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u, f. a hen (?), Edda ii. 488.
(gen. -s, dat. kaðli; pl. kaðlar), m. cable, rope.
m., dat. kaðli, [prob. like Engl. cable, borrowed from mid. Lat. capulum, caplum; the word perhaps denotes twisted ropes, for in olden times the Scandinavians made their cables of walrus skin, svörðr]:—a cable, esp. as a naut. term, Fms. ii. 279, vii. 82, 283, Ó. H. 28, Fas. ii. 543, Gullþ. 8, passim.
n. a plunge into water, dive, diving;
fær hann annat ~ at öðru, he gets one plunge after another;
taka ~, to dive under water;
á ~, í ~, into water, under water;
hlaupa á ~, to plunge into water;
fara í ~, to go under water;
á ~i, í ~i, under water, diving;
of snow, lágu hestarnir á ~i í snjónum, the horses stuck deep in the snow;
standa á ~i to sink deep (øxin stóð á kafi).
n. [akin to kvef, kóf, kæfa (q. v.), dropping the v]:—a plunge into water, a dive, diving; fær hann þá annat kaf at öðru, one dive after another, Fb. ii. 215; á kaf and í kaf, into water, under water; hlaupa á kaf. to plunge into water, dive, Fs. 48, Eg. 123, Fms. vi. 318, vii. 224, passim; sigla skip í kaf, ii. 64; fara í kaf, to go under water, duck, Bs. i. 355: as also of land covered with water or flooded, or even covered with snow, passim; falla í kaf, færask ymsir í kaf, they ducked one another, Fb. ii. 215; á kafi and í kafi, under water, diving, swimming, Bs. i. 355, Eg. 387, Fms. iii. 4, vii. 232, xi. 383, Grág. ii. 309: of snow, lágu hestarnir á kafi í snjónum svá at draga varð upp, Eg. 546: also metaph., standa á kafi, to sink deep, so as to be hidden, of a weapon in a wound; öxin stóð á kafi, Fms. vi. 424; kom annat hornit á kviðinn, svá at þegar stóð á kafi, Eb. 326: opp. to these phrases is, koma upp úr kafi, to emerge, Stj. 75; enda, hætta í miðju kafi, to end or break off abruptly (in mediis rebus), metaphor from swimming: plur. köf, gasping for breath, Bjarni 142, (and-köf, choked breath. …
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(að), v. to dive, swim, under water; of a ship, to be swamped in a heavy sea (síðan kafaði skipit).
að, to dive, swim under water, Jb. 403, Eg. 142, Fs. 92, Fms. iii. 4, Stj. 75, Fbr. 100 new Ed., Grett. 131, 141; kafa upp, to emerge, Stj. 249, passim: of a ship, to be swamped in a heavy sea, síðan kafaði skipit, Fas. ii. 492: reflex. to plunge into water, Sks. 116, N. G. L. ii. 284.
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n. a thick fall of snow, freq. in mod. usage; mold-k. kafalds-fjúk, n. id.
n. thick fall of snow.
n. a thick fall of snow, Fms. ix. 233, Bs. i. 442, Fs. 54.
f. thick snow-storm.
f. id., Sturl. i. 212, Fas. ii. 133.
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n. coffee; kaffe-kvern, kaffe-bolli, kaffe-ketill, a coffee-mill, coffee-cup, coffee-pot; derived from the Fr. café through Dan. caffe, and not older than the 18th century, for the satirical poem Þagnarmál of 1728 and Eggert Ólafsson (died 1768) mention tea and tobacco, but not coffee, which came into use in Icel. as a popular beverage not earlier than the end of the 18th century.
m. a piece cut off; tok at leysa ísinn í köflum, the ice began to break up into floes.
a, m. [akin to kefli, q. v.; Swed. bud-kafle], a piece cut off; esp. a buoy fastened to a cable, net, or the like, Gþl. 427, 428; meðal-kafli, a ‘mid-piece,’ a sword’s hilt.
2. metaph., tók at leysa ísinn köflum, the ice began to thaw into floes, Þórð. 11 new Ed.: in mod. usage, köflum and með köflum (adverb.), now and then, ‘in bits.’
II. mod. a piece, bit, episode, and the like; lesa lítinn kafla, miðkafli, a ‘mid-piece.’
(að), v. to be suffocated, choked, in water, smoke, etc. (~ í sandfoki, í stofureyk).
að, (older form kvafna, Sks. 108), to be suffocated, choked, in water, steam, or the like; kafna af sandfoki, Al. 50; sögðu at Kvásir hefði kafnat í mannviti, Edda 47; k. í stofu-reyk, Grett. 116: of light, to be extinguished, Sks. 208: of a horse, kafna eðr springa, Fas. iii. 74.
f. suffocation.
f. suffocation, Bs. i. 18.
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f. submersion, Thom. 495.
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ð, to duck another, Mag. 77.
f. going under water, ducking.
f. a ducking, Þórð. 11 new Ed.
pp. deep-laden.
part. deep-laden, of a ship, Ó. H. 115, Bs. ii. 81.
n. deep snow.
n. a deep snow-drift, Eg. 74, Fms. viii. 400, ix. 366, v. l.
a. sinking deep in the snow (var svá mikill snjór, at allt var kafhleypt).
adj. impassable, of snow, Fagrsk. 186.
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adj. crimson red, of the cheeks.
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t, = kaffæra.
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f. a diving, a plunge, Gþl. 174, Mar.
f. swimming under water.
n. a dive, Hkr. iii. 323, v. l.
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n. a plunge into deep snow.
a. good at swimming under water.
adj. good at diving, Fms. vii. 120.
a. very thick (of fog, sn ow-storm, etc.).
adj. thick, foggy; veðr kafþykkt ok drífanda, Sturl. iii. 50.
(að), v. to bend forward and peep, pry (hón kagar hjá gáttinni).
að, [kaga, Ivar Aasen; cp. Old. Engl. kyke (Chaucer); Scot. keek; Germ. kucken; Dan. kige]:—to bend forward and peep, pry, gaze; hón kagar hjá gáttinni, Fbr. 18, v. l.; kom út maðr ok kagaði hjá dyrrum, Fs. 42; kaga upp í himin, Hom. 89; hjartans augum til hans kaga, 90; köguðu til hans óframliga, Niðrst. 5; see kögla.
m. keg, cask, a nickname.
a, m. [Engl. cag or keg; Swed. kagge; mid. Lat. caga, whence Engl. cage; the Dutch and Low Germ. kaag and kag = a ship used in rivers and canals]:—a keg, cask, Bs. i. 790, freq.: a nickname, Bs.
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u, f. [Engl. cake; Dan. kage; Swed. kaka; Germ. kuchen]:—a cake; eitt köku-korn, a little cake, Vitae Patrum (Unger); freq. in mod. usage.
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a, m. a nickname, Sturl.; [cp. Germ. kachel, O. H. G. chachala]: = an earthen pot; whence the mod. kakal-ofn, m., Germ. kachel-ofen, an oven, prop. of clay.
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a, m. a potter, Germ. kachler; kakari minn ertú ok skjól mitt, Guð minn, 623. 30, with reference to Rom. ix. 20, 21 (?).
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að, [Germ. kachen], to heap up in a mess or lump, e. g. of wet hay; að kakka saman blautu heyi; cp. kökkr, a lump.
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a, m. a basin; in vatn-kakki, Korm.
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n. a lump.
