(nái, náða, nát), v.
1) to get hold of, reach, overtake, with dat. (Ingimundr hleypr nú í skóginn ok náðu þeir honum ekki); ná til e-s, to reach one (með sverðinu);
2) to get, obtain (er hann náði konungs fundi); vér höfum eigi nát lögum, we have not had a lawful trial;
3) with infin., to be able, be allowed (náði engi maðr at bera konungsnafn, nema hann einn); heilindi sitt ef maðr hafa náir, if a man may enjoy his good health;
4) impers., kennimenn þeir er á þvísa landi næði, those clergymen who were to be got in this country;
5) refl., nást, to be caught; ef þat náist eigi, if that cannot be attained; recipr., to reach one another; þar var mýrlent ok máttu þeir eigi nást til, they could not come to close quarters.
a suff. demonstr. particle, see Gramm. p. xxxviii, col. 2 (III); esp. freq. in mod. usage in the words hér-na, þar-na, ha-na, nú-na, svá-na (proncd. svo-na or so-na), q. v., Band. 18; as also þér-na, Fms. vi. 422; þat-na, MS. 623. 19; þess-na, Fas. ii. 147; við-na, Fms. iii. 73; gær-na, vi. 254: with verbs rarely, var-na, Fas. ii. 174: part. spurt-na, Fb. i. 433; satt-na, Bs. i. 469, v. l.: and lastly in the pers. pron. ha-nn, hó-n.
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a, m. [Engl. knob; North. E. and Scot. nab], a small protuberance on the skin or on greensward; nabba-þýfi, fjalls-n., D. N. iii. 861, freq. in mod. usage: the name of a dwarf, Hdl. 7.
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að, to provide with studs; naddaðr, studded.
(-s, -ar), m. stud, nail.
m. a stud, nail; knébjargir með stálhörðum nöddum, Sks. 405; nadda á umgjörðinni, Fms. vi. 212; hann hnitar saman penninginn, ok eru tuttugu naddar á, Gísl. 14; nadda borð, a ‘stud-board’, poët. for a shield from its being ornamented with metal studs, see Fms. vii. 323: in poetry, nadda él, róg, as also nadd-él, -fár, -skúr, -regn, -hríð, -veðr, = a battle, Lex. Poët. nadd-göfugr, adj. ‘stud-glorious,’ an epithet of Heimdal, Hdl. 34, with reference to the beams of dawn (studs of light?); as an epithet of a giant, the father of Men-glöð, Gg. 14.
(gen. -rs), m. adder, snake (naðra mikil ok illileg).
m., and naðra, u, f.; the r is radical, naðrs, naðri, an irreg. dat. nöðri, Edda 97 (in a verse); [Ulf. nadrs = ἔχιδνα, Luke iii. 7; A. S. nædre; O. H. G. natra, f.; Germ. natter]:—a viper, adder, snake, Edda 99, Hkv. Hjörv. 9, Vsp. 56; fránn naðr, 65, Edda 54 (in a verse); eitrsvalr naðr, 97 (in a verse); naðrs-tunga, snake-tongue, Ísl. ii. (in a verse): the fem. naðra, in Edda 99, Stj. 97, 417, Fas. i. 220; nema sú naðra er renndi at honum, 76; nöðrur ok ormar, Fms. iv. 248:—in poetical expressions, naðra-deyðir, ‘snake-bane,’ i. e. the winter, Mork. 214; naðrs-bingr, serpent-lair, i. e. gold; unda naðr, wound-snake, i. e. the sword; rausnar-naðr = a ship (see rausn); sjávar-naðr, a sea-serpent, i. e. a ship of war; val-naðr, hræ-naðr, carrion-serpent, i. e. a sword, see Lex. Poët.: the word is never used in prose.
2. freq. also of a war ship = Ormr, Hallfred (Fs. 208, 209).
3. the name of a sword, Eg.
COMPDS: nöðrukyn, nöðruætt.
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adj. Nazarene, Mar., N. T., Vídal., Pass.
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n. = nöf (q. v.), the bark of a tree, Hkr. i. (in a verse).
(dat. nafri), m. auger, gimlet.
m., dat. nafri, [from nöf, q. v.], prop. a ‘nave-borer,’ an auger, whence a gimlet, Sks. 31, Fs. 176, Ld. 116, Edda 48, 49, Vm. 165.
COMPDS: nafar-gat and nafars-rauf, n. a gimlet hole, Edda 49. nafra-skjóða, u, f. a gimlet case, Fb. i. 301.
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adj. a απ. λεγ.; línbrækr nafarskeptar, Fms. vii. 170 (of cloth of a peculiar texture); cp. einskepta, ferskepta.
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n., botan. koenigia Islandica, Hjalt.
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m. the umbilical cord.
m. navel.
a, m. [A. S. navela; Engl. navel; O. H. G. nabulo; Germ. nabel; Dan. navle; Gr. ὀμφαλός; Lat. umbilicus]:—the navel, Fms. v. 346, Hb. 415. 15.
COMPDS: naflagras, naflastrengr.
n.
1) name; at nafni, by name; í nafni e-s, in one’s name;
2) name, title (hersir at nafni).
often spelt namn, n.; [Ulf. namo; common to all Teut. languages without the n, which has been preserved in the Norse; Dan. navn; Swed. namn; Lat. nomen; Gr. ὄνομα]:—a name; af hans nafni tók nafn Britannia, Fms. xi. 416; spyrja e-n at nafni, Nj. 6; gefa namn, Grág. i. 101; at nafni, by name, passim; kalla á namn e-s, 623. 24; í nafni e-s, in one’s name, id., passim; skírnar-nafn, a baptismal name; auk-nafn, a nickname. For the ancient ceremony, even of the heathen age, of sprinkling infants with water and giving them a name see the remarks and references given s. v. ausa, (to which add Dropl. 25, ok mun ek ekki við þér sjá, þvíat þú jóst mik vatni.) Proper names were either single as Steinn or compound as Hall-steinn, Þor-steinn, Vé-steinn, Há-steinn, Her-steinn, Gunn-steinn, see Þorst. hv. 46, Eb. 126 new Ed. (Append.); for giving names to infants see Vd. ch. 13, Nj. ch. 14, 59, Ld. ch. 13, Eb. ch. 7, 11, 12, and the Sagas passim. The ancient Teutons and Scandinavians used but one name, for nicknames are rare or of later date, and perh. came into use through contact with foreigners, as with the Gaelic tribes in the west, for in the Landn. …
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f. female namesake.
u, f. a female namesake, Fas. iii. 554, Hom. 80.
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f. a giving of names, Stj. 130; in a bad sense, a calling names, mod.
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n. a change of names, Hom. 57.
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f. a roll of names.
m. namesake (finnast þeir nafnar jafnan).
a, m. a namesake, Nj. 103, Fb. i. 76, Fs. 77.
f. title, rank.
f. a title, rank, Nj. 6, Fms. iii. 185, ix. 257, Fb. ii. 288: redress, Ísl. ii. 386.
f. ‘name-fastening’, a gift which it was usual to make when a new name was given to any one (hvat gefr þú mér at nafnfesti?).
f. ‘name-fastening,’ a gift which it was usual to give when a new name was given to any one; þú, sveinn, hefir gefit mér nafn, at ek skal heita Hrólfr kraki, en þat er títt, at gjöf skal fylgja nafnsfesti, Edda 81; konungr mælti, þú ert vandræða-skáld—Hallfreðr svarar, hvat gefr þú, konungr, mér at nafnfesti ef ek skal vandræða-skáld heita, Fs. 116; þetta fingr-gull vil ek gefa þér, Þormóðr, at kvæðis-launum ok at n., þvíat ek gef þér þat nafn at þn skalt heita Þormóðr Kolbrúnar-skáld, Fbr. 37 new Ed., Fb. i. 213, 262, 418, Fms. iii. 182.
a. famous, renowned.
adj. famous, Ld. 20, Nj. 125, Stj. 73.
f. bestowing of title and rank.
f. the bestowing a title, Eg. 66: a giving of names.
(-pta, -ptr), v. to name, call.
t, to name, Fms. vii. 125, Stj. 82.
(-da, -dr), v. to name.
d, to name, Stj. 140: nafn-kendr, part. famous.
a. renowned.
adj. renowned, Grett. 87 A, Mar.
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adv. by name, H. E. i. 484.
a. appropriate as a name.
adj. fit as a name, Fms. vi. 390.
(að), v. to name, mention, speak of.
að, to name, mention, Fms. vi. 104: to extol, laud, nafn-togaðr, part. famous, freq. in mod. usage.
(að), v. = gnaga.
að, = gnaga (q. v.), to gnaw.
(að), v. = gnadda.
að, [akin to gnúa], to rub:—to maunder, Grett. 98 A.
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m. a peg: metaph. an urchin.
(gen. nagls, pl. negl), m. nail.
m., pl. negl, in mod. usage nögl, f., gen. naglar, pl. neglr. Fas. ii. 370 (paper MS.); [A. S. nagel; Engl. nail; O. H. G. nakal; Germ. nagel; Dan. negl; Lat. unguis; Gr. ὄνυξ]:—the nail, Edda 110; negl ok hár, Fms, vi. 402, Fb. ii. 375; nagl sinn, Art. 70; á nornar nagli, Sdm.; hans negl vóru svá sterkir, Bev. 20; blóð stökk undan hverjum nagli, … hann skóf nagl sinn, Fas. i. 285; þat skip er gört af nöglum dauðra manna, ef maðr deyr með úskornum nöglum, Edda 41; hár eða negl eða frauðafætr, used for witchery, N. G. L. i. 362; kart-nagl, Nj. 52.
COMPDS: naglsrætr, naglæta.
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að, to nail, Gþl. 346.
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n. a nail-print, John xx. 25.
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adj. fastened with nails, Gþl. 346.
m. nail, spike (naglar í skipi).
a, m. [A. S. nægel; Engl. nail; Dan. nagle]:—a nail, spike; naglar í skipi, Skálda 192; eyri fyrir nagla hvern ok ró á, N. G. L. i. 100; hurðin brotnaði at nöglum, Ó. H. 117, passim; tré-n., járn-n., hestskó-n. (a horseshoe-nail), Bs. i. 382: metaph., var-n., slá varnagla fyrir e-u, to take precaution:—a peg, þar vóru í naglar, þeir hétu regin-naglar, Eb. 10:—medic. the core of a boil, kveisu-n.
COMPDS: naglafar, naglafastr.
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f. pl. the root of the nail, Grág. i. 501.
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n. the mythical ship made of nail-parings, Vsp. 50; for the tale see Edda 41.
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a, m. a giant, the husband of Night, Edda 7.
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adj. = naglafastr, Jb. 220.
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n. a nail’s hold, Bs. ii. 503.
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u, f. disease of the nail, Fél.
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m., wrongly spelt naðr, Fms. i. 178 (in a verse), a kind of bird, a magpie (?), Edda (Gl.); sveita nagr, blóðs-nagr, the blood-hawk, raven, poët., Haustl., Ísl. ii. 349 (in a verse).
a. naked, = nøkviðr.
and naktr, adj. naked; see nökwiðr.
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see nekkverr.
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u, f. [nenna], the name of a goddess, the wife of Balder, Edda, Ls.:—freq. in poët. circumlocutions of a woman, ól-nanna, beðjar n., bauga n., Lex. Poët.
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adj., nöpr, naprt, cold, chilly, of a piercing cold wind, whence nepja, q. v.; this word is not found in old writers; see apr.
(pres. nari), v. to linger.
pres. nari, def. to linger, lounge; með þursi þríhöfðum þú skalt æ nara, Skm. 31; enum nennu-lausa þeim er narir í heiminum, Al. 100.
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a, m. a pr. name, Landn., Korm.; whence Narfa-eyrr, f. a local name in western Icel.
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a, m. the name of a giant, a son of Loki, Edda.
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að, [akin to gnaga], to pinch slightly, as a mouse does.
gen. pl. from nös.
see nös, the nostril.
n. pl. snuffling.
n. pl. snuffling, Fas. iii. 499.
n. the sense of smell.
n. the sense of scent, Mar.: metaph. of superficial knowledge.
f. = nefbjörg.
f. = nefbjörg, Flóv., Karl. 357.
a. hot-headed.
adj. snarling, hot-headed, Fbr. 19, 41 new Ed.
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m. a rhinoceros.
f. pl. nostrils.
f. pl. the nostrils, Pr. 450, 472, 474, Karl. 298.
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adj. [cp. Germ. nase-weis], ‘nose-wise,’ superficial and conceited.
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adj. assiduous, painstaking; vera natinn við e-ð.
f.
1) need, distress; í nauðum staddr, in distress, distressed; með nauðum, with great difficulty;
2) bondage, = ánauð (seldr í nauð);
3) pl. shackles, fetters (hann vissi sér á höndum höfgar nauðir).
f. [Ulf. nauþs = ἀνάγκη; A. S. neôd; Engl. need; Hel. nôd; O. H. G. nôt; Germ. noth; Dan. nöd]:—need, difficulty, distress; í hverri nauð, Hom. 34; nauð ok erfiði, Fms. vii. 208; þola nauð, to suffer need, Lex. Poët.; vetrlig nauð, Sks. 49; með nauðum, with great difficulty, Fms. ix. 387; hann var borinn með nauðum, Þryml. 8:—bondage, hann var hertekinn ok síðan seldr í nauð, Fms. x. 391 (á-nauð, q. v.): höfgar nauðir, ‘heavy needs,’ of fetters, Vkv. 11:—labour, of women, in nauð-göngull, q. v.: of spells, hverr feldi af mér fölvar nauðir, Sdm. 1; nema e-n ór nauðum, to deliver, Fsm. 40; vera í nauðum, to be charmed, spell-bound, Lex. Poët.:—the Rune RUNE, Sdm. 7, Rkv., see introduction:—poët., bog-nauð, dal-nauð, ‘bow-need,’ i. e. the hand, Edda ii. 429; kykva nauð, id., Þd.
COMPDS: nauðarmaðr, nauðahandsal, nauðakostr, nauðalaust, nauðamikill, nauðasátt.
(að), v. to rustle, = g~.
að, to rustle, Sd. 160: = gnauða, q. v.
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m. a bondsman, Fs. 87.
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n. an enforced hansel, not valid in law, Grág. i. 493.
m. dire choice.
m. a dire choice, Stj. 368.
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n. adj., or at nauðalausu, without necessity, N. G. L. i. 349.
a. very severe (vetr ~).
adj. very severe, Ísl. ii. 132.
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or -sætt, f. a forced agreement, Sturl. iii. 150, Fms. vii. 248, viii. 154, O. H. L. 90.
(að), v. to compel, force, with dat. (n. mönnum til blóta).
að, [nauðigr], to compel, force, 625. 71: with dat., n. e-m til e-s, nauðga mönnum til blóta, 65, Fms. i. 129, xi. 181, Nj. 134; n. e-m til sagna, Fb. 46 new Ed.:—to ravish, Lat. violare, K. Á. 214.
II. reflex. to be compelled, Fms. xi. 432; fyrir því nauðgumk ek til, I am compelled, 580 A. 2.
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f. compulsion:—ravishing.
(acc. nauðgan), a. unwilling, reluctant (Þyri fór mjök nauðig); taka konu nauðga, to ravish, mér er e-t nauðigt, it is against any will, I do not like it.
adj., in old writers often contr. nauðgan, nauðgir, nauðgum, forced, unwilling, N. G. L. i. 12, Ld. 172; Þyri fór mjök nauðig, Fms. ii. 132, Landn. 247; láta hann fara nauðgan, Nj. 114; ef maðr færir mann nauðgan ördrag eða lengra … varðar þat, Grág. ii. 131; af nauðgum múnkum, Fms. vii. 207; með nauðgum kosti, Barl. 70; þó honum væri þetta nauðigt, Flóv.; taka konu nauðga, to ravish, Fms. ix. 451, D.I. i. 243, N. G. L. ii. 52.
f. necessily, need; ef mik ~ um stendr, if I am in need.
f.; this is perh. the only fem. of the 1st decl. which has retained the inflexive r as in Goth.; for the feminines with i in acc. and dat., see Gramm. p. xvii, col. 2 (III. at the bottom), are of a different declension; [Scot. neide, see nauð]:—necessity, only used in nom.; ef mik nauðr um stendr, Hm. 155; nauðr um skildi, need made them part, Vkv. 3; nauðr er at nýta eiða, ‘tis needful to keep one’s oath, Orkn. (in a verse); rak hann þó engi n. til þess, there was no necessity for him, Skálda 164; mun þik þó n. til reka, Nj. 61, Fs. 127; n. er á e-u, eigi drap ek Gauk fyrr en mér væri nauðr á, Nj. 227; enda sé þó n. at skilja (one must needs know) hvat þeir stoða í málinu, Skálda 165; mun eigi n. at minnask Jökuls fræada várs, Fs. 23; þótti þeim n. til bera, Fms. vi. 38.
f. compulsion, constraint.
f. compulsion, Fms. i. 297, H. E. i. 503, Ó. H. 243, Fs. 76; göra e-m nauðung, Bs. i. 288:—unwillingness, Sturl. iii. 95.
COMPDS: nauðungareiðr, nauðungarkostr, nauðungarlaust, nauðungarmaðr, nauðungarsætt.
m. an oath taken under compulsion.
m. an oath taken under compulsion, Fms. vii. 176.
m. compulsory terms.
m. a dire choice, Eg. 89.
adv. without compulsion.
n. adj. without compulsion, Fms. vi. 215: unharmed, 265.
m., vera ~ e-s, to be under another person’s thumb.
m.; in the phrase, vera e-s n., to be under another person’s thumb, yield him forced obedience, Ld. 170, Fms. i. 75.
f. compulsory agreement (cf. nauðasætt).
f. = nauðasætt, Hkr. iii. 373.
adv.
1) in need; ~ kominn, staddr, in straits;
2) with difficulty; komast ~ undan, á brott, fá ~ forðat sér, to have a narrow escape.
mod. nauðugliga, adv. in need; n. kominn, staddr, in straits, Fms. i. 186, Sturl. i. 79, Karl. 456; kom hón n. frá, Eb. 318:—direly, closely, at rétta þann krók er honum var svá n. beygðr, Ld. 40:—with difficulty, Nj. 245; komask n. undan, á brott, to have a narrow escape, 155, Fms. i. 75; hann fékk n. forðat sér, ix. 408; hann dró undan sem nauðuligast, 393; komsk hón n. frá, Eb. 318, = Dan. med nöd og neppe; er þeir megu lifa við sem nauðuligast, Hom. 87; ganga n. fram, to proceed slowly, Bs. ii. 157.
f. sailing close to the wind (leggja í nauðbeitu).
1. t, to stand close to the wind.
2. u, f. a standing close to the wind; leggja í nauðbeitu, Grett. 13 new Ed.
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part. forced, compelled, Sturl. ii. 50, Bs. ii. 46; þat undirbrot, er Svíar hafa þá nauðbeygt, subdued them, Fb. ii. 37.
(-ða, -ðr), v. to force, compel, subdue.
u, f. constraint, Hallgr.
a. very pale.
adj. very pale, Akv. 16.
n. forced payment.
n. forced payment, Edda 73.
a. helping (women) in need (þær nornir, er nauðgönglar eru).
adj. ‘need-going,’ helping in need, of a midwife; hverjar ‘ro þær nornir er nauðgönglar eru, ok kjósa mæðr frá mögum, who are the weird sisters, who assist and deliver mothers in childbearing? Fm.
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n. a vow made in need; nauðheita maðr, a supplicant, 625. 192.
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or nauð-leyti, n. close affinity, relationship; vera í nauðleytum við e-n, Glúm. 386; sakir mægða ok nauðleyta, Fms. x. 309. nauðleyta-maðr, m. a near kinsman, Germ. blutverwandt, Ísl. ii. 324, Dropl. 30, Stj. 427; frændr ok nauðleytamenn, frændr eðr aðra n., Ld. 330, Eg. 139, Gísl. 61; see hleyti.
f. unwilling wife.
f. an unwilling wife, wedded to one she hates. Fas. iii. 68.
adv. painfully.
adv. = nauðuliga:—closely, negldr n., fast nailed, Sól. 65.
a. hideous.
adj. very hideous, Fas. ii. 295.
m. husband.
m. a near kinsman. Am. 23.
m. an enforced mágr.
m. an enforced mágr, Fms. ii. 291.
(að), v. to compel, force.
að, to enforce, compel, Fas. iii. 214.
(-da, -dr), v. to force by torments.
d, to torment, Fas. i. 96.
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að, to shave close.
a. drifted by a storm.
adj. tossed or drifted by a storm, Fas. ii. 455.
a. indecl. doomed to part.
adj. doomed to part, verða n., Bs. i. 79.
m. forced parting, forced divorce.
m. a forced parting, forced divorce, Sturl. i. 96.
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adj. quite bald.
pp. distressed, = í nauðum staddr.
part. needy, distressed, Fms. x. 397, K. Þ. K. 82, K. Á. 168, Þiðr. 124, passim.
(gen. -synjar, pl. -synjar), f. need, necessity (er ~ at drepa niðr illu orði); ganga ~ja sinna = ganga eyrna (eyrenda) sinna.
f., pl. nauðsynjar, need, necessity; er nauðsyn að drepa niðr íllu orði, Nj. 21; kveðr hann vel hafa vikisk við sína nauðsyn, Fms. xi. 29; at koma þér at liði ef þú þyrftir í nokkura nauðsyn, Ísl. ii. 327; nauðsyn er lögum ríkri, necessity breaks the law, a saying, Mar.; nauðsynja hjálp, help in need, H. E. i. 489: as a law term, lawful impediment, þessar eru nauðsynjar, Gþl. 290; nauðsynjar-vitni or -váttr, a witness produced to prove impediment, N. G. L. i. 32, 217, Gþl. 539; sitja heima at nauðsynjum sínum, by necessity, Grág. i. 48; ganga nauðsynja sinna = ganga eyrna (eyrinda sinna), Sks. 718, Eb. 270, Fms. vi. 375; nauðsynja-eyrendi, -för, -sýsla, -mál, -verk, a pressing journey, business, affair, case, work, Fms. x. 335, xi. 29, 268, Nj. 145, Eg. 198, Grág. i. 78, Hkr. i. 293, Bs. i. 170, Sks. 286, 711, Js. 6. nauðsynja-laust, n. adj. unhindered; syngja hvern dag löghelgan nauðsynjalaust, K. Þ. K. 50; or, at nauðsynjalausu, without necessity: without impediment, unhindered, lögsögumaðr er útlagr þrim mörkum ef hann kemr eigi til alþingis at nauðsynjalausu, Grág. i. 4, 12.
(að), v. impers., e-n ~r, one stands in need of.
1. u, f. = nauðsynjaváttr, N. G. L. i. 218.
2. að, impers. to stand in need of; þann kost sem oss nauðsynjar, Stj. 212; kaupa þá hluti sem oss nauðsynjar, 215, Mar.; nauðsynjaðr, obliged; vera nauðsynjaðr, to be obliged, bound to, Bs. ii. 45.
adv. necessarily.
adv. necessarily, Fms. xi. 68, Band. 4 new Ed.
a. necessary.
adj. necessary, Eg. 182, Ísl. ii. 151, Fms. i. 262, vi. 8, passim:—compulsory, K. Á. 74:—hard, severe, Sks. 710.
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m. = nauðleytarnaðr.
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u, f., poët. a woman, from her tight dress (?); nála n., a needle-woman, Grett. (in a verse): hirði-n., hör-n., poët. = a woman, linen-keeper, Lex. Poët.
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n. pl. difficulty; með naumindum, with difficulty.
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adj. [akin to nema?], narrow, close; í holdsins hreysi naumu, Pass. 17. 10: close, scant, stingy, verða naumt fyrir, to run short as to time; hafa nauman tíma, to have a short time; naum grið, Bs. ii. 508 (17th century); vera naumt við kominn, to be pressed for time: superl. naumast, as adv. scarcely or narrowly, eg get naumast lesið það, I can hardly read it.
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adj. one from Naumu-dalr, a county in Norway, so called from the river Nauma, Fms., Landn., Munch’s Norg. Beskr. Naum-dælskr, adj. id., Fms. vi. 112.
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adj. close, stingy, Fas. iii. 425.
