I) prep.
A. with dat.
I. of place;
1) on, upon, in;
á gólfi, on the floor;
á hendi, on the hand (of a ring);
á sjá ok landi, on sea and land;
á bókum enskum, in English books;
á himni, in heaven;
á jörðu, on earth;
hafa lykil á sér, … on one’s person;
vera á þingi, to be present at a meeting;
vera í skógi, to be out in a forest (of a hunter, robber, deer);
þær eyjar liggja á Breiðafirði, … in Broad firth;
2) in connexion with proper names of countries, esp those ending in ‘-land’, in;
á Englandi, Írlandi, Skotlandi, Bretlandi, Grœnlandi, Íslandi, etc., á Mœri, Ögðum, Fjölum; á Mýrum (in Iceland); á Finnmörk, á Fjóni (a Danish island), but í Danmörk, Svipjóð; also before names of Icel. farms denoting open spaces; á Þórisstöðum, á Möðruvöllum, á Fitjum.
II. of time;
1) during, in the course of;
á nótt, by night;
á degi, by day;
á því ári, vári, sumri, in that year, spring, summer;
á þrem sumrum, in the course of three summers;
var hann á fám dögum heill, within few days;
á dögum e-s, in the days of, in his reign or time;
2) used of a fixed recurrent period or season; …
interj. denoting wonder, doubt, or the like, eh.
I) prep.
A. with dat.
I. of place;
1) on, upon, in;
á gólfi, on the floor;
á hendi, on the hand (of a ring);
á sjá ok landi, on sea and land;
á bókum enskum, in English books;
á himni, in heaven;
á jörðu, on earth;
hafa lykil á sér, … on one’s person;
vera á þingi, to be present at a meeting;
vera í skógi, to be out in a forest (of a hunter, robber, deer);
þær eyjar liggja á Breiðafirði, … in Broad firth;
2) in connexion with proper names of countries, esp those ending in ‘-land’, in;
á Englandi, Írlandi, Skotlandi, Bretlandi, Grœnlandi, Íslandi, etc., á Mœri, Ögðum, Fjölum; á Mýrum (in Iceland); á Finnmörk, á Fjóni (a Danish island), but í Danmörk, Svipjóð; also before names of Icel. farms denoting open spaces; á Þórisstöðum, á Möðruvöllum, á Fitjum.
II. of time;
1) during, in the course of;
á nótt, by night;
á degi, by day;
á því ári, vári, sumri, in that year, spring, summer;
á þrem sumrum, in the course of three summers;
var hann á fám dögum heill, within few days;
á dögum e-s, in the days of, in his reign or time;
2) used of a fixed recurrent period or season; …
1. á, prep., often used elliptically, or even adverbially, [Goth. ana; Engl. on; Germ. an. In the Scandinavian idioms the liquid n is absorbed. In English the same has been supposed to happen in adverbial phrases, e. g. ‘along, away, abroad, afoot, again, agate, ahead, aloft, alone, askew, aside, astray, awry,’ etc. It is indeed true that the Ormulum in its northern dialect freq. uses o, even in common phrases, such as ‘o boke, o land, o life, o slæpe, o strande, o write, o naht, o loft,’ etc., v. the glossary; and we may compare on foot and afoot, on sleep (Engl. Vers. of Bible) and asleep; A. S. a-butan and on-butan (about); agen and ongean (again, against); on bæc, aback; on life, alive; on middan, amid. But it is more than likely that in the expressions quoted above, as well as in numberless others, as well in old as in modern English, the English a- as well as the o- of the Ormulum and the modern Scottish and north of England o- are in reality remains of this very á pronounced au or ow, which was brought by the Scandinavian settlers into the north of England. …
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m. and ábóta-dæmi, n. an abbey, 655 xxxii, Bs. i. 831.
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n. adj. without an abbot, vacant, Ann. 1393.
m. son of an abbot.
m. son of an abbot, Bs. i. 679.
f. the rank, dignity of an abbot.
f. and -stéttr, m. the rank, dignity of an abbot, Ann. 1325.
f. abbot’s parlour.
u, f. the abbot’s parlour, Vm.
n. seat of an abbot.
n. the seat of an abbot, 655 xxxii.
n. the power, dignity of an abbot.
n. the power, dignity of an abbot, Ann. 1345.
a. n. in need of improvement, imperfect (þar er honum þótti ~ um kristnihaldit).
n. adj. shortcoming, imperfect, Hkr. ii. 89, Sturl. i. 162.
m. abbot.
a, m. [Lat. abbas, from Hebr. abba], an abbot. abbati, which form is nearer to the Lat., is rare, but occurs, 655 iii, 656 A, i. 30, Hom. 237. 2. The Icel. form ábóti answers to the Engl. abbot, Fms. i. 147, Bs. i. ii. freq., Sks., etc.
COMPDS: ábótadómr, ábótadæmi, ábótalaust, ábótasonr, ábótastétt, ábótastofa, ábótasæti, ábótavald.
m. an inhabitant.
m. inhabitant, Stj. 368.
f. duties ol a tenant.
u, f. duties of a tenant, Jb. 211.
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a, m. and -hlutr, ar, m. an object, step involving risk and responsibility, Nj. 199.
a. irresponsible, free from risk.
adj. free from risk, Fms. x. 368; eigi með üllu á., i. e. a weighty, serious step, no trifling matter, Sturl. iii. 234.
n. responisible step.
n. a step involving risk, Nj. 164, Post. 656 B.
a. momentous, very important.
adj. momentous, important, Sks. 452.
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u, f. a ‘loving-cup,’ or ‘grace-cup,’ Vígl. 17.
adv.
1) before (löngu á.);
2) a little while ago (Kolr fór frá seli á.).
adv. [cp. Ulf. apn = ivtavrós, Gal. iv. 10, and atapni, id.], a little before, a little while ago, erewhile; Kolr for frá seli á., Nj. 55; á. er vit skildum, Lv. 34; slíkt sem á. talða ek, as I said just above (of the Speaker reading the law in the lögrétta), Grág. i. 49, ii. 242; nu a., just now, 656 G. 39.
adv.
1) already (ek hef áðr ráðit brullaup Mitt);
2) before, heretofore; litlu (löngu) á., a little while (long) before;
3) = áðr en, previous to the time when, before, ere; þeir höfðu skamma hríð setið á. þar kom Gunnhildr, they had sat but a short while before G. came; dóu margir á. þeir kœmi til fyrirheitsjarðar, before they came to the land of promise;
4) until, till (þat var svipstund ein á. stofan brann);
5) sem á., nevertheless, for all that (hón bað hann þat eigi gera, en hann tekr hana sem á.).
adv. [cp. Hel. adro = mane], ere, already, soon; er ek hefi a. (soon) ráðit brullaup mitt, Nj. 4; er Guð hafði á. bannat, Sks. 533; ok vóru þeir því á. (already) heim komnir, Eg. 222; at nú so lægra í horninu en á., than before, Edda 32; litlu ú., a little while ago, Fms. viii. 130; þar sem ek em a. (already) í fullri reiði Gtiðs, Sks. 533.
2. á. en, Lat. prius quam, ante quam:
α. with subj.; a. en þeir gengi, Fms. xi. 13; a. en í biskups garð falli, N. G. L. i. 145.
β. with indic.; var eigi langt á. en bygðin tók við, Eg. 229.
γ. áðr simply = áðr en; þeir höfðu skamma hríð setið, á. þar kom Gunnhildr, they had sat a short while ere G. came thither, Nj. 6; en á. hann reið heiman, 52; en þat var svipstund ein á. (till) stofan brann, Eg. 240; en áðr hann let setja söguna saman, Sturl. iii. 306.
n. a fool or tool egged on by another (hafa e-n at ~i).
n. a fool or tool egged on by another; hafa e-n at á., Sturl. i. 81, to use one to snatch the chestnuts out of the fire; cp. the Engl. cat’s-paw.
m. sentence of condemnation or punishment.
m. a sentence of condemnation, doom, Clem. 50, Eluc. 39, 655 xviii. 2 Corin. xi. 29, Stj. 265 (visitation).
m. condemnation.
m. condemnation, Grág. Introd. clxviii, Gþl. 174.
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f. pl., sounded áir, butter-milk; cp. áfr, freq. in mod. usage.
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(perh. better afr), m. [the r belongs to the root, cp. áir, f. pl.]
1. a beverage, Eg. 204, translated by Magnaeus by sorbitio avenacea, a sort of common ale brewed of oats; this explanation is confirmed by the Harbarðsljóð, verse 2, where Thor says, át ek í hvíld áðr ek heiman for sildr ok afra (acc. pl.), saðr em ek enn þess; the single vellum MS. (Cod. Reg.) here reads hafra. In the Eg. 1. c., the Cod. Wolf, reads afra, the Cod. A. M. 132 afr, acc. sing.: cp. the passage Ls. 3, where jöll seems to be the Scot. yill (v. Burns’ Country Lassie), and úfo in Cod. Reg. a false spelling for áfr,—jöll ok áfr færi ek ása sonum, ok blend ek þeini svá meini mjöð: áfir, pronounced áir, now means buttermilk (used in Icel. instead of common beer): cp. also ábrystur, f. pl. curds of cow’s milk in the first week after the cow has calved; the milk is cooked and eaten warm and deemed a great dainty; opt eru heitar úbrcstur, Snot 299 (Ed. 1865).
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n. a continuation, (mod.)
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u, f. (qs. af-ergja, af- intens.?), eagerness, and -ligr, adj. impetuous.
m. an aggressor (við mína ágangsmenn).
m. an aggressive man, Lv. 79, Stj. 65.
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adj. aggressive, Fs. 9, Fms. vi. 102, Sks. 208.
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ar, m. a profitable share, Grág. ii. 359.
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m. a hot-headed, impetuous person, Korm. 8, Þórð. 43: now used of a man that works by fits and starts, not steadily.
n. pl. full of care.
adj. full of care, Fs. 98.
a. slow.
adj. slow, Fms. iv. 77.
a. eager, aspiring man.
m. an eager, aspiring man, Bs. i. 686.
a. eager, vigorous.
adj. eager, vigorous, Fms. Viii. 266.
a. n., e-m er ~, one is concerned (about something).
n. adj. being concerned about, Bs. i. 824.
a. causing concern, serious.
adj. causing concern, Sturl. i. 106 (serious, momentous).
a. anxious, concerned.
adj. full of care, anxious, Fms. ii. 225, x. 249, Blas. 35.
a. unconcerned.
adj. unconcerned, Rb. 312.
a. very anxious; e-m gerist mikit, one grows very anxious.
adj. anxious, Bs. i. 328, Band. 8.
a. anxious-looking.
adj. and -liga, adv. with concern, gravely, anxiously, Fms. i. 141, Sturl. ii. 78, 136.
a. anxious, careful.
adj. anxious, careful, 655 xiii, 656 B. 7, Sturl. iii. 234.
m. grave, anxious look.
m. a grave, anxious face, Fms. vi. 239, vii. 30.
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n. id., Fms. vi. 32.
m. greal-grandfather.
a, m. [cp. afi and Lat. avus], great-grandfather, answering to edda, great-grandmother (at present in Icel. langafi and langamma), Rm. 2; föður eðr afa, á. er hinn þriði, Edda 208; see æ, p. 757, col. 1. In Sæm. 118 ai seems to be an exclamatio dolentis, göróttr er drykkrinn, ai! unless ai be here = ái in the sense of father; cp. the reply of Sigmund, láttu grön sía, sonr. In mod. poetry áar in pl. is used in the sense of ancestors; áðr áar fæddust áa (gen. pl.) vorra, Bjarni 71, Eggert (Bb.) I. 20.
m. restin-place (for horses to rest and graze).
s, m.; áifangi (dat.), Grág. (Kb.) 160, and áifang (acc.), Ísl. l. c., follow the old declension (so as to distinguish the dat. and acc. sing.); áifangi, a, m., Fb. ii. 340; mod. áfangi, Grett. 29 new Ed., Fb. i. 165, [æja, to bait, and vangr, campus; as to the f, cp. Vetfangr = vetvangr, and hjörfangr = hjörvangr; Pál Vidal. derives it from fanga, to take]:—a resting-place; á áiföngum, Grág. i. 441; taka hest sinn á áiföngum, ii. 44; taka áifang (acc. sing.), Ísl. ii. 482; in the extracts from the last part of the Heiðarv. S. MS. wrongly spelt atfang (at = ái); höfðu þeir dvöl nokkura á áifanga, Fb. ii. l. c., Jb. 272. In mod. use áfangi means a day’s journey, the way made between two halting places, cp. σταθμός; hence the phrase, ‘í tveim, þremr … áföngum,’ to make a journey in two, three … stages:—the COMPD áfanga-staðr, m., is used = áifangr in the old sense; but ‘stadr’ is redundant, as the syllable ‘fangr’ already denotes place.
n. fodder for horses at a resting-place.
n. fodder for baiting, provender, Jb. 430, Stj. 214. Gen. xlii. 27.
a. free from all claims or demands.
adj. a law term, free from encumbrance, Vm. 11.
a. taunting.
adj. taunting, Glúm. 364.
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a, m. = aqua vitae, spirit, (mod.)
n. pl. passionate or violent words.
n. rash language. Mar.
m. a piece of field to be mown in a dey.
m. a piece of field to be mowed in a day, a mower’s day’s work (in mod. usage called dags-látta), Fms. Iii. 207.
n. piecework (þat er títt á Íslandi at hafa ~).
n. piece-work; þat er títt á Íslandi at hafa á., þykjast þeir þá komnir til hvíldar eptir erviði sitt er verki er lokit, Fms. v. 203, Jb. 374.
a. undisputed, unimpeached.
adj. undisputed, Finnb. 356; blameless, Stj. 523.
m. accuser, complainant.
m. an accuser, Stj. 42.
(pl. -ar), f. leather-strap.
f., old form nom. dat. acc. sing. ́l; öl heitir drykkr, en ́l er band, Skálda (Thorodd) 163: gen. sing. and nom. pl. álar; (the mod. form is ól, keeping the ó throughout all the cases; gen. pl. ólar):—a strap, esp. of leather; ál löng, Fms. vi. 378, Edda 29, Sks. 179: a proverb, sjaldan er bagi að bandi eðr byrdi að ól.
β. esp. the leather straps for fastening a cloak, etc. to the saddle, = slagálar, Orkn. 12, Bjarn. 68, Fbr. 57 new Ed.
γ. a bridle, rein; beislit fanst þegar ok var komit á álna, Bs. i. 314, note 2.
COMPDS: álarendi, álarreipi.
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f. pl. a kind of line, N. G. L. i. 311.
m. a kind of metre, the first syllable of the following line completing the sentence.
m. a kind of metre, the first syllabic of the following line completing the sentence, e. g. ískalda skar ek öldu | eik; Edda (Ht.) 129.
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ála-, v. sub voce áll and ál.
m. end of a leather strap.
a, m. the end of a leather strap, Edda 29.
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n. a rope of leather, etc.
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f. fishing for eels, D. N.
m. eel-pond, stew for eels.
m. an eel-pond, stew for eels, D. N.
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f. eel fishing, Gþl. 421.
n. = álagarðr.
n. a pond for eel fishing, Gþl. 421.
f. = hálfa.
v. hálfa, region.
f. female elf.
u, f. a female elf, Fas. i. 32, Bær. 2, Art. 146.
(-s, -ar), m. elf, fairy (hóll er skamt heðan er álfar búa í).
s, m. [A. S. ælf, munt-ælfen, sæ-ælfen, wudu-ælfen, etc.; Engl. elf, elves, in Shakespeare ouphes are ‘fairies;’ Germ. alb and elfen, Erl- in Erlkönig (Göthe) is, according to Grimm, a corrupt form from the Danish Ellekonge qs. Elver-konge]; in the west of Icel. also pronounced álbr:
I. mythically, an elf, fairy; the Edda distinguishes between Ljósálfar, the elves of light, and Dökkálfar, of darkness (the last not elsewhere mentioned either in mod. fairy tales or in old writers), 12; the Elves and Ases are fellow gods, and form a favourite alliteration in the old mythical poems, e. g. Vsp. 53, Hm. 144, 161, Gm. 4, Ls. 2, 13, Þkv. 7, Skm. 7, 17, Sdm. 18. In the Alvismál Elves and Dwarfs are clearly distinguished as different. The abode of the elves in the Edda is Álfheimar, fairy land, and their king the god Frey (the god of light), Edda 12; see the poem Gm. 12, Álfheim Frey gáfu í árdaga tívar at tannfé. In the fairy tales the Elves haunt the hills, hence their name Huldufólk, hidden people: respecting their origin, life, and customs, v. Ísl. Þjóðs. i. I sqq. In old writers the Elves are rarely mentioned; …
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n. dirt, excrements (which drive away the elves); ganga ~, ~a, at ~a = ganga ørna sinna.
n., álfröðull, m., v. above.
a. akin to the elves.
adj. akin to the elves, Fm. 13.
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a, m., the name of a myth. king, the same as A. S. Anila, Ýt.
n. absence of reflection.
n. absence of reflection, Fas. Iii. 91.
a. inconsiderate.
adj. inconsiderate, Fas. ii. 388.
n. pl. in the phrase, gøra e-t at ~um = gøra e-t at álitum.
n. pl., gjöra e-t at álitamálum = göra at álitum, v. above, Lv. 16.
m. a fine for áljótr.
s, m. a fine for á., N. G. L. i. 171 (for cutting one’s nose off).