(kell, kól, kalinn), v. impers., mik kell, I freeze, become frost-bitten (kalinn á fótum); e-n kell í hel, one freezes to death.
pret. kól, kólu; pres. kell, mod. kelr; part. kalinn: [cp. Engl. chill, cool; Germ. kühl]:—to freeze, esp. impers. of limbs to be numb and dead from frost; ok er sveininn (acc.) tók at kala, Landn. 77, v. l.; ok kól hana í hel, she froze to death, Sd. 143; svá at þik kali, Fas. i. 30; alla kól þá um nóttina, 78; kell mik í höfuð, Vkv. 29; mik tekr nú at kala, en mér var heitt fyrir stundu, Fb. ii. 112; var bæði at hann kól mjök ok hungraði, en veiddi ekki, Bs. i. 350; hann var kalinn á fótum svá at af leysti sumar tærnar, Orkn. 432, Sturl. iii. 198; hann kól sem aðra hundtík, Fs. 71; ok mun þik kala ef ek sit svá lengi ok útarliga sem ek em vanr, Edda 35; dýrit var kalit á fyrra fæti, Fs. 179; kalit í hel, frozen to death, Fær. 185; sveinar tveir, veslingar, kalnir ok máttdregnir, 42; á kné kalinn, Hm. 3; kalinn ok klæðlauss, Fas. iii. 8; klæða kalna, O. H. L. 22:—part. kalinn [= Germ. kahl], of a field barren from cold or frost.
II. naut., of a sail, to lose the wind; seglið (acc.) kelr, whence kalreip, q. v.
(að), v. to become cold; impers. to blow cold; ~r af boðafallinu, a gust of cold wind came from the breakers.
1. að, to become cold, Bs. ii. 148: to blow cold, án dvöl kaldar af boða-fallinu, a gust of cold air arose, Bs. ii. 49; en þar kaldar í mót af Sighvati, 112.
2. u, f. a fever with cold fits, an ague: also köldu-sótt, f., N. T.
m. sardonic laughter.
m. sardonic laughter, Nj. 176; see hlátr.
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n. pl. a law phrase, ‘cold-ashes;’ göra kaldakol á jörðu, to make the hearth cold, to desert a farm, punishable on the part of a tenant, Gþl. 339, Jb. 210, cp. Hænsa Þ. S. ch. 9.
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n. cold light, ignis fatuus (?), a nickname, Sturl.
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a, m. a cold, chilly breeze.
a.
1) cold; kalt veðr, cold weather; brenna (e-t) at köldum kolum, to burn to cold ashes; konungi gørði kalt, the king began to get cold;
2) baneful, hostile, cruel (köld eru kvenna ráð).
adj., köld, kalt; compar. kaldari; superl. kaldastr; [from kala, as aldr from ala, galdr from gala, stuldr from stela: Goth. kalds; A. S. ceald; Engl. cold; Dutch kolt; Germ. kalt; Swed. kall; Dan. kold; common to all Teut. languages; cp. Lat. gelu, gelidus]:—cold; kalt jarn, cold iron, Fb. ii. 197; kalt veðr, Fms. v. 178, viii. 306; kaldr nár, Pass. 44. 7; ef maðr grefr lik áðr kalt er, K. Þ. K. 26; líkin vóru enn eigi köld, Fms. iv. 170; svá sem kalt stóð af Niflheimi, Edda; köld kol, cold coals, ashes, = kalda kol, Fb. i. (in a verse); brenna at köldum kolum, to be burnt to cold ashes, utterly destroyed, Fms. xi. 122, passim.
2. impers., e-m er kalt, one is cold; mér er kalt á höndunum, fútum …, Orkn. 326 (in a verse); konungi görði kalt, the king began to get cold, Fms. v. 178.
3. acc., kaldan as adv.; blása kaldan, to blow cold, Sks. 216: ís-kaldr. ice-cold; hel-k., death cold; svið-k., burning cold; ú-k., not cold; hálf-k., half cold; sár-k., sorely cold.
II. metaph. cold, chilling, baneful, fatal, Lat. …
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part. malignant, cunning.
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að, to hammer (iron) cold.
adv. coldly.
adv. coldly, Sks. 230.
a. cold.
adj. cold, Sks. 230.
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m. cold-mouth, a nickname, Landn.
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m. ‘cold-neb,’ poët. an anchor fluke, Fms. vi. (in a verse).
a. evil-minded, ill-affected.
adj. cunning, Sturl. i. 104, Hkr. iii. 452.
a. ‘cold-ribbed’, cold-hearted, cunning.
part. ‘cold-ribbed,’ scheming, cunning, Vþm. 10.
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part. ‘cold-curled,’ covered with icicles, Sks. 230.
n. pl. ‘cold words’, sarcasm.
n. ‘cold-words,’ sarcasm, Fb. i. 214, ii. 78.
(-s, -ar), m. cup, chalice.
m., Fms. iii. 28, vii. 198, Dipl. ii. 11, Fs. 115, Bs. i. 76; kalíkr, Hom. 139, B. K. 83; mod. kaleikr, the chalice, Matth. xxvi. 27, Mark xiv. 23, Luke xxii. 20, 1 Cor. xi. 24–27, Vídal. passim; see kalkr below.
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m. [Lat. calendae], the kalends, Stj. 471.
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a, m. a cold gush: metaph. coldness, unkindness.
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n. [A. S. cealc; Engl. chalk], chalk, (mod.)
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að, to chalk, lime: kalkaðr, limed, Konr.
(-s, -ar), m. drinking-cup, goblet (~ er þú skalt drekka af).
m. [borrowed from Lat. calix; A. S. calic and calc; Engl. chalice; O. H. G. chelih; Germ. kelk; Dan.-Swed. kalk; the word came in with Christianity from the Engl.; for, though it occurs in ancient poems, none of these can be older than the Danish settlement in England: the form kalkr is used in a heathen sense, whereas the later form kaleikr is used in the ecclesiastical sense only]:—a chalice, cup, goblet, it occurs in the poems Hým. 28, 30, 32, Akv. 30, Rm. 29, Skv. 3. 29; hrím-kalkr, Ls. 53; silfr-k., a silver cup, Hkr. i. 50; nú er hér kalkr, er þú skalt drekka af, eptir þat tók hann kalkinn, þá var enn eptir í kalkinum, er hann hafði af drukkit kalkinum, Gullþ. 7; nú tók hann kalkinn ok hönd hennar með, Hkr. i. 50.
n.
1) call, cry, shouting (heyra ~ mikit);
2) appellation, name (þeir nefna hann jarl enn illa, var þetta ~ haft lengi síðan).
n. a call, cry, shouting; óp ok kall, Nj. 236; heyra kall mikit, Fs. 179; með hátíðligu kalli, Sks. 748; kall ok eggjan, Ó. H. 215; kall ok lúðra-þytr, Þiðr. 324.
2. a calling on; Eyjólfr heyrir kallit, ok lítr við, Fbr. 61 new Ed.; eigi skaltú herstask á annan mann í kalli þínu, Hom. 16.
3. a call, name; nefna jarl enn ílla … var þat kall haft lengi síðan, Hkr. i. 254; þessi eru at kalli (are by name, are called) in mestu ref-hvörf, Edda (Ht.)
II. eccl. a call, cure of souls, (cp. Scot. ‘call’ of a minister); kjól ok kall, Dan. præste-kald, mod.
2. a claim; kalls-lauss, adj. free from claim, Fms. ix. 409.
(að), v.