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adv. scarcely, hardly.
n. boat-house, boat-shed.
n. [Dan. nöst; Orkn. noust; from an obsolete nó-r = a ship, with which cp. Lat. navis, Gr. ναυς]:—a ship-shed, boat-house, often used in pl., like Lat. navalia or Engl. docks; konungr hafði látið göra hús mikit, þat er hann ætlaði til nausts, þat var nírætt at lengd en sextigi álna breitt, Fms. vii. 247, x. 13, Ó. H. 62, 115, Fbr. 93 new Ed.; skip í nausti, Korm. 68; hann gengr út ór naustinu, id.; hann leyndisk í naustinu, ofan frá naustinu, Grett. 88, 97, 99, Fs. 147, Háv. 27 new Ed., Eb. 236, passim; hurða-naust, a shed of hurdles, Háv. 20 new Ed.: poët., nausta blakkr, ‘naust-steed,’ i. e. a ship, Hkr. i. (in a verse); böðvar-naust, war-shed, i. e. a shield, Nj. (in a verse); hríðar-n., tempest-shed, i. e. the sky, Harms. 23: local name, Nausta-lækr, Ísl. ii.
COMPDS: naustdyrr, naustgörð, naustveggr.
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n. pl. ‘nausl-doors,’ Stor. 3, Rd. 268.
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f. ‘naust-making,’ N. G. L. i. 101, Pm. 7, Vm. 14.
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m. ‘naust-wall,’ Fær. 268.
I) n. neat, cattle (menn hafa þar mart ~a ok sauða).
II) from njóta.
n. [from njóta; A. S. neât; Engl. neat; Scot. nout; O. H. G. nôz; Dan. nöd]:—cattle, oxen: plur., naut ok sauði, Fms. ii. 92, vi. 69, Ld. 160, Fs. 26, 128; ef hann hefir oxa í nautum sínum, N. G. L. i. 25; láta inn naut, Gísl. 20; hann knýtir saman halana á nautunum, 29; gæta nauta, Bjarn. 32; hann kom til nautanna, ok stangaði hvert annat, Grett. 112; þessi vetr var kallaðr sandvetr, þá dó hundrað nauta fyrir Snorra Sturlusyni á Svignaskarði, Sturl. ii. 93 (of herds of cattle grazing in the mountain pastures during winter); kunna ek á ísleggjum, en þú kunnir þat eigi heldr en naut, Fms. vii. 120; nauta fjöldi, flokkr, a drove of cattle, Glúm. 342, Stj.; naut mörg, Eg. 743; nauts belgr, skinn, húð, a neat’s hide, skin, Landn. 212, Hkr. iii. 80, Eb. 136, Sks. 184; nauts höfuð, rófa, síða, Grett. 116, Eb. 276, Fms. ii. 139; nauts fall, a neat’s carcase, Fms. v. 21; nauts búkr, id., Eb. 220, Fms. ix. 309; nauts blóð or nauta blóð, Landn. 258, Hdl. 10; nauts bein, Fms. ii. 142; nauts virði, a neat’s worth, price of a head of cattle, D. N.; nauts fóðr, ‘a neat’s fodder,’ a measure of hay enough to keep one cow through winter, Eb. …
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m. a mountain pasture for cattle; kirkja á n. á Flötr, Vm. 115.
f. pasture for cattle.
f. grazing cattle, Vm. 18.
m. well for watering cattle.
m. a well for watering cattle, Fms. x. 377, Fagrsk. 4.
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m. a cattle-plague, Ann. 1187.
m. cattle-track.
m. a cattle-track, Njarð. 378.
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n. a cow-stall, D. N.
m. drove of cattle.
m. a herd, Lv. 91.
f. the keeping of cattle.
u, f. the keeping cattle, Eg. 715.
m. a cave used as a stall.
m. a cave used as a stall, Bs. i. 320.
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u, f. a cattle-barn, Sturl. ii. 232.
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m. a neatherd’s dog, N. G. L. i. 234.
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f. pasture for cattle, D. N.
m. neat-herd, herdsman.
m. a neatherd, herdsman, Eb. 316, Grett. 112, Glúm. 306.
n. cattle-mark.
n. a cattle-mark, Grág. i. 397.
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m. the meat of cattle, Sks. 191.
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m. = nautamaðr, Mar.
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f. = nautahundr, Bs. i. 284: as a nickname, Sturl. iii. 35.
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n. [Engl. Naughton], ‘neat-town,’ a fenced cattle pasture, Gþl. 433, v. l.
f. cattle-hides.
u, f. ‘neat’s-ware,’ i. e. hides and the like, Sks. 184.
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n. a tending cattle, Eg. 714.
f. use made of a thing (ofmikil ~ á skóginum), = neyzla.
f. [njóta], the use of a thing; ok á sá at sækja um nautnina er hross á, Grág. i. 432; nautn á skógi, ii. 293; ef maðr neytir hross enni meiri nautn, en þat er meiri nautn …, i. 441.
2. metaph. enjoyment; hafið ér jarðliga hluti í nautn, Greg. 32; andleg nautn, líkamleg nautn, and the like, passim in mod. usage.
(-s, -ar), m.
1) partaker (with another person);
2) donor, giver (góðr þótti mér þá ~inn, er Hákon jarl var);
3) gift (following the gen. of the person from whom it comes); sverðit konungs-~, the sword that was the king’s gift.
m. [Germ. ge-nosse; from njóta], a mate, fellow; bera kvið í dóm fram með nauta sína, Grág. i. 369; bera kvið at dómi með nauta þína átta en þú sér sjálfr inn níundi, ii. 39; þjófs-nautr, a receiver of stolen goods:—in compds = Germ. genosse, a mate; mötu-nautr, a mess-mate; legu-nautr, rekkju-n., a bed-fellow; sessu-n., bekkju-n., a bench-mate; kaupu-n., a customer; föru-n., a fellow-traveller; söku-n., a transgressor; ráðu-n., a councillor.
II. a person from whom a gift is received, a donor, giver; góðr þótti mér þá nautrinn er Hákon jarl var, Fms. ii. 171; góðr er nautrinn, Ólafr konungr gaf mér hring þenna í morgin, v. 93.
2. an object is called the nautr of the person from whom it comes, whether it be as a gift, or even as booty; sverðit konungs-nautr, the sword the king’s gift, Ld. 204; Hallfreðr var lagðr í kistu ok gripir hans með honum konungs-nautar, skikkja, hringr ok hjálmr, Fms. iii. 28; hringinn Sigvalda naut, 24: the charmed ring Andvara-nautr, Edda 75; skikkjuna Flosa-naut, Nj. 176; skikkjuna Gunnlaugs naut, Ísl. ii. 274; bauginn Brosu-naut, Gullþ. …
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f. = nautabeit, Vm. 88.
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m. a cattle-plague, Ann. 1187.
n. = nauts-fall.
n. = nauts fall, Hkr. ii. 311.
m. loss (death) of cattle.
m. loss of cattle, Ann. 1187; nautfellis vár, vetr, Sturl. i. 227, Bs. i. 488.
n. cattle.
n. cattle, Grág. i. 458.
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adj. stupid as a nout.
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n. a ‘sea-neat,’ sea-cow.
n. the blow which fells an ox (nú vil ek eigi bíða ~sins).
n. ‘neat-blow,’ the blow which fells an ox; nú vil ek eigi bíða nauthöggsins, I will not wait for the ‘neat-blow,’ Fms. vii. 244; cp. bíða einsog boli höggs, to wait for the blow like a bull, of a person undecided and as if in a kind of stupor.
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m. cattle.
m. herdsman, drover.
a, m. a herdsman, drover, Bs. i. 244, Al. 52.
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n. a neat’s skin, Rétt.
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m. a bull.
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prob. a false reading for naut tvau, Fas. i. 253.
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f. the smell of a corpse.
(nái, náða, nát), v.
1) to get hold of, reach, overtake, with dat. (Ingimundr hleypr nú í skóginn ok náðu þeir honum ekki); ná til e-s, to reach one (með sverðinu);
2) to get, obtain (er hann náði konungs fundi); vér höfum eigi nát lögum, we have not had a lawful trial;
3) with infin., to be able, be allowed (náði engi maðr at bera konungsnafn, nema hann einn); heilindi sitt ef maðr hafa náir, if a man may enjoy his good health;
4) impers., kennimenn þeir er á þvísa landi næði, those clergymen who were to be got in this country;
5) refl., nást, to be caught; ef þat náist eigi, if that cannot be attained; recipr., to reach one another; þar var mýrlent ok máttu þeir eigi nást til, they could not come to close quarters.
f. = gná (q. v.), Skáld H. passim, and in mod. poetry.
(nái, náða, nát), v.
1) to get hold of, reach, overtake, with dat. (Ingimundr hleypr nú í skóginn ok náðu þeir honum ekki); ná til e-s, to reach one (með sverðinu);
2) to get, obtain (er hann náði konungs fundi); vér höfum eigi nát lögum, we have not had a lawful trial;
3) with infin., to be able, be allowed (náði engi maðr at bera konungsnafn, nema hann einn); heilindi sitt ef maðr hafa náir, if a man may enjoy his good health;
4) impers., kennimenn þeir er á þvísa landi næði, those clergymen who were to be got in this country;
5) refl., nást, to be caught; ef þat náist eigi, if that cannot be attained; recipr., to reach one another; þar var mýrlent ok máttu þeir eigi nást til, they could not come to close quarters.
pres. nái, náir, nái, (mod. næ, nær, nær); pl. nám; reflex. náisk, mod. næst; pret. náði; subj. næði; part. náð, better náit; pret. infin. náðu, Fms. vi. 409 (in a verse): with neg. suff. náði-t, could not, Geisli 19, Sighvat (Ó. H. 218): [Dan. naa, akin to ná-, = to come near.]
B. To reach, catch, overtake, and the like, with dat.; þá mun Sveinn eptir leggja ok hans menn ok vilja ná þér, to overtake thee, Fb. ii. 8; bjarndýri er ek náða á Íslandi, Fs. 27; þegar at ek nái honum, Fær. 94; náit þér honum eigi, Nj. 63; Sigurðr var manna fóthvatastr, fengu þeir honum ekki náit at sinni, Fagrsk. 167; allir hans menn þeir sem náit var, who were caught, O. H. L. 17; þótti þá ván at braut mundi ná heininni, to get it out, Edda 59; Helgi býr ferð sína at ná í braut Yrsu, Fas. i. 32; en er þeir náðu stokkunum, Eg. 90: ná til, to reach; ef höfuðit næði til bolsins, 625. 97; ná til eins með sverði, Dropl. 25.
II. metaph. to get, obtain; hann vill biðja sér konu ok náir hann eigi ráðinu, Nj. 259; at hann náir eigi víngarðinum af honum, Stj. 600; menn þá er eigi máttu þjónustu ná, Sól. 60; ok þó eigi ráðit hvárt vér næðim þeirri er oss er meiri hugr á, Fms. …
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(-ar, -ir), f.
1) grace, mercy, = miskunn; tóku þér hann útlendan ok úkunnan á þínar náðir, under thy protection;
2) pl. rest, peace, quietness; í náðum, in peace, quietness (S. bað hann vera þar um nóttina í náðum); ganga til náða, taka á sik náðir, to go to rest, compose oneself to rest.
f. [early Swed. nad = rest; cp. Germ. gnade; Dan. naade]:—rest, peace, quietness; this is the primitive sense of the word, and is still used, but only
I. in the plur.; frelsi ok góðar náðir, Fms. ii. 4; í náðum, in peace, quietness; vera þar um nóttina í náðum, Eb. 306; sofa í náðum, 152; njótask í náðum, Vígl. 23; tala í náðum, leisurely; eta í náðum; drekka saman í náðum, snugly: protection, tókt þú hann útlendan á þínar náðir, Fms. i. 140; nálgast hef ek á náðir þín, Skíða R. 94; taka á sik náðir, to take to rest, Fms. ii. 83; kómu vér hér með náðum sem friðmenn, Stj. 213: sing., ganga á þeirra náð (= náðir?), Fs. 11. náða-hús, n. a house of rest, closet, Stj. 1: a privy, Fs. 149, Ann. 1343.
II. sing. grace in an eccl. sense, and no doubt influenced by foreign writers, for it occurs first in poets of the 14th century, Líkn., Lil., Gd. (Bs. ii), and is not used in old classical prose writers. The kings of Norway in writs subsequent to 1360 A. D. are styled af Guðs ‘náð’ instead of the older Guðs miskunn, D. N. i. pref. xxvii, note 16; Guðs náðar, Hkr. …
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(að), v. to give rest and peace to, protect;
refl., náðast, to get rest.
að, to give peace and rest; friða ok náða, Magn. 464:—to pardon: reflex. to get rest, Fms. iii. 167.
a. merciful.
adj. merciful, Hkr. iii. 202, Gd. 32.
adv. privately, quietly.
adv. quietly, Gþl. 16; þartil at skip kæmi at n., Rd. 245.
a. peaceful, quiet.
adj. mild, Stj. 192: merciful, 289.
n. privy.
n. = náðahús, Bs. ii. 136, Fb. ii. 87.
(pl. nánir), a.
1) near; náit er nef augum, nose is near of kin to eyes;
2) ~ e-m, closely related to, a near kinsman of (þeir menn eru þér nánir at frændsemi).
adj., pl. nánir, compar. nánari:—near to; náit er nef augum, Nj. 21: metaph., náinn e-m, closely related, a near kinsman of, Grág. i. 293; næsta bræðra eðr nánari konu, 345; systrungum eðr nánarum mönnum, 228; þótt mér sé nánastr maðrinn, Hrafn. 10; af svá nánum frænda, Gullþ. 7, Fms. vi. 172; inn nánasti niðr, Grág. i. 171, N. G. L. i. 17; inir nánostu frændr, Bs. i. 90; nánir at frændsemi, Fms. xi. 7, Grág. (Kb.) i. 29; byggja svá náit at frændsemi, to marry one so nearly related, Hkr. i. 8.
(-ar, -ar), f. needle.
f., pl. nálar; [Goth. neþla; A. S. nædl; Old Engl. neeld; Engl. needle; O. H. G. nadal; Germ. nadel; in the Scandin. contr. Dan.-Swed. nål or naal]:—a needle, Fas. i. 393, iii. 139; nál ok skreppa, Fms. vi. 374: a kind of needle used by sailors, Edda (Gl.); nálar margar (for repairing the sails), Sks. 30; bíta úr nálinni, to bite off the thread; þú ert ekki búinn að bíta úr nálinni enn, a saying, cp. the ghost story in Maurer’s Volks. 60; skó-nál, a cobbler’s needle, Skíða R.; hey-nál, q. v.; saum-nál, a sewing needle; nálar auga, a needle’s eye; nálar oddr, a needle’s point; þræða nál, to thread a needle; Pétrs-nál, the name of an obelisk, Symb. 24, Róm. 248 (= Aculea Sti. Petri).
2. metaph. the first sprouts of grass in the spring; það er komin upp svo lítil nál.
II. the name of a giantess, Loki’s mother, Edda.
COMPDS: nálbein, nálbugr, náldofi, nálþráðr, nálanauma, nálgrund.
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Grett. (in a verse);
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að, dep. [náligr], to approach, come near to; nálgask e-n, Gm. 53, Bs. i. 47, Fms. i. 76, vi. 390, passim; var för í sortanum ok nálgaðisk higat, vii. 163; n. til e-s, 623. 6l, Sks. 614: to come by, n. sitt góðs, Bs. i. 329: to touch, þar er hann n. ok hann man, where he touches the fact and recollects, Grág. i. 45.
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m. an urchin, hedgehog, Lat. echinus, Björn.
II. medic. verminatio, a greedy false appetite, caused by worms.
adv.
1) nigh, near at hand, near to;
2) almost, nearly (hann varð ok ~ alls þess víss, er við bar).
adv. nigh, near to, near at hand, with dat., Sks. 782; þar var n. til görs at ganga, Ld. 96; um várit n. kyndil-messu, Fms. x. 411: as adv almost, nearly, well-nigh, Eg. 58, Nj. 219, Fms. i. 222, ii. 50, Ld. 38, Sks. 62, Bs. i. 394, passim.
a. near, close at hand.
adj. near, close at hand, Barl. 206, Sks. 42, v. l.
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n. the needle-like bones in fishes’ gills.
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m. a needle’s bend; stökkr er n., Hallgr.
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a, m. ‘pins and needles,’ numbness.
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Eb. (in a verse).
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m. needle-thread: a woman is called
n.
1) seizure, occupation (cf. landnám);
2) learning, study (er hann var at námi).
n. a kind of cloth or texture (?); in compds, nám-dúkr, m. a kerchief, Orkn. (in a verse): nám-kyrtill, m. a kirtle of nám, Ld. 244, Fb. i. 545: in poetry a lady is called nám-eik, nám-skorð, from wearing this raiment.
n.
1) seizure, occupation (cf. landnám);
2) learning, study (er hann var at námi).
n. [nema], seizure, occupation, see landnám, obsolete in this sense; cp. also the various compds, viðr-nám, etc.
II. metaph. mental acquisition, learning, study, science; vera til náms, Mar.; at minnask á nám þitt, Sks. 22; ok er hann var at námi, Fms. ix. 241; girniligr til náms, 8; til þess náms sem hann vildi þar nema, þaðan fór hann til Englands ok var í Lincolni, ok nam þar enn mikit nám, Bs. i. 92; hann görðisk enn mesti íþróttar-maðr í þess-konar námi, he became the greatest master in that science, viz. grammar, 163; síðan fór hann suðr til Englands ok var þar í skóla, ok nam þar svá mikit nám, at trautt vóru dæmi til at nokkurr maðr hefði jafnmikit nám numit né þvílikt á jafnlangri stundu, 127; þótt hann hefði eigi mikit nám á barnsaldri, 90; nám þetta gengr fram svá greitt, Fms. xi. 427.
COMPDS: námsaldr, námsmaðr, námfúss, námfýsi.
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a, m., or náma, u, f. a mine; gull-námi, silfr-námi, a gold mine, silver mine; also kola-námi, a coal-pit.
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m. the time of learning, boyhood, 623. 52.
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m. a scholar.
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adv. peremptorily, N. G. L. i. 459.
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adj. = námgjarn.
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f. = námgirni.
f. eagerness to learn.
f. eagerness to learn, Hom. (St.)
a. eager to learn.
adj. eager to learn, Bs. i. 90, Eb. 44, Eg. 685, Ó. H. (pref.)
f. neighborhood, nearness, proximity; koma í ~ (or í ~ir) e-u, to come near to.
f. (ńnd, N. G. L. i. 418, Ver. 9), neighbourhood, nearness, proximity; ok er ekki annarra manna í ńnd, present, N. G. L. l. c.; koma í nánd e-m, to come near one, Fms. i. 9, Fs. 35; alla þá menn er honum vóru í nánd, Eg. 42; betr þætta mér at ek kæma hvergi í nánd, to have nothing to do with it: the phrase, hvergi nándar-nærri, far from it!
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a, m. = náungi, Barl. 44, 52, 142, Hom. 62, N. G. L. i. 87.
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adj. = náinn; með þeima konum svá nángum, N. G. L. ii. 322.
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adj. = náin; nán frændsemi, N. G. L. i. 91.
(gen. nás, pl. náir, acc. nái, dat. nám), m. corpse, deat man; fölr sem ~, pale as death; nýtr manngi nás, a corpse is good for nought; bjarga nám, to lend the last service to the dead; verða at ná, verða nár, to become a corpse.
m., gen. nás, dat. ná and nái: pl. náir, acc. nái, dat. nám; [Ulf. naws = νεκρός and τεθνηκώς, Luke vii. 12, and nawis = νεκρός, Rom. vii. 8]:—a corpse, as also a deceased person; nýtr manngi nás, a dead man is good for nothing, a saying, Hm. 71; slítr nái neffölr, Vsp. 50; nái fram-gengna, 45; nái stirða, Fms. i. 179 (in a verse); nár varð þá Atli, Am. 102; hví ertú fölr um nasar, vartú í nótt með ná? Alm. 2; bjarga nám (ná-bjargir), to lend the last service to the dead, Sdm. 33: verða at nám, to be a corpse, die, Hkv. 2. 26; hve ýta synir verða nauðgir at nám, Sól. 33; ok sat nár á nái, Gsp. (in a riddle); göra at nái, to make one a dead man. Fms. x. 425 (in a verse); nái nauðfölva, Akv. 16; beiða griða nás nið eðr nefa, the kinsman of the slain, Grág. ii. 20; ef menn setja mann í útsker sá maðr heitir sæ-nár, ef maðr er settr í gröf ok heitir sá graf-nár, ef maðr er færðr í fjall eðr á hella sá heitir fjall-nár, ef maðr er hengdr ok heitir sá gálg-nár, Grág. ii. 131; þeir menn eru fjórir er kallaðir eru náir þótt lifi … heitir gálg-nár ok graf-nár ok sker-nár ok fjall-nár, 185; cp. virgil-nár (= gálgnár), Hm. 158; fölr sem nár, Nj. …
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m. the groin.
a, m. a feeder, nourisher, poët., in aldr-nári.
m. the groin.
a, m. the groin, Nj. 114, Gullþ. 21, Sturl. ii. 41, Skíða R. 144, Eb. 44, Fas. iii. 231, 391, passim.
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m. [for. word; Germ. nähren], a nourisher (?), Edda ii. 497: in fólk-nárungr, answering to Hom. ποιμην λαων, as also in other poët. compds, Lex. Poët.
(gen. -ar, nætr, pl. nætr), f. night, see nótt.
f. the night, and náttar-, see nótt.
(að), v.
1) to pass the night;
2) to become night, grow dark (tók þá at ~);
3) impers., ~r e-n, one is benighted.
að, to pass the night: subj. nætti, þat er mitt ráð að vér nættim þar, Fms. iii. 74.
II. to become night, grow dark; tók þá at nátta, Hkr. ii. 373; ok er náttaði, Ó. H. 224; til þess er náttar, Ísl. ii. 157; tekr at rökkva ok nátta, Sks. 219.
III. impers. one is benighted; þótt þik nátti, Fas. i. 171, Mar.; hann var þar náttaðr, Str. 45.
n. the time of náttmál.
n. the hour of night-meal, Sturl. iii. 71.
f. a pyramid (cairn) intended to show the time of náttmál.
u, f. a pyramid or column on the horizon, intended to shew the hour of n. by the sun’s position relatively to it, Þórð. 58.
f.
1) nature (eptir boði náttúrunnar);
2) (supernatural) virtue, power (fylgði þessu ~ mikil);
3) pl., spirits, powers.
u, f. [from Lat. natura], nature; eptir boði náttúrunnar, Fms. i. 104; sjálf náttúran, Stj. 177; náttúran sjálf en fyrsta móðir vár, Mar.
II. (supernatural) virtue, power, 544. 39; svá hefir hann mikla náttúru með sér, Nj. 44; fylgði þessu n. mikil, Fms. xi. 128; ef þú lætr þessar náttúrur fylgja, Fas. ii. 529.
III. natural quality; náttúra jarðar, Edda (pref.); er kunni náttúru allra strengleikja, Str. 67:—nature, disposition, bera náttúru á e-t, Bárð. 167; hafa náttúru til e-s, to have inclination towards, passim:—potency, náttúru-laus, impotent.
IV. in plur. spirits, powers; margar þær náttúrur hafa nú til sótt er áðr vildu við oss skiljask, ok enga hlýðni oss veita, Þorf. Karl. 378.
COMPDS: náttúrubragð, náttúrugjöf, náttúrugripr, náttúrugrös, náttúrulauss, náttúrulög, náttúrusteinn, náttúruvani.
pp. having a certain nature or virtue.
part. having such and such virtue, Stj. 84, Bs. ii. 55: given, inclined to, n. fyrir e-ð, mod.
adv. according to nature, properly.
adv. according to nature, properly, Bs. i. 221, Fms. i. 102, Mirm. ch. 14, Skálda 176:—of course, (mod.): (? from Germ. naturlich.)
a. proper, natural.
adj. proper, natural; n. dagr, the natural day, Stj., Rb. 476: natural, carnal, H. E. i. 523.
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n., Lat. indoles, natural character, Mag.
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f. a natural gift, Stj. 70, 254, Edda (pref.)
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m. an object possessed of virtue, Bs. ii. 139.
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n. pl. herbs possessing virtue.
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adj. without virtue, Konr. 20: impotent.
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n. pl. the law of nature. Mar.
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m. a stone possessing virtue, Pr. 423, Karl. 119, 178.
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a, m. habits, Stj.
n. entertainment for supper.
n.; ala e-n náttverðareldi, to give supper to a stranger, Grág. i. 454.
n. supper-time.
n. supper-time, Sturl. i. 147, (spelt ńtturðar-mál, Greg. 74.)
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f. a night’s lodging, Grág. i. 299.
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adj. blind in the dark.
n. night-quarters.
n. nigbt-quarters, Edda 29, Fms. i. 11, vi. 135, Eg. 719. náttból-staðr, m. id., Fb. ii. 380.
f. night-bout.
u, f. a night-bout, Hom. 144, Barl. 137.
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f. night-dew, Gtsp.
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n. ‘night-fall,’ dew.
f. pl. night-wanderings.
f. pl. night-wanderings, Sturl. i. 147, Fms. vii. 126.
