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NA – nötra

NA
Zoëga

(nái, náða, nát), v.

1) to get hold of, reach, overtake, with dat. (Ingimundr hleypr nú í skóginn ok náðu þeir honum ekki); ná til e-s, to reach one (með sverðinu);

2) to get, obtain (er hann náði konungs fundi); vér höfum eigi nát lögum, we have not had a lawful trial;

3) with infin., to be able, be allowed (náði engi maðr at bera konungsnafn, nema hann einn); heilindi sitt ef maðr hafa náir, if a man may enjoy his good health;

4) impers., kennimenn þeir er á þvísa landi næði, those clergymen who were to be got in this country;

5) refl., nást, to be caught; ef þat náist eigi, if that cannot be attained; recipr., to reach one another; þar var mýrlent ok máttu þeir eigi nást til, they could not come to close quarters.

Cleasby-Vigfusson

a suff. demonstr. particle, see Gramm. p. xxxviii, col. 2 (III); esp. freq. in mod. usage in the words hér-na, þar-na, ha-na, nú-na, svá-na (proncd. svo-na or so-na), q. v., Band. 18; as also þér-na, Fms. vi. 422; þat-na, MS. 623. 19; þess-na, Fas. ii. 147; við-na, Fms. iii. 73; gær-na, vi. 254: with verbs rarely, var-na, Fas. ii. 174: part. spurt-na, Fb. i. 433; satt-na, Bs. i. 469, v. l.: and lastly in the pers. pron. ha-nn, hó-n.

NABBI

No entry

Cleasby-Vigfusson

a, m. [Engl. knob; North. E. and Scot. nab], a small protuberance on the skin or on greensward; nabba-þýfi, fjalls-n., D. N. iii. 861, freq. in mod. usage: the name of a dwarf, Hdl. 7.

nadda

No entry

Cleasby-Vigfusson

að, to provide with studs; naddaðr, studded.

NADDR
Zoëga

(-s, -ar), m. stud, nail.

Cleasby-Vigfusson

m. a stud, nail; knébjargir með stálhörðum nöddum, Sks. 405; nadda á umgjörðinni, Fms. vi. 212; hann hnitar saman penninginn, ok eru tuttugu naddar á, Gísl. 14; nadda borð, a ‘stud-board’, poët. for a shield from its being ornamented with metal studs, see Fms. vii. 323: in poetry, nadda él, róg, as also nadd-él, -fár, -skúr, -regn, -hríð, -veðr, = a battle, Lex. Poët. nadd-göfugr, adj. ‘stud-glorious,’ an epithet of Heimdal, Hdl. 34, with reference to the beams of dawn (studs of light?); as an epithet of a giant, the father of Men-glöð, Gg. 14.

NAÐR
Zoëga

(gen. -rs), m. adder, snake (naðra mikil ok illileg).

Cleasby-Vigfusson

m., and naðra, u, f.; the r is radical, naðrs, naðri, an irreg. dat. nöðri, Edda 97 (in a verse); [Ulf. nadrs = ἔχιδνα, Luke iii. 7; A. S. nædre; O. H. G. natra, f.; Germ. natter]:—a viper, adder, snake, Edda 99, Hkv. Hjörv. 9, Vsp. 56; fránn naðr, 65, Edda 54 (in a verse); eitrsvalr naðr, 97 (in a verse); naðrs-tunga, snake-tongue, Ísl. ii. (in a verse): the fem. naðra, in Edda 99, Stj. 97, 417, Fas. i. 220; nema sú naðra er renndi at honum, 76; nöðrur ok ormar, Fms. iv. 248:—in poetical expressions, naðra-deyðir, ‘snake-bane,’ i. e. the winter, Mork. 214; naðrs-bingr, serpent-lair, i. e. gold; unda naðr, wound-snake, i. e. the sword; rausnar-naðr = a ship (see rausn); sjávar-naðr, a sea-serpent, i. e. a ship of war; val-naðr, hræ-naðr, carrion-serpent, i. e. a sword, see Lex. Poët.: the word is never used in prose.

2. freq. also of a war ship = Ormr, Hallfred (Fs. 208, 209).

3. the name of a sword, Eg.

COMPDS: nöðrukyn, nöðruætt.

Naðverskr

No entry

Cleasby-Vigfusson

adj. Nazarene, Mar., N. T., Vídal., Pass.

naf

No entry

Cleasby-Vigfusson

n. = nöf (q. v.), the bark of a tree, Hkr. i. (in a verse).

NAFARR
Zoëga

(dat. nafri), m. auger, gimlet.

Cleasby-Vigfusson

m., dat. nafri, [from nöf, q. v.], prop. a ‘nave-borer,’ an auger, whence a gimlet, Sks. 31, Fs. 176, Ld. 116, Edda 48, 49, Vm. 165.

COMPDS: nafar-gat and nafars-rauf, n. a gimlet hole, Edda 49. nafra-skjóða, u, f. a gimlet case, Fb. i. 301.

nafar-skeptr

No entry

Cleasby-Vigfusson

adj. a απ. λεγ.; línbrækr nafarskeptar, Fms. vii. 170 (of cloth of a peculiar texture); cp. einskepta, ferskepta.

nafla-gras

No entry

Cleasby-Vigfusson

n., botan. koenigia Islandica, Hjalt.

nafla-strengr

No entry

Cleasby-Vigfusson

m. the umbilical cord.

NAFLI
Zoëga

m. navel.

Cleasby-Vigfusson

a, m. [A. S. navela; Engl. navel; O. H. G. nabulo; Germ. nabel; Dan. navle; Gr. ὀμφαλός; Lat. umbilicus]:—the navel, Fms. v. 346, Hb. 415. 15.

COMPDS: naflagras, naflastrengr.

NAFN
Zoëga

n.

1) name; at nafni, by name; í nafni e-s, in one’s name;

2) name, title (hersir at nafni).

Cleasby-Vigfusson

often spelt namn, n.; [Ulf. namo; common to all Teut. languages without the n, which has been preserved in the Norse; Dan. navn; Swed. namn; Lat. nomen; Gr. ὄνομα]:—a name; af hans nafni tók nafn Britannia, Fms. xi. 416; spyrja e-n at nafni, Nj. 6; gefa namn, Grág. i. 101; at nafni, by name, passim; kalla á namn e-s, 623. 24; í nafni e-s, in one’s name, id., passim; skírnar-nafn, a baptismal name; auk-nafn, a nickname. For the ancient ceremony, even of the heathen age, of sprinkling infants with water and giving them a name see the remarks and references given s. v. ausa, (to which add Dropl. 25, ok mun ek ekki við þér sjá, þvíat þú jóst mik vatni.) Proper names were either single as Steinn or compound as Hall-steinn, Þor-steinn, Vé-steinn, Há-steinn, Her-steinn, Gunn-steinn, see Þorst. hv. 46, Eb. 126 new Ed. (Append.); for giving names to infants see Vd. ch. 13, Nj. ch. 14, 59, Ld. ch. 13, Eb. ch. 7, 11, 12, and the Sagas passim. The ancient Teutons and Scandinavians used but one name, for nicknames are rare or of later date, and perh. came into use through contact with foreigners, as with the Gaelic tribes in the west, for in the Landn. …

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nafna
Zoëga

f. female namesake.

Cleasby-Vigfusson

u, f. a female namesake, Fas. iii. 554, Hom. 80.

nafna-gipt

No entry

Cleasby-Vigfusson

f. a giving of names, Stj. 130; in a bad sense, a calling names, mod.

nafna-skipti

No entry

Cleasby-Vigfusson

n. a change of names, Hom. 57.

nafna-skrá

No entry

Cleasby-Vigfusson

f. a roll of names.

nafni
Zoëga

m. namesake (finnast þeir nafnar jafnan).

Cleasby-Vigfusson

a, m. a namesake, Nj. 103, Fb. i. 76, Fs. 77.

nafn-bót
Zoëga

f. title, rank.

Cleasby-Vigfusson

f. a title, rank, Nj. 6, Fms. iii. 185, ix. 257, Fb. ii. 288: redress, Ísl. ii. 386.

nafn-festr
Zoëga

f. ‘name-fastening’, a gift which it was usual to make when a new name was given to any one (hvat gefr þú mér at nafnfesti?).

Cleasby-Vigfusson

f. ‘name-fastening,’ a gift which it was usual to give when a new name was given to any one; þú, sveinn, hefir gefit mér nafn, at ek skal heita Hrólfr kraki, en þat er títt, at gjöf skal fylgja nafnsfesti, Edda 81; konungr mælti, þú ert vandræða-skáld—Hallfreðr svarar, hvat gefr þú, konungr, mér at nafnfesti ef ek skal vandræða-skáld heita, Fs. 116; þetta fingr-gull vil ek gefa þér, Þormóðr, at kvæðis-launum ok at n., þvíat ek gef þér þat nafn at þn skalt heita Þormóðr Kolbrúnar-skáld, Fbr. 37 new Ed., Fb. i. 213, 262, 418, Fms. iii. 182.

nafn-frægr
Zoëga

a. famous, renowned.

Cleasby-Vigfusson

adj. famous, Ld. 20, Nj. 125, Stj. 73.

nafn-gipt
Zoëga

f. bestowing of title and rank.

Cleasby-Vigfusson

f. the bestowing a title, Eg. 66: a giving of names.

nafn-gipta
Zoëga

(-pta, -ptr), v. to name, call.

Cleasby-Vigfusson

t, to name, Fms. vii. 125, Stj. 82.

nafn-kenna
Zoëga

(-da, -dr), v. to name.

Cleasby-Vigfusson

d, to name, Stj. 140: nafn-kendr, part. famous.

nafn-kunnigr
Zoëga

a. renowned.

Cleasby-Vigfusson

adj. renowned, Grett. 87 A, Mar.

nafn-liga

No entry

Cleasby-Vigfusson

adv. by name, H. E. i. 484.

nafn-ligr
Zoëga

a. appropriate as a name.

Cleasby-Vigfusson

adj. fit as a name, Fms. vi. 390.

nafn-toga
Zoëga

(að), v. to name, mention, speak of.

Cleasby-Vigfusson

að, to name, mention, Fms. vi. 104: to extol, laud, nafn-togaðr, part. famous, freq. in mod. usage.

naga
Zoëga

(að), v. = gnaga.

Cleasby-Vigfusson

að, = gnaga (q. v.), to gnaw.

nagga
Zoëga

(að), v. = gnadda.

Cleasby-Vigfusson

að, [akin to gnúa], to rub:—to maunder, Grett. 98 A.

naggr

No entry

Cleasby-Vigfusson

m. a peg: metaph. an urchin.

NAGL
Zoëga

(gen. nagls, pl. negl), m. nail.

Cleasby-Vigfusson

m., pl. negl, in mod. usage nögl, f., gen. naglar, pl. neglr. Fas. ii. 370 (paper MS.); [A. S. nagel; Engl. nail; O. H. G. nakal; Germ. nagel; Dan. negl; Lat. unguis; Gr. ὄνυξ]:—the nail, Edda 110; negl ok hár, Fms, vi. 402, Fb. ii. 375; nagl sinn, Art. 70; á nornar nagli, Sdm.; hans negl vóru svá sterkir, Bev. 20; blóð stökk undan hverjum nagli, … hann skóf nagl sinn, Fas. i. 285; þat skip er gört af nöglum dauðra manna, ef maðr deyr með úskornum nöglum, Edda 41; hár eða negl eða frauðafætr, used for witchery, N. G. L. i. 362; kart-nagl, Nj. 52.

COMPDS: naglsrætr, naglæta.

nagla

No entry

Cleasby-Vigfusson

að, to nail, Gþl. 346.

nagla-far

No entry

Cleasby-Vigfusson

n. a nail-print, John xx. 25.

nagla-fastr

No entry

Cleasby-Vigfusson

adj. fastened with nails, Gþl. 346.

NAGLI
Zoëga

m. nail, spike (naglar í skipi).

Cleasby-Vigfusson

a, m. [A. S. nægel; Engl. nail; Dan. nagle]:—a nail, spike; naglar í skipi, Skálda 192; eyri fyrir nagla hvern ok ró á, N. G. L. i. 100; hurðin brotnaði at nöglum, Ó. H. 117, passim; tré-n., járn-n., hestskó-n. (a horseshoe-nail), Bs. i. 382: metaph., var-n., slá varnagla fyrir e-u, to take precaution:—a peg, þar vóru í naglar, þeir hétu regin-naglar, Eb. 10:—medic. the core of a boil, kveisu-n.

COMPDS: naglafar, naglafastr.

nagls-rætr

No entry

Cleasby-Vigfusson

f. pl. the root of the nail, Grág. i. 501.

Nagl-far

No entry

Cleasby-Vigfusson

n. the mythical ship made of nail-parings, Vsp. 50; for the tale see Edda 41.

Nagl-fari

No entry

Cleasby-Vigfusson

a, m. a giant, the husband of Night, Edda 7.

nagl-fastr

No entry

Cleasby-Vigfusson

adj. = naglafastr, Jb. 220.

nagl-hald

No entry

Cleasby-Vigfusson

n. a nail’s hold, Bs. ii. 503.

nagl-æta

No entry

Cleasby-Vigfusson

u, f. disease of the nail, Fél.

nagr

No entry

Cleasby-Vigfusson

m., wrongly spelt naðr, Fms. i. 178 (in a verse), a kind of bird, a magpie (?), Edda (Gl.); sveita nagr, blóðs-nagr, the blood-hawk, raven, poët., Haustl., Ísl. ii. 349 (in a verse).

nakinn
Zoëga

a. naked, = nøkviðr.

Cleasby-Vigfusson

and naktr, adj. naked; see nökwiðr.

nakkvat

No entry

Cleasby-Vigfusson

see nekkverr.

Nanna

No entry

Cleasby-Vigfusson

u, f. [nenna], the name of a goddess, the wife of Balder, Edda, Ls.:—freq. in poët. circumlocutions of a woman, ól-nanna, beðjar n., bauga n., Lex. Poët.

NAPR

No entry

Cleasby-Vigfusson

adj., nöpr, naprt, cold, chilly, of a piercing cold wind, whence nepja, q. v.; this word is not found in old writers; see apr.

NARA
Zoëga

(pres. nari), v. to linger.

Cleasby-Vigfusson

pres. nari, def. to linger, lounge; með þursi þríhöfðum þú skalt æ nara, Skm. 31; enum nennu-lausa þeim er narir í heiminum, Al. 100.

Narfi

No entry

Cleasby-Vigfusson

a, m. a pr. name, Landn., Korm.; whence Narfa-eyrr, f. a local name in western Icel.

Nari

No entry

Cleasby-Vigfusson

a, m. the name of a giant, a son of Loki, Edda.

narta

No entry

Cleasby-Vigfusson

að, [akin to gnaga], to pinch slightly, as a mouse does.

nasa-
Zoëga

gen. pl. from nös.

Cleasby-Vigfusson

see nös, the nostril.

nasa-læti
Zoëga

n. pl. snuffling.

Cleasby-Vigfusson

n. pl. snuffling, Fas. iii. 499.

nasa-vit
Zoëga

n. the sense of smell.

Cleasby-Vigfusson

n. the sense of scent, Mar.: metaph. of superficial knowledge.

nas-björg
Zoëga

f. = nefbjörg.

Cleasby-Vigfusson

f. = nefbjörg, Flóv., Karl. 357.

nas-bráðr
Zoëga

a. hot-headed.

Cleasby-Vigfusson

adj. snarling, hot-headed, Fbr. 19, 41 new Ed.

nas-hyrningr

No entry

Cleasby-Vigfusson

m. a rhinoceros.

nas-raufar
Zoëga

f. pl. nostrils.

Cleasby-Vigfusson

f. pl. the nostrils, Pr. 450, 472, 474, Karl. 298.

nas-vitr

No entry

Cleasby-Vigfusson

adj. [cp. Germ. nase-weis], ‘nose-wise,’ superficial and conceited.

natinn

No entry

Cleasby-Vigfusson

adj. assiduous, painstaking; vera natinn við e-ð.

NAUÐ
Zoëga

f.

1) need, distress; í nauðum staddr, in distress, distressed; með nauðum, with great difficulty;

2) bondage, = ánauð (seldr í nauð);

3) pl. shackles, fetters (hann vissi sér á höndum höfgar nauðir).

Cleasby-Vigfusson

f. [Ulf. nauþs = ἀνάγκη; A. S. neôd; Engl. need; Hel. nôd; O. H. G. nôt; Germ. noth; Dan. nöd]:—need, difficulty, distress; í hverri nauð, Hom. 34; nauð ok erfiði, Fms. vii. 208; þola nauð, to suffer need, Lex. Poët.; vetrlig nauð, Sks. 49; með nauðum, with great difficulty, Fms. ix. 387; hann var borinn með nauðum, Þryml. 8:—bondage, hann var hertekinn ok síðan seldr í nauð, Fms. x. 391 (á-nauð, q. v.): höfgar nauðir, ‘heavy needs,’ of fetters, Vkv. 11:—labour, of women, in nauð-göngull, q. v.: of spells, hverr feldi af mér fölvar nauðir, Sdm. 1; nema e-n ór nauðum, to deliver, Fsm. 40; vera í nauðum, to be charmed, spell-bound, Lex. Poët.:—the Rune RUNE, Sdm. 7, Rkv., see introduction:—poët., bog-nauð, dal-nauð, ‘bow-need,’ i. e. the hand, Edda ii. 429; kykva nauð, id., Þd.

COMPDS: nauðarmaðr, nauðahandsal, nauðakostr, nauðalaust, nauðamikill, nauðasátt.

nauða
Zoëga

(að), v. to rustle, = g~.

Cleasby-Vigfusson

að, to rustle, Sd. 160: = gnauða, q. v.

nauðar-maðr

No entry

Cleasby-Vigfusson

m. a bondsman, Fs. 87.

nauða-handsal

No entry

Cleasby-Vigfusson

n. an enforced hansel, not valid in law, Grág. i. 493.

nauða-kostr
Zoëga

m. dire choice.

Cleasby-Vigfusson

m. a dire choice, Stj. 368.

nauða-laust

No entry

Cleasby-Vigfusson

n. adj., or at nauðalausu, without necessity, N. G. L. i. 349.

nauða-mikill
Zoëga

a. very severe (vetr ~).

Cleasby-Vigfusson

adj. very severe, Ísl. ii. 132.

nauða-sátt

No entry

Cleasby-Vigfusson

or -sætt, f. a forced agreement, Sturl. iii. 150, Fms. vii. 248, viii. 154, O. H. L. 90.

nauðga
Zoëga

(að), v. to compel, force, with dat. (n. mönnum til blóta).

Cleasby-Vigfusson

að, [nauðigr], to compel, force, 625. 71: with dat., n. e-m til e-s, nauðga mönnum til blóta, 65, Fms. i. 129, xi. 181, Nj. 134; n. e-m til sagna, Fb. 46 new Ed.:—to ravish, Lat. violare, K. Á. 214.

II. reflex. to be compelled, Fms. xi. 432; fyrir því nauðgumk ek til, I am compelled, 580 A. 2.

nauðgan

No entry

Cleasby-Vigfusson

f. compulsion:—ravishing.

nauðigr
Zoëga

(acc. nauðgan), a. unwilling, reluctant (Þyri fór mjök nauðig); taka konu nauðga, to ravish, mér er e-t nauðigt, it is against any will, I do not like it.

Cleasby-Vigfusson

adj., in old writers often contr. nauðgan, nauðgir, nauðgum, forced, unwilling, N. G. L. i. 12, Ld. 172; Þyri fór mjök nauðig, Fms. ii. 132, Landn. 247; láta hann fara nauðgan, Nj. 114; ef maðr færir mann nauðgan ördrag eða lengra … varðar þat, Grág. ii. 131; af nauðgum múnkum, Fms. vii. 207; með nauðgum kosti, Barl. 70; þó honum væri þetta nauðigt, Flóv.; taka konu nauðga, to ravish, Fms. ix. 451, D.I. i. 243, N. G. L. ii. 52.

nauðr
Zoëga

f. necessily, need; ef mik ~ um stendr, if I am in need.

Cleasby-Vigfusson

f.; this is perh. the only fem. of the 1st decl. which has retained the inflexive r as in Goth.; for the feminines with i in acc. and dat., see Gramm. p. xvii, col. 2 (III. at the bottom), are of a different declension; [Scot. neide, see nauð]:—necessity, only used in nom.; ef mik nauðr um stendr, Hm. 155; nauðr um skildi, need made them part, Vkv. 3; nauðr er at nýta eiða, ‘tis needful to keep one’s oath, Orkn. (in a verse); rak hann þó engi n. til þess, there was no necessity for him, Skálda 164; mun þik þó n. til reka, Nj. 61, Fs. 127; n. er á e-u, eigi drap ek Gauk fyrr en mér væri nauðr á, Nj. 227; enda sé þó n. at skilja (one must needs know) hvat þeir stoða í málinu, Skálda 165; mun eigi n. at minnask Jökuls fræada várs, Fs. 23; þótti þeim n. til bera, Fms. vi. 38.

nauðung
Zoëga

f. compulsion, constraint.

Cleasby-Vigfusson

f. compulsion, Fms. i. 297, H. E. i. 503, Ó. H. 243, Fs. 76; göra e-m nauðung, Bs. i. 288:—unwillingness, Sturl. iii. 95.

COMPDS: nauðungareiðr, nauðungarkostr, nauðungarlaust, nauðungarmaðr, nauðungarsætt.

nauðungar-eiðr
Zoëga

m. an oath taken under compulsion.

Cleasby-Vigfusson

m. an oath taken under compulsion, Fms. vii. 176.

nauðungar-kostr
Zoëga

m. compulsory terms.

Cleasby-Vigfusson

m. a dire choice, Eg. 89.

nauðungar-laust
Zoëga

adv. without compulsion.

Cleasby-Vigfusson

n. adj. without compulsion, Fms. vi. 215: unharmed, 265.

nauðungar-maðr
Zoëga

m., vera ~ e-s, to be under another person’s thumb.

Cleasby-Vigfusson

m.; in the phrase, vera e-s n., to be under another person’s thumb, yield him forced obedience, Ld. 170, Fms. i. 75.

nauðungar-sætt
Zoëga

f. compulsory agreement (cf. nauðasætt).

Cleasby-Vigfusson

f. = nauðasætt, Hkr. iii. 373.

nauðu-liga
Zoëga

adv.

1) in need; ~ kominn, staddr, in straits;

2) with difficulty; komast ~ undan, á brott, fá ~ forðat sér, to have a narrow escape.

Cleasby-Vigfusson

mod. nauðugliga, adv. in need; n. kominn, staddr, in straits, Fms. i. 186, Sturl. i. 79, Karl. 456; kom hón n. frá, Eb. 318:—direly, closely, at rétta þann krók er honum var svá n. beygðr, Ld. 40:—with difficulty, Nj. 245; komask n. undan, á brott, to have a narrow escape, 155, Fms. i. 75; hann fékk n. forðat sér, ix. 408; hann dró undan sem nauðuligast, 393; komsk hón n. frá, Eb. 318, = Dan. med nöd og neppe; er þeir megu lifa við sem nauðuligast, Hom. 87; ganga n. fram, to proceed slowly, Bs. ii. 157.

nauð-beita
Zoëga

f. sailing close to the wind (leggja í nauðbeitu).

Cleasby-Vigfusson

1. t, to stand close to the wind.

2. u, f. a standing close to the wind; leggja í nauðbeitu, Grett. 13 new Ed.

nauð-beygðr

No entry

Cleasby-Vigfusson

part. forced, compelled, Sturl. ii. 50, Bs. ii. 46; þat undirbrot, er Svíar hafa þá nauðbeygt, subdued them, Fb. ii. 37.

nauð-beygja
Zoëga

(-ða, -ðr), v. to force, compel, subdue.

Cleasby-Vigfusson

u, f. constraint, Hallgr.

nauð-fölr
Zoëga

a. very pale.

Cleasby-Vigfusson

adj. very pale, Akv. 16.

nauð-gjald
Zoëga

n. forced payment.

Cleasby-Vigfusson

n. forced payment, Edda 73.

nauð-göngull
Zoëga

a. helping (women) in need (þær nornir, er nauðgönglar eru).

Cleasby-Vigfusson

adj. ‘need-going,’ helping in need, of a midwife; hverjar ‘ro þær nornir er nauðgönglar eru, ok kjósa mæðr frá mögum, who are the weird sisters, who assist and deliver mothers in childbearing? Fm.

nauð-heit

No entry

Cleasby-Vigfusson

n. a vow made in need; nauðheita maðr, a supplicant, 625. 192.

nauð-hleyti

No entry

Cleasby-Vigfusson

or nauð-leyti, n. close affinity, relationship; vera í nauðleytum við e-n, Glúm. 386; sakir mægða ok nauðleyta, Fms. x. 309. nauðleyta-maðr, m. a near kinsman, Germ. blutverwandt, Ísl. ii. 324, Dropl. 30, Stj. 427; frændr ok nauðleytamenn, frændr eðr aðra n., Ld. 330, Eg. 139, Gísl. 61; see hleyti.

nauð-kván
Zoëga

f. unwilling wife.

Cleasby-Vigfusson

f. an unwilling wife, wedded to one she hates. Fas. iii. 68.

nauð-liga
Zoëga

adv. painfully.

Cleasby-Vigfusson

adv. = nauðuliga:—closely, negldr n., fast nailed, Sól. 65.

nauð-ljótr
Zoëga

a. hideous.

Cleasby-Vigfusson

adj. very hideous, Fas. ii. 295.

nauð-maðr
Zoëga

m. husband.

Cleasby-Vigfusson

m. a near kinsman. Am. 23.

nauð-mágr
Zoëga

m. an enforced mágr.

Cleasby-Vigfusson

m. an enforced mágr, Fms. ii. 291.

nauð-oka
Zoëga

(að), v. to compel, force.

Cleasby-Vigfusson

að, to enforce, compel, Fas. iii. 214.

nauð-pína
Zoëga

(-da, -dr), v. to force by torments.

Cleasby-Vigfusson

d, to torment, Fas. i. 96.

nauð-raka

No entry

Cleasby-Vigfusson

að, to shave close.

nauð-reki
Zoëga

a. drifted by a storm.

Cleasby-Vigfusson

adj. tossed or drifted by a storm, Fas. ii. 455.

nauð-skilja
Zoëga

a. indecl. doomed to part.

Cleasby-Vigfusson

adj. doomed to part, verða n., Bs. i. 79.

nauð-skilnaðr
Zoëga

m. forced parting, forced divorce.

Cleasby-Vigfusson

m. a forced parting, forced divorce, Sturl. i. 96.

nauð-sköllóttr

No entry

Cleasby-Vigfusson

adj. quite bald.

nauð-staddr
Zoëga

pp. distressed, = í nauðum staddr.

Cleasby-Vigfusson

part. needy, distressed, Fms. x. 397, K. Þ. K. 82, K. Á. 168, Þiðr. 124, passim.

nauð-syn
Zoëga

(gen. -synjar, pl. -synjar), f. need, necessity (er ~ at drepa niðr illu orði); ganga ~ja sinna = ganga eyrna (eyrenda) sinna.

Cleasby-Vigfusson

f., pl. nauðsynjar, need, necessity; er nauðsyn að drepa niðr íllu orði, Nj. 21; kveðr hann vel hafa vikisk við sína nauðsyn, Fms. xi. 29; at koma þér at liði ef þú þyrftir í nokkura nauðsyn, Ísl. ii. 327; nauðsyn er lögum ríkri, necessity breaks the law, a saying, Mar.; nauðsynja hjálp, help in need, H. E. i. 489: as a law term, lawful impediment, þessar eru nauðsynjar, Gþl. 290; nauðsynjar-vitni or -váttr, a witness produced to prove impediment, N. G. L. i. 32, 217, Gþl. 539; sitja heima at nauðsynjum sínum, by necessity, Grág. i. 48; ganga nauðsynja sinna = ganga eyrna (eyrinda sinna), Sks. 718, Eb. 270, Fms. vi. 375; nauðsynja-eyrendi, -för, -sýsla, -mál, -verk, a pressing journey, business, affair, case, work, Fms. x. 335, xi. 29, 268, Nj. 145, Eg. 198, Grág. i. 78, Hkr. i. 293, Bs. i. 170, Sks. 286, 711, Js. 6. nauðsynja-laust, n. adj. unhindered; syngja hvern dag löghelgan nauðsynjalaust, K. Þ. K. 50; or, at nauðsynjalausu, without necessity: without impediment, unhindered, lögsögumaðr er útlagr þrim mörkum ef hann kemr eigi til alþingis at nauðsynjalausu, Grág. i. 4, 12.

nauð-synja
Zoëga

(að), v. impers., e-n ~r, one stands in need of.

Cleasby-Vigfusson

1. u, f. = nauðsynjaváttr, N. G. L. i. 218.

2. að, impers. to stand in need of; þann kost sem oss nauðsynjar, Stj. 212; kaupa þá hluti sem oss nauðsynjar, 215, Mar.; nauðsynjaðr, obliged; vera nauðsynjaðr, to be obliged, bound to, Bs. ii. 45.

nauð-synliga
Zoëga

adv. necessarily.

Cleasby-Vigfusson

adv. necessarily, Fms. xi. 68, Band. 4 new Ed.

nauð-synligr
Zoëga

a. necessary.

Cleasby-Vigfusson

adj. necessary, Eg. 182, Ísl. ii. 151, Fms. i. 262, vi. 8, passim:—compulsory, K. Á. 74:—hard, severe, Sks. 710.

nauð-virktar-maðr

No entry

Cleasby-Vigfusson

m. = nauðleytarnaðr.

nauma

No entry

Cleasby-Vigfusson

u, f., poët. a woman, from her tight dress (?); nála n., a needle-woman, Grett. (in a verse): hirði-n., hör-n., poët. = a woman, linen-keeper, Lex. Poët.

naumindi

No entry

Cleasby-Vigfusson

n. pl. difficulty; með naumindum, with difficulty.