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n. pl., Grág., v. above.
f. auk.
u, f. an auk, alca L., Edda (Gl.): álku-ungi, a, m. a young auk, Fs. 147: metaph. a long neck, in the phrase, teygja álkuna (cant).
(-s, -ar), m.
1) eel;
2) a deep narrow channel in sea or river (eru nú þeir einir álar til lands, er ek get vaðit);
3) germ, sprout of a plant.
m.
I. an eel, Lat. anguilla, Km. 236, Edda (Gl.), 655 xxx. 2, Stj. 69.
II. a deep narrow channel in sea or river; eru nú þeir einir alar til lands er ek get vaðit, Fms. iii. 60; þeir lögðu út á álinn (in a harbour) ok lágu þar um strengi, Sturl. i. 224; djúpir eru Islands alar, of the channel of the Atlantic between Norway and Iceland, a proverb touching the giantess who tried to wade from Norway to Iceland, Ísl. Þjóðs.
III. in names of horses, or adjectives denoting the colour of a horse, ‘ál’ means a coloured stripe along the back, e. g. in mó-ál-óttr, brown striped, bleik-ál-óttr, yellow striped; Kingála and Bleikálingr are names of horses, referring to their colour.
IV. a sort of seed, Edda (Gl.); cp. Ivar Aasen, aal, a sprout, and aala, aal-renne, to sprout, of potatoes.
V. the pith of a tree; ok haft þar til álinn úr eikitrjám = το μέλαν δρυος ἀμφικεάσσας, Od. xiv. 12 (Dr. Egilsson).
COMPDS: álafiski, álagarðr, álaveiðr, álavirki.
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u, f., gener. a prong, fluke of an anchor, or the like, as cognom., Fms. v. 63:—properly perh. a branch of an elm.
m.
1) elm;
2) poet. man.
m. [Lat. ulmus; Engl. elm; Germ, ulme], an elm, Edda (Gl.), Karl. 310: metaph. a bow, Lex. Poët.
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a, m. a sort of bow, cross-bow, Lex. Poët.
m. elm-twig.
m. an elm-twig, Fas. i. 271.
n. elm-tree = álmr 1.
n. an elm-tree, Karl. 166.
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m. id.
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n. a board an ell long, N. G. L. i. 100.
a. an ell broad.
adj. an ell broad, Fas. ii. 118.
f. tithe of the value of an ell.
f. tithe of the value of an ell, K. Á. 100.
n. the value of an ell (alin, öln).
n. equal in value to an ell, K. Á. 194.
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f. action for bad measure, Grág. i. 472.
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að, qs. aplast, to walk like a hack-horse, then, to walk awkwardly; austr at Horni ok út á haf, álpuðu þeir frá landi, Skíða R. 54.
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qs. aplast, dep. to totter, v. apli.
(pl. álptir and elptr), f. swan.
more correctly álft, f. the common í eel. word for swan, Lat. cygnus; svan is only poët.; all local names in which the swan appears, even those of the end of the 9th century, use ‘álpt,’ not ‘svan,’ Álpta-fjörðr, -nes, -mýri, v. the local index to the Landn.; Svanshóll comes from a proper name Svan. Probably akin to Lat. albus; the t is fem. Inflexion; the p, instead of f, a mere change of letter; cp. the proverb, þegar hrafninn verðr hvítr en álptin svört, of things that never will happen: pl. álptir, but sometimes, esp. in Norse, elptr or elftr; the change of the original a (alft) into á (álft) is of early date, Grág. ii. 338, 346, Eg. 132, Landn. 57; in all these passages pl. álptir; but elptr, Jb. 217, 309. Respecting the mythical origin of the swan, v. Edda 12; they are the sacred birds at the well of Urda.
COMPDS: álptarhamr, álptarlíki.
m. the skin and plumage of a swan.
m. the skin of a swan, Fas. ii. 373.
n. swan’s shape or form.
n. the shape of a swan, Fas. ii. 375, etc.
f. catching wild swans.
f. catching wild swans, Landn. 270, Vm. 69; álptveiðar skip, 68.
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f. an awkwardness, a playing idiotic pranks; þykkir eigi verða vinveitt at þeir haldizt á við álpun Hreiðars, Mork. 37.
m. final judgement.
m. a final doom or judgment, Sks. 668.
n. the last word, peroration.
n. the last word, a peroration. Eg. 356, Hkr. ii. 215, Fms. vii. 116.
n. conclusive testimony.
n. a conclusive testimony, defined in Gþl. 476.
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n. adj. free from imposts.
m. leathern belt.
n. a leathern belt, Stj. 606.
pp. measured with a thong or cord (of a field).
adj. Part. [álbera], measured with a thong or cord, of a field, N. G. L. i. 43. In Icel. called vaðbera and vaðborinn.
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m. mensuration with a line, N. G. L. i. 43, = vaðburðr.
n. rope of leather.
n. a strap of leather, Dipl. v. 18; vide ál.
(að), v. to vex, molest;
refl., amast við e-n, e-t, to inconvenience, trouble (ömuðust liðsmenn lítt við hana); to object to, disapprove, show dislike to (~ við bygð e-s).
u, f. (and ámu-sótt, f.) erysipelas, Sturl. ii. 116; in common talk corrupted into heimakona or heimakoma.
2. poët. a giantess, Edda (Gl.); hence the play of words in the saying, gengin er gygr or fæti en harðsperra aptr komin, gone is the giantess (erysipelas), but a worse (sceloturbe) has come after.
3. a tub, awme, Germ. ahm.
4. in Norse mod. dialects the larva is called aama (v. Ivar Aasen); and ámu-maðkr, spelt ánu-maðkr, a kind of maggot, lumbricus terrestris, is probably rightly referred to this. Fél. ix. states that it has this name from its being used to cure erysipelas.
m. admonisher, reminder.
m. monitor, Fms. v. 125.
n. pl. admonition, exhortation.
n. warnings, Fms. vi. 44.
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u, f. a song commemorating deeds of prowess, etc., Hkr. ii. 345.
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adj. occurs twice or thrice in poetry (by Arnór and in a verse in Bs. i. 411), seems to mean black or loathsome; í úmu blóði and ám hræ, loathsome blood and carcases of the slain, Orkn. 70, Fms. vi. 55; akin with ámátligr. Egilsson omits the word. Metaph. of a giant, the loathsome, Edda (Gl.)
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m. pl. additional payment [munr, difference] D. N. (Fr.)
adv. without reproach.
n. adj. blameless, Ölk. 37, Ísl. ii. 54.
n. reproof.
n. reproof. Valla L. 218.
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n. adj. shameful, Sturl. ii. 131, Hrafn. 11.
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f. [cp. the Engl. score], a dub. word attached to an account of numbers in Edda 108; átta bera á., a short (not full) score (?).
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adj. blamable, Glúm. 369, Fms. ii. 182.
a. loathsome, unpleasant, piteous.
adj. loathsome, piteous, Fms. v. 165, of piteously crying; Fas. ii. 149, of an ogress; Finnb. 218, Bær. 7.
a. loathsome, unpleasant, piteous.
adj. [cp. old Germ. amahtig = infirmus], contr. ámátkir, ámáttkar, etc., used in poetry as an epithet of witches and giants, prob. in the same sense as ámátligr, Vsp. 8, Hkv. Hjör. 17. Egilsson translates by praepotens, which seems scarcely right.
prep. without;
1) with gen.; þess máttu Gautar illa án vera, they could not well do without it; án allrar vægðar, without any mercy;
2) with dat.; án e-s ráði, without (against) his will; án afláti, incessantly;
3) with acc.; án alla flærð, without any deceit; án leyfi, without leave.
1. prep. [Goth. inuh; Hel. and O. H. G. ano; Germ, ohne; Gr. ανευ], without: the oldest form in MSS. is ón, Eluc. 25, Greg. Dial, (freq.), 655 xxvii. 2, Fms. xi. in, 153; aon, Hom. 19 sqq.; the common form is án; with gen. dat. and acc.; at present only with gen.
I. with gen., þess máttu Gautar ilia án vera, Hkr. ii. 70. Ó. H. 49 has ‘þat;’ án manna valda, Fms. iii. 98; á. allra afarkosta, x. 7; mættim vér vel þess án vera, Ísl. ii. 339; in the proverb, án er ills gengis nema heiman hafi, Gísl. 63, but án er illt gengi (acc.), 149, Nj. 27, Ísl. ii. 142, l. c..; án allra klæða, Al. 171; án allrar vægðar, Sks. 229; ón lasta synda, Eluc. 25.
II. with dat., esp. in translations or eccles. Writings, perh. in imitation of the Lat., and now quite out of use; esp. In the phrase, án e-s ráði, without (against) one’s will, Nj. 38, Bjarn. 71, Korm. 142, Fms. xi. 153, 111; ón góðum verkum, Greg. 13; án úfláti, incessantly, Bs. i. 97; ón dómi, Eluc. 39; sannr ok on gildingi, 655 xxvii. 2.
III. with acc., esp. freq. in the Grág., án er illt gengi, v. above; þá skal hann án vera liðit, Grág. …
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adj. clownish; and ánaskapr, m. clownishness, etc.
n. yoke of bondage.
n. yoke of oppression, Stj. 168.
f. life of oppression or bondage.
f. a life of oppression, bondage, 655 viii. 4.
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n. adj. a pun (v. Án 2), a lot of Ans, Fas. ii. 431.
I)
n.
1) year; at ári, next year; telja árum, to count time by years;
2) plenty, abundance, fruitfulnes (þá var ár um öll lönd);
3) the name of the Rune A.
II)
f. oar; draga skip á árum, to pull the boat with oars; þungr undir árum, heavy to pull; draga árar um e-t, to contend for; koma eigi ár sinni fyrlr borð, to be under restraint.
III)
n. first beginning; ár var alda, in times of yore; at morgins ári, um morguninn í ár = árla um morguninn, early in the morning.
IV)
adv.
1) anciently, of yore;
2) early (ár um morguninn).
V)
from á, river.
1. n. [Goth. jêr; A. S. gear; Engl. year; Germ. jabr; the Scandin. idioms all drop the j, as in ungr, young; cp. also the Gr. ωρα; Lat. hora; Ulf. renders not only ετος but also sometimes καιρός and χρόνος by jêr].
I. a year, = Lat. annus, divided into twelve lunar months, each of 30 days, with four intercalary days, thus making 364 days; as the year was reckoned about the middle of the 10th century (the original calculation probably only reckoned 360 days, and made up the difference by irregular intercalary months). About the year 960 Thorstein Surt introduced the sumarauki (intercalary week), to be inserted every seventh year, thus bringing the year up to 365 days. After the introduction of Christianity (A. D. 1000) the sumarauki was made to harmonize with the Julian calendar; but from A. D. 1700 with the Gregorian calendar; v. the words sumarauki, hlaupár, mánuðr, vika, etc., Íb. ch. 4, Rb. 6, Fms. i. 67; telja árum, to count the time by years, Vsp. 6; í ári, used adverb., at present, as yet, Ó. H. 41, 42 (in a verse).
II. = Lat. annona, plenty, abundance, fruitfulness; …
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n. an oar-blade.
m. oar-handle.
m. the handle of an oar, Glúm. 395, Sturl. iii. 68.
m. piece of an oar.
m. a piece of an oar, Glúm. l. c.
m. stump of an oar.
a, m. the stump of an oar, Ísl. ii. 83.
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n. a stroke with the oar.
n. wood for making oars.
n. the wood for making oars, Pm. 138.
m. the movement of the oars; koma (ráðast) undir áraburð e-s, to become dependent on one; vera undir áraburði e-s, to be under one’s protection.
m. the movement of the oars, in the phrase, vera undir áraburði e-s, to be in one’s boat, i. e. under one’s protection, esp. as regards alimentation or support, Hrafn. 30; ráðast undir áraburð e-s, to become one’s client, Ld. 140.
m. splashing of oars.
m. splashing of oars, Fas. ii. 114.
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f. ‘oar-clutch,’ poët. a ship, Edda (Gl.)
n. time in rowing; kunna ~, to be able to handle an oar.
(árar-), n. the time of rowing, e. g. seint, fljótt á., a slow, quick, stroke; kunna á., to be able to handle an oar, Þórð. (Ed. 1860), ch. 4.
n. number of years; fimtugr at ~i, fifty years of age.
n. and ára-tala, u, f. number of years; fimtugr at áratali, Stj. 110, Rb. 484, Mar. 656 A. i. 29; hann (Ari Frodi) hafði áratal fyrst til þess er Kristni kom á Ísland, en síðan allt til sinna daga, Hkr. (pref.), seems to mean that Ari in respect of chronology divided his Íslendingabók into two periods, that before and that after the introduction of Christianity; Stj. 112 (periode).
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n. [and árétta, tt], a thin wedge used to prevent a nail from getting loose, cp. Ivar Aasen.
adv.
1) early; with gen., árla dags;
2) in times of yore.
adv. [qs. árliga], early, Lat. mane, Fms. iii. 217, v. 285, Stj. 208, Hom. 86:: with gen., árla dags, Fms. x. 218, Pass. 15. 17.
β. in times of yore, Sks. 498, 518.
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m. the right of an á., i. e. the fine to be paid for molesting an ármaðr, N. G. L. i. 70.
I)
(að), v.
1) to earn, gain, get (á. e-t);
2) á. e-m e-s, to procure a thing for one; á. e-m góðs, to pray for good to one; á. e-m ills, to imprecate evil upon, to curse; á. e-m lífs, to intercede for one’s life; á. e-s við guð, to pray to God for a thing.
II)
(að), v. to go forward, to wander (á. úrgar brautir).
að,
I. [A. S. yrnan, pret. arn, proficisci; cp. Icel. árr, evrendi, etc.], as a neut. verb, only in poetry and very rare, to go forward; úrgar brautir á. þú aptr héðan, Fsm. 2, Gg. 7, Fms. iv. 282, vi. 259; hvern þann er hingað árnar, whoever comes here, Sighvat, Ó. H. 82.
II. [A. S. earnian, to earn; Germ, erndten], act. verb with acc. and gen.:
1. with acc. to earn, get, Lat. impetrare; hvat þú árnaðir í Jötunheima, Skm. 40; hon … spurði, hvat hann árnar, … what he had gained, how he had sped (of a wooer), Lv. 33; á. vel, to make a good bargain, Fms. vi. 345: reflex., þykir vel árnast hafa, they had made a good bargain, Bret. 40.
2. with gen. of the thing, to intercede for, pray; á. e-m góðs, to pray for good to one, bless him; á. e-m íls, to curse one, Fas. iii. 439; lífs, to intercede for one’s life, Magn. 532; griða, id., Sturl. ii. 224; var þat flestra manna tillaga, at á. Gizuri kvánfangsins, … to favour him, to give him the bride, Fms. iv. 33; á. e-s við Goð, to intercede for one with God (of Christ and the saints), Bs. …
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m. intercessor (esp. of Christ and the saints).
m. an intercessor, esp. of Christ and the saints, Magn. 504.
n. intercession (of the saints).
n. intercession, K. Þ. K. 76, Grág. ii. 166, Bs. i. 181.
m. intercession.
m., theol. intercession, Th. 7.
COMPDS: árnaðarmaðr, árnaðarorð.
f. = árnaðr.
and -un, f. intercession, = árnaðr, Fms. vi. 352, Bs. i. 180, Fbr. 126, 655 xii, Ver. 22, 625. 81.
(pl. -endr), m. intercessor, = árnaðarmaðr.
part, an intercessor, Fms. x. 318, Hom. 149.
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(arovi), a, m. a Norse law term; of doubtful origin, perh. akin to oróf and öræfi, an aged witness, a freeborn man, born and bred in the district, who must have been at least twenty years of age at the death of his father. He was produced as a witness (as an old document in modern times) in lawsuits about local questions as to possession of landed property, (cp. in mod. Icel. usage the witness of ‘gamlir menn’); thus defined,—þá skal hann fram færa óðalsvitni sín, arova þrjá, þá er tvítugir vóru þá er faðir þeirra varð dauðr, N. G. L. i. 87, (ok óðalbornir í því fylki, add. Gþl. 298); skal hann setja þar dóm sinn ok kveðja hann jarðar jafnt sem hinn þar væri, ok leiða (produce) arova sína þar ok öll vitni, sem hinn þar væri, N. G. L. i. 94.
I)
(pl. ærir and árar, acc. áru and ára), m.
1) messenger, servant;
2) pl. angels (ærir ok höfuðærir).
II)
a. early (at árum degi).
adj., Lat. matutinus; at arum degi, Hom. 121. Cp. ár (adv.) II.
I)
(pl. ærir and árar, acc. áru and ára), m.
1) messenger, servant;
2) pl. angels (ærir ok höfuðærir).
II)
a. early (at árum degi).
m. [Ulf. airus; Hel. eru; A. S. ar; cp. Icel. eyrindi, A. S. ærend, Engl. errand], a messenger; old gen. árar (as ásar from áss); dat. æri (Fms. xi. 144); acc. pl. áru, Hkv. 1. 21, Og. 25, Greg. 35, later ára; nom. pl. ærir, Pd. 35 (12th century), later árar, v. Lex. Poët.: very rare and obsolete in prose, except in a bad sense, but freq. in old poetry: also used in the sense of a servant, Lat. minister, famulus; konungs árr, Guðs árr, Lex. Poët.; Ásu úrr, Ýt. 25.