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a, m. a night-traveller; fara dagfari ok náttfari, to travel day and night, Fms. i. 203, ix. 513, v. l.
f. night-fast.
u, f. a night-fast, K. Þ. K. 108, 122, Hom. 73.
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m. a night-bird, Lat. noctua, Stj. 16.
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adj. strolling in the night (all-n.)
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u, f. = náttgisting, D. N.
f. night-quarters.
f. = nætrgisting, night-quarters, Bs. ii. 32, Þiðr. 230.
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m. a night-raven, night-jar, Stj. 86.
adv. for the night (hvílast, sofa ~).
n. adj. for a night, Eg. 417, Edda 33, Ld. 196, Fms. viii. 91.
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m. a kind of leek, Pr. 471.
m. night-games.
m. night-games (attracting evil spirits), Fs. 143 (174), cp. Ísl. Þjóðs. ii. 7, 8 (Dansinn í Hruna).
adv. = náttlangt.
adv. = náttlangt, Grág. ii. 137.
a. nocturnal, nightly.
adj. nightly, nocturnal, Sks. 42.
n. ‘night-meal’, about nine o’clock p. m..
n. ‘night-meal,’ taken as a point of time, about nine o’clock P. M., answering to dagmál (q. v.) in the morning; ok er komit var at náttmáli, Fms. viii. 89; nónhelgan dag til náttmáls, Grág. i. 143; þeir koma þar fyrir náttmál, Nj. 197, v. l. (matmál Ed. less good); kom þar eldr í bæinn um náttmál, Bs. i. 78: in mod. usage only in plur., líðandi náttmál, jöfnu-báðu miðaptans og náttmála (= half-past seven o’clock P. M.)
COMPDS: náttmálaskeið, náttmálavarða.
f. night-mass.
u, f. a night-service, K. Þ. K. 70, Hom. 41.
n. darkness of night.
n. the darkness of night, Orkn. 110, Hkr. i. 299, Sturl. ii. 231, Fms. ii. 185.
m. night-shirt.
m. a night-shirt, Fms. vii. 271, Sturl. iii. 189.
f. late hours.
u, f. ‘night-sitting,’ late hours, Fms. vii. 126, xi. 425.
v. to place for the night before burial.
t, to keep lyke-wake, watch a corpse by night (referring to the old lyke-wake), Fms. vii. 251, ix. 480, Fær. 198, Hkr. ii. 228.
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n. the keeping a lyke-wake, of a priest; sitja þar at náttsetri, syngja yfir líki ok fylgja því til grafar um morguninn, N. G. L. i. 390.
f. nidnight sun.
f. the midnight sun, MS. 732. 5, 6, Rb. 454, 472, Róm. 206: as a nickname, Nj. 89.
m. night-quarters.
m. night-quarters, Edda 28, 48, 72, Eg. 299, Grág. i. 153. náttstaðar-vitni, n. a witness about n., Js. 41.
f. night-meeting.
u, f. a night-meeting, Fms. ix. 254.
(-tta, -ttr), v. = náttsetja.
t, = náttsetja; náttsæta lík, Dropl. 26, Ó. H. 139.
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f. = náttsetr, N. G. L. i. 347: nátt-sæti, id., v. l.
m. night-service in a church.
m. a night-service in church, Bs. i. 172, Fms. vi. 303, Sturl. i. 25, MS. 655 xi. 4.
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u, f. a night-owl.
(gen. -ar), m. = náttverðr.
and nátt-verðr, m., nótturðr, Greg. 28, 74; [Swed. nattvärd; Dan. nadver]:—a ‘night-meal,’ supper; fara til náttverðar, Fms. i. 209 (as also Hkr. and Fb. l. c.); fyrir náttverð ok eptir, Fms. x. 331; gefa náttverð, K. Þ. K. 108; ala prest at dagverði ok náttverði, 50; búa til nátturðar, Edda 29; settisk Þórr til náttverðar ok þeir lagsmenn, 28; af því er samkunda Guðs köllut ńtturðr heldr en dögurðr, Greg. 28; er eigi sá beini beztr, at yðr sé borð sett ok gefinn náttverðr, ok síðan fari þér at sofa, Eg. 548; suppers are also meant by the meals in the poem Rm.; náttverðar dvöl, stopping for supper, Hkr. ii. 373.
COMPDS: náttverðareldi, náttverðarmál, nótturðartíð.
f. sitting up at night, night-watch.
u, f. a night-wake, night-watch, sitting up at night, Hom. 36:—of a lyke-wake, alla þjónustu skal hann veita mót tíund nema náttvöku, N. G. L. i. 347.
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u, f. a night-banquet, Thom.
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n. a putting one to death during the night, which was regarded as murder, see the remarks s. v. morð, Eg. 416, Fas. ii. 400.
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n. a night-meeting, 625. 165, Orkn. (in a verse); opp. to dagþing, q. v.: meetings during night were not thought proper.
m. neighbour.
a, m. a neighbour; ef maðr kennir náunga sinn þann er upp er grafinn, N. G. L. i. 345.
2. in an eccl. sense as rendering of the Gr. ὁ πλησίον, elska skalt þú náunga þinn svo sem sjálfan þig, Matth. xix. 19, Luke x. 27; hver er þá minn náungi? 29, 36, N. T., Pass., Vídal. passim.
II. ironic., as a fisherman’s term, the barrel containing their drink is called náungi; í þrautunum það er plagsiðr náungann að núa í krít, Snót.
m. neighbour.
m., older form = náungi, also contr. and with umlaut caused by the following u, nóngr, acc. ńng, Greg. 21; náungr annarr, Akv. 9; þá talaði hverr við sinn náung, Stj. 66; Guðs ást ok náungs, 677. 3; skunda at hjálpa náungi þínum í hans þurft, Stj.
(nái, náða, nát), v.
1) to get hold of, reach, overtake, with dat. (Ingimundr hleypr nú í skóginn ok náðu þeir honum ekki); ná til e-s, to reach one (með sverðinu);
2) to get, obtain (er hann náði konungs fundi); vér höfum eigi nát lögum, we have not had a lawful trial;
3) with infin., to be able, be allowed (náði engi maðr at bera konungsnafn, nema hann einn); heilindi sitt ef maðr hafa náir, if a man may enjoy his good health;
4) impers., kennimenn þeir er á þvísa landi næði, those clergymen who were to be got in this country;
5) refl., nást, to be caught; ef þat náist eigi, if that cannot be attained; recipr., to reach one another; þar var mýrlent ok máttu þeir eigi nást til, they could not come to close quarters.
adv. [Ulf. newa = ἐγγύς; A. S. neah; Engl. nigh; Germ. nahe]:—only used in COMPDS, denoting nigh, near: ná-borinn, part. near akin, born, Sks. 274, Hðm. 10, Skv. 3. 11. ná-búð, f. dwelling near to, Þórð. 69, Sturl. i. 88. ná-búi, a, m. a neighbour, Grág. ii. 343, Eg. 60, 108, Ld. 26, Nj. 11, Eb. 24. ná-býli, n. a neighbouring farm. ná-frændi, a, m. a near kinsman, Eg. 252, Ld. 258, Fms. vii. 268, Fb. i. 437, Bs. i. 133, 620. ná-frændkona, u, f. a near female relative, Bs. i. 288, 620. ná-granna, u, f. a female neighbour, Stj. 260. ná-granni, a, m. a neighbour, Fms. i. 294, Gþl. 107, Barl. 104, MS. 625. 86. ná-grennd, f., and ná-grenni, n. a neighbourhood, Stj. 189, Bárð. 165, Gísl. 92. ná-hendr, adj. a kind of metre, Edda (Ht.) 75. ná-kominn, part. coming near one, touching one nearly; þetta mál er mér nákomit, Sturl. i. 36. ná-kveðinn, part. = náhendr, Edda v. …
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m. the heart-burn, Fél.
f. pl. the last service to the dead, closing the nostrils, eyes and mouth (veita e-m ~).
f. pl. ‘lyke-help,’ see nár; in the phrase, veita e-m nábjargir, to lend one ‘lyke-help,’ i. e. to close the eyes, mouth, and nostrils of a person immediately after death; hví hefir þú eigi veitt honum nábjargir er opnar eru nasirnar, why hast thou not lent him the ‘lyke-help,’ for the nostrils are open? Nj. 154; hann bað hvern varask at ganga framan at honum meðan honum vóru eigi nábjargir veittar, Eb. 70; hann lagði hann niðr í setið ok veitti honum þá nábjargir, Eg. 398, Bret. 32; cp. the Gr. ἰδων δε ὑ Κρίτων ξυνέλαβε το στόμα τε και τους ὀφθαλμούς (but not the nostrils as in the Northern rite), Plato’s Phaedo (sub fine); whereas with the Norsemen the closing the nostrils was indispensable, whence the phrase, lúka nösum, to have the nostrils shut = to die, see nös (nasar).
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adj. pale as death.
n. pl. the bonds in which a corpse in wrapped.
n. pl. the cords by which the shroud is bound round the body, Mar.
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adj. = nábleikr.
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n. a carrion-crow, Eb. (in a verse).
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adj. corpse-greedy, of a witch, Hkv. Hjörv.
f. pl. the gates of the dead.
f. pl. the gates of the dead, mythol.; fyrir nágrindr neðan, Ls. 63, Skm. 35, Fsm. 27,
f. ‘dead man’s mask’, scalp.
u, f. a scalp, Fas. iii. 221.
f. death-cry.
f. a death-cry, a piercing, piteous sound, believed to come from departed spirits, exposed infants, Bárð. 3 new Ed.: in mod. usage called
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n. pl., Bjarni 143, see Maurer’s Volks. 59.
m. narwhale.
m. a narwhale, Edda (Gl.), Sks. 130, K. Þ. K. 138. náhvals-tönn, f. a narwhale’s tusk, Bs. i. 767.
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adj. = nábleikr.
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adj. cold as death.
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f. a kind of vermin.
a.
1) near at hand, close by (nálæg héruð);
2) touching nearly.
adj., ná-mundi, etc., see ná-, nigh.
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f. a hearse, Fms. x. (in a verse).
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adj. ‘corpse-loaded,’ epithet of a gallows, Yt.
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a, m. a carrion-crow, Lex. Poët.
n. pl. ‘corpse-straw’; liggja á ~m, to lie dead (on straw).
n. pl., in the phrase, liggja á nástrám, to lay a corpse on straw, Greg. 56, 57, Hom. 153; hence the phrase, er ek lá stirðr á strám, Sól.; and strá-dauða, ‘straw-dead’ (= dead in his bed), as opp. to vápn-dauðr.
f. ‘corse-strand’, abode of the dead.
f. the strand of the dead, whither the ‘straw-dead’ came after death, as opp. to Val-höll, the hall of the slain, Vsp. 44; Nástrandir, Edda.
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m. the ruler of the dead, Sturl. (in a verse).
adv., preceded by a negation, nor (eigi mælta ek þetta fyrir þér né honum); hvárki … né, neither … nor (hefir hvárki heyrt til hans styn né hósta); hvárgi þeirra, Önundar né Þorfinns, er jafnmenni föður míns, neither of the two, O. or Th., is my father’s equal.
or né, a negative conjunction. The Goth. makes a distinction between ni = A. S. ne, O. H. G. ni; and the compound particle nih, from ni + the suffix uh, O. H. G. noh, Germ. noch, Lat. nec, of which Icel. né is a contr. form; etymologically, therefore, the single particle ought to be written ne and the compound né; but this distinction is not made. The particle ne is not found out of composition except in ancient poetry; it is found as a prefix in the compounds neinn, nekkverr, nema (q. v.), qs. ne-einn, ne-hverr, ne-ifa.
A. The single particle, not:
1. with a verb, sól þat né vissi, máni þat né vissi, stjörnur þat né vissu, Vsp. 5; óð þau né höfðu, 18; löst né vissi, Skv. 3. 5; né fá, Hm. 92; finna né máttu, 46; ek né kunna, 11; né þat máttu, Hým. 4; né sváfu, Þd. 6:—with subj., út þú né komir, Vþm. 7:—ef né, if not, unless, were it not that …; ef þú geldr né værir, Hkv. Hjörv. 20; ef þú sverðs né nytir, Fm. 29:—with a double negation, svá at mér mann-gi mat né bauð, Gm. 2; aptr né komið, 20; ef föður né áttað, Fm. 3; hví né lezkaðu, Ls. 47; né máttuð, Kormak; …
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adv.
1) from below from beneath (veittu þeir atróðr ~ eptir ánni);
2) without motion, beneath, underneath (skipit var meitt ~); fyrir ~ (with acc.), below, beneath (kemr lagit í fót fyrir ~ kné).
adv. [Engl. be-neath], from beneath, from below, Vsp. 65, Gm. 35, Vkv. 35, Nj. 247, Edda 58, Fms. vi. 149, passim: denoting motion, neðan ór eyjum, Nj. 107; neðan um sáðlandið, 82; neðan frá sjó, neðan úr dal, neðan af eyrum, neðan eptir ánni, Ó. H. 20: without motion, vökna neðan, Fms. ii. 278; skipit var meitt neðan, Sturl. iii. 68:—fyrir neðan, beneath, below, with acc., Vsp. 2, 35, Skm. 35, Alm. 3, Fms. i. 10, Ld. 148, Eg. 596, Nj. 84, 145, 214, Gísl. 23: neðan undir, underneath, Fb. ii. 357:—with gen., neðan jarðar, beneath the earth; neðan sjóar, beneath the sea.
a. lower, undermost; kom annat lagit í bringuna, en annat í neðanverða brynjuna, in the lower part of the coat of mail.
adj. the ‘netherward,’ nether, lower, undermost, opp. to ofanverðr, Stj. 98, 517; rifnaði tjaldit ór ofanverðu í neðanvert, from top to bottom, Hom. (St.); í neðanverðum dal, Þórð. 58; bjúgr at neðanverðu, Konr. passim.
adv. low down, far below (n. í jörðu).
adv.—neðarliga, Nj. 82, Greg. 23, Þiðr. 114.
adv. compar. lower, farther down (nökkuru ~).
compar. lower, farther down, superl. neðast and neðst, nethermost, lowest down (and so in mod. usage), adv. answering to niðr, q. v.:—nökkuru neðarr, Fms. i. 215; neðarr en hón hafði ætlað, Gísl. 72; svá sem þeir máttu neðast, Fms. iv. 50; neðst ský ok vindar … neðast jörð, v. 340, passim.
adv. low down, far below (n. í jörðu).
adv. ‘netherly,’ low down, far below, Th. 25, Stj. 11.
a. compar. lower, nether (á neðra stræti); it neðra, underneath (var ljóst it efra, en dimt it neðra).
adj., compar. neðarri, Stj. 76, nether, lower, Lat. inferior; superl. neðstr or neztr, nethermost, lowest, undermost; á neðra stræti, Fms. ix. 24; í Tungu inni neðri, Fs.; inn neðra hlut, Eg. 101; Galilea in efri ok in neðarri (neðri, v. l.), Stj. 76; in neðri leið, in the nether world, O. T. 45; neðri bygðir, the nether world, i. e. hell: the neut. it neðra, adv. underneath; var ljóst it efra en dimmt it neðra, Vígl. 40: the nether part, fagrrauðr it neðra, Fas. i. 172; sumir brjóta borgar-vegginn it neðra, Al. 11; Þórr ferr it neðra, Edda; hann samnaði mönnum hit neðra um Mýrar, Ísl. ii. 168; hinn nezti hlutr trésins, Hkr. i. 71; í enu nezta helvíti, Fms. ii. 137; neztu smugur helvítis, Skálda 605.
(gen. pl. nefja), n.
1) the bone of the nose, nasal bone, opp. to ‘nasir’ (hann rak hnefana á nasir mér ok braut í mér nefit);
2) the nose (náit er ~ augum);
3) beak, bill (of a bird);
4) head, person; um alla Sváþjóð guldu menn Óðni skatt, penning fyrir ~ hvert, a penny per head.
n., gen. pl. nefja, dat. nefjum; [A. S. nebbe; Engl. neb]:—the nose, prop. the beak, bone of the nose, opp. to nasar (nös, q. v.), Grág. ii. 11; liðr á nefi, Ld. 272; þeir hafa hvárki nef né nasar, ‘neb nor nose,’ i. e. neither lower part nor cartilage, Stj. 79; hann rak hnefann á nasir mér ok braut í mér nefit, Fas. iii. 392; kom á nasir þeim ok brotnaði í honum nefit, Fms. iii. 186; gnúa nefit, Orkn. 394, passim: also in the phrases, stinga nefi í feld, to hide the nose (face) in one’s cloak, from dismay, Fms. x. 401; cp. stinga nösum í felda, Sighvat; stinga saman nefjum, to put noses together = lay heads together, i. e. discuss closely, ironic., Grett. (in a verse); kveða, tala í nef, to talk through the nose, Skálda 162; taka í nefið, to snuff up; sjúga upp í nefit, to suck up through the nose; of nær nefi kvað karl …, too near the nose, quoth the carle, when he was hit in the eye, Fms. vii. 288; náit er nef augum, the neb is near akin to the eye, Nj., cp. Fms. iii. 188; draga bust ór nefi einum, see burst.
2. as a law term in regard to tax, dues, poll (cp. …
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f. compensation of nefgildi, N. G. L. i. 187.
m. a cognate relative, recipient of nefgildi.
m. a cognate relative, recipient of n., opp. to bauggildis-maðr, Grág. ii. 181, N. G. L. i. 22.
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a, m. [A. S. nefa; O. H. G. nefo; Germ. neffe; cp. Lat. nepos; Fr. neveu; Engl. nephew]:—a law term, a cognate kinsman; nefi jarla, an earl’s nephew, Sighvat, Edda (Gl.); nið eðr nefa, Grág. i. 137; nefi Knúts, Canute’s sister’s son, Fms. vi. (in a verse).
II. the name of a dwarf, Edda (Gl.): the name of a sword, id.
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u, f. a nickname, Fb. iii.
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adj. nebbed, beaked: in compds, bjúg-n., of an eagle.
I)
(-da, -dr), v.
1) to name (nefndu þinn föðr); ~ sik, to name one’s name; ~ e-n á nafn, to name by name; Oddr er maðr nefndr, there is a man mentioned, of the name of Odd;
2) to mention by name, point out (nefni ek til þess Björn ok Helga);
3) to name, appoint, order (nefndi konungr nökkura menn at ganga upp á eyna);
4) a law term, to call (n. menn í dóm); to summon, cite (allir aðrir, þeir sem þannig vóru nefndir); to levy (n. lið ór heruðum);
5) refl., ~st, to give one’s name as, call oneself (hann nefndist Hrappr).
II)
f. naming, nomination (cf. dóm~).
u, f. nomination, Sturl. ii. 27; dóm-n., vátt-n., alþingis-n.
I)
(-da, -dr), v.
1) to name (nefndu þinn föðr); ~ sik, to name one’s name; ~ e-n á nafn, to name by name; Oddr er maðr nefndr, there is a man mentioned, of the name of Odd;
2) to mention by name, point out (nefni ek til þess Björn ok Helga);
3) to name, appoint, order (nefndi konungr nökkura menn at ganga upp á eyna);
4) a law term, to call (n. menn í dóm); to summon, cite (allir aðrir, þeir sem þannig vóru nefndir); to levy (n. lið ór heruðum);
5) refl., ~st, to give one’s name as, call oneself (hann nefndist Hrappr).
II)
f. naming, nomination (cf. dóm~).
and nemna, d, [nafn; Goth. namnjan; Germ.; nennen], to name; kona Manue fæðir son ok nefnir Samson, Stj. 410; nefndú þinn föður! Hkv. Hjörv. 16; veit ek þann mann er þora man, … nefndú hann ! Nj. 89; á bréfi þessu vóru nefndir (specially named) hinir stærstu höfðingjar, Fagrsk. 91; maðr er nefndr Mörðr, Nj. 2; nefna sik, to name one’s name, 6; Hallfreðr nefndi sik, Fms. ii. 86: n. e-n á nafn, to name by name; hann kallaði á menn mína ok nefndi á nafn, Nj. 211; nefna barn á nafn (in christening), N. G. L. i. 339: in a narrative, maðr er nefndr Mörðr, a man was named M., i. e. there was a man named Mord, Nj. 1; ‘maðr er nefndr N.’ is a standing phrase in the Sagas: Oddr er maðr nefndr, ok var Örlygsson, Gísl. 12; tveir menn eru nefndir, Þorkatlar tveir, 8; Bræðr þrír eru nefndir til sögunnar, hét einn … Nj. 22; sá maðr er nefndr til sögunnar er Geirr goði hét, now the story names a man who hight G., Nj, passim, cp. N. M. hét maðr.
2. to mention by name, to name, point out; vóru þessir staðir á nefndir, Bs. i. 731; hann nefndi til þess skipstjórnar-menn, Eg. 33; nefni ek til þess Björn ok Helga, Ld. …
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f.
1) a levy or contribution in men and ships (hann vill ~ hafa ór hverju fylki bæði at liði ok skipum);
2) a body of daysmen or arbitrators;
3) name, designation (rare).
f. [early Swed. nämd], denomination, Stj. 11.
II. as a law term in the Norse (not Icel.) law, nomination, delegation:
1. a fixed amount of levy or contribution in men and ships; hann görði ok nefnd í hverju fylki, hversu mörg skip … skyldi vera ór hverju fylki at mönnum ok vápnum ok vistum fyrir útlenzkum her, Fagrsk. 20; konungr stefndi þing í bænum, hann görði þá bert fyrir allri alþýðu at hann mun leiðangr hafa úti um sumarit fyrir landi, ok hann vill nefnd hafa ór hverju fylki bæði at liði ok skipum, Fms. ii. 245; stefndi hann til lendum mönnum sínum ok hafði nefndir ór landi, x. 94; almenniligar nefndir, N. G. L. i. 446.
2. a body of daysmen or arbitrators to give judgment in a case; in the old Swed. law the nämd was composed of twelve members (see Schlyter), cp. early Dan. nævning; in this strictly legal sense the word hardly occurs in ancient Icel. law, but it bears a close resemblance to old Icel. görð and görðar-menn, esp. as described in Nj. ch. 75, 123, 124, see görð II: in the Sagas the word occurs in one or two instances, kvað þat mundi mál manna, at þeir hefði góða nefnd um sættir, Bjarn. …
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m. fixed day (= nefndr dagr).
m. a fixed day, N. G. L. i. 142, Orkn. 10.
n. levied forces.
n. levied forces, Fms. viii. 285.
m. a man named for the levy (nefndarmenn af Foldinni).
m. a man nominated as a member of the lögþing (in the Norse sense), a certain fixed number being sent from each county, Gþl. 8–18, Jb. 11 sqq.: a man named for the levy, 98.
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u, f. a fixed meeting of delegates; á móti eða nefndarstefnu, N. G. L. i. 308.
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n. an oath taken by a body of delegates, N. G. L. i. 430.
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n. the witness given by a body of named men; skolu tólf frjálsir ok fulltíða menn af honum bera ok eigi nefndar vitni, Gþl. 156 (Js. 34); er hann þjófr nema hann syni með séttar-eiði ok nefndar vitnum, at eigi stal hann, Gþl. 538.
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n. testimony given by a body of named men, Js. 34.
(pl. -ar), f. nomination, levy.
f. a naming, nomination, N. G. L. i. 199: a law term, levying, (nefnd) frjálsir af leiðangrs-görðum ok nefningum, H. E. i. 420; í engum nefningum ok leiðangrs-ferðum skulu þeir vera, D. N. i. 80; vóru minnstar nefningar um Hálogaland, Fms. x. 74, v. l.; almenniligar nefningar, N. G. L. i. 446, v. l.
adv. by name, expressly.
adv. by name, expressly, Bs. i. 763: namely, mod.
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adj.; nefnilegt fall, nominative, Skálda.
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adj. nosed; in the nicknames Há-nefr, mjó-nefr, etc.
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t, to chastise, punish, (obsolete.)
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f. (nepst), [Swed. näfst], a penalty, chastisement; undir Heilagrar kirkju nefst ok refsing, Munk. 72, D. N. v. 785: en er verra, þat er vita þykkjumk, niðja stríð um nept, my mind bodes me still worse things, a sore retribution to thy sons (a bitter fratricidal strife), Skv. 2. 8, for this must be the true sense of this contested passage; nept for nepst may be right by analogy of heipt and heipst; the word is altogether obsolete in Iceland, but is still in use in Sweden.
f. visor.
f. a nose-shield, part of a visor, Fms. i. 178, Orkn. 148.
m. bleeding at the nose.
a, m. a bleeding at the nose, Sturl. ii. 66, Pr. 474.
a. pale-nebbed.
adj. pale-nebbed, Vsp., Akv.
n.