NAUMR

No entry

Cleasby-Vigfusson

adj. [akin to nema?], narrow, close; í holdsins hreysi naumu, Pass. 17. 10: close, scant, stingy, verða naumt fyrir, to run short as to time; hafa nauman tíma, to have a short time; naum grið, Bs. ii. 508 (17th century); vera naumt við kominn, to be pressed for time: superl. naumast, as adv. scarcely or narrowly, eg get naumast lesið það, I can hardly read it.

Naum-dæll

No entry

Cleasby-Vigfusson

adj. one from Naumu-dalr, a county in Norway, so called from the river Nauma, Fms., Landn., Munch’s Norg. Beskr. Naum-dælskr, adj. id., Fms. vi. 112.

naum-látr

No entry

Cleasby-Vigfusson

adj. close, stingy, Fas. iii. 425.

naum-liga

No entry

Cleasby-Vigfusson

adv. scarcely, hardly.

NAUST
Zoëga

n. boat-house, boat-shed.

Cleasby-Vigfusson

n. [Dan. nöst; Orkn. noust; from an obsolete nó-r = a ship, with which cp. Lat. navis, Gr. ναυς]:—a ship-shed, boat-house, often used in pl., like Lat. navalia or Engl. docks; konungr hafði látið göra hús mikit, þat er hann ætlaði til nausts, þat var nírætt at lengd en sextigi álna breitt, Fms. vii. 247, x. 13, Ó. H. 62, 115, Fbr. 93 new Ed.; skip í nausti, Korm. 68; hann gengr út ór naustinu, id.; hann leyndisk í naustinu, ofan frá naustinu, Grett. 88, 97, 99, Fs. 147, Háv. 27 new Ed., Eb. 236, passim; hurða-naust, a shed of hurdles, Háv. 20 new Ed.: poët., nausta blakkr, ‘naust-steed,’ i. e. a ship, Hkr. i. (in a verse); böðvar-naust, war-shed, i. e. a shield, Nj. (in a verse); hríðar-n., tempest-shed, i. e. the sky, Harms. 23: local name, Nausta-lækr, Ísl. ii.

COMPDS: naustdyrr, naustgörð, naustveggr.

naust-dyrr

No entry

Cleasby-Vigfusson

n. pl. ‘nausl-doors,’ Stor. 3, Rd. 268.

naust-görð

No entry

Cleasby-Vigfusson

f. ‘naust-making,’ N. G. L. i. 101, Pm. 7, Vm. 14.

naust-veggr

No entry

Cleasby-Vigfusson

m. ‘naust-wall,’ Fær. 268.

NAUT
Zoëga

I) n. neat, cattle (menn hafa þar mart ~a ok sauða).

II) from njóta.

Cleasby-Vigfusson

n. [from njóta; A. S. neât; Engl. neat; Scot. nout; O. H. G. nôz; Dan. nöd]:—cattle, oxen: plur., naut ok sauði, Fms. ii. 92, vi. 69, Ld. 160, Fs. 26, 128; ef hann hefir oxa í nautum sínum, N. G. L. i. 25; láta inn naut, Gísl. 20; hann knýtir saman halana á nautunum, 29; gæta nauta, Bjarn. 32; hann kom til nautanna, ok stangaði hvert annat, Grett. 112; þessi vetr var kallaðr sandvetr, þá dó hundrað nauta fyrir Snorra Sturlusyni á Svignaskarði, Sturl. ii. 93 (of herds of cattle grazing in the mountain pastures during winter); kunna ek á ísleggjum, en þú kunnir þat eigi heldr en naut, Fms. vii. 120; nauta fjöldi, flokkr, a drove of cattle, Glúm. 342, Stj.; naut mörg, Eg. 743; nauts belgr, skinn, húð, a neat’s hide, skin, Landn. 212, Hkr. iii. 80, Eb. 136, Sks. 184; nauts höfuð, rófa, síða, Grett. 116, Eb. 276, Fms. ii. 139; nauts fall, a neat’s carcase, Fms. v. 21; nauts búkr, id., Eb. 220, Fms. ix. 309; nauts blóð or nauta blóð, Landn. 258, Hdl. 10; nauts bein, Fms. ii. 142; nauts virði, a neat’s worth, price of a head of cattle, D. N.; nauts fóðr, ‘a neat’s fodder,’ a measure of hay enough to keep one cow through winter, Eb. …

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nauta-afréttr

No entry

Cleasby-Vigfusson

m. a mountain pasture for cattle; kirkja á n. á Flötr, Vm. 115.

nauta-beit
Zoëga

f. pasture for cattle.

Cleasby-Vigfusson

f. grazing cattle, Vm. 18.

nauta-brunnr
Zoëga

m. well for watering cattle.

Cleasby-Vigfusson

m. a well for watering cattle, Fms. x. 377, Fagrsk. 4.

nauta-dauði

No entry

Cleasby-Vigfusson

m. a cattle-plague, Ann. 1187.

nauta-ferill
Zoëga

m. cattle-track.

Cleasby-Vigfusson

m. a cattle-track, Njarð. 378.

nauta-fjós

No entry

Cleasby-Vigfusson

n. a cow-stall, D. N.

nauta-flokkr
Zoëga

m. drove of cattle.

Cleasby-Vigfusson

m. a herd, Lv. 91.

nauta-gæzla
Zoëga

f. the keeping of cattle.

Cleasby-Vigfusson

u, f. the keeping cattle, Eg. 715.

nauta-hellir
Zoëga

m. a cave used as a stall.

Cleasby-Vigfusson

m. a cave used as a stall, Bs. i. 320.

nauta-hlaða

No entry

Cleasby-Vigfusson

u, f. a cattle-barn, Sturl. ii. 232.

nauta-hundr

No entry

Cleasby-Vigfusson

m. a neatherd’s dog, N. G. L. i. 234.

nauta-höfn

No entry

Cleasby-Vigfusson

f. pasture for cattle, D. N.

nauta-maðr
Zoëga

m. neat-herd, herdsman.

Cleasby-Vigfusson

m. a neatherd, herdsman, Eb. 316, Grett. 112, Glúm. 306.

nauta-mark
Zoëga

n. cattle-mark.

Cleasby-Vigfusson

n. a cattle-mark, Grág. i. 397.

nauta-matr

No entry

Cleasby-Vigfusson

m. the meat of cattle, Sks. 191.

nauta-sveinn

No entry

Cleasby-Vigfusson

m. = nautamaðr, Mar.

nauta-tík

No entry

Cleasby-Vigfusson

f. = nautahundr, Bs. i. 284: as a nickname, Sturl. iii. 35.

nauta-tún

No entry

Cleasby-Vigfusson

n. [Engl. Naughton], ‘neat-town,’ a fenced cattle pasture, Gþl. 433, v. l.

nauta-vara
Zoëga

f. cattle-hides.

Cleasby-Vigfusson

u, f. ‘neat’s-ware,’ i. e. hides and the like, Sks. 184.

nauta-verk

No entry

Cleasby-Vigfusson

n. a tending cattle, Eg. 714.

nautn
Zoëga

f. use made of a thing (ofmikil ~ á skóginum), = neyzla.

Cleasby-Vigfusson

f. [njóta], the use of a thing; ok á sá at sækja um nautnina er hross á, Grág. i. 432; nautn á skógi, ii. 293; ef maðr neytir hross enni meiri nautn, en þat er meiri nautn …, i. 441.

2. metaph. enjoyment; hafið ér jarðliga hluti í nautn, Greg. 32; andleg nautn, líkamleg nautn, and the like, passim in mod. usage.

NAUTR
Zoëga

(-s, -ar), m.

1) partaker (with another person);

2) donor, giver (góðr þótti mér þá ~inn, er Hákon jarl var);

3) gift (following the gen. of the person from whom it comes); sverðit konungs-~, the sword that was the king’s gift.

Cleasby-Vigfusson

m. [Germ. ge-nosse; from njóta], a mate, fellow; bera kvið í dóm fram með nauta sína, Grág. i. 369; bera kvið at dómi með nauta þína átta en þú sér sjálfr inn níundi, ii. 39; þjófs-nautr, a receiver of stolen goods:—in compds = Germ. genosse, a mate; mötu-nautr, a mess-mate; legu-nautr, rekkju-n., a bed-fellow; sessu-n., bekkju-n., a bench-mate; kaupu-n., a customer; föru-n., a fellow-traveller; söku-n., a transgressor; ráðu-n., a councillor.

II. a person from whom a gift is received, a donor, giver; góðr þótti mér þá nautrinn er Hákon jarl var, Fms. ii. 171; góðr er nautrinn, Ólafr konungr gaf mér hring þenna í morgin, v. 93.

2. an object is called the nautr of the person from whom it comes, whether it be as a gift, or even as booty; sverðit konungs-nautr, the sword the king’s gift, Ld. 204; Hallfreðr var lagðr í kistu ok gripir hans með honum konungs-nautar, skikkja, hringr ok hjálmr, Fms. iii. 28; hringinn Sigvalda naut, 24: the charmed ring Andvara-nautr, Edda 75; skikkjuna Flosa-naut, Nj. 176; skikkjuna Gunnlaugs naut, Ísl. ii. 274; bauginn Brosu-naut, Gullþ. …

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naut-beit

No entry

Cleasby-Vigfusson

f. = nautabeit, Vm. 88.

naut-dauðr

No entry

Cleasby-Vigfusson

m. a cattle-plague, Ann. 1187.

naut-fall
Zoëga

n. = nauts-fall.

Cleasby-Vigfusson

n. = nauts fall, Hkr. ii. 311.

naut-fellir
Zoëga

m. loss (death) of cattle.

Cleasby-Vigfusson

m. loss of cattle, Ann. 1187; nautfellis vár, vetr, Sturl. i. 227, Bs. i. 488.

naut-fé
Zoëga

n. cattle.

Cleasby-Vigfusson

n. cattle, Grág. i. 458.

naut-heimskr

No entry

Cleasby-Vigfusson

adj. stupid as a nout.

naut-hveli

No entry

Cleasby-Vigfusson

n. a ‘sea-neat,’ sea-cow.

naut-högg
Zoëga

n. the blow which fells an ox (nú vil ek eigi bíða ~sins).

Cleasby-Vigfusson

n. ‘neat-blow,’ the blow which fells an ox; nú vil ek eigi bíða nauthöggsins, I will not wait for the ‘neat-blow,’ Fms. vii. 244; cp. bíða einsog boli höggs, to wait for the blow like a bull, of a person undecided and as if in a kind of stupor.

naut-peningr

No entry

Cleasby-Vigfusson

m. cattle.

naut-reki
Zoëga

m. herdsman, drover.

Cleasby-Vigfusson

a, m. a herdsman, drover, Bs. i. 244, Al. 52.

naut-skinn

No entry

Cleasby-Vigfusson

n. a neat’s skin, Rétt.

naut-tarfr

No entry

Cleasby-Vigfusson

m. a bull.

naut-tava

No entry

Cleasby-Vigfusson

prob. a false reading for naut tvau, Fas. i. 253.

na-lykt

No entry

Cleasby-Vigfusson

f. the smell of a corpse.

ná
Zoëga

(nái, náða, nát), v.

1) to get hold of, reach, overtake, with dat. (Ingimundr hleypr nú í skóginn ok náðu þeir honum ekki); ná til e-s, to reach one (með sverðinu);

2) to get, obtain (er hann náði konungs fundi); vér höfum eigi nát lögum, we have not had a lawful trial;

3) with infin., to be able, be allowed (náði engi maðr at bera konungsnafn, nema hann einn); heilindi sitt ef maðr hafa náir, if a man may enjoy his good health;

4) impers., kennimenn þeir er á þvísa landi næði, those clergymen who were to be got in this country;

5) refl., nást, to be caught; ef þat náist eigi, if that cannot be attained; recipr., to reach one another; þar var mýrlent ok máttu þeir eigi nást til, they could not come to close quarters.

Cleasby-Vigfusson

f. = gná (q. v.), Skáld H. passim, and in mod. poetry.

NÁ
Zoëga

(nái, náða, nát), v.

1) to get hold of, reach, overtake, with dat. (Ingimundr hleypr nú í skóginn ok náðu þeir honum ekki); ná til e-s, to reach one (með sverðinu);

2) to get, obtain (er hann náði konungs fundi); vér höfum eigi nát lögum, we have not had a lawful trial;

3) with infin., to be able, be allowed (náði engi maðr at bera konungsnafn, nema hann einn); heilindi sitt ef maðr hafa náir, if a man may enjoy his good health;

4) impers., kennimenn þeir er á þvísa landi næði, those clergymen who were to be got in this country;

5) refl., nást, to be caught; ef þat náist eigi, if that cannot be attained; recipr., to reach one another; þar var mýrlent ok máttu þeir eigi nást til, they could not come to close quarters.

Cleasby-Vigfusson

pres. nái, náir, nái, (mod. næ, nær, nær); pl. nám; reflex. náisk, mod. næst; pret. náði; subj. næði; part. náð, better náit; pret. infin. náðu, Fms. vi. 409 (in a verse): with neg. suff. náði-t, could not, Geisli 19, Sighvat (Ó. H. 218): [Dan. naa, akin to ná-, = to come near.]

B. To reach, catch, overtake, and the like, with dat.; þá mun Sveinn eptir leggja ok hans menn ok vilja ná þér, to overtake thee, Fb. ii. 8; bjarndýri er ek náða á Íslandi, Fs. 27; þegar at ek nái honum, Fær. 94; náit þér honum eigi, Nj. 63; Sigurðr var manna fóthvatastr, fengu þeir honum ekki náit at sinni, Fagrsk. 167; allir hans menn þeir sem náit var, who were caught, O. H. L. 17; þótti þá ván at braut mundi ná heininni, to get it out, Edda 59; Helgi býr ferð sína at ná í braut Yrsu, Fas. i. 32; en er þeir náðu stokkunum, Eg. 90: ná til, to reach; ef höfuðit næði til bolsins, 625. 97; ná til eins með sverði, Dropl. 25.

II. metaph. to get, obtain; hann vill biðja sér konu ok náir hann eigi ráðinu, Nj. 259; at hann náir eigi víngarðinum af honum, Stj. 600; menn þá er eigi máttu þjónustu ná, Sól. 60; ok þó eigi ráðit hvárt vér næðim þeirri er oss er meiri hugr á, Fms. …

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NÁÐ
Zoëga

(-ar, -ir), f.

1) grace, mercy, = miskunn; tóku þér hann útlendan ok úkunnan á þínar náðir, under thy protection;

2) pl. rest, peace, quietness; í náðum, in peace, quietness (S. bað hann vera þar um nóttina í náðum); ganga til náða, taka á sik náðir, to go to rest, compose oneself to rest.

Cleasby-Vigfusson

f. [early Swed. nad = rest; cp. Germ. gnade; Dan. naade]:—rest, peace, quietness; this is the primitive sense of the word, and is still used, but only

I. in the plur.; frelsi ok góðar náðir, Fms. ii. 4; í náðum, in peace, quietness; vera þar um nóttina í náðum, Eb. 306; sofa í náðum, 152; njótask í náðum, Vígl. 23; tala í náðum, leisurely; eta í náðum; drekka saman í náðum, snugly: protection, tókt þú hann útlendan á þínar náðir, Fms. i. 140; nálgast hef ek á náðir þín, Skíða R. 94; taka á sik náðir, to take to rest, Fms. ii. 83; kómu vér hér með náðum sem friðmenn, Stj. 213: sing., ganga á þeirra náð (= náðir?), Fs. 11. náða-hús, n. a house of rest, closet, Stj. 1: a privy, Fs. 149, Ann. 1343.

II. sing. grace in an eccl. sense, and no doubt influenced by foreign writers, for it occurs first in poets of the 14th century, Líkn., Lil., Gd. (Bs. ii), and is not used in old classical prose writers. The kings of Norway in writs subsequent to 1360 A. D. are styled af Guðs ‘náð’ instead of the older Guðs miskunn, D. N. i. pref. xxvii, note 16; Guðs náðar, Hkr. …

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náða
Zoëga

(að), v. to give rest and peace to, protect;

refl., náðast, to get rest.

Cleasby-Vigfusson

að, to give peace and rest; friða ok náða, Magn. 464:—to pardon: reflex. to get rest, Fms. iii. 167.

náðugr
Zoëga

a. merciful.

Cleasby-Vigfusson

adj. merciful, Hkr. iii. 202, Gd. 32.

náðu-liga
Zoëga

adv. privately, quietly.

Cleasby-Vigfusson

adv. quietly, Gþl. 16; þartil at skip kæmi at n., Rd. 245.

náðu-ligr
Zoëga

a. peaceful, quiet.

Cleasby-Vigfusson

adj. mild, Stj. 192: merciful, 289.

náð-hús
Zoëga

n. privy.

Cleasby-Vigfusson

n. = náðahús, Bs. ii. 136, Fb. ii. 87.

náinn
Zoëga

(pl. nánir), a.

1) near; náit er nef augum, nose is near of kin to eyes;

2) ~ e-m, closely related to, a near kinsman of (þeir menn eru þér nánir at frændsemi).

Cleasby-Vigfusson

adj., pl. nánir, compar. nánari:—near to; náit er nef augum, Nj. 21: metaph., náinn e-m, closely related, a near kinsman of, Grág. i. 293; næsta bræðra eðr nánari konu, 345; systrungum eðr nánarum mönnum, 228; þótt mér sé nánastr maðrinn, Hrafn. 10; af svá nánum frænda, Gullþ. 7, Fms. vi. 172; inn nánasti niðr, Grág. i. 171, N. G. L. i. 17; inir nánostu frændr, Bs. i. 90; nánir at frændsemi, Fms. xi. 7, Grág. (Kb.) i. 29; byggja svá náit at frændsemi, to marry one so nearly related, Hkr. i. 8.

NÁL
Zoëga

(-ar, -ar), f. needle.

Cleasby-Vigfusson

f., pl. nálar; [Goth. neþla; A. S. nædl; Old Engl. neeld; Engl. needle; O. H. G. nadal; Germ. nadel; in the Scandin. contr. Dan.-Swed. nål or naal]:—a needle, Fas. i. 393, iii. 139; nál ok skreppa, Fms. vi. 374: a kind of needle used by sailors, Edda (Gl.); nálar margar (for repairing the sails), Sks. 30; bíta úr nálinni, to bite off the thread; þú ert ekki búinn að bíta úr nálinni enn, a saying, cp. the ghost story in Maurer’s Volks. 60; skó-nál, a cobbler’s needle, Skíða R.; hey-nál, q. v.; saum-nál, a sewing needle; nálar auga, a needle’s eye; nálar oddr, a needle’s point; þræða nál, to thread a needle; Pétrs-nál, the name of an obelisk, Symb. 24, Róm. 248 (= Aculea Sti. Petri).

2. metaph. the first sprouts of grass in the spring; það er komin upp svo lítil nál.

II. the name of a giantess, Loki’s mother, Edda.

COMPDS: nálbein, nálbugr, náldofi, nálþráðr, nálanauma, nálgrund.

nála-nauma

No entry

Cleasby-Vigfusson

Grett. (in a verse);

nálgask

No entry

Cleasby-Vigfusson

að, dep. [náligr], to approach, come near to; nálgask e-n, Gm. 53, Bs. i. 47, Fms. i. 76, vi. 390, passim; var för í sortanum ok nálgaðisk higat, vii. 163; n. til e-s, 623. 6l, Sks. 614: to come by, n. sitt góðs, Bs. i. 329: to touch, þar er hann n. ok hann man, where he touches the fact and recollects, Grág. i. 45.

nálgr

No entry

Cleasby-Vigfusson

m. an urchin, hedgehog, Lat. echinus, Björn.

II. medic. verminatio, a greedy false appetite, caused by worms.

náliga
Zoëga

adv.

1) nigh, near at hand, near to;

2) almost, nearly (hann varð ok ~ alls þess víss, er við bar).

Cleasby-Vigfusson

adv. nigh, near to, near at hand, with dat., Sks. 782; þar var n. til görs at ganga, Ld. 96; um várit n. kyndil-messu, Fms. x. 411: as adv almost, nearly, well-nigh, Eg. 58, Nj. 219, Fms. i. 222, ii. 50, Ld. 38, Sks. 62, Bs. i. 394, passim.

náligr
Zoëga

a. near, close at hand.

Cleasby-Vigfusson

adj. near, close at hand, Barl. 206, Sks. 42, v. l.

nál-bein

No entry

Cleasby-Vigfusson

n. the needle-like bones in fishes’ gills.

nál-bugr

No entry

Cleasby-Vigfusson

m. a needle’s bend; stökkr er n., Hallgr.

nál-dofi

No entry

Cleasby-Vigfusson

a, m. ‘pins and needles,’ numbness.

nál-grund

No entry

Cleasby-Vigfusson

Eb. (in a verse).

nál-þráðr

No entry

Cleasby-Vigfusson

m. needle-thread: a woman is called

nám
Zoëga

n.

1) seizure, occupation (cf. landnám);

2) learning, study (er hann var at námi).

Cleasby-Vigfusson

n. a kind of cloth or texture (?); in compds, nám-dúkr, m. a kerchief, Orkn. (in a verse): nám-kyrtill, m. a kirtle of nám, Ld. 244, Fb. i. 545: in poetry a lady is called nám-eik, nám-skorð, from wearing this raiment.

NÁM
Zoëga

n.

1) seizure, occupation (cf. landnám);

2) learning, study (er hann var at námi).

Cleasby-Vigfusson

n. [nema], seizure, occupation, see landnám, obsolete in this sense; cp. also the various compds, viðr-nám, etc.

II. metaph. mental acquisition, learning, study, science; vera til náms, Mar.; at minnask á nám þitt, Sks. 22; ok er hann var at námi, Fms. ix. 241; girniligr til náms, 8; til þess náms sem hann vildi þar nema, þaðan fór hann til Englands ok var í Lincolni, ok nam þar enn mikit nám, Bs. i. 92; hann görðisk enn mesti íþróttar-maðr í þess-konar námi, he became the greatest master in that science, viz. grammar, 163; síðan fór hann suðr til Englands ok var þar í skóla, ok nam þar svá mikit nám, at trautt vóru dæmi til at nokkurr maðr hefði jafnmikit nám numit né þvílikt á jafnlangri stundu, 127; þótt hann hefði eigi mikit nám á barnsaldri, 90; nám þetta gengr fram svá greitt, Fms. xi. 427.

COMPDS: námsaldr, námsmaðr, námfúss, námfýsi.

námi

No entry

Cleasby-Vigfusson

a, m., or náma, u, f. a mine; gull-námi, silfr-námi, a gold mine, silver mine; also kola-námi, a coal-pit.

náms-aldr

No entry

Cleasby-Vigfusson

m. the time of learning, boyhood, 623. 52.

náms-maðr

No entry

Cleasby-Vigfusson

m. a scholar.

námu-liga

No entry

Cleasby-Vigfusson

adv. peremptorily, N. G. L. i. 459.

nám-fúss

No entry

Cleasby-Vigfusson

adj. = námgjarn.

nám-fýsi

No entry

Cleasby-Vigfusson

f. = námgirni.

nám-girni
Zoëga

f. eagerness to learn.

Cleasby-Vigfusson

f. eagerness to learn, Hom. (St.)

nám-gjarn
Zoëga

a. eager to learn.

Cleasby-Vigfusson

adj. eager to learn, Bs. i. 90, Eb. 44, Eg. 685, Ó. H. (pref.)

nánd
Zoëga

f. neighborhood, nearness, proximity; koma í ~ (or í ~ir) e-u, to come near to.

Cleasby-Vigfusson

f. (ńnd, N. G. L. i. 418, Ver. 9), neighbourhood, nearness, proximity; ok er ekki annarra manna í ńnd, present, N. G. L. l. c.; koma í nánd e-m, to come near one, Fms. i. 9, Fs. 35; alla þá menn er honum vóru í nánd, Eg. 42; betr þætta mér at ek kæma hvergi í nánd, to have nothing to do with it: the phrase, hvergi nándar-nærri, far from it!

nángi

No entry

Cleasby-Vigfusson

a, m. = náungi, Barl. 44, 52, 142, Hom. 62, N. G. L. i. 87.

nánigr

No entry

Cleasby-Vigfusson

adj. = náinn; með þeima konum svá nángum, N. G. L. ii. 322.

nánn

No entry

Cleasby-Vigfusson

adj. = náin; nán frændsemi, N. G. L. i. 91.

NÁR
Zoëga

(gen. nás, pl. náir, acc. nái, dat. nám), m. corpse, deat man; fölr sem ~, pale as death; nýtr manngi nás, a corpse is good for nought; bjarga nám, to lend the last service to the dead; verða at ná, verða nár, to become a corpse.

Cleasby-Vigfusson

m., gen. nás, dat. ná and nái: pl. náir, acc. nái, dat. nám; [Ulf. naws = νεκρός and τεθνηκώς, Luke vii. 12, and nawis = νεκρός, Rom. vii. 8]:—a corpse, as also a deceased person; nýtr manngi nás, a dead man is good for nothing, a saying, Hm. 71; slítr nái neffölr, Vsp. 50; nái fram-gengna, 45; nái stirða, Fms. i. 179 (in a verse); nár varð þá Atli, Am. 102; hví ertú fölr um nasar, vartú í nótt með ná? Alm. 2; bjarga nám (ná-bjargir), to lend the last service to the dead, Sdm. 33: verða at nám, to be a corpse, die, Hkv. 2. 26; hve ýta synir verða nauðgir at nám, Sól. 33; ok sat nár á nái, Gsp. (in a riddle); göra at nái, to make one a dead man. Fms. x. 425 (in a verse); nái nauðfölva, Akv. 16; beiða griða nás nið eðr nefa, the kinsman of the slain, Grág. ii. 20; ef menn setja mann í útsker sá maðr heitir sæ-nár, ef maðr er settr í gröf ok heitir sá graf-nár, ef maðr er færðr í fjall eðr á hella sá heitir fjall-nár, ef maðr er hengdr ok heitir sá gálg-nár, Grág. ii. 131; þeir menn eru fjórir er kallaðir eru náir þótt lifi … heitir gálg-nár ok graf-nár ok sker-nár ok fjall-nár, 185; cp. virgil-nár (= gálgnár), Hm. 158; fölr sem nár, Nj. …

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nári
Zoëga

m. the groin.

Cleasby-Vigfusson

a, m. a feeder, nourisher, poët., in aldr-nári.

NÁRI
Zoëga

m. the groin.

Cleasby-Vigfusson

a, m. the groin, Nj. 114, Gullþ. 21, Sturl. ii. 41, Skíða R. 144, Eb. 44, Fas. iii. 231, 391, passim.

nárungr

No entry

Cleasby-Vigfusson

m. [for. word; Germ. nähren], a nourisher (?), Edda ii. 497: in fólk-nárungr, answering to Hom. ποιμην λαων, as also in other poët. compds, Lex. Poët.

NÁTT
Zoëga

(gen. -ar, nætr, pl. nætr), f. night, see nótt.

Cleasby-Vigfusson

f. the night, and náttar-, see nótt.

nátta
Zoëga

(að), v.

1) to pass the night;

2) to become night, grow dark (tók þá at ~);

3) impers., ~r e-n, one is benighted.

Cleasby-Vigfusson

að, to pass the night: subj. nætti, þat er mitt ráð að vér nættim þar, Fms. iii. 74.

II. to become night, grow dark; tók þá at nátta, Hkr. ii. 373; ok er náttaði, Ó. H. 224; til þess er náttar, Ísl. ii. 157; tekr at rökkva ok nátta, Sks. 219.

III. impers. one is benighted; þótt þik nátti, Fas. i. 171, Mar.; hann var þar náttaðr, Str. 45.

náttmála-skeið
Zoëga

n. the time of náttmál.

Cleasby-Vigfusson

n. the hour of night-meal, Sturl. iii. 71.

náttmála-varða
Zoëga

f. a pyramid (cairn) intended to show the time of náttmál.

Cleasby-Vigfusson

u, f. a pyramid or column on the horizon, intended to shew the hour of n. by the sun’s position relatively to it, Þórð. 58.

náttúra
Zoëga

f.

1) nature (eptir boði náttúrunnar);

2) (supernatural) virtue, power (fylgði þessu ~ mikil);

3) pl., spirits, powers.

Cleasby-Vigfusson

u, f. [from Lat. natura], nature; eptir boði náttúrunnar, Fms. i. 104; sjálf náttúran, Stj. 177; náttúran sjálf en fyrsta móðir vár, Mar.

II. (supernatural) virtue, power, 544. 39; svá hefir hann mikla náttúru með sér, Nj. 44; fylgði þessu n. mikil, Fms. xi. 128; ef þú lætr þessar náttúrur fylgja, Fas. ii. 529.

III. natural quality; náttúra jarðar, Edda (pref.); er kunni náttúru allra strengleikja, Str. 67:—nature, disposition, bera náttúru á e-t, Bárð. 167; hafa náttúru til e-s, to have inclination towards, passim:—potency, náttúru-laus, impotent.

IV. in plur. spirits, powers; margar þær náttúrur hafa nú til sótt er áðr vildu við oss skiljask, ok enga hlýðni oss veita, Þorf. Karl. 378.

COMPDS: náttúrubragð, náttúrugjöf, náttúrugripr, náttúrugrös, náttúrulauss, náttúrulög, náttúrusteinn, náttúruvani.

náttúraðr
Zoëga

pp. having a certain nature or virtue.

Cleasby-Vigfusson

part. having such and such virtue, Stj. 84, Bs. ii. 55: given, inclined to, n. fyrir e-ð, mod.

náttúrliga
Zoëga

adv. according to nature, properly.

Cleasby-Vigfusson

adv. according to nature, properly, Bs. i. 221, Fms. i. 102, Mirm. ch. 14, Skálda 176:—of course, (mod.): (? from Germ. naturlich.)

náttúrligr
Zoëga

a. proper, natural.