1) to call, shout, cry (~ði konungr ok bað létta af);
2) to call, summon by a call, send for (um kveldit ~ði konungr Áslák);
3) to say (sumir menn ~, at eigi sé sakleysi í);
at ~, so to say, nominally;
sáttir at ~, nominally reconciled;
4) ~ sér e-t, to claim for oneself (konungr ~ði sér allar Orkneyjar);
5) to call, name (Mörðr hét maðr, er ~ðr var gígja);
6) refl., ~st, to say of oneself;
konungr ~ðist hann reynt hafa at góðum dreng, the king said that he had found him a good and brave fellow;
7) with preps.:
~ at e-m, to call to one;
~ á e-n, to call to one (Flosi gekk þá at durum ok ~ði á Njál); to call on, invoke (~ði hann á guð ok hinn helga Ólaf);
~ á e-t, to lay claim to (Snækollr ~ði á bú nökkur þar í eyjunum);
~ eptir, to protest;
~ e-n eptir e-m, to call or name after;
~ til e-s, to call to, invoke (~ til guðs); to lay claim to, to claim, demand (Snorri ~ði þá til brynju sinnar);
~ til e-s við e-n, í hendr e-m, to claim a thing from one.
að, with neg. suff., pres. kalliga, I call not, Gkv. 3. 8; kallar-a, Akv. 37; [an A. S. ceallian occurs once in the poem Byrnoth, and hilde-calla in Exodus, but in both instances the word is Danish; the word however occurs in O. H. G. challon, mid. H. G. kalle, but only in the sense to talk loud, and it is lost in mod. Germ.]:—to call, cry, shout; hver er sá karl karla er kallar um váginn? Hbl. 2; kallaði konungr ok bað létta af, Eg. 92; þá kölluðu allir ok mæltu, 623. 26; bónda-múgrinn æpti ok kallaði, Fms. i. 21; kalla hátt, Sturl. ii. 203; ek em rödd kallanda í eyðimörk, φϊνη βοωντος εν τη ερήμω, 625. 90; kalla kaldri röddu, Akv. 2: of the raven’s cry, hrafn hátt kallaði, Bkv. 11; hann kallaði þegar, bað þá eigi flýja, Fms. viii. 142; Þórir kallaði út á skipit, Ó. H. 136; þá lét hann kalla skip frá skipi, 182; þá kallaði Erlingr ok hét á lið sitt, id.
2. to call, send for; síðan lét konungr kalla bændr, ok sagði at hann vill eiga tal við þá, Ó. H. 109; gékk hann til húsþings síns ok lét þangat kalla menn Svía-kouungs, 45; um kveldit kallaði konungr Áslák, Fms. vii. 161; konungr lét kalla til sín þá bræðr, Eg. …
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or köllun, f. a call, vocation, freq. in mod. and eccl. usage.
m. crier, herald.
a, m. a crier, herald, Stj. 604: as a law term, a kind of beadle or town clerk, N. G. L. i. 306, ii. 251.
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m., mod. kalldór, a kind of iron, Merl. 2. 95.
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n. [kaldr II], taunting, sarcasm, raillery, Bs. i. 793, ii. 93, Þorst. St. 49, Fms. ii. 268, v. 231, Pass. 30. 7, Stj. 163, 218, Barl. 60: vituperation, Bs. i. 686.
II. [kalla], a claim, Dipl. ii. 13, Karl. 52, Fms. vi. 371. kallz-yrði, n. pl. gibes, Fms. vi. 194.
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að, to taunt, mock, Barl. 60, Bs. ii. 37, Stj. 16, 216, Fas. ii. 344: to vituperate, Stj. 254: to molest, Dipl. i. 3, Stj. 199.
II. [kalla], to call on; hví kallsar þú eða kallar upp á mik? Stj. 286: to claim, demand, hinn kallsaði þá fæðsluna at fá, 161.
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n., qs. kaldbak, Cold-back, name of a mountain, whence Kall-baklingar, m. pl. the men of C., Landn.
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a, m. Cold-beard, name of a giant, Edda (Gl.)
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or kald-rani, a, m. a taunt, sarcasm. kaldrana-legr, adj. sarcastic.
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f. a calling to service, H. E. i. 392.
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að, = kólna, (mod.)
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n. [kala II], a rope attached to a sail, so as to prevent it from shaking out the wind.
(-s, pl. kamrar), m. privy.
m., dat. kamri, [O. H. G. chamara; Gr. καμάρα; whence Engl. chamber, etc.]:—a privy, Eb. 120, Grág. ii. 119, Sturl. ii. 95, 101, Landn. 247, Fb. iii. 567 (in a verse), Þiðr. 77, Mar.
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n. a nickname, prob. Gaelic, Landn. 47.
m. comb-maker.
a, m. a comb-maker, N. G. L. ii. 204, iii. 2, 10; a nickname, Fb. iii.
(-s, -ar), m.
1) comb;
2) carding-comb;
3) crest, comb;
4) ridge (of hills).
m. [A. S. camb; Engl. comb; O. H. G. champ; Germ. kamm; Dan. kam]:—a comb, Dipl. iii. 4; ladies used to wear costly combs of walrus-tusk or gold, whence the place in Icel. at which Auda lost her comb was called Kambsnes; þau lendu við nes þat er Auðr tapaði kambi sínum; þat kallaði hón Kambsnes, Landn. III; eigi berr hann kamb í höfuð sér, Þiðr. 127; see Worsaae, No. 365.
2. a carding-comb (ullar-kambr), Grett. 91 A, Fb. i. 212.
II. a crest, comb, Al. 171; hreistr-k. (q. v.), hana-k., a cock’s crest, cp. Gullin-kambi, Gold crest, Vsp.
2. a crest, ridge of hills; malar-kambr, a ridge on the beach, Háv. 48 (where spelt kampr), Grág. ii. 354; as also bæjar-kambr, the front wall of a house.
III. freq. in local names, Kambr, of crags rising like a crest, Landn., Finnb. ch. 27.
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m. a nickname, Fær. 14.
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m., proncd. kampungr, a ‘comb-purse:’ in mod. usage, a letter-bag.
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m. a law term, a scar in the head, such as to cause pain when the hair is combed, N. G. L. i. 68.
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n. [for. word], camelot or camlet, Karl. 60.
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m. [for. word], a camel, Karl. 502; usually úlfaldi, q. v.
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n. a chamber, room, privy, (mod.)
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að, to devour, used of a whiskered wild beast.
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a, m. a bearded person, Sturl. ii. 50 (Bs. ii. 109): as a nickname, Sturl. iii. 185, Fs.
(-s, -ar), m.
1) beard on the lips, moustache;
2) the whiskers (of a seal);
3) front wall. Also ‘kanpr’.
and kanpr, m. a beard, moustache; stutt skegg ok snöggvan kamp, Sks. 288; skegg heitir barð, grön eða kampar, Edda 210; hendi drap á kampa, Hðm. 21; hann hafði bitið á kampinum, Nj. 209; höggva kampa ok skegg, K. Þ. K.; hann (the idol) hafði kanpa af silfri, Fms. x. 386; af könpunum, langa kanpa, hár ok kanpar, Ó. H. 229; efri ok neðri kampr, Fas. ii. 253; því næst hvetr hann that (the spear) svá bat stóð á kanpi, i. e. till it was as keen as a rasor, Krók. 49: the whiskers of a seal, cat, and lion, Fb. i. 462 (of a seal). kamp-loðinn, adj. with long whiskers, of a lion. kampa-síðr, adj. long-bearded, Skíða R. 90, Þryml. 41.
II. a crest or front wall = kambr; var Aron úti hjá duronum, ok stóð við kanpinn er hlaðinn var af vegginum, Bs. i. 544 (Sturl. ii. 86): mod. bæjar-kampr, id.; malar-k.
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m. a dog with whiskers, Sturl. i. 139.
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a, m. a ‘whisker-head,’ Fagrsk. § 174, v. 1. knapp-höfði, q. v.
n. pl. jeering- words.
n. pl. jeering words, Hbl. 12.
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n. = kangin-yrði, (mod.)
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n. (kank-yrði), gibes, as also kankast, dep. to jeer, gibe (mod. conversational), akin to kanginyrði.