2. theol., in pl.:
α. the angels; Guð görir anda áru sína, Greg. 35; engla sveitir, þat eru ærir ok höfuð-ærir, id.
β. evil spirits; now almost exclusively used in this sense; fjandinn ok hans árar, Fms. vii. 37; satan með sínum árum, ii. 137; cp. djöfli, viti, ár (dat.) og álf, öldin trúði sú, Snót 140.
γ. used of the number eleven, ærir eru ellefu, Edda 108.
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f. = árbót, Bs. i. 343, q. v.
m. = ártíð.
m. id., Vm. 116.
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n. an anniversary mass, B. K. 8, 25.
f. obituary.
f. an obituary, Vm. 4, Ám. 45; some of the Icel. obituaries are published in H. E. at the end of the 1st vol. and in Langeb. Scriptt. Rer. Dan.
a. = áræðinn.
adj. daring, Fas. i. 119.
a. of small courage.
adj. of small courage, Hkr. ii. 79.
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m. a bold man, Grett. 141 A, Fbr. 149.
a. daring.
adj. daring, Sturl. iii. 21, Rd. 285.
f. test of courage, daring deed.
f. proof of courage, pluck, Fms. vi. 166.
a. of great courage, plucky.
adj. of great courage, Al. 9.
I)
n.
1) year; at ári, next year; telja árum, to count time by years;
2) plenty, abundance, fruitfulnes (þá var ár um öll lönd);
3) the name of the Rune A.
II)
f. oar; draga skip á árum, to pull the boat with oars; þungr undir árum, heavy to pull; draga árar um e-t, to contend for; koma eigi ár sinni fyrlr borð, to be under restraint.
III)
n. first beginning; ár var alda, in times of yore; at morgins ári, um morguninn í ár = árla um morguninn, early in the morning.
IV)
adv.
1) anciently, of yore;
2) early (ár um morguninn).
V)
from á, river.
v. the compds of á, a river.
(-rs), m.
1) season, = árferð;
2) produce of the earth.
rs, m. [ár = annona], gener. a year, season, = árferð; also the produce of the earth brought forth in a year (season), which is at present in the east of Icel. called ársali, v. árferð; skapaðist árangrinn eptir spásögu Jóseps, 655 vii. 4; ok at liðnum þeim vetrum tók á. at spillast, Gþl. 77; mun batna á. sem várar, Þorf. Karl. (A. A.) 111: the mod. use is only metaph., effect, result; so e. g. árangrs-laust, n. adj. without effect, to no effect.
m. river-channel.
m. tie bed of a river, Hkr. iii. 117.
m. bank of a river.
a, m. the bank of a river, Ld. 132, Nj. 234.
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v. arfborinn: Egilsson renders ηριγένεια by árborin (in his transl. of the Odyssey).
f. bettering of the season of produce.
f. improvement of the season (ár = annona), Fms. i. 74, Bs. i. 137, Hkr. ii. 103: fem., surname, Landn.
n. inundation of a river.
n. inundation of a river, Bs. ii. 37; at present used of a s hallow ford in a river.
a. early ready.
part. ready early, Sks. 221 B.
a. dwelling in abundance.
adj. dwelling in abundance, plentiful, Fms. v. 314.
m. pl., í árdaga, in days of yore.
m. pl. [A. S. geardagas], í árdaga, in days of yore, Ls. 25 (poët.)
adv. early in the day.
adv. early in the day, Eg. 2, Grág. i. 143.
m. course of a river.
m. a water-course, Stj. 353.
f.
1) season (góð ~);
2) good luck.
f., mod. árferði, n. season, annona, Fms. i. 51, 86, ix. 51; árferð mun af taka um alla Danmörk, i. e. there will be famine, xi. 7; góð á., Stj. 420; engi á., Grett. 137 A.
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adj. ‘oar-fleet,’ of a rowing vessel, Fms. viii. 382, Hkr. iii. 94.
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m. the early flier, i. e. a hawk, Edda.
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m. a waterfall or force, Barl. 190.
m. ‘the early singer’, the cock, chanticleer.
a, m. ‘the early crying,’ i. e. perh. chanticleer, used in the proverb eldist árgalinn nú, of king Harold, Fms. vi. 251.
m. failure of crop.
a, m. failure of crop, Sks. 321, 323. árgalla-lauss, adj. free from such failure, fertile, Sks. 322.
m. a year’s course, year.
m. a year’s course, season, Fms. xi. 441, Thom. 85; margan tíma í þessum á., 655 xxxii: in mod. usage, a year’s volume, of a periodical.
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adj. eager for a good harvest (poët.), Ýt. 5.
n. pl. steep cliff’s over-hanging a river.
n. a chasm of a river, Fms. viii. 51, Fær. 62.
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m. god of plenty, the god Frey, Edda 55.
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u, f. a good season, Thom. 83.
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m. an helmet of brass, A. S. âr = eir, Hkm. 3.
m. one’s portion of a river (as regards fishing rights).
m. one’s portion of a river, as regards fishing rights, Fms. x. 489, Sturl. i. 202.
adv.
n. adj. and ár-lengis, adv. during the whole year, D. N.
adv.
1) = árla;
2) yearly.
adv.
I. [ár, annus], yearly, Fms. ii. 454, x. 183, Vm. 12.
II. = árla, early, Hkv. 1. 16.
2. [ár, annona], in the phrase, fá árliga verðar, to take a hearty meal, Hm. 32; cp. Sighvat, Ó. H. 216, where it seems to mean briskly.
a.
1) annual, yearly;
2) early.
adj.
1. annual, Thom. 24.
2. in the phrase, árligum hrósar þú verðinum, thou hast enjoyed a hearty meal, Hbl. 33; the word is now used in the sense of well fed, well looking.
m. steward, esp. of a king’s or bishop’s estates.
m. [árr, nuntius, or ár, annona], a steward, esp. of royal estates in Denmark, Sweden, and Norway, also of the earls’ estates in the Orkneys. As Icel. had neither earls nor kings, it is very rare, perhaps an απ. λεγ. in Landn. 124 (of the stewards of Geirmund heljarskinn). In Norway the ármenn of the king were often persons of low birth, and looked upon with hatred and disrespect by the free noblemen of the country, cp. e. g. Ó. H. 113, 120 (synonymous with konungs þræll), Eb. ch. 2; the ármenn were a sort of royal policemen and tax gatherers, Fms. xi. 261, Orkn. 444, Eg. 79, 466, Gþl. 12 (where it is different from sýslumaðr); erkibiskups á., N. G. L. i. 175.
COMPD: ármannsréttr.
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m. a year-month, i. e. a month, Stj. 320.
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and ár-megn, n. the main stream of a river, Stj. 251.
f. stewardship.
f. [ármaðr], stewardship, the office or the province, Orkn. 444, Fms. iv. 268; sýslur ok á., Hkr. i. 303.
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n. the mouth of a river, Fms. ix. 381.
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adv. [A. S. ærmorgen], early to-morrow, Am. 85.
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and á-mót, n. a ‘waters-meet,’ Lat. cottfluentia, H. E. i. 129.
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n. a Norse law term, perh. qs. örnæmi [nema], indemnity; á. um skuldafar, N. G. L. i. 177, cp. 182.
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m. the ‘oyce’ or mouth of a river, Eg. 99, 129, 229; whence the corrupt local name of the Danish town Aarhuus, Fms. xi. 208.
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a, m. drift, the jetsam and flotsam (of fish, timber, etc.) in a river, Jm. 25.
a. given to rising early.
adj. one who rises early, Fms. vi. 241.
m. precious hangings of a bed (kult ok blæjur ok ~).
and ársali, a, m. [a foreign word, introduced from Britain], precious hangings of a bed, Eb. 262, Edda 18 (ársali); ársal allan, Gkv. 2. 26; allan ársala, Js. 78; an obsolete word.
II. in the east of Icel. ársali [ár, annona, and selja] means annual produce, the stores or crop of a year.
a. fertile (~ vetr).
adj. fertile, Ver. 17.
pp. early sown.
part. early sewed, Hm. 87.
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n. metal wire, Eg. (in a verse). Cp. A. S. âr.
f. yearly rent.
f. yearly rent, D. N. iii. 195 (Fr.)
m. current in a river.
m. the current in n river, Fms. vii. 257, 260.
f. bank of a river.
f. the strand of a river, Stj. 268, 673. 53.
f. the fact of having prosperous seasons (during one’s reign).
(and ársæld), f. a blessing on the year, plenty; svá var mikil á. Hálfdanar, so great was the plenty during his reign, Fagrsk. 2.
a. happy in having good seasons.
adj. happy or blest in the year, fortunate as to season, an epithet of a king; good or bad seasons were put on the king’s account, cp. Fms. i. 51, xi. 294; góðr höfðíngi ok á., i. 198; á. ok vinsæll, Fagrsk. 2, Bret. 100; allra konunga ársælstr, Fms. x. 175.
n. reckoning by years.
n. tale or reckoning by years, Vþm. 23, 25.
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a, m. the year-teller, i. e. the moon (poët.), the heathen year being lunar, Alvm. 15.
f. yearly rent.
u, f. yearly rent, D. N. iv. 231 (Fr.)
f. anniversary of a man’s death.
n. the anniversary of a man’s death, Bs. i. 139, Fms. v. 121, ix. 534, Bret. 70, Blas. 51.
COMPDS: ártíðardagr, ártíðarhald, ártíðarskrá.
n. ford of a river.
n. aford of a river, Stj. 184.
a. early awake, early rising (~ ok ósvefnugr).
adj. (and árvekni, f. mod.), early awake, early rising, Lv. 43, Sks. 19: the name of one of the horses of the Sun, Edda, Gm. 37.
m. = árfarvegr.
= árfarvegr, Fas. i. 533.
a. promising a good season.
adj. promising a good season, Sks. 335.
a. promising a good season.
adj. id., Fms. i. 92, ii. 76.
m. the rising or swelling of a river.
m. the swelling of a river, Fms. i. 286.
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að, a mod. sea term, to move the yard of a sail.
n. matter for cen sure.
n. a matter for censure, Th. 77.
n. pl. words of reproach.
n. a word of reprimand, Stj. 500.
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f. hostage of the Ases, Edda 15.
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n. a name of the Ases, Edda (Gl.)
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m. Thor the As ‘par excellence,’ Edda 14, Hbl. 52.
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f. the race of Ases, Edda 7.
n. a matter worthy of, or requiring, consideration.
n. pl. a matter worthy of consideration, Ísl. ii. 159, Band. 15.
I)
(gen. áss and ásar; pl. æsir, acc. æsi and ásu), m. one of the old heathen gods in general, or esp. one of the older branch, in opp. to the younger ones (the Vanir).
II)
(gen. áss, pl. ásar), m.
1) a thick pole, main beam (in a house);
2) in a ship, yard of a sail (beitiáss);
3) rocky ridge.
m. [a French word], the ace at dice, in the game kvátra, q. v., Sturl. ii. 95, Orkn. 200: mod. also the ace in cards.
I)
(gen. áss and ásar; pl. æsir, acc. æsi and ásu), m. one of the old heathen gods in general, or esp. one of the older branch, in opp. to the younger ones (the Vanir).
II)
(gen. áss, pl. ásar), m.
1) a thick pole, main beam (in a house);
2) in a ship, yard of a sail (beitiáss);
3) rocky ridge.
1. m. [Ulf. ans = δοκός; cp. Lat. asser, a pole], gen. áss, dat. ási, later ás, pl. ásar, acc. ása:
1. a pole, a main rafter, yard;
α. of a house; selit var gört um einn as, ok stóðu út af ásendarnir, Ld. 280; Nj. 115, 202; drengja við ása langa (acc. pl.), Fms. vii. 54, Sks. 425, Pm. 11, Dipl. iii. 8, Hom. 95; sofa undir sótkum ási, Hkr. i. 43; cp. Caes. Bell. Gall. 5. ch. 36, Fs. 62: in buildings áss gener. means the main beam, running along the house, opp. to bitar, þvertré, a cross-beam, v. mæniráss, brúnáss, etc.: the beams of a bridge, Fms. ix. 512; in a ship, beitiáss, a yard of a sail: also simply called áss, Ýt. 23, Fs. 113; vindáss, a windlass (i. e. windle-ass, winding-pole).
2. metaph. a rocky ridge, Lat. jugum, Eg. 576, Fms. viii. 176. Ás and Ásar are freq. local names in Iceland and Norway.
COMPD: ássstubbi.
2. m. [that the word existed in Goth. may be inferred from the words of Jornandes—Gothi proceres suos quasi qui fortunâ vincebant non pares homines sed semideos, id est Anses, vocavere. The word appears in the Engl. …
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a, m. the stump of a beam, Sd. 125.
f.
1) love, affection; hafa á. á e-m to feel a love for; fella á. til e-s or við e-n, to take a fancy to or for one;
2) pl. ástir, love between man and woman, esp. affection between man and wife (vel er um ástir okkrar, sagði hón).
f., old form ́st, [Ulf. ansts = χάρις; A. S. est or æst; O. H. G. anst; old Fr. enst; cp. unna (ann), to love]:—love, affection; mikla ást hefir þú sýnt við mik, Eg. 603; fella ást til e-s, to feel love to, Sturl. i. 194, Fms. x. 420; líkamleg ást, 656 A. ii. 15, Ver. 47: with the article, ástin, or ástin mín, my dear, darling, pet, love, a term of endearment used by husband to wife or parents to child; her er nú ástin mín, Sighvatr bóndi, Sturl. ii. 78.
β. in pl. love between man and woman, the affection between man and wife; vel er um ástir okkar, sagði hón, Nj. 26; takast þar ástir miklar, Ld. 94 (of a newly-wedded pair), 298: love of a woman, þá mælti Frigg, ok spurði hverr sá væri með Ásum er eignast vildi ástir hennar ok hylli, Edda 37: metaph. the white spots on the nails are called ástir, since one will have as many lovers as there are spots, Ísl. Þjóðs., Fél. ix; vide elska, which is a more common word.
COMPDS: ástafundr, ástalauss, ástarandi, ástarangr, ástaratlot, ástaraugu, ástarákefð, ástarband, ástarbrími, ástarbruni, ástareldr, ástarfundr, ástargyðja, ástarharmr, ástarhirting, ástarhiti, ástarhót, ástarhugi, ástarhygli, ástarilmr, ástarkveðja, ástarkveikja, ástarlogi, ástarmark, ástarorð, ástarpallr, ástarreiði, ástarsamband, ástarsigr, ástarsætleikr, ástarvárkunn, ástarvekka, ástarverk, ástarvél, ástarvili, ástarvængr, ástarþjónusta, ástarþokki, ástaræði. …
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m. spirit of love.
a, m. spirit of love, H. E. i. 470.
n. grief from love.
m. grief from love, Str. 55.
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n. pl. = ástarhót.
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n. pl. loving eyes, v. auga; renna, lita ástaraugum til e-s, to look with loving eyes, Fms. xi. 227, Ísl. ii. 199.
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f. passion, Str.
n. tie or bind of love.
n. band of love, 656 C. 37.
m. fire of love, ardent love.
a, m. fervent love, Flov. 36.
m. fire of love, ardent love.
a, m. ardent love, Stj.
m. = ástarbrími.
m. fire of love, Bs. i. 763, Greg. 19.
m. affectionate meeting.
m. affectionate meeting, Fms. xi. 310.
f. goddess of love.
u, f, the goddess of love (Venus), Edda (pref.) 149, Al. 6.
m. grief from love.
m. grief from love, Stj. 4.
f. chastisement of love.
f. chastisement of love, 671 C.
m. warmth of love.
a, m. passion, Greg. 19.
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n. pl. the shewing kindness and love, Pass. 12. 23 (sing.)
m. love, affection.
a, and -hugr, ar, m. love, affection, Bs. i. 446, Fms. i. 34, Stj. 126.
f. devotion.
f. [hugall], devotion, Bs. i. 48.
m. sweetness of love.
m. sweetness of love, Str.
f. hearty greeting.
u, f. hearty greeting, Sturl. ii. 185.
f. kindler of love.
u, f. a kindler of love, Al. 57.
m. flame of love.
a, m. flame of love, Hom. 67.
n. token of love.
n. token of love, Greg. 46.
n. pl. words of love (mæla ~um til e-s).
n. pl. words of love; mæla ástar orðum til e-s, to speak in words breathing love, 655 xxxi.
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m. step of love, 656 A. i. 10.
f. anger from love.
f. anger from love, Sks. 672.
n. band of love.
n. band of love, Stj.
m. victory of love.
m. victory of love, Str.
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m. sweetness of love, Hom. 13.
f. compassion.
f. compassion, sympathy, Greg. 72.
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u, f. the dew of love (poët.), Hom. 68.
n. act of charity.
n. charity, Sks. 672, Magn. 468.
f. artifice of love (bók ~a, Ars amandi).
f. Ars Amatoria, of Ovid so called, Str. 6.
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ja, m. desire, passion, Str. 27.
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m. wing of love, Hom. 48.
f. service of love.
u, f. service of love, Hom. 2, Fms. ii. 42.
m. love, affection.
a, m. affection for, inclination, of a loving pair, Fms. ii. 99, Fær. 63.
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n. fury of love, Bær. 7.
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m. = ástarfundr, Lex. Poët.
a. loveless.
adj. loveless, Helr. 5.
f. affectionate kinship.
f. affectionate kinship, Sturl. ii. 81.
m. dear friend.
m. a dear friend, Fms. vi. 198, v. l. aldavinr, a dear old friend.
a. blind from love.
adj. blind from love, Lex. Poët.; love-blind, Mkv.
pp. in bonds of love, deeply enamoured.
part. in bonds of love, Str. 36, 55.
pp.