Cleasby-Vigfusson

adj. proper, natural; n. dagr, the natural day, Stj., Rb. 476: natural, carnal, H. E. i. 523.

náttúru-bragð

No entry

Cleasby-Vigfusson

n., Lat. indoles, natural character, Mag.

náttúru-gjöf

No entry

Cleasby-Vigfusson

f. a natural gift, Stj. 70, 254, Edda (pref.)

náttúru-gripr

No entry

Cleasby-Vigfusson

m. an object possessed of virtue, Bs. ii. 139.

náttúru-grös

No entry

Cleasby-Vigfusson

n. pl. herbs possessing virtue.

náttúru-lauss

No entry

Cleasby-Vigfusson

adj. without virtue, Konr. 20: impotent.

náttúru-lög

No entry

Cleasby-Vigfusson

n. pl. the law of nature. Mar.

náttúru-steinn

No entry

Cleasby-Vigfusson

m. a stone possessing virtue, Pr. 423, Karl. 119, 178.

náttúru-vani

No entry

Cleasby-Vigfusson

a, m. habits, Stj.

náttverðar-eldi
Zoëga

n. entertainment for supper.

Cleasby-Vigfusson

n.; ala e-n náttverðareldi, to give supper to a stranger, Grág. i. 454.

náttverðar-mál
Zoëga

n. supper-time.

Cleasby-Vigfusson

n. supper-time, Sturl. i. 147, (spelt ńtturðar-mál, Greg. 74.)

nátt-björg

No entry

Cleasby-Vigfusson

f. a night’s lodging, Grág. i. 299.

nátt-blindr

No entry

Cleasby-Vigfusson

adj. blind in the dark.

nátt-ból
Zoëga

n. night-quarters.

Cleasby-Vigfusson

n. nigbt-quarters, Edda 29, Fms. i. 11, vi. 135, Eg. 719. náttból-staðr, m. id., Fb. ii. 380.

nátt-drykkja
Zoëga

f. night-bout.

Cleasby-Vigfusson

u, f. a night-bout, Hom. 144, Barl. 137.

nátt-dögg

No entry

Cleasby-Vigfusson

f. night-dew, Gtsp.

nátt-fall

No entry

Cleasby-Vigfusson

n. ‘night-fall,’ dew.

nátt-farar
Zoëga

f. pl. night-wanderings.

Cleasby-Vigfusson

f. pl. night-wanderings, Sturl. i. 147, Fms. vii. 126.

nátt-fari

No entry

Cleasby-Vigfusson

a, m. a night-traveller; fara dagfari ok náttfari, to travel day and night, Fms. i. 203, ix. 513, v. l.

nátt-fasta
Zoëga

f. night-fast.

Cleasby-Vigfusson

u, f. a night-fast, K. Þ. K. 108, 122, Hom. 73.

nátt-fugl

No entry

Cleasby-Vigfusson

m. a night-bird, Lat. noctua, Stj. 16.

nátt-förull

No entry

Cleasby-Vigfusson

adj. strolling in the night (all-n.)

nátt-geta

No entry

Cleasby-Vigfusson

u, f. = náttgisting, D. N.

nátt-gisting
Zoëga

f. night-quarters.

Cleasby-Vigfusson

f. = nætrgisting, night-quarters, Bs. ii. 32, Þiðr. 230.

nátt-hrafn

No entry

Cleasby-Vigfusson

m. a night-raven, night-jar, Stj. 86.

nátt-langt
Zoëga

adv. for the night (hvílast, sofa ~).

Cleasby-Vigfusson

n. adj. for a night, Eg. 417, Edda 33, Ld. 196, Fms. viii. 91.

nátt-laukr

No entry

Cleasby-Vigfusson

m. a kind of leek, Pr. 471.

nátt-leikr
Zoëga

m. night-games.

Cleasby-Vigfusson

m. night-games (attracting evil spirits), Fs. 143 (174), cp. Ísl. Þjóðs. ii. 7, 8 (Dansinn í Hruna).

nátt-lengis
Zoëga

adv. = náttlangt.

Cleasby-Vigfusson

adv. = náttlangt, Grág. ii. 137.

nátt-ligr
Zoëga

a. nocturnal, nightly.

Cleasby-Vigfusson

adj. nightly, nocturnal, Sks. 42.

nátt-mál
Zoëga

n. ‘night-meal’, about nine o’clock p. m..

Cleasby-Vigfusson

n. ‘night-meal,’ taken as a point of time, about nine o’clock P. M., answering to dagmál (q. v.) in the morning; ok er komit var at náttmáli, Fms. viii. 89; nónhelgan dag til náttmáls, Grág. i. 143; þeir koma þar fyrir náttmál, Nj. 197, v. l. (matmál Ed. less good); kom þar eldr í bæinn um náttmál, Bs. i. 78: in mod. usage only in plur., líðandi náttmál, jöfnu-báðu miðaptans og náttmála (= half-past seven o’clock P. M.)

COMPDS: náttmálaskeið, náttmálavarða.

nátt-messa
Zoëga

f. night-mass.

Cleasby-Vigfusson

u, f. a night-service, K. Þ. K. 70, Hom. 41.

nátt-myrkr
Zoëga

n. darkness of night.

Cleasby-Vigfusson

n. the darkness of night, Orkn. 110, Hkr. i. 299, Sturl. ii. 231, Fms. ii. 185.

nátt-serkr
Zoëga

m. night-shirt.

Cleasby-Vigfusson

m. a night-shirt, Fms. vii. 271, Sturl. iii. 189.

nátt-seta
Zoëga

f. late hours.

Cleasby-Vigfusson

u, f. ‘night-sitting,’ late hours, Fms. vii. 126, xi. 425.

nátt-setja
Zoëga

v. to place for the night before burial.

Cleasby-Vigfusson

t, to keep lyke-wake, watch a corpse by night (referring to the old lyke-wake), Fms. vii. 251, ix. 480, Fær. 198, Hkr. ii. 228.

nátt-setr

No entry

Cleasby-Vigfusson

n. the keeping a lyke-wake, of a priest; sitja þar at náttsetri, syngja yfir líki ok fylgja því til grafar um morguninn, N. G. L. i. 390.

nátt-sól
Zoëga

f. nidnight sun.

Cleasby-Vigfusson

f. the midnight sun, MS. 732. 5, 6, Rb. 454, 472, Róm. 206: as a nickname, Nj. 89.

nátt-staðr
Zoëga

m. night-quarters.

Cleasby-Vigfusson

m. night-quarters, Edda 28, 48, 72, Eg. 299, Grág. i. 153. náttstaðar-vitni, n. a witness about n., Js. 41.

nátt-stefna
Zoëga

f. night-meeting.

Cleasby-Vigfusson

u, f. a night-meeting, Fms. ix. 254.

nátt-sæta
Zoëga

(-tta, -ttr), v. = náttsetja.

Cleasby-Vigfusson

t, = náttsetja; náttsæta lík, Dropl. 26, Ó. H. 139.

nátt-sæting

No entry

Cleasby-Vigfusson

f. = náttsetr, N. G. L. i. 347: nátt-sæti, id., v. l.

nátt-söngr
Zoëga

m. night-service in a church.

Cleasby-Vigfusson

m. a night-service in church, Bs. i. 172, Fms. vi. 303, Sturl. i. 25, MS. 655 xi. 4.

nátt-ugla

No entry

Cleasby-Vigfusson

u, f. a night-owl.

nátt-urðr
Zoëga

(gen. -ar), m. = náttverðr.

Cleasby-Vigfusson

and nátt-verðr, m., nótturðr, Greg. 28, 74; [Swed. nattvärd; Dan. nadver]:—a ‘night-meal,’ supper; fara til náttverðar, Fms. i. 209 (as also Hkr. and Fb. l. c.); fyrir náttverð ok eptir, Fms. x. 331; gefa náttverð, K. Þ. K. 108; ala prest at dagverði ok náttverði, 50; búa til nátturðar, Edda 29; settisk Þórr til náttverðar ok þeir lagsmenn, 28; af því er samkunda Guðs köllut ńtturðr heldr en dögurðr, Greg. 28; er eigi sá beini beztr, at yðr sé borð sett ok gefinn náttverðr, ok síðan fari þér at sofa, Eg. 548; suppers are also meant by the meals in the poem Rm.; náttverðar dvöl, stopping for supper, Hkr. ii. 373.

COMPDS: náttverðareldi, náttverðarmál, nótturðartíð.

nátt-vaka
Zoëga

f. sitting up at night, night-watch.

Cleasby-Vigfusson

u, f. a night-wake, night-watch, sitting up at night, Hom. 36:—of a lyke-wake, alla þjónustu skal hann veita mót tíund nema náttvöku, N. G. L. i. 347.

nátt-veizla

No entry

Cleasby-Vigfusson

u, f. a night-banquet, Thom.

nátt-víg

No entry

Cleasby-Vigfusson

n. a putting one to death during the night, which was regarded as murder, see the remarks s. v. morð, Eg. 416, Fas. ii. 400.

nátt-þing

No entry

Cleasby-Vigfusson

n. a night-meeting, 625. 165, Orkn. (in a verse); opp. to dagþing, q. v.: meetings during night were not thought proper.

náungi
Zoëga

m. neighbour.

Cleasby-Vigfusson

a, m. a neighbour; ef maðr kennir náunga sinn þann er upp er grafinn, N. G. L. i. 345.

2. in an eccl. sense as rendering of the Gr. ὁ πλησίον, elska skalt þú náunga þinn svo sem sjálfan þig, Matth. xix. 19, Luke x. 27; hver er þá minn náungi? 29, 36, N. T., Pass., Vídal. passim.

II. ironic., as a fisherman’s term, the barrel containing their drink is called náungi; í þrautunum það er plagsiðr náungann að núa í krít, Snót.

náungr
Zoëga

m. neighbour.

Cleasby-Vigfusson

m., older form = náungi, also contr. and with umlaut caused by the following u, nóngr, acc. ńng, Greg. 21; náungr annarr, Akv. 9; þá talaði hverr við sinn náung, Stj. 66; Guðs ást ok náungs, 677. 3; skunda at hjálpa náungi þínum í hans þurft, Stj.

NÁ-
Zoëga

(nái, náða, nát), v.

1) to get hold of, reach, overtake, with dat. (Ingimundr hleypr nú í skóginn ok náðu þeir honum ekki); ná til e-s, to reach one (með sverðinu);

2) to get, obtain (er hann náði konungs fundi); vér höfum eigi nát lögum, we have not had a lawful trial;

3) with infin., to be able, be allowed (náði engi maðr at bera konungsnafn, nema hann einn); heilindi sitt ef maðr hafa náir, if a man may enjoy his good health;

4) impers., kennimenn þeir er á þvísa landi næði, those clergymen who were to be got in this country;

5) refl., nást, to be caught; ef þat náist eigi, if that cannot be attained; recipr., to reach one another; þar var mýrlent ok máttu þeir eigi nást til, they could not come to close quarters.

Cleasby-Vigfusson

adv. [Ulf. newa = ἐγγύς; A. S. neah; Engl. nigh; Germ. nahe]:—only used in COMPDS, denoting nigh, near: ná-borinn, part. near akin, born, Sks. 274, Hðm. 10, Skv. 3. 11. ná-búð, f. dwelling near to, Þórð. 69, Sturl. i. 88. ná-búi, a, m. a neighbour, Grág. ii. 343, Eg. 60, 108, Ld. 26, Nj. 11, Eb. 24. ná-býli, n. a neighbouring farm. ná-frændi, a, m. a near kinsman, Eg. 252, Ld. 258, Fms. vii. 268, Fb. i. 437, Bs. i. 133, 620. ná-frændkona, u, f. a near female relative, Bs. i. 288, 620. ná-granna, u, f. a female neighbour, Stj. 260. ná-granni, a, m. a neighbour, Fms. i. 294, Gþl. 107, Barl. 104, MS. 625. 86. ná-grennd, f., and ná-grenni, n. a neighbourhood, Stj. 189, Bárð. 165, Gísl. 92. ná-hendr, adj. a kind of metre, Edda (Ht.) 75. ná-kominn, part. coming near one, touching one nearly; þetta mál er mér nákomit, Sturl. i. 36. ná-kveðinn, part. = náhendr, Edda v. …

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ná-bítr

No entry

Cleasby-Vigfusson

m. the heart-burn, Fél.

ná-bjargir
Zoëga

f. pl. the last service to the dead, closing the nostrils, eyes and mouth (veita e-m ~).

Cleasby-Vigfusson

f. pl. ‘lyke-help,’ see nár; in the phrase, veita e-m nábjargir, to lend one ‘lyke-help,’ i. e. to close the eyes, mouth, and nostrils of a person immediately after death; hví hefir þú eigi veitt honum nábjargir er opnar eru nasirnar, why hast thou not lent him the ‘lyke-help,’ for the nostrils are open? Nj. 154; hann bað hvern varask at ganga framan at honum meðan honum vóru eigi nábjargir veittar, Eb. 70; hann lagði hann niðr í setið ok veitti honum þá nábjargir, Eg. 398, Bret. 32; cp. the Gr. ἰδων δε ὑ Κρίτων ξυνέλαβε το στόμα τε και τους ὀφθαλμούς (but not the nostrils as in the Northern rite), Plato’s Phaedo (sub fine); whereas with the Norsemen the closing the nostrils was indispensable, whence the phrase, lúka nösum, to have the nostrils shut = to die, see nös (nasar).

ná-bleikr

No entry

Cleasby-Vigfusson

adj. pale as death.

ná-bönd
Zoëga

n. pl. the bonds in which a corpse in wrapped.

Cleasby-Vigfusson

n. pl. the cords by which the shroud is bound round the body, Mar.

ná-fölr

No entry

Cleasby-Vigfusson

adj. = nábleikr.

ná-gagl

No entry

Cleasby-Vigfusson

n. a carrion-crow, Eb. (in a verse).

ná-gráðigr

No entry

Cleasby-Vigfusson

adj. corpse-greedy, of a witch, Hkv. Hjörv.

ná-grindr
Zoëga

f. pl. the gates of the dead.

Cleasby-Vigfusson

f. pl. the gates of the dead, mythol.; fyrir nágrindr neðan, Ls. 63, Skm. 35, Fsm. 27,

ná-gríma
Zoëga

f. ‘dead man’s mask’, scalp.

Cleasby-Vigfusson

u, f. a scalp, Fas. iii. 221.

ná-göll
Zoëga

f. death-cry.

Cleasby-Vigfusson

f. a death-cry, a piercing, piteous sound, believed to come from departed spirits, exposed infants, Bárð. 3 new Ed.: in mod. usage called

ná-hljóð

No entry

Cleasby-Vigfusson

n. pl., Bjarni 143, see Maurer’s Volks. 59.

ná-hvalr
Zoëga

m. narwhale.

Cleasby-Vigfusson

m. a narwhale, Edda (Gl.), Sks. 130, K. Þ. K. 138. náhvals-tönn, f. a narwhale’s tusk, Bs. i. 767.

ná-hvítr

No entry

Cleasby-Vigfusson

adj. = nábleikr.

ná-kaldr

No entry

Cleasby-Vigfusson

adj. cold as death.

ná-lús

No entry

Cleasby-Vigfusson

f. a kind of vermin.

ná-lægr
Zoëga

a.

1) near at hand, close by (nálæg héruð);

2) touching nearly.

Cleasby-Vigfusson

adj., ná-mundi, etc., see ná-, nigh.

ná-reið

No entry

Cleasby-Vigfusson

f. a hearse, Fms. x. (in a verse).

ná-reiðr

No entry

Cleasby-Vigfusson

adj. ‘corpse-loaded,’ epithet of a gallows, Yt.

ná-skári

No entry

Cleasby-Vigfusson

a, m. a carrion-crow, Lex. Poët.

ná-strá
Zoëga

n. pl. ‘corpse-straw’; liggja á ~m, to lie dead (on straw).

Cleasby-Vigfusson

n. pl., in the phrase, liggja á nástrám, to lay a corpse on straw, Greg. 56, 57, Hom. 153; hence the phrase, er ek lá stirðr á strám, Sól.; and strá-dauða, ‘straw-dead’ (= dead in his bed), as opp. to vápn-dauðr.

Ná-strönd
Zoëga

f. ‘corse-strand’, abode of the dead.

Cleasby-Vigfusson

f. the strand of the dead, whither the ‘straw-dead’ came after death, as opp. to Val-höll, the hall of the slain, Vsp. 44; Nástrandir, Edda.

ná-valdr

No entry

Cleasby-Vigfusson

m. the ruler of the dead, Sturl. (in a verse).

NE
Zoëga

adv., preceded by a negation, nor (eigi mælta ek þetta fyrir þér né honum); hvárki … né, neither … nor (hefir hvárki heyrt til hans styn né hósta); hvárgi þeirra, Önundar né Þorfinns, er jafnmenni föður míns, neither of the two, O. or Th., is my father’s equal.

Cleasby-Vigfusson

or né, a negative conjunction. The Goth. makes a distinction between ni = A. S. ne, O. H. G. ni; and the compound particle nih, from ni + the suffix uh, O. H. G. noh, Germ. noch, Lat. nec, of which Icel. né is a contr. form; etymologically, therefore, the single particle ought to be written ne and the compound né; but this distinction is not made. The particle ne is not found out of composition except in ancient poetry; it is found as a prefix in the compounds neinn, nekkverr, nema (q. v.), qs. ne-einn, ne-hverr, ne-ifa.

A. The single particle, not:

1. with a verb, sól þat né vissi, máni þat né vissi, stjörnur þat né vissu, Vsp. 5; óð þau né höfðu, 18; löst né vissi, Skv. 3. 5; né fá, Hm. 92; finna né máttu, 46; ek né kunna, 11; né þat máttu, Hým. 4; né sváfu, Þd. 6:—with subj., út þú né komir, Vþm. 7:—ef né, if not, unless, were it not that …; ef þú geldr né værir, Hkv. Hjörv. 20; ef þú sverðs né nytir, Fm. 29:—with a double negation, svá at mér mann-gi mat né bauð, Gm. 2; aptr né komið, 20; ef föður né áttað, Fm. 3; hví né lezkaðu, Ls. 47; né máttuð, Kormak; …

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neðan
Zoëga

adv.

1) from below from beneath (veittu þeir atróðr ~ eptir ánni);

2) without motion, beneath, underneath (skipit var meitt ~); fyrir ~ (with acc.), below, beneath (kemr lagit í fót fyrir ~ kné).

Cleasby-Vigfusson

adv. [Engl. be-neath], from beneath, from below, Vsp. 65, Gm. 35, Vkv. 35, Nj. 247, Edda 58, Fms. vi. 149, passim: denoting motion, neðan ór eyjum, Nj. 107; neðan um sáðlandið, 82; neðan frá sjó, neðan úr dal, neðan af eyrum, neðan eptir ánni, Ó. H. 20: without motion, vökna neðan, Fms. ii. 278; skipit var meitt neðan, Sturl. iii. 68:—fyrir neðan, beneath, below, with acc., Vsp. 2, 35, Skm. 35, Alm. 3, Fms. i. 10, Ld. 148, Eg. 596, Nj. 84, 145, 214, Gísl. 23: neðan undir, underneath, Fb. ii. 357:—with gen., neðan jarðar, beneath the earth; neðan sjóar, beneath the sea.

neðan-verðr
Zoëga

a. lower, undermost; kom annat lagit í bringuna, en annat í neðanverða brynjuna, in the lower part of the coat of mail.

Cleasby-Vigfusson

adj. the ‘netherward,’ nether, lower, undermost, opp. to ofanverðr, Stj. 98, 517; rifnaði tjaldit ór ofanverðu í neðanvert, from top to bottom, Hom. (St.); í neðanverðum dal, Þórð. 58; bjúgr at neðanverðu, Konr. passim.

neðarla
Zoëga

adv. low down, far below (n. í jörðu).

Cleasby-Vigfusson

adv.—neðarliga, Nj. 82, Greg. 23, Þiðr. 114.

neðarr
Zoëga

adv. compar. lower, farther down (nökkuru ~).

Cleasby-Vigfusson

compar. lower, farther down, superl. neðast and neðst, nethermost, lowest down (and so in mod. usage), adv. answering to niðr, q. v.:—nökkuru neðarr, Fms. i. 215; neðarr en hón hafði ætlað, Gísl. 72; svá sem þeir máttu neðast, Fms. iv. 50; neðst ský ok vindar … neðast jörð, v. 340, passim.

neðar-liga
Zoëga

adv. low down, far below (n. í jörðu).

Cleasby-Vigfusson

adv. ‘netherly,’ low down, far below, Th. 25, Stj. 11.

NEÐRI
Zoëga

a. compar. lower, nether (á neðra stræti); it neðra, underneath (var ljóst it efra, en dimt it neðra).

Cleasby-Vigfusson

adj., compar. neðarri, Stj. 76, nether, lower, Lat. inferior; superl. neðstr or neztr, nethermost, lowest, undermost; á neðra stræti, Fms. ix. 24; í Tungu inni neðri, Fs.; inn neðra hlut, Eg. 101; Galilea in efri ok in neðarri (neðri, v. l.), Stj. 76; in neðri leið, in the nether world, O. T. 45; neðri bygðir, the nether world, i. e. hell: the neut. it neðra, adv. underneath; var ljóst it efra en dimmt it neðra, Vígl. 40: the nether part, fagrrauðr it neðra, Fas. i. 172; sumir brjóta borgar-vegginn it neðra, Al. 11; Þórr ferr it neðra, Edda; hann samnaði mönnum hit neðra um Mýrar, Ísl. ii. 168; hinn nezti hlutr trésins, Hkr. i. 71; í enu nezta helvíti, Fms. ii. 137; neztu smugur helvítis, Skálda 605.

NEF
Zoëga

(gen. pl. nefja), n.

1) the bone of the nose, nasal bone, opp. to ‘nasir’ (hann rak hnefana á nasir mér ok braut í mér nefit);

2) the nose (náit er ~ augum);

3) beak, bill (of a bird);

4) head, person; um alla Sváþjóð guldu menn Óðni skatt, penning fyrir ~ hvert, a penny per head.

Cleasby-Vigfusson

n., gen. pl. nefja, dat. nefjum; [A. S. nebbe; Engl. neb]:—the nose, prop. the beak, bone of the nose, opp. to nasar (nös, q. v.), Grág. ii. 11; liðr á nefi, Ld. 272; þeir hafa hvárki nef né nasar, ‘neb nor nose,’ i. e. neither lower part nor cartilage, Stj. 79; hann rak hnefann á nasir mér ok braut í mér nefit, Fas. iii. 392; kom á nasir þeim ok brotnaði í honum nefit, Fms. iii. 186; gnúa nefit, Orkn. 394, passim: also in the phrases, stinga nefi í feld, to hide the nose (face) in one’s cloak, from dismay, Fms. x. 401; cp. stinga nösum í felda, Sighvat; stinga saman nefjum, to put noses together = lay heads together, i. e. discuss closely, ironic., Grett. (in a verse); kveða, tala í nef, to talk through the nose, Skálda 162; taka í nefið, to snuff up; sjúga upp í nefit, to suck up through the nose; of nær nefi kvað karl …, too near the nose, quoth the carle, when he was hit in the eye, Fms. vii. 288; náit er nef augum, the neb is near akin to the eye, Nj., cp. Fms. iii. 188; draga bust ór nefi einum, see burst.

2. as a law term in regard to tax, dues, poll (cp. …

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nefgildis-frændbót

No entry

Cleasby-Vigfusson

f. compensation of nefgildi, N. G. L. i. 187.

nefgildis-maðr
Zoëga

m. a cognate relative, recipient of nefgildi.

Cleasby-Vigfusson

m. a cognate relative, recipient of n., opp. to bauggildis-maðr, Grág. ii. 181, N. G. L. i. 22.

NEFI

No entry

Cleasby-Vigfusson

a, m. [A. S. nefa; O. H. G. nefo; Germ. neffe; cp. Lat. nepos; Fr. neveu; Engl. nephew]:—a law term, a cognate kinsman; nefi jarla, an earl’s nephew, Sighvat, Edda (Gl.); nið eðr nefa, Grág. i. 137; nefi Knúts, Canute’s sister’s son, Fms. vi. (in a verse).

II. the name of a dwarf, Edda (Gl.): the name of a sword, id.

nefja

No entry

Cleasby-Vigfusson

u, f. a nickname, Fb. iii.

nefjaðr

No entry

Cleasby-Vigfusson

adj. nebbed, beaked: in compds, bjúg-n., of an eagle.

nefna
Zoëga

I)

(-da, -dr), v.

1) to name (nefndu þinn föðr); ~ sik, to name one’s name; ~ e-n á nafn, to name by name; Oddr er maðr nefndr, there is a man mentioned, of the name of Odd;

2) to mention by name, point out (nefni ek til þess Björn ok Helga);

3) to name, appoint, order (nefndi konungr nökkura menn at ganga upp á eyna);

4) a law term, to call (n. menn í dóm); to summon, cite (allir aðrir, þeir sem þannig vóru nefndir); to levy (n. lið ór heruðum);

5) refl., ~st, to give one’s name as, call oneself (hann nefndist Hrappr).

II)

f. naming, nomination (cf. dóm~).

Cleasby-Vigfusson

u, f. nomination, Sturl. ii. 27; dóm-n., vátt-n., alþingis-n.

NEFNA
Zoëga

I)

(-da, -dr), v.

1) to name (nefndu þinn föðr); ~ sik, to name one’s name; ~ e-n á nafn, to name by name; Oddr er maðr nefndr, there is a man mentioned, of the name of Odd;

2) to mention by name, point out (nefni ek til þess Björn ok Helga);

3) to name, appoint, order (nefndi konungr nökkura menn at ganga upp á eyna);

4) a law term, to call (n. menn í dóm); to summon, cite (allir aðrir, þeir sem þannig vóru nefndir); to levy (n. lið ór heruðum);

5) refl., ~st, to give one’s name as, call oneself (hann nefndist Hrappr).

II)

f. naming, nomination (cf. dóm~).

Cleasby-Vigfusson

and nemna, d, [nafn; Goth. namnjan; Germ.; nennen], to name; kona Manue fæðir son ok nefnir Samson, Stj. 410; nefndú þinn föður! Hkv. Hjörv. 16; veit ek þann mann er þora man, … nefndú hann ! Nj. 89; á bréfi þessu vóru nefndir (specially named) hinir stærstu höfðingjar, Fagrsk. 91; maðr er nefndr Mörðr, Nj. 2; nefna sik, to name one’s name, 6; Hallfreðr nefndi sik, Fms. ii. 86: n. e-n á nafn, to name by name; hann kallaði á menn mína ok nefndi á nafn, Nj. 211; nefna barn á nafn (in christening), N. G. L. i. 339: in a narrative, maðr er nefndr Mörðr, a man was named M., i. e. there was a man named Mord, Nj. 1; ‘maðr er nefndr N.’ is a standing phrase in the Sagas: Oddr er maðr nefndr, ok var Örlygsson, Gísl. 12; tveir menn eru nefndir, Þorkatlar tveir, 8; Bræðr þrír eru nefndir til sögunnar, hét einn … Nj. 22; sá maðr er nefndr til sögunnar er Geirr goði hét, now the story names a man who hight G., Nj, passim, cp. N. M. hét maðr.

2. to mention by name, to name, point out; vóru þessir staðir á nefndir, Bs. i. 731; hann nefndi til þess skipstjórnar-menn, Eg. 33; nefni ek til þess Björn ok Helga, Ld. …

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nefnd
Zoëga

f.

1) a levy or contribution in men and ships (hann vill ~ hafa ór hverju fylki bæði at liði ok skipum);

2) a body of daysmen or arbitrators;

3) name, designation (rare).

Cleasby-Vigfusson

f. [early Swed. nämd], denomination, Stj. 11.

II. as a law term in the Norse (not Icel.) law, nomination, delegation:

1. a fixed amount of levy or contribution in men and ships; hann görði ok nefnd í hverju fylki, hversu mörg skip … skyldi vera ór hverju fylki at mönnum ok vápnum ok vistum fyrir útlenzkum her, Fagrsk. 20; konungr stefndi þing í bænum, hann görði þá bert fyrir allri alþýðu at hann mun leiðangr hafa úti um sumarit fyrir landi, ok hann vill nefnd hafa ór hverju fylki bæði at liði ok skipum, Fms. ii. 245; stefndi hann til lendum mönnum sínum ok hafði nefndir ór landi, x. 94; almenniligar nefndir, N. G. L. i. 446.

2. a body of daysmen or arbitrators to give judgment in a case; in the old Swed. law the nämd was composed of twelve members (see Schlyter), cp. early Dan. nævning; in this strictly legal sense the word hardly occurs in ancient Icel. law, but it bears a close resemblance to old Icel. görð and görðar-menn, esp. as described in Nj. ch. 75, 123, 124, see görð II: in the Sagas the word occurs in one or two instances, kvað þat mundi mál manna, at þeir hefði góða nefnd um sættir, Bjarn. …

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nefndar-dagr
Zoëga

m. fixed day (= nefndr dagr).

Cleasby-Vigfusson

m. a fixed day, N. G. L. i. 142, Orkn. 10.

nefndar-lið
Zoëga

n. levied forces.

Cleasby-Vigfusson

n. levied forces, Fms. viii. 285.

nefndar-maðr
Zoëga

m. a man named for the levy (nefndarmenn af Foldinni).

Cleasby-Vigfusson

m. a man nominated as a member of the lögþing (in the Norse sense), a certain fixed number being sent from each county, Gþl. 8–18, Jb. 11 sqq.: a man named for the levy, 98.

nefndar-stefna

No entry

Cleasby-Vigfusson

u, f. a fixed meeting of delegates; á móti eða nefndarstefnu, N. G. L. i. 308.

nefndar-særi

No entry

Cleasby-Vigfusson

n. an oath taken by a body of delegates, N. G. L. i. 430.

nefndar-vitni

No entry

Cleasby-Vigfusson

n. the witness given by a body of named men; skolu tólf frjálsir ok fulltíða menn af honum bera ok eigi nefndar vitni, Gþl. 156 (Js. 34); er hann þjófr nema hann syni með séttar-eiði ok nefndar vitnum, at eigi stal hann, Gþl. 538.

nefndar-vætti

No entry

Cleasby-Vigfusson

n. testimony given by a body of named men, Js. 34.

nefning
Zoëga

(pl. -ar), f. nomination, levy.