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adj. jeering, gibing.
I)
(gen. könnu), f. can, tankard.
II)
(að), v.
1) to search, explore (þeir könnuðu landit fyrir austan ána);
~ lið, to review, muster troops;
~ val, to search the field for slain;
~ e-t af, to find out, make out (ferr Brandr biskup norðr á Völlu ok ~r þat af, at);
~ til = ~ af (~ðist svá til, at);
2) refl., ~st við e-t, to recognize, know again (~ðist hón við hann ok kynferði hans); to make one’s acquaintance (Þórólfr hitti þar marga frændr sina þá, er hann hafði eigi áðr við ~zt); to acknowledge (könnuðust þeir við, at þat var sannmæli); to recognize as one’s own (með því at engi ~st við svein þenna); recipr., to recognize one another (síðan könnuðust þau við).
u, f. a mark on cattle; oxi er hans k. væri á, Fs. 173; allt þat sem þeirra kanna leikr er á, D. N. i. 80, 91, iii. 144; see einkanna and einkunn.
I)
(gen. könnu), f. can, tankard.
II)
(að), v.
1) to search, explore (þeir könnuðu landit fyrir austan ána);
~ lið, to review, muster troops;
~ val, to search the field for slain;
~ e-t af, to find out, make out (ferr Brandr biskup norðr á Völlu ok ~r þat af, at);
~ til = ~ af (~ðist svá til, at);
2) refl., ~st við e-t, to recognize, know again (~ðist hón við hann ok kynferði hans); to make one’s acquaintance (Þórólfr hitti þar marga frændr sina þá, er hann hafði eigi áðr við ~zt); to acknowledge (könnuðust þeir við, at þat var sannmæli); to recognize as one’s own (með því at engi ~st við svein þenna); recipr., to recognize one another (síðan könnuðust þau við).
1. u, f., gen. kanna, Snót 172, [A. S. canne; Engl. can; O. H. G. channa; Germ. kanne; Dan. kande; from Lat. cantharus]:—a can, tankard, jug; vín var í könnu, Rm. 29, Stj. 207, Fms. viii. 413 (v. 1.), Dipl. iii. 4; könnu-brot, Pm. 137, Dipl. iii. 4; könnu-stóll, a can-stand, Pm. 113: a measure, Rétt., D. N.
2. að, [kenna = to know, but kanna = to enquire]:—to search; kanna land, of an explorer, to explore a land; þeir könnuðu landit fyrir austan ána, um várit kannaði hann austr landit, Eg. 100, Landn. passim; þykkir maðr við þat fávíss verða ef hann kannar ekki víðarr en hér Ísland, Landn. 310; fara víða um heim at kanna helga staði, Fms. i. 276; kanna heim allan, to travel through all the world, Edda: the phrase, kanna ókunna stigtu, to ‘try unknown ways,’ to travel where one has never been before; kanna ríkra, annara, manna siðu, i. e. to travel abroad, Ld. 164, Fms. i. 276; kanna lið, to review, muster troops, ix. 478, Hkr. i. 23, 30; kanna val, to search the field for slain, Nj. 45, Fms. i. 182.
II. with prep. …
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könnuðr, m. an explorer, Lex. Poët.; land-k., q. v.
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adv. [Dan. kanske], may be! (mod.)
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and kanuki, a, m. [mid. Lat. canonicus; Dan. kanik; Engl. canon]:—a canon of a church, Fms. viii. 376, ix. 532, Bs., H. E., D. I. passim; kanoka klaustr, setr, lifnaðr, vígsla, búningr, a canon’s cloister, seat, order, ordination, dress, Ann. 1295, Bs. passim.
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að, [for. word], to cancel; k. hendr sínar, Stj. 229.
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f. (-byrgi), [A. S. Cantuarbyrig], Canterbury, Bs.
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a, m. in kantara-kápa, u, f. [eccl. Lat. cantare], a bishop’s gown, Fms. viii. 197, Hkr. ii. 175: a priest’s gown, Am. 95, Bs. i. 324, 847. kantara-sloppr, m. id., Bs. i. 324, v. 1.
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kanselleri, a, m., kanceller, m. [mid. Lat. cancellarius], a chancellor, Ann., Bs., Fms. ix, x, Thom.
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m. (mod. kapellan), [mid. Lat. capellanus], a chaplain, Landn. 172, Fms. vii. 311, Bs. passim.
(-s, pl. kaplar), m. pack-horse, hack (naut ok kaplar).
m., pl. kaplar, [Lat. caballus; whence Fr. cheval]:—a nag, hack, in mod. usage also a mare; naut ok kapla, Rd. 284, Pd. 49; þrjú hundrað í köplum, Vm. 32; lifði engi kvik kind eptir nema öldruð kona ok kapall, D. I. i. 246; lestfæran kapal járnaðan ok alfæran, H. E. ii. 505; kapal-lán, lending a k., id. kapal-hestr, m. and kapal-hross, n. = kapall, Eg. 730, Fms. ii. 231.
II. in mod. usage, a truss of hay; fimtán kaplar heys, five trusses, of a known weight or bulk.
f. chapel (~ konungs).
u, f. [for. word], a chapel, K. Á. 36, Symb. 31, Bs. i. 800, H. E. i. 241, Fms. x. 153, Hkr. ii. 390, iii. 69. kapellu-prestr, m. the priest of a chapel, H. E. i. 477, Stat. 247, 266, 307: a chaplain, Bs. 1. 795.
m.
1) chapter;
2) meetingroom in a cloister or convent.
a, m. [Lat. capitulum], eccl. a chapter, Mar., Dipl. iii. 5: a chapter of a book, Grág. i. clxviii: freq. in mod. usage, kapitula-skipti, a new chapter.
n. contest, zeal, eagerness, ardour; deila kappi við e-n, brjóta kapp (halda til kapps) við e-n, to contend, contest, with one; með kappi, with ardour; meirr af kappi en forsjá, with more obstinacy than prudence; berjast af miklu kappi, with great ardour; renna í köpp við e-n, to run a race with.
n. [a word common to all Teut. languages; A. S. camp; O. H. G. champh; Germ. kampf; Swed. and Dan. kamp; in the Icel. the m is assimilated; and in Danish also kap]:—contest, zeal, eagerness, energy, but throughout with the notion of contest, which is the old sense; even in early Germ. kamph is still duellum, whence it came to mean bellum: deila kappi við e-n, to contend, contest with one; megu vér eigi deila kappi við Hrafnkel, Hrafn. 10; þungt get ek at deila kappi við Hrafnkel um múla-ferli, 11; er hann deildi kappi við Þorgrím goða á Þórness-þingi ok við sonu hans, Ísl. ii. 215; deila kappi við konunga, Fagrsk. 10; mikit er upp tekit, ef þú vill kappi deila við Ólaf Svía-konung ok við Knút, Ó. H. 33; ok ætla þér aldri síðan at deila kappi við oss bræðr, Fs. 57, cp. deila I. 4: brjóta kapp við e-n, to wage war against; hæfir þat ekki konungdómi yðrum at brjóta kapp við kvennmenn, Fagrsk. 10, Fms. vii. 45 (in a verse): at halda til kapps ok jafns við þá höfðingjana, Fb. ii. 46; sögðu honum þat betr sama, at halda eigi til kapps við þá Hofs-menn, Fs. 35: kosta kapps um e-t, to strive.