1) love-exciting (~ drykkr);
2) bound in love (~ við Maríu).
part. love-mad, Mar.
pp. beloved, dear to one (e-m).
part. beloved, dear to one’s heart, warmly beloved; á. e-m, Fms. vi. 45, xi. 3.
n. loving fosterage (leggja ~ við e-n; fœða e-n upp ~i).
rs, m. love to a foster-child, (also used metaph.) in phrases such as, leggja á. við e-n, to foster with love, as a pet child, Fms. iii. 90; fæða e-n ástfóstri, to breed one up with fatherly care, x. 218.
f. gift of love, grace.
f., theol. grace, gift; á. Heilags Anda, Skálda 210, Skv. i. 7, Andr. 63; in pl., Magn. 514.
m. darling.
a, m. a darling, good genius; hann þótti öllum mönnum á., he (viz. bishop Paul) was endeared to all hearts, Bs. i. 137: the old Ed. reads ástgóði, endearment, which seems less correct, v. goði: goði in the sense of good genius is still in use in the ditty to the Icel. game ‘goða-tafl’ (heima ræð eg goða minn).
a. affectionate (e-m).
adj. affectionate, Sks. 687 B.
a. dearly loving, affectionate.
adj. part. dearly loving, Njarð. 380.
a. dear, lovely; pl. contr. ástgir, ástgar.
adj., contr. forms ástgir, ástgar, etc., dear, lovely, Vsp. 17.
n. hearty welcome.
n. a hearty welcome, Am. 14.
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adj. dearly beloved.
a. void of love, loveless.
adj. loveless, heartless, = ástalauss, Hom. 43.
n. want of love, unkindness.
n. want of love, unkindness, Hrafn. 5.
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f. a darling girl, sweetheart, Flov. 28.
m. pl. dearly beloved friends.
m. pl. dearly beloved friends, Sturl. 1. 183, Hkr. iii. 250, Stj. 237, Blas. 44.
n. kindly advice.
n. kind (wise) advice, Fms. ii. 12 (ironically), Skálda 164, Hom. 108, Hým. 30.
f. affectionate tenderness hafa ~ af e-m, to be much loved by.
n. paternal love; in the phrase, ekki hafði hann á. mikit af föður sínum, i. e. he was no pet child, Fms. iii. 205, Ld. 132; á. Drottins, 655 v. 2.
a. full of love (ástríkt hugskot) ~ e-m or til e-s, full of love to.
adj. full of love; á. Faðir, of God, Mar. 3, 24.
adv. affectionately.
adv. (and -ligr, adj.), affectionately, Hkr. iii. 250, Fms. ix. 434, Fas. i. 91, 655 xxvii. 25, Sks. 12, Sturl. i. 183, Hom. i, Stj.
a. full of love, tenderly disposed towards (við e-n).
adj. id., Hom. 58, Sks. 12.
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f. love, affection, Hkr. iii. 261, Fms. x. 409: ástsemðar-ráð, n. = ástráð, Sks. 16, Anecd. 30: ástsemðar-verk, n. a work of love, Sks. 673: ástsemðar-vinátta, u, f. loving friendship, Sks. 741.
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adj. without love, Lex. Poët.
f. popularity.
f. the being loved by all, popularity, Íb. 16.
a. beloved by all, popular (~ e-m or af e-m).
adj. beloved by all, popular, Íb. 16, Fms. xi. 317.
f. love, affection; leggja ~ til e-s, to become fond of one.
f. [properly ásthúð, Clem. 40, contr. from ást-hugð, from hugr or hygð, cp. ölúð, þverúð, harðuð, kind, stubborn, hard disposition; v. A. S. hydig], love, affection, Rb. 390.
COMPDS: ástúðarfrændsemi, ástúðarvinr.
a. beloved, dear (~ öllu fólki); ástúðigt er með þeim, they are on friendly or loving terms.
adj. loving, Eg. 702, Fms. i. 55: as neut., ástúðigt er með e-m, they are on friendly terms, Ld. 236.
a. amiable, friendly (við e-n or e-m); loving.
adj. lovely, Fms. vi. 19, Bs. i. 74, Sturl. i. 2: as neut., á. er með e-m, to be on terms of love, Lax. 162.
f. dear (female) friend.
u, f. a dear (female) friend, Thom. 14.
f. intimate friendship.
u, f. intimate friendship, Eg. 728.
m. intimate friend.
ar, m. a dear friend; Þórólfr gekk til fréttar við Þór ástvin sinn, Eb. 8, Fms. i. 58, Thom. 10.
m. = ástarþokki.
a, m. = ástarþokki, Fms. vi. 341.
f. bridge of the Gods, the rainbow.
f. the bridge of the Ases, the rainbow, Edda.
m. short pillar.
m. a pillar (drengr, a short pillar), N. G. L. ii. 283.
m. the end of a beam.
a, m. theend of a beam, Ld. 280.
m. the residence of the Gods.
m. the residence of the gods (Ases), Edda; also the name of a farm in the west of Icel.: the mod. Norse ‘aasgaardsreid’ is a corruption from the Swed. åska, thunder.
f. pl. the gate of ásgarðr.
f. pl. the rails surrounding the ásgarðr, Edda 46.
a. akin or related to the gods.
adj. akin to the gods, Fm. 13.
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m., poët. a cock, Edda (Gl.): a pr. name, Fms., Landn.
m. pl. champions of the Gods.
m. pl. [liði, a champion], the champion of the Ases, Skm. 34.
n. the divine strength of the Gods, esp. used of Thor.
(ásmegn, Edda 15, 29), n. gener. the divine strength of the Ases, but esp. used of Thor in the phrases, at færast í á., vaxa á., neyta á., when he displayed his strength as a god by grasping the hammer Mjölnir, by putting on the gloves, or the girdle (megingjarðar, q. v.), Edda 15, 60, 61, Hým. 31.
m. pl. the sons of the Gods.
m. pl. = ásliðar, Vtkv. 7.
m. divine wrath (sá hann þá Þór í ásmóði).
m. the divine strength of Thor, shewn in his wrath by thunder and lightning; því næst sá hann eldingar ok þrumur stórar; sá hann þá Þór í ásmóði, Edda 58; the proper name Þormóðr is equivalent to ásmóðr, cp. Landn. 307 (the verse).
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n. the power of the Ases, Kristni S. Bs. 10.
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u, f. a goddess, the fem. of Áss; Æsir ok Ásynjur, Vtkv. i, Edda 21.
I) prep.
A. with dative.
I. Of motion;
1) towards, against;
Otkell laut at Skamkatli, bowed down to S.;
hann sneri egginni at Ásgrími, turned the edge against A.;
2) close atup to;
Brynjólfr gengr alit at honum, quite up to him;
þeir kómust aldri at honum, they could never get near him, to close quarters with him;
3) to, at;
koma at landi, to come to land;
ganga at dómi, to go into court;
4) along (= eptir);
ganga at stræti, to walk along the street;
dreki er niðr fór at ánni (went down the river) fyrir strauminum;
refr dró hörpu at ísi, on the ice;
5) denoting hostility;
renna (sœkja) at e-m, to rush at, assault;
gerði þá at þeim þoku mikla, they were overtaken by a thick fog;
6) around;
vefja motri at höfði sér, to wrap a veil round one’s head;
bera grjót at e-m, to heap stones upon the body;
7) denoting business, engagement;
ríða at hrossum, at sauðum, to go looking after horses, watching sheep;
fara at landskuldum, to go collecting rents.
II. Of position, &c.;
1) denoting presence at, near, by, upon;
at kirkju, at church;
at dómi, in court; …
n. [éta, át, edere, A. S. æt], the act of eating, in the phrase, at öldri ok at áti, inter bibendum et edendum, Grág. ii. 170, N. G. L. i. 29; át ok drykkja, Fas. ii. 552, Orkn. 200; át ok atvinna, Stj. 143: of beasts, kýr hafnaði átinu, the cow (being sick) would not eat, Bs. i. 194.
f.
1) eating; góðr átu, good eating;
2) food, meat; sá hafi húð ok átu, er átti, let the owner (of the ox) have the hide and meat.
u, f.
1. food to eat, but only of beasts, a prey, carcase; húð ok áta, of a slaughtered beast, N. G. L. i. 246; svá er þar ekki þrot ærinnar átu (for seals), Sks. 176; þar stóð úlfr í átu, Jd. 31.
2. eating; góðr átu, ‘good eating,’ Sks. 136, 137.
3. medic. a cancer, and átu-mein, n. id., Fél. ix. 190; the old word is eta, q. v.
COMPD: átuþýfi.
n. eatable thing, proper food (cf. úátan).
n. [cp. úátan], an eatable, N. G. L. i. 19.
card. numb. eighteen.
older form áttján, as shewn by assonances such as, áttján Haraldr sáttir, Fms. vi. 159, in a verse of the middle of the 11th century [Swed. adertan; Dan. atten; Engl. eighteen; Germ. achtzehn]:—eighteen, Edda 108, Hkr. ii. 289, N. G. L. i. 114.
ord. numb. eighteenth.
older form áttjándi, eighteenth, Hom. 164, N. G. L. i. 348.
f. a shiphaving eighteen rowing benches.
u, f. [cp. tvítug-, þrítugsessa], a ship having eighteen rowing benches, Fms. ix. 257, xi. 56.
I) f.
1) family, race;
2) quarter, direction; see ætt.
II) from eiga.
1. f. a family, race, v. ætt and compds; for a fuller account of this word see ætt, p. 760.
2. and ætt, f., pl. áttir and ættir [Germ. acht = Lat. ager, praedium, a rare and obsolete word in Germ.], plaga caeli, quarter; just as quarter refers to the number four, so átt seems to refer to eight: átt properly means that part of the horizon which subtends an arc traversed by the sun in the course of three hours; thus defined,—meðan sól veltist urn átta ættir, Sks. 54; ok þat eru þá þrjár stundir dags er sól veltist um eina sett, id.; the names of the eight áttir are, útnorðr á., north-west; norðr á., north; landnorðr á., north-east; austr a., east; landsuðr á., south-east; suðr á., south; útsuðr á., south-west; vestr á., west; four of which (the compounds) are subdivisions; átt is therefore freq. used of the four only, Loki görði þar hús ok fjórar dyrr, at hann mátti sjá ór húsinu í allar áttir, … to all (i. e. four) sides, Edda 39: or it is used generally, from all sides, þá drífr snær ór öllum áttum, Edda 40; …
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card. numb., eight.
card. number [Sansk. ashtan; Goth. ahtau; Gr. οκτώ; Lat. octo; A. S. eahta; Germ. acht], eight, Landn. 73, Edda 108.
ord. numb. eighth = átti, áttundi.
and áttundi, old form átti, ord. number eighth, Lat. octavus; við (hinn) átta mann, Landn. 304; hálfr átti tögr, Clem. 47; átti dagr Jóla, Fms. iii. 137, Rb. 8, K. Á. 152, 218. The form áttandi occurs early, esp. in Norse writers, N. G. L. i. 10, 348, 350, Sks. 692 B: in Icel. writers with changed vowel áttundi, which is now the current form, Mar. 656 A. i, Hkr. ii. 286, where the old vellum MS. Ó. H. 173 has átta.
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(the compd form of ætt, a family), v. ætt.
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f. a division of the átt, Sks. 37.
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n. id.
m. pl. eighty.
(mod. áttatíu as an indecl. single word), eighty, Landn. 123, Edda 108; vide tigr.
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the eightieth, Sturl. ii. 156 C, = áttugandi, q. v.
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adj. bewildered.
ord. numb. eightieth.
= áttatugasti, Stj. (MS. 227), col. 510.
I)
m.
1) the eighth part (~ manna);
2) division of the country (in some parts of Norway).
II)
m. kinsman, = ættingi.
m.
I. [atta], the eighth part of a whole, either as to measure or number; cp. fjórðungr, þriðjungr, etc., Rb. 488; á. manna, N. G. L. i. 5: as a Norse law term, a division of the country with regard to the levy in ships, Gþl. 91, N. G. L. i. 135.
II. [átt or ætt, familia], poét. kindred, kinsman; Freys á., the poem Hlt., Edda 13, Ýt. 13, 14, Al. 98 (esp. in pl.), v. Lex. Poët.: áttungs-kirkja, u, f. a church belonging to an áttungr (in Norway), N. G. L. i. 8.
m. lineage, = ættbogi.
and ættbogi, a, m. lineage, Landn. 357, Eluc. 26, Stj. 425, Fms. i. 287, Post. 686 B. 14.
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adj. eightfold.
m. a measure of eight fathoms (~ torfs).
m. measuring eight fathoms, Vm. 80, Am. 60.
m. one’s native place, one’s home (í átthaga sínum).
a, m. one’s native place, home, country, where one is bred and born; í átthaga sinum, Ld. 40, Fs. 61: freq. in pl.
a. eight-cornered, octagonal.
adj. octagonal, Alg. 368.
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and ættjörð, f. = átthagi, Ísl. ii. 186, A. A. 252: in mod. usage = Lat. patria, and always in the form ætt-.
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m., poët. kindred, Ýt. 21.
m. = ættleggr.
and ættleggr, m. lineage, Stj. 44.
a. indecl. degenerate.
adj. degenerate, v. ættlera.
a. n. name of a metre, a verse containing eight lines, each being a separate sentence.
n. adj. name of a metre, a verse containing eight lines, each being a separate sentence, Edda (Ht.) 125.
m. kinsman, descendant.
m. kindred, Hým. 9.
m. kinsman, descendant.
m., poët. kindred, Hým. 20.
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adj. [for the numbers twenty to seventy the Icel, say tvítugr, … sjautugr; but for eighty to one hundred and twenty, áttræðr, níræðr, tíræðr, tólfræðr].
1. temp, numbering eighty years of age, (hálfáttræðr, that of seventy-six to eighty): á. karl, an octogenarian, Ld. 150. Eighty years of age is the terminus ultimus in the eyes of the law; an octogenarian is no lawful witness; he cannot dispose of land or priesthood (goðorð) without the consent of his heir; if he marries without the consent of his lawful heir, children begotten of that marriage are not to inherit his property, etc.; ef maðr kvángast er á. er eðr ellri, etc., Grág. i. 178; á. maðr né ellri skal hvárki selja land né gorðorð undan erfingja sinum, nema hann megi eigi eiga fyrir skuld, 224; ef maðr nefnir vátta … mann tólf vetra gamlan eðr ellra … áttröðan eðr yngra, ii. 20.
2. loc. measuring eighty fathoms (ells …) in height, breadth, depth …: also of a ship with eighty oars [cp. Germ, ruder], Eg. 599, Vm. 108; vide áttærr.
m. kinsman, = ættingi.
m., poët. kindred, Hkv. I. 54.
a. octagonal.
adj. octagonal. Mar. 1055.
f. genealogical knowledge, = ættvísi.
and ættvísi, f. genealogical knowledge or science, Skálda 161, 169, Bárð. 164, Bs. i. 91, Fms. vii. 102; the áttvísi formed a part of the old education, and is the groundwork of the old Icel. historiography, esp. of the Landnama.
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m. an eight-oared boat (now proncd. áttahringr), Vm. 109.
a. of eight oars (skip áttært).
adj. [ár, remus], having eight oars, Eg. 142, 600 A.
n. stolen eatables.
n. a law term, eatable things stolen, Grág. ii. 192.
a. greedy, voracious.
adj. greedy, voracious, Hkv. 2. 41.
f. greediness of food.
f. greediness of food, Hom. 72, and átgjarn, adj. greedy.
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m. a glutton, Germ. freszbauch.
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adj. unproductive, Grág. i. 173, Fms. x. 221.
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f. a Norse law term, a sort of income tax, opp. to höfuðtíund; nú er hverr maðr skyldr at göra tíund sá er fjár má afla, bæði h. (tithe on capital) ok á. (tithe on interest), N. G. L. i. 346.
a. unfruitful.
adj. unproductive, barren, Al. 50.
a. profitable, fruitful.
adj., productive, Stj. 77, 94: metaph., H. E. i. 513.
f. compensation for an áverki.
f. compensation for an averki (II. β.), Gþl. 363.
n. a stroke producing áverki.
n. a stroke, blow producing áverki (I.), Grág. ii. 16.
m. perpetrator of an áverki.
m. a perpetrator of an áverki (I.), Grág. ii. 13.
n. an action concerning áverki.
n. an action concerning averki (I.), Grág. ii. 96, Nj. 100.
a. n. blameless.
n. adj. blameless, Sks. 802, Hom. 160.
a. blameable.
and ávít-samligr, adj. blamable, Sks. 577.
a. apt to blame, censorious.
adj. chiding, severe, zealous, Bs. i. 392, Greg. 64.