Cleasby-Vigfusson

f. a naming, nomination, N. G. L. i. 199: a law term, levying, (nefnd) frjálsir af leiðangrs-görðum ok nefningum, H. E. i. 420; í engum nefningum ok leiðangrs-ferðum skulu þeir vera, D. N. i. 80; vóru minnstar nefningar um Hálogaland, Fms. x. 74, v. l.; almenniligar nefningar, N. G. L. i. 446, v. l.

nefni-liga
Zoëga

adv. by name, expressly.

Cleasby-Vigfusson

adv. by name, expressly, Bs. i. 763: namely, mod.

nefni-ligr

No entry

Cleasby-Vigfusson

adj.; nefnilegt fall, nominative, Skálda.

nefr

No entry

Cleasby-Vigfusson

adj. nosed; in the nicknames Há-nefr, mjó-nefr, etc.

nefsa

No entry

Cleasby-Vigfusson

t, to chastise, punish, (obsolete.)

NEFST

No entry

Cleasby-Vigfusson

f. (nepst), [Swed. näfst], a penalty, chastisement; undir Heilagrar kirkju nefst ok refsing, Munk. 72, D. N. v. 785: en er verra, þat er vita þykkjumk, niðja stríð um nept, my mind bodes me still worse things, a sore retribution to thy sons (a bitter fratricidal strife), Skv. 2. 8, for this must be the true sense of this contested passage; nept for nepst may be right by analogy of heipt and heipst; the word is altogether obsolete in Iceland, but is still in use in Sweden.

nef-björg
Zoëga

f. visor.

Cleasby-Vigfusson

f. a nose-shield, part of a visor, Fms. i. 178, Orkn. 148.

nef-dreyri
Zoëga

m. bleeding at the nose.

Cleasby-Vigfusson

a, m. a bleeding at the nose, Sturl. ii. 66, Pr. 474.

nef-fölr
Zoëga

a. pale-nebbed.

Cleasby-Vigfusson

adj. pale-nebbed, Vsp., Akv.

nef-gildi
Zoëga

n.

1) ‘nose-tax’, poll-tax (payable to the king);

2) a weregild, payable to the cognates of a person, opp. to bauggildi.

Cleasby-Vigfusson

n. [nef], a ‘nose-tax,’ poll-tax, payable to the king; en sú var orðsending konungs, at hann beiddi þess Íslendinga, at þeir skyldi við þeim lögum taka sem hann hafði sett í Noregi, en veita honum af landinu þegngildi ok nefgildi, penning fyrir hvert nef, þann er tíu væri fyrir alin vaðmáls, Ó. H. 141; nefgildis-skatta þá er Haraldr faðir hans hafði lagt á allt landit lét hann taka hit ytra með sjó ok um Þrænda-lög, ok leggja til skipa-görðar, Fagrsk. 20. This ancient ‘nose-tax’ was also imposed by the Norsemen on conquered countries, and the name gave rise to strange legends; thus, king Thorgisl, the Norse conqueror of Ireland (A. D. 830–845), is, by an Irish chronicler, said to have levied a tax of an ounce on each hearth, the penalty for defaulters being the loss of their nose. Prof. Munch, Norg. Hist. i. 440, has traced the origin of this legend to the simple fact that the king imposed a ‘nose-tax’ or poll-tax on the conquered Irish, just as Harold Fairhair afterwards did in Norway.

B. [nefi], a weregild payable to the cognates of a person, opp. to bauggildi = the agnate weregild; þat heitir nefgildi er þeir menn taka er kvennsift eru komnir, Grág. …

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nef-gildingr

No entry

Cleasby-Vigfusson

m. = nefgildismaðr, Grág. ii. 178.

nef-gjöld
Zoëga

n. pl. weregild, = nefgildi 2.

Cleasby-Vigfusson

n. = nefgildi (II), Hkv. 1. 12.

nef-glita

No entry

Cleasby-Vigfusson

u, f. a nickname, glitter-nose, Sd. 145.

nef-langr
Zoëga

a. long-nosed.

Cleasby-Vigfusson

adj. long-nebbed, Sturl. ii. 133 C.

nef-lauss
Zoëga

a. noseless.

Cleasby-Vigfusson

adj. noseless, without a nose, Rb. 348.

adj. [nefi], ‘kinless,’ orphaned, desolate; sagt er frá hve neflauss narir, Mkv.

nef-lítill
Zoëga

a. small-nosed.

Cleasby-Vigfusson

adj. small-nosed, Sd. 147.

nef-ljótr
Zoëga

a. with an ugly nose.

Cleasby-Vigfusson

adj. with an ugly nose, Fms. ii. 7, xi. 78.

nef-mikill
Zoëga

a. big-nosed.

Cleasby-Vigfusson

adj. big-nosed, Eb. 30, Orkn. 66.

nef-mæltr

No entry

Cleasby-Vigfusson

adj. speaking through the nose.

nef-reiða

No entry

Cleasby-Vigfusson

u, f. a kind of personal fee, D. N. v. 660.

nef-sneiðingr

No entry

Cleasby-Vigfusson

m. zig-zag; fara nefsneiðing.

nef-steði
Zoëga

m. nebbed stithy, sharp-pointed anvil.

Cleasby-Vigfusson

a, m. a nebbed stithy, Fb. i. 190.

nef-steinn

No entry

Cleasby-Vigfusson

m. a jutting rock, D. N. i. 81.

negg
Zoëga

n. heart (hjarta heitir ~).

Cleasby-Vigfusson

n. [it is prop. identical with Dan. neg = a sheaf of corn, which word is not otherwise found in the Norse or Icel.]:—poët. the heart, Edda (Gl.); also written hnegg, in hnegg-veröld, the heart’s abode, breast, Lex. Poët.

negla
Zoëga

(-da, -dr), v. to nail, fasten or stud with nails (A. negldi saman útihurð sína); negldar brynjur, studded mail-coats.

Cleasby-Vigfusson

u, f. the bung to close a hole in the bottom of a boat which lets out the bilge-water.

NEGLA
Zoëga

(-da, -dr), v. to nail, fasten or stud with nails (A. negldi saman útihurð sína); negldar brynjur, studded mail-coats.

Cleasby-Vigfusson

d, [nagli], to nail, N. G. L. i. 111, Fbr. 133, Hom. 103, Fms. v. 224, Sks. 707, Eb. 182, Sól. 65, Fb. i. 515, passim: to stud, negldar brynjur, Vkv. 6; ey-negld, hólm-negld, island-studded, holm-studded, an epithet of the sea, Eg. (in a verse), Edda (in a verse).

negling

No entry

Cleasby-Vigfusson

f. a nailing, Str. 4.

neglingr

No entry

Cleasby-Vigfusson

m. a kind of itching, as if pricked with nails, Fél. x.

negull

No entry

Cleasby-Vigfusson

m., and negul-nagli, a, m. [from Germ. nägelein, from the likeness to small nails]:—a clove, spice.

NEI
Zoëga

adv. no; kveða ~ við e-u, to say no to; setja þvert ~ fyrir e-t, to refuse flatly.

Cleasby-Vigfusson

adv. [Ulf. nê; A. S. nâ; Engl. no; Germ. nein; Dan.-Swed. nei]:—no; nei sem nei er, K. Á. 200; nei, kvað Úlfhéðinn, Fs. 78; kveða nei við, to say no, N. G. L. i. 345; þeir kveða þar nei við, Hkr. i. 277; setja nei fyrir, to set a no against it, refuse, Fms. ix. 242; setja þvert nei fyrir, to refuse flatly, ii. 131, Ld. 196; segja nei móti e-u, to gainsay, D. N. ii. 257.

NEINN
Zoëga

pron. indef., = né einn;

1) any, following after a negation (aldrei svá, at honum væri nein raun í); ekki er þetta furða nein, it is no apparition; ekki neins staðar, not anywhere;

2) as subst. any one, anybody; ekki neitt, nothing.

Cleasby-Vigfusson

adj. pron., prop. a compd contr. from né einn = not one, none, but afterwards contr.; it is, however, never used as a pure negative, but only after a negative, as indef. pron.; for the older uncontr. usage see né A. II: [cp. A. S. nân; Engl. none]:—any, Lat. ullus, following after a negation, aldri svá at honum væri nein raun í, never … any danger, Nj. 262; varð eigi af neinni eptir-för, Valla L. 196; ekki er þetta furða nein, it is no apparition, Ísl. ii. 337; þess mundi eigi leita þurfa, at konungr mundi neina sætt göra, 84; Erlingr hafði eigi skaplyndi til at biðja konung hér neinna muna um, Ó. H. 47; aldri svá … at neitt vápn, Fas. i. 281; kom mér aldregi í hug, at sá mundi neinn vera, Art.; ekki neinu sinni, not once, Fb. i. 104; ekki neins staðar, nowhere:—where the negation is indirect or understood, lét hann af at eggja konung á neinar ferðir, Fb. ii. 427, (né einar, Fms. vii. 29, l. c.); skal ek miklu heldr þola dauða en veita þeim neitt mein, Nj. 168; at hann mundi taka úmjúkliga á því, at vægjask í neinum hlut til, Ó. H. 51; fyrr skal hón fúna en neinn taki hana, Lv. 50:—en neinn = en nokkur, than any; fleira íllt gékk yfir Gyðinga-lýð en yfir neina þjóð aðra, Ver. …

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neip

No entry

Cleasby-Vigfusson

f., pl. neipar, the ‘nip,’ the interstice between the fingers; í neipinni; perh. better gneip.

neisa
Zoëga

I)

f. shame, disgrace, = h~.

II)

(-ta, -tr), v. to put to shame (svívirðiliga neistr), = h~.

Cleasby-Vigfusson

t, to put to shame; herfiliga neist ok rangliga raskat, Bs. i. 392; for more references see hneisa.

NEISA
Zoëga

I)

f. shame, disgrace, = h~.

II)

(-ta, -tr), v. to put to shame (svívirðiliga neistr), = h~.

Cleasby-Vigfusson

u, f., mod. hneisa, which form also occurs in old vellums, [Swed. nesa]:—shame, disgrace; this is the true form, as is shewn by the allit. in Hm. 48 and Fm. 11; and also in phrases like, niðra ok neisa; for references see hneisa. neisu-ligr, adj. shameful, degrading.

neisi

No entry

Cleasby-Vigfusson

n. = neisa.

neisinn

No entry

Cleasby-Vigfusson

adj. = neiss; in ú-neisinn.

neiss
Zoëga

a. ashamed, covered with shame (n. er nøkviðr halr).

Cleasby-Vigfusson

adj. [Swed. nes], inglorious, ashamed; neiss er nökkviðr halr, a saying, a naked man is ashamed, Hm. 48, cp. Gen. iii. 10; Norna dóm þú munt fyrr neisum hafa, thou wilt scorn the doom of the Norns, Fm. 11; þeir sendu hann til sömu eyjar nöktan ok neisan, Barl. 62.

neisti

No entry

Cleasby-Vigfusson

a, m. a spark; see gneisti.

NEIT

No entry

Cleasby-Vigfusson

n. pl. flour, efflorescence, a απ. λεγ.; neit Menju góð, the costly flour of Menja, i. e. gold, Skv. 3. 50; the word remains, though with a false aspirate, in common Icel. hneita (q. v.), the white efflorescence on seaweed (söl); akin is the Icel. naut. phrase, það hnitar í báru (in a ditty of Pal Vídal.), the waves are white-tipped (as if sprinkled with flour); the explanation given in Lex. Poët., s. v. neit, is prob. erroneous.

NEITA
Zoëga

(að, or -tta, -tt), v.

1) to deny, refuse, absol. or with dat. (hefi ek þar góðum gripi neitt);

2) to deny, forsake (hann ~ði guðs nafni).

Cleasby-Vigfusson

að, and also neitta, neitti, [Scot. nyte; Dan. nægte], to deny, refuse, absol. or with dat.; konungr neitaði þverliga, Fms. vi. 214; þeir höfðu boðit honum laun, en hann neitti, i. 12; hann neitaði með mikilli þrályndi, x. 306; hinn sem neitar, K. Á. 204; hefi ek þar góðum grip neitt, Fms. vi. 359; er nú vel þú veizt hverju þú neitaðir, 360; neita penningum, xi. 428:—with a double dat., neita e-m e-u, vii. 90: with acc. of the thing, ef nokkurr neitar kirkju-garð, K. Á. 68; hverr sá er neitar mitt nafn, þeim (sic) skal ek neita, Barl. 122.

2. to deny, forsake; hann neitaði Guðs nafni, Fms. x. 324; Petrus hafði þrysvar Kristi neitt, Hom. 81; þeir er neittu Kristi, Gd. 49; neitaði þessum nýja konungi, Al. 9; neita villu, Nikuld. 71; þeir neittuðu (v. l. neittu) þessu, Fms. vii. 54.

II. reflex., þeim mönnum skal heilagr kirkju-garðr neittask, K. Á., H. E. i. 491; þú snerisk til Guðs ok neittaðisk Djöflinum, Hom. 151.

neitan
Zoëga

f. denying, denial.

Cleasby-Vigfusson

f. denying; af-neitan, K. Á. 204, Th. 25.

neitari

No entry

Cleasby-Vigfusson

a, m. a denier, Gd. 50.

neiting
Zoëga

f. denying, denial.

Cleasby-Vigfusson

f. a denial, Hom. 11, Th. 8: gramm. the negative, Skálda 200.

nei-kvæða
Zoëga

(-dda, -ddr), v. to refuse (to do a thing).

Cleasby-Vigfusson

d, to disown, with dat., Str. 16; see nékvæða.

NEKKVERR
Zoëga

pron. any (í nekkhverjum hlut), = nakkvarr, nökkurr.

Cleasby-Vigfusson

indef. pron.; this word is a compound of the negative particle né (q. v.) and the pronoun hverr, qs. nih-hverr, ne-hverr, nekkverr; the double k (in the oldest MSS. often represented by cq) may be due to the final h of the particle, as the compd was formed at a time when the final h had not been absorbed into né: [Dan. nogen; Swed. någon. Mr. Uppström, and since Bugge, derive this word from ne-veit-hverr, instead of Grimm’s ne-hverr, cp. A. S. nâthwæt = ne-wât-hwæt = Icel. nakkvat; this would better account for the double k, but otherwise it has no influence on the inflexive changes of the word.]

A. THE FORMS: this pronoun has undergone great changes. The earliest declension is the same as that of hverr, see Gramm. p. xxi; nekkverr, nekkver, Bs. i. 353, Greg. 13, 26, 33, Grág. ii. 205, 206, 304, Fms. x. 389, 393: gen. nekkvers, nekkverrar, passim: dat. nekkverjum, nekkverju, nekkverri, Greg. 16, 79, Eluc. 27, Bs. i. 352: acc. nekkvern, nekkverja, Grág. i. 41, ii. 251, 270, 313, Fms. x. 381, 390, 391, Greg. 15, Bs. i. 337, 344 (line 14), 352: nom. pl. masc. and fem. nekkverir, nekkverjar, Grág. ii. 205, Bs. …

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nekt

No entry

Cleasby-Vigfusson

f. [nökviðr], nakedness.

NEMA
Zoëga

I)

conj.

1) except, save, but;

þoriga ek segja ~ þér einum, I dare not tell any one save thee alone;

engi … ~, no … but, no (not any) other than (Grani vildi undir øngum manni ganga ~ Sigurði);

2) with subj. unless;

engir þóttu lögligir dómar dœmdir, ~ hann væri við, unless he had a hand in them;

3) save that;

~ ek hálsaða herjans stilli einu sinni, save that I once fell on the king’s neck;

4) veit ek eigi ~, hverr veit ~, I don’t know, (who knows) but that;

may be, perhaps (hverr veit ~ ek verða víða frægr um síðir);

5) því at eins, ~, only in the case, if;

ráðit þér því at eins á þá ~ þér séð allir sem øruggastir, do not attack them unless you are all most steadfast and dauntless;

6) ~ heldr, but rather (eigi má þat menn kalla, ~ heldr hunda);

7) nor, = né, hvárki sverð ~ øxi, neither sword nor axe.

II)

(nem; nam, námum; numinn), v.

1) to take, take in use, take possession of (ef þú nemr þér jörð á Íslandi);

~ land, to take possession of land, as a settler (hann nam Eyjafjörð allan);

~ konu, to carry off, abduct a woman;

~ stað or staðar, stop, halt (hér munum vér stað or staðar ~); …

Cleasby-Vigfusson

1. conj. [compounded of the negative particle ne, and the adverb if or ef (q. v.) in an older dissyllabic form ifa; for the change of f into m see the introduction; cp. Ulf. nibai; A. S. nemne, nimne; O. H. G. nibu, nibi, nubi; Hel. nebu; early Swed. num; cp. Lat. ni-si, see Grimm’s Gramm. iii. 724.]

B. Except, save, but; manngi, nema einn Agnarr, Gm. 2; nema þér einum, Vkv. 24; allra nema einna, 26, Ls. 11; nema við þat lík at lifa, Hm. 96; nema sá einn Áss, Ls. 11; hvar kómu feðr várir þess, … hvar nema alls hvergi? Ísl. ii. 236; öngu nema lífinu, Nj. 7; öllu gózi nema búinu, Fms. ix. 470; engi nema þú einn, Barl. 207; engi nema Bergþórr, Fms. vii. 141; kom viðrinn á kirkju-sand, nema tvau tré kómu á Raufarnes, save that two trees came to R., Landn. 51, v. l.; Ólafr hafði mörg sár ok flest smá, nema tvau vóru nökkvi mest, Fb. i. 501; nema ek hélt, Óg. 23; þeir blandask eyvitar við aðra ísa nema sér einum heldr hann, Sks. 176 B; vætki of sýti’k nema hræðumk helvíti, Hallfred; lét Koðran skíra sik ok hjú hans öll, nema Ormr vildi eigi við trú taka, Bs. i. 5.

II. …

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nenna
Zoëga

(-ta, -t), v. to be minded or inclined, be willing, feel disposed, with dat. or infin. (hann nennti eigi starfi því ok áhyggju); mun ek eigi ~ öðru en fara í móti þeim, I can no longer forbear going against them; Hrafn nennti eigi at starfa, H. did not care to work, was lazy; with subj., ek nenni eigi, at, I cannot bear that (nenni ek eigi, at þat sé mælt, at); ~ e-m, to attend on one, to grant one’s love to one.

Cleasby-Vigfusson

u, f. energy, nennu-lauss, adj. listless, idle, Al. 100.

NENNA
Zoëga

(-ta, -t), v. to be minded or inclined, be willing, feel disposed, with dat. or infin. (hann nennti eigi starfi því ok áhyggju); mun ek eigi ~ öðru en fara í móti þeim, I can no longer forbear going against them; Hrafn nennti eigi at starfa, H. did not care to work, was lazy; with subj., ek nenni eigi, at, I cannot bear that (nenni ek eigi, at þat sé mælt, at); ~ e-m, to attend on one, to grant one’s love to one.

Cleasby-Vigfusson

t, [Ulf. nanþjan = τολμαν; A. S. nêþan; O. H. G. nendian, whence the Germ. pr. name Ferdi-nand = the doughty, striving]:—to strive, with dat. or infin., but only used in peculiar phrases; nenna e-u or n. at göra e-t, to have a heart, mind for a thing; hann nennti eigi starfi því ok áhyggju, Bs. i. 450; sem synir mínir nenni eigi (cannot bear) þessari kyrrsetu lengr, Ld. 262; mun ek eigi n. öðru (I cannot longer forbear to) en fara í móti þeim, Fb. ii. 41; hann kvaðsk eigi lengr nenna at þola háð ok spott, Ísl. ii. 269; ek nennta at vísu at neyta vápna, 366; þeir nenntu eigi at verja sik, Orkn. 78; ólíkr er Gísli at þolinmæði, þvíat þessu mundu engir nenna at ljá nú gripina, þannig sem hann er áðr beiddr, Gísl. 112; eigi nenni ek (I have no mind) at hafa þat saman at veita Högna enda drepa bróður hans, Nj. 145; slíkar eptir-görðir sem hverr nennti (was minded) framast at göra eptir sinn vin eða náung, Fms. viii. 103; ef nokkorir eru þeir er nenna (who wish) at hverfa aptr til bæjarins, 320; nú nenni ek eigi at vér farim svá halloki, Fær. 228; eigi nenni ek því (I cannot forbear) at marka hann eigi, Fms. …

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nenning
Zoëga

f. activity, energy.

Cleasby-Vigfusson

f. activity, energy, Edda 109, Fms. v. 177 (in a verse), Hom. (St.)

COMPDS: nenningarlauss, nenningarleysi.

nenningar-lauss
Zoëga

a. slothful, lazy.

Cleasby-Vigfusson

adj. slothful, Fms. iii. 158, Fbr. 92 new Ed.

nenningar-leysi
Zoëga

n. slothfulness, inactivity.

Cleasby-Vigfusson

n. irksomeness, Grág. i. 301, Róm. 344.

nenninn

No entry

Cleasby-Vigfusson

adj. active, striving, Sighvat, Lex. Poët., and in poët. compds; fjöl-n., marg-n., doing much good work; þrek-n., doughty.

nennir

No entry

Cleasby-Vigfusson

m. [prob. an assimilated form, qs. neknir, see the remarks s. v. nykr]:—the popular name of the nykr (q. v.), Maurer’s Volks.

nepja

No entry

Cleasby-Vigfusson

u, f. [napr], chilliness, bitter cold; en undir birtinguna andar köld nepja frá fljótinu, Od. v. 469.

neppi-liga

No entry

Cleasby-Vigfusson

adv. [Swed. näppeligen], hardly; n. eðr ekki, Stj. 25; þeim vannsk n., the ends did hardly meet, 195.

NEPPR
Zoëga

a.

1) overcome, fainting;

2) deadly (?).

Cleasby-Vigfusson

adj. scant; ganga neppr níu fet, to walk with pain nine paces, Vsp.; fjör-neppr, scant of life, Fbr. (in a verse); nauð görir neppa kosti, Rkv.

NES
Zoëga

(gen. pl. nesja), n. ness, headland (n. mikit gekk í sæ út).

Cleasby-Vigfusson

n., gen. pl. nesja, dat. nesjum, [A. S. næs; Engl. ness; Germ. nase; Lat. nasus = nose; as also nös nasar, = the nostrils, are kindred words]:—a ness projecting into the sea or a lake; undir nesi einu, Nj. 43; nes mikit gékk í sæ út, Eg. 129; nesit þat er fram gékk í sjóinn, Fbr. 89 new Ed.; vatn þat er nes liggr í, Ísl. ii. 345: even of a river (= oddi), Nj. 95, 96; ann-nes or and-nes, q. v.: of a slip of land, búar skulu rétta merki, ok jamna þar nesjum saman, Grág. ii. 262, 263.

II. freq. in local names, Nes, in plur. and sing. Nesjum, and in compds, Álpta-nes, Laugar-nes, Langa-nes, Mjóva-nes, Suðr-nes, Norð-nes, Landn., Fms., and map of Iceland; in Norway, Nesjar, f. pl. (see Gramm. p. xxvii, col. 2), whence Nesja-bardagi, -orusta, the battle of N., fought on Palm Sunday, A. D. 1014; Nesja-vísur, a song on the battle of N., Ó. H.: in Scotland, Kata-nes, and Nes, = Caithness, Orkn. passim; austr á Nesjum, Fms. ix. 421, of the coast of Scotland as seen from the Isle of Man; as also in many Engl. and Scot. local names.

COMPDS: …

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NEST
Zoëga

n. travelling provisions.

Cleasby-Vigfusson

n., mod. nesti, n. [A. S. nest; Dan. niste]:—viands, provisions, Lat. viaticum; hann batt nest þeirra allt í einn bagga ok lagði á bak sér, Edda 29; ok vóru á öðrum vistir þeirra bræðra ok ætlaðar þeim til nests, Ísl. ii. 342; skal hann bera, ef hann vill, nest sitt til skips, N. G. L. i. 143; veg-nest, viaticum, Hm. 11; far-nest, q. v.: allit., með nesti og nýja skó, furnished with ‘nest’ and new shoes. nestis-lauss, adj. without nest.

nesta

No entry

Cleasby-Vigfusson

t; nesta sik, to provide oneself with food.

II. to pin = nista; ok næsti (sic) hann út við borðit, O. H. L. 20.

nest-baggi
Zoëga

m. provision-bag, wallet.

Cleasby-Vigfusson

a, m. a ‘nest’ bag, wallet, Edda 29.

nest-lok
Zoëga

n. pl. ‘the end of the provisions’, only in the phrase, at ~um, at last, finally.

Cleasby-Vigfusson

n. pl. the ‘bottom of the bag;’ in the adverb. phrase, at nestlokum, at last, finally, Bs. i. 417 (at nêst lokum Ed.); en at nestlokum sverði höggvinn, Blas. 51; mon ok Goð láta eldinn ganga yfir heiminn at nestlokonom, Hom. (St.); at nestlokum krossfestr, 656 B. 4; at n. vinnr Már á Þórði, Sturl. i. 10: with gen., at nestlokum málsins, 23, v. l.; at nestlokum æfinnar, Hom. (St.)

Nes-hraun

No entry

Cleasby-Vigfusson

Ness lava, Landn.

nes-höfði
Zoëga

m. headland.

Cleasby-Vigfusson

a, m. a headland, Fms. iii. 44.

nes-konungr
Zoëga

m. ‘ness-king’, petty king.

Cleasby-Vigfusson

m. a ‘ness-king,’ a nickname of the old sea kings, who had no lands, but their ships, for a kingdom, Fms. ix. 255; skjótt man eigi vanta annan tíma neskonunga í Noregi ef því skal fram haldask, N. G. L. iii. 33; þá munu margir verða neskonungar brátt, Fms. ix. 255.

Nes-konungr
Zoëga

m. ‘ness-king’, petty king.

Cleasby-Vigfusson

a pr. name, Baut. 402.

Nes-menn

No entry

Cleasby-Vigfusson

m. pl. the men from Nes, Landn.

nes-nám
Zoëga

n., nema ~, to make a ‘ness-raid’.

Cleasby-Vigfusson

n.; nema nesnám, to make a ‘ness-raid,’ a term used by the old vikings when they landed on narrow headlands and took cattle and provisions by force; nema nesnám ok höggva strandhögg, Eg. 81, Orkn 64, Fms. i. 195.

nes-oddi
Zoëga

m. point of a ness.

Cleasby-Vigfusson

or nes-tangi, a, m. a point of a ness, Nj. 125, Fms. vii. 361, Fs. 51.

Nes-þjóðir

No entry

Cleasby-Vigfusson

f. pl. the people of Caithness, Fms. x.

NET
Zoëga

(gen. pl. netja), n. net, fishing-net (þeir fara til netja).

Cleasby-Vigfusson

n., gen. pl. netja, dat. netjum, [Ulf. nati = δίκτυον; A. S. and Engl. net; Hel. neti; Germ. netz; Swed. nät]:—a net; tók hann lín ok garn ok reið á möskva svá sem net er síðan, Edda 39 (in the mythical story of the origin of the net as an invention of Loki); ef maðr hittir net í látrum sínum ok sel í, þá á hann net ok svá sel, til hinn leysir landnámi net út, N. G. L. i. 45; nú tekr maðr síld ór netjum manna, ii. 136; leggja net í á, Grág. ii. 350; hvárki net né öngla, K. Þ. K.; netja spell, damage of nets, N. G. L. ii. 136, 137; netja stæði—netlög. Boldt 134; netja veiðr, a net-haul, id.; ríða net, to make a net; drag-net, a drag-net, draw-net; lag-net, a lag-net; slag-net, a casting-net, for catching birds:—metaph., net lifrar = reticulum jecoris, Stj. 310. Exod. xxix. 13, 22.

netja
Zoëga

I)

(að), v. to net, entangle.

II)

f. caul, omentum.

Cleasby-Vigfusson

1. að, to net, catch: metaph. netjaðr, netted, entangled, Fms. x. 404; allri skurðgoða villu er hann hefir yðr í netjað, i. 282; er hann nú svá í netjaðr ást hennar, Str. 24:—reflex., netjask í bandi, H. E. i. 238, Str. 9.

2. u, f. the net-like caul of fat enclosing the stomach of animals, Lat. omentum, Stj. 250, Sks. 129, and in mod. usage.

nettr

No entry

Cleasby-Vigfusson

adj. neat, handsome, (mod. and for.)

nett-leikr

No entry

Cleasby-Vigfusson

m. neatness, (mod.)

net-flár

No entry

Cleasby-Vigfusson

f. pl., and net-kubbar, m. pl. the quills of a net.

net-háls

No entry

Cleasby-Vigfusson

n. the neck or throat of a net, Post. 656 C. 5.

net-lagnir

No entry

Cleasby-Vigfusson

f. pl. places where nets are spread.

net-lög
Zoëga

n. pl. ‘net-layings’, a place where nets are spread.

Cleasby-Vigfusson

n. pl. ‘net-layings’, i. e. the right of laying nets in certain waters; hann skyldi rýma netlögin fyrir þeim, Fs. 35; kirkja á selveiði við Eiðsker ok tvau netlög, Vm. 57; menn eigu at veiða fyrir útan netlög at úsekju, Grág. ii. 358.

net-næmr
Zoëga

a. that may be caught in a net.

Cleasby-Vigfusson

adj. that may be caught in a net; netnæmir fiskar, Grág. i. 149.

net-röst

No entry

Cleasby-Vigfusson

f. = netlagnir, on the sea, D. N. ii. 4.

net-þinull
Zoëga

m. net-line, edge-rope of a net.

Cleasby-Vigfusson

m. the upper net-line, bordering the net, Edda 39.

NEYÐ
Zoëga

f. distress, = nauð.

Cleasby-Vigfusson

f. need, distress, Hkr. iii. 288, Stj. 182, 213; this form is very freq. in mod. usage, esp. in hymns, Vídal., the Bible, instead of the older nauð (q. v.), e. g. Pass. 41. 1.