1) ‘nose-tax’, poll-tax (payable to the king);
2) a weregild, payable to the cognates of a person, opp. to bauggildi.
n. [nef], a ‘nose-tax,’ poll-tax, payable to the king; en sú var orðsending konungs, at hann beiddi þess Íslendinga, at þeir skyldi við þeim lögum taka sem hann hafði sett í Noregi, en veita honum af landinu þegngildi ok nefgildi, penning fyrir hvert nef, þann er tíu væri fyrir alin vaðmáls, Ó. H. 141; nefgildis-skatta þá er Haraldr faðir hans hafði lagt á allt landit lét hann taka hit ytra með sjó ok um Þrænda-lög, ok leggja til skipa-görðar, Fagrsk. 20. This ancient ‘nose-tax’ was also imposed by the Norsemen on conquered countries, and the name gave rise to strange legends; thus, king Thorgisl, the Norse conqueror of Ireland (A. D. 830–845), is, by an Irish chronicler, said to have levied a tax of an ounce on each hearth, the penalty for defaulters being the loss of their nose. Prof. Munch, Norg. Hist. i. 440, has traced the origin of this legend to the simple fact that the king imposed a ‘nose-tax’ or poll-tax on the conquered Irish, just as Harold Fairhair afterwards did in Norway.
B. [nefi], a weregild payable to the cognates of a person, opp. to bauggildi = the agnate weregild; þat heitir nefgildi er þeir menn taka er kvennsift eru komnir, Grág. …
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m. = nefgildismaðr, Grág. ii. 178.
n. pl. weregild, = nefgildi 2.
n. = nefgildi (II), Hkv. 1. 12.
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u, f. a nickname, glitter-nose, Sd. 145.
a. long-nosed.
adj. long-nebbed, Sturl. ii. 133 C.
a. noseless.
adj. noseless, without a nose, Rb. 348.
adj. [nefi], ‘kinless,’ orphaned, desolate; sagt er frá hve neflauss narir, Mkv.
a. small-nosed.
adj. small-nosed, Sd. 147.
a. with an ugly nose.
adj. with an ugly nose, Fms. ii. 7, xi. 78.
a. big-nosed.
adj. big-nosed, Eb. 30, Orkn. 66.
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adj. speaking through the nose.
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u, f. a kind of personal fee, D. N. v. 660.
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m. zig-zag; fara nefsneiðing.
m. nebbed stithy, sharp-pointed anvil.
a, m. a nebbed stithy, Fb. i. 190.
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m. a jutting rock, D. N. i. 81.
n. heart (hjarta heitir ~).
n. [it is prop. identical with Dan. neg = a sheaf of corn, which word is not otherwise found in the Norse or Icel.]:—poët. the heart, Edda (Gl.); also written hnegg, in hnegg-veröld, the heart’s abode, breast, Lex. Poët.
(-da, -dr), v. to nail, fasten or stud with nails (A. negldi saman útihurð sína); negldar brynjur, studded mail-coats.
u, f. the bung to close a hole in the bottom of a boat which lets out the bilge-water.
(-da, -dr), v. to nail, fasten or stud with nails (A. negldi saman útihurð sína); negldar brynjur, studded mail-coats.
d, [nagli], to nail, N. G. L. i. 111, Fbr. 133, Hom. 103, Fms. v. 224, Sks. 707, Eb. 182, Sól. 65, Fb. i. 515, passim: to stud, negldar brynjur, Vkv. 6; ey-negld, hólm-negld, island-studded, holm-studded, an epithet of the sea, Eg. (in a verse), Edda (in a verse).
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f. a nailing, Str. 4.
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m. a kind of itching, as if pricked with nails, Fél. x.
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m., and negul-nagli, a, m. [from Germ. nägelein, from the likeness to small nails]:—a clove, spice.
adv. no; kveða ~ við e-u, to say no to; setja þvert ~ fyrir e-t, to refuse flatly.
adv. [Ulf. nê; A. S. nâ; Engl. no; Germ. nein; Dan.-Swed. nei]:—no; nei sem nei er, K. Á. 200; nei, kvað Úlfhéðinn, Fs. 78; kveða nei við, to say no, N. G. L. i. 345; þeir kveða þar nei við, Hkr. i. 277; setja nei fyrir, to set a no against it, refuse, Fms. ix. 242; setja þvert nei fyrir, to refuse flatly, ii. 131, Ld. 196; segja nei móti e-u, to gainsay, D. N. ii. 257.
pron. indef., = né einn;
1) any, following after a negation (aldrei svá, at honum væri nein raun í); ekki er þetta furða nein, it is no apparition; ekki neins staðar, not anywhere;
2) as subst. any one, anybody; ekki neitt, nothing.
adj. pron., prop. a compd contr. from né einn = not one, none, but afterwards contr.; it is, however, never used as a pure negative, but only after a negative, as indef. pron.; for the older uncontr. usage see né A. II: [cp. A. S. nân; Engl. none]:—any, Lat. ullus, following after a negation, aldri svá at honum væri nein raun í, never … any danger, Nj. 262; varð eigi af neinni eptir-för, Valla L. 196; ekki er þetta furða nein, it is no apparition, Ísl. ii. 337; þess mundi eigi leita þurfa, at konungr mundi neina sætt göra, 84; Erlingr hafði eigi skaplyndi til at biðja konung hér neinna muna um, Ó. H. 47; aldri svá … at neitt vápn, Fas. i. 281; kom mér aldregi í hug, at sá mundi neinn vera, Art.; ekki neinu sinni, not once, Fb. i. 104; ekki neins staðar, nowhere:—where the negation is indirect or understood, lét hann af at eggja konung á neinar ferðir, Fb. ii. 427, (né einar, Fms. vii. 29, l. c.); skal ek miklu heldr þola dauða en veita þeim neitt mein, Nj. 168; at hann mundi taka úmjúkliga á því, at vægjask í neinum hlut til, Ó. H. 51; fyrr skal hón fúna en neinn taki hana, Lv. 50:—en neinn = en nokkur, than any; fleira íllt gékk yfir Gyðinga-lýð en yfir neina þjóð aðra, Ver. …
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f., pl. neipar, the ‘nip,’ the interstice between the fingers; í neipinni; perh. better gneip.
I)
f. shame, disgrace, = h~.
II)
(-ta, -tr), v. to put to shame (svívirðiliga neistr), = h~.
t, to put to shame; herfiliga neist ok rangliga raskat, Bs. i. 392; for more references see hneisa.
I)
f. shame, disgrace, = h~.
II)
(-ta, -tr), v. to put to shame (svívirðiliga neistr), = h~.
u, f., mod. hneisa, which form also occurs in old vellums, [Swed. nesa]:—shame, disgrace; this is the true form, as is shewn by the allit. in Hm. 48 and Fm. 11; and also in phrases like, niðra ok neisa; for references see hneisa. neisu-ligr, adj. shameful, degrading.
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n. = neisa.
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adj. = neiss; in ú-neisinn.
a. ashamed, covered with shame (n. er nøkviðr halr).
adj. [Swed. nes], inglorious, ashamed; neiss er nökkviðr halr, a saying, a naked man is ashamed, Hm. 48, cp. Gen. iii. 10; Norna dóm þú munt fyrr neisum hafa, thou wilt scorn the doom of the Norns, Fm. 11; þeir sendu hann til sömu eyjar nöktan ok neisan, Barl. 62.
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a, m. a spark; see gneisti.
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n. pl. flour, efflorescence, a απ. λεγ.; neit Menju góð, the costly flour of Menja, i. e. gold, Skv. 3. 50; the word remains, though with a false aspirate, in common Icel. hneita (q. v.), the white efflorescence on seaweed (söl); akin is the Icel. naut. phrase, það hnitar í báru (in a ditty of Pal Vídal.), the waves are white-tipped (as if sprinkled with flour); the explanation given in Lex. Poët., s. v. neit, is prob. erroneous.
(að, or -tta, -tt), v.
1) to deny, refuse, absol. or with dat. (hefi ek þar góðum gripi neitt);
2) to deny, forsake (hann ~ði guðs nafni).
að, and also neitta, neitti, [Scot. nyte; Dan. nægte], to deny, refuse, absol. or with dat.; konungr neitaði þverliga, Fms. vi. 214; þeir höfðu boðit honum laun, en hann neitti, i. 12; hann neitaði með mikilli þrályndi, x. 306; hinn sem neitar, K. Á. 204; hefi ek þar góðum grip neitt, Fms. vi. 359; er nú vel þú veizt hverju þú neitaðir, 360; neita penningum, xi. 428:—with a double dat., neita e-m e-u, vii. 90: with acc. of the thing, ef nokkurr neitar kirkju-garð, K. Á. 68; hverr sá er neitar mitt nafn, þeim (sic) skal ek neita, Barl. 122.
2. to deny, forsake; hann neitaði Guðs nafni, Fms. x. 324; Petrus hafði þrysvar Kristi neitt, Hom. 81; þeir er neittu Kristi, Gd. 49; neitaði þessum nýja konungi, Al. 9; neita villu, Nikuld. 71; þeir neittuðu (v. l. neittu) þessu, Fms. vii. 54.
II. reflex., þeim mönnum skal heilagr kirkju-garðr neittask, K. Á., H. E. i. 491; þú snerisk til Guðs ok neittaðisk Djöflinum, Hom. 151.
f. denying, denial.
f. denying; af-neitan, K. Á. 204, Th. 25.
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a, m. a denier, Gd. 50.
f. denying, denial.
f. a denial, Hom. 11, Th. 8: gramm. the negative, Skálda 200.
(-dda, -ddr), v. to refuse (to do a thing).
d, to disown, with dat., Str. 16; see nékvæða.
pron. any (í nekkhverjum hlut), = nakkvarr, nökkurr.
indef. pron.; this word is a compound of the negative particle né (q. v.) and the pronoun hverr, qs. nih-hverr, ne-hverr, nekkverr; the double k (in the oldest MSS. often represented by cq) may be due to the final h of the particle, as the compd was formed at a time when the final h had not been absorbed into né: [Dan. nogen; Swed. någon. Mr. Uppström, and since Bugge, derive this word from ne-veit-hverr, instead of Grimm’s ne-hverr, cp. A. S. nâthwæt = ne-wât-hwæt = Icel. nakkvat; this would better account for the double k, but otherwise it has no influence on the inflexive changes of the word.]
A. THE FORMS: this pronoun has undergone great changes. The earliest declension is the same as that of hverr, see Gramm. p. xxi; nekkverr, nekkver, Bs. i. 353, Greg. 13, 26, 33, Grág. ii. 205, 206, 304, Fms. x. 389, 393: gen. nekkvers, nekkverrar, passim: dat. nekkverjum, nekkverju, nekkverri, Greg. 16, 79, Eluc. 27, Bs. i. 352: acc. nekkvern, nekkverja, Grág. i. 41, ii. 251, 270, 313, Fms. x. 381, 390, 391, Greg. 15, Bs. i. 337, 344 (line 14), 352: nom. pl. masc. and fem. nekkverir, nekkverjar, Grág. ii. 205, Bs. …
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f. [nökviðr], nakedness.
I)
conj.
1) except, save, but;
þoriga ek segja ~ þér einum, I dare not tell any one save thee alone;
engi … ~, no … but, no (not any) other than (Grani vildi undir øngum manni ganga ~ Sigurði);
2) with subj. unless;
engir þóttu lögligir dómar dœmdir, ~ hann væri við, unless he had a hand in them;
3) save that;
~ ek hálsaða herjans stilli einu sinni, save that I once fell on the king’s neck;
4) veit ek eigi ~, hverr veit ~, I don’t know, (who knows) but that;
may be, perhaps (hverr veit ~ ek verða víða frægr um síðir);
5) því at eins, ~, only in the case, if;
ráðit þér því at eins á þá ~ þér séð allir sem øruggastir, do not attack them unless you are all most steadfast and dauntless;
6) ~ heldr, but rather (eigi má þat menn kalla, ~ heldr hunda);
7) nor, = né, hvárki sverð ~ øxi, neither sword nor axe.
II)
(nem; nam, námum; numinn), v.
1) to take, take in use, take possession of (ef þú nemr þér jörð á Íslandi);
~ land, to take possession of land, as a settler (hann nam Eyjafjörð allan);
~ konu, to carry off, abduct a woman;
~ stað or staðar, stop, halt (hér munum vér stað or staðar ~); …
1. conj. [compounded of the negative particle ne, and the adverb if or ef (q. v.) in an older dissyllabic form ifa; for the change of f into m see the introduction; cp. Ulf. nibai; A. S. nemne, nimne; O. H. G. nibu, nibi, nubi; Hel. nebu; early Swed. num; cp. Lat. ni-si, see Grimm’s Gramm. iii. 724.]
B. Except, save, but; manngi, nema einn Agnarr, Gm. 2; nema þér einum, Vkv. 24; allra nema einna, 26, Ls. 11; nema við þat lík at lifa, Hm. 96; nema sá einn Áss, Ls. 11; hvar kómu feðr várir þess, … hvar nema alls hvergi? Ísl. ii. 236; öngu nema lífinu, Nj. 7; öllu gózi nema búinu, Fms. ix. 470; engi nema þú einn, Barl. 207; engi nema Bergþórr, Fms. vii. 141; kom viðrinn á kirkju-sand, nema tvau tré kómu á Raufarnes, save that two trees came to R., Landn. 51, v. l.; Ólafr hafði mörg sár ok flest smá, nema tvau vóru nökkvi mest, Fb. i. 501; nema ek hélt, Óg. 23; þeir blandask eyvitar við aðra ísa nema sér einum heldr hann, Sks. 176 B; vætki of sýti’k nema hræðumk helvíti, Hallfred; lét Koðran skíra sik ok hjú hans öll, nema Ormr vildi eigi við trú taka, Bs. i. 5.
II. …
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(-ta, -t), v. to be minded or inclined, be willing, feel disposed, with dat. or infin. (hann nennti eigi starfi því ok áhyggju); mun ek eigi ~ öðru en fara í móti þeim, I can no longer forbear going against them; Hrafn nennti eigi at starfa, H. did not care to work, was lazy; with subj., ek nenni eigi, at, I cannot bear that (nenni ek eigi, at þat sé mælt, at); ~ e-m, to attend on one, to grant one’s love to one.
u, f. energy, nennu-lauss, adj. listless, idle, Al. 100.
(-ta, -t), v. to be minded or inclined, be willing, feel disposed, with dat. or infin. (hann nennti eigi starfi því ok áhyggju); mun ek eigi ~ öðru en fara í móti þeim, I can no longer forbear going against them; Hrafn nennti eigi at starfa, H. did not care to work, was lazy; with subj., ek nenni eigi, at, I cannot bear that (nenni ek eigi, at þat sé mælt, at); ~ e-m, to attend on one, to grant one’s love to one.
t, [Ulf. nanþjan = τολμαν; A. S. nêþan; O. H. G. nendian, whence the Germ. pr. name Ferdi-nand = the doughty, striving]:—to strive, with dat. or infin., but only used in peculiar phrases; nenna e-u or n. at göra e-t, to have a heart, mind for a thing; hann nennti eigi starfi því ok áhyggju, Bs. i. 450; sem synir mínir nenni eigi (cannot bear) þessari kyrrsetu lengr, Ld. 262; mun ek eigi n. öðru (I cannot longer forbear to) en fara í móti þeim, Fb. ii. 41; hann kvaðsk eigi lengr nenna at þola háð ok spott, Ísl. ii. 269; ek nennta at vísu at neyta vápna, 366; þeir nenntu eigi at verja sik, Orkn. 78; ólíkr er Gísli at þolinmæði, þvíat þessu mundu engir nenna at ljá nú gripina, þannig sem hann er áðr beiddr, Gísl. 112; eigi nenni ek (I have no mind) at hafa þat saman at veita Högna enda drepa bróður hans, Nj. 145; slíkar eptir-görðir sem hverr nennti (was minded) framast at göra eptir sinn vin eða náung, Fms. viii. 103; ef nokkorir eru þeir er nenna (who wish) at hverfa aptr til bæjarins, 320; nú nenni ek eigi at vér farim svá halloki, Fær. 228; eigi nenni ek því (I cannot forbear) at marka hann eigi, Fms. …
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f. activity, energy.
f. activity, energy, Edda 109, Fms. v. 177 (in a verse), Hom. (St.)
COMPDS: nenningarlauss, nenningarleysi.
a. slothful, lazy.
adj. slothful, Fms. iii. 158, Fbr. 92 new Ed.
n. slothfulness, inactivity.
n. irksomeness, Grág. i. 301, Róm. 344.
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adj. active, striving, Sighvat, Lex. Poët., and in poët. compds; fjöl-n., marg-n., doing much good work; þrek-n., doughty.
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m. [prob. an assimilated form, qs. neknir, see the remarks s. v. nykr]:—the popular name of the nykr (q. v.), Maurer’s Volks.
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u, f. [napr], chilliness, bitter cold; en undir birtinguna andar köld nepja frá fljótinu, Od. v. 469.
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adv. [Swed. näppeligen], hardly; n. eðr ekki, Stj. 25; þeim vannsk n., the ends did hardly meet, 195.
a.
1) overcome, fainting;
2) deadly (?).
adj. scant; ganga neppr níu fet, to walk with pain nine paces, Vsp.; fjör-neppr, scant of life, Fbr. (in a verse); nauð görir neppa kosti, Rkv.
(gen. pl. nesja), n. ness, headland (n. mikit gekk í sæ út).
n., gen. pl. nesja, dat. nesjum, [A. S. næs; Engl. ness; Germ. nase; Lat. nasus = nose; as also nös nasar, = the nostrils, are kindred words]:—a ness projecting into the sea or a lake; undir nesi einu, Nj. 43; nes mikit gékk í sæ út, Eg. 129; nesit þat er fram gékk í sjóinn, Fbr. 89 new Ed.; vatn þat er nes liggr í, Ísl. ii. 345: even of a river (= oddi), Nj. 95, 96; ann-nes or and-nes, q. v.: of a slip of land, búar skulu rétta merki, ok jamna þar nesjum saman, Grág. ii. 262, 263.
II. freq. in local names, Nes, in plur. and sing. Nesjum, and in compds, Álpta-nes, Laugar-nes, Langa-nes, Mjóva-nes, Suðr-nes, Norð-nes, Landn., Fms., and map of Iceland; in Norway, Nesjar, f. pl. (see Gramm. p. xxvii, col. 2), whence Nesja-bardagi, -orusta, the battle of N., fought on Palm Sunday, A. D. 1014; Nesja-vísur, a song on the battle of N., Ó. H.: in Scotland, Kata-nes, and Nes, = Caithness, Orkn. passim; austr á Nesjum, Fms. ix. 421, of the coast of Scotland as seen from the Isle of Man; as also in many Engl. and Scot. local names.
COMPDS: …
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n. travelling provisions.
n., mod. nesti, n. [A. S. nest; Dan. niste]:—viands, provisions, Lat. viaticum; hann batt nest þeirra allt í einn bagga ok lagði á bak sér, Edda 29; ok vóru á öðrum vistir þeirra bræðra ok ætlaðar þeim til nests, Ísl. ii. 342; skal hann bera, ef hann vill, nest sitt til skips, N. G. L. i. 143; veg-nest, viaticum, Hm. 11; far-nest, q. v.: allit., með nesti og nýja skó, furnished with ‘nest’ and new shoes. nestis-lauss, adj. without nest.
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t; nesta sik, to provide oneself with food.
II. to pin = nista; ok næsti (sic) hann út við borðit, O. H. L. 20.
m. provision-bag, wallet.
a, m. a ‘nest’ bag, wallet, Edda 29.
n. pl. ‘the end of the provisions’, only in the phrase, at ~um, at last, finally.
n. pl. the ‘bottom of the bag;’ in the adverb. phrase, at nestlokum, at last, finally, Bs. i. 417 (at nêst lokum Ed.); en at nestlokum sverði höggvinn, Blas. 51; mon ok Goð láta eldinn ganga yfir heiminn at nestlokonom, Hom. (St.); at nestlokum krossfestr, 656 B. 4; at n. vinnr Már á Þórði, Sturl. i. 10: with gen., at nestlokum málsins, 23, v. l.; at nestlokum æfinnar, Hom. (St.)
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Ness lava, Landn.
m. headland.
a, m. a headland, Fms. iii. 44.
m. ‘ness-king’, petty king.
m. a ‘ness-king,’ a nickname of the old sea kings, who had no lands, but their ships, for a kingdom, Fms. ix. 255; skjótt man eigi vanta annan tíma neskonunga í Noregi ef því skal fram haldask, N. G. L. iii. 33; þá munu margir verða neskonungar brátt, Fms. ix. 255.
m. ‘ness-king’, petty king.
a pr. name, Baut. 402.
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m. pl. the men from Nes, Landn.
n., nema ~, to make a ‘ness-raid’.
n.; nema nesnám, to make a ‘ness-raid,’ a term used by the old vikings when they landed on narrow headlands and took cattle and provisions by force; nema nesnám ok höggva strandhögg, Eg. 81, Orkn 64, Fms. i. 195.
m. point of a ness.
or nes-tangi, a, m. a point of a ness, Nj. 125, Fms. vii. 361, Fs. 51.
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f. pl. the people of Caithness, Fms. x.
(gen. pl. netja), n. net, fishing-net (þeir fara til netja).
n., gen. pl. netja, dat. netjum, [Ulf. nati = δίκτυον; A. S. and Engl. net; Hel. neti; Germ. netz; Swed. nät]:—a net; tók hann lín ok garn ok reið á möskva svá sem net er síðan, Edda 39 (in the mythical story of the origin of the net as an invention of Loki); ef maðr hittir net í látrum sínum ok sel í, þá á hann net ok svá sel, til hinn leysir landnámi net út, N. G. L. i. 45; nú tekr maðr síld ór netjum manna, ii. 136; leggja net í á, Grág. ii. 350; hvárki net né öngla, K. Þ. K.; netja spell, damage of nets, N. G. L. ii. 136, 137; netja stæði—netlög. Boldt 134; netja veiðr, a net-haul, id.; ríða net, to make a net; drag-net, a drag-net, draw-net; lag-net, a lag-net; slag-net, a casting-net, for catching birds:—metaph., net lifrar = reticulum jecoris, Stj. 310. Exod. xxix. 13, 22.
I)
(að), v. to net, entangle.
II)
f. caul, omentum.
1. að, to net, catch: metaph. netjaðr, netted, entangled, Fms. x. 404; allri skurðgoða villu er hann hefir yðr í netjað, i. 282; er hann nú svá í netjaðr ást hennar, Str. 24:—reflex., netjask í bandi, H. E. i. 238, Str. 9.
2. u, f. the net-like caul of fat enclosing the stomach of animals, Lat. omentum, Stj. 250, Sks. 129, and in mod. usage.
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adj. neat, handsome, (mod. and for.)
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m. neatness, (mod.)
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f. pl., and net-kubbar, m. pl. the quills of a net.
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n. the neck or throat of a net, Post. 656 C. 5.
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f. pl. places where nets are spread.
n. pl. ‘net-layings’, a place where nets are spread.
n. pl. ‘net-layings’, i. e. the right of laying nets in certain waters; hann skyldi rýma netlögin fyrir þeim, Fs. 35; kirkja á selveiði við Eiðsker ok tvau netlög, Vm. 57; menn eigu at veiða fyrir útan netlög at úsekju, Grág. ii. 358.
a. that may be caught in a net.
adj. that may be caught in a net; netnæmir fiskar, Grág. i. 149.
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f. = netlagnir, on the sea, D. N. ii. 4.
m. net-line, edge-rope of a net.
m. the upper net-line, bordering the net, Edda 39.
f. distress, = nauð.
f. need, distress, Hkr. iii. 288, Stj. 182, 213; this form is very freq. in mod. usage, esp. in hymns, Vídal., the Bible, instead of the older nauð (q. v.), e. g. Pass. 41. 1.
COMPDS: neyðarkostr, neyðarúrræði.
(-dda, -ddr), v. to force, compel (n. e-n til e-s).
d, [nauð], to force, compel; neyða e-n til e-s, Grág. i. 306, O. H. L. 41; ek þykkjumk þó mjök neyddr til hafa verit, Nj. 88; þeir neyddu hann og sögðu, Luke xxiv. 29, passim in mod. usage: to subdue, hann neyddi útrú Gyðinga, Hom. 42.
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m. a dire choice.
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n. pl. dire expedients.
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n. common salt, Gþl. 430.
(-tta, -ttr), v.