2. …
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m. hero, champion, man of valour (~ mikill, kappar konungs).
a, m. the hand at the back of a bound book.
m. hero, champion, man of valour (~ mikill, kappar konungs).
a, m. [a Teut. word, noticed by Plutarch, Marius ch. 11—κίμβρους ὀνομάζουσι Γερμανοι τους ληστάς; see also kapp]:—a hero, champion, man of valour; konungr sá er kappi þykkir, Hkm. 14; ólusk í ætt þar æztir kappar, Hdl. 17; átti áðr kappi, Am. 98; þá bjó Arnórr í Reykjahlíð, kappi mikill, … ok má af því marka hverr k. hann var, Lv. 3; þessa búð á Þorkell hákr, kappi mikill (cp. Germ. handegen), Nj. 184; eru í Reykjadal kappar miklir? 32; gíslinn var kappi mikill, ok bauð Þangbrandi á pataldr, Bs. i. 9; hverjir berjask skulu móti þess köppum af þeirra liði, Fms. xi. 126.
2. in a special sense, an elect champion, answering to the knight of the Middle Ages; þessir kappar vóru með Haraldi konungi, Fas. i. 379; því var Björn síðan Kappi kallaðr, Bjarn. 11; Hrólf Kraka ok Kappa hans, Fb. ii. 136; með honum (the king) ok hans Köppum, Fas. i. 35: Kappar konungs, 69; Hrólfr konungr ok allir hans Kappar ok stórmenni, 76, 79, 91, 95, 101, 102, 105, 108; Hrólfr konungr býsk nú til ferðar með hundrað manna, ok auk Kappar hans tólf ok berserkir tólf, 77; upp upp, allir Kappar! 100, Skjöld. S. ch. 8, 9 (Fas. i. 379–385); kappa-lið, a troop of champions, warriors, Grett. …
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a. contentious, eager to excel, vehement (harðr ok ~).
adj. full of energy, vigorous, impetuous, Lv. 32; harðr ok k., Bjarn. 48, Sks. 649.
m. man of energy.
m. a man of energy, Eg. 9: headstrong, 710.
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part. well fed, of a horse kept in a stall.
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n. part, bard to pull, difficult, Nj. 100, v. l.
f. drinking-match.
u, f. a drinking-match, Ó. H. 151.
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adj. hard to pull; varð þeim k. í leiknum, it was a hard contest, Bs. i. 620; kvað þeim þetta mundu k., it would be a hard task, Nj. loo.
a. = kappgjarn.
adj. = kappgjarn, Lex. Poët.
f. eagerness, energy.
f. energy; hreysti ok k., Fbr. 116, Fas. i. 119.
a. full of energy and desire to excel.
adj. full of energy and zeal, Fms. vi. 105.
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adj. very good, Merl. 2. 79.
(að), v. to strive, endeavour.
að, to strive, endeavour, Bárð. 176.
m. fighting-match.
m. a fighting-match, Róm. 269 = Lat. certamen.
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u, f. a loop.
n. pl. dispute.
n. a dispute, Ísl. ii. 236, Fms. i. ii, x. 312, Fb. ii. 271.
a. plentiful.
adj. plentiful, Sturl. iii. 88.
a. contentious, wrangling.
adj. wrangling, Flóv. 44.
m. rowing-match.
m. a rowing-match, Fms. x. 312.
adv.
1) impetuously, with energy;
2) abundantly, plentifully;
~ alinn, very well fed.
adv. impetuously, with energy, Fms. x. 356, Sks. 572; richly, abundantly, gcfa k. mat, Ísl. ii. 337, Fb. i. 374; griðungr k. alinn (= kappalinn), Hkr. i. 37.
a.
1) vehement;
2) rich, liberal (kappsamlig veizla).
adj. impetuous, vehement: k. reiði, Sks. 227: rich, liberal, veizla fögr ok kappsamlig, Fms. vi. 182.
a. vehement, impetuous.
adj. pushing, eager, impetuous, Ó. H. 27, Nj. 51; höfðingi mikill, manna kappsamastr, 147; k. ok reiðinn, Eg. 187; k. ok úvæginn, O. H. L. 35.
f. energy, headstrong character.
f. = kappsemi, Eg. 257.
f. energy, headstrong character.
f. energy, headstrong character; k. ok fræknleikr, Bret. 36, Þiðr. 207.
f. sailing-match.
f. a sailing-match, Fms. x. 278, xi. 360.
a. vehement, passionate.
adj. very noble, Am. 74.
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adj. more than sufficient, abundant; k. lið, Bjarn. 71.
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n. [for. word], a kind of cowl or cap, Jb. 187, Sturl. ii. 145, iii. 306, B. K. 98, Siat. 299, D. N. passim.
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or karr, n. the mucus or slime on new-born calves and lambs: metaph., kar er á kampi vorum, kystu mær ef þú lystir, a ditty in a ghost story.
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að, to clean off the kar, as ewes and cows do by licking their young.
II. metaph. to finish off; það er allt ókarrað, ’tis all unlicked into shape, in a rough state; or, það er ekki nema hálf-karað, it is but half finished.
gen. from kör.
see kör.
f. bedridden old woman.
f. an old bedridden carline, Sturl. i. 36.
m. bedridden old man.
m. a bedridden person, Sturl. i. 190, Háv. 50, Clem. 51.
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a, m. [for. word], a carbuncle, Flóv.
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a, m. [for. word], a cardinal, Ann., Bs., Fms, vii, x.
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u, f., or körf, f., [Lat. corbis], a basket; akin to kerfi (q. v.), a bunch, a mod. word, the old being vand-laupr.
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u, f. = karina, Sturl.
I)
m. swift-going ship, galley.
II)
m. red-fish, red sea-perch.
1. a, m. [Engl. carp; O. H. G. charpho; Germ. karpfe], a kind of fish, a carp, Edda (Gl.): so in the phrase, rauðr sem karfi, red as a k., Flor. 71; karfa-rjóðr, blushing like a goldfish.
2. a, m., botan. cumin, freq. in Norway, Ivar Aasen, but in Icel. this old word appears to be lost.
I)
m. swift-going ship, galley.
II)
m. red-fish, red sea-perch.
a, m. [Byzant. Gr. κάραβος; mid. Lat. carabus; Russ. korabl]:—a kind of galley, or swift-going ship, with six, twelve, or sixteen rowers on each side, esp. used on lakes or inlets, Grett. 95, 97; k. fimtán-sessa, Ó. H. 42, 62 (to be used on the lake Mjörs); þeir höfðu karfa þann er réru á borð tólf menn eðr sextán, Eg. 171; Rögnvaldr konungs son átti karfa einn, réru sex (sextán?) menn á borð, 371, 386; karfar þeir sem til landvarnar eru skipaðir, Rétt. 42, Fms. ix. 408, Fb. i. 194; síðan tók hann karfa nokkurn ok lét draga út um eyjarnar þverar, Fms, viii. 377, 424; eikju-karfi, q. v.; they were long, narrow, and light so as to be easily carried over land, valtr karfi, a crank, unsteady karfi, Sighvat; whence the phrase, karfa-fótr, of reeling, tottering steps, Ó. H. 72.
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adj. [mid. H. G. karc; Germ. karg; Dan. karrig], lazy, stubborn, as an ass; hann er svo kargr, heillin mín, hann nennir ekki neitt að gera, látum við strákinn stúdíera, Grönd.
(-s, -ar), m.