COMPDS: neyðarkostr, neyðarúrræði.

neyða
Zoëga

(-dda, -ddr), v. to force, compel (n. e-n til e-s).

Cleasby-Vigfusson

d, [nauð], to force, compel; neyða e-n til e-s, Grág. i. 306, O. H. L. 41; ek þykkjumk þó mjök neyddr til hafa verit, Nj. 88; þeir neyddu hann og sögðu, Luke xxiv. 29, passim in mod. usage: to subdue, hann neyddi útrú Gyðinga, Hom. 42.

neyðar-kostr

No entry

Cleasby-Vigfusson

m. a dire choice.

neyðar-úrræði

No entry

Cleasby-Vigfusson

n. pl. dire expedients.

neyslu-salt

No entry

Cleasby-Vigfusson

n. common salt, Gþl. 430.

NEYTA
Zoëga

(-tta, -ttr), v.

1) to use, make use of, with gen. (koma num þar, at vér munum þess ~);

2) to consume;

~ matar, to eat;

3) with acc.; margs kyns vápn, má þau vel ~ á skipi, they may well be used in ships;

4) with preps.,

~ af e-u, to eat of it (~ af því opt);

~ e-t upp, to consume, waste (þeir er alla peninga sína ~ upp í ofáti ok ofdrykkju).

Cleasby-Vigfusson

t, [nautr, njóta; Germ. nätzen; A. S. notian; Old Engl. and Scot. note], to use, enjoy, with gen. or absol.; neyta fjár-nytjar þeirrar, to use the milk, Grág. i. 428; koma mun þar at vér munum þess n., Nj. 232; þeim er neytti eðr njóta þyrfti þessa vættis, 238; ok svá allra gagna til at neyta, Grág. ii. 81; þar er menn selja hross sín til geymslu á alþingi at lögmáli, skal sá, er við hefir tekit, at engu neyta, 140; nefnir hann sér vætti þat at lögum, at njóta ok neyta, ii. 79.

2. to consume; neyta matar, to eat, Gísl. 16; at neyta þeirra kykvenda allra er nú eru æt kölluð, Ver. 9; hvers hann hafði neytt ok hvers úneytt, Grág. i. 155.

3. with acc., (less correct and prob. a Norwegianism); vápn, má þau vel neyta á skipi, they may well be used in ships, Sks. 388 B; er alla penninga sína neyta upp (consume, waste) í ofáti ok ofdrykkju, Skálda 208: to eat, skulut þit alla hluti neyta, Sks. 500 B; fyrir því at þú neyttir kviðjaðan ávöxt jarðar, 548 B:—with dat., in translations influenced by the Lat.uti with abl., neytti hann ílla frjálsu sjálfræði, Mar.; valdsmenn þeir er ílla neyta sínu valdi, Stat. …

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neyti
Zoëga

I)

n. use, profit = not (hafa bæði jarðkost fjallanna ok þó ~ af sjónum).

II)

n. company (~ hefir sá er nítján menn fylgja).

Cleasby-Vigfusson

n. [nautr], fellowship, mateship, a company; neyti eru nítján menn, nineteen make a company, Edda 208; bera vætti með neyti þat (with other fellow-witnesses) er ek fæ þér til, Grág. ii. 54; leysa þann kvið af hendi þegar er þeir hafa neyti at, i. 54: esp. in compds, mötu-neyti, föru-n., ráðu-n., lögu-n. (q. v.), etc.

2. use; hafa jarðkost fjallanna ok þó neyti (= not, q. v.) af sjónum, Fs. 20.

II. [naut], cattle, in compds, kú-neyti, blót-n., ung-n., q. v.

neyting

No entry

Cleasby-Vigfusson

f. the using a thing, tasting, neytingar-vatn, n. water for domestic use, Gísl. 28, (mod. esp. of drinking water, opp. to water for washing.)

neytr
Zoëga

a. good, fit for use (vápn þau, sem neyt eru); of persons, good, useful (Kolbeinn féll ok margir aðrir neytir menn).

Cleasby-Vigfusson

adj. good, fit for use; vápn þat er neytt sé, Grett. 99 A; hesta alla þá er neytir eru, Sturl. iii. 237:—neytr at e-u, good for something, at hví neyt sé, for what they are useful, Grág. ii. 266; n. til e-s, andvana lík til einskis neytt, Pass. 4. 23: of persons, good, useful, Kolbeinn féll ok margrir aðrir neytir menn, Bs. i. 141.

neyzla
Zoëga

f.

1) use;

2) nourishment.

Cleasby-Vigfusson

u, f. a using, consuming, Barl. 14, 23.

COMPDS: neyzlugrannr, neyslusalt, neyzluvatn.

neyzlu-grannr

No entry

Cleasby-Vigfusson

adj. one who requires little nourishment; hann er n., opp. to neyzlu-frekr.

neyzlu-vatn

No entry

Cleasby-Vigfusson

n. = neytingarvatn.

nezla
Zoëga

f. button-loop.

Cleasby-Vigfusson

or nestla, u, f. [nisti], a loop to fasten a cloak or the like, Þorf. Karl. ch. 7: mod. hnezla or hnesla, passim.

neztr
Zoëga

a. superl. nethermost, lowest, undermost; cf. neðri.

Cleasby-Vigfusson

= neðstr, see neðri, Barl. 155, passim.

NIÐ
Zoëga

n.

1) contumely, derision (segja e-m ~);

2) libel (yrkja, kveða ~ um e-n);

3) insult by carving a person’s likeness (tréníð) on an upraised post or pole (níðstöng).

Cleasby-Vigfusson

f., pl. niðar, N. G. L. i. 29; dat. pl. niðjum, Vsp. 6 (later niðum); the gender is seen from the pl. niðar (l. c.) from the compd niðar- below, as also from the provinc. Norse and Swed. near; [Swed. nedar; Dan. næ; Ivar Aasen near]:—the wane of the moon, when there is ‘no moon;’ it is in use in Sweden and Denmark, but now obsolete in Iceland, except in the compd niða-myrkr, qs. niðar-myrkr; in old writers esp. in the allit. phrases, ný ok nið, full moon and no moon, Vþm. 25; Máni stýrir göngu tungls ok ræðr nýjum ok niðum, Edda 7; um ny hit næsta ok niðar (acc. pl.), N. G. L. i. 29; nótt með niðum, Vþm. 24; nótt ok niðjum (i. e. niðum) nöfn um gáfu, Vsp. 6; máni, ný, nið, Edda 76: poët., niða borg = the heaven, Skálda (in a verse).

COMPDS: Nlðafjöll, niðamyrkr.

niða
Zoëga

(-dda, -ddr), v.

1) to libel, lampoon;

2) refl., níðast á e-m, to behave in a dastardly way to a person (at Noregsmenn höfðu níðst á Ólafi konungi); ~ á e-u, to act basely in a thing (hvárki skal ek á þessu ~ ok á engu öðru því er mér er til trúat); ~ á trú sinni, to apostatize.

Cleasby-Vigfusson

að, = gniða (q. v.), to rub, Grett. 151 A: to murmur, of water.

niða-myrkr
Zoëga

n. pitch-darkness; niðamyrkar var á, it was pitch-dark.

Cleasby-Vigfusson

n. ‘nið-mirk,’ pitch darkness and no moon; þeir höfðu skriðljós með sér, en niðamyrkr var úti, Ó. H. 71, Fms. ii. 5; n. var á, Eg. 216, 235, Fms. viii. 429: the word is now used without thinking of the moon, simply = pitch darkness; also kol-niðamyrkr, coal-pitch-dark.

Niði

No entry

Cleasby-Vigfusson

a, m. the name of a dwarf, from nið (no moon), Vsp., Edda (Gl.)

niðjungr
Zoëga

(-s, -ar), m. descendant (niðr ok ~); cf. átt~.

Cleasby-Vigfusson

m. = niðr, a son, relative, Rm. 38, Lex. Poët.:—the name of a dwarf, from nið, f. (q. v.)

niðr
Zoëga

I)

(-s, pl. niðjar, acc. niði, gen. niðja), m. son, kinsman, relative.

II)

adv.

1) down (hann féll dauðr ~); setjast ~, to sit down; fœra ~ korn, to sow corn;

2) of direction without motion, down, downward (n. ok norðr liggr helvegr).

Cleasby-Vigfusson

m., better gniðr, [from gniða], the murmur of running water, of a brook, stream, ár-niðr, lækjar-niðr, prop. the wearing of the water against the pebbles at the bottom; the word is very freq. in mod. usage.

NIÐR
Zoëga

I)

(-s, pl. niðjar, acc. niði, gen. niðja), m. son, kinsman, relative.

II)

adv.

1) down (hann féll dauðr ~); setjast ~, to sit down; fœra ~ korn, to sow corn;

2) of direction without motion, down, downward (n. ok norðr liggr helvegr).

Cleasby-Vigfusson

1. m. some of the cases of which are taken from niðr (gen. niðs), some from a supposed niði (gen. niðja); from the former are nom. niðr, acc. nið, gen. niðs; from the latter, the plur. niðjar, niðja, niðjum; an acc. sing. niðja also occurs, Ó. H. (in a verse), as also gen. sing. niðja, Bragi; cp. also langniðjar: [Ulf. niþjis = συγγενής]:—a son, and hence of any kinsman, a descendant; nema reisi niðr at nið, man after man, Hm. 71; Börs niðr, the son of B. = Odin, Eg. (in a verse); Fjölnis niðr, Yggs niðr, the son of F., of Ygg, Ýt. 6, Fagrsk. (in a verse); Ása niðr, the scion of the A., Ht.; sjávarniðr, the sea’s kinsman = fire, Ýt. 4.

II. in the law it seems to mean distant relatives (cp. Grág. i. 171 and 237), which is confirmed by the use of the word in the early Swed. niþ, and in niþararf, which, according to Schlyter, means devolution to distant relatives; niðr would therefore answer to mod. Icel. útarfar, as opp. to frændr: it occurs chiefiy in the allit. phrase, inn nánasti niðr, the nearest nið, Grág. i. 171, 175; til ens nánasta niðs, 237; nú lifir ekki þeirra manna, þá skal taka inn nánasti niðr frjáls-borinna manna ok arfgengr, 171; …

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niðra
Zoëga

(að), v.

1) to put down, lower (n. e-m or e-u);

2) to abase, humble.

Cleasby-Vigfusson

að, mod. hniðra, [Scot. nidder], to put down, lower, with dat.; niðra e-m or e-u; n. blótum, Fb. i. 63; n. drambi e-s, Al. 10; þeir er mér vildu n., Fms. ix. 278; hafa hans frændr niðrat mínum ættmönnum, 306; hver sem mér n. vildi, Pass. 24. 11; ok Guðs andskotum at n., Bær. 18; neist ok niðrat, Bs., with acc. Stj. 67: mod. to pull down, revile, passim in mod. usage.

niðran
Zoëga

f. degradation, shame.

Cleasby-Vigfusson

f., mod. hniðran, degradation, shame, Fms. i. 208, viii. 448 (v. l.), x. 305, Sks. 775 B, Bs. i. 738.

niðri
Zoëga

adv.

1) down, in a low position; undir þiljum ~, down in the hull; við sjó ~, down at the sea; down, under the surface of water (konungr fœrði hann þegar í kaf ok hélt honum ~ lengi); below the horizon (meðan lönd eru ~); þeir skoðuðu hann uppi ok ~, up and down, all over;

2) undir ~, below, down (undir ~ í dalnum); secretly (hann elskaði aðra konu undir ~).

Cleasby-Vigfusson

adv., see niðr B. niðri-vist, f. a remaining below, Fms. vii. 166.

niðr-bjúgr
Zoëga

a. bent downward.

Cleasby-Vigfusson

adj. crooked; n. nef, Rm. 10, Ó. T. (in a verse).

niðr-brot
Zoëga

n. destruction.

Cleasby-Vigfusson

n. a ‘down-break,’ destruction, Rb. 332, Mar., Fms. v. 163. niðrbrots-maðr, m. a destroyer, Bs. i. 724.

niðr-brotari
Zoëga

m. destroyer.

Cleasby-Vigfusson

a, m. a destroyer, Bs. i. 733.

niðr-dráttr
Zoëga

m. dragging down.

Cleasby-Vigfusson

m. a dragging down, Fb. i. 307.

niðr-drep

No entry

Cleasby-Vigfusson

n. a pulling down, H. E. i. 497.

niðr-fall
Zoëga

n.

1) downfall;

2) dropping of a case (handsala mér ~ at sökinni);

3) loss (hann virði sér þat mikit ~ vera, er þá var slíks manns við mist);

4) decay, ruin.

Cleasby-Vigfusson

n. a downfall, Stj. 9, Sks. 146, Barl. 89:—destruction, dilapidation, N. G. L. i. 343:—metaph. decay, ruin, Stj. 65, Sks. 450: downfall, loss, Fms. x. 31 (v. l.), Bs. i. 92, 132: as a law term, the dropping of a case, handsala n. at sökum, Nj. 21, passim.:—a plague, Mar. niðrfalls-sótt, f. epilepsy, Mar.

niðr-ferð

No entry

Cleasby-Vigfusson

f. descent, Bev.

niðr-ganga
Zoëga

f. descent.

Cleasby-Vigfusson

u, f. descent, Bret. 32: setting of the sun, Rb. 472, 476.

niðr-gangr
Zoëga

m. descent.

Cleasby-Vigfusson

m. = niðrganga:—medic. diarrhoea.

niðr-kváma

No entry

Cleasby-Vigfusson

u, f. a coming down, Mar.

niðr-lag
Zoëga

n.

1) end, conclusion;

2) slaughtering for household use (var þar betri einn sauðr til ~s en tveir annars staðar).

Cleasby-Vigfusson

n. an end, conclusion; at niðrlagi mánaðarins, Rb. 28: a saying, lítið upphaf görir stundum ágætt n., MS. 4. 9:—of a verse, book, or the like, upphaf ok n. vísu, Vígl. 30; ok er eitt n. (one burden) á öllum, Hkr. iii. 71: lýkr hér sögunni með svá föllnu niðrlagi ok enda, Fas. iii. 452.

II. the storing up meat for household use; var þar betri einn sauðr til niðrlags en tveir annars-staðar, Grett. 137 A; lét hann þat standa á niðrlögum sínum, Fas. iii. 383.

niðr-leitr
Zoëga

a. down-looking, downcast.

Cleasby-Vigfusson

adj. down-looking, Stj. 20, 71, Karl. 553.

niðr-lútr

No entry

Cleasby-Vigfusson

adj. ‘down-louting,’ downcast, Sighvat, Pass. 16.

niðr-níða

No entry

Cleasby-Vigfusson

d, to dilapidate, esp. of a farm; jörðin er niðrnídd, the estate is let down, is in a bad condition.

niðr-raða

No entry

Cleasby-Vigfusson

að, to arrange; niðr-raðan, f. order, arrangement.

niðr-seta

No entry

Cleasby-Vigfusson

u, f. = niðrsetningr.

niðr-setning
Zoëga

f. burial.

Cleasby-Vigfusson

f. a setting down, burying, Bs. i. 132.

niðr-setningr

No entry

Cleasby-Vigfusson

m. a pauper, from being distributed (set down) in Icel. among the different households in a parish, (setja e-n niðr á hreppinn.)

niðr-staða

No entry

Cleasby-Vigfusson

u, f. the final end, conclusion of a thing; það var niðrstaðan á því.

niðr-stiga
Zoëga

f. descent.

Cleasby-Vigfusson

u, f. a descent, Sks. 56.

niðr-stigning
Zoëga

f. descent.

Cleasby-Vigfusson

f. a descent, Stj. 376, Niðrst. 8, Sks. 55, passim, niðrstigningar-Saga, u, f. the History of the Descent into Hell (sec List of Authors F. III), Am. 3.

niðr-stíga

No entry

Cleasby-Vigfusson

steig, to descend: part. niðrstiginn, descended, Bs. i. 823.

niðr-taka
Zoëga

f. pulling down.

Cleasby-Vigfusson

u, f. a pulling down, Fms. xi. 431.

niðr-varp
Zoëga

n. overthrow (með órgurligu ~i).

Cleasby-Vigfusson

n. an overthrowing, Sks. 526.

niðr-víðr
Zoëga

a. wide beneath.

Cleasby-Vigfusson

adj. wide or large beneath. Fas. ii. 343.

nið-gjöld
Zoëga

n. pl. weregild.

Cleasby-Vigfusson

n. pl. weregild after the slaughter of a relative or the weregild payable to the more distant relatives of the slain, opp. to the höfuðbaugr; or even simply = weregild, gjalda hinn vegna niðgjöldum, Grág. ii. 63, 79; skal þessa menn alla gjalda niðgjöldum, 131; þá menn alla skal jamt aptr gjalda niðgjöldum, sem þeir sé vegnir, þótt þeir lifi, svá er mælt, at þat sumar skal niðgjalda heimting upp hetja, er …, Grág. ii. 185; gjaldi sendimenn konungs niðgjöldum, Eg. 575, v. l.

nið-kvísl

No entry

Cleasby-Vigfusson

f. the lineage of agnates, Ýt.

nið-myrkr
Zoëga

n. = niðamyrkr.

Cleasby-Vigfusson

n. = niða myrkr, Gkv. 2. 12, Fær. 171, Sks. 202, Orkn. 110 (v. l.), 432, Gísl. 60.

nið-örkliga

No entry

Cleasby-Vigfusson

adv. hideously; geispa n., Fb. i. 259.

NIFL

No entry

Cleasby-Vigfusson

n. [O. H. G. nibul; Germ. nebel; Lat. nebula; Gr. νεφέλη]:—a mist, fog; this ancient word is obsolete in the Northern languages, and solely remains in COMPDS, chiefly mythol.: nifl-farinn, part. gone towards the dark, i. e. the dead, a απ. λεγ., Akv. 33. nifl-góðr, adj. a απ. λεγ. in a doubtful passage, Stor. 15. Nifl-hel, f. the Tartarus of the heathen mythology, deeper down than Hel (Hades); wicked men are said to die a second death and pass from Hel into Niflhel; fyrir Niflhel neðan, hinnig deyja or Helju halir, Vþm. 43; ríða norðr til Niflheljar, Vtkv. 2; vándir menn fara til Heljar ok þaðan í Niflhel, Edda; ok sendi hann (the giant) niðr undir Niflhel, 27. Nifl-heimr, m. Hades, Edda 18,—Hel kastaði hann í Niflheim ok gaf henni vald yfir níu heimum, Edda 4; fyrr var þat mörgum öldum en jörð var sköpuð, er Niflheimr var görr, 3. nifl-vegr, m. pl. the foggy way, Gg. 13.

Niflungar

No entry

Cleasby-Vigfusson

n. pl. the Niebelungen, of the Germ. tales; the older form hniflungar (q. v.) shews that the word cannot be derived from nifl; the derivation in Edda 104, 105 (from king Nefir) is fanciful, and a later invention; hodd Niflunga (hniflunga?) = Nibelungen hort, Akv.; Niflunga skattr, id.; Niflunga arfr, id., Bm.

Nikuðr

No entry

Cleasby-Vigfusson

Nikuðs, Nikarr, m. one of the names of Ódin, Gm., Edda (Gl.); but, as suggested by Finn Magnusson in Lex. Mythol. s. v., it no doubt was originally the name of Neptune or a water-goblin, cp. Nykr.

NIPT
Zoëga

f. female relative, sister (poet.).

Cleasby-Vigfusson

f., acc. nipti, as if from niptr, Hkv. 2. 28, [nefi]:—a female relative, Edda (Gl.): a sister, ek hefi nauðigr nipti grætta, Hkv. 2. 28; nipt ok dísi nú mun ek telja, Edda (Gl.); nipt Nara = Hel, Höfuðl. 9, cp. Edda 18; Njörfa nipt, id., Stor. 24; nipt Nera, of a weird sister, Hkv. 1. 4; nipt Tveggia bága (= the sister of Fenrir = Hela) Stor. 24: a daughter, heil Nótt ok nipt, hail Night and daughter = the Earth, Sdm. 3, see Edda 7: a niece, Freys nipt, the niece of Frey, i. e. Hnoss, the daughter of Frey’s sister Freyja, Edda (in a verse):—of a nun, as it seems, Sighvat (in a verse):—hlað-nipt, see hlað.

nist
Zoëga

n. brooch, pin.

Cleasby-Vigfusson

n. = nest, q. v.

NIST
Zoëga

n. brooch, pin.

Cleasby-Vigfusson

and nisti, n. a brooch or pin, as also a locket; that it was shaped like a pin is seen from the verb nista, see Worsaae, Nos. 371–373, 384 sqq., 425 sqq.; Halldórr hafði yfir sér skikkju ok á nist löng sem þá var títt, … sprettr Halldórr upp svá hart at nistin rifnaði (sic) af skikkjunni, Ld. 322; dóttir skal hafa kross ok kingu ok nisti öll, ef vegr eyri eðr minna, af silfri gör, N. G. L. i. 211 (Js. 78); hón fór ór fötum ok spretti frá sér félitlu nisti, Bs. i. 337; bleikr ásýndar sem nesta gull, Fms. v. 345; fimm sylgjur ok þrjú nisti, Bs. i. 874; hón hefir menit á hálsi sér ok nistin horfðu niðr, Fb. i. 276.

nista
Zoëga

(-sta, -str), v.

1) to pin, nail fast, esp. to pin with a weapon (þá var hann skotinn gaflaki í óstinn ok nistr svá við garðinn);

2) to pierce (with a sword or spear).

Cleasby-Vigfusson

1. t, erroneously proncd. nísta:—to pin, nail fast, esp. to pin with a weapon; sú (the arrow) nisti klæði hans við gólfit, Fms. i. 269; spjótið hafði nist allt saman fótinn ok brókina, Eb. 242; ok nisti hann svá dauðan út við borðinu, Sturl. iii. 66; ok nistir hann niðr við klakann, Finnb. 286; ok nistí hann við rist honum skjöldinn, Rd. 267; ok ætlaði at n. hann í gegnum við hallar-vegginn, Stj. 466; var hann skotinn gaflaki í óstinn ok nistr svo niðr við garðinn, Sturl. i. 112; ok nistir svá tunguna niðr við kverkrnar, Al. 77; ok nisti hann svá at öll námu staðar í hjartanu, Stj. 534; nist sverði, pierced with a sword, Lil. 56, cp. Líkn. 16. 32: the phrase, nístandi kuldi, piercing cold, not from gnísta, q. v.

2. t, [from nesti, as gista from gestr], to provide with viands; ok nisti alia, N. G. L. i. 136; skal hann ok alla nista þá ef þess þarf viðr, ii. 352, v. l.; sá er úlfgi nistir, who never feeds (the wolf) never fights, Km. 22, see Lex. Poët. s. v.

nistill

No entry

Cleasby-Vigfusson

m. a little pin; n. silki-treyju, silk-jacket-pin, an ironical circumlocution for a man, Skíða R. 186.

nisting
Zoëga

f. fastening.

Cleasby-Vigfusson

f. = nist; dálkrinn er ór feldi mínum ok vil ek at þú saumir á nisting, Glúm. 343; ný nisting, Edda (in a verse).

nit

No entry

Cleasby-Vigfusson

f. = gnit, q. v.

NÍÐ
Zoëga

n.

1) contumely, derision (segja e-m ~);

2) libel (yrkja, kveða ~ um e-n);

3) insult by carving a person’s likeness (tréníð) on an upraised post or pole (níðstöng).

Cleasby-Vigfusson

1. n. [Ulf. neiþ = φθόνος; A. S. nîð; O. H. G. nid; Germ. neid; Dan.-Swed. nid]:—contumely, Vsp. 56; segja e-m níð, Akv. 35.

2. particularly as a law term, a libel, liable to outlawry:—of a libel in verse, yrkja, kveða níð um e-n, Nj. 70; ef maðr kveðr níð um mann at lögbergi ok varðar skóggang, Grág. (Kb.) ii. 184: the classical passages in the Sagas are Hkr. O. T. ch. 36, cp. Jómsv. S. ch. 13 (Fms. xi. 42, 43), Kristni S. ch. 4, Nj. ch. 45, Bjarn. 33 (the verse). Another and even graver kind of níð was the carving a person’s likeness (tré-níð) in an obscene position on an upraised post or pole (níð-stöng), for an instance of which see Bjarn. 33; ef maðr görir níð um annan ok varðar þat fjörbaugs-garð, en þat er níð ef maðr skerr tréníð manni eðr rístr eða reisir manni níðstöng, Grág. i. 147; when the post was set up, a horse’s head was also put up, and a man’s head was carved on the pole’s end, with dire Runes and imprecations; all this is described in a lively manner in Eg. ch. 60 and Vd. ch. 34, Landn. 4. ch. 4, Rd. ch. 25. The beina-kerlinga-vísur of mod. times are no doubt a remnant of the old níðstöng; …

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níða
Zoëga

(-dda, -ddr), v.

1) to libel, lampoon;

2) refl., níðast á e-m, to behave in a dastardly way to a person (at Noregsmenn höfðu níðst á Ólafi konungi); ~ á e-u, to act basely in a thing (hvárki skal ek á þessu ~ ok á engu öðru því er mér er til trúat); ~ á trú sinni, to apostatize.

Cleasby-Vigfusson

d, [níð, n.], to lampoon, libel, Nj. 66, Fms. i. 153, vii. 60, Eg. 415: to revile.

II. reflex., níðask á e-m, to behave shamefully to a person, thus to slay a defenceless man in his deep or the like; á engum manni níðumk ek, Fms. vii. 314; Noregs-menn höfðu níðsk á Olafi konungi, vi. 7; eigi vil ek níðask á þér, Nj. 60: of a thing, níðask á e-u, to break one’s faith; hvárki skal ek á þessu níðask né á öngu öðru því er mér er trúat til, Nj. 112; er þú níðisk á drykkju við gamalmenni, Fms. vi. 241; níðask á trú sinni, to apostatise, i. 126.

níðingr
Zoëga

(-s, -ar), m. villain, scoundrel, vile wretch; apostate.

Cleasby-Vigfusson

m. [A. S. or Early E. nidering = slander], a nithing, villain, legally the strongest term of abuse (like Germ. ehrloser), for a traitor, a truce-breaker, one who commits a deed of wanton cruelty, a coward, and the like; sækjask sér um líkir, saman níðingar skríða, a saying, Fms. ix. 389; minnsk þess at sá er einu sinni deyr níðingr verðr alldri öðru sinni drengr, N. G. L. ii. 420; þú ert miklu meiri n. en dugandi manni sæmi at eiga þik at mági, Ísl. ii. 377; heit hvers manns níðingr ella, Nj. 176; en þú ver hvers manns n. ef þú þorir eigi, Eg. 351; þeir búðu níðinginn þegja, sögðu hann nú sem fyrr útryggjan, Fms. ix. 52: an apostate (trú-n., Guð-n.), Julianus níðingr = Julian the Apostate, Ver. 48; grið-n. (q. v.) a truce-breaker:—a niggard, miser, mann-n., mat-n., q. v.

COMPDS: níðingsherr, níðingsnafn, níðingsorð, níðingsráð, níðingsskapr, níðingssunr, níðingssök, níðingsverk, níðingsvíg.

níðings-herr

No entry

Cleasby-Vigfusson

m. a band of traitors, N. G. L, i. 56.

níðings-nafn
Zoëga

n. the name of a villain; bera ~, to be called a níðingr.

Cleasby-Vigfusson

n. the name (title) of a nithing, Fms. viii. 66, v. l.; bera n., Eg. 492.

níðings-orð
Zoëga

n. = níðingsnafn.

Cleasby-Vigfusson

n. the name of being a nithing, Fms. viii. 65.

níðings-ráð
Zoëga

n. a villainous plot.

Cleasby-Vigfusson

n. a villanous plot, Sks. 763.

níðings-skapr

No entry

Cleasby-Vigfusson

m. villainy, Greit. 157, Fms. vii. 18, xi. 264.

níðings-sunr

No entry

Cleasby-Vigfusson

m. nithing’s son, a term of abuse, Bær. 13.

níðings-sök
Zoëga

f. a charge of villainy.

Cleasby-Vigfusson

f. a charge of villainy, Stj. 555, Sks. 764.

níðings-verk
Zoëga

n. dastard’s work, villainy.

Cleasby-Vigfusson

n. a dastard’s work, villainy, Fms. vii. 296, Eg. 415, Gþl. 133 (of high treason): of the three ‘nithing’s works’ to which the mythical hero Starkad was doomed, see Gautr. S. ch. 7.

níðings-víg
Zoëga

n. foul murder.

Cleasby-Vigfusson

n. a ‘foul murder,’ Fas. i. 331, Fms. xi. 339, Hkr. iii. 425, Eg. 415, Gþl. 133; defined as a law term in N. G. L. i. 66.

níðing-ligr

No entry

Cleasby-Vigfusson

adj. (-liga, adv.), villanous, Sks. 456, Or. 29, Karl. 27.

Níð-höggr

No entry

Cleasby-Vigfusson

m. the name of a mythical serpent, Vsp.

níð-liga

No entry

Cleasby-Vigfusson

adv.; tala n., to use foul language, Grett. 116.

níð-reisning

No entry

Cleasby-Vigfusson

f. the raising a pole of níð, Bjarn. 33.

níð-samligr
Zoëga

a. mean, villainous.

Cleasby-Vigfusson

adj. mean, villanous, Sks. 456.

níð-skár
Zoëga

a. libellous, of a poet.

Cleasby-Vigfusson

adj. libellous, of a poet, Ísl. ii. 203, Sturl. ii. 39, Fs. 86.

níð-skældr

No entry

Cleasby-Vigfusson

adj. (níð-skældinn, Grett. 92 A), Ísl. ii. 203, v. l.

níð-stöng
Zoëga

f. pole of insult.

Cleasby-Vigfusson

f. a ‘nið-pole,’ see níð, Eg. 389, Grág. ii. 147.

níð-virki
Zoëga

n. villainy.

Cleasby-Vigfusson

n. villainy, Sks. 571 B.

níð-vísa
Zoëga

f. lampoon, insulting verse.