1) to use, make use of, with gen. (koma num þar, at vér munum þess ~);
2) to consume;
~ matar, to eat;
3) with acc.; margs kyns vápn, má þau vel ~ á skipi, they may well be used in ships;
4) with preps.,
~ af e-u, to eat of it (~ af því opt);
~ e-t upp, to consume, waste (þeir er alla peninga sína ~ upp í ofáti ok ofdrykkju).
t, [nautr, njóta; Germ. nätzen; A. S. notian; Old Engl. and Scot. note], to use, enjoy, with gen. or absol.; neyta fjár-nytjar þeirrar, to use the milk, Grág. i. 428; koma mun þar at vér munum þess n., Nj. 232; þeim er neytti eðr njóta þyrfti þessa vættis, 238; ok svá allra gagna til at neyta, Grág. ii. 81; þar er menn selja hross sín til geymslu á alþingi at lögmáli, skal sá, er við hefir tekit, at engu neyta, 140; nefnir hann sér vætti þat at lögum, at njóta ok neyta, ii. 79.
2. to consume; neyta matar, to eat, Gísl. 16; at neyta þeirra kykvenda allra er nú eru æt kölluð, Ver. 9; hvers hann hafði neytt ok hvers úneytt, Grág. i. 155.
3. with acc., (less correct and prob. a Norwegianism); vápn, má þau vel neyta á skipi, they may well be used in ships, Sks. 388 B; er alla penninga sína neyta upp (consume, waste) í ofáti ok ofdrykkju, Skálda 208: to eat, skulut þit alla hluti neyta, Sks. 500 B; fyrir því at þú neyttir kviðjaðan ávöxt jarðar, 548 B:—with dat., in translations influenced by the Lat.uti with abl., neytti hann ílla frjálsu sjálfræði, Mar.; valdsmenn þeir er ílla neyta sínu valdi, Stat. …
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I)
n. use, profit = not (hafa bæði jarðkost fjallanna ok þó ~ af sjónum).
II)
n. company (~ hefir sá er nítján menn fylgja).
n. [nautr], fellowship, mateship, a company; neyti eru nítján menn, nineteen make a company, Edda 208; bera vætti með neyti þat (with other fellow-witnesses) er ek fæ þér til, Grág. ii. 54; leysa þann kvið af hendi þegar er þeir hafa neyti at, i. 54: esp. in compds, mötu-neyti, föru-n., ráðu-n., lögu-n. (q. v.), etc.
2. use; hafa jarðkost fjallanna ok þó neyti (= not, q. v.) af sjónum, Fs. 20.
II. [naut], cattle, in compds, kú-neyti, blót-n., ung-n., q. v.
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f. the using a thing, tasting, neytingar-vatn, n. water for domestic use, Gísl. 28, (mod. esp. of drinking water, opp. to water for washing.)
a. good, fit for use (vápn þau, sem neyt eru); of persons, good, useful (Kolbeinn féll ok margir aðrir neytir menn).
adj. good, fit for use; vápn þat er neytt sé, Grett. 99 A; hesta alla þá er neytir eru, Sturl. iii. 237:—neytr at e-u, good for something, at hví neyt sé, for what they are useful, Grág. ii. 266; n. til e-s, andvana lík til einskis neytt, Pass. 4. 23: of persons, good, useful, Kolbeinn féll ok margrir aðrir neytir menn, Bs. i. 141.
f.
1) use;
2) nourishment.
u, f. a using, consuming, Barl. 14, 23.
COMPDS: neyzlugrannr, neyslusalt, neyzluvatn.
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adj. one who requires little nourishment; hann er n., opp. to neyzlu-frekr.
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n. = neytingarvatn.
f. button-loop.
or nestla, u, f. [nisti], a loop to fasten a cloak or the like, Þorf. Karl. ch. 7: mod. hnezla or hnesla, passim.
a. superl. nethermost, lowest, undermost; cf. neðri.
= neðstr, see neðri, Barl. 155, passim.
n.
1) contumely, derision (segja e-m ~);
2) libel (yrkja, kveða ~ um e-n);
3) insult by carving a person’s likeness (tréníð) on an upraised post or pole (níðstöng).
f., pl. niðar, N. G. L. i. 29; dat. pl. niðjum, Vsp. 6 (later niðum); the gender is seen from the pl. niðar (l. c.) from the compd niðar- below, as also from the provinc. Norse and Swed. near; [Swed. nedar; Dan. næ; Ivar Aasen near]:—the wane of the moon, when there is ‘no moon;’ it is in use in Sweden and Denmark, but now obsolete in Iceland, except in the compd niða-myrkr, qs. niðar-myrkr; in old writers esp. in the allit. phrases, ný ok nið, full moon and no moon, Vþm. 25; Máni stýrir göngu tungls ok ræðr nýjum ok niðum, Edda 7; um ny hit næsta ok niðar (acc. pl.), N. G. L. i. 29; nótt með niðum, Vþm. 24; nótt ok niðjum (i. e. niðum) nöfn um gáfu, Vsp. 6; máni, ný, nið, Edda 76: poët., niða borg = the heaven, Skálda (in a verse).
COMPDS: Nlðafjöll, niðamyrkr.
(-dda, -ddr), v.
1) to libel, lampoon;
2) refl., níðast á e-m, to behave in a dastardly way to a person (at Noregsmenn höfðu níðst á Ólafi konungi); ~ á e-u, to act basely in a thing (hvárki skal ek á þessu ~ ok á engu öðru því er mér er til trúat); ~ á trú sinni, to apostatize.
að, = gniða (q. v.), to rub, Grett. 151 A: to murmur, of water.
n. pitch-darkness; niðamyrkar var á, it was pitch-dark.
n. ‘nið-mirk,’ pitch darkness and no moon; þeir höfðu skriðljós með sér, en niðamyrkr var úti, Ó. H. 71, Fms. ii. 5; n. var á, Eg. 216, 235, Fms. viii. 429: the word is now used without thinking of the moon, simply = pitch darkness; also kol-niðamyrkr, coal-pitch-dark.
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a, m. the name of a dwarf, from nið (no moon), Vsp., Edda (Gl.)
(-s, -ar), m. descendant (niðr ok ~); cf. átt~.
m. = niðr, a son, relative, Rm. 38, Lex. Poët.:—the name of a dwarf, from nið, f. (q. v.)
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(-s, pl. niðjar, acc. niði, gen. niðja), m. son, kinsman, relative.
II)
adv.
1) down (hann féll dauðr ~); setjast ~, to sit down; fœra ~ korn, to sow corn;
2) of direction without motion, down, downward (n. ok norðr liggr helvegr).
m., better gniðr, [from gniða], the murmur of running water, of a brook, stream, ár-niðr, lækjar-niðr, prop. the wearing of the water against the pebbles at the bottom; the word is very freq. in mod. usage.
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(-s, pl. niðjar, acc. niði, gen. niðja), m. son, kinsman, relative.
II)
adv.
1) down (hann féll dauðr ~); setjast ~, to sit down; fœra ~ korn, to sow corn;
2) of direction without motion, down, downward (n. ok norðr liggr helvegr).
1. m. some of the cases of which are taken from niðr (gen. niðs), some from a supposed niði (gen. niðja); from the former are nom. niðr, acc. nið, gen. niðs; from the latter, the plur. niðjar, niðja, niðjum; an acc. sing. niðja also occurs, Ó. H. (in a verse), as also gen. sing. niðja, Bragi; cp. also langniðjar: [Ulf. niþjis = συγγενής]:—a son, and hence of any kinsman, a descendant; nema reisi niðr at nið, man after man, Hm. 71; Börs niðr, the son of B. = Odin, Eg. (in a verse); Fjölnis niðr, Yggs niðr, the son of F., of Ygg, Ýt. 6, Fagrsk. (in a verse); Ása niðr, the scion of the A., Ht.; sjávarniðr, the sea’s kinsman = fire, Ýt. 4.
II. in the law it seems to mean distant relatives (cp. Grág. i. 171 and 237), which is confirmed by the use of the word in the early Swed. niþ, and in niþararf, which, according to Schlyter, means devolution to distant relatives; niðr would therefore answer to mod. Icel. útarfar, as opp. to frændr: it occurs chiefiy in the allit. phrase, inn nánasti niðr, the nearest nið, Grág. i. 171, 175; til ens nánasta niðs, 237; nú lifir ekki þeirra manna, þá skal taka inn nánasti niðr frjáls-borinna manna ok arfgengr, 171; …
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(að), v.
1) to put down, lower (n. e-m or e-u);
2) to abase, humble.
að, mod. hniðra, [Scot. nidder], to put down, lower, with dat.; niðra e-m or e-u; n. blótum, Fb. i. 63; n. drambi e-s, Al. 10; þeir er mér vildu n., Fms. ix. 278; hafa hans frændr niðrat mínum ættmönnum, 306; hver sem mér n. vildi, Pass. 24. 11; ok Guðs andskotum at n., Bær. 18; neist ok niðrat, Bs., with acc. Stj. 67: mod. to pull down, revile, passim in mod. usage.
f. degradation, shame.
f., mod. hniðran, degradation, shame, Fms. i. 208, viii. 448 (v. l.), x. 305, Sks. 775 B, Bs. i. 738.
adv.
1) down, in a low position; undir þiljum ~, down in the hull; við sjó ~, down at the sea; down, under the surface of water (konungr fœrði hann þegar í kaf ok hélt honum ~ lengi); below the horizon (meðan lönd eru ~); þeir skoðuðu hann uppi ok ~, up and down, all over;
2) undir ~, below, down (undir ~ í dalnum); secretly (hann elskaði aðra konu undir ~).
adv., see niðr B. niðri-vist, f. a remaining below, Fms. vii. 166.
a. bent downward.
adj. crooked; n. nef, Rm. 10, Ó. T. (in a verse).
n. destruction.
n. a ‘down-break,’ destruction, Rb. 332, Mar., Fms. v. 163. niðrbrots-maðr, m. a destroyer, Bs. i. 724.
m. destroyer.
a, m. a destroyer, Bs. i. 733.
m. dragging down.
m. a dragging down, Fb. i. 307.
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n. a pulling down, H. E. i. 497.
n.
1) downfall;
2) dropping of a case (handsala mér ~ at sökinni);
3) loss (hann virði sér þat mikit ~ vera, er þá var slíks manns við mist);
4) decay, ruin.
n. a downfall, Stj. 9, Sks. 146, Barl. 89:—destruction, dilapidation, N. G. L. i. 343:—metaph. decay, ruin, Stj. 65, Sks. 450: downfall, loss, Fms. x. 31 (v. l.), Bs. i. 92, 132: as a law term, the dropping of a case, handsala n. at sökum, Nj. 21, passim.:—a plague, Mar. niðrfalls-sótt, f. epilepsy, Mar.
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f. descent, Bev.
f. descent.
u, f. descent, Bret. 32: setting of the sun, Rb. 472, 476.
m. descent.
m. = niðrganga:—medic. diarrhoea.
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u, f. a coming down, Mar.
n.
1) end, conclusion;
2) slaughtering for household use (var þar betri einn sauðr til ~s en tveir annars staðar).
n. an end, conclusion; at niðrlagi mánaðarins, Rb. 28: a saying, lítið upphaf görir stundum ágætt n., MS. 4. 9:—of a verse, book, or the like, upphaf ok n. vísu, Vígl. 30; ok er eitt n. (one burden) á öllum, Hkr. iii. 71: lýkr hér sögunni með svá föllnu niðrlagi ok enda, Fas. iii. 452.
II. the storing up meat for household use; var þar betri einn sauðr til niðrlags en tveir annars-staðar, Grett. 137 A; lét hann þat standa á niðrlögum sínum, Fas. iii. 383.
a. down-looking, downcast.
adj. down-looking, Stj. 20, 71, Karl. 553.
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adj. ‘down-louting,’ downcast, Sighvat, Pass. 16.
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d, to dilapidate, esp. of a farm; jörðin er niðrnídd, the estate is let down, is in a bad condition.
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að, to arrange; niðr-raðan, f. order, arrangement.
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u, f. = niðrsetningr.
f. burial.
f. a setting down, burying, Bs. i. 132.
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m. a pauper, from being distributed (set down) in Icel. among the different households in a parish, (setja e-n niðr á hreppinn.)
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u, f. the final end, conclusion of a thing; það var niðrstaðan á því.
f. descent.
u, f. a descent, Sks. 56.
f. descent.
f. a descent, Stj. 376, Niðrst. 8, Sks. 55, passim, niðrstigningar-Saga, u, f. the History of the Descent into Hell (sec List of Authors F. III), Am. 3.
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steig, to descend: part. niðrstiginn, descended, Bs. i. 823.
f. pulling down.
u, f. a pulling down, Fms. xi. 431.
n. overthrow (með órgurligu ~i).
n. an overthrowing, Sks. 526.
a. wide beneath.
adj. wide or large beneath. Fas. ii. 343.
n. pl. weregild.
n. pl. weregild after the slaughter of a relative or the weregild payable to the more distant relatives of the slain, opp. to the höfuðbaugr; or even simply = weregild, gjalda hinn vegna niðgjöldum, Grág. ii. 63, 79; skal þessa menn alla gjalda niðgjöldum, 131; þá menn alla skal jamt aptr gjalda niðgjöldum, sem þeir sé vegnir, þótt þeir lifi, svá er mælt, at þat sumar skal niðgjalda heimting upp hetja, er …, Grág. ii. 185; gjaldi sendimenn konungs niðgjöldum, Eg. 575, v. l.
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f. the lineage of agnates, Ýt.
n. = niðamyrkr.
n. = niða myrkr, Gkv. 2. 12, Fær. 171, Sks. 202, Orkn. 110 (v. l.), 432, Gísl. 60.
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adv. hideously; geispa n., Fb. i. 259.
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n. [O. H. G. nibul; Germ. nebel; Lat. nebula; Gr. νεφέλη]:—a mist, fog; this ancient word is obsolete in the Northern languages, and solely remains in COMPDS, chiefly mythol.: nifl-farinn, part. gone towards the dark, i. e. the dead, a απ. λεγ., Akv. 33. nifl-góðr, adj. a απ. λεγ. in a doubtful passage, Stor. 15. Nifl-hel, f. the Tartarus of the heathen mythology, deeper down than Hel (Hades); wicked men are said to die a second death and pass from Hel into Niflhel; fyrir Niflhel neðan, hinnig deyja or Helju halir, Vþm. 43; ríða norðr til Niflheljar, Vtkv. 2; vándir menn fara til Heljar ok þaðan í Niflhel, Edda; ok sendi hann (the giant) niðr undir Niflhel, 27. Nifl-heimr, m. Hades, Edda 18,—Hel kastaði hann í Niflheim ok gaf henni vald yfir níu heimum, Edda 4; fyrr var þat mörgum öldum en jörð var sköpuð, er Niflheimr var görr, 3. nifl-vegr, m. pl. the foggy way, Gg. 13.
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n. pl. the Niebelungen, of the Germ. tales; the older form hniflungar (q. v.) shews that the word cannot be derived from nifl; the derivation in Edda 104, 105 (from king Nefir) is fanciful, and a later invention; hodd Niflunga (hniflunga?) = Nibelungen hort, Akv.; Niflunga skattr, id.; Niflunga arfr, id., Bm.
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Nikuðs, Nikarr, m. one of the names of Ódin, Gm., Edda (Gl.); but, as suggested by Finn Magnusson in Lex. Mythol. s. v., it no doubt was originally the name of Neptune or a water-goblin, cp. Nykr.
f. female relative, sister (poet.).
f., acc. nipti, as if from niptr, Hkv. 2. 28, [nefi]:—a female relative, Edda (Gl.): a sister, ek hefi nauðigr nipti grætta, Hkv. 2. 28; nipt ok dísi nú mun ek telja, Edda (Gl.); nipt Nara = Hel, Höfuðl. 9, cp. Edda 18; Njörfa nipt, id., Stor. 24; nipt Nera, of a weird sister, Hkv. 1. 4; nipt Tveggia bága (= the sister of Fenrir = Hela) Stor. 24: a daughter, heil Nótt ok nipt, hail Night and daughter = the Earth, Sdm. 3, see Edda 7: a niece, Freys nipt, the niece of Frey, i. e. Hnoss, the daughter of Frey’s sister Freyja, Edda (in a verse):—of a nun, as it seems, Sighvat (in a verse):—hlað-nipt, see hlað.
n. brooch, pin.
n. = nest, q. v.
n. brooch, pin.
and nisti, n. a brooch or pin, as also a locket; that it was shaped like a pin is seen from the verb nista, see Worsaae, Nos. 371–373, 384 sqq., 425 sqq.; Halldórr hafði yfir sér skikkju ok á nist löng sem þá var títt, … sprettr Halldórr upp svá hart at nistin rifnaði (sic) af skikkjunni, Ld. 322; dóttir skal hafa kross ok kingu ok nisti öll, ef vegr eyri eðr minna, af silfri gör, N. G. L. i. 211 (Js. 78); hón fór ór fötum ok spretti frá sér félitlu nisti, Bs. i. 337; bleikr ásýndar sem nesta gull, Fms. v. 345; fimm sylgjur ok þrjú nisti, Bs. i. 874; hón hefir menit á hálsi sér ok nistin horfðu niðr, Fb. i. 276.
(-sta, -str), v.
1) to pin, nail fast, esp. to pin with a weapon (þá var hann skotinn gaflaki í óstinn ok nistr svá við garðinn);
2) to pierce (with a sword or spear).
1. t, erroneously proncd. nísta:—to pin, nail fast, esp. to pin with a weapon; sú (the arrow) nisti klæði hans við gólfit, Fms. i. 269; spjótið hafði nist allt saman fótinn ok brókina, Eb. 242; ok nisti hann svá dauðan út við borðinu, Sturl. iii. 66; ok nistir hann niðr við klakann, Finnb. 286; ok nistí hann við rist honum skjöldinn, Rd. 267; ok ætlaði at n. hann í gegnum við hallar-vegginn, Stj. 466; var hann skotinn gaflaki í óstinn ok nistr svo niðr við garðinn, Sturl. i. 112; ok nistir svá tunguna niðr við kverkrnar, Al. 77; ok nisti hann svá at öll námu staðar í hjartanu, Stj. 534; nist sverði, pierced with a sword, Lil. 56, cp. Líkn. 16. 32: the phrase, nístandi kuldi, piercing cold, not from gnísta, q. v.
2. t, [from nesti, as gista from gestr], to provide with viands; ok nisti alia, N. G. L. i. 136; skal hann ok alla nista þá ef þess þarf viðr, ii. 352, v. l.; sá er úlfgi nistir, who never feeds (the wolf) never fights, Km. 22, see Lex. Poët. s. v.
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m. a little pin; n. silki-treyju, silk-jacket-pin, an ironical circumlocution for a man, Skíða R. 186.
f. fastening.
f. = nist; dálkrinn er ór feldi mínum ok vil ek at þú saumir á nisting, Glúm. 343; ný nisting, Edda (in a verse).
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f. = gnit, q. v.
n.
1) contumely, derision (segja e-m ~);
2) libel (yrkja, kveða ~ um e-n);
3) insult by carving a person’s likeness (tréníð) on an upraised post or pole (níðstöng).
1. n. [Ulf. neiþ = φθόνος; A. S. nîð; O. H. G. nid; Germ. neid; Dan.-Swed. nid]:—contumely, Vsp. 56; segja e-m níð, Akv. 35.
2. particularly as a law term, a libel, liable to outlawry:—of a libel in verse, yrkja, kveða níð um e-n, Nj. 70; ef maðr kveðr níð um mann at lögbergi ok varðar skóggang, Grág. (Kb.) ii. 184: the classical passages in the Sagas are Hkr. O. T. ch. 36, cp. Jómsv. S. ch. 13 (Fms. xi. 42, 43), Kristni S. ch. 4, Nj. ch. 45, Bjarn. 33 (the verse). Another and even graver kind of níð was the carving a person’s likeness (tré-níð) in an obscene position on an upraised post or pole (níð-stöng), for an instance of which see Bjarn. 33; ef maðr görir níð um annan ok varðar þat fjörbaugs-garð, en þat er níð ef maðr skerr tréníð manni eðr rístr eða reisir manni níðstöng, Grág. i. 147; when the post was set up, a horse’s head was also put up, and a man’s head was carved on the pole’s end, with dire Runes and imprecations; all this is described in a lively manner in Eg. ch. 60 and Vd. ch. 34, Landn. 4. ch. 4, Rd. ch. 25. The beina-kerlinga-vísur of mod. times are no doubt a remnant of the old níðstöng; …
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(-dda, -ddr), v.
1) to libel, lampoon;
2) refl., níðast á e-m, to behave in a dastardly way to a person (at Noregsmenn höfðu níðst á Ólafi konungi); ~ á e-u, to act basely in a thing (hvárki skal ek á þessu ~ ok á engu öðru því er mér er til trúat); ~ á trú sinni, to apostatize.
d, [níð, n.], to lampoon, libel, Nj. 66, Fms. i. 153, vii. 60, Eg. 415: to revile.
II. reflex., níðask á e-m, to behave shamefully to a person, thus to slay a defenceless man in his deep or the like; á engum manni níðumk ek, Fms. vii. 314; Noregs-menn höfðu níðsk á Olafi konungi, vi. 7; eigi vil ek níðask á þér, Nj. 60: of a thing, níðask á e-u, to break one’s faith; hvárki skal ek á þessu níðask né á öngu öðru því er mér er trúat til, Nj. 112; er þú níðisk á drykkju við gamalmenni, Fms. vi. 241; níðask á trú sinni, to apostatise, i. 126.
(-s, -ar), m. villain, scoundrel, vile wretch; apostate.
m. [A. S. or Early E. nidering = slander], a nithing, villain, legally the strongest term of abuse (like Germ. ehrloser), for a traitor, a truce-breaker, one who commits a deed of wanton cruelty, a coward, and the like; sækjask sér um líkir, saman níðingar skríða, a saying, Fms. ix. 389; minnsk þess at sá er einu sinni deyr níðingr verðr alldri öðru sinni drengr, N. G. L. ii. 420; þú ert miklu meiri n. en dugandi manni sæmi at eiga þik at mági, Ísl. ii. 377; heit hvers manns níðingr ella, Nj. 176; en þú ver hvers manns n. ef þú þorir eigi, Eg. 351; þeir búðu níðinginn þegja, sögðu hann nú sem fyrr útryggjan, Fms. ix. 52: an apostate (trú-n., Guð-n.), Julianus níðingr = Julian the Apostate, Ver. 48; grið-n. (q. v.) a truce-breaker:—a niggard, miser, mann-n., mat-n., q. v.
COMPDS: níðingsherr, níðingsnafn, níðingsorð, níðingsráð, níðingsskapr, níðingssunr, níðingssök, níðingsverk, níðingsvíg.
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m. a band of traitors, N. G. L, i. 56.
n. the name of a villain; bera ~, to be called a níðingr.
n. the name (title) of a nithing, Fms. viii. 66, v. l.; bera n., Eg. 492.
n. = níðingsnafn.
n. the name of being a nithing, Fms. viii. 65.
n. a villainous plot.
n. a villanous plot, Sks. 763.
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m. villainy, Greit. 157, Fms. vii. 18, xi. 264.
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m. nithing’s son, a term of abuse, Bær. 13.
f. a charge of villainy.
f. a charge of villainy, Stj. 555, Sks. 764.
n. dastard’s work, villainy.
n. a dastard’s work, villainy, Fms. vii. 296, Eg. 415, Gþl. 133 (of high treason): of the three ‘nithing’s works’ to which the mythical hero Starkad was doomed, see Gautr. S. ch. 7.
n. foul murder.
n. a ‘foul murder,’ Fas. i. 331, Fms. xi. 339, Hkr. iii. 425, Eg. 415, Gþl. 133; defined as a law term in N. G. L. i. 66.
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adj. (-liga, adv.), villanous, Sks. 456, Or. 29, Karl. 27.
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m. the name of a mythical serpent, Vsp.
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adv.; tala n., to use foul language, Grett. 116.
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f. the raising a pole of níð, Bjarn. 33.
a. mean, villainous.
adj. mean, villanous, Sks. 456.
a. libellous, of a poet.
adj. libellous, of a poet, Ísl. ii. 203, Sturl. ii. 39, Fs. 86.
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adj. (níð-skældinn, Grett. 92 A), Ísl. ii. 203, v. l.
f. pole of insult.
f. a ‘nið-pole,’ see níð, Eg. 389, Grág. ii. 147.
n. villainy.
n. villainy, Sks. 571 B.
f. lampoon, insulting verse.
u, f. a lampoon, Hkr. i. 227.
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u, f. and nípr, m. a peak; see guípa and gnípr.
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t, to gnash, = gnísta, q. v.
II. to pin, see nista.
(að, or -tta, -ttr), v. to deny, refuse, with dat.
tt, (nítta, að, Hom. 124), to deny = neita (q. v.), Stj. 44, 119, 143, Nj. 80, Hom. 78, Grág. i. 347; níttaði, Hom. 124.