(= of allt), adv. always.
and ávallt, adv. always, Lat. semper, originally of-allt (from allr) = in all; but as early as the 12th century it was sounded as ofvalt or ávalt, which may be seen from this word being used in alliteration to v in poems of that time, þars á valt er vísir bjó, Kt. 16; vestu á valt at trausti, Harmsól verse 59; styrktu of valt til verka, Leiðarv. 34 (the MS. reads ávalt): even Hallgrim in the 17th century says, víst á valt þeim vana halt | vinna, lesa ok iðja. In MSS. it is not unfreq. spelt ofvalt, as a single word, e. g. Bs. i. 150–200; yet in very early times the word seems to have assumed the present form ávalt, proncd. á-valt, as if from á and valr: ofalt, of allt, Orkn. 90, Fms. v. 205, Fbr. 77, 87, Fær. 22: of valt, Eluc. 3, Bs. i. 349, Fms. v. 160: ávalt or ávallt, freq. in the old miracle book,—Bs. i. 335, 343, 344, 345, 351, Hom. MS. Holm. p. 3, Hoin. (MS. 619), 129, Grág. (Kb.) 116, Landn. 86, Fms. xi. 112, etc. etc.,—through all the Sagas and down to the present day: cp. the mod. alltaf (per metath.), adv. always. …
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n. yoke of tyranny.
n. the yoke of tyranny, Al. 7.
m.
1) increase;
2) interest of money, yield, profit;
3) reward.
a, m. increase, Bs. i. 182.
β. interest of money, K. Á. 208, N. G. L. ii. 381.
(-rs), m. abusive language.
rs, m. out-pouring, foul language, Sturl. i. 21.
f.
1) thrashing, flogging (= barsmíð);
2) assault (of the Evil One), temptation.
f. a thrashing, flogging, = barsmíð, Sturl. iii. 237.
m. profit, gain.
a, m. profit, gain, Fms. xi. 441 (now freq.)
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f. a tasting, Barl. 72.
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a, m. an accuser, prosecutor (bera á, accusare), Jb. 252 A; (a Norse law term.)
f. disposition to accuse.
f. a disposition to accuse, Hom. 86.
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m. (qs. árbítr), a breakfast, Safn i. 95.
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part. inspired, transl. from Lat.; á. af Heilogum Anda, Fms. x. 373, Hom. 12.
f.
1) breathing upon (með elds á.);
2) gramm., aspiration;
3) inspiration.
f, a breathing upon; með eldr á., 656 C. 33, Rb. 438: gramm. aspiration, Skálda 175, 179, 180; theol. inspiration, Fms. x. 371.
m.
1) breathing upon;
2) inspiration.
rs, m., dat. áblæstri, a breathing upon, Fms. x. 210; theol. inspiration, iii. 164, v. 217, Eluc. 4; medic. pustula labiorum, Fél. ix. 184.
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n. a manor-house, = aðalból, B. K. 40.
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f. used only in pl. ábætr, of improvements, esp. on a farm or estate; á. jarðar, D. N., D. I. i. 199.
COMPD: ábótavant.
f. bed-covering, counterpane.
u, f. a covering, counterpane, Korm. 206, Stj. 304.
n. bed-covering, counterpane.
n. a bed-covering, quilt, Sir. 5, 22, Vm. 93,—in the last passage of a winding-sheet or pall; á. kápa, Vm. 67.
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f. pl. corrupt for ábistir (see p. 481, col. 1), cp. Goth. beist, Engl. beestings; the á- is a gen. pl. from ær, a ewe: the word therefore prop. meant sheep’s beestings, but came to be used as a general term; the word is a household word in Icel., but seems not to be found in ancient poets; Hallgr. Pét. speaks of heitar ‘ábristur.’
a. = afbrúðigr.
ábrýða, ábrýði, jealous, jealousy, v. afbr-.
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f. pl., v. áfr-.
m.
1) charge;
2) salve, ointment;
3) pomp or bravery in dress (cf. ‘berast mikit á’).
ar, m. a charge (bera á, accusare’); varði mik eigi þess úburðar, Fms. ii. 57, Rd. 236.
β. medic. salve, ointment (bera á, to smear), Bs. ii. 180.
γ. pomp or bravery in dress (berast á, to puff oneself up), in the COMPDS aburðar-klæði, n. fine clothes, showy dress, Bar. 5.
δ. a horse load: áburðar-hestr, m. a pack-horse, = klyfja hestr. áburðar-maðr, m. a dressy, showy person, a dandy, Fms. iv. 255, Orkn. 208. áburðar-mikill, adj. puffed up, showy, Ld. 248. áburðar-samligr and áburðar-samr, adj. id., Sks. 452, 437.
f.
1) tenancy; ef land spillist í ábúð hans, during his tenancy;
2) duties of a tenant.
f. [búa á], an abode or residence on an estate or farm, tenancy; fara … á annars manns land til ábúðar (as a tenant), Grág. ii. 253; á. jarðar (possession) heimilar tekju, Gþl. 329; en ef land spillist í a. hans, during his tenancy, K. Þ. K. 170; þá öðlast harm leigu (rent) en hinn á. (tenancy), N. G. L. i. 94: whatever refers to the right and duties of a tenant, landskyld ok alla á. jarðar, Jb. 210, 346, 167.
COMPDS: ábúðarmaðr, ábúðarskylda.
m. tenancy (= ábúð).
ar, m. = ábúð, N. G, L. i. 240.
f. responsibility;
vera í ~ um e-t, to be responsible for;
vera ór ~ um e-t, to be exempt from responsibility in a case;
hafa mikit í ~, have much at stake;
e-t er í ~um við mik, I am responsible for it.
f. responsibility, liability, weight; leggja sína á. á, Grág. i. 208; eiga í á., to have at stake, Band. 18 new Ed., N. G. L. i. 223, Ld. 58; lands á., Grág. ii. 248; vera í á. um e-t, to answer for, Fms. xi. 82, Sks. 762: pl. ábyrgðir, pledges, Bær. II, 686 B. 5.
COMPDS: ábyrgðarhluti, ábyrgðarlauss, ábyrgðarráð, ábyrgðarsamligr.
(-ða, -ðr), v. to make one answerable for (á e-m e-t or e-t á hendi e-m);
refl., ~st e-t, to answer for, warrant.
1. ð,
1. in the act. form (very rare), to answer for; á. e-m e-t, Gþl. 385; á. e-t á hendi e-m, to place a thing for security in a person’s hands; hann á. þau á hendi Jóhanni postula, 655 ix. A.
2. as a dep.; abyrgjast (very freq.), to answer for, take care of, Gþl. 190, Grág. i. 140; hverr skal sik sjálfr a., 256, ii. 119, Fms. vi. 361; á. e-t við e-u, Grág. i. 410; sá maðr ábyrgist vápn er upp festir, ii. 95; hverr abyrgist bat (warrants) móðir, at góðráðr verði, ek mun abyrgjast (I will warrant) at eigi mun heimskr verða, Fms. iv. 83.
2. u, f. = ábyrgð (very rare); halda e-u abyrgiu, to be responsible for, Grág. ii. 335, 399.
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n. = ábúð, freq. at present and in several compds, as, ábýlis-jörð, a tenant farm; ábýlis-maðr, a tenant, etc.
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n. = ábúð, H. E. i. 495.
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n. a splashing, the spray, Sks. 147.
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f. a sprinkling upon, Stj. 78.
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m. pl. a ‘sea’ or wave dashing over a ship, Sks. 231.
f. the act of drinking to; sitja fyri ádrykkju e-s, to sit over against one as his drinking-mate (regarded as a mark of honor).
u, f. [drekka á], prop. a drinking to, pledging, esp. used n the phrase, at sitja fyrir ádrykkju e-s;—a custom of the olden time. The master of the house, for instance, chose one of his guests as his ‘cup-fellow,’ seated him over against himself in the hall, drank to him, and then sent the cup across the hall to him, so that they both drank of it by turns. This was deemed a mark of honour. Thus, Egill at fyrir ádrykkju Arinbjarnar, Egil sale over against Arinbjorn as his cup-mate, Eg. 253; skal hann sitja fyrir á. minni í kveld, in the pretty story of king Harold and the blind skald Stuf, Fms. vi. 391; cp. annat öndvegi var á hinn æðra pall gegnt konungi, skyldi þar itja hinn æðsti ráðgjafi (the king’s highest councillor) konungs fyrir hans á. ok þótti þat mest virðing at sitja fyrir konungs á., 439; sat Gizurr fyrir á. konungs innarr enn lendir menn, Bs. i. 19. See also the description of the banquet in Flugumyri on the 19th Oct. in the year 1253,—drukku þeir af einu silfrkeri ok mintust við jafnan um daginn þá er hvorr drakk til annars, Sturl. iii. 183.
COMPD: ádrykkjuker.
f. egging on, instigation.
f. egging on, instigation, Hkr. i. 102, Fms. i. 139; af a. e-s, Landn. 214, Orkn. 416, Ísl. ii. 340, Fms. x. 379.
COMPD: áeggjanarfífl.
n.
1) heazy sea (dashing over a ship);
2) law term, imposition of a fine (á. sektar);
3) = áfelli, calamity, visitation.
n. ‘on-fall,’ esp.
1. a nautical term, of a ‘sea’ dashing over a ship, Bs. i. 422, Korm. 180, Nj. 267, Sks. 227, Fs. 113, 153; hence the phrase, liggja undir áföllum, of one in danger at sea.
2. a law term, the laying on of a fine or the like; á. sekðar, Grág. i. 138.
β. a condemnatory sentence in an Icel. court; ef þeir vilja á. dæma … vér dæmum á. honum, Grág. i. 67, 71, of the formula or summing up and delivering a sentence in court.
3. metaph. and theol. = áfelli, a visitation, calamity, 623. 19, Magn. 470, II. E. i. 236.
COMPD: áfallsdómr.
n.
1) laying hands upon, rough handling (varð hann fyrir miklu spotti ok ~i);
2) mulct, fine, incurred by illegal seizure of another man’s goods;
sex aura ~, a fine of six ounces.
n. (áfangi, m., Grág. i. 433), [fá á, to grasp], a grasping, seizing, laying hands upon, esp. of rough bundling; harm hló mjök mót áfangi manna, Fms. vi. 203; varð hann fyrir miklu spotti ok áfangi, 209.
2. a law term, a mulct, fine, incurred by illegal seizure of another man’s goods; ef maðr hleypr á bak hrossi manns úlofat, þat varðar sex aura á., if a man jumps on the back of another man’s horse without leave, that is visited with a fine of six ounces, Grág. i. 432, Gþl. 520; hvatki skip er tekr skal sitt á. gjalda hverr …, á. á maðr á hrossi sínu hvárt er hann ekr eðr ríðr, N. G. L. i. 45; at hann hafi riðit hrossi manns um þrjá bæi … varðar skóggang ok áfanga (where it is used masc. acc. pl.) með, Grág., vide above.
m. = áfang 2.
a betting-place, v. ái-fangi.
a. fastened to, joined to.
adj. made fast, fastened to, joined to; ef hapt er a. hrossi, Grág. i. 436; eldhúsit var á. útibúrinu, Nj. 75; þær (the comets) eru á. himni, Rb. 478: metaph., andligum hlutum áfastar, connected with, H. E. i. 511.
a. n. defective, faulty.
n. adj. defective, faulty, Nj. 49, Barl. 74: with gen., mikils er á., H. E. i. 244.
n. calamity; standa undir ~, to be under great hardship; hvert á. jarl hafði veitt honum, what penalties the earl had laid on him.
n. a hardship, shock, calamity; þat á. (spell) hafði legit á því fólki, at hver kona fæddi dauðan frumburð sinn er hon ól, Mar. 656; afskaplig á., Stj. 90 (also of a spell); þreynging ok á., 121; með hversu miklu á. (injustice) Sigurðr konungr vildi heimta þetta mál af honum, Hkr. iii. 257; standa undir á., to be wider great lordship, Fms. iv. 146, vi. 147; með miklu á. (of insanity), vii. 150; þeir vóru sex vetr í þessu á., viz. in bondage, x. 225; hvert á. jarl hafði veitt honum, what penalties the earl bad laid upon him, Orkn. 284, Fms. iv. 310.
β. damnation, condemnation, = áfall; nú vil ek at þú snúir eigi svá skjótt málinu til áfellis honum, Band. 4.
COMPD: áfellisdómr.
pp. intoxicating (~ mjöðr, drykkr).
adj. part. [fá á, to lay hold on, to intoxicate], intoxicating, used of drinks, cp. the Engl. ‘stinging ale;’ mjöðr, Edda 76; drykkr, Fms. viii. 447; vin, Stj. 409, Joh. 84.
a. intoxicating (~ mjöðr, drykkr).
adj. now more freq., id., Hkr. i. 244, Bárð. 174.
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adj. eager, (mod.)
n. pl. brawl fighting.
n. pl. [fljúgast á], a brawl, fighting, Fms. vi. 361.
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m., Vm. 157, of right of laying up fish.
n. arrangement.
n. a design, purpose, H. E. ii. 167, in a deed of the 14th century, (Lat. word.)
(að), v. to arrange about a thing (um e-t).
að, prop. to form, mould; steina sem úðr höfðu þeir áformat, Stj. 562, I Kings v. 17 (‘hewn stones’). In mod. usage only metaph. to design, perform, Fas. iii. 449; verðu vér at á. (design) ok ræða, Fms. vii. 89; á. um e-t, því mundi hann þetta hafa vakit, at hann mundi á. vilja um gleðins … carry it out, vi. 342, Pass. 7. 2.
adv. forward, onward;
féll hann ~, on the face;
komst aldri lengra ~ fyrir honum um skáldskapinn, he never got any further in his verse making;
héldu þeir ~ leiðina, they held forward on their way.
adv.
α. loc. with the face downward, forward; fell hann á., on the face, Nj. 253, Vd. 52, Grett. 99 new Ed.
β. temp. along, forward (rare); haun er nú með jarli sumarit á., he is now with the earl till late in the summer, Finnb. 274.
γ. further on; komst aldri lengra á. fyrir honum um skáldskapinn, be never got any further on with his poem, Fms. iii. 102; héldu þeir á. leiðina, they held forward on their way, Ó. T. 31. In mod. usage freq. with verbs denoting to go, move; halda, ganga … áfram, to go on.
prep. from, = frá (á. þeim degi).
= offrá = frá, from, cp. Swed. ifrån.
I)
v. = frýja á e-n.
II)
f. reproach, rebuke.
1. ð, to reprove, blame; áfrý ek þó engan (better engum) yðar, Fas. i. 103.
2. u, f. reproach, scolding, Bs. i. 622.
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and áfýsi, f.
1. = aufusa, gratification, q. v.
2. in mod. usage = exhortation, and áfýsa, t, to exhort, á. e-n til e-s.
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ð, to reproach, Fms. v. 90.
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n. a law term; thus defined, af tveir menn fella einn við jörðu, þá skal aunarr þeirra bæta rétt, því at þat verðr á. at lögum, where it seems to mean unfair dealing, shame, N. G. L. i. 309.
f. = ágangr (veita e-m ágöngu).
u, f. task-work, forced labour, the French corvee, = atverk, q. v.; hón (the church) á tveggja manna á. á hval í Kjölsvík, Vm. 155; veita e-m á., D. N. ii. 133.
m. molestation, annoyance, assault, aggression.
m. aggression, invasion; fyrir á. Skota ok Dana, Eg. 267, Fms. i. 224, iii. 143, Eg. 337.
COMPDS: ágangsmaðr, ágangssamr.
f. barking (at one); abusive language; veita e-m mikla ~, to abuse grossly.
f. [geyja á], barking, metaph. foul language, Gísl. 53; cp. þá geyr hón á þá, 139.
a. acceptable, agreeable.
adj. plausible; görði hann þetta á. fyrir Hæringi, Grett. 149 A, mod. aðgengiligt.
a. n., e-m verðr ~, one is exposed to ágangr.
n. adj. trodden, beaten, of a place or path, Finnb. 336: metaph., e-m verðr á., to be trodden upon; hón byggir her í miðri frændleifð sinni, ok verðr henni því her ekki a., Stj. 613. 2 Kings iv. 13. The mod. use of the phrase e-m verðr á. is to succeed or make progress in a thing.
n. value of a ewe (ær).
n. value of a ewe (ær), Vm. 159, Pm. 40.
a. of a ewe’s value.
adj. of a ewe’s value, Grág. i. 502; cp. kúgildi and kúgildr.
(d), v. refl. to covet, lust after (~ e-t = girnast á e-t).
d and t, dep. to lust after, in a bad sense, with an acc., Fms. i. 76, 223, Orkn. 38; with an inf., Orkn. 6 old Ed.
f.
1) ardent desire, ambition;
2) cupidity, avarice (hann hafði dregit undir sik Finnskattinn með ~).
f. in old writers always for greed of power or passion generally:
α. ambition, Sks. 113 B, Fms. ix. 460; á. ok ofsi, greed and insolence, viii. 195, Stj. 143, 145, 146.
β. passion; ágirndar-logi, Rb. 424; á. blindleiki, bli n d passion (in love), H. E. i. 505, 655 xxx; thirst for revenge, Sks. 739.
γ. since the Reformation it has been exclusively used of avarice or greed of gain; in old writers the signification is more general; we, however, find á. fjár, Hom. 68; hann hafði dregit undir sik Finnskattinn með á., Fms. vii. 129.
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adj. passionate, Sks. 720 B.
f.
1) ambition;
2) greed, cupidity.
f.; used as neut., Mar. 91, O. H. L. 22:
α. = agirnd, ambition; mikit á., great ambition, O. H. L. 1. c., Sks. 343.
β. cupidity; a. manna lofs, Hom. 83; á. áts ok drykkju, 53; fjur, 25, 623. 20; á. fjár ok metnadar, Edda (pref.) 144, 145.
a.