Cleasby-Vigfusson

u, f. a lampoon, Hkr. i. 227.

nípa

No entry

Cleasby-Vigfusson

u, f. and nípr, m. a peak; see guípa and gnípr.

nísta

No entry

Cleasby-Vigfusson

t, to gnash, = gnísta, q. v.

II. to pin, see nista.

NÍTA
Zoëga

(að, or -tta, -ttr), v. to deny, refuse, with dat.

Cleasby-Vigfusson

tt, (nítta, að, Hom. 124), to deny = neita (q. v.), Stj. 44, 119, 143, Nj. 80, Hom. 78, Grág. i. 347; níttaði, Hom. 124.

nítiligr

No entry

Cleasby-Vigfusson

adj., to be said nay to, ekki n. kostr, a choice not to be refused, Bjarn. 47.

nítján
Zoëga

a. nineteen.

Cleasby-Vigfusson

a cardinal number, nineteen, 415. 9, passim.

NÍU
Zoëga

a. nine (níu eru himnar).

Cleasby-Vigfusson

a cardinal number, [Ulf. niun, and so in all South-Teut, languages with a final n, which has been suppressed in the Norse and Icel.; Swed. nio; Dan. ni]:—nine, passim; níu vikna fasta, beginning on Septuagesima Sunday, Rb. 504.

níund
Zoëga

f. body of nine; þrennar ~ir meyja, three nines of maids.

Cleasby-Vigfusson

f. a nonad, a body of nine; þrennar níundir meyja, three bevies of maids, nine each, Hkv. Hjörv. 28 (not mundir, see Bugge l. c. in the foot-note).

níundi
Zoëga

a. ninth.

Cleasby-Vigfusson

the ninth, passim.

níu-tigir

No entry

Cleasby-Vigfusson

m. pl. (mod. níu-tíu, indecl.), ninety, passim.

nízka

No entry

Cleasby-Vigfusson

u, f. [níð], niggardness.

nízkr

No entry

Cleasby-Vigfusson

adj. [cp. Dan. gnier], niggardly.

ní-kvæða
Zoëga

(-dda, -ddr), v. to deny.

Cleasby-Vigfusson

d, = neikvæða, to deny, Sks. 576, 586, 654 B, Anecd. 44, Mar. passim.

ní-kvæðr

No entry

Cleasby-Vigfusson

adj., eiga níkvætt, to have the ‘jus negandi,’ N. G. L. i. 84.

ní-ræðr

No entry

Cleasby-Vigfusson

adj. measuring ninety (fathoms, ells …); or of age ged ninety years, Fms. x. 13, see Gramm. p. xxi.

ní-tjándi
Zoëga

a. nineteenth.

Cleasby-Vigfusson

the nineteenth.

ní-tugti

No entry

Cleasby-Vigfusson

the ninetieth.

Njarðar-
Zoëga

from Njörðr.

Cleasby-Vigfusson

see Njörðr.

njarð-gjörð

No entry

Cleasby-Vigfusson

f. the close girdle, epithet of the girdle of Thor, Þd.

njarð-láss
Zoëga

m. a charmed lock.

Cleasby-Vigfusson

m. a kind of charmed latch, Sól.

Njarð-vík

No entry

Cleasby-Vigfusson

f. a local name in Icel., Landn.; whence Njarð-víkingar, m. pl. the men from N. Njarðvíkinga-Saga, u, f. the Saga of the N., Ld., see List of Authors.

Njáll

No entry

Cleasby-Vigfusson

m. a pr. name [from the Gaelic], Landn.; whence Njáls-brenna, u, f. the burning of Njal, An. 1010, Nj. ch. 130, inscr.: Njáls-Saga (commonly called Njála), named in Þorst. Síðu H. Anal. 170, see List of Authors: in the sayings, vera vitr sem Njáll, to be as wise as Njal; or, Njáls bíta ráðin, a saying quoted as early as by Arngrim in 1593.

njól

No entry

Cleasby-Vigfusson

f., and njóla, u, f. a poët. appellation of the night; nótt heitir með mönnum en njól (njóla, Edda 103, l. c.) með goðum, Alm. 31, Edda (Gl.)

njóli

No entry

Cleasby-Vigfusson

a, m. wild angelica; for the form of this word and the spurious n see jóll.

NJÓSN
Zoëga

(pl. -ir), f.

1) spying, scouting, looking out (senda mann á ~, hafa menn á ~um); vera á ~, to be on the look-out;

2) news (engi ~ fór fyrir þeim); gøra e-m ~, to send one intelligence.

Cleasby-Vigfusson

f. [Ulf. niuhseins = ἐπισκοπή], a spying, scouting, looking out; á njósn, Hm. 113, Fms. ix. 32; halda til njósn um e-t, Eg. 72, Eb. 188; hafa njósn af, Nj. 5, Eg. 13; senda mann á njósn, Gísl. 60; göra njósn fyrir sér, Fms. vii. 256; halda njósnum, Eb. 186: plur. scouts, spies, njósnir höfðu verit allt suðr í Naumudal, Eg. 93:—news, engi njósn fór fyrir þeim, they came unawares, Fms. i. 19; njósn hafði farit efra um land, Eg. 93; hvárigir höfðu njósn af öðrum, Fms. ix. 365; göra e-m njósn, to send one intelligence, of an impending danger or the like, þá kom til konungs njósn hans, ok höfðu þeir menn sét her Vinda, Ó. H. 240, Eg. 582; ek vil göra þér n. at þeir hafa margar fyrirsátir, Nj. 160; bera njósn, Fb. ii. 52; hann beið þar njósnarinnar. Fms. vii. 256.

COMPDS: njósnarberg, njósnarför, Njósnarhelgi, njósnarmaðr, njósnarskip.

njósna
Zoëga

(að), v. to spy (vil ek ~, hvers ek verða víss); ~ um e-t, to spy after, seek to find out (n. um athafnir e-s).

Cleasby-Vigfusson

að, [Ulf. bi-niuhsian = κατασκοπειν, Gal. ii. 4; A. S. neôsian; O. H. G. and Hel. niusian]:—to espy; vil ek n. hvers ek verða víss, Eg. 374; n. hvat um hag Ástríðar mundi vera, Fms. i. 68; n. um e-t. Eg. 141; n. um hvers hann yrði víss, Fms. i. 68; n. um ferðir e-s, viii. 183, passim.

njósnar-berg
Zoëga

n. a look-out hill.

Cleasby-Vigfusson

n. a look-out hill, Sturl. iii. 264.

njósnar-för
Zoëga

f. spying journey.

Cleasby-Vigfusson

f. a spying journey, Stj. 360, v. l.

Njósnar-helgi

No entry

Cleasby-Vigfusson

a, m. a nickname, Gísl.

njósnar-maðr
Zoëga

m. spy.

Cleasby-Vigfusson

m. a spy, Eg. 94, Fms. i. 68, Bs. i. 627, Ó. H. 61, passim.

njósnar-skip
Zoëga

n. spying-ship.

Cleasby-Vigfusson

n., or -skúta, u, f. a spy boat, Nj. 44, Fms. ix. 475.

NJÓTA
Zoëga

(nýt; naut, nutum; notit), v.

1) to have the use or benefit of, to enjoy (þú skalt ~ kvikfjár þíns ok verða í brottu frá Helgafelli); skal hann ~ draums síns, he shall have his dream out; njót þú heill handa, good luck go with your hands;

2) to derive benefit from, profit by; Egils nauztu at því, föður þíns, you had your father Egil to thank for that; lítt lætr þú mik ~ frændsemi frá þér, you let me have little profit of kinship with you; nauzt þú nú þess, at ek var eigi við búinn, it was your good fortune that I was not ready for you; ~ e-s við, to receive help at one’s hands; mun ek yðvar verða við at ~, I shall have need of your help; ~ af e-u, to consume (naut vóru œrin, nutum af stórum);

3) impers., ekki nýtr sólar, there is no sun; naut at því mest hans forellris, at, it was chiefly due to his forefathers that; þess naut mjök við í Þrándheimi (it helped greatly), at menn áttu þar mikil forn korn;

4) recipr., ~st, to enjoy each other (Þorveig seiddi til þess, at þau skyldi eigi ~ mega).

Cleasby-Vigfusson

pres. nýt; pret. naut, nauzt, naut, pl. nutu; subj. nyti; imperat. njót: [Ulf. niûtan and ga-niutan = ἀγρεύεν, συλλαμβάνειν, but also = ὀνίνασθαι, Philem. 20; as also nuta = ἁλιεύς, ὁ ζωγρων; it may be that net, nót (= a net) are derived from the same root, and that the primitive sense of this word was to catch, hunt, whence metaph. to use, enjoy; A. S. niotan; O. H. G. niozan; Germ. nützen, geniessen; Dan. nyde.]

B. To use, enjoy, with gen.; neyta eðr njóta vættis, Nj. 238, Grág. ii. 79; njóta yndis, Vsp. 63; ættir jóku, aldrs nutu, Rm. 37, Fs. 39; vel keypts litar hefi ek vel notið, Hm. 107; nýtr manngi nás, 70; knáka ek þess njóta, Am. 52; njóta Guðs miskunnar, Hom. 43, O. H. L. 88; skal hann n. draums síns, he shall enjoy his dream undisturbed, Nj. 94; ef hann hefði eigi notið hans ráða ok vizku, Fb. ii. 80; njóti sá er nam, Hm. 165; njóttú ef þú namt, Sdm.; niout kubls! see kuml; njóttú heill handa, blessed be thy hands! an exclamation, Nj. 60, Gísl. 87; svá njóta ek trú minnar, at …, upon my faith! upon my word! Edda i. 130.

II. to derive benefit from or through the virtue of another person; …

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njótr

No entry

Cleasby-Vigfusson

m. an enjoyer, user; hafra njótr = Thor; geisla n. = the fire; and in many poët. compds, hirði-n., etc., all appellations of men, Lex. Poët.: in pr. names, Sig-njótr, a victor; Þór-njótr, Baut.:—a mate = nautr, drekka njóts minni, Fms. vi. 52, v. l. njóts-minni, n. [still in Norway called njös-minne, Ivar Aasen, in the new Edition of his Dict., of a cup drunk by customers after striking a bargain]:—a kind of ‘earnest-cup;’ sendi hann honum eina skál fulla mjaðar, ok bað hann drekka njótsminni (mótsminni is an error), hér með, segir konungr, vil ek gefa þér, Sveinn, jarlsnafn, etc., Fms. vi. 52: the suggestion at the end of the article is therefore true.

Njörðr
Zoëga

(gen. Njarðar, dat. Nirði), m. Njord, one of the old Northern gods.

Cleasby-Vigfusson

m., gen. Njarðar, dat. Nirði, [cp. Nerthus, the goddess in Tacit. Germ. ch. 40; a similar worship is in the Northern account, Fms. ii. 73–78, attributed to Njord’s son Frey]:—Njorð, one of the old Northern gods, father of Frey and Freyja; about whom see Vþm. 38, 39, Gm. 16, Ls. 33, 34, Edda passim: Njord was the god of riches and traffic, hence the phrase, auðigr sem Njörðr, wealthy as Njord, a Croesus, Fs. 80. The name remains in Njarðar-vöttr, m. Njord’s glove, i. e. a sponge, Matth. xxvii. 48, freq. in mod. usage, and that it was so in olden times is seen from the words, þessa figúru köllum vér Njarðar-vött í skáldskap, this figure (a kind of antonomasia) we call Njord’s glove, Skálda 196: in local names, Njarð-vík, in eastern Icel., q. v.; Njarðar-lög and Njarð-ey, in Norway; cp. also njarð-láss, njarð-gjörð. In old Icel. translations of classical legends Njord is taken to represent Saturn, Bret., Clem. S. passim.

Njörðungr

No entry

Cleasby-Vigfusson

m. = Njórðr, in poët. appellations of a man, Lex. Poët.

Njörvi

No entry

Cleasby-Vigfusson

a mythical pr. name, Fas. iii. 706. Njörva-sund, n. the narrow strait (?), was the name given by the old Norsemen to the Straits of Gibraltar, Orkn. passim, which were for the first time passed by a Norse ship in 1099 A. D., see Fms. vii. 66—þat er sögn manna at Skopti hafi fyrstr Norðmanna siglt Njörvasund. The ancient route of the Scandinavians to the East in former ages was by Russia, along the rivers down to the Black Sea, cp. the remarks s. v. fors.

Nlða-fjöll

No entry

Cleasby-Vigfusson

n. pl. a mythical local name, Vsp.

nokkor

No entry

Cleasby-Vigfusson

loc. adverb, = somewhere, anywhere, qs. ne-hvar or ne-veit-hvar; svá nokkor mikit (about so much) fólk er í eynni, Sks. 95 B. 261:—with the notion of somewhat, may be, perhaps, probably, or the like, at þeir mundu nokkor vera í nánd löndum, Nj. 267, Fms. i. 40; nokkur annars staðar, Fms. viii. 360; nokkur neðan á líkamanum, Stj. 98; nokkur námunda þessari bygð, 122; nokkur til heiðinna landa, Fms. ii. 16; ef vér heyrum nokkvor barns grát, x. 218; ef nokkor þess er ván, Grág. ii. 129; þú vart nokkor at vera, Al. 154; vera má at Guð yðvarr sé farinn nokkvor, Stj. 593, 1 Kings xviii. 27.

nokkurn-ig

No entry

Cleasby-Vigfusson

adv. in some way, Fms. xi. 110; mun hann mér n. vel taka, Nj. 255; þér mun nokkurninn vel fara til mín, Ísl. ii. 441.

nokkurs-konar

No entry

Cleasby-Vigfusson

adv. of some kind, Edda i. 218, Dipl. i. 7, Stj. 177.

nokkurs-staðar

No entry

Cleasby-Vigfusson

adv. somewhere, Grág. i. 481.

norðan
Zoëga

adv. from the north (koma, fara, ríða, sigla ~);

vindr var á ~, the wind blew from the north;

~ af Hálogalandi, from H. in the north;

~ at, on the north side of (G. ok N. stóðu ~ at dóminum);

fyrir ~ (with acc.), north of (fyrir ~ heiðina);

fyrir ~ land, in the north (of Iceland).

Cleasby-Vigfusson

adv. from the north; á leið norðan, Eg. 51; koma, fara, ríða, sigla … norðan, Fms. iv. 233, passim; n. ór landi, n. ór Skörðum, Band.; n. af Hálogalandi, Fagrsk. 14; bónda-herinn norðan ór landi, Fms. vi. 258; kaupmenn þar um Víkina ok n. ór landi, i. 11:—of the wind or weather, var allhvasst á norðan, Fms. ix. 20, v. l.

2. of direction; Gunnarr stóð n. at Rangæinga-dómi, Nj. 110; Gizurr ok Njáll stóðu n. at dóminum, 87:—fyrir norðan, with acc. north of, fyrir n. Jökul, 192, 261; fyrir n. Vall-land, Grág. ii. 141; fyrir n. heiðina, Eg. 275; fyrir n. land (in the north of Icel.), Nj. 251.

COMPDS: norðanfjalls, norðanfjarðar, norðangola, norðanhret, norðanlands, norðanmaðr, norðansjór, norðanstormr, norðanstrykr, norðanveðr, norðanverðr, norðanvindr.

norðan-fjalls

No entry

Cleasby-Vigfusson

adv. north of the fell.

norðan-fjarðar
Zoëga

adv. north of the firth.

Cleasby-Vigfusson

adv. north of the firth, Gþl. 9.

norðan-gola

No entry

Cleasby-Vigfusson

u, f. a breeze from the north.

norðan-hret

No entry

Cleasby-Vigfusson

n. a gale from the north.

norðan-lands
Zoëga

adv. in the north.

Cleasby-Vigfusson

adv. in the north, H. E. i. 435, Dipl. iv. 8.

norðan-maðr
Zoëga

m. a man from the north.

Cleasby-Vigfusson

m. a man from the north, Ísl. ii. 363, Sturl. iii. 84 C.

norðan-sjór

No entry

Cleasby-Vigfusson

m. a sea, current from the north.

norðan-stormr
Zoëga

m. a storm from the north.

Cleasby-Vigfusson

m. a storm from the north, Bs. i. 533.

norðan-strykr

No entry

Cleasby-Vigfusson

m. a gale from the north, Ísl. ii. 135.

norðan-veðr
Zoëga

n. wind from the north (þeir tóku ~ svá hörð, at þá bar suðr í haf).

Cleasby-Vigfusson

n. = northerly winds, Nj. 124, Fs. 153, Rb. 440.

norðan-verðr
Zoëga

a. northern (á norðanverðum himins enda).

Cleasby-Vigfusson

adj. ‘northwards,’ northern, Stj. 75, Fms. xi. 411, Edda 13.

norðan-vindr
Zoëga

m. north wind.

Cleasby-Vigfusson

m. a north wind, Rb. 440, Sks. 40, Fms. ii. 228.

norðari

No entry

Cleasby-Vigfusson

compar. = nyrðri (q. v.), Stj. 94, A. A. 276: norðastr, superl. = nyrðstr or nørðstr, Gþl. 88, Eg. 267.

norðarla
Zoëga

adv. far to the north (sú ey liggr norðarliga fyrir Noregi).

Cleasby-Vigfusson

adv. = norðarliga, Ld. 166, N. G. L. i. 257.

norðarr
Zoëga

adv. compar. farther north (aldri kom hann ~ en í Eyjafjörð).

Cleasby-Vigfusson

compar. more northerly, Hkr. ii. 164, Band. 2: superl. norðast, northernmost, 732. 4, passim; see nyrðst.

norðar-liga
Zoëga

adv. far to the north (sú ey liggr norðarliga fyrir Noregi).

Cleasby-Vigfusson

adv. northerly, Fms. i. 93, iii. 120, ix. 55, Sks. 72.

NORÐR
Zoëga

n. the north; á ~, í ~, til ~s, northwards (hélt R. konungr ~ með landi); in the north (n. í Þrándheimi).

Cleasby-Vigfusson

n., gen. norðrs, [A. S. norð Engl. north; Germ. nord]:—the north; í norðr, northwards; þeir er bygðu norðrit, Fms. xi. 412, Landn. 23; til norðrs, Sks. 173, Grág. ii. 283; ór norðri, Eg. 133.

II. as adverb; norðr eptir hafinu, to stand northwards, Orkn. 376; norðr til Bjarnar-fjarðar, Nj. 20; n. til Holtavörðu-heiðar, 36; vera n. í landi, Eg. 170; n. í Þrándheimi, Fms. i. 26; norðr á Hólum, Skíða R. 200; kunna þótta ek n. þar, Nj. 33; görask konungr yfir n. þar, Eg. 71.

Norðri

No entry

Cleasby-Vigfusson

a, m. the Northern, one of the dwarfs who support the heaven, Vsp. (Austri, Vestri, Norðri, Suðri, Edda 5).

Norðr-á

No entry

Cleasby-Vigfusson

f. ‘North-water,’ the name of a river, Landn.; whence Norðrár-dalr, m.

Norðr-átt
Zoëga

f. = norðrætt.

Cleasby-Vigfusson

or -ætt, f. the Northern region, K. Þ. K. 138.

norðr-dyrr
Zoëga

f. pl. northern doors.

Cleasby-Vigfusson

n. pl. the northern doors, Fs. 72, Fms. vii. 64.

Norðr-dælir

No entry

Cleasby-Vigfusson

m. pl. the men from Norðrárdalr, Ísl. ii. 168.

norðr-ferð
Zoëga

f. journey to the north.

Cleasby-Vigfusson

or -för, f. a northern journey, Fms. ix. 350, Fas. iii. 673. norðrfara-maðr, m. a northfaring man, Ann. 1393.

Norðr-haf

No entry

Cleasby-Vigfusson

n. the Northern Ocean, Bs. ii. 5.

norðr-hallt
Zoëga

adv. in a northerly direction.

Cleasby-Vigfusson

n. adj. in a northerly direction, Bs. ii. 48.

Norðr-hálfa
Zoëga

f. the north region, esp. Europe.

Cleasby-Vigfusson

(proncd. -álfa), u, f. the Northern region, Rb. 468:—esp. Europe, Fms. i. 77, Orkn. 142, Ó. H. 193; Saxland ok þaðan um Norðrhálfur, Edda (pref.), MS. 625. 10, and so in mod. usage.

Norðr-land
Zoëga

n.

1) north-land, esp. the north quarter of Iceland;

2) pl., norðrlönd, the northern countries, esp. Scandinavia.

Cleasby-Vigfusson

n. North-land, Fms. viii. 425, ix. 468 (a county in Norway):—the North quarter of Icel., passim.

II. plur. Norðrlönd, the Northern countries, Northern region, sometimes used of Europe, but chiefly of lands peopled by Northmen or Scandinavians, Nj. 46, Fær. 151, Ó. H. 2 (pref.), 24, 57, 130, 131, 241.

norðr-ljós
Zoëga

n. pl. northern lights.

Cleasby-Vigfusson

n. [Dan. nordlys], the northern lights, polar light, aurora borealis, in mod. usage only in plur.: an ancient description of the northern lights is given in the Sks. ch. 19 (by a Norwegian writer). From the words—eða þat er Grænlendingar kalla norðrljós, Sks. 74—it appears that the Icel. settlers of Greenland were the first who gave a name to this phenomenon; the author of the Sks. also describes the northern lights as they appeared in Greenland.

norðr-lopt

No entry

Cleasby-Vigfusson

n. the ‘north-lift,’ north, polar heavens.

Norðr-seta

No entry

Cleasby-Vigfusson

u, f., or Norð-setr, n. the Northern Seat, name of a fishing-place in the north of Greenland, A. A. 273, 278, Fms. x. 112; hence Norðsetu-drápa, u, f. the name of a poem, fragments of which are collected in A. A.; and Norðsetu-maðr, m. a man from N., A. A. 275.

Norðr-sjór
Zoëga

m. the northern arm of the sea.

Cleasby-Vigfusson

m. the Northern arm of the sea, Fms. viii. 426, v. 1.

2. the North Sea; Dan. Nordsöen.

norðr-skagi

No entry

Cleasby-Vigfusson

a, m. the north headland, A. A. 275.

norðr-stúka
Zoëga

f. the north transept of a church.

Cleasby-Vigfusson

u, f. the north transept in a church, Bs. i. 751.

norðr-sveitir
Zoëga

f. pl. the northern districts.

Cleasby-Vigfusson

f. pl. the northern counties, Fms. ii. 202.

norðr-vegar
Zoëga

m. pl. northern region.

Cleasby-Vigfusson

m. pl. the northern ways, Hkv. 1. 4.

norðr-ætt
Zoëga

f. the north.

Cleasby-Vigfusson

f. = norðrátt, Edda 22, Fms. x. 272, Fs. 147.

norð-hvalr

No entry

Cleasby-Vigfusson

m. a kind of whale, Sks. 134.

Norð-lendingar
Zoëga

m. pl. the men of the north quarter (of Iceland).

Cleasby-Vigfusson

m. pl. the Northmen, esp. of Icel., passim; Norðlendinga-biskup, -búð, -dómr, -fjórðungr, Bs. i. 68, 159, Nj. 228, 231, Lv. 30, Ld. 196, Landn. 236; see biskup, búð, dómr, fjórðungr.

Norð-lenzkr
Zoëga

a. from the north (of Iceland).

Cleasby-Vigfusson

adj. from Norðrland, Nj. 32, Sturl. i. 58, Bs. ii. 40.

Norð-maðr
Zoëga

m. Northman; Norwegian (Danir ok Norðmenn).

Cleasby-Vigfusson

m., pl. Norðmenn, a Northman, Norwegian, Grág. ii. 149, the Sagas passim; in Symb. 18 used as ‘pars pro toto’ of all Scandinavians; Norðmanna-herr, -konungr, -ríki, -ætt, Fms. x. 371, xi. 211, Hkr. i. 158, Ó. H. 142.

Norð-manndi

No entry

Cleasby-Vigfusson

n. = Normandy (= Northmannia), Fms. xii, Ó. H. 23, 25: Norð-manndingr, m. a man from Normandy, Norman, Str. 30.

Norð-ymbrar

No entry

Cleasby-Vigfusson

m. pl. Northumbrians, Hallfred. Norðymbra-land, n. Northumberland, Fms. xii.

Noregr
Zoëga

m. Norway, = Norvegr.

Cleasby-Vigfusson

m., gen. Noregs; a later Noregis also occurs in Laur. S.; ‘Nurviag’ on the Jellinge stone; [mod. Norse Norge, sounded Norre]:—Norway, passim; that the word was sounded Nóregr with a long vowel is seen from rhymes in Vellekla (10th century), Nóregr, fóru; as also Nóregs, stórum, Sighvat (in a poem of 1038 A. D.); the full form Norð-vegr (with ð and w) never occurs in vernacular writers, but only in the Latinised form, Northwagia, which was used by foreign writers (North Germans and Saxons); even the v (Nor-vegr) is hardly found in good vellums, and is never sounded. The etymology of the latter part = vegr is subject to no doubt, and the former part nór is prob. from norðr, qs. the north way; yet another derivation, from nór = a sea-loch, is possible, and is supported by the pronunciation and by the shape of the country, a strip of land between sea and mountains, with many winding fjords. The popular but false etymology of the ancients is from a king Nór (Orkn. ch. 12), as Rome from Romulus:—Noregs-höfðingi, -konungr, -menn, -ríki, -veldi, the ruler, king, men, kingdom of Norway, Grág. …

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NORN
Zoëga

(pl. -ir), f.

1) one of (three) Fates (Urðr, Verðandi, Skuld, who dwelt at the well ‘Urðar-brunnr’ and ruled the fate of the world);

2) one of various female beings presiding over human fortunes.

Cleasby-Vigfusson

f., pl. Nornir:—the weird sisters of the old mythology; nornir heita þær er nauð skapa, Edda 113; þessar meyjar skapa mönnum aldr, þær köllu vér nornir, 11, Sdm. 17: sundr-bornar mjök hygg ek at nornir sé, eigut þær ætt saman, Fm. The three heavenly Norns, Urðr, Verðandi, Skuld, dwelt at the well Urðar-brunn, ruled the fate of the world, but three Norns were also present at the birth of every man and cast the weird of his life; nótt var í bæ, nornir kómu, þaer er öðlingi aldr um skópu, Hkv. 1. 2; cp. the Norna Gest Þ., Fb. i. 358; góðar nornir skapa góðan aldr, en þeir menn er fyrir úsköpum verða, þá valda því íllar nornir, Edda 11; rétt skiptu því nornir, the Norns ruled it righteously, Orkn. 18; norna dómr, the doom of the Norns, the weird, Fm. 11; íllr er dómr norna, Fas. i, 508 (in a verse); njóta norna dóms, to fill one’s days, die, Ýt.; norn erumk grirnm, the weird is cruel to me, Eg. (in a verse); norna sköp = norna dómr, fár gengr of sköp norna, a saying, Km. 24: in popular superstition severe hereditary illnesses are called norna sköp, Fél. x. s. v.: norna grey, the Norns’ hounds = wolves, Hm. 30; norna-stóll, a Norn’s chair, Sól. …

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norpa

No entry

Cleasby-Vigfusson

að, to lounge, tarry in the cold, (conversational.)

norpr

No entry

Cleasby-Vigfusson

m. a tarrier, Bárð. 15 new Ed. (in a verse), of a patient fisherman.

Norræna

No entry

Cleasby-Vigfusson

1. (i. e. Norrœna), u, f. the Norse (i. e. Norwegian) tongue, see the remarks s. v. danskr, Ó. H. (pref. begin.), Fms. xi. 412, Stj. 71, Bs. i. 59, 801, 861, Al. 186; á Látinu ok Norrænu, … saga á Norrænu, Vm. and the Deeds, see Lex. Poët. (pref. xxix, foot-note 3); Norrænu bækr, books written in Norse, Vm. 56, Fms. x. 147, Karl. 525, v. l.; Norrænu skáldskapr, Norse poetry, Skálda. In the title-page of the earliest Icelandic printed books it is usually said that they have been rendered into the ‘Norse,’ thus, nú hér útlögð á Norrænu, the N. T. of 1540; á Norrænu útlagðar, (Corvin’s Postill) of 1546; á Norrænu útlögð, in a book of 1545; útsett á Norrænu, 1558; Salomonis orðskviðir á Norrænu, 1580; Biblía, það er, öll Heilög Ritning, útlögð á Norrænu, the Bible of 1584 (Guðbrands Biblía), as also the Bible of 1644: again, Sálmar útsettir á Íslenzku, 1558; útlögð á Íslenzku, 1575; útsett á Íslenzku, 1576, and so on.

II. a breeze from the north; lagði á norrænur ok þokur, A. A. 21.

2. að, to render into Norse, Stj. 2, Str. 1, H. E. i. 460, Mar.; þar fyrir hefi ek þessa bók norrænat, an Icelandic book of 1558: …

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Norrænn

No entry

Cleasby-Vigfusson

(norœnn), adj. Norse, Norwegian, Grág. i. 299; Danskir Sænskir eða Norrænir, ii. 72; maðr norrænn, Eg. 705, Ísl. ii. 232 (v. l.), Landn. passim; n. víkingr, Hkr. i. 198; n. berserkr, Bs. i. 16, cp. 953; norræn lög, Eg. 259; norræna skjöldu, 286; norrænan eið, Sturl. ii. 201; norræn tunga, the Norse tongue, Fms. i. 23, Sturl. ii. 3 (opp. to Latin); í norrænu máli, Skálda 189, Hkr. i. (pref.); norrænn skáldskapr, Skálda 190.

II. of the wind, northern; görði á norrænt, Sturl. iii. 263; þá var á norrænt, Fms. ix. 42.

Norskr

No entry

Cleasby-Vigfusson

adj. Norse, appears in the 14th century instead of the older Norrænn, Fms. xi. 439.

nosi

No entry

Cleasby-Vigfusson

a, m. [Dan. nosse], a phallus, membrum genitale, Fb. ii. 334 (in a verse), of the phallic idol Volsi.

nostr

No entry

Cleasby-Vigfusson

n. a dallying, trifling about a thing, and nostra, að, to dally, trifle.