1) man, opp. to woman (brigðr er karla hugr konum);
2) a man of the common people, a carle;
3) old man.
m. [a word common to all Teut. languages, although not recorded in Ulf.; A. S. carl, ceorl; Engl. carle, churl; Germ. kerl, etc.]:—a man, opp. to a woman; brigðr er karla hugr konum, Hm. 90; kostum drepr kvenna karla ofríki, Am. 69; often in allit. phrases, karla ok konur, konur ok karlar, etc.; bæði karlar ok konur, Fms. i. 14, Kb. 276, 298; kvenna ok karla, Edda 21; drápu þeir menn alla, unga ok gamla, konur sem karla, Fms. ii. 134, viii. 432; er þat ekki karla at annask um matreiðu, Nj. 48; taldi hón afleiðis þoka kurteisi karlanna, er þá skyldi heita verða fyrir þeim sem óhraustum konum, Bs. i. 340; karlar tólf vetra gamlir eða ellri eru lög-segendr eða lög-sjáendr, Grág. ii. 31; yngri menn en sextán vetra gamlir karlar, eða konur yngri en tuttugu, K. Þ. K.; samborin systir, bæði til karls ok konu, a sister on the father’s and mother’s side, D. N. ii. 528; spurði hvat konu varðaði ef hón væri í brókum jafnan svá sem karlar, Ld. 136; svá er mælt um karla ef þeir klæðask kvenna klæðnaði, Grág. (Kb.) ii. 204.
COMPDS: karlafólk, karlaföt, karlasiðr, karlaskáli, karlavegr, karlsefni, karlsungi.
B. In a political sense, the common folk, opp. …
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n. male folk.
n. male folk; brenndu hann inni ok allt karla-fólk en konur gengu út, Dropl. 4.
n. pl. men’s attire.
n. pl. men’s attire, Bs. i. 653, Sturl. i. 65, Ld. 276, v. l.
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m. Charlemagne; Karlamagnús Saga, the History of Charlemagne, Jm. 32.
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m. habits of men, Grág. i. 338.
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a, m. a room for men, Dipl. v. 18.
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m. the male side, side where the men sit, the right hand in a church, etc., i. e. opp. to kvenna vegr, D. N. iv. 283.
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u, f. a woman; þar fyrir skal hún k. kallask af því hún er af karlmanni tekin, Gen. ii. 23.
adv. in a manly way.
adv. in a manly way, Nj. 144, Fb. ii. 674.
a.
1) manly, bold;
2) masculine (karlmannligt kyn).
adj. masculine, Th. 23, Skálda 185. 2. manly, bold, Fms. vi. 209, Nj. 70, Eg. 322; k. kappi, 623. 33; k. skap, 36, passim.
n. ‘the makings of a man’, a promising lad (as a nickname).
n. a nickname, one who promises to be a doughty man, Landn.
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a, m. a nickname, Sturl. iii. 258.
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m. a full measure, opp. to kvennaskr, a kind of half measure, Jb. 375.
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n. a male child, Stj. 248.
f. pl. the men’s door.
n. pl. the men’s door; in ancient dwellings the wings (skot, set) were occupied, the one side by the men, the other by the women; hence the door leading to the men’s side was termed karldyrr, as opp. to the entry leading to the females’ side, Nj. 14, K. Þ. K. 9, 14 new Ed., Grág. ii. 228.
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n. a male beast, Stj. 71.
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f. a male inheritance, of agnates, N. G. L. i. 49.
a. n. wanting in men-folk (þar var ~ heima).
n. adj. wanting in males; var k. heima, Sturl. i. 142.
m. multitude of male persons.
a, m. a multitude of male persons, Sturl. ii. 144.
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n. common folk, Sighvat.
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m. a male bird, Stj. 77, Pr. 409.
n. pl. men’s attire.
n. pl. male attire, Ld. 276, Grág. i. 338.
a. as good as a man (var hón ok karlgild at afli).
adj., a law term, meaning full, complete; thus karlgildr úmagi means, not a ‘male-úmagi,’ but a ‘complete invalid,’ one who can contribute nothing towards his sustenance, e. g. an infant, a sick or aged person, male or female. The word is a standing term in the old church deeds, where the donor charged the gift with the support of a karlgild úmagi for ever, D. I. passim. The old Swedish laws present the same use of the word, e. g. karlgild mark = good money, money of full value, see Verel. s. v.
m. a carved man’s head, figure-head.
a, m. a carved man’s head, figure head; bað hann Þorgeir reisa þar upp ás, ok skera á karlhöfða á endanum, an effigy ‘in contumeliam,’ Rd. 305; cp. Fs. 56,—Jökull skar karlshöfuð á súlu-endanum ok reist á rúnar; as also Landn. 4, ch. 4: name of a ship with a man’s head carved on her prow, Ó. H.
pp. masculine.
part. masculine, Edda 68.
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f. the male sex, Stj. 74, 115, 283.
n. pl. men’s clothes.
n. pl. men’s clothing, Grág. i. 338, N. G. L. i. 75.
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u, f. false reading for karlmenn, Ld. 136.
m. a (good) match, of a man.
m. a (good) match, of a man, Sturl. i. 207.
n. the male sex.
n. the male kind, Stj. 56.
m. male lineage, agnates.
m. the male lineage, the agnates, Gþl. 244, passim; opp. to kvennleggr.
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adj. masculine, Al. 172.
m.
1) man, male, opp. to kvennmaðr woman (~ ok kona);
2) man of valour (styrkr ok fálátr ok inn hraustasti ~).
m. (spelt karmaðr, N. G. L. i. 50, Eluc. 4), a man, male, opp. to kvenn-maðr, a woman; karlmaðr eða kona, N. G. L. i. 51; sambúð milli karlmanns ok konu, Stj. 21; karlmaðr ok kona, Eg. 247, Ó. H. 152; skal karlmann tólf vetra gamlan eða ellra nefna í dóm, Grág. i. 16; karlmaðr sextán vetra gamall skal ráða sjálfr heimilis-fangi sínu, 147; hann er karlmaðr, því at hann hefir sonu átt við konu sinni, 190; er hann lét eigi aka í skegg sér, at hann væri sem aðrir karlmenn, ok köllum karl inn skegglausa, 67; slíkt víti á honum at skapa fyrir þat á sitt hóf, sem karlmanni, ef hann hefir höfuð-smátt svá mikla at sjái geirvörtur hans berar, Ld. 136; skerask í setgeira-brækr sem karlmenn, id.; gefa karlmanns-verð, a meal for a man, a full meal, D. I. i. 201, Vm. 169.
2. metaph. a man of valour; styrkr ok fálátr ok inn hraustasti karlmaðr, Nj. 177; svá sé ek fara, at flestum bilar áræðit, þóat góðir karlmenn sé, Fms. ii. 31; ef hann þorir, ok sé hann úragr karlmaðr, xi. 94; vér skyldim hafa karlmanns hjarta en eigi konu, 389; k. at lunderni, Bs. i. 709.
II. in a political sense = karl, a ‘churlman,’ a churl, commoner; cp. jarl and jarlmaðr: …
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n. a stout, valiant man; hann er mesta k.
f. manhood, valour.
u, f. manhood, valour, Nj. 176, Fs. 4, Fms. vii. 168, xi. 80, 110, passim; karlmennsku bragð, prowess, iii. 134.
adv. on the male side.
f. ‘carle-sibness,’ relationship by the father’s side, Lat. agnatio, opp. to kvenn-sift, Grág. ii. 176, Fms. i. 220. karlsiftar-maðr, m. an agnate, N. G. L. i. 78.
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n. pl. genitalia, Ver. 70, Mar.
(-s, -ar), m. breast-work, parapet (kastalar ok karmar).
m. [Dan. karm = a frame; vindues-karm, dör-karm = a window-frame, door-frame]:—a closet; slæðu-karmr = vestiarium, Hallfred; öl-karmr, an ale cask, Landn. (in a verse); mjöð-k., a mead cask, Lex. Poët.; bekk-k., a bench frame, couch = Lat. triclinium, id.; kastalar ok karmar, Fms. iv. 49.
2. a cart, B. K. 20, still used in that sense in Dan. and Norse.
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(?), a kind of bird, Edda (Gl.)