1) ambitious (~ ok fégjarn);
~ til fjár, covetous;
2) impetuous, eager (kappar ~ir ok óhræddir).
adj. ambitious; er eruð ágjarnir heima í héraði ok ranglatir, ambitious and wrongful, Nj. 223, Orkn. 38, 66; á. ok fégjarn, ambitious and covetous, Fms. xi. 294, Hkr. ii. 146; á. til ríkis, iii. 174; á. til fjár, covetous, Fms. xi. 440, Orkn. 66: dauntless, fierce, kappar ugjarnir ok óhræddir, fierce and fearless champions, Fms. x. 179; hógværir í friði sem lamb, en í úfriði á. (fierce) sem leon, viii. 253. The use since the Reformation is solely that of avaricious, greedy after money.
adv.
1) eagerly, vehemently;
2) with greed or cupidity.
adv. insolently, Sks. 450 B.
a. proceeding from cupidity or avarice (ágjarnlig rán).
adj. insolent; á. rán, Sks. 336, 509 B, 715.
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að, to be hooked, Ísl. Þjóðs. i. 133.
m. gain, profit, benefit.
a, m. gain, profit, benefit, D. I. i. 476, Ísl. ii. 432 (freq.)
COMPD: ágóðahlutr.
n., in the phrase, lítill ~um, small of size.
n. [grípa á, to touch], in the phrase, lítill ágripum, small of size, D. N. iv. 99.
β. at present ágrip means a compendium, abridgement, epitome.
(-tta, -ttr), v. to praise or commend highly.
tt, to laud, praise highly, Ld. 220, Fms. vi. 71.
n. glory, fame, renown, excellence;
in pl., glorious deeds (mikil ~ vóru sögð af Gunnari);
gera e-t at ágætum, to praise highly.
n. renown, glory, excellence; göra e-t til ágætis sér, as a glory to himself, Fms. xi. 72, 109; reyna á. e-s, to put one on his trial, 142; þú hyggr at engu öðru en ákafa einum ok á., o nly bent upon rushing on and shewing one’s prowess, 389; vegr ok á., fame and glory, Fas. i. 140, Sks. 241. In pl. glorious deeds; mikil á. vóni sögð frá Gunnari, Nj. 41: in the phrase, göra e-t at ágætum, to laud, praise highly, Fms. viii. 139, vii. 147: in the proverb, hefir hverr til sins ágætis nokkuð, every one’s fame rests upon some deed of his own, no one gets his fame for naught, the context implies, a n d thou ha s t done what will make thee famous, Nj. 116.
2. in COMPDS ágætis- and ágæta- are prefixed to a great many words, esp. in mod. use, to express something capital, excellent; ágæta-skjótr, adj. very swift, Fms. vii. 169; ágæta-vel, adv. excellently well, Nj. 218: and even to substantives, e. g. ágæta-gripr and ágætis-gripr, m. a capital thing, Fms. ix. 416, x. 254, Ld. …
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m. = ágætismaðr, ágætr maðr.
m. a goodly man, O. H. L. 55 (rare).
adv. capitally.
adv. capitally, Fms. i. 136, vi. 307, Boll. 346, Sks. 623.
a. excellent, goodly.
adj. excellent, goodly, Fms. ii. 300, x. 223, 231, xi. 396, Sks. 622, Hom. 132, Ver. 42.
a. famous, excellent; ~ höfðingi, excellent chief; ágætir gimsteinar, noble gems.
adj. [v. the words above, from á- intens. and geta—gat—gátu, to get and to record; the old etymology in glossaries of the last century from the Greek αγαθός cannot be admitted], famous, goodly, excellent; á. maðr um allt land, Nj. 106; á. at afli, Edda 19; ágætir gimsteinar, precious stones, Fms. i. 15; á. skjöldr, Eg. 705; compar, mun hann verða ágætari (more famous) en allir þínir frændr, Fms. i. 256; superl., ágætaztr, Nj. 282, Eg. 311; ágæztr, contr., Edda 5, Íb. 14, Fms. vii. 95, Greg. 53. In the Landn. ‘maðr ágætr’ is freq. used in a peculiar sense, viz. a noble man, nearly synonymous to gæðingr in the Orkneys, or hersir in Norway, e. g. 143, 149, 169, 190, 198, 201, 203, 279, 281, 308, 312; hersir á., 173, etc.; cp. also Kristni S. ch. I.
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f. gain, profit, = ávöxtr; til sölu ok á., for sale and profit, Bs. i. 426.
n.
1) laying hold of, esp. in pl., fighting, brawl; verða áhöld með mönnum, they come to a tussle;
2) possession; veita e-u ~ or áhöld, to take possession of;
3) hafa áhöld við e-m um e-t, to be equal to (match for) one in a thing.
n., prop. laying hand on:
1. used esp. in pl. áhöld = brawl, fight, Eb. 152, Fas. i. 92; verða á. með mönnum, they came toa tussle, Sturl. iii. 262, Bs. 1. 635: the phrase, hafa eingi úhöld við e-m, to have no power of resistance, to have so great odds against one that there is no chance, Eg. 261: hence comes probably the popular phrase, áhöld eru um e-t, when matters are pretty nearly equal.
2. sing. very rare, to keep back; veita e-m á., Niðrst. 3.
β. veita, göra á. um e-t, to claim the right of holding; hann görði á. um Halland, be claimed H., Fms. x. 70, v. l.; honum þótti leikdómrinn meira á. hafa á kirkjum en klerkdómrinn, … had a stronger claim or title, Bs. i. 750, 696, Fms. x. 393.
(að), v. refl. to become entangled.
að, dep. [hönk, a bank or coil], in the phrase, e-m á., one gets the worst of it. But it is twisted to another sense in the dream of king Harold, Fms. vi. 312. Shortly before the battle at the river Niz, the king dreamt that king Sweyn pulled the hank of rope out of his hand,—réðu svá flestir at Sveinn mundi fá þat er þeir keptust um, þá mælti Hákon jarl: vera má at svá sé, en vænna þyki mér at Sveini konungi muni áhankast, most men read it so that S. would win the prize of contest, then said earl H.: well that may be so, but it seems more likely to me that king S. will be caught.
n. invocation, vow.
n. mostly or always in pl. vows to a god, saint, or the like, invocations, Hkr. i. 14, ii. 386; hón (the goddess Freyja) er nákvæmust mönnum til áheita, Edda 16, Bs. i. 134.
β. sing. in a peculiar sense; meir af nauðsyn en af áheiti, more of impulse than as a free vow, Magn. 534.
(-nda, -ndr), v. to lay hands upon, seize.
d, to lay hands upon, seize; finna ok á., Grág. ii. 311: part. pass. áhendr, as adj. within reach; þeir vóru svá langt komnir at þeir urðu eigi áhendir, … out of reach, Sturl. ii. 185, Eg. 160; þau urðu á., they were seized, Ld. 152.
pr. p. within hearing, listening; at öllum boðsmönnum áheyröndum, in the hearing (presence) of all the guests.
part. within hearing, present, Grág. ii. 143, Fms. i. 248.
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adv. worth hearing, Fms. i. 74.
a. worth hearing, well soundin.
adj. worth hearing, well sounding, Nj. 77, Fms. i. 141; á. orð, fine words, Orkn. 454.
adv. within hearing, in one’s hearing.
adv. within hearing, Bs. i. 771.
a. indecl., verða e-s ~, to get to know by hearing.
and á-heyrsla, adj. ind., verða e-s á., to get to hear, hear the rumour of, Sturl. i. 22, Orkn. 278, Fms. ii. 295.
n.
1) onset, attack, incursion; gera e-t með ~um, to do a thing, impetuously;
2) leaping, covering (of animals).
n. mostly in pl. onsets, onfalls, attacks; veita e-m á., Eg. 284; við áhlaupum (incursions) Dana, Fms. i. 28; at eigi veitti hann þau á. í bræði sinni, at geig sætti, Post. 686 B.
β. a carnal assault, Stj. 71: metaph., með svá stórum áhlaupum, so impetuously, Fms. ix. 252.
COMPD: áhlaupamaðr.
a. impetuous, vehement.
adj. rash, Sks. 383, 437.
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dd, dep. to listen or give ear to; á. við e-t, to agree with, Fs. 141; en er þeir fundu at hann vildi eigi á. við frændr sína, when they found that he turned a deaf ear to his kinsmen, Eb. 7 new Ed., v. l., perhaps the right reading, v. öðlast.
a. giving a willing ear, listening readily (á. um e-t, til e-s); ekki á., obstinate, self-willed.
adj. giving a willing ear, listening readily; ekki á., obstinate, self-willed, Fms. vi. 431; á. um fjártökur, greedy of gain, vii. 209, where, however, the Morkinsk. (p. 337) reads, á. um fortölur, easy to persuade, which suits the context better; á. til grimleiks, Fms. x. 380, Thom. 28.
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n. influence, (mod.)
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n. [hrína á, of spells], used in the COMPD áhrins-orð, n. pl., esp. of spells that come true, in the phrase, verða at áhrinsorðum, spells or prophecies that prove true, Þórð. 81, Fas. ii. 432.
m.
1) intention, mind; e-m er e-t í áhuga, one intends to do a thing;
2) eagerness (ekki skortir ykkr áhuga);
3) mind, opinion (eigi er því at leyna, hverr minn á. er um þetta);
4) care, solicitude, áhyggja;
5) devotion; biðja þeir goðm með miklum áhuga, fervently.
a, m., prop. intention, mind; með þeim á. at …, transl. of Lat. intentio, Hom. 80, 655 xxiii; ok nú segir hann öllum hver fyrirætlun hans (honum?) er í áhuga, … what he is minded to do, Ísl. ii. 355.
β. eagerness, impulse of the mind (now freq. in that sense); ekki skortir ykkr á., Nj. 137.
γ. mind, opinion; eigi er því at leyna, hverr minn á. er um þetta, ek hygg …, Fær. 199.
δ. care, solicitude, = áhyggja, Fms. ii. 146.
COMPDS: áhugafullr, áhugalítill, áhugamaðr, áhugamikill, áhugasamt, áhugaverðr.
f. care, concern, anxiety;
bera áhyggju fyrir e-m, to be concerned about;
fær þat honum mikillar áhyggju ok reiði, it causes him much concern and anger.
u, f. care, concern, Hrafn. 12; bera á. fyrir, to be concerned about, Gþl. 44; fær þat honum mikillar á. ok reiði, concern and anger, Nj. 174, Bret. 24: pl. cares, Hákon hafði svá miklar áhyggjur um vetrinn, at hann lagðist í rekkju, Fms. i. 82.
COMPDS: áhyggjufullr, áhyggjulauss, áhyggjumikill, áhyggjusamligr, áhyggjusamr, áhyggjusvipr, áhyggjuyflrbragð.
(að), v. refl., á. e-t or um e-t, to be concerned about, take care or thought for.
að, á. um e-t, to be anxious about, Stj. 443, Róm. 307.
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u, f. risk, Vd. 144 old Ed.; cp. Fs. 57; (now freq.)
f.
1) frreight or loading of a ship;
2) luggage.
f. the freight or loading of a ship, Fas. ii. 511: used to express a kind of tonnage; tíu skippund í lest, tólf lestir í á., 732. 16: luggage, Jb. 377, 394, 408: cp. Pál Vídal. s. v.
n. slaughter of a ewe (ær).
f. slaughter of a ewe, Sturl. i. 69, 70 C, Ed. ærhögg.
(að), v. refl., to be vehement, eager;
~ á e-t, to busy oneself eagerly with a thing.
að, dep. to be eager, vehement; á. á e-t, Fær. 262 (cp. Fb. ii. 40), Fms. xi. 20: absol., Bret. 14, 60.
m. eagerness, vehemence; með ákafa miklum, vehemently; í ákafa, eagerly, impetuously; the gen. ‘ákafa’ is prefixed to a great many adjectives and to some substantives, in the sense of in a high degree, very; ákafa fagr, very beautiful; ákafa reiðr, very angry, furious; ákafa drífa, a heavy snow-drift.
a, m. [ákafr], eagerness, vehemence; þá görðist svá mikill á. á, at …, it went to such an excess, that…, Nj. 62, Fms. i. 35, xi. 389; með á. miklum, vehemently, Eg. 457; í ákafa, adverbially, eagerly, impetuously, Nj. 70, Fms. xi. 117.
2. the gen. ákafa is prefixed,
α. to a great many adjectives, in the sense of a high degree, very, e. g. á. reiðr, furious, Fms. vii. 32, x. 173; á. fjölmennr, very numerous, Ísl. ii. 171; á. fögr, beautiful (of Helena), Ver. 25.
β. to some substantives; á. Drífa, a heavy snow drift, Sturl. iii. 20; á. maðr, an eager, hot, pushing man, Eg. 3, Fms. i. 19, vii. 257, Grett. 100 A: in this case the ákafa may nearly be regarded as an indecl. adjective.
m. eagerness, vehemence.
m. eagerness, vehemence, Fms. x. 324.
adv.
1) vehemently, impetuously; fara ~, to rush on; biðja ~, to pray ferevently;
2) very, exceedingly (~ reiðr).
adv. vehemently, impetuously; of motion, such as riding, sailing; fara á., to rush on, Fms. ix. 366; sem ákafligast, in great speed, at a great rate, Eg. 160, 602; also, biðja á., to pray fervently.
2. very, Fær. 238, Fms. x. 308, Ld. 222.
a. vehement, hot (~ bardagi, ákaflig reiði).
adj. hot, vehement; ú. bardagi, orosta, styrjöld, Fms. x. 308, 656 B. 10.
n. a hot, impetuous temper.
n. a hot, impetuous temper, Hkr. ii. 237.
a. hot-tempered, impetuous.
adj. impetuous, Fms. viii. 447.
a. vehement, fierce (~ bardagi); þenna dag var veizlan allra áköfust, at the highest pitch; neut. as adv., kalla ákaft á Bárð, to pray to B. fervently; ríða sem ákafast, to ride at a furious pace.
adj. [cp. A. S. caf, promptus, velox, and ‘á-’ intens., cp. af D. II.], vehement, fiery; á. bardagi, a hot fight, Fms. xi. 95: of whatever is at its highest point, þenna dag var veizlan (the banquet) allra áköfust, 331; vellan sem áköfust, Nj. 247: ardent, svá var ákaft um vináttu þeirra, at …, 151: neut. as adv., kalla ákaft á Bárð, to pray to B. fervently, Bárð. 169; ríða sem ákafast, to ride at a furious rate, Eg. 602; búast sem á., 86; en þeir er eptir Agli vóru sóttu ákaft, … pulled hard, 362.
n.
1) calling upon, invocation (á. á nafn guðs);
2) clamour, shouting;
3) claim, demand (á. til e-s, to a thing).
n.
1. a calling upon, invocation; á. á nafn Guðs, 656 B. 10, Sks. 310, Bs. i. 180.
β. clamour, shouting; af orðum þeirra ok ákalli, Fms. xi. 117, Orkn. 344 old Ed., new Ed. 402 reads kall: esp. a war cry, Fms. ix. 510.
2. a claim, demand; veita á. til e-s, Eg. 470, Hkr. ii. 195, Fms. ix. 433, xi. 324, Orkn. 20 old Ed.; cp. new Ed. 54, Korm. 110.
COMPD: ákallslauss.
n. an inportunate, urgent request (cf. kalls).
n. an importunate, urgent request, Fms. ii. 268, vi. 239.
n.
1) throwing upon, casting at;
2) fig., assault (á. óhreins anda);
3) pl. taunts.
n. a throwing upon, casting at, Sks. 410: metaph. an assault, á. djöfla, Hom. 14: plur. taunts, Sturl. i. 21.
COMPD: ákastasamr.
f. casting upion.
f. casting upon, Js. 42.
f. = ákafi (vægiliga en eigi með ~).
f. = ákafi; vægilega en eigi með á., Fms. vi. 29, vii. 18, x. 237, K. Á. 202, Sks. 154.
COMPD: ákefðarorð.
f.
1) smack, savour (hafa á. e-s or af e-u);
2) slight reprimand (gera e-m á.).
f.
1. in the phrase, hafa á. e-s or af e-u, to have a smack of a thing, to savour of, Bs. i. 134.
2. a slight reprimand, (kenna á., to feel sore); göra e-m á., to administer a slight reprimand, Sturl. i. 70, Bs. i. 341, in the last passage it is used as masc.
n. right of pre-emption.
n. the right of pre-emption, a law term, Fr.
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að, to accuse, (mod. word.)
f. accusation, charge.
and áklögun, f. an accusation, charge, Bs. i. 856.
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n. a carpet, covering, Pm. 109.
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n. hurt, metaph. shame, Konr. MS.
a. round as a ball.
adj. spherical, Sks. 630 B; cp. ávalr.
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a doubtful reading, Eg. 47, v. l. for áþján, bondage: ákúrur, f. pl., means in mod. usage reprimands: in the phrase, veita e-m á., to scold, esp. of reprimands given to a youth or child.
f.
1) touch; úfriðar ~, visitation of war;
2) hurt, wound.
mod. ákoma, u, f.
1. coming, arrival; úfriðar á., visitation of war, Stj. 561.
2. but esp. a hurt received from a blow, a wound, = áverki, Nj. 99, Fms. ii. 67, Gþl. 168: medic. of a disease of the skin, an eruption, Fél. ix. 186, esp. on the lips, v. áblástr.
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kvað, to fix; part, ákveðinn, fixed, Orkn. 10; á. orð, marked, pointed words, Bjarn. 57, Fbr. 72, 73.