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adj., to be said nay to, ekki n. kostr, a choice not to be refused, Bjarn. 47.
a. nineteen.
a cardinal number, nineteen, 415. 9, passim.
a. nine (níu eru himnar).
a cardinal number, [Ulf. niun, and so in all South-Teut, languages with a final n, which has been suppressed in the Norse and Icel.; Swed. nio; Dan. ni]:—nine, passim; níu vikna fasta, beginning on Septuagesima Sunday, Rb. 504.
f. body of nine; þrennar ~ir meyja, three nines of maids.
f. a nonad, a body of nine; þrennar níundir meyja, three bevies of maids, nine each, Hkv. Hjörv. 28 (not mundir, see Bugge l. c. in the foot-note).
a. ninth.
the ninth, passim.
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m. pl. (mod. níu-tíu, indecl.), ninety, passim.
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u, f. [níð], niggardness.
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adj. [cp. Dan. gnier], niggardly.
(-dda, -ddr), v. to deny.
d, = neikvæða, to deny, Sks. 576, 586, 654 B, Anecd. 44, Mar. passim.
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adj., eiga níkvætt, to have the ‘jus negandi,’ N. G. L. i. 84.
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adj. measuring ninety (fathoms, ells …); or of age ged ninety years, Fms. x. 13, see Gramm. p. xxi.
a. nineteenth.
the nineteenth.
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the ninetieth.
from Njörðr.
see Njörðr.
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f. the close girdle, epithet of the girdle of Thor, Þd.
m. a charmed lock.
m. a kind of charmed latch, Sól.
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f. a local name in Icel., Landn.; whence Njarð-víkingar, m. pl. the men from N. Njarðvíkinga-Saga, u, f. the Saga of the N., Ld., see List of Authors.
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m. a pr. name [from the Gaelic], Landn.; whence Njáls-brenna, u, f. the burning of Njal, An. 1010, Nj. ch. 130, inscr.: Njáls-Saga (commonly called Njála), named in Þorst. Síðu H. Anal. 170, see List of Authors: in the sayings, vera vitr sem Njáll, to be as wise as Njal; or, Njáls bíta ráðin, a saying quoted as early as by Arngrim in 1593.
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f., and njóla, u, f. a poët. appellation of the night; nótt heitir með mönnum en njól (njóla, Edda 103, l. c.) með goðum, Alm. 31, Edda (Gl.)
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a, m. wild angelica; for the form of this word and the spurious n see jóll.
(pl. -ir), f.
1) spying, scouting, looking out (senda mann á ~, hafa menn á ~um); vera á ~, to be on the look-out;
2) news (engi ~ fór fyrir þeim); gøra e-m ~, to send one intelligence.
f. [Ulf. niuhseins = ἐπισκοπή], a spying, scouting, looking out; á njósn, Hm. 113, Fms. ix. 32; halda til njósn um e-t, Eg. 72, Eb. 188; hafa njósn af, Nj. 5, Eg. 13; senda mann á njósn, Gísl. 60; göra njósn fyrir sér, Fms. vii. 256; halda njósnum, Eb. 186: plur. scouts, spies, njósnir höfðu verit allt suðr í Naumudal, Eg. 93:—news, engi njósn fór fyrir þeim, they came unawares, Fms. i. 19; njósn hafði farit efra um land, Eg. 93; hvárigir höfðu njósn af öðrum, Fms. ix. 365; göra e-m njósn, to send one intelligence, of an impending danger or the like, þá kom til konungs njósn hans, ok höfðu þeir menn sét her Vinda, Ó. H. 240, Eg. 582; ek vil göra þér n. at þeir hafa margar fyrirsátir, Nj. 160; bera njósn, Fb. ii. 52; hann beið þar njósnarinnar. Fms. vii. 256.
COMPDS: njósnarberg, njósnarför, Njósnarhelgi, njósnarmaðr, njósnarskip.
(að), v. to spy (vil ek ~, hvers ek verða víss); ~ um e-t, to spy after, seek to find out (n. um athafnir e-s).
að, [Ulf. bi-niuhsian = κατασκοπειν, Gal. ii. 4; A. S. neôsian; O. H. G. and Hel. niusian]:—to espy; vil ek n. hvers ek verða víss, Eg. 374; n. hvat um hag Ástríðar mundi vera, Fms. i. 68; n. um e-t. Eg. 141; n. um hvers hann yrði víss, Fms. i. 68; n. um ferðir e-s, viii. 183, passim.
n. a look-out hill.
n. a look-out hill, Sturl. iii. 264.
f. spying journey.
f. a spying journey, Stj. 360, v. l.
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a, m. a nickname, Gísl.
m. spy.
m. a spy, Eg. 94, Fms. i. 68, Bs. i. 627, Ó. H. 61, passim.
n. spying-ship.
n., or -skúta, u, f. a spy boat, Nj. 44, Fms. ix. 475.
(nýt; naut, nutum; notit), v.
1) to have the use or benefit of, to enjoy (þú skalt ~ kvikfjár þíns ok verða í brottu frá Helgafelli); skal hann ~ draums síns, he shall have his dream out; njót þú heill handa, good luck go with your hands;
2) to derive benefit from, profit by; Egils nauztu at því, föður þíns, you had your father Egil to thank for that; lítt lætr þú mik ~ frændsemi frá þér, you let me have little profit of kinship with you; nauzt þú nú þess, at ek var eigi við búinn, it was your good fortune that I was not ready for you; ~ e-s við, to receive help at one’s hands; mun ek yðvar verða við at ~, I shall have need of your help; ~ af e-u, to consume (naut vóru œrin, nutum af stórum);
3) impers., ekki nýtr sólar, there is no sun; naut at því mest hans forellris, at, it was chiefly due to his forefathers that; þess naut mjök við í Þrándheimi (it helped greatly), at menn áttu þar mikil forn korn;
4) recipr., ~st, to enjoy each other (Þorveig seiddi til þess, at þau skyldi eigi ~ mega).
pres. nýt; pret. naut, nauzt, naut, pl. nutu; subj. nyti; imperat. njót: [Ulf. niûtan and ga-niutan = ἀγρεύεν, συλλαμβάνειν, but also = ὀνίνασθαι, Philem. 20; as also nuta = ἁλιεύς, ὁ ζωγρων; it may be that net, nót (= a net) are derived from the same root, and that the primitive sense of this word was to catch, hunt, whence metaph. to use, enjoy; A. S. niotan; O. H. G. niozan; Germ. nützen, geniessen; Dan. nyde.]
B. To use, enjoy, with gen.; neyta eðr njóta vættis, Nj. 238, Grág. ii. 79; njóta yndis, Vsp. 63; ættir jóku, aldrs nutu, Rm. 37, Fs. 39; vel keypts litar hefi ek vel notið, Hm. 107; nýtr manngi nás, 70; knáka ek þess njóta, Am. 52; njóta Guðs miskunnar, Hom. 43, O. H. L. 88; skal hann n. draums síns, he shall enjoy his dream undisturbed, Nj. 94; ef hann hefði eigi notið hans ráða ok vizku, Fb. ii. 80; njóti sá er nam, Hm. 165; njóttú ef þú namt, Sdm.; niout kubls! see kuml; njóttú heill handa, blessed be thy hands! an exclamation, Nj. 60, Gísl. 87; svá njóta ek trú minnar, at …, upon my faith! upon my word! Edda i. 130.
II. to derive benefit from or through the virtue of another person; …
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m. an enjoyer, user; hafra njótr = Thor; geisla n. = the fire; and in many poët. compds, hirði-n., etc., all appellations of men, Lex. Poët.: in pr. names, Sig-njótr, a victor; Þór-njótr, Baut.:—a mate = nautr, drekka njóts minni, Fms. vi. 52, v. l. njóts-minni, n. [still in Norway called njös-minne, Ivar Aasen, in the new Edition of his Dict., of a cup drunk by customers after striking a bargain]:—a kind of ‘earnest-cup;’ sendi hann honum eina skál fulla mjaðar, ok bað hann drekka njótsminni (mótsminni is an error), hér með, segir konungr, vil ek gefa þér, Sveinn, jarlsnafn, etc., Fms. vi. 52: the suggestion at the end of the article is therefore true.
(gen. Njarðar, dat. Nirði), m. Njord, one of the old Northern gods.
m., gen. Njarðar, dat. Nirði, [cp. Nerthus, the goddess in Tacit. Germ. ch. 40; a similar worship is in the Northern account, Fms. ii. 73–78, attributed to Njord’s son Frey]:—Njorð, one of the old Northern gods, father of Frey and Freyja; about whom see Vþm. 38, 39, Gm. 16, Ls. 33, 34, Edda passim: Njord was the god of riches and traffic, hence the phrase, auðigr sem Njörðr, wealthy as Njord, a Croesus, Fs. 80. The name remains in Njarðar-vöttr, m. Njord’s glove, i. e. a sponge, Matth. xxvii. 48, freq. in mod. usage, and that it was so in olden times is seen from the words, þessa figúru köllum vér Njarðar-vött í skáldskap, this figure (a kind of antonomasia) we call Njord’s glove, Skálda 196: in local names, Njarð-vík, in eastern Icel., q. v.; Njarðar-lög and Njarð-ey, in Norway; cp. also njarð-láss, njarð-gjörð. In old Icel. translations of classical legends Njord is taken to represent Saturn, Bret., Clem. S. passim.
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m. = Njórðr, in poët. appellations of a man, Lex. Poët.
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a mythical pr. name, Fas. iii. 706. Njörva-sund, n. the narrow strait (?), was the name given by the old Norsemen to the Straits of Gibraltar, Orkn. passim, which were for the first time passed by a Norse ship in 1099 A. D., see Fms. vii. 66—þat er sögn manna at Skopti hafi fyrstr Norðmanna siglt Njörvasund. The ancient route of the Scandinavians to the East in former ages was by Russia, along the rivers down to the Black Sea, cp. the remarks s. v. fors.
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n. pl. a mythical local name, Vsp.
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loc. adverb, = somewhere, anywhere, qs. ne-hvar or ne-veit-hvar; svá nokkor mikit (about so much) fólk er í eynni, Sks. 95 B. 261:—with the notion of somewhat, may be, perhaps, probably, or the like, at þeir mundu nokkor vera í nánd löndum, Nj. 267, Fms. i. 40; nokkur annars staðar, Fms. viii. 360; nokkur neðan á líkamanum, Stj. 98; nokkur námunda þessari bygð, 122; nokkur til heiðinna landa, Fms. ii. 16; ef vér heyrum nokkvor barns grát, x. 218; ef nokkor þess er ván, Grág. ii. 129; þú vart nokkor at vera, Al. 154; vera má at Guð yðvarr sé farinn nokkvor, Stj. 593, 1 Kings xviii. 27.
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adv. in some way, Fms. xi. 110; mun hann mér n. vel taka, Nj. 255; þér mun nokkurninn vel fara til mín, Ísl. ii. 441.
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adv. of some kind, Edda i. 218, Dipl. i. 7, Stj. 177.
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adv. somewhere, Grág. i. 481.
adv. from the north (koma, fara, ríða, sigla ~);
vindr var á ~, the wind blew from the north;
~ af Hálogalandi, from H. in the north;
~ at, on the north side of (G. ok N. stóðu ~ at dóminum);
fyrir ~ (with acc.), north of (fyrir ~ heiðina);
fyrir ~ land, in the north (of Iceland).
adv. from the north; á leið norðan, Eg. 51; koma, fara, ríða, sigla … norðan, Fms. iv. 233, passim; n. ór landi, n. ór Skörðum, Band.; n. af Hálogalandi, Fagrsk. 14; bónda-herinn norðan ór landi, Fms. vi. 258; kaupmenn þar um Víkina ok n. ór landi, i. 11:—of the wind or weather, var allhvasst á norðan, Fms. ix. 20, v. l.
2. of direction; Gunnarr stóð n. at Rangæinga-dómi, Nj. 110; Gizurr ok Njáll stóðu n. at dóminum, 87:—fyrir norðan, with acc. north of, fyrir n. Jökul, 192, 261; fyrir n. Vall-land, Grág. ii. 141; fyrir n. heiðina, Eg. 275; fyrir n. land (in the north of Icel.), Nj. 251.
COMPDS: norðanfjalls, norðanfjarðar, norðangola, norðanhret, norðanlands, norðanmaðr, norðansjór, norðanstormr, norðanstrykr, norðanveðr, norðanverðr, norðanvindr.
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adv. north of the fell.
adv. north of the firth.
adv. north of the firth, Gþl. 9.
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u, f. a breeze from the north.
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n. a gale from the north.
adv. in the north.
adv. in the north, H. E. i. 435, Dipl. iv. 8.
m. a man from the north.
m. a man from the north, Ísl. ii. 363, Sturl. iii. 84 C.
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m. a sea, current from the north.
m. a storm from the north.
m. a storm from the north, Bs. i. 533.
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m. a gale from the north, Ísl. ii. 135.
n. wind from the north (þeir tóku ~ svá hörð, at þá bar suðr í haf).
n. = northerly winds, Nj. 124, Fs. 153, Rb. 440.
a. northern (á norðanverðum himins enda).
adj. ‘northwards,’ northern, Stj. 75, Fms. xi. 411, Edda 13.
m. north wind.
m. a north wind, Rb. 440, Sks. 40, Fms. ii. 228.
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compar. = nyrðri (q. v.), Stj. 94, A. A. 276: norðastr, superl. = nyrðstr or nørðstr, Gþl. 88, Eg. 267.
adv. far to the north (sú ey liggr norðarliga fyrir Noregi).
adv. = norðarliga, Ld. 166, N. G. L. i. 257.
adv. compar. farther north (aldri kom hann ~ en í Eyjafjörð).
compar. more northerly, Hkr. ii. 164, Band. 2: superl. norðast, northernmost, 732. 4, passim; see nyrðst.
adv. far to the north (sú ey liggr norðarliga fyrir Noregi).
adv. northerly, Fms. i. 93, iii. 120, ix. 55, Sks. 72.
n. the north; á ~, í ~, til ~s, northwards (hélt R. konungr ~ með landi); in the north (n. í Þrándheimi).
n., gen. norðrs, [A. S. norð Engl. north; Germ. nord]:—the north; í norðr, northwards; þeir er bygðu norðrit, Fms. xi. 412, Landn. 23; til norðrs, Sks. 173, Grág. ii. 283; ór norðri, Eg. 133.
II. as adverb; norðr eptir hafinu, to stand northwards, Orkn. 376; norðr til Bjarnar-fjarðar, Nj. 20; n. til Holtavörðu-heiðar, 36; vera n. í landi, Eg. 170; n. í Þrándheimi, Fms. i. 26; norðr á Hólum, Skíða R. 200; kunna þótta ek n. þar, Nj. 33; görask konungr yfir n. þar, Eg. 71.
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a, m. the Northern, one of the dwarfs who support the heaven, Vsp. (Austri, Vestri, Norðri, Suðri, Edda 5).
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f. ‘North-water,’ the name of a river, Landn.; whence Norðrár-dalr, m.
f. = norðrætt.
or -ætt, f. the Northern region, K. Þ. K. 138.
f. pl. northern doors.
n. pl. the northern doors, Fs. 72, Fms. vii. 64.
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m. pl. the men from Norðrárdalr, Ísl. ii. 168.
f. journey to the north.
or -för, f. a northern journey, Fms. ix. 350, Fas. iii. 673. norðrfara-maðr, m. a northfaring man, Ann. 1393.
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n. the Northern Ocean, Bs. ii. 5.
adv. in a northerly direction.
n. adj. in a northerly direction, Bs. ii. 48.
f. the north region, esp. Europe.
(proncd. -álfa), u, f. the Northern region, Rb. 468:—esp. Europe, Fms. i. 77, Orkn. 142, Ó. H. 193; Saxland ok þaðan um Norðrhálfur, Edda (pref.), MS. 625. 10, and so in mod. usage.
n.
1) north-land, esp. the north quarter of Iceland;
2) pl., norðrlönd, the northern countries, esp. Scandinavia.
n. North-land, Fms. viii. 425, ix. 468 (a county in Norway):—the North quarter of Icel., passim.
II. plur. Norðrlönd, the Northern countries, Northern region, sometimes used of Europe, but chiefly of lands peopled by Northmen or Scandinavians, Nj. 46, Fær. 151, Ó. H. 2 (pref.), 24, 57, 130, 131, 241.
n. pl. northern lights.
n. [Dan. nordlys], the northern lights, polar light, aurora borealis, in mod. usage only in plur.: an ancient description of the northern lights is given in the Sks. ch. 19 (by a Norwegian writer). From the words—eða þat er Grænlendingar kalla norðrljós, Sks. 74—it appears that the Icel. settlers of Greenland were the first who gave a name to this phenomenon; the author of the Sks. also describes the northern lights as they appeared in Greenland.
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n. the ‘north-lift,’ north, polar heavens.
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u, f., or Norð-setr, n. the Northern Seat, name of a fishing-place in the north of Greenland, A. A. 273, 278, Fms. x. 112; hence Norðsetu-drápa, u, f. the name of a poem, fragments of which are collected in A. A.; and Norðsetu-maðr, m. a man from N., A. A. 275.
m. the northern arm of the sea.
m. the Northern arm of the sea, Fms. viii. 426, v. 1.
2. the North Sea; Dan. Nordsöen.
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a, m. the north headland, A. A. 275.
f. the north transept of a church.
u, f. the north transept in a church, Bs. i. 751.
f. pl. the northern districts.
f. pl. the northern counties, Fms. ii. 202.
m. pl. northern region.
m. pl. the northern ways, Hkv. 1. 4.
f. the north.
f. = norðrátt, Edda 22, Fms. x. 272, Fs. 147.
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m. a kind of whale, Sks. 134.
m. pl. the men of the north quarter (of Iceland).
m. pl. the Northmen, esp. of Icel., passim; Norðlendinga-biskup, -búð, -dómr, -fjórðungr, Bs. i. 68, 159, Nj. 228, 231, Lv. 30, Ld. 196, Landn. 236; see biskup, búð, dómr, fjórðungr.
a. from the north (of Iceland).
adj. from Norðrland, Nj. 32, Sturl. i. 58, Bs. ii. 40.
m. Northman; Norwegian (Danir ok Norðmenn).
m., pl. Norðmenn, a Northman, Norwegian, Grág. ii. 149, the Sagas passim; in Symb. 18 used as ‘pars pro toto’ of all Scandinavians; Norðmanna-herr, -konungr, -ríki, -ætt, Fms. x. 371, xi. 211, Hkr. i. 158, Ó. H. 142.
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n. = Normandy (= Northmannia), Fms. xii, Ó. H. 23, 25: Norð-manndingr, m. a man from Normandy, Norman, Str. 30.
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m. pl. Northumbrians, Hallfred. Norðymbra-land, n. Northumberland, Fms. xii.
m. Norway, = Norvegr.
m., gen. Noregs; a later Noregis also occurs in Laur. S.; ‘Nurviag’ on the Jellinge stone; [mod. Norse Norge, sounded Norre]:—Norway, passim; that the word was sounded Nóregr with a long vowel is seen from rhymes in Vellekla (10th century), Nóregr, fóru; as also Nóregs, stórum, Sighvat (in a poem of 1038 A. D.); the full form Norð-vegr (with ð and w) never occurs in vernacular writers, but only in the Latinised form, Northwagia, which was used by foreign writers (North Germans and Saxons); even the v (Nor-vegr) is hardly found in good vellums, and is never sounded. The etymology of the latter part = vegr is subject to no doubt, and the former part nór is prob. from norðr, qs. the north way; yet another derivation, from nór = a sea-loch, is possible, and is supported by the pronunciation and by the shape of the country, a strip of land between sea and mountains, with many winding fjords. The popular but false etymology of the ancients is from a king Nór (Orkn. ch. 12), as Rome from Romulus:—Noregs-höfðingi, -konungr, -menn, -ríki, -veldi, the ruler, king, men, kingdom of Norway, Grág. …
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(pl. -ir), f.
1) one of (three) Fates (Urðr, Verðandi, Skuld, who dwelt at the well ‘Urðar-brunnr’ and ruled the fate of the world);
2) one of various female beings presiding over human fortunes.
f., pl. Nornir:—the weird sisters of the old mythology; nornir heita þær er nauð skapa, Edda 113; þessar meyjar skapa mönnum aldr, þær köllu vér nornir, 11, Sdm. 17: sundr-bornar mjök hygg ek at nornir sé, eigut þær ætt saman, Fm. The three heavenly Norns, Urðr, Verðandi, Skuld, dwelt at the well Urðar-brunn, ruled the fate of the world, but three Norns were also present at the birth of every man and cast the weird of his life; nótt var í bæ, nornir kómu, þaer er öðlingi aldr um skópu, Hkv. 1. 2; cp. the Norna Gest Þ., Fb. i. 358; góðar nornir skapa góðan aldr, en þeir menn er fyrir úsköpum verða, þá valda því íllar nornir, Edda 11; rétt skiptu því nornir, the Norns ruled it righteously, Orkn. 18; norna dómr, the doom of the Norns, the weird, Fm. 11; íllr er dómr norna, Fas. i, 508 (in a verse); njóta norna dóms, to fill one’s days, die, Ýt.; norn erumk grirnm, the weird is cruel to me, Eg. (in a verse); norna sköp = norna dómr, fár gengr of sköp norna, a saying, Km. 24: in popular superstition severe hereditary illnesses are called norna sköp, Fél. x. s. v.: norna grey, the Norns’ hounds = wolves, Hm. 30; norna-stóll, a Norn’s chair, Sól. …
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að, to lounge, tarry in the cold, (conversational.)
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m. a tarrier, Bárð. 15 new Ed. (in a verse), of a patient fisherman.
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1. (i. e. Norrœna), u, f. the Norse (i. e. Norwegian) tongue, see the remarks s. v. danskr, Ó. H. (pref. begin.), Fms. xi. 412, Stj. 71, Bs. i. 59, 801, 861, Al. 186; á Látinu ok Norrænu, … saga á Norrænu, Vm. and the Deeds, see Lex. Poët. (pref. xxix, foot-note 3); Norrænu bækr, books written in Norse, Vm. 56, Fms. x. 147, Karl. 525, v. l.; Norrænu skáldskapr, Norse poetry, Skálda. In the title-page of the earliest Icelandic printed books it is usually said that they have been rendered into the ‘Norse,’ thus, nú hér útlögð á Norrænu, the N. T. of 1540; á Norrænu útlagðar, (Corvin’s Postill) of 1546; á Norrænu útlögð, in a book of 1545; útsett á Norrænu, 1558; Salomonis orðskviðir á Norrænu, 1580; Biblía, það er, öll Heilög Ritning, útlögð á Norrænu, the Bible of 1584 (Guðbrands Biblía), as also the Bible of 1644: again, Sálmar útsettir á Íslenzku, 1558; útlögð á Íslenzku, 1575; útsett á Íslenzku, 1576, and so on.
II. a breeze from the north; lagði á norrænur ok þokur, A. A. 21.
2. að, to render into Norse, Stj. 2, Str. 1, H. E. i. 460, Mar.; þar fyrir hefi ek þessa bók norrænat, an Icelandic book of 1558: …
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(norœnn), adj. Norse, Norwegian, Grág. i. 299; Danskir Sænskir eða Norrænir, ii. 72; maðr norrænn, Eg. 705, Ísl. ii. 232 (v. l.), Landn. passim; n. víkingr, Hkr. i. 198; n. berserkr, Bs. i. 16, cp. 953; norræn lög, Eg. 259; norræna skjöldu, 286; norrænan eið, Sturl. ii. 201; norræn tunga, the Norse tongue, Fms. i. 23, Sturl. ii. 3 (opp. to Latin); í norrænu máli, Skálda 189, Hkr. i. (pref.); norrænn skáldskapr, Skálda 190.
II. of the wind, northern; görði á norrænt, Sturl. iii. 263; þá var á norrænt, Fms. ix. 42.
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adj. Norse, appears in the 14th century instead of the older Norrænn, Fms. xi. 439.
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a, m. [Dan. nosse], a phallus, membrum genitale, Fb. ii. 334 (in a verse), of the phallic idol Volsi.
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n. a dallying, trifling about a thing, and nostra, að, to dally, trifle.
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n. pl. use, utility; vera e-m at notum, Sks. 481: freq. in mod. usage, koma til góðra nota; ó-not, taunts.
COMPDS: notadrjúgr, notalegr.
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að, to make use of, with acc.
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adj. useful.
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adj. snug, comfortable.
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adj. doing a nice work.
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að, to bring into use.
a. ample, abundant = gnógligr, gnógr.
adj., nógligr, see gnógr, gnógligr.