(gen. -ar), m. concubinage.
m. [kör = a bed (?)], concubinage; kaupa ambátt til karnaðar, Grág. i. 358.
n. bragging, boasting.
n. bragging; var minna karp þitt meðan Hákon konungr, fóstri minn, lifði, Mork. 139; sýnisk mér sem minna sé nú karp þitt heldr en inn fyrra daginn, O. H. L. 27.
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að. to brag, boast.
a. bragging, boastful.
adj. bragging, Karl. 429.
n. pl. overbearing words.
n. pl. braggart words, boasts, Flóv. 29.
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að, to card wool:—karra kalf, see kara.
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a, m. a card, for combing.
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a, m. in rjúp-karri, a male ptarmigan.
a. brisk, bold; hale, hearty.
adj., fem. körsk, karskt, proncd. kaskr; [from karl or karr, qs. kariskr; Germ. karsch, a north Germ., word, Grimm’s Dict. by Hildebrand; Dan.-Swed. karsk]:—brisk, bold, Nj, 120, v. l.: hale, hearty, era karskr maðr sá er …, he is not a hale man, i. e. he suffers much who …, Stor. 4: freq. in mod. usage.
adv. briskly, boldly.
adv. briskly. Fas. iii. 625.
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adj. brisk, doughty.
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u, f. a short horn: metaph., þín krakka karta, thou urchin! Grönd.
(-s, -ar), m. cart.
m. a cart; karta at görva, Rm. 19; sá er áðr sat í gyltri kerru er nú settr í hervilegan kart, Al. 107; fjögr hundruð, vagna ok þúsund karta, 166.
m. diseased nail.
m. a hangnail, Nj. 52, Snót 209, passim.
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a, m. a kind of fish, a sole.
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m. = kararmaðr, bedridden.
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adv. wretchedly, Nj. 229, v. l. (Johnson.)
(að), v. to heap earth upon, to bury (hann var ~ðr í urð).
að, [kös], prop. to heap earth or stones upon, to earth, commonly used of witches, miscreants, carcases of men or beasts, Grág. ii. 156 (of an outlaw); lík Þóris var upp rekit ok kasa þeir hann hjá Sigmundi, Fær. 177, Fs. 62; vóru þeir færðir út í hraun ok kasaðir í dal þeim er þar var í hrauninu, Eb. 138; þar heitir Knarrarnes er hann var kasaðr, Ld. 156; vildu þeir eigi jarða hann at kirkju ok kösuðu hann utan-borgar, Mar.: to bury in snow, eru þeir kasaðir í mjöllinni, Fs. 143, Sturl. iii. 215; báru síðan at stórt grjót ok kasaðu þá, Stj. 370: metaph., þeir kasaðu þetta með sér, Fms. iv. 284, v. l.; kváðusk hlaða mundu vegg í dalinn ok kasa þar metorð Guðmundar, Sturl. i. 155.
II. in mod. usage, to pile in heaps, esp. of the blubber of whales or sharks.
m. large box, case, creel.
m., mod. kassi, a, m. a case, large box, Stj. 253, 357, v. l.; kasta kössunum, to take to the heels, run, Fms. viii. 421, v. l.; komi þér eigi þeim kassa á mik, you shan’t lay this box on my back, Grett. 127: a fishing case, ker ok kassa, D. N. ii. 35; kassa-fiski, fishing with creels, (mod. silunga-kista, laxa-kista), D. N.
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part. cased, Pm. 103.
n.
1) cast, throw of a net;
2) throw of dice; koma í ~ við e-n, to come in collision with one; kemr til várra kasta at, it is our turn to;
3) a kind of cloak.
n. a cast, throw of a net; eignask þeir síld alla er kast áttu, Gþl. 427, Boldt. 53; um kast ef menn hitta í storma, N. G. L. ii. 278,:—in the phrase, koma í kast við e-n, to come in collision with one (Dan. komme i kast med en), Nj. 260; koma í kast saman við e-n, H. E. i. 524.
β. a throw of dice, Sturl. ii. 159, Ó. H. 90, Sks. 26.
2. köstum saman, by heaps, Þórð. 62; at seinustum köstum, at the last moment, D. N. ii. 535: metaph., kemr til e-s kasta, one’s turn comes, mun þá þykkja koma til várra kasta, at veita lið málum yðrum, Valla L. 221; nú hafa kappar kveðit í hring, kemr til minna kasta, Ísl. Þjóðs. ii. 7.
II. a kind of cloak, a dust cloak; hlógu at honum er hann var í kasti mórendu, Nj. 179: in mod. usage, a cloak worn by milkmaids whilst milking;
III. a fit; hósta-kast, a fit of coughing; renna stór köst, to take a long run by fits and starts, Hem.
(að), v.
1) to cast, throw, with dat. (Egill ~ði þegar niðr horninu);
~ akkerum, to cast anchor;
~ verplum, teningum, to throw with dice;
~ orðum á e-n, to address one;
refl., ~st orðum á, to exchange words;
~ kalls-yrðum at e-m, to throw taunts at one;
~ eign sinni á e-t, to seize upon, take possession of;
~ á sik sótt, to feign illness;
2) to cast off (er H. heyrði þetta, ~ði hann skikkjunni);
~ trú, to cast off one’s faith;
3) impers., e-u ~r, is thrown, flung;
tóku þeir gneista þá, er ~t hafði ór Múspellsheimi, they took the sparks that had been cast out from M.;
skipinu hafði ~t, had capsized;
henni var ~t skinni at beini, the skin was, as it were, thrown over her bones (from leanness);
4) with ‘um’;
~ um hesti, to turn, wheel, a horse right round;
~ um sínum hug, to alter one’s (own) disposition; absol. to turn round, wheel about.
að, [a Scandin. word; Dan.-Swed. kaste, not found in Saxon and Germ., so that Engl. cast must be of Dan. origin]:—to cast, throw, with dat. of the thing (to throw with a thing), but also absol.; Egill kastaði þegar niðr horninu, E. flung the horn away, Eg. 215; smala-maðr kastar höfðinu niðr, Nj. 71; en er skjöldr Atla var únýttr, þá kastaði hann honum, Eg. 507; hann kastar aptr öllu ok vill ekki þiggja, Man.; kasta brynju, Hkv. 2. 42; kasta akkerum, to cast anchor, Eg. 128; k. farmi, to throw the cargo overboard, 656 C. 21, Sks. 231 B; kasta verplum, to cast with the dice, Grág. ii. 198; Suðrmenn tveir köstuðu um silfr (gambled); Magn. 528; hana kastaði, ok kómu upp tvau sex, Ó. H. 90: to throw, toss, ef griðungr kastar manni, Grág. ii. 122; k. e-m inn, to cast into prison, Fms. ix. 245.
II. with prepp.; kasta um hesti, to turn a horse at full gallop; ven þú hest þinn góðan um at kasta á hlaupanda skrefi, Sks. 374; Jóns-synir köstuðu um hestum sínum, Sturl. ii. 75: metaph., biskupi þótti hann hafa kastað sér um til mótstöðu-manna kirkjunnar, that he had turned round to the enemies of the church, Bs. …
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m. castle, stronghold.
a, m. [from Lat. castellum], a castle, stronghold, Fms. vii. 94, 159, 194, viii. 177, 418, x. 358, Al. 90, Sks. 597, Fas. i. 497, Ver. 10, Sturl. ii. 42, Fs. 70, Orkn. 344–354; kastala hurð, dyr, veggr, vígskörð, a castle door, wall, rampart. Hkr. iii. 312, Orkn. 350. Sks. 416; kastala stafr, a castle pillar, Fms. viii. 429; kastala-kirkja, a castle church, vii. 189; kastala-menn, defenders of a castle, Orkn. 350, Fms. vii. 192, Fs. 70.