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kvaddi, = ákveða, Bs. i. 773; ákveddi is perhaps only a misspelling for ákvæði.
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m. a verdict against, perhaps to be read bera á kviðu (acc. pl.) separately, Bs. i. 439.
n. decision, verdict; með ákvæðum, expressly.
n.
1. an uttered opinion; mun ek nú segja yðr hvat mitt á. er, Nj. 189, Sturl. i. 65 C; Ed. atkvæði (better): a command, Stj. 312, 208; með ákvæðum, expressly, Sks. 235: cp. atkvæði.
2. in popular tales and superstition it is specially used of spells or charms: cp. Lat. fatum from fari; cp. also atkvæði: the mod. use prefers ákvæði in this sense, hence ákvæða-skáld, n. a spell-skald, a poet whose words have a magical power, also called kraptaskald; v. Ísl. Þjóðs. I, where many such poets are mentioned; indeed any poet of mark was believed to possess the power to spell-bind with his verses; cp. The tales about Orpheus.
COMPDS: ákvæðisteigr, ákvæðisverk.
adv. on a visit.
adv. on a visit, Sd. 158.
I)
(-ða, -ðr), v. to complain of.
II)
f. charge, complaint (bera ákæru á e-n).
1. ð, to accuse, (mod. word.)
2. u, f. a charge, accusation, Bs. i. 852.
COMPDS: ákærulauss, ákærumaðr.
f. = ákæra.
u, f. = ákæra, Fr. ákærslu-lauss = ákærulauss, id.
n.
1) esp. pl., álög, impost, tax, burden;
2) visitation, tribulation;
3) law term, additional fine;
4) spell, charm.
n. and álaga, u, f. [leggja á]; in some cases, esp. dat. pl., it is often difficult to decide to which of these two forms a case may belong; they are therefore best taken together. In the neut. pl. the notion of spell, in the fem. pl. that of tax, burden, hardship prevails. In sing. both of them are very much alike in sense.
I. fem. pl. a tax, burden, burdensome impost; sagði at bændr vildi eigi hafa frekari álög (álögur?) af konungi en forn lög stæði til, Fms. xi. 224; undan þessum hans álögum … liggja undir slíkum álögum, tyranny, yoke, Bárð. ch. 2; gangit til ok hyggit at landsmenn, at ganga undir skattgjafar Ólafs konungs ok allar álögur, burdens, taxes, Fms. iv. 282, in the famous speech of Einar þveræing, (Ó. H. ch. 134; bað jarl vægja möunum um álögur, Fms. iv. 216; jarl hélt með freku öllum álögum, Orkn. 40; hvárt mun konungr sá ekki kunna hóf um álögur ok harðleiki við menn, Fms. vi. 37; þórstcinn kvað ekki um at leita, at Þórðr kæmist undan neinum álögum, burdens, oppressive conditions, Bjarn. 72.
2. a law term, an additional fine; með álögum ok leigum, duties and rents, Grág. …
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að, to blame, with dat. of the person.
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and álösun, f., and álas, n. a reprimand, rebuke, Vígl. 25.
adv.
1) onwards forwards (fóru ~ til skipa sinna);
vildu snúa ~ för sinni, proceed on their journey;
fig., koma e-u ~, to bring about;
víkja ~ með e-m, to side with one;
2) on the right path, opp. to afleiðis;
snúa e-m ~, to convert one.
adv. on the right path, opp. to afleiðis; (leið) snúa e-m á., metaph., 655 xiii. B; snú þeim á. er þú hefir áðr vilta, id.
β. forwards, onwards; fóru á. til skipa, Fms. 1. 136; snúa ferð á., to go on (now, halda áfram), Korm. 232, K. Þ, K. 94 B: metaph., koma e-u á., to bring a thing about, Hkr. i. 169, iii. 104; koma e-u til á., id., Fas. i. 45 (corrupt reading); snúa e-u á., to improve, Bs. i. 488; víkja á. með e-m, to side with, Sturl. iii. 91.
f. pertness.
f. a pertness, Grett. 139 (Ed.)
m. trick.
m. [leika á], a trick, Grett. 139 C.
a. having got the worst of the game.
adj. ind. who had got the worst of the game, Bret.
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part. assailed, Stj. 255.
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f. = áleitni, Fr.
a. aggressive.
adj. pettish, Fms. ii. 120, Orkn. 308.
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adj. reprehensible, Greg. 26.
f.
1) aggressiveness (á. við e-n);
2) blame, censure.
f. a pettish disposition, Fms. vii. 165, Sturl. ii. 228, Fs. 8; eigi fyrir á. sakar heldr góðvilja, Al. 129, 153; spott Þórðar ok á., invectives, Bjarn. 3, Joh. 623. 19.
adv. for the future (engum friði heit ek þér á.).
adv. along; engum friði heit ek þér á., Fms. iii. 156; eigi vildi hann vist hans þar á., he should not be staying along there, i. e. there, Grett. 129 A, Sturl. iii. 42.
β. now used loc. far off, aloof, Lat. procul.
adv.
1) for the future, always (þessi illvirki skyldi eigi á. úhefnd vera);
2) furthermore;
3) á. er, as soon as (~ er hann er sextán vetra).
adv. [cp. Engl. along], continuously; þessi illvirki skyldi eigi á. úhefnd vera, Bs. i. 533; á. er, as soon as; á. er goðar koma í setr sínar, þá …, Grág. i. 8; á. er hann er sextan vetra, 197: ú. svá sem þeir eru búnir, in turn as soon as they are ready, 61.
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adj. Part. far-spent, of time; dagr, Grett. 99 A; sumar, Orkn. 448, Ld. 14.
n.
1) aspect, appearance, countenance (vænn at áliti, fagr álitum, døkkr álits);
2) view, consideration, reflection; með skjótum álitum, without mature consideration; eigi með nógum álitum, inconsiderately; gøra e-t at álitum, to take into consideration;
3) opinion, judgement (at réttsýnna manna áliti).
n. [líta á], prop. a view:
I. aspect, appearance, esp that of a person’s face, gait, etc.; vænn at áliti, fair, gentle of aspect, Nj. 30; fagr álitum, Edda 5, Eluc. 35, Bær. 7: of other animate or inanimate objects, dökkr álits, black of aspect, Fms. vi. 229; eigi réttr álits, crooked, not straight (of a broken leg), Bs. i. 743; smíði fagrt áliti, Hom. 128: the whole form, shape, hvert á. sem hann hefði, Fms. xi. 433; hann hafði ymsa manna á. eða kykvenda, Post. 656 C. 26.
II. of a mind, a view, thought, consideration, reflection; með áliti ráðsmanna, Fms. Vii. 139; með skjótu áliti, at a glance, Sks. 3: esp. in pl., þú ferr með góðum vilja en eigi með nógum álitum, inconsiderately, Lv. 38; meir með ákefð en álitum, Stj. 454. Hom. 24; gjöra e-t at álitum, to take a matter into (favourable) consideration, Nj. 3, Lv. 16.
2. in mod. use, opinion; does not occur in old writers (H. E. i. 244 it means authority), where there is always some additional notion of reflection, consideration. Compds such as almennings-álit, n., public opinion, are of mod. …
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adv. becomingly, respectably, pretty well.
adv. civilly (but not heartily); tók hann þeim á., he received them pretty well, Fms. x. 132; for allt á. með þeim en eigi sem þá er blíðast var, ix. 454, Bjarn. 8.
2. in the present usage, considerably, to a high amount, etc.
a. deliberate.
adj., Lat. consideratus, Hom. 28.
2. considerable, respectable, (mod.)
f. consideration (á. himnaríkis fagnaðar).
f. = álit, Thom. 259.
a. like, resembling.
adj. like, resembling, Sks. 164: á-líka, adv. alike, nearly as.
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leit, to consider, (mod.)
(gen. -s or -ar), m.
1) serious bodily injury that leaves a mark, wilfully inflicted;
2) contumelious language (mæla áljót).
m. [ljótr, deformis], gen. s and ar, dat. áljóti; a law term, a serious bodily injury that leaves marks, wilfully inflicted; only once, Grág. ii. 146, used of a libellous speech; áljótsráð is the intention to inflict áljót, and is distinguished from fjörráð (against one’s life), sárráð, and drepráð, Grág. ii. 127, 117, 146; áljótr eðr bani, i. 497; áljótsráð, as well as fjörráð, if carried out in action, was liable to the greater out-lawry (ii. 127), but áljótr, in speech, only to the lesser, and this too even if the charge proved to be true; ef maðr bregðr manni brigslum, ok mælir áljót, þótt hann segi satt, ok varðar fjörbaugsgarð, ii. 146; an intended áljótsráð, if not carried into effect, was also only liable to the lesser out-lawry, 127: every one was to be brought to trial for the actual, not the intended injury; as, vice versa, a man was tried for murder, if the wound proved mortal (ben), though he only intended to inflict a blow (drep) or wound (sár), 117; cp. also i. 493.
COMPDS: áljótseyrir, áljótsráð.
a. bending forwards, stooping (cf. lútr).
adj. louting forwards, stooping, Thom. 201.
f. slander, calumny.
n. slander, Glúm. 340, Fær. 203.
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u, f. the loop (lykkja) in the letter a, Skálda 171.
f. issue, decision.
f. issue, decision, Gþl. 23.
COMPDS: ályktardómr, ályktarorð, ályktarvitni.
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að, to conclude, (mod. word.)
f. conclusion, final decision.
f. conclusion, final decision, Sturl. iii, 179.
a. indecl. in heat (of a mare).
adj. ind. at heat, of a mare, Grág. i. 427.
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að, to beg or claim gently, Gþl. 370.
(-ta, -tr), v. to admonish.
t, to admonish.
f.
1) admonition, warning; the act of reminding one (of something);
2) recollection (á. allra synda).
f. warning, admonition, reproof; áðr menn urðu til á. við hann um þetta mál, … reminded him, called it into his recollection, Fms. xi. 286, Sks. 335; fjandans á., instigation, Fms. viii. 54; heilsusamligar á., vi. 281; Guðs á., Ver. 6, Stj. 116; var þó mörg á. (many foreboding symptoms) áðr þessa lund for …; góðrar áminningar, beatae memoriae (rare), H. E. i. 514.
COMPDS: áminningarmaðr, áminningarorð, áminningarvísa.
a. like (á. e-m).
adj. [á- intens. and munr, mens], eager, only in poetry; á. augu, piercing, greedy eyes, Vkv. 16; and á. e-m, eager for revenge, in a bad sense, Hkv. 2. 9; the explanation given in Lex. Poët. and p. 43 is to be cancelled; the word means like, equal, resembling; ámun ero augu ormi þeim enum frána, the eyes are like the flashing serpent’s. Vkv. 16; ámunir ossum niðjum, like to our kinsmen, Hkv. 2. 9. This sense is clearly seen from an old Icel. hymn of the 17th century,—nyti eg ei náðar þinnar … yrði rás æfi minnar ámynt og skuggi rýr, but for thy grace the race of my life would be like a vain shadow, Hymn-book (1746, p. 448).
COMPD: ámunsaurar.
(-ta, -t), v. to blame (á. e-m fyrir e-t).
t, to blame; á. e-m fyrir e-t, Eg. 164, Nj. 14, Hkr. ii. 285, Orkn. 430: part, ámælandi, as subst., a reprover, Post. 645. 61.
n. blame, reproof, reproach; leggja e-m e-t til ~s, to reproach one for, or with, a thing.
n. blame, reproof, Nj. 33, 183, Ísl. ii. 338, Fs. 40, El. 22.
COMPDS: ámælislaust, ámælisorð, ámælissamt, ámælisskor, ámœlisverðr.
f.
1) oppression, constraint;
2) bondage;
3) straits, hardship (also in pl.).
f. bondage, oppression; á. ok þrælkun, Fms. x. 224, v. 75: in pl. ánauðir, imposts, x. 399, 416, 129 (grievances), Sks. 61 (where sing.)
COMPDS: ánauðarok, ánauðarvist.
(að), v.
1) to reduce to bondage, to enslave (á. e-m);
2) to oppress.
að, to oppress, Js. 13, Gþl. 44.
a. oppressed, enslaved.
adj. oppressed, enslaved, Hkr. i. 40, Grág. ii. 292, N. G. L. i. 341, Sks. 463.
(-da, -dr), v. to name, appoint (á. dag til orrustu).
d, to appoint, name, Jb. 161 B, Fms. i. 199, ix. 330.
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að, dep. to be entangled in a net; metaph., á. e-u, Bs. i. 141.
(-dda, -ddr), v. to force, subject by force.
dd, to force, subject, Sks. 621 B.
f. resting, baiting; cf. æja.
f. [æja, ái-], resting, baiting, Grág. ii. 233.
f. ewe’s milk, = ær-nyt.
f. ewe’s milk, = ærnyt, Landn. 197.
(að), v. to renew.
ð or að, to renew, Sturl. iii. 39.
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1. u, f. pleasure, satisfaction, formed as the Germ. vergnügen; mod. word, not occurring in old writers.
2. ð, impers., prop. to be enough, and so to content, satisfy; eptir því sem oss ánægir, Dipl. v. 9: part. ánægðr is now in Icel. used as an adj. pleased, content.
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að, to effect, (mod.)
f. assault, attack, ááhlaup.
f. assault, attack, Fms. i. 63, ix. 372.
charge of cavalry, invasion of horsemen.
f. a charge of cavalry, Hkr. iii. 162, Fms. vii. 56: an invasion of horsemen, x. 413: at present a law term, a visitation or inspection by sworn franklins as umpires, esp. in matters about boundaries.
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adj. trustworthy, (mod.)
m. inducement.
m. [reita, Germ. reizen], inducement, Finnb. 310.
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adj. grasping after, Ld. 318, v. l.: now in Icel. pettish; and áreitni, f. pettishness.
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adj., in the phrase, eigi á., hard or unpleasant to face.
f., a kind of salmon.
f. [á acc. of ær, and reyðr], salmo laevis femina, Fél. i. 13, Landn. 313.
f. smearing, rubbing (cf. ríða á’).
u, f. a smearing, rubbing, [ríða á], medic., Bs. i. 611.
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part. important, (mod.)
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dd, to dare, have the courage to do, to attack, cp. ráða á., Sturl. iii. 256.
n.
1) attack; veita e-m á., to talk;
2) courage, daring, pluck.
n. courage, daring, pluck, Eg. i, Korm. 242, Al. 9, Nj. 258, Ísl. ii. 325: attack, veita e-m á., to attack, Hom. 113.
COMPDS: áræðisfullr, áræðislítill, áræðismaðr, áræðismikill, áræðisraun, áræðissnarr.
a.
1) likely, probable;
2) daring, dangerous;
3) ekki áræðiligt, not easy to face.
adj. and -liga, adv. [ráða, to guess], likely, probable, Glúm. 385, Gísl. 60, Clem. 28.
β. daring, dangerous, Fas. iii. 165.
γ. ekki áræðiligt = ekki árenniligt, not easy to face, Fms. viii. 64.
a. daring, enterprising.
adj. daring, Sks. 299.
(að), v. to accuse, reproach (opp. to afsaka).
að, to accuse, censure; with acc., Fms. ii. 174, Bs. i. 786, Stj. 129, H. E. i. 500.
f. charge censure.
and ásökun, f. a charge, censure, Fms. ii. 225, H. E. i. 404.
COMPDS: ásakanarefni, ásakanarorð.
m. accuser, adversary.
a, m. an accuser, Th. 76.
adv.
1) vera á., to be together, esp. of married people;
2) koma á, to agree; þau kómu vel á., they lived happily together.
adv. along with:
1. loc., in the phrase, vera á., to be together (now saman), esp. of married people, Sturl. 199, Fms. i. 198, cp. Skm. 7.
β. koma á., to agree, (in mod. usage, koma vel, illa, saman, to be on good, bad terms); þat kom lítt á., they disagreed, Fms. iv. 369; þau kómu vel á., they lived happily together, of married people, Nj. 25, (in mod. usage, þeim kom vel saman); kómu allar ræður á. með þeim, Eg. 750; svá sem þeim kemr á. (impers.), as is agreed on by them, Jb. 116.
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dep. to prove true, (mod. word.)
m. ewe; coll. ewes.
ar, m. a ewe, Dipl. v. 10, Hrafn. 6, 8, Vm. 9.
a. sprinkling, fig., of a snow storm.
n. a sprinkling, metaph. of a snow storm, Sturl. iii. 20.
pp. agreed, having come to terms (á. um e-t).
adj. part. agreed upon, Edda 10, Grág. i. 1.
f.
1) sitting upon;
2) tenure of a farm (~ á jörd).
u, f. a sitting upon, settlement, esp. = ábúð, tenure of a farm, Bs. i. 730. ásetu-garðr, m. (Icel. ábýlisjörð), a tenant’s farm, D. N. iv. 581 (Fr.)
f. laying on, putting on (á. stólunnar).
f. a putting on, laying on; á. stolunnar, the investment of…, Fms. iii. 168: in mod. usage, masc. ásetningr, purpose, design; and also ásetja, tt, to design.
f. sailing upon.
f. a sailing upon, Gþl. 518, N. G. L. i. 65, ii. 283.
I)
(gen. ásjár), f.
1) help, aid, protection (biðja e-n ásjár);
2) superintendence, inspection;
3) appearance, shape.
II)
a. handsome, pretty.
(old form ásjó, Niðrst. 5, Hom. 35), f., gen. ásjá, the mod. gen. úsjár seems only to occur in late or even paper MSS.