NOT

No entry

Cleasby-Vigfusson

n. pl. use, utility; vera e-m at notum, Sks. 481: freq. in mod. usage, koma til góðra nota; ó-not, taunts.

COMPDS: notadrjúgr, notalegr.

nota

No entry

Cleasby-Vigfusson

að, to make use of, with acc.

nota-drjúgr

No entry

Cleasby-Vigfusson

adj. useful.

nota-legr

No entry

Cleasby-Vigfusson

adj. snug, comfortable.

notin-virkr

No entry

Cleasby-Vigfusson

adj. doing a nice work.

notka

No entry

Cleasby-Vigfusson

að, to bring into use.

NÓGR
Zoëga

a. ample, abundant = gnógligr, gnógr.

Cleasby-Vigfusson

adj., nógligr, see gnógr, gnógligr.

nói

No entry

Cleasby-Vigfusson

a, m. a small vessel, see nór: hence Nóa-tún, ship town (?), a mythical local name for the place where Njord, the god of the sea, dwelt, Gm.

NÓN
Zoëga

n. the time about three o’clock p. m. (B. kvað þá vera nær nóni dags).

Cleasby-Vigfusson

n. [from Lat. nona], nones, about three o’clock, received as a mark of time from the eccl. law; nær nóni dags, Ld. 224; fyrr en nón kæmi þess dags, Fms. vii. 286; öndvert nónit, 32: fyrir miðmunda (1.30 P.M.) hófsk orrostan, en konungr féll fyrir nón, en myrkrit hélzk frá miðmunda til nóns, Ó. H. 223; féráns-dómr skal sitja til nóns, Grág. i. 141; enda fái hann eigi lokit fyrir nón, 143; eptir nón, N. G. L. i. 10; at nóni, Eluc. 44, Skálda (in a verse). In the old eccl. law, according to the Hebrew reckoning, the Sabbaths, or at least the greater feasts, were reckoned from the nones (evening) of the preceding day; hence the phrase, nón-heilagr, adj. a nones-holy-day, and nón-helgi, f. nones-holiness, of the vigil of the day preceding a feast or the Sabbath; köllum vér þann dag sunnu-dag, en þváttdagr fyrir skal heilagr at nóni, N. G. L. i. 9; nú eru þeir dagar er Ólafr enn Helgi ok … buðu föstu fyrir ok nónhelgi, … nú eru þeir dagar taldir er fasta skal fyrir ok nónheilagt, nú eru þeir dagar aðrir er eigi er nónheilagt fyrir ok fasta, 10, 139, 303, Grág. i. 143, Fms. ii. 198; vér skulum halda at nóni enn sjaunda hvern þváttdag, en þat er í þann tíma er útsuðrs átt er deild í þriðjunga, ok sól hefir gengit tvá hluti, en einn úgenginn, K. …

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nóna
Zoëga

f. nones, the office for the ninth hour (gekk þá konungr til nónu).

Cleasby-Vigfusson

u, f. nones, = nón, 625. 177: the service at nones, ganga til nónu, Fms. iv. 266; allir menn vóru til nónu farnir, Bs. i. 179.

nón-hringing
Zoëga

f. peal of bells at nones.

Cleasby-Vigfusson

f. a peal of bells at nones, Fms. vii. 38 (on Saturday?).

nón-klokka
Zoëga

f. nones-bell.

Cleasby-Vigfusson

u, f. a nones-bell, for the service at nones, Fms. vii. 32.

nón-skeið
Zoëga

n. the hour of nones.

Cleasby-Vigfusson

n. the hour of nones, Nj. 196, Eg. 602, Fms. ix. 354, v. l.

nón-tíðir
Zoëga

f. pl. the office at nones.

Cleasby-Vigfusson

f. pl. the service at nones, Fms. vi. 302, Sturl. i. 138.

NÓR

No entry

Cleasby-Vigfusson

1. n. an inlet, sea-loch; this word is still used in Dan., and freq. in Dan. local names, e. g. Mön’s nor, Falster nor, Noret near to Danavirki in Sleswig; but it is obsolete in Icel., and not recorded in old writers.

2. m., gen. nós, dat. nói, [an antiquated word, perh. akin to Lat. navis, Gr. νηυς, ναυς], a kind of ship, Edda (Gl.): a smith’s trough, Björn; brand-nór (í brand-nói), a ‘hearth-ship,’ i. e. a house, poët., Ýt.

nóra

No entry

Cleasby-Vigfusson

u, f. [Dan. noer = a baby], a small, wee thing, or of a person, a Lilliputian or the like; silungs-nóra, a small trout.

NÓT
Zoëga

(pl. nœtr), f. pl. large net.

Cleasby-Vigfusson

f., pl. nætr (nœtr); net and nót are kindred words, derived from a lost strong verb (a, ó), cp. the remarks to njóta:—a net, esp. a large net for catching seals; sel, ef í nót liggr, K. Þ. K. 88; nætr tvítugar kóp-heldar, Vm. 98, D. I. i. 576 (notr = ntr Ed.); hér eru þrjár nætr, Háv. 46, N. G. L. i. 379; sela-nætr, and so in mod. usage: of a drag-net, Gþl. 428. nóta-verpi, n. a right of casting nets, D. N.

nóta

No entry

Cleasby-Vigfusson

1. u, f., esp. in pl. nótur, [from the Lat.], notes in music; nótna-bok, -grallari, -kver, etc.

2. að, [for. word], to note; with musical notes, brefer tvau nótuð, Dipl. v. 18.

nótera
Zoëga

(að), v. to note, mark.

Cleasby-Vigfusson

að, to note, mark, Skálda: to denote, Stj. 231, 278:—of music = nóta, sýngja sléttan söng sem nóterað var, Bs. i. 903.

nóti
Zoëga

I)

m.

1) mark, token;

2) note (in music).

II)

m. match, equal, = maki, líki.

Cleasby-Vigfusson

a, m. a note; merking eðr nóti, Skálda: notes in music, með inum fegrstum nótum, Str. 14, 6l.

II. a match, equal; séð hefi ek marga Íslenzka menn en öngan hans nóta, Nj. 121; vér fám eigi hans nóta í fræðum ok íþróttum, Fms. v. 335; engi riddari er hans nóti í turniment, Karl. 36, freq. in mod. usage.

NÓTT
Zoëga

(gen. nætr, pl. nætr), f. night, = nátt; at miðri ~, of miðja ~, about midnight; um nóttina, through the night, during the night; um nóttina áðr, the preceding night; í ~, tonight (eigi mun hann láta drepa Egil í ~); the last night (ek ók í ~ eptir viði); nætr ok daga, both by day and by night; nóttin helga, the holy night, Christmas night.

Cleasby-Vigfusson

f., gen. nætr, pl. nætr; the old writers mostly spell this word thus (not nátt), agreeably with its mod. sound and form; this, however, is not a real ó, but a remains of the old umlaut ́ (ńtt); nom. nótt, Sdm. 26, Hkv. 1. 2, Vþm. 24, 25, Gkv. 2. 12, Skm. 42, Alm. 29, 30, Sks. 50 new Ed.: acc. nótt, Hm. 112; miðja nótt, Grág. (Kb.) i. 36 (four times), 32, 37; þvátt-ńtt, id.: dat. nótt, Ó. H. 187, Vsp. 6; nóttina, Ó. H. 62, 72, 115, 118 (twice), 187, Íb. 12, Edda 28, 29, 89, Fb. ii. 381: dat. pl. nóttom, Vkv. 6, Hkv. 2. 51; so also in old rhymes, nótt, óttu, Fms. vi. (in a verse): the spelling with á chiefly occurs in Norse MSS. or in writers influenced by the Norwegians, dag ok nátt, Stj. 15, and so rhymed in Skíða R. 194; náttinni, Stj. 15, 16: gen. nætr, passim; náttar only in a few compds: pl. nætr, but næternar (irreg.), Kb. i. 33, 36. In most kindred Teut. languages with á, not ó: [Goth. nahts; A. S. and Engl. night; O. H. G. naht; Germ. nacht; Swed. natt; Lat. noct-is; Gr. νύξ, νυκτ-ός.] ☞ A dat. sing. nóttu is used in mod. poets, e. g. Bs. ii. 479 (in a poem of 1548); eg var að ráða árið um kring það Egill kvað á nóttu, in a ditty of Björn á Skarðsá; …

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nótturðar-tíð

No entry

Cleasby-Vigfusson

f. supper-time, Greg. 28. For the Holy Communion the Swed. use nattvärd, Dan. nadver (cp. Germ. abendmahl), but Icel. call it kveld-máltíð (q. v.), not náttverðr.

nó-selr

No entry

Cleasby-Vigfusson

m. a kind of small seal, opp. to erknselr or örknselr, Sks. 41 new Ed.

nudda

No entry

Cleasby-Vigfusson

að, qs. gnudda to rub, (conversational): to maunder, hvað ertu að n., (slang.)

nugga

No entry

Cleasby-Vigfusson

að, [from gnúa], to rub.

nunna
Zoëga

f. nun.

Cleasby-Vigfusson

u, f. [Lat. novena], a nun, Ld. 332, Grág. i. 307, Bs. passim.

COMPDS: nunnu-klaustr, -setr, n. a nunnery, Symb. 59, Fms. vi. 354, vii. 273, viii. 123. nunnu-vígsla, u, f. a taking the veil, Greg. 74, H. E. i. 329.

NUNNA
Zoëga

f. nun.

Cleasby-Vigfusson

að (?), [akin to nenna (q. v.), referring to a lost strong verb, ninna, nann, nunninn]:—to do, pursue; oss nunnask skil (thus, not numnast), our subject is pursued, i. e. our song proceeds, Fms. ii. 289 (in a verse, Hkr., O. T. ch. 97): freq. in later poets, at læra þetta ok kunna, ok ekki annað nunna, to learn this and know, and study nothing but that, Vísna-bók, Ed. 1612, Hugvekju Sálm. 15. 4, 42. 3, see Nj. the Lat. Ed. p. 247, in the foot-note a.

nunnr

No entry

Cleasby-Vigfusson

m. [nunna], one who strives, a worker, pursuer, απ. λεγ. in the poët. compd hlíf-nunnr = armourer = a warrior, Nj. (in a verse).

nurla

No entry

Cleasby-Vigfusson

or nurfla, að, [nyrfill; cp. Scot. nirl = a crumb]:—to make money like a miser.

NÚ
Zoëga

adv. now (var-at þat nú né í gær); in a narrative, now, next (nú er þar til máls at taka).

Cleasby-Vigfusson

adv. [Ulf. nu; A. S., O. H. G., Germ., and Dan. nú; Engl. now; Germ. nun; Lat. nunc; Gr. νυν]:—now, meðan enn er nú, Hom. (St.); eggmóðan val nú mun Yggr hafa … nú knáttu Óðin sjá, Gm. 53; nú né í gær, Hðm. 2; heill þú nú, Vþm. 6; rístú nú ! Skm. 1, passim:—in a narrative, now, next, nú víkr sögunni, nú er þar til máls at taka, passim; nú er þat er, now it is to be told that, now it comes to pass, Orkn. (in a verse).

II. as interj. nú nú, now now! nú fyrir því, at …, Mar.; nú þá, now then ! Stj. 457, 486.

núa
Zoëga

(ný, nera, núinn), v. = gnúa.

Cleasby-Vigfusson

neri, to rub, Fb. ii. 367; see gnúa.

núfa

No entry

Cleasby-Vigfusson

u, f., see hnúfa.

núligr
Zoëga

a. present (núligir hlutir).

Cleasby-Vigfusson

adj. now being, present, of time, Eluc. 6.

Núm-verskr

No entry

Cleasby-Vigfusson

adj. from Numidia, Róm. 148.

núna
Zoëga

adv. now, just now.

Cleasby-Vigfusson

adv. now, just now, Valla L. 223, Fb. ii. 238; þar er þat núna, faðir minn, Mar.: freq. in mod. speech, see -na.

núningr

No entry

Cleasby-Vigfusson

m. rubbing, = gnúningr.

núpr

No entry

Cleasby-Vigfusson

m. = gnúpr, q. v.

nú-verandi

No entry

Cleasby-Vigfusson

part. now being, now living, Skálda 179.

nybba

No entry

Cleasby-Vigfusson

u, f. a knob, peak; fjalls-nybba.

nyðungr

No entry

Cleasby-Vigfusson

m. [Dan. gnier], a niggard, miser, Ld. 38 C.

NYKR
Zoëga

(gen. -rs, pl. nykrar), m.

1) a fabulous water-being (mostly appearing in the shape of a grey horse);

2) the hippopotamus.

Cleasby-Vigfusson

m., gen. nykrs, [a word common to all Teut. languages; A. S. nicor; Engl. nick; Germ. nix; Dan. nök and nisse; mod. Norse nyk; Swed. näcken = a sea goblin; one is tempted to suggest that the Lat. Neptunus (p = g) may be related to this Teutonic word; cp. also Germ. neckisch, neckerei = whims, Dan. nykker]:—the ‘nick,’ a fabulous water-goblin, mostly appearing in the shape of a gray water-horse, emerging from lakes, to be recognised by its inverted hoofs, cp. the tale told in Landn. 2. ch. 10, as also Maurer’s Volksagen: poët., nykra borg = ‘nick-burrow,’ a lake, Lex. Poët. The nykr is the Proteus of the Northern tales, and takes many shapes, whence the gramm. term nykrat, part. a kind of kakemphaton, a change in a figure of speech, e. g. to call a sword first a ‘serpent’ and then a ‘wand,’ or to choose a verb which does not suit the trope in the noun; sá löstr er vér köllum nykrat eðr finngálknat … ok er þar svá skipt líkneskjum á hinum sama hlut, sem nykrinn skiptisk á margar leiðir, Skálda 187; en ef sverð er ormr kallaðr en síðan fiskr eða vöndr eðr annan veg breytt, þat kalla menn nykrat ok þykir þat spilla, Edda 123. …

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nykrat

No entry

Cleasby-Vigfusson

n. part., see nykr.

NYRÐRI
Zoëga

a. compar. more northerly.

Cleasby-Vigfusson

compar., the older form is nørðri or neyrðri (ey = ø), or even nerðri, also norðari and norðastr, q. v.; [norðr]:—more northerly, and superl. nyrðstr (nørztr, nerztr), most northerly; nær nyrðra hluta, Þórð. 7, Landn. 252; hinn nørðra arminn, Fms. xi. 131; í ena nørztu þinghá, Hkr. i. 147; nerztr, Fms. viii. 183, passim: of places, í Reykjadal inum nørðra, Landn.; til ins neyrðra vígis, Ísl. ii. 347; á Víðivöllum inum neyrðrum, Hrafn. 7; at enni nerðri Glerá, Landn.; at enum nerðra kastala, Fms. viii. 427.

nyrfill

No entry

Cleasby-Vigfusson

m., dat. nyrfli, a miser, nyrfil-skaps, m. niggardness.

NYT
Zoëga

(pl. nytjar), f.

1) milk (of sheep and cows);

2) esp. pl., use, advantage; hón leyfði Vala bróður sínum nytjar í Brekkulandi, use of the land; hafa nytjar af e-u, h. nytjar e-s, to derive benefit from (engar nytjar munu menn hafa Hafliða); koma nytjum á e-t, to bring into use, make profitable (víkingar tóku fé þat allt, er þeir máttu nytjum á koma); fœra sér e-t í nyt, to make use of, avail oneself of (fœrir Sveinn konungr sér allt í ~ þat, er til virðingar mátti verða);

3) pl. pleasure, enjoyment (Hrafn kvaðst engar nytjar hafa Helgu).

Cleasby-Vigfusson

f., gen. nytjar, [not; Scot. note], use, enjoyment, produce:

1. in sing. specially of the profit or produce of kine, milk; veiti vörð kú, ok þiggi af nyt ok hafi þat fyrir gras ok gæzlu, N. G. L. i. 24; gefa málsverð Jóladag ok nyt fjár þess, Vm. 169; nýta sér nyt fjár, Grág. i. 428: bregða nyt, to cease to give milk or give less milk, ii. 231, passim; ær-nyt, bú-nyt, milk, dairy produce; mál-nyta, id., or milch-kine; ‘fella saman nytina’ is said of a cow that is in profit or gives milk all the year round till she calves again.

2. plur. nytjar, use; víkingar tóku fé allt er þeir máttu nytjum á koma, Fms. ii. 2; hún leyfði Vala bróður sínum nytjar í Brekku-landi, use of the land or pasture, Korm. 152 (lands-nytjar).

II. use, enjoyment, esp. in plur.; Guð vildi eigi unna honum nytja af þvi barni, Sks. 692; hann kvaðsk engar nytjar hafa Helgu, Ísl. ii. 263; hann á fé allt hálft við mik en hefir engar nytjar (interest) af, Fms. vi. 204; Íslendingar munu hennar hafa miklar nytjar ok langar (they will derive lasting blessing from her) ok hennar afkvæmis, v. …

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nytja
Zoëga

(að), to milk (n. ærnar); ~st, to yield milk (fé ~ðist illa).

Cleasby-Vigfusson

að, to milk; nytja ærnar, Dropl. 14; var þat fé sumt etið, sumt nytjað, Sturl. iii. 208: reflex, to yield milk, fé nytjaðisk ílla, Ld. 154.

nyt-fall

No entry

Cleasby-Vigfusson

n. damage to a thing’s usefulness, Gþl. 398.

nyt-gæfr

No entry

Cleasby-Vigfusson

adj. yielding milk, Jm. 5.

nyt-lauss
Zoëga

a. useless.

Cleasby-Vigfusson

adj. unproductive, H. E. i. 489:—barren, dry.

nyt-léttr
Zoëga

a. yielding little milk.

Cleasby-Vigfusson

adj. giving little milk, Ísl. ii. 180.

nyt-samliga

No entry

Cleasby-Vigfusson

adv. usefully, Mar. passim.

nyt-samligr
Zoëga

a. useful.

Cleasby-Vigfusson

adj. useful, Hm. 154, Ld. 174, Fms. vii. 120, K. Á. 220.

nyt-samr

No entry

Cleasby-Vigfusson

adj. useful, advantageous.

nyt-semd
Zoëga

f. use, usefulness.

Cleasby-Vigfusson

f. = nytsemi, Fms. i. 261, Ld. 318, Stj. 565, Sks. 72. nytsemda-maðr, m. a useful man, Fms. iii. 74.

nyt-semi
Zoëga

f. usefulness, = nytsemd.

Cleasby-Vigfusson

f. use, profit, usefulness, advantage, Fms. v. 26, Eluc. 2.

NÝ
Zoëga

n. the new or waxing moon (ný ok nið skópu nýt regin).

Cleasby-Vigfusson

n. [Dan. ny], the ‘new’ of the moon, whereby the ancients seem to have meant the waxing or even the full moon, for the new moon was called nið, q. v.; and ný and nið (q. v.) are used alliteratively as terms opp. to one another; in the Rb., however, the translator of the Latin originals seems in a few instances to have rendered the Latin novilunium by ný: allit., ný ok nið, Vþm. 25, Edda 7, 96; um ný hit næsta ok niðar, N. G. L. i. 29, see nýlýsi below; með nýi hverju, 732. 1; verða þá misgöng at nýi meiri en áðr, ok þá gengr ný sem hæst, Rb. 478.

Nýi

No entry

Cleasby-Vigfusson

a, m. [ný = moon], the name of a dwarf, Vsp.

nýja-brum

No entry

Cleasby-Vigfusson

n.new-fangledness.

nýja-leik

No entry

Cleasby-Vigfusson

see above.

nýjung
Zoëga

f. innovation (landsfólkit var gjarnt á alla ~).

Cleasby-Vigfusson

f. newness, novelty, news, innovation, mostly in a bad sense; fals ok n., Fms. xi. 308; lands-fólkit var gjarnt á alla nýjung (= novarum rerum cupidi), i. 203; ganga undir sektir eða aðrar nýjungar; þeir vildu undir engar nýjungar ganga af Auðunni biskupi, Bs. i. 835; þá kom út til Íslands Álfr or Króki, hann hafði mörg konungs-bréf ok margar nýjungar, 807:—news, hann segir nú allt þat er verðr í nýjungu, Mag. 1.

COMPDS: nýjungagirni, nýjungagjarn.

nýjunga-girni

No entry

Cleasby-Vigfusson

f. love of novelty.

nýjunga-gjarn

No entry

Cleasby-Vigfusson

adj. fond of novelty.

Nýj-ár

No entry

Cleasby-Vigfusson

n. New Year. Nýjárs-dagr, m. New Year’s Day.

nýla

No entry

Cleasby-Vigfusson

adv. = nýliga, Lex. Poët.

nýliga
Zoëga

adv. newly, recently.

Cleasby-Vigfusson

adv. newly, recently, Sks. 58, Ld. 256, Hom. 57, Fms. vi. 144: compar., Ísl. ii. 160.

nýligr
Zoëga

a.

1) new, recent;

2) present.

Cleasby-Vigfusson

adj. new, recent, Skv. 3, 26: present, Hom. 25, 26.

NÝR
Zoëga

(acc. nýjan), a.

1) new (n. átrúnaðr); af nýju, anew, again; næst nýss, just recently (þat vann næst nýss niðr Ylvinga);

2) fresh (nýtt kjöt, nýir fiskar).

Cleasby-Vigfusson

adj., ný, nýtt; gen. nýs, nýrar, nýs; dat. nýjum, nýri, nýju; acc. nýjan, nýja, nýtt: pl. nýir, nýjar, ný; gen. nýra, mod. nýrra; dat. nýjum; acc. nýja, nýjar, ný, see Gramm. p. xix: compar. nýri, mod. nýrri; superl. nýstr, mod. nýjastr; [Ulf. niujis = καινός and νέος; A. S. niwe; Engl. new; O. H. G. niuwi; Germ. neu; Dan.-Swed. ny]:—new; vaðmál nýtt ok únotið, Grág. i. 500; skrúðklæði ný, 504; nýtt tungl, a new moon, but in old usage, as it seems, the waxing, or even the full moon; cp. however, þvíat nýtt var at ok niða-myrkr, Grett. 111 A, where Ed. 1853 has hríð var á.

2. fresh; nýtt kjöt, þat er siðr Færcyinga at hafa nýtt kjöt öllum missarum, Fær. 298; nýja fiska ok ostrur, N. G. L. ii. 263; í nýju nauta blóði, Hdl. 10.

II. temp, new, fresh, recent; ný tíðendi, fresh news, Fas. iii. 597; nýra spjalla, Hkv. Hjörv. 31; of ný samkvámu-mál, Grág. i. 458; inn nýi háttr, the new metre, Edda (Ht.); þetta görðu menn at nýjum tíðendum, Nj. 14; ný bóla, a new blotch, in the phrase, það er engin ný bóla, ‘tis no new thing, ‘tis an old sore.

III. …

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NÝRA
Zoëga

(pl. nýru), n. kidney.

Cleasby-Vigfusson

n., pl. nýru, gen. nýrna; [Scot. neirs; Germ. nieren; Dan. nyre; Gr. νεφρός]:—the kidneys, Stj. 310, passim: poët., haf-nýra, a pearl, Lex. Poët.

COMPDS: nýrnamör, nýrnaverkr.

nýrna-mör

No entry

Cleasby-Vigfusson

m. kidney fat, in beasts.

nýrna-verkr

No entry

Cleasby-Vigfusson

m., medic. ‘kidney -work,’ pain in the kidneys, Ann. 1426.

NÝSA
Zoëga

(-ta, -t), v. to pry, peer; nýstak niðr, I peered down; svá nýsisk fróðra hverr fyrir, thus every wise man looks about him (= nýsir f. h. fyrir sik).

Cleasby-Vigfusson

t, mod. form hnýsa, see introduction to letter H (B. II. 2. γ); [akin to njósn]:—to pry, enquire; nýsta ek niðr, Hm. 140; svá nýsisk fróðra hverr fyrr, 7; nýsumk hins, ok hygg at því, Stor. 13: mod. hnýsa, forvitnin holdsins hnýsir þrátt í Herrans leyndar-dóma, Pass. 21. 2.

II. reflex., hnýsast í e-ð, to pry into; hnýsast í bréfið, to pry into a letter; hence hnýsinn, adj. curious, in a bad sense; hnýsni, curiosity.

NÝTA
Zoëga

(-tta, -ttr), v.

1) to make use of; ek ætla, at þú nýtir eigi boga minn, thou canst not wield my bow; absol., hann spurði síðan, hvárt þá mætti svá ~, if that would do (be valid); ~ af e-u, to derive benefit (pleasure) from (sjá má, at ekki nýtir þú hér af); eigi munu þit lengr ~ hvárt af öðru, enjoy each other;

2) to eat, consume (n. svín);

3) fig., to bear, endure (hvárgi þóttist ~ mega, at þeir væri eigi á samt);

4) refl., nýtast, to be of use, avail; þetta verk má eigi ~, it will not succeed, it is in vain.

Cleasby-Vigfusson

t, [njóta], to make use of; ek ætla at þú nýtir eigi boga minn, thou canst not wield my bow, Fms. vii. 120: absol., ok frétti Þorstein, hvárt þá mætti svá nýta, he asked Th. if that would do, Ísl. ii. 207; skulu vér bræðr búnir ok boðnir til slíks sem þér vilit okkr til nýta, Eg. 50; ekki nýtir þú hér af, Edda 32; eigi munu þit lengr nýta hvárt af öðru, enjoy one another, Sturl. i. 96; þau Sigríðr nýttu eigi af samförum, lived unhappily together, 116; vóru þau í Reykjaholti lengstum, þvíat ekki nýtti af henni um samvistir ef þau vóru eigi þar, ii. 48.

2. to eat, consume; þat er rétt at nýta svín, K. Þ. K.; nú nýtir hann sér nyt fjár þess, Grág. i. 428; ef hann nýtir sér fuglinn, ii. 346; nýta fæzlu, Anecd., N. G. L. i. 342.

II. metaph. to use, bear, endure; údaunn svá mikill at menn þóttusk varla mega nýta at sitja yfir henni, Bs. i. 178; þóttusk menninir eigi nýta at vera hjá honum, Hom. (St.), of Job; jaxlinn varð svá sárr, at hann þóttisk eigi nýta mega at láta tunguna við koma, Bs. i. 195; ú-nýta, to destroy, N. G. L. i. 342.

III. reflex. to avail; þetta má eigi nýtask, Sturl. …

Shortened here. Read the full article →

nýting

No entry

Cleasby-Vigfusson

f. a term of husbandry; góð, íll nýting, of getting in the hay or crop, Esp. 1761.

nýti-ligr

No entry

Cleasby-Vigfusson

adj. useful, fit to use.

nýtr
Zoëga

a. fit, usable, useful (n. til verks); engu (til einskis) ~, good for nothing; at engu nýtu, to no use; of persons, able (enn nýtasti fardrengr).

Cleasby-Vigfusson

adj. fit, usable; nýtr dúkr, Pm. 107; sagði fé til þess nýtt, at …, Ld. 318: able, Str. 68; hefir eigi nýtra dreng fundit, Fms. ii. 23; hinn nýzti maðr, Eg. 141, Ld. 162; enn nýtasti fardrengr, Fms. ii. 23: valid, þá er hvárskis görð nýt, Grág. i. 494; láttú niðr detta, engu er nýtt, ‘tis all good for nothing, Fs. 159: neut. as subst., at öngu nýtu, to no use, H. E. i. 243; þær konur er með nýtu hafa verit, who have been good for something, id.

nýt-menni
Zoëga

n. = nytjamaðr.

Cleasby-Vigfusson

n. a worthy, good man, Ld. 334.

ný-breytinn
Zoëga

a. changeable.

Cleasby-Vigfusson

adj. variable, Str. 26.

ný-breytni
Zoëga

f. novelty, innovation.

Cleasby-Vigfusson

f. novelty, innovation, Fms. i. 71, vii. 94, 171, Ld. 176.

ný-bæli

No entry

Cleasby-Vigfusson

(mod. ný-býli), n. a new farm built in a wilderness where there was formerly none, Gþl. 432.

ný-bæringr

No entry

Cleasby-Vigfusson

m. [bera], a cow that has just calved, Björn.

ný-fenni
Zoëga

n. fresh fallen snow.

Cleasby-Vigfusson

n. fresh fallen snow, Sturl. i. 82.

ný-græðingr

No entry

Cleasby-Vigfusson

m. the first crop of grass in the spring.

ný-görfing

No entry

Cleasby-Vigfusson

f. a novelty, innovation, Ann. 1347, Fs. 76.

2. a gramm. term, a new trope or figure of speech, esp. of poët. circumlocutions not founded on ancient usage or old mythol. tales, but drawn from the imagination of the poet; thus, calling the tears the ‘rain, shower, pearls of the eyes’ would be ‘nýgörving,’ as also calling the sword a ‘snake,’ the sheath its ‘slough,’ Edda (Ht.) 123; skjöldr er land vápnanna, en vápn er hagl eða regn þess lands ef nygörfingum er ort, Edda 90.

II. mod. in a bad sense, whence ný-görfingr, m. of a person, an innovator, Pál Vídal. Skyr. passim; of a thing, new-fangledness, novelty, nýgörfings-ligr, adj. new-fangled.

ný-lenda

No entry

Cleasby-Vigfusson

u, f. = nýbæli, Gþl. 437: a colony, mod.

ný-lunda
Zoëga

f. novelty, a new, strange thing (segja kunnu vér nýlundu nökkura).

Cleasby-Vigfusson

u, f. a novelty, a new, strange thing; þótt þeir sæi nýlundur nokkurar, Fms. vii. 87; sáttú nokkura nýlundu í húsinu? Fs. 42; segja kunnu vér nýlundu nokkura, Nj. 196; Guðmundr kvað þat enga nýlundu þar í Eyjafirði þótt menn riði þar um hérað, Lv. 19; nú berr þat til nýlundu á Hóli at Gísli lætr ílla í svefni tvær nætr í samt, Gísl. 22; þat sá borgar-menn at nokkur n. var með her Grikkja, Fms. vi. 157.

ný-lýsi
Zoëga

n. light of the waxing moon (sigla um nóttina við ~).