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a, m. a small vessel, see nór: hence Nóa-tún, ship town (?), a mythical local name for the place where Njord, the god of the sea, dwelt, Gm.
n. the time about three o’clock p. m. (B. kvað þá vera nær nóni dags).
n. [from Lat. nona], nones, about three o’clock, received as a mark of time from the eccl. law; nær nóni dags, Ld. 224; fyrr en nón kæmi þess dags, Fms. vii. 286; öndvert nónit, 32: fyrir miðmunda (1.30 P.M.) hófsk orrostan, en konungr féll fyrir nón, en myrkrit hélzk frá miðmunda til nóns, Ó. H. 223; féráns-dómr skal sitja til nóns, Grág. i. 141; enda fái hann eigi lokit fyrir nón, 143; eptir nón, N. G. L. i. 10; at nóni, Eluc. 44, Skálda (in a verse). In the old eccl. law, according to the Hebrew reckoning, the Sabbaths, or at least the greater feasts, were reckoned from the nones (evening) of the preceding day; hence the phrase, nón-heilagr, adj. a nones-holy-day, and nón-helgi, f. nones-holiness, of the vigil of the day preceding a feast or the Sabbath; köllum vér þann dag sunnu-dag, en þváttdagr fyrir skal heilagr at nóni, N. G. L. i. 9; nú eru þeir dagar er Ólafr enn Helgi ok … buðu föstu fyrir ok nónhelgi, … nú eru þeir dagar taldir er fasta skal fyrir ok nónheilagt, nú eru þeir dagar aðrir er eigi er nónheilagt fyrir ok fasta, 10, 139, 303, Grág. i. 143, Fms. ii. 198; vér skulum halda at nóni enn sjaunda hvern þváttdag, en þat er í þann tíma er útsuðrs átt er deild í þriðjunga, ok sól hefir gengit tvá hluti, en einn úgenginn, K. …
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f. nones, the office for the ninth hour (gekk þá konungr til nónu).
u, f. nones, = nón, 625. 177: the service at nones, ganga til nónu, Fms. iv. 266; allir menn vóru til nónu farnir, Bs. i. 179.
f. peal of bells at nones.
f. a peal of bells at nones, Fms. vii. 38 (on Saturday?).
f. nones-bell.
u, f. a nones-bell, for the service at nones, Fms. vii. 32.
n. the hour of nones.
n. the hour of nones, Nj. 196, Eg. 602, Fms. ix. 354, v. l.
f. pl. the office at nones.
f. pl. the service at nones, Fms. vi. 302, Sturl. i. 138.
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1. n. an inlet, sea-loch; this word is still used in Dan., and freq. in Dan. local names, e. g. Mön’s nor, Falster nor, Noret near to Danavirki in Sleswig; but it is obsolete in Icel., and not recorded in old writers.
2. m., gen. nós, dat. nói, [an antiquated word, perh. akin to Lat. navis, Gr. νηυς, ναυς], a kind of ship, Edda (Gl.): a smith’s trough, Björn; brand-nór (í brand-nói), a ‘hearth-ship,’ i. e. a house, poët., Ýt.
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u, f. [Dan. noer = a baby], a small, wee thing, or of a person, a Lilliputian or the like; silungs-nóra, a small trout.
(pl. nœtr), f. pl. large net.
f., pl. nætr (nœtr); net and nót are kindred words, derived from a lost strong verb (a, ó), cp. the remarks to njóta:—a net, esp. a large net for catching seals; sel, ef í nót liggr, K. Þ. K. 88; nætr tvítugar kóp-heldar, Vm. 98, D. I. i. 576 (notr = ntr Ed.); hér eru þrjár nætr, Háv. 46, N. G. L. i. 379; sela-nætr, and so in mod. usage: of a drag-net, Gþl. 428. nóta-verpi, n. a right of casting nets, D. N.
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1. u, f., esp. in pl. nótur, [from the Lat.], notes in music; nótna-bok, -grallari, -kver, etc.
2. að, [for. word], to note; with musical notes, brefer tvau nótuð, Dipl. v. 18.
(að), v. to note, mark.
að, to note, mark, Skálda: to denote, Stj. 231, 278:—of music = nóta, sýngja sléttan söng sem nóterað var, Bs. i. 903.
I)
m.
1) mark, token;
2) note (in music).
II)
m. match, equal, = maki, líki.
a, m. a note; merking eðr nóti, Skálda: notes in music, með inum fegrstum nótum, Str. 14, 6l.
II. a match, equal; séð hefi ek marga Íslenzka menn en öngan hans nóta, Nj. 121; vér fám eigi hans nóta í fræðum ok íþróttum, Fms. v. 335; engi riddari er hans nóti í turniment, Karl. 36, freq. in mod. usage.
(gen. nætr, pl. nætr), f. night, = nátt; at miðri ~, of miðja ~, about midnight; um nóttina, through the night, during the night; um nóttina áðr, the preceding night; í ~, tonight (eigi mun hann láta drepa Egil í ~); the last night (ek ók í ~ eptir viði); nætr ok daga, both by day and by night; nóttin helga, the holy night, Christmas night.
f., gen. nætr, pl. nætr; the old writers mostly spell this word thus (not nátt), agreeably with its mod. sound and form; this, however, is not a real ó, but a remains of the old umlaut ́ (ńtt); nom. nótt, Sdm. 26, Hkv. 1. 2, Vþm. 24, 25, Gkv. 2. 12, Skm. 42, Alm. 29, 30, Sks. 50 new Ed.: acc. nótt, Hm. 112; miðja nótt, Grág. (Kb.) i. 36 (four times), 32, 37; þvátt-ńtt, id.: dat. nótt, Ó. H. 187, Vsp. 6; nóttina, Ó. H. 62, 72, 115, 118 (twice), 187, Íb. 12, Edda 28, 29, 89, Fb. ii. 381: dat. pl. nóttom, Vkv. 6, Hkv. 2. 51; so also in old rhymes, nótt, óttu, Fms. vi. (in a verse): the spelling with á chiefly occurs in Norse MSS. or in writers influenced by the Norwegians, dag ok nátt, Stj. 15, and so rhymed in Skíða R. 194; náttinni, Stj. 15, 16: gen. nætr, passim; náttar only in a few compds: pl. nætr, but næternar (irreg.), Kb. i. 33, 36. In most kindred Teut. languages with á, not ó: [Goth. nahts; A. S. and Engl. night; O. H. G. naht; Germ. nacht; Swed. natt; Lat. noct-is; Gr. νύξ, νυκτ-ός.] ☞ A dat. sing. nóttu is used in mod. poets, e. g. Bs. ii. 479 (in a poem of 1548); eg var að ráða árið um kring það Egill kvað á nóttu, in a ditty of Björn á Skarðsá; …
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f. supper-time, Greg. 28. For the Holy Communion the Swed. use nattvärd, Dan. nadver (cp. Germ. abendmahl), but Icel. call it kveld-máltíð (q. v.), not náttverðr.
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m. a kind of small seal, opp. to erknselr or örknselr, Sks. 41 new Ed.
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að, qs. gnudda to rub, (conversational): to maunder, hvað ertu að n., (slang.)
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að, [from gnúa], to rub.
f. nun.
u, f. [Lat. novena], a nun, Ld. 332, Grág. i. 307, Bs. passim.
COMPDS: nunnu-klaustr, -setr, n. a nunnery, Symb. 59, Fms. vi. 354, vii. 273, viii. 123. nunnu-vígsla, u, f. a taking the veil, Greg. 74, H. E. i. 329.
f. nun.
að (?), [akin to nenna (q. v.), referring to a lost strong verb, ninna, nann, nunninn]:—to do, pursue; oss nunnask skil (thus, not numnast), our subject is pursued, i. e. our song proceeds, Fms. ii. 289 (in a verse, Hkr., O. T. ch. 97): freq. in later poets, at læra þetta ok kunna, ok ekki annað nunna, to learn this and know, and study nothing but that, Vísna-bók, Ed. 1612, Hugvekju Sálm. 15. 4, 42. 3, see Nj. the Lat. Ed. p. 247, in the foot-note a.
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m. [nunna], one who strives, a worker, pursuer, απ. λεγ. in the poët. compd hlíf-nunnr = armourer = a warrior, Nj. (in a verse).
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or nurfla, að, [nyrfill; cp. Scot. nirl = a crumb]:—to make money like a miser.
adv. now (var-at þat nú né í gær); in a narrative, now, next (nú er þar til máls at taka).
adv. [Ulf. nu; A. S., O. H. G., Germ., and Dan. nú; Engl. now; Germ. nun; Lat. nunc; Gr. νυν]:—now, meðan enn er nú, Hom. (St.); eggmóðan val nú mun Yggr hafa … nú knáttu Óðin sjá, Gm. 53; nú né í gær, Hðm. 2; heill þú nú, Vþm. 6; rístú nú ! Skm. 1, passim:—in a narrative, now, next, nú víkr sögunni, nú er þar til máls at taka, passim; nú er þat er, now it is to be told that, now it comes to pass, Orkn. (in a verse).
II. as interj. nú nú, now now! nú fyrir því, at …, Mar.; nú þá, now then ! Stj. 457, 486.
(ný, nera, núinn), v. = gnúa.
neri, to rub, Fb. ii. 367; see gnúa.
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u, f., see hnúfa.
a. present (núligir hlutir).
adj. now being, present, of time, Eluc. 6.
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adj. from Numidia, Róm. 148.
adv. now, just now.
adv. now, just now, Valla L. 223, Fb. ii. 238; þar er þat núna, faðir minn, Mar.: freq. in mod. speech, see -na.
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m. rubbing, = gnúningr.
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m. = gnúpr, q. v.
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part. now being, now living, Skálda 179.
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u, f. a knob, peak; fjalls-nybba.
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m. [Dan. gnier], a niggard, miser, Ld. 38 C.
(gen. -rs, pl. nykrar), m.
1) a fabulous water-being (mostly appearing in the shape of a grey horse);
2) the hippopotamus.
m., gen. nykrs, [a word common to all Teut. languages; A. S. nicor; Engl. nick; Germ. nix; Dan. nök and nisse; mod. Norse nyk; Swed. näcken = a sea goblin; one is tempted to suggest that the Lat. Neptunus (p = g) may be related to this Teutonic word; cp. also Germ. neckisch, neckerei = whims, Dan. nykker]:—the ‘nick,’ a fabulous water-goblin, mostly appearing in the shape of a gray water-horse, emerging from lakes, to be recognised by its inverted hoofs, cp. the tale told in Landn. 2. ch. 10, as also Maurer’s Volksagen: poët., nykra borg = ‘nick-burrow,’ a lake, Lex. Poët. The nykr is the Proteus of the Northern tales, and takes many shapes, whence the gramm. term nykrat, part. a kind of kakemphaton, a change in a figure of speech, e. g. to call a sword first a ‘serpent’ and then a ‘wand,’ or to choose a verb which does not suit the trope in the noun; sá löstr er vér köllum nykrat eðr finngálknat … ok er þar svá skipt líkneskjum á hinum sama hlut, sem nykrinn skiptisk á margar leiðir, Skálda 187; en ef sverð er ormr kallaðr en síðan fiskr eða vöndr eðr annan veg breytt, þat kalla menn nykrat ok þykir þat spilla, Edda 123. …
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n. part., see nykr.
a. compar. more northerly.
compar., the older form is nørðri or neyrðri (ey = ø), or even nerðri, also norðari and norðastr, q. v.; [norðr]:—more northerly, and superl. nyrðstr (nørztr, nerztr), most northerly; nær nyrðra hluta, Þórð. 7, Landn. 252; hinn nørðra arminn, Fms. xi. 131; í ena nørztu þinghá, Hkr. i. 147; nerztr, Fms. viii. 183, passim: of places, í Reykjadal inum nørðra, Landn.; til ins neyrðra vígis, Ísl. ii. 347; á Víðivöllum inum neyrðrum, Hrafn. 7; at enni nerðri Glerá, Landn.; at enum nerðra kastala, Fms. viii. 427.
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m., dat. nyrfli, a miser, nyrfil-skaps, m. niggardness.
(pl. nytjar), f.
1) milk (of sheep and cows);
2) esp. pl., use, advantage; hón leyfði Vala bróður sínum nytjar í Brekkulandi, use of the land; hafa nytjar af e-u, h. nytjar e-s, to derive benefit from (engar nytjar munu menn hafa Hafliða); koma nytjum á e-t, to bring into use, make profitable (víkingar tóku fé þat allt, er þeir máttu nytjum á koma); fœra sér e-t í nyt, to make use of, avail oneself of (fœrir Sveinn konungr sér allt í ~ þat, er til virðingar mátti verða);
3) pl. pleasure, enjoyment (Hrafn kvaðst engar nytjar hafa Helgu).
f., gen. nytjar, [not; Scot. note], use, enjoyment, produce:
1. in sing. specially of the profit or produce of kine, milk; veiti vörð kú, ok þiggi af nyt ok hafi þat fyrir gras ok gæzlu, N. G. L. i. 24; gefa málsverð Jóladag ok nyt fjár þess, Vm. 169; nýta sér nyt fjár, Grág. i. 428: bregða nyt, to cease to give milk or give less milk, ii. 231, passim; ær-nyt, bú-nyt, milk, dairy produce; mál-nyta, id., or milch-kine; ‘fella saman nytina’ is said of a cow that is in profit or gives milk all the year round till she calves again.
2. plur. nytjar, use; víkingar tóku fé allt er þeir máttu nytjum á koma, Fms. ii. 2; hún leyfði Vala bróður sínum nytjar í Brekku-landi, use of the land or pasture, Korm. 152 (lands-nytjar).
II. use, enjoyment, esp. in plur.; Guð vildi eigi unna honum nytja af þvi barni, Sks. 692; hann kvaðsk engar nytjar hafa Helgu, Ísl. ii. 263; hann á fé allt hálft við mik en hefir engar nytjar (interest) af, Fms. vi. 204; Íslendingar munu hennar hafa miklar nytjar ok langar (they will derive lasting blessing from her) ok hennar afkvæmis, v. …
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(að), to milk (n. ærnar); ~st, to yield milk (fé ~ðist illa).
að, to milk; nytja ærnar, Dropl. 14; var þat fé sumt etið, sumt nytjað, Sturl. iii. 208: reflex, to yield milk, fé nytjaðisk ílla, Ld. 154.
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n. damage to a thing’s usefulness, Gþl. 398.
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adj. yielding milk, Jm. 5.
a. useless.
adj. unproductive, H. E. i. 489:—barren, dry.
a. yielding little milk.
adj. giving little milk, Ísl. ii. 180.
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adv. usefully, Mar. passim.
a. useful.
adj. useful, Hm. 154, Ld. 174, Fms. vii. 120, K. Á. 220.
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adj. useful, advantageous.
f. use, usefulness.
f. = nytsemi, Fms. i. 261, Ld. 318, Stj. 565, Sks. 72. nytsemda-maðr, m. a useful man, Fms. iii. 74.
f. usefulness, = nytsemd.
f. use, profit, usefulness, advantage, Fms. v. 26, Eluc. 2.
n. the new or waxing moon (ný ok nið skópu nýt regin).
n. [Dan. ny], the ‘new’ of the moon, whereby the ancients seem to have meant the waxing or even the full moon, for the new moon was called nið, q. v.; and ný and nið (q. v.) are used alliteratively as terms opp. to one another; in the Rb., however, the translator of the Latin originals seems in a few instances to have rendered the Latin novilunium by ný: allit., ný ok nið, Vþm. 25, Edda 7, 96; um ný hit næsta ok niðar, N. G. L. i. 29, see nýlýsi below; með nýi hverju, 732. 1; verða þá misgöng at nýi meiri en áðr, ok þá gengr ný sem hæst, Rb. 478.
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a, m. [ný = moon], the name of a dwarf, Vsp.
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n.new-fangledness.
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see above.
f. innovation (landsfólkit var gjarnt á alla ~).
f. newness, novelty, news, innovation, mostly in a bad sense; fals ok n., Fms. xi. 308; lands-fólkit var gjarnt á alla nýjung (= novarum rerum cupidi), i. 203; ganga undir sektir eða aðrar nýjungar; þeir vildu undir engar nýjungar ganga af Auðunni biskupi, Bs. i. 835; þá kom út til Íslands Álfr or Króki, hann hafði mörg konungs-bréf ok margar nýjungar, 807:—news, hann segir nú allt þat er verðr í nýjungu, Mag. 1.
COMPDS: nýjungagirni, nýjungagjarn.
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f. love of novelty.
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adj. fond of novelty.
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n. New Year. Nýjárs-dagr, m. New Year’s Day.
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adv. = nýliga, Lex. Poët.
adv. newly, recently.
adv. newly, recently, Sks. 58, Ld. 256, Hom. 57, Fms. vi. 144: compar., Ísl. ii. 160.
a.
1) new, recent;
2) present.
adj. new, recent, Skv. 3, 26: present, Hom. 25, 26.
(acc. nýjan), a.
1) new (n. átrúnaðr); af nýju, anew, again; næst nýss, just recently (þat vann næst nýss niðr Ylvinga);
2) fresh (nýtt kjöt, nýir fiskar).
adj., ný, nýtt; gen. nýs, nýrar, nýs; dat. nýjum, nýri, nýju; acc. nýjan, nýja, nýtt: pl. nýir, nýjar, ný; gen. nýra, mod. nýrra; dat. nýjum; acc. nýja, nýjar, ný, see Gramm. p. xix: compar. nýri, mod. nýrri; superl. nýstr, mod. nýjastr; [Ulf. niujis = καινός and νέος; A. S. niwe; Engl. new; O. H. G. niuwi; Germ. neu; Dan.-Swed. ny]:—new; vaðmál nýtt ok únotið, Grág. i. 500; skrúðklæði ný, 504; nýtt tungl, a new moon, but in old usage, as it seems, the waxing, or even the full moon; cp. however, þvíat nýtt var at ok niða-myrkr, Grett. 111 A, where Ed. 1853 has hríð var á.
2. fresh; nýtt kjöt, þat er siðr Færcyinga at hafa nýtt kjöt öllum missarum, Fær. 298; nýja fiska ok ostrur, N. G. L. ii. 263; í nýju nauta blóði, Hdl. 10.
II. temp, new, fresh, recent; ný tíðendi, fresh news, Fas. iii. 597; nýra spjalla, Hkv. Hjörv. 31; of ný samkvámu-mál, Grág. i. 458; inn nýi háttr, the new metre, Edda (Ht.); þetta görðu menn at nýjum tíðendum, Nj. 14; ný bóla, a new blotch, in the phrase, það er engin ný bóla, ‘tis no new thing, ‘tis an old sore.
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(pl. nýru), n. kidney.
n., pl. nýru, gen. nýrna; [Scot. neirs; Germ. nieren; Dan. nyre; Gr. νεφρός]:—the kidneys, Stj. 310, passim: poët., haf-nýra, a pearl, Lex. Poët.
COMPDS: nýrnamör, nýrnaverkr.
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m. kidney fat, in beasts.
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m., medic. ‘kidney -work,’ pain in the kidneys, Ann. 1426.
(-ta, -t), v. to pry, peer; nýstak niðr, I peered down; svá nýsisk fróðra hverr fyrir, thus every wise man looks about him (= nýsir f. h. fyrir sik).
t, mod. form hnýsa, see introduction to letter H (B. II. 2. γ); [akin to njósn]:—to pry, enquire; nýsta ek niðr, Hm. 140; svá nýsisk fróðra hverr fyrr, 7; nýsumk hins, ok hygg at því, Stor. 13: mod. hnýsa, forvitnin holdsins hnýsir þrátt í Herrans leyndar-dóma, Pass. 21. 2.
II. reflex., hnýsast í e-ð, to pry into; hnýsast í bréfið, to pry into a letter; hence hnýsinn, adj. curious, in a bad sense; hnýsni, curiosity.
(-tta, -ttr), v.
1) to make use of; ek ætla, at þú nýtir eigi boga minn, thou canst not wield my bow; absol., hann spurði síðan, hvárt þá mætti svá ~, if that would do (be valid); ~ af e-u, to derive benefit (pleasure) from (sjá má, at ekki nýtir þú hér af); eigi munu þit lengr ~ hvárt af öðru, enjoy each other;
2) to eat, consume (n. svín);
3) fig., to bear, endure (hvárgi þóttist ~ mega, at þeir væri eigi á samt);
4) refl., nýtast, to be of use, avail; þetta verk má eigi ~, it will not succeed, it is in vain.
t, [njóta], to make use of; ek ætla at þú nýtir eigi boga minn, thou canst not wield my bow, Fms. vii. 120: absol., ok frétti Þorstein, hvárt þá mætti svá nýta, he asked Th. if that would do, Ísl. ii. 207; skulu vér bræðr búnir ok boðnir til slíks sem þér vilit okkr til nýta, Eg. 50; ekki nýtir þú hér af, Edda 32; eigi munu þit lengr nýta hvárt af öðru, enjoy one another, Sturl. i. 96; þau Sigríðr nýttu eigi af samförum, lived unhappily together, 116; vóru þau í Reykjaholti lengstum, þvíat ekki nýtti af henni um samvistir ef þau vóru eigi þar, ii. 48.
2. to eat, consume; þat er rétt at nýta svín, K. Þ. K.; nú nýtir hann sér nyt fjár þess, Grág. i. 428; ef hann nýtir sér fuglinn, ii. 346; nýta fæzlu, Anecd., N. G. L. i. 342.
II. metaph. to use, bear, endure; údaunn svá mikill at menn þóttusk varla mega nýta at sitja yfir henni, Bs. i. 178; þóttusk menninir eigi nýta at vera hjá honum, Hom. (St.), of Job; jaxlinn varð svá sárr, at hann þóttisk eigi nýta mega at láta tunguna við koma, Bs. i. 195; ú-nýta, to destroy, N. G. L. i. 342.
III. reflex. to avail; þetta má eigi nýtask, Sturl. …
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f. a term of husbandry; góð, íll nýting, of getting in the hay or crop, Esp. 1761.
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adj. useful, fit to use.
a. fit, usable, useful (n. til verks); engu (til einskis) ~, good for nothing; at engu nýtu, to no use; of persons, able (enn nýtasti fardrengr).
adj. fit, usable; nýtr dúkr, Pm. 107; sagði fé til þess nýtt, at …, Ld. 318: able, Str. 68; hefir eigi nýtra dreng fundit, Fms. ii. 23; hinn nýzti maðr, Eg. 141, Ld. 162; enn nýtasti fardrengr, Fms. ii. 23: valid, þá er hvárskis görð nýt, Grág. i. 494; láttú niðr detta, engu er nýtt, ‘tis all good for nothing, Fs. 159: neut. as subst., at öngu nýtu, to no use, H. E. i. 243; þær konur er með nýtu hafa verit, who have been good for something, id.
n. = nytjamaðr.
n. a worthy, good man, Ld. 334.
a. changeable.
adj. variable, Str. 26.
f. novelty, innovation.
f. novelty, innovation, Fms. i. 71, vii. 94, 171, Ld. 176.
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(mod. ný-býli), n. a new farm built in a wilderness where there was formerly none, Gþl. 432.
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m. [bera], a cow that has just calved, Björn.
n. fresh fallen snow.
n. fresh fallen snow, Sturl. i. 82.
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m. the first crop of grass in the spring.
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f. a novelty, innovation, Ann. 1347, Fs. 76.
2. a gramm. term, a new trope or figure of speech, esp. of poët. circumlocutions not founded on ancient usage or old mythol. tales, but drawn from the imagination of the poet; thus, calling the tears the ‘rain, shower, pearls of the eyes’ would be ‘nýgörving,’ as also calling the sword a ‘snake,’ the sheath its ‘slough,’ Edda (Ht.) 123; skjöldr er land vápnanna, en vápn er hagl eða regn þess lands ef nygörfingum er ort, Edda 90.
II. mod. in a bad sense, whence ný-görfingr, m. of a person, an innovator, Pál Vídal. Skyr. passim; of a thing, new-fangledness, novelty, nýgörfings-ligr, adj. new-fangled.
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u, f. = nýbæli, Gþl. 437: a colony, mod.
f. novelty, a new, strange thing (segja kunnu vér nýlundu nökkura).
u, f. a novelty, a new, strange thing; þótt þeir sæi nýlundur nokkurar, Fms. vii. 87; sáttú nokkura nýlundu í húsinu? Fs. 42; segja kunnu vér nýlundu nokkura, Nj. 196; Guðmundr kvað þat enga nýlundu þar í Eyjafirði þótt menn riði þar um hérað, Lv. 19; nú berr þat til nýlundu á Hóli at Gísli lætr ílla í svefni tvær nætr í samt, Gísl. 22; þat sá borgar-menn at nokkur n. var með her Grikkja, Fms. vi. 157.
n. light of the waxing moon (sigla um nóttina við ~).
n. ‘new light,’ light of the new moon (ný); nýlýsi var mikit ok sá þeir at jarlar lögðu frá, Orkn. 420. According to the Saga and an entry in the old Annals the day in question was the evening of the 21st of Dec. 1154, old style; and from information given by Mr. Main (the Radcliffe Observer, Oxford), a full moon fell on this very day in that year, old style. This quite settles the question as to the true old sense of ný and nýlýsi. The chronology of Torfæus in the old Ed. of Orkn. S. is altogether wrong; um vetrinn var þat siðr Arnkels at flytja heyit af Örlygs-stöðum um nætr er nýlýsi vóru, Eb. 66 new Ed.; fóru þeir tíu saman frá Hváli öndverða nótt, því nýlýsi var á, Sturl. i. 61; sigla um nóttina við nýlýsi, O. H. L. 51.