I. a looking after, help, protection; ætla til ásjá, to hope for it, Lv. 75, Ld. 42, Fms. i. 289; biðja e-n ásjá, to ask one for help, protection, Nj. 26 (Ed. ásjár prob. wrongly); sækja e-n til ásjá, to seek one’s help, Bs. i. 82 (ásjár the paper MSS.)
β. superintendence, inspection; með spekiráðum ok á., Fms. x. 178; með á. Magnúss konungs, Js. 23, Hom. 35.
II. one’s look, appearance, shape, Fms. i. 97; í manns ásjó, in the shape of man, Niðrst. 5 (= ásýnd).
COMPD: ásjámál.
a. handsome, pretty.
adj. handsome, pretty, Ísl. ii. 208, Art. 98.
f. superintendence, inspection = ásýn.
f. superintendence, inspection, Js. 46; gen. ásjónar, used as adv. = eye’s view (= sjónhending), in a straight direction, Vm. 135.
f.
1) countenance, look; kvenna vænst bæði at ásjónu (appearance) ok vitsmunum; greppligr í ásjónu, ugly-looking;
2) form, shape (andi drottins í dúfu ásjónu).
(ásjána older form, Ld. 122, Niðrst. 6), u, f. one’s look, aspect, countenance; líkami Njáls ok á., Nj. 208; kvenna vænst bæði at ásjánu (appearance) ok vitsmunum, Ld. 122; greppligr í á., ugly looking, Fms. i. 155; yfirbragð ok á., 216, Greg. 45.
β. form, shape; í þræls ásjánu (in form like a slave) festr á kross, Niðrst. 6; andi Drottins í dúfu á., in form like a dove, 686 B. 13; engill í eldligri á., Hom. 81, Eluc. 17.
γ. = Lat. persona; eigi skaltú líta á. í dómi, Hom. 19 (non accipies personam in judicio).
f. chiding, severe reproof (cf. ‘skella á.’).
f. [skella á, to chide], chiding, Niðrst. 6.
m.
1) disagreement, difference;
2) separation; í tvennum áskilnaði, in two different ways.
m. [skilja á, to disagree], discord, Fas. iii. 335, B. K. 121, Stj. 13, 8.
β. separation [skilja, to part], Stj. 130.
f. a pressing request; a challenge.
f. (áskora, u, f., Fagrsk. 171, bad reading?), an earnest request, challenge, Nj. 258, Fs. 22, Boll. 342.
n. shooting at; svá mikil á., at, so hard shooting, that.
(áskaut, Sks. 416; áskeyti, Thom. 83), n. a shot at, only used in pl.; at menn fái eigi mein af áskotum þeirra, by their heavy fire (of arrows), Fms. viii. 201; sva mikil á., at menn megi eigi í vígskörðum vera, so hard shooting that…, Sks. l. c.
m. carving, in wood or stone (~ ok trésmíði).
ar, m. carving, in wood or stone, Bs. i. 680.
β. carving of meat, (mod.)
a. indecl., ~ e-rar íþróttar, experienced, expert in an art; also with dat.
adj. ind., in the phrase, verða e-s á., used in old writers in the sense to learn, of arts or knowledge, á. íþrótta, Fær. 46, Fms. ii. 270, Sks. 25, 53, 573; with dat., Fb. i. 462: now only used of news, to bear, be aware; not of learning, sensû proprio.
pr. p. = áskynja.
part, id., Barl. 24.
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m. an attack; á. djöfuls, Hom. 68; mod. a feeler, a vague proposition.
f.
1) attack, assault;
2) indictment, accusation.
f. an impetuous unreasonable desire after a thing, (common word.)
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u, f. a pressing against with the feet, Grett. (in a verse).
f.
1) assertion, contention;
2) pl. disagreement, discord.
u, f. [standa á], an insisting upon, Ann. 1392, Thom. 37.
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n. state, (mod. word.)
f. damming up of a river.
(́stemma), u, f. damming a river, D. I. i. 280.
n. treading-upon (slétt stræti til ~s).
n. a treading upon, Sks. 400, 540: a step, 629.
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u, f. passion, (mod. word.)
(að), v. to study, take pains with, = stunda á e-t.
að, to study, take pains with, H. E. i. 504, 514.
f.
1) care, painstaking endeavour;
2) strong desire (hafa á. til guðs);
3) intention.
f. pains, care, devotion, Fms. i. 219; hafa á. (inclination) til Guðs, Bær. 12; til illra hluta, Stj. 55, Sks. 349, 655 xxxii, Thom. 335.
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n. [standa á], no doubt a bad reading, Eg. 304: cp. ástæða, u, f. (a mod. word), argument, reason.
f.
1) countenance, presence (kásta e-m burt frá sinni ~);
2) appearance, shape (guðs hold ok blóð í ~ brauðs ok víns);
3) view, opinion (með rangri ~);
4) dat. pl. used as adv., hversu var hann ásýnum, how did he look?; gen. as adv., minna ásýnar, apparently less.
f. countenance, presence; kasta e-m burt frá sinni á., Stj. 651: appearance, shape, Hom. 155; dat. pl. used as adv., hversu var hann ásýnum, how did he look? Hom. 91; ágætr at ætt ok á., fair of race and noble, Hkr. i. 214: gen. sing. used as adv., minna ásýnar, apparently less, Grág. ii. 29.
2. metaph. a view, opinion; með rangri á., Sks. 344.
(-da, -dr), v. to shew.
ð, to shew, Fms. v. 345.
f. = ásýn; ~um = ásýnum; ~ar = ásýnar.
f. = ásýn, and dat. pl. and gen. sing. used in the same way, v. above, Fms. i. 101, v. 345, x. 228, Fs. 4, Ld. 82: metaph. the face, of the earth, Stj. 29, 276.
adv. in appearance, to look at (friðr ~).
adv. apparently, Sturl. i. 1, Fms. x. 284.
a. n. to be seen, visible; ef eigi verðr ~, if no mark (of the blow) can be seen; þat er ~, it is evident.
n. adj. [sjá á], to be seen, visible; ef eigi verðr á., if no marks (of the blow) can be seen, Grág. ii. 15; þat er á., evident, Sks. 185.
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n. (ásækinn, adj. vexatious), vexation, Finnb. 240.
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d, dep. (ásælni, f.), á. e-n, to covet another man.
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f. [sitja], tarrying long, Ísl. ii. 440 (of a tiresome guest).
n.
1) touch, touching; svá átaks (to the touch) sem skinn;
2) firm hold or grasp; átök ok sviptingar, in wrestling.
n. (átaka, u, f., Hom. 17), [taka á], touching: gen. átaks, soft, hard, etc. to the feeling; svá á. sem skinn, Flov. 31, Magn. 522: medic. touching, v. læknishendr, Stj. 248: pl. grips, átök ok sviptingar, in wrestling, Fas. iii. 503, Fms. xi. 442.
f. rebuke, reprimand (veit e-m átölur).
u, f. [telja á, incusare,], a rebuke, reprimand, N. G. L. i. 309; esp. in pl., Fms. v. 103, ix. 384, Hkr. ii. 6, Fær. 218: átölu-laust, n. adj. undisputed, Jb. 251.
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u, f. (átekt, f., Fbr. 151, Thom. 273), prop. touching; in pl. metaph. disposition for or against a thing, liking or disliking, Bjarn. 54 (cp. taka vel, illa á e-u).
f.
1) touching;
2) the sense of feeling.
f. touching, Stj. 35.
n. treading, upon, trampling (verða fyrir ~a).
n. (átroði, a, m., Hom. 95), a treading upon, Magn. 468: metaph. intrusion, Hom. 95.
m. belief in (drauma ~);
forn ~, the old heathen faith.
ar, m. [trúa á], belief, creed, religion; forn á., the old (heathen) faith, Nj. 156, Fms. v. 69, K. Á. 62, Joh. 623. 18, Eb. 12: átrúnaðar-maðr, m. a believer, [trúmaðr], Andr. 66.
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adj. round, sloping, semi-rotundus; cp. sívalr, rotundus [from völr or from oval (?)]; it seems not to occur in old writers.
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a, m. habits, (mod. word.)
a. n. in the phrase, e-s er á., is wanted, needed (einnar mér Freyju á. þykkir).
n. adj. in the phrase, e-s er á., wanted, needed, missed, Ld. 26, Hkr. ii. 34, Korm. 92.
a. dear, acceptable, only of man in relation to the gods (avarðir goðunum; ~ Guði).
adj. [from á- intens. and verja, part, variðr, contr. varðr, protectus], an interesting old word; with dat., a. e-m, protected by one, but only used of a man in relation to the gods, in the phrase, goðum ávarðr, a client or darling of the gods, used as early as by Egil, Ad. 20, and also three or four times in prose; at hann mundi Frey (dat.) svá a. fyrir blótin, at hann mundi eigi vilja at freri á milli þeirra, Gísl. 32; skilja þeir at þeir ern mjök ávarðir goðunum, Róm. 292; so also of God, ef hann væri svá á. Guði, sem hann ætlaði, Bs. i. 464.
n. calculation (in round numbers), opinion, estimate (at ~i flestra manna).
n. (cp. verpa tölu á, to count):
1. a computation, calculation, in round numbers; þat var á. manna, at fyrir Norðnesi mundi eigi færa falla en þrjú hundruð manna, Fms. viii. 143, x. 64, 139; kallaðr ekki vænn maðr at ávarpi flestra manna, in the suggestion, account of most people, Bs. i. 72.
2. in mod. usage, an address, accosting, Lat. allocutio; and ávarpa, að, to address, Lat. alloqui; cp. the old phrase, verpa orði á e-n, alloqui.
(að), v. to make fertile or productive; á. fé, to put out to interest;
refl., ~st, to increase; ~st með þorn ok klungr, to become overgrown with.
að, to make to wax greater, make productive: of money, a. fé, to put out to interest, Nj. III: pass. -ask, to increase, Fms. i. 137, Stj. 12.
f. increase, augmentation.
f. a making productive, Stj. 212.
a. = ávaxtarsamligr.
adj. (and -liga, adv.), productive, Hom. 10.
f. faint expectation or hint segja e-m áván e-s, to give one some hint of a thing.
f. (now ávæningr, m.), a faint expectation or hint; segja e-m á. e-s, to give some hint about it, Grág. ii. 244.
f. river fishery.
f. river fishery, D. I. i. 280.
n.
1) bodily injury or lesion, wound (veita, bjóða, e-m á.);
2) unlawful use of another man’s land (as cutting trees in his forest).
n.
I. as a law term, a blow (drep); thus defined,—þat er drep annat er á. heitir ef maðr lýstr mann svá at blátt eðr rautt verðr eptir, eðr þrútnar hörund eðr stökkr undan hold, eðr hrýtr ór munni eðr ór nösum eðr undan nöglum, Grág. ii. 15; the lesser sort of drep (blow), 14; but in general use áverk includes every bodily lesion, a collective expression for wounds and blows (sár and drep); lýsa sr eðr drep ok kveða á hver á. eru, i. 35; bauð húskarlinn honum í móti öxi ok á., Bs. i. 341, vide áverki below.
II. in pl. work in a household; göra brúar ok vinna þau á., Grág. ii. 277: of unlawful work, e. g. cutting trees in another man’s forest; verðr hann þá útlagr þrem mörkum ok sex aura á., ef hann veit eigi, at þeir eigu báðir, 292.
m. = áverk.
a, m.
I. a law term, lesion in general, produced by a weapon or any deadly instrument, more general than the neut.; lýsi ek mér á hönd allan þann áverka; … sár, ef at sárum görist; víg, ef at vígi görist, Grág. ii. 32, Nj. 86, Fær. 223, Sturl. i. 148.
II. (Norse) the plant of a household, produce of a farm; landskyld heimilar lóð (Lat. fundus) ok allan áverka þann er í kaup þeirra kom, … as agreed upon between landlord and tenant, Gþl. 329; skipta görðum eptir jarðarhöfn (Lat. fundus) ok öllum áverka (including buildings, fences, crop, etc.), 380; skal hann löggarð göra … ok vinna þann áverka á landi hins þar er hvárki sé akr né eng, 277.
β. unlawful; útlegð ok sex aura áverki, Grág. ii. 296; hvervetna þar sem maðr hittir á. í mörk sinni, þá skal hann burt taka at ósekju, Gþl. 363.
COMPDS: áverkabót, áverkadrep, áverkamaðr, áverkamál.
adv. on the weather side of (~ e-u = á veðr e-u).
mod. áveðra (áveðrasamr, adj.), adv. on the weather side, Fms. viii. 340, 346, 378.
(see vinna), v. to gain, make profit.
vann, to win, make profit, v. vinna á.
m.
1) attainment; í ávinning, at, in order to attain, that;
2) profit, gain.
m. profit, gain, Fms. xi. 437, Gþl. 212.
a. n. dificult, toilsome; þa mun á. um söxin, then those in the bow will be hard put to it.
n. adj. a naval term, prob. from the phrase, vinda á e-n, to turn upon one in a rowing race, or of giving way in a sea-fight; ef Orminum skal því lengra fram leggja sem hann er lengri en önnur skip, þá mun á. um söxin, … then they in the bow will have a hard pull, will be hard put to it, Fms. ii. 308, Thom. 17, 58; þá görðist þeim á. er næstir lágu, their ranks begun to give way, Sturl. iii. 66 (of a sea-fight); ætla ek þat mund er ek renn frá Haraldi unga, at yðr afburðarmönnum mun á. þykkja eptir at standa, Orkn. 474.
No entry
f. blame, fault.
f. abode, residence; Snorra þótti betra ~ar í Hlíð, Snorra prefered living at Hillside.
f. abode, = ábúð, Bs. i. 725.
a. indecl., verða e-s á., to become aware of a thing.
adj. ind. in the phrase, verða e-s á., to become aware of, learn, Andr. 623. 80, Fms. x. 171; á. mannvits eðr íþrótta, Sks. 26.
m. hint, intimation, indication.
m. a law term, the indicia of a thing; skuli þeir rannsaka allt; ok svá göra þeir, ok finna þar öngan ávitöl (acc.), Fær. 186; grunar hann nú, at kerling muni hafa fengit nokkurn (MS. wrongly nokkura, acc. fem.) ávital, hverr maðr hann er, Thom. 158.
a. indecl in phr. verða á., to lose most people in a combat.
adj. ind. in the phrase, verða á., of a chief on whose side most people are killed in a battle, in respect to the pairing off of the slain in the lawsuit that followed; þat vóru lög þá, þar at (in the case that) menn féllu jafnmargir, at þat skyldi kalla jamvegit (they should be paired off, no compensation, or ‘wergeld,’ should be paid, and no suit begun), þótt manna munr þætti vera; en þeir er á. urðu skyldi kjósa mann til eptir hvern mæli skyldi, Glúm. 383; vide Sir Edm. Head, p. 93.
(að), v. to point at, indicate.
að, to point at, indicate, Lex. Poët.
f. indication intimation.
f. an intimation, indication, Stj. 78 (of instinct), Fas. iii. 541; epitaphium þat er á., 732. 15.
n. pl. reprimand, rebuke; berja e-n ávitum, to upbraid one.
[víti], n. pl., ávítan, f., Thom. 246, Th. 19 (mod. ávítur, f. pl.), a reprimand, rebuke, castigation; ávíta, gen. pl., Fær. 23; bera ávít (acc. pl.), Sks. 541, Hkr. ii. 200, Hom. 43.
COMPDS: ávítalaust, ávítasamligr, ávítsamr.
(að), v. to chide, rebuke (~ e-n um e-t).
að, to chide, rebuke; á. e-n, Fs. 58; á. e-n um e-t, Fms. x. 372, Landn. 51; á. e-t (acc. of the thing), Bs. i. 766: pass., Hom. 84.
n. = áván.
n. (ávæningr, m.) = áván, Gþl. 51.
m.
1) produce, growth, ruit;
2) interest, rent;
3) gain.
ar, m., dat. ávexti, acc. pl. ávöxtu (mod. ávexti), prop. ‘on-wax,’ ‘on-growth,’ i. e. fruit, produce, growth, Stj. 35, Fms. ix. 265: metaph., á. kviðar þíns, 655 xiii.
β. metaph. interest, rent [cp. Gr. τόκος], Grág. i. 195; verja fé til ávaxtar, Fms. v. 194, 159, iii. 18: gain, Bs. i. 141.
COMPDS: ávaxtarlauss, ávaxtartíund.
a. similar (á. e-m).
adj. similar, Fms. ii. 264, xi. 6, Vsp. 39.
No entry
n. or áþéttr, ar, m. a law term in the COMPD áþéttis-orð or áþéttar-orð, n. defamatory language, invective, liable to the lesser outlawry, Grág. (Sb.) ii. 143, Valla L. 204.
(see þjá), v. to oppress.
ð, to oppress, Eg. 8, Fms. i. 21.
f. oppression, harsh or oppressive rule.
f. oppression, tyranny, oppressive rule, Eg. 14, 47, Fms. v. 26: servitude, heavy-burdens (= álögur), vii. 75, x. 416 (where áþjánar, pl.), Sks. 79, v. l. (coercion).
COMPD: áþjánarok.
f. mutual strife.
f. mutual strife, Stj. MS. 227, col. 491.
f. exaction, oppression.
f. exaction, oppression, Js. 13.
No entry
d, á. e-m, to oppress one.
No entry
n. a burden, (mod. word.)
No entry
f. a calculation, (mod.)