Cleasby-Vigfusson

n. ‘new light,’ light of the new moon (ný); nýlýsi var mikit ok sá þeir at jarlar lögðu frá, Orkn. 420. According to the Saga and an entry in the old Annals the day in question was the evening of the 21st of Dec. 1154, old style; and from information given by Mr. Main (the Radcliffe Observer, Oxford), a full moon fell on this very day in that year, old style. This quite settles the question as to the true old sense of ný and nýlýsi. The chronology of Torfæus in the old Ed. of Orkn. S. is altogether wrong; um vetrinn var þat siðr Arnkels at flytja heyit af Örlygs-stöðum um nætr er nýlýsi vóru, Eb. 66 new Ed.; fóru þeir tíu saman frá Hváli öndverða nótt, því nýlýsi var á, Sturl. i. 61; sigla um nóttina við nýlýsi, O. H. L. 51.

ný-mjólk

No entry

Cleasby-Vigfusson

f. new milk.

ný-mæli
Zoëga

n.

1) news, novelty;

2) new law.

Cleasby-Vigfusson

n. news, a novelty; ef þeir yrði við nokkura n. varir, Fms. ix. 465, v. l.; þótti þetta n., Fms. v. 66. nýmæla-laust, n. adj. no news.

II. a law term, Lat. novella, a new law; rétta lög sín ok göra n., Grág. i. 6; þar skal n. öll upp segja á Leið, 122; þat var n. gört þá er Magnús Gizorarson var byskup orðinn, at …, þat var annat n., at …, Grág. (Kb.) i. 36, 37. nýmæla-bréf, n. a new ordinance, letter, Ann. 1314.

ný-næmi
Zoëga

n. novelty, = nýlunda (þat varð til ~s, at).

Cleasby-Vigfusson

n. [nema], a novelty; þat varð til nýnæmis, at …, Ísl. ii. 337; tíðindi þykkja n. öll, Ó. H. 150; óll n. stór ok smá, Lv. 43; af þeim nýnæmum fýstusk fjöldi manna í Noregi til þeirrar ferðar, Fms. vii. 74, Róm. 285, 293 (rendering of the Lat. res novae):—a new dish, not hitherto seen on the table, það er nýnæmi, (mod.)

ný-næmligr
Zoëga

a. novel.

Cleasby-Vigfusson

adj. new, startling, Hom. (St.)

ný-ráðliga
Zoëga

adv. oddly, queerly.

Cleasby-Vigfusson

adv. oddly, queerly, Gísl. 142.

ný-ræði

No entry

Cleasby-Vigfusson

n. pl. new counsel, Hrafnag. 22.

ný-smíði

No entry

Cleasby-Vigfusson

n. ‘new smith’s work,’ the work of a beginner.

ný-snævi
Zoëga

n. fresh snow (féll ~ mikit, svá at úgörla sá veguna).

Cleasby-Vigfusson

n. fresh snow, Eg. 544, Háv. 47.

ný-stárligr

No entry

Cleasby-Vigfusson

adj. (-liga, adv.), new, unusual.

ný-tungl
Zoëga

n. new moon.

Cleasby-Vigfusson

n. the new moon, Lat. novilunium (?), Rb. 18, 20.

ný-verk

No entry

Cleasby-Vigfusson

n. = nýmæli, K. Á. 182.

ný-virki
Zoëga

n. marks of new work, of human hands.

Cleasby-Vigfusson

n. marks of new work, of human hands; sá hvergi n. á gólfinu, Grett. 160 A; tráðu niðr taðit, svá at ekki n. sá á, Fms. i. 213.

NÆÐI

No entry

Cleasby-Vigfusson

n. [náð], rest, the being left undisturbed; vera í góðu næði.

næðingr

No entry

Cleasby-Vigfusson

m. a chilly blast, = gnæðingr, (mod.)

NÆFR
Zoëga

(pl. -rar), f. bark of the birch.

Cleasby-Vigfusson

1. (i. e. nœfr), adj., næfr, næfrt, clever, skilled; hygginn ok næfr um alla hluti, Fms. v. 221; hón var næfr kona ok kunni vel fyrir sér Bs. i. 339; all-næfrir jöfrar, Sighvat; orð-næfr, wordy.

2. f., dat. næfri (Stj. 330), pl. næfrar; [Swed. näfver; Dan. næver]:—the bark of the birch, used for roofing; þurra skíða ok þakinna næfra, Hm. 59; við ok næfrar ok hálm, Fms. ix. 44; berki ok næfri, Stj. 330; but, berki næfr ok aldini, id.: næfr ok börkr, 77; næfrar skal eigi ljósta til sölu, Gþl. 430; næfrum var þakt um ræfrit, Eg. 90; eldrinn logaði upp í upsina ok svá í næfrina, 238; gengu þá klæði af þeim svá at þeir spenntu næfrum at fótleggjum sér, kölluðu menn þá Birkibeina, Fms. vii. 320.

COMPDS: næfrabaggi, næfrakimbull, næfrakolla, næframaðr, næfrastúka.

II. poët., hildar næfr, ‘war-bark,’ i. e. armour, Km.; nykra borgar næfr or hæings hallar næfr = the ‘bark of the nick-town’ or the salmon hall, i. e. the ice, Lex. Poët.; Sváfnis-sal-næfrar, the roof of the hall of Odin = the shields, Edda (in a verse).

næfra-baggi
Zoëga

m. pack, bundle of birch bark.

Cleasby-Vigfusson

a, m. a bag with n., Fms. ii. 59.

næfra-kimbull

No entry

Cleasby-Vigfusson

m. (see kimbull), N. G. L. i. 101.

næfra-kolla

No entry

Cleasby-Vigfusson

u, f. dried bark.

næfra-maðr
Zoëga

m. a person clad in birch-bark.

Cleasby-Vigfusson

m. the ‘birch-bark man,’ a nickname of an outlaw clad in n., Fas. ii. 258.

næfra-stúka
Zoëga

f. sleeve of birch-bark.

Cleasby-Vigfusson

u, f. a sleeve of n., Fas. ii. 281.

næfr-liga

No entry

Cleasby-Vigfusson

adv. skilfully.

nægð

No entry

Cleasby-Vigfusson

f. plenty, abundance, Stj. 235, freq. in mod. usage.

NÆGJA

No entry

Cleasby-Vigfusson

ð, qs. gnægja (q. v.), [gnógr]:—to be enough, suffice; sem nægir, Dipl. iv. 2; nægir at þeir trúi því sem trúir Heilög kirkja, H. E. i. 519: with dat., sá hefir nóg sér nægja lætr, a saying; hefir hann alla út lukt svá at mér vel nægir, so that I am quite contented, Dipl. iv. 5; lét Brandr sér vel n. fyrir sik ok sína arfa þeir penningar sem, 12.

II. reflex. to suffice; sem nægisk með mjólk ok hunangi, Stj. 259; þóat skírnin nægisk, K. Á. 20; þótti þeim sér ekki nægjask heimrinn, Edda (pref.)

nægr

No entry

Cleasby-Vigfusson

adj. = gnægr, q. v.

NÆLA

No entry

Cleasby-Vigfusson

d, [nál], to stitch.

næli

No entry

Cleasby-Vigfusson

n. [nál], a needle without an eye.

næma
Zoëga

(-da, -dr), v. to bereave, deprive of (n. e-n e-u, lífi, fjörvi).

Cleasby-Vigfusson

d, [nema, námu], to bereave, deprive; næma e-n e-u, fimtán menn fjörvi næmda’k, to bereave of life, Fas. ii. 272 (in a verse); næma aldri, id.; fjörvi næmdu, they took his life, Hlt. (Hkr. i. 173): in the phrase, þat var næmt, it is heard, reported, Fms. vii. 232 (in a verse).

næmi
Zoëga

I) n. study, learning.

II) from nema.

Cleasby-Vigfusson

n. docility, quickness to learn, esp. to learn by heart, of youths.

NÆMR
Zoëga

a.

1) quick at learning;

2) deprived of (= næmdr e-u).

Cleasby-Vigfusson

adj. [nema], hunted, outcast; næmir hvervetna, Sól. 9:—keen, sharp, of a pointed instrument (a needle): contagious, of sickness: touching, hjart-næmr, touching the heart; fast-næmr, firm,

2. quick at learning, esp. of learning by heart, Bs. i. 127; hann er vel næmr, flug-næmr, or treg-næmr, ó-næmr; næmr á kver, nú er eg kominn hér, Stef. Ól.

næm-leikr
Zoëga

m. quickness to learn.

Cleasby-Vigfusson

m. = næmi, Sks. 265.

NÆPA

No entry

Cleasby-Vigfusson

u, f. [A. S. næpe; Engl. -nip in turnip; Lat. napus], a turnip; næpum ok ertrum, H. E. i. 395; næpna-reitr, a turnip-bed, Gþl. 544.

NÆR
Zoëga

adv. and prep. with dat.

1) near, in the vicinity (of);

~ eða fjarri, near or far;

~ staddr, present;

brautu ~, near the road;

~ því sem, neara the place where (þar í nesinu, ~ því sem þingit hafði verit);

þar ~, in the vicinity (sveinarnir hlaupa til skógar, er þar var ~);

2) towards, of time (~ aptni, morni);

3) nearly;

~ átta tigir manna or ~ átta tigum manna, nearly eighty men;

þar kómu menn af ~ öllum löndum, almost from all countries;

~ viku munu við dveljast, we shall stay nearly a week;

4) in accordance with, in conformity to (~ ætla ek þat lögum Íra);

5) near the truth (máttu nú ~ gæta, hvar beina okkarra er at leita);

6) compar., nearer = nærr (ver eigi ~ honum en mál nemi); fitter (væri ~ miklu, at);

7) adv., when, = hve ~ (~ skal mér þat ömbuna? sagði B.);

B. spurði, ~ þeir mundu aptr koma, when they would be coming back.

Cleasby-Vigfusson

adv. used both as positive and comparative of ná-, q. v.; superl. næst; mod. usage makes nær the comparative, nærri the positive, cp. fjar, fjarri, firr, which are analogous: [A. S. and Engl. near; Scot. nar; Dan. nær]:—near:

I. as positive, with dat., brautu nær, near the road, Hm. 71; hjarta nær, 94; borgum nær, Sighvat; nær Heiðabý, Fms. vi. 64 (in a verse); vera nær e-u, to be present at; hvergi nær, nowhere near; vóru þá búendr hvergi nær komnir, Ó. H. 210, Eg. 111, Grág. i. 69; nær eða fjarri, nigh or far, Fms. viii. 346:—nær aptni, near night, towards night, Hm. 97; nær morni, 100:—near, according to, nær ætla ek þat lögum Íra, Ld. 76; er þat nær þínu skapi, Nj. 24.

2. metaph. near, close, sharp; sem þú mátt vánu nær (probably) vita, Sks. 183 B; geta þess sumir til, at þú munir þér þetta eigi nær ætla, folks say that it comes not from thy heart, Fms. xi. 280; Sigurðr þótti nær sér taka þetta bragð, it was cleverly done, vii. 219; cp. taka e-ð nærri sér, to overstrain one’s powers; hann hefir tekið nærri sér, … ok var nær hverjum vænna horfði, it was a drawn game, Nj. …

Shortened here. Read the full article →

NÆRA

No entry

Cleasby-Vigfusson

ð, [akin to Ulf. nisan and nasjan = σώζεσθαι, σώζειν; A. S. genesan; Germ. genesen; as also Germ. nahren, changing s into r]:—to nourish, nurse; ok næra svá sína unga, Sks. 48; næra sín híbýli, 326 B; engi gneisti lífsins má næra mik eðr lífga, Fms. x. 368; synir né nærendr, nourishers, H. E. i. 505:—to nurse, refresh, þeir þógu ok nærðu líkamina, Stj. 237; svá nærir önd mína hunang-fljótandi mál ór munni þínum, Eluc. 55; heldr at næra en slökkva, Sturl. ii. 15.

II. reflex. to take slight food, so as just to keep body and soul together:—to be refreshed, of a sick or faint person, nærðisk hón svá sem frá leið, Fms. vi. 353; hón dreypir víni á varrir þeim ok nærðusk þeir skjótt, Fas. iii. 571.

næring

No entry

Cleasby-Vigfusson

f. nourishment, food, Germ. nahrung, Sks. 48 B, 51, Anecd. 4. næringar-lauss, adj. (-leysi, n.), taking no food, of one sick.

nærri
Zoëga

I)

adv. near, nearer, = nær.

II)

a. compar. (answering to superl. næstr), nearer; more entitled to (þótt þær sé ~ arfi).

Cleasby-Vigfusson

adv. = nær, near, nigh; sitja nærri, Grág. i. 50; ganga nærri, Fms. vi. 112; vera hvergi nærri, vii. 283, Sks. 363 (compar.); nærri túni, Lv. 44; nærri sér, Sks. 363 B.

B. Adj. compar. answering to ná-, nearer, and superl. næstr, nearest; hinn nærri ok hinn norðari partr, Stj, 94; þeir er nærri vóru, Nj. 237: nearly entitled to, þótt þær sé nærri arfi, Grág. i. 204; the compar. is rarely used.

II. superl.,

1. gener. next, next after; þá er næstir búa, Grág. i. 82 B, 115: of time, næstir eptir e-n, Fms. i. 108; þar næst, Eg. 512; enn næsta vetr, the next winter, Ld. 180; inn næsta dag eptir, Grág. i. 57; næstu nótt eptir, Fms. vi. 166; hinn næsta vetr er ek kem til Íslands, ii. 34.

2. also next preceding; hann hafði sekr orðit it næsta sumar (= næsta sumar áðr), Íb. 10; hefir svá fram farit inn næsta mánuð, Fms. iii. 117; á hinum næsta sunnudegi, N. G. L. i. 348; á hinum næsta fundi, Sks. 237; áðr hann fór hit næsta sinn af Noregi, Fms. i. 204; hvar skildisk þú við þetta skeyti næsta sinni (the last time), xi. 71.

III. metaph. nearest in point of right or title; …

Shortened here. Read the full article →

nær-fellt

No entry

Cleasby-Vigfusson

n. adj. as adv. nearly, almost, (mod.)

nær-föt

No entry

Cleasby-Vigfusson

n. pl. under-clothing.

nær-gi
Zoëga

adv., ~ er, ~ sem, whensoever (~ er launat verðr).

Cleasby-Vigfusson

adv. [-gi], whensoever; nærgi er, Korm. (in a verse), Grág. i. 154, ii. 124; nærgi sem launat verðr, Nj. 77.

nær-gætinn

No entry

Cleasby-Vigfusson

adj. = nærgætr.

nær-gætni

No entry

Cleasby-Vigfusson

f. ‘guessing true,’ guessing what a person can bear and perform, with the notion of kindness, opp. to exaction.

nær-gætr
Zoëga

a. guessing near the truth.

Cleasby-Vigfusson

adj. ‘guessing true,’ Eb. 262, Fs. 45, 54, Nj. 254.

nær-göngull
Zoëga

a.

1) vera ~ e-m, to be near about one’s person;

2) troublesome, importunate.

Cleasby-Vigfusson

adj.; vera n. e-m, to be near about one’s person, Sks. 279: in a less good sense, to mob, throng one, 361 B.

nær-hæfis

No entry

Cleasby-Vigfusson

adv. nearly, almost.

nær-kominn

No entry

Cleasby-Vigfusson

part. ‘near come to,’ entitled to, Fms. Lx. 250, 345.

nær-kona

No entry

Cleasby-Vigfusson

u, f. a midwife, Stj. 247, 248.

nær-kváma

No entry

Cleasby-Vigfusson

u, f. a coming near, Sks. 38.

nær-kvæmi

No entry

Cleasby-Vigfusson

or -kœmi, f. a ‘coming near to,’ accuracy, Sks. 443, 482 B.

nær-kvæmr

No entry

Cleasby-Vigfusson

or nær-kœmr, adj. close, Stj. 270:—accurate, með nærkæmri visku, Sks. 572 B.

nær-spár
Zoëga

a. prophesying true.

Cleasby-Vigfusson

adj. ‘near-spacing,’ prophesying true, Bárð. 164.

nær-sýnn
Zoëga

a. short-sighted.

Cleasby-Vigfusson

adj. short-sighted, Sturl. i. 70.

nær-vera
Zoëga

f. presence.

Cleasby-Vigfusson

u, f. presence, Hkr. iii. 276.

nær-verandi
Zoëga

pr. p. present.

Cleasby-Vigfusson

(-verandis), part. being present, Th. 77, Fms. v. 200.

næst
Zoëga

adv. superl.

1) nearest, next;

~ Skotlandi, nearest to Scotland;

því ~, þessu ~, þar ~, next to that, thereafter, thereupon;

2) last (er nú úhœgra en ~ þá er ek beidda);

3) nearest the truth (vil ek, at þér reynit, hverir munu ~ sét hafa).

Cleasby-Vigfusson

1. superl.; næst bæ Arinbjarnar, Eg. 515; næst Skotlandi, 267; næst skapi, nearest to one’s mind; þar næst Gunnarr, Nj. 240, and temp., Grág. i. 242;—temp. next, last, næst er ek beidda, Sd. 187; næst nýs, next before, just before, Hkv. 2. 7: er næst ræddum vit um, Sks. 239; því næst, þessu næst, next in turn, Fms. i. 118, vi. 144, Ísl. ii. 209; vil ek at þit reynit hverir munn næst séð hafa, who have seen closest, i. e. truest, Fms. xi. 284.

2. adv. next; í næst, Edda 103.

næsta
Zoëga

I)

adv.

1) nearly, almost (urðu göngumenn ~ at gjalti);

2) rather, very (n. gamall, glaðr).

II)

f. the last time, only in dat. with the art., næstunni.

Cleasby-Vigfusson

1. u, f. the last time; næstunni, Fms. iii. 140.

2. adv. the next time, last; kom svá næsta, at Ljótr lét þau orð um munn fara, Háv. 51: very, næsta gamall, very old, Þórð. 68; næsta glaðr, Vígl. 16; þungt ok mæðisamt næsta, Hm. 125; þeir taka n. at amask við mik, Fs. 32.

næsta-bræðra

No entry

Cleasby-Vigfusson

1. u, f. a female second cousin; ef maðr liggr með næstabraeðru sinni, Grág. i. 345, Bjarn. 50; Þórdísi næstabræðru mína, 52.

2. -bræðri, m., either indecl., the bræðra being a gen. pl., or decl. as a weak noun, second cousins; næstubræðra eigu upp at rísa, Grág. i. 69; þeim mönnum er honum eru firnari en næstabræðri, 285; næstabræðrar, 229; næstabræðrum, ii. 172.

næstr
Zoëga

a. superl.

1) next; Hrútr sat hit næsta honum, sat next him; tók Hrafn lögsögu ~ Úlfljóti, next after U.; hinn næsta vetr, the next winter;

2) next preceding (hann hafði sekr orðit it næsta sumar); næsta sinni, the last time;

3) nearest in point of right or title, best entitled to (vér erum næstir sigrinum).

Cleasby-Vigfusson

see nærri B.

næstum
Zoëga

adv. next before, the last time (svá skildum vér ~).

Cleasby-Vigfusson

adv. next before, the last time; hví heldr nú en næstum? Sks. 541; svá skildum vér næstum, Nj. 49; svá reiðr sem jarl var næstum, 134; næstum er vér komum á yðvarn fund, Fas. iii. 98, Fms. vi. 245, 370, Nj. 226, Eg. 411.

nætingr

No entry

Cleasby-Vigfusson

m. a bird, the nightingale (?), a απ. λεγ., Edda (Gl.)

nætr-
Zoëga

gen. from nátt, nótt.

Cleasby-Vigfusson

gen., see nótt C.

nættr
Zoëga

a., in compds., as ‘einnætr’.

Cleasby-Vigfusson

adj. [nott]; in compds, ein-nættr, þrí-n., one, three nights old.

nöðru-kyn

No entry

Cleasby-Vigfusson

n. a generation of vipers, N. T.

nöðru-ætt

No entry

Cleasby-Vigfusson

f. = nöðrukyn, 625. 90.

NÖF
Zoëga

(gen. nafar, pl. nafar and nafir), f.

1) nave of a wheel;

2) the pole of the world;

3) esp. pl. clasps, rings (by which the projecting ends of beams at the corneres of walls were held together).

Cleasby-Vigfusson

f., pl. nafar. later nafir, [A. S. nafu], the clasps, naves, rings by which the projecting ends of beams at the corners of walls were welded together, and when they were torn or broken the wall gave way; þeir skutu öðrum endanum út í hyrninguna svá hart, at nafarnar (nafarnir Ed.) hrutu af fyrir utan, ok hlupu í sundr veggirnir, Eg. 91; þeir hlupu þá á veggina svá at af gengu nafarnar af timbr-stokkunum, Fas. ii. 43 (Hálfs S. in Bugge’s Ed., Cod. nafarnir); hann átti lokrekkju görva af timbr-stokkum ok brutu berserkirnir þegar upp svá at af gengu nafarnar fyrir útan, Eb. 41 new Ed.

2. a wheel-nave; hann kallar bauginn nöf hjólsins, Edda.

3. metaph. the pole of the world; tveir eru hvirflar heimsins er fornir spekingar kölluðu nöfina nörðri ok ena syðri, Pr. 476.

4. hjól-nöf, a wheel-nave; baug-nöf, the ‘circle-nave’ of a shield, Bragi: the phrase, vera kominn á fremstu nöf, on the uttermost verge, brink (in extremis), at the end of one’s resources.

nögl

No entry

Cleasby-Vigfusson

f. a nail; see nagl.

nökkor

No entry

Cleasby-Vigfusson

adv., qs. ne-hvar or ne-veit-hvar, somewhere, very freq. in old writers, somewhere, anywhere; to this word belong the references under nekkverr, B. IV. 3, p. 452; to which add,—hér nökkur, Fb. i. 73; nökkur lands eða lagar, Al. 107. In mod. usage this word has become obsolete and is replaced by einhvers-staðar; the explanation given under nekkverr, B. IV. 3, must be altered accordingly, and the words ‘somewhat, may be’ struck out.

NÖKKURR
Zoëga

indef. pron.

1) any, anybody (fyrst vill hann spyrja, ef ~ er fróðr maðr inni); after a negative (á øngum bœ fannst ~ maðr);

2) opp. to engi, some (þeir fengu nöllira njósn af ferð Ástríðar); neut., nökkut, something, somewhat, anything (ef þér þykkir ~ veitt í lígjöf þinni); hann spurði, ef þar væri ~ manna, he asked if there were any men there; nökkurs til þungr, somewhat (rather) too heavy; svá nökkuru (nökkvi) about; svá nökkuru mun yðvar leita farit lengi, about so long will they seek you; nökkuru fyrir dag, a while before day-light;

3) some, a certain; maðr ~, a certain man; um dag nökkurn, a certain day; nökkura hríð, nökkurt (nakkvart) skeið, for some time;

4) the pl. added to a numeral, about, some (nökkur sex skip eða sjau; nökkurum tveim sinnum eða þrim).

Cleasby-Vigfusson

nökkvarr, nökkvat, see nekkverr.

nökkverr
Zoëga

pron. = nökkurr.

Cleasby-Vigfusson

m. a απ. λεγ. in a dub. passage, a nick (= nykr?),—nökkvers nökkvi, the nick’s coble = the stone, the rock (?), lasta lauss er lifnaði á nökkvers nökkva Bragi, when the guileless Bragi was left on the rock, Stor. 3; cp. hann tók dvergana, ok flytr þá á sæ út, ‘ok setr þá í flæðarsker,’ Edda 48.

nökkvi
Zoëga

I)

m. boat, skip (hafð þá Hymir út skotit nökkvanum).

II)

some, old neut. dat. from nökkurr = nökkuru; esp. somewhat (~ lengra, ~ síðarr).

Cleasby-Vigfusson

a, m.; in the phrase, þungr sem ‘nökkvi,’ or nökkva-þungr, of things like hay soaked with water or the like. This word can hardly be related to nökkvi, a boat; we think it is qs. n-ökkvi, cp. ökkr and ökvast, ‘þungr sem einn ökvi’ rapidly pronounced sem ‘nökvi, the n being taken from the preceding word, as in njóli (jóll, p. 326, col. 2).

NÖKKVI
Zoëga

I)

m. boat, skip (hafð þá Hymir út skotit nökkvanum).

II)

some, old neut. dat. from nökkurr = nökkuru; esp. somewhat (~ lengra, ~ síðarr).

Cleasby-Vigfusson

a, m. [A. S. naca; O. H. G. nakko; Germ. nachen = biremis]:—a small boat rowed with a pair of sculls, a cock-boat, Edda 35 (the fishing-boat of Hymir the giant), 38 (of Balder’s ship); þeir sá mann einn róa frá hafi útan á einum nökkva, … hann kastaði árunum ok hvelfði nökkvanum undir sér, Fms. i. 180, 182 (cp. the verse 181), Fas. ii. 232, 233, 236 (of the giant’s boat); stein-nökkvi, a stained, painted boat (?), (not a stone boat), 231, Bárð. 3 new Ed.; hann sá at maðr reri útan ór Kaldár-ósi á járnnókkva, Landn. 78 (of an apparition): nökkva-maðr, m. a man wbo rows a nökkvi, a sculler, Fms. ii. 180.

nökleikr

No entry

Cleasby-Vigfusson

(-leiki), m. nakedness, Stj. 34, 35.

nökviðr

No entry

Cleasby-Vigfusson

adj., thus in old vellums, or also contr. nökðan; spelt with ey, neyqþan, Am. (Bugge); the true form is a single k, cp. mod. nakinn, not nakkinn, yet neycquiþr in Hm. 49, and necquiþ in Skv. l. c. (Bugge): contr. forms, nekðir (n., pl. m.), Eluc. 26, MS. 625. 66; nökðir, Eluc. 46; neykðra, Sks. l. c.: mod. nakinn, nakin, nakið, gen. nakins, but pl. naktir: [Ulf. naqaþs = γυμνός; A. S. nacod; Engl. naked; O. H. G. nachat; Germ. nackt; Dan. nögen; Lat. nudus, qs. nugdus]:—naked; lík skal eigi nökkvið niðr grafa, K. Þ. K. 24; vit nökvið hjún, Sks. 504 B; vera nökvið, Stj. 36; at þau sá sik nekvið, Eluc. 27, Maríu S. Egypt, passim; nökðra lima, Sks. 536 B; þegja (thus, as required both by sense and alliteration, not segja) skal þurs ef hann sitr nökviðr við eld, a saying, cp. ‘not to speak of a rope in a hanged man’s house,’ Ísl. ii. 317; neiss er nökviðr halr (a saying, see neiss), Hm.; hón var nökvið, Eb. 97, v. l. 2 new Ed., but nökt in the text; þeir létu þá síga nökða í vök, 623. 33; klæddir eða nökðír, Eluc. 46:—metaph. of a sword, nökvið sverð, naked swords, Skv. 3. 4; nökðan mæki, Am. …

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nöldr

No entry

Cleasby-Vigfusson

n. a murmuring: nöldra, að, to murmur, grumble.

nöllra

No entry

Cleasby-Vigfusson

að, = gnöllra, Þiðr. 245.

nölta

No entry

Cleasby-Vigfusson

t, to shiver from cold, Lex. Poët.

NÖP

No entry

Cleasby-Vigfusson

f. [napr, nepja], chilliness; e-m er í nöpinni við e-n, to bear malice against one, feel hurt and offended.

nörðri
Zoëga

= nyrðri, more north.

Cleasby-Vigfusson

nörðstr, see nyrðri, nyrðstr.

Nörfi

No entry

Cleasby-Vigfusson

a, m. the giant of that name, the son of Loki, Stor.; see Narfi; Nörva-sund = Njörvasund, q. v.

nörtr

No entry

Cleasby-Vigfusson

m. a nickname, Bs. i. 499; cp. narta.

NÖS
Zoëga

(gen. nasar, pl. nasar and nasir), f. nostril, esp. pl. nostrils, nose;

bregða e-u fyrir nasar e-m, to put it before one’s nose;

draga nasir at e-u, to snuff, smell at a thing;

stinga ~um niðr, to fall upon one’s face, bite the dust;

lúka ~um, to shut the nostrils, die.

Cleasby-Vigfusson

f., pl. nasar, mod. nasir; an s has been dropped, as may be seen from snös, berg-snös (q. v.), as also from Dan. snuse = to smell; [cp. Engl. nose; Germ. nase; Lat. nasus and nares]:—the nostrils, the nose as the organ of smelling, also of the front of the nose; nasar þessa líkams skyldu vera erchidjáknar, þeir skyldu þefja ok ilma allan sætleik, Anecd.; opnar eru nasarnar, Nj. 154; eldar brenna ór augum hans ok nösum, Edda 41; svá at blóð hrjóti ór munni eðr nösum, Grág. ii. 11; bregða e-u fyrir nasar e-m, to put it before one’s nose, Korm. 34; setja hnefa á nasar e-m, Ld. 36; höggit kom á nasir honum ok brotnaði nefit, Fms. iii. 186; fölr um nasar, pale-nebbed, Alm. 2; taka fyrir nasar e-m, Fs. 141; draga nasir at e-u, to snuffle, smell at a thing, Ísl. ii. 136; stinga nösum í feld, to cover the face in one’s cloak, Sighvat; stinga nösum niðr, to bite the dust, Fms. iii. 189; ef herra þinn lýkr nösum, has his nostrils shut, ceases to breathe, dies, Str. 27; áðr en ek lýk nösum, Þórð. 31 new Ed.; þér mun verða annat eins áðr en lýkr nösum, thy nostrils will be closed before that, a ditty, see the remarks to nábjargir; …

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nös-gás

No entry

Cleasby-Vigfusson

f. a kind of goose, Gsp.: mod. bles-önd = anas.

nötra

No entry

Cleasby-Vigfusson

að, = gnötra (q. v.), Sd. 169.