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f. new milk.
n.
1) news, novelty;
2) new law.
n. news, a novelty; ef þeir yrði við nokkura n. varir, Fms. ix. 465, v. l.; þótti þetta n., Fms. v. 66. nýmæla-laust, n. adj. no news.
II. a law term, Lat. novella, a new law; rétta lög sín ok göra n., Grág. i. 6; þar skal n. öll upp segja á Leið, 122; þat var n. gört þá er Magnús Gizorarson var byskup orðinn, at …, þat var annat n., at …, Grág. (Kb.) i. 36, 37. nýmæla-bréf, n. a new ordinance, letter, Ann. 1314.
n. novelty, = nýlunda (þat varð til ~s, at).
n. [nema], a novelty; þat varð til nýnæmis, at …, Ísl. ii. 337; tíðindi þykkja n. öll, Ó. H. 150; óll n. stór ok smá, Lv. 43; af þeim nýnæmum fýstusk fjöldi manna í Noregi til þeirrar ferðar, Fms. vii. 74, Róm. 285, 293 (rendering of the Lat. res novae):—a new dish, not hitherto seen on the table, það er nýnæmi, (mod.)
a. novel.
adj. new, startling, Hom. (St.)
adv. oddly, queerly.
adv. oddly, queerly, Gísl. 142.
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n. pl. new counsel, Hrafnag. 22.
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n. ‘new smith’s work,’ the work of a beginner.
n. fresh snow (féll ~ mikit, svá at úgörla sá veguna).
n. fresh snow, Eg. 544, Háv. 47.
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adj. (-liga, adv.), new, unusual.
n. new moon.
n. the new moon, Lat. novilunium (?), Rb. 18, 20.
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n. = nýmæli, K. Á. 182.
n. marks of new work, of human hands.
n. marks of new work, of human hands; sá hvergi n. á gólfinu, Grett. 160 A; tráðu niðr taðit, svá at ekki n. sá á, Fms. i. 213.
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n. [náð], rest, the being left undisturbed; vera í góðu næði.
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m. a chilly blast, = gnæðingr, (mod.)
(pl. -rar), f. bark of the birch.
1. (i. e. nœfr), adj., næfr, næfrt, clever, skilled; hygginn ok næfr um alla hluti, Fms. v. 221; hón var næfr kona ok kunni vel fyrir sér Bs. i. 339; all-næfrir jöfrar, Sighvat; orð-næfr, wordy.
2. f., dat. næfri (Stj. 330), pl. næfrar; [Swed. näfver; Dan. næver]:—the bark of the birch, used for roofing; þurra skíða ok þakinna næfra, Hm. 59; við ok næfrar ok hálm, Fms. ix. 44; berki ok næfri, Stj. 330; but, berki næfr ok aldini, id.: næfr ok börkr, 77; næfrar skal eigi ljósta til sölu, Gþl. 430; næfrum var þakt um ræfrit, Eg. 90; eldrinn logaði upp í upsina ok svá í næfrina, 238; gengu þá klæði af þeim svá at þeir spenntu næfrum at fótleggjum sér, kölluðu menn þá Birkibeina, Fms. vii. 320.
COMPDS: næfrabaggi, næfrakimbull, næfrakolla, næframaðr, næfrastúka.
II. poët., hildar næfr, ‘war-bark,’ i. e. armour, Km.; nykra borgar næfr or hæings hallar næfr = the ‘bark of the nick-town’ or the salmon hall, i. e. the ice, Lex. Poët.; Sváfnis-sal-næfrar, the roof of the hall of Odin = the shields, Edda (in a verse).
m. pack, bundle of birch bark.
a, m. a bag with n., Fms. ii. 59.
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m. (see kimbull), N. G. L. i. 101.
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u, f. dried bark.
m. a person clad in birch-bark.
m. the ‘birch-bark man,’ a nickname of an outlaw clad in n., Fas. ii. 258.
f. sleeve of birch-bark.
u, f. a sleeve of n., Fas. ii. 281.
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adv. skilfully.
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f. plenty, abundance, Stj. 235, freq. in mod. usage.
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ð, qs. gnægja (q. v.), [gnógr]:—to be enough, suffice; sem nægir, Dipl. iv. 2; nægir at þeir trúi því sem trúir Heilög kirkja, H. E. i. 519: with dat., sá hefir nóg sér nægja lætr, a saying; hefir hann alla út lukt svá at mér vel nægir, so that I am quite contented, Dipl. iv. 5; lét Brandr sér vel n. fyrir sik ok sína arfa þeir penningar sem, 12.
II. reflex. to suffice; sem nægisk með mjólk ok hunangi, Stj. 259; þóat skírnin nægisk, K. Á. 20; þótti þeim sér ekki nægjask heimrinn, Edda (pref.)
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adj. = gnægr, q. v.
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d, [nál], to stitch.
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n. [nál], a needle without an eye.
(-da, -dr), v. to bereave, deprive of (n. e-n e-u, lífi, fjörvi).
d, [nema, námu], to bereave, deprive; næma e-n e-u, fimtán menn fjörvi næmda’k, to bereave of life, Fas. ii. 272 (in a verse); næma aldri, id.; fjörvi næmdu, they took his life, Hlt. (Hkr. i. 173): in the phrase, þat var næmt, it is heard, reported, Fms. vii. 232 (in a verse).
I) n. study, learning.
II) from nema.
n. docility, quickness to learn, esp. to learn by heart, of youths.
a.
1) quick at learning;
2) deprived of (= næmdr e-u).
adj. [nema], hunted, outcast; næmir hvervetna, Sól. 9:—keen, sharp, of a pointed instrument (a needle): contagious, of sickness: touching, hjart-næmr, touching the heart; fast-næmr, firm,
2. quick at learning, esp. of learning by heart, Bs. i. 127; hann er vel næmr, flug-næmr, or treg-næmr, ó-næmr; næmr á kver, nú er eg kominn hér, Stef. Ól.
m. quickness to learn.
m. = næmi, Sks. 265.
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u, f. [A. S. næpe; Engl. -nip in turnip; Lat. napus], a turnip; næpum ok ertrum, H. E. i. 395; næpna-reitr, a turnip-bed, Gþl. 544.
adv. and prep. with dat.
1) near, in the vicinity (of);
~ eða fjarri, near or far;
~ staddr, present;
brautu ~, near the road;
~ því sem, neara the place where (þar í nesinu, ~ því sem þingit hafði verit);
þar ~, in the vicinity (sveinarnir hlaupa til skógar, er þar var ~);
2) towards, of time (~ aptni, morni);
3) nearly;
~ átta tigir manna or ~ átta tigum manna, nearly eighty men;
þar kómu menn af ~ öllum löndum, almost from all countries;
~ viku munu við dveljast, we shall stay nearly a week;
4) in accordance with, in conformity to (~ ætla ek þat lögum Íra);
5) near the truth (máttu nú ~ gæta, hvar beina okkarra er at leita);
6) compar., nearer = nærr (ver eigi ~ honum en mál nemi); fitter (væri ~ miklu, at);
7) adv., when, = hve ~ (~ skal mér þat ömbuna? sagði B.);
B. spurði, ~ þeir mundu aptr koma, when they would be coming back.
adv. used both as positive and comparative of ná-, q. v.; superl. næst; mod. usage makes nær the comparative, nærri the positive, cp. fjar, fjarri, firr, which are analogous: [A. S. and Engl. near; Scot. nar; Dan. nær]:—near:
I. as positive, with dat., brautu nær, near the road, Hm. 71; hjarta nær, 94; borgum nær, Sighvat; nær Heiðabý, Fms. vi. 64 (in a verse); vera nær e-u, to be present at; hvergi nær, nowhere near; vóru þá búendr hvergi nær komnir, Ó. H. 210, Eg. 111, Grág. i. 69; nær eða fjarri, nigh or far, Fms. viii. 346:—nær aptni, near night, towards night, Hm. 97; nær morni, 100:—near, according to, nær ætla ek þat lögum Íra, Ld. 76; er þat nær þínu skapi, Nj. 24.
2. metaph. near, close, sharp; sem þú mátt vánu nær (probably) vita, Sks. 183 B; geta þess sumir til, at þú munir þér þetta eigi nær ætla, folks say that it comes not from thy heart, Fms. xi. 280; Sigurðr þótti nær sér taka þetta bragð, it was cleverly done, vii. 219; cp. taka e-ð nærri sér, to overstrain one’s powers; hann hefir tekið nærri sér, … ok var nær hverjum vænna horfði, it was a drawn game, Nj. …
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ð, [akin to Ulf. nisan and nasjan = σώζεσθαι, σώζειν; A. S. genesan; Germ. genesen; as also Germ. nahren, changing s into r]:—to nourish, nurse; ok næra svá sína unga, Sks. 48; næra sín híbýli, 326 B; engi gneisti lífsins má næra mik eðr lífga, Fms. x. 368; synir né nærendr, nourishers, H. E. i. 505:—to nurse, refresh, þeir þógu ok nærðu líkamina, Stj. 237; svá nærir önd mína hunang-fljótandi mál ór munni þínum, Eluc. 55; heldr at næra en slökkva, Sturl. ii. 15.
II. reflex. to take slight food, so as just to keep body and soul together:—to be refreshed, of a sick or faint person, nærðisk hón svá sem frá leið, Fms. vi. 353; hón dreypir víni á varrir þeim ok nærðusk þeir skjótt, Fas. iii. 571.
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f. nourishment, food, Germ. nahrung, Sks. 48 B, 51, Anecd. 4. næringar-lauss, adj. (-leysi, n.), taking no food, of one sick.
I)
adv. near, nearer, = nær.
II)
a. compar. (answering to superl. næstr), nearer; more entitled to (þótt þær sé ~ arfi).
adv. = nær, near, nigh; sitja nærri, Grág. i. 50; ganga nærri, Fms. vi. 112; vera hvergi nærri, vii. 283, Sks. 363 (compar.); nærri túni, Lv. 44; nærri sér, Sks. 363 B.
B. Adj. compar. answering to ná-, nearer, and superl. næstr, nearest; hinn nærri ok hinn norðari partr, Stj, 94; þeir er nærri vóru, Nj. 237: nearly entitled to, þótt þær sé nærri arfi, Grág. i. 204; the compar. is rarely used.
II. superl.,
1. gener. next, next after; þá er næstir búa, Grág. i. 82 B, 115: of time, næstir eptir e-n, Fms. i. 108; þar næst, Eg. 512; enn næsta vetr, the next winter, Ld. 180; inn næsta dag eptir, Grág. i. 57; næstu nótt eptir, Fms. vi. 166; hinn næsta vetr er ek kem til Íslands, ii. 34.
2. also next preceding; hann hafði sekr orðit it næsta sumar (= næsta sumar áðr), Íb. 10; hefir svá fram farit inn næsta mánuð, Fms. iii. 117; á hinum næsta sunnudegi, N. G. L. i. 348; á hinum næsta fundi, Sks. 237; áðr hann fór hit næsta sinn af Noregi, Fms. i. 204; hvar skildisk þú við þetta skeyti næsta sinni (the last time), xi. 71.
III. metaph. nearest in point of right or title; …
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n. adj. as adv. nearly, almost, (mod.)
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n. pl. under-clothing.
adv., ~ er, ~ sem, whensoever (~ er launat verðr).
adv. [-gi], whensoever; nærgi er, Korm. (in a verse), Grág. i. 154, ii. 124; nærgi sem launat verðr, Nj. 77.
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adj. = nærgætr.
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f. ‘guessing true,’ guessing what a person can bear and perform, with the notion of kindness, opp. to exaction.
a. guessing near the truth.
adj. ‘guessing true,’ Eb. 262, Fs. 45, 54, Nj. 254.
a.
1) vera ~ e-m, to be near about one’s person;
2) troublesome, importunate.
adj.; vera n. e-m, to be near about one’s person, Sks. 279: in a less good sense, to mob, throng one, 361 B.
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adv. nearly, almost.
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part. ‘near come to,’ entitled to, Fms. Lx. 250, 345.
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u, f. a midwife, Stj. 247, 248.
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u, f. a coming near, Sks. 38.
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or -kœmi, f. a ‘coming near to,’ accuracy, Sks. 443, 482 B.
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or nær-kœmr, adj. close, Stj. 270:—accurate, með nærkæmri visku, Sks. 572 B.
a. prophesying true.
adj. ‘near-spacing,’ prophesying true, Bárð. 164.
a. short-sighted.
adj. short-sighted, Sturl. i. 70.
f. presence.
u, f. presence, Hkr. iii. 276.
pr. p. present.
(-verandis), part. being present, Th. 77, Fms. v. 200.
adv. superl.
1) nearest, next;
~ Skotlandi, nearest to Scotland;
því ~, þessu ~, þar ~, next to that, thereafter, thereupon;
2) last (er nú úhœgra en ~ þá er ek beidda);
3) nearest the truth (vil ek, at þér reynit, hverir munu ~ sét hafa).
1. superl.; næst bæ Arinbjarnar, Eg. 515; næst Skotlandi, 267; næst skapi, nearest to one’s mind; þar næst Gunnarr, Nj. 240, and temp., Grág. i. 242;—temp. next, last, næst er ek beidda, Sd. 187; næst nýs, next before, just before, Hkv. 2. 7: er næst ræddum vit um, Sks. 239; því næst, þessu næst, next in turn, Fms. i. 118, vi. 144, Ísl. ii. 209; vil ek at þit reynit hverir munn næst séð hafa, who have seen closest, i. e. truest, Fms. xi. 284.
2. adv. next; í næst, Edda 103.
I)
adv.
1) nearly, almost (urðu göngumenn ~ at gjalti);
2) rather, very (n. gamall, glaðr).
II)
f. the last time, only in dat. with the art., næstunni.
1. u, f. the last time; næstunni, Fms. iii. 140.
2. adv. the next time, last; kom svá næsta, at Ljótr lét þau orð um munn fara, Háv. 51: very, næsta gamall, very old, Þórð. 68; næsta glaðr, Vígl. 16; þungt ok mæðisamt næsta, Hm. 125; þeir taka n. at amask við mik, Fs. 32.
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1. u, f. a female second cousin; ef maðr liggr með næstabraeðru sinni, Grág. i. 345, Bjarn. 50; Þórdísi næstabræðru mína, 52.
2. -bræðri, m., either indecl., the bræðra being a gen. pl., or decl. as a weak noun, second cousins; næstubræðra eigu upp at rísa, Grág. i. 69; þeim mönnum er honum eru firnari en næstabræðri, 285; næstabræðrar, 229; næstabræðrum, ii. 172.
a. superl.
1) next; Hrútr sat hit næsta honum, sat next him; tók Hrafn lögsögu ~ Úlfljóti, next after U.; hinn næsta vetr, the next winter;
2) next preceding (hann hafði sekr orðit it næsta sumar); næsta sinni, the last time;
3) nearest in point of right or title, best entitled to (vér erum næstir sigrinum).
see nærri B.
adv. next before, the last time (svá skildum vér ~).
adv. next before, the last time; hví heldr nú en næstum? Sks. 541; svá skildum vér næstum, Nj. 49; svá reiðr sem jarl var næstum, 134; næstum er vér komum á yðvarn fund, Fas. iii. 98, Fms. vi. 245, 370, Nj. 226, Eg. 411.
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m. a bird, the nightingale (?), a απ. λεγ., Edda (Gl.)
gen. from nátt, nótt.
gen., see nótt C.
a., in compds., as ‘einnætr’.
adj. [nott]; in compds, ein-nættr, þrí-n., one, three nights old.
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n. a generation of vipers, N. T.
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f. = nöðrukyn, 625. 90.
(gen. nafar, pl. nafar and nafir), f.
1) nave of a wheel;
2) the pole of the world;
3) esp. pl. clasps, rings (by which the projecting ends of beams at the corneres of walls were held together).
f., pl. nafar. later nafir, [A. S. nafu], the clasps, naves, rings by which the projecting ends of beams at the corners of walls were welded together, and when they were torn or broken the wall gave way; þeir skutu öðrum endanum út í hyrninguna svá hart, at nafarnar (nafarnir Ed.) hrutu af fyrir utan, ok hlupu í sundr veggirnir, Eg. 91; þeir hlupu þá á veggina svá at af gengu nafarnar af timbr-stokkunum, Fas. ii. 43 (Hálfs S. in Bugge’s Ed., Cod. nafarnir); hann átti lokrekkju görva af timbr-stokkum ok brutu berserkirnir þegar upp svá at af gengu nafarnar fyrir útan, Eb. 41 new Ed.
2. a wheel-nave; hann kallar bauginn nöf hjólsins, Edda.
3. metaph. the pole of the world; tveir eru hvirflar heimsins er fornir spekingar kölluðu nöfina nörðri ok ena syðri, Pr. 476.
4. hjól-nöf, a wheel-nave; baug-nöf, the ‘circle-nave’ of a shield, Bragi: the phrase, vera kominn á fremstu nöf, on the uttermost verge, brink (in extremis), at the end of one’s resources.
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f. a nail; see nagl.
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adv., qs. ne-hvar or ne-veit-hvar, somewhere, very freq. in old writers, somewhere, anywhere; to this word belong the references under nekkverr, B. IV. 3, p. 452; to which add,—hér nökkur, Fb. i. 73; nökkur lands eða lagar, Al. 107. In mod. usage this word has become obsolete and is replaced by einhvers-staðar; the explanation given under nekkverr, B. IV. 3, must be altered accordingly, and the words ‘somewhat, may be’ struck out.
indef. pron.
1) any, anybody (fyrst vill hann spyrja, ef ~ er fróðr maðr inni); after a negative (á øngum bœ fannst ~ maðr);
2) opp. to engi, some (þeir fengu nöllira njósn af ferð Ástríðar); neut., nökkut, something, somewhat, anything (ef þér þykkir ~ veitt í lígjöf þinni); hann spurði, ef þar væri ~ manna, he asked if there were any men there; nökkurs til þungr, somewhat (rather) too heavy; svá nökkuru (nökkvi) about; svá nökkuru mun yðvar leita farit lengi, about so long will they seek you; nökkuru fyrir dag, a while before day-light;
3) some, a certain; maðr ~, a certain man; um dag nökkurn, a certain day; nökkura hríð, nökkurt (nakkvart) skeið, for some time;
4) the pl. added to a numeral, about, some (nökkur sex skip eða sjau; nökkurum tveim sinnum eða þrim).
nökkvarr, nökkvat, see nekkverr.
pron. = nökkurr.
m. a απ. λεγ. in a dub. passage, a nick (= nykr?),—nökkvers nökkvi, the nick’s coble = the stone, the rock (?), lasta lauss er lifnaði á nökkvers nökkva Bragi, when the guileless Bragi was left on the rock, Stor. 3; cp. hann tók dvergana, ok flytr þá á sæ út, ‘ok setr þá í flæðarsker,’ Edda 48.
I)
m. boat, skip (hafð þá Hymir út skotit nökkvanum).
II)
some, old neut. dat. from nökkurr = nökkuru; esp. somewhat (~ lengra, ~ síðarr).
a, m.; in the phrase, þungr sem ‘nökkvi,’ or nökkva-þungr, of things like hay soaked with water or the like. This word can hardly be related to nökkvi, a boat; we think it is qs. n-ökkvi, cp. ökkr and ökvast, ‘þungr sem einn ökvi’ rapidly pronounced sem ‘nökvi, the n being taken from the preceding word, as in njóli (jóll, p. 326, col. 2).
I)
m. boat, skip (hafð þá Hymir út skotit nökkvanum).
II)
some, old neut. dat. from nökkurr = nökkuru; esp. somewhat (~ lengra, ~ síðarr).
a, m. [A. S. naca; O. H. G. nakko; Germ. nachen = biremis]:—a small boat rowed with a pair of sculls, a cock-boat, Edda 35 (the fishing-boat of Hymir the giant), 38 (of Balder’s ship); þeir sá mann einn róa frá hafi útan á einum nökkva, … hann kastaði árunum ok hvelfði nökkvanum undir sér, Fms. i. 180, 182 (cp. the verse 181), Fas. ii. 232, 233, 236 (of the giant’s boat); stein-nökkvi, a stained, painted boat (?), (not a stone boat), 231, Bárð. 3 new Ed.; hann sá at maðr reri útan ór Kaldár-ósi á járnnókkva, Landn. 78 (of an apparition): nökkva-maðr, m. a man wbo rows a nökkvi, a sculler, Fms. ii. 180.
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(-leiki), m. nakedness, Stj. 34, 35.
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adj., thus in old vellums, or also contr. nökðan; spelt with ey, neyqþan, Am. (Bugge); the true form is a single k, cp. mod. nakinn, not nakkinn, yet neycquiþr in Hm. 49, and necquiþ in Skv. l. c. (Bugge): contr. forms, nekðir (n., pl. m.), Eluc. 26, MS. 625. 66; nökðir, Eluc. 46; neykðra, Sks. l. c.: mod. nakinn, nakin, nakið, gen. nakins, but pl. naktir: [Ulf. naqaþs = γυμνός; A. S. nacod; Engl. naked; O. H. G. nachat; Germ. nackt; Dan. nögen; Lat. nudus, qs. nugdus]:—naked; lík skal eigi nökkvið niðr grafa, K. Þ. K. 24; vit nökvið hjún, Sks. 504 B; vera nökvið, Stj. 36; at þau sá sik nekvið, Eluc. 27, Maríu S. Egypt, passim; nökðra lima, Sks. 536 B; þegja (thus, as required both by sense and alliteration, not segja) skal þurs ef hann sitr nökviðr við eld, a saying, cp. ‘not to speak of a rope in a hanged man’s house,’ Ísl. ii. 317; neiss er nökviðr halr (a saying, see neiss), Hm.; hón var nökvið, Eb. 97, v. l. 2 new Ed., but nökt in the text; þeir létu þá síga nökða í vök, 623. 33; klæddir eða nökðír, Eluc. 46:—metaph. of a sword, nökvið sverð, naked swords, Skv. 3. 4; nökðan mæki, Am. …
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n. a murmuring: nöldra, að, to murmur, grumble.
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að, = gnöllra, Þiðr. 245.
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t, to shiver from cold, Lex. Poët.
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f. [napr, nepja], chilliness; e-m er í nöpinni við e-n, to bear malice against one, feel hurt and offended.
= nyrðri, more north.
nörðstr, see nyrðri, nyrðstr.
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a, m. the giant of that name, the son of Loki, Stor.; see Narfi; Nörva-sund = Njörvasund, q. v.
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m. a nickname, Bs. i. 499; cp. narta.
(gen. nasar, pl. nasar and nasir), f. nostril, esp. pl. nostrils, nose;
bregða e-u fyrir nasar e-m, to put it before one’s nose;
draga nasir at e-u, to snuff, smell at a thing;
stinga ~um niðr, to fall upon one’s face, bite the dust;
lúka ~um, to shut the nostrils, die.
f., pl. nasar, mod. nasir; an s has been dropped, as may be seen from snös, berg-snös (q. v.), as also from Dan. snuse = to smell; [cp. Engl. nose; Germ. nase; Lat. nasus and nares]:—the nostrils, the nose as the organ of smelling, also of the front of the nose; nasar þessa líkams skyldu vera erchidjáknar, þeir skyldu þefja ok ilma allan sætleik, Anecd.; opnar eru nasarnar, Nj. 154; eldar brenna ór augum hans ok nösum, Edda 41; svá at blóð hrjóti ór munni eðr nösum, Grág. ii. 11; bregða e-u fyrir nasar e-m, to put it before one’s nose, Korm. 34; setja hnefa á nasar e-m, Ld. 36; höggit kom á nasir honum ok brotnaði nefit, Fms. iii. 186; fölr um nasar, pale-nebbed, Alm. 2; taka fyrir nasar e-m, Fs. 141; draga nasir at e-u, to snuffle, smell at a thing, Ísl. ii. 136; stinga nösum í feld, to cover the face in one’s cloak, Sighvat; stinga nösum niðr, to bite the dust, Fms. iii. 189; ef herra þinn lýkr nösum, has his nostrils shut, ceases to breathe, dies, Str. 27; áðr en ek lýk nösum, Þórð. 31 new Ed.; þér mun verða annat eins áðr en lýkr nösum, thy nostrils will be closed before that, a ditty, see the remarks to nábjargir; …
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f. a kind of goose, Gsp.: mod. bles-önd = anas.
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að, = gnötra (q. v.), Sd. 169.