2. a kind of war engine, Sks. 3. naut., hún-kastali, q. v.
4. a dome-shaped hill is in Icel. called kastali; cp. borg.
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a, m. a nickname, Bs.
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f. coarse gravel.
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u, f. boiling, Bs. ii. 9.
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a, m. a kind of small ship, a ‘cat,’ Edda (Gl.); þá gaf Hörðr nafn nesinu ok kallaði Katanes, því at honum þótti þar margr kati fyrir fara, Ísl. ii. 85:—ketíll (kettle) seems to be a diminutive from this old word.
II. local names; Kata-nes, n. Caithness in Scotland: Katnesingar, m. pl. the men of Caithness, Orkn.: Katneskr, adj. from Caithness, Grág. i. 299, Orkn.
m. kettlemaker.
a, m. a kettle-maker, Rétt. 59.
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f. a pr. name, Catherine; Katrínar-messa, -saga, Catherine’s mass, saga, Pm., Vm.
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n. cat’s eye, botan. forget-me-not.
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u, f. a cat’s tail.
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n. a cat’s skin, Grág. i. 504.
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u, f., botan. cat’s tongue, the sea-plantain, plantago maritima, Hjalt.
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m. a cat’s skin, Grág. i. 501.
n. cat’s skirt.
n. a cat’s skin, Þorf. Karl. 374; kattskinns glófar, cat-skin gloves, id.
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u, f. = kauði, a nickname, Fms. vii. 217.
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a, m. a rascal, Edda (Gl.) ii. 496, freq. in mod. usage.
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n. a sore, of wounds and scabs, Bs. ii. 20 (in a verse), Mar.; fullr kauna, Luke xvi. 26: freq. in mod. usage is the phrase, blása í kaunin, to blow on one’s sores, of fingers burnt, sore, or cold, Grönd. 46, = ὁ δ ἄλγεε και χέρ ἐφύση of Theocr. 19. 3.
2. the Rune ᚴ, see introduction to letter K.
n.
1) bargain;
illt (gott) ~, bad (good) bargain;
slá ~i við e-n, to strike a bargain with one;
eiga ~ við e-n, to bargain, trade with one;
verða at ~i, to come to a bargain;
2) stipulation, agreement (þá tala þeir um ~, ok verða á allt sáttir);
3) wages, pay (konungr gaf honum mikit ~);
vera af ~i, to be of one’s bargain, to have forfeited it.
n. a bargain; íllt kaup, a bad bargain, Þorst. St. 54; daprt kaup, a sad bargain, Sighvat; kröpp kaup, Grett. (in a verse); gott or góð kaup, a good bargain; af-kaup, q. v.; hón gaf fyrir heklu flekkótta, ok vildi kaup kalla, she paid a spotted frock for it, thus making it a bargain, Landn. 319; öll skulu kaup haldask með mönnum váttlaus, nema fjögr, Grág. ii. 406; kona á at ráða fyrir hálfs-eyris kaupi, a woman has a right to make a bargain amounting to half an ounce, i. 333: phrases, slá kaupi við e-n, and slá kaupi saman, to strike a bargain, Fms. ii. 80, Fb. ii. 79; slyngja kaupi, to strike a bargain, Ld. 96; kaup ok sölur, buying and selling; ganga kaupum ok sölum, to go into trade; eiga kaup við e-n, Fms. vi. 103; verða at kaupi, to come to a bargain, Ld. 96; semja kaup, Fb. i. 124; kaupa smám kaupum sem stórum, ii. 75; eiga kaup við e-n, to exchange, bargain, trade with one, Nj. 157, passim.
II. a stipulation, agreement; allan áverka þann er í kaup þeirra kom, Gþl. 329; ek mæli til kaupa við þik, vill Rútr görask mágr þinn ok kaupa dóttur þína (of marriage, see brúð-kaup), Nj. …
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(kaupi, keypta, kayptr), v.
1) to buy (keypti Njáll land í Ossabœ);
absol. to make a bargain;
~ kaupi, to bargain;
2) to make an agreement about (þeir keyptu þessu);
3) with preps.:
~ e-n á braut, to buy one of;
~ e-t at e-m, to buy a thing of one;
~ saman, to bargain;
~ um e-t, to barter, exchange (keypti hann um lönd við Guðrúnu);
~ við e-n, to make a bargain, come to terms with one;
recipr., ~st við, to bargain with one another.
kaupir, pret. keypti, part. keypt; [Ulf. kaupatjan = κολαφίζειν and kaupon = πραγματεύεσθαι, Luke xix. 13; A. S. ceâpian; Old Engl. chop; North. E. coup; cp. Engl. cheapen, chaffer, couper, chap-man, etc. (see angr); Germ. kaufen; Dutch koopen; Swed. köpa; Dan. kjöbe; a word common to all Teut. languages. The derivation from Lat. caupona is hardly admissible, whereas Grimm’s ingenious suggestion (Dict. iii. 198) connecting it with Goth. kaupatjan, which Ulf. uses = to strike in the face, is strongly borne out by the very form of the Icel. word;—since, first, this word, although having au as its root vowel, follows the 2nd and not the 1st weak conjugation; secondly, the vowel changes in preterite and participle, which is characteristic of a verb with an inflexive or characteristic j; thirdly, the t in the preterite (so far as is known) is never spelt with ð or þ,—keypti, not keypði or keypþi (see introduction to letter D, C. III. 2),—which indicates that the t is here radical and not inflexive. The Icel. word therefore represents in its tenses both the Gothic words,—kaupan in the present tense, kaupatjan in the preterite: …
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m. towns-folk.
m. town-folk, Fms. x. 411.
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m. town-law, Gþl. 264, N. G. L. i. 53.
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n. a local name in Norway, Fms. viii.
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f. pl. town-women, the women of Níðaróss, Fms. vi.
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n. pl. = kaupangrsréttr, Gþl. 263.
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m. pl. town-men, people, Fms. viii. 35.
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m. a section of the law referring to trade and exchange, Grág., Gþl., Jb.
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n. a deed of a bargain, D. N.
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f. purchased land, opp. to óðalsjörð, N. G. L. i. 75.
m. pl. terms of a bargain.
m. pl. terms of a bargain, Ld. 322, Rd. 260.
n. purchased land.
n. = kaupajörð, Bs. i. 684.
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m. a hired labourer during haymaking in the summer, opp. to vinnu-maðr = a servant hired for the whole year.
n. barter, bartering.
n. barter, Sturl. ii. 125.
a. purchased (cattle) mark, opp. to one inherited.
n. a purchased mark, opp. to one inherited (in cattle), Grág. ii. 307.
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m. (and
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u, f. working for wages, of mowers.
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a, m. a buyer, Jb. 56, Pr. 128; báðir, kaupi ok sali, N. G. L. ii. 100: = kaupunautr, Þiðr. 104.
adv. in a merchant-like manner.
adv. in a merchant-like manner, Fb. ii. 75.
a. merchant-like.
adj. merchant-like, mercantile.
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Grág. ii. 204), a witness to a bargain, Dipl. v. 26.
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n. id., Grág. ii. 272.
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m. a nickname, Sturl. iii. 226.
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n. = kaupbréf, D. N.
m. customer.
m. a customer, Fms. iii. 91, Sd. 186, O. H. 114, Fb. i. 209.
(-rs and -s), m. market-place (í kaupangi sem í heraði).
m. [kaup and vangr, dropping the v, rather than angr, q. v.]:—a market-place, village, town; ef maðr á hús í kaupangi en bú í héraði, Gþl. 93; í kaupangi sem í héraði, N. G. L. i. 303; allt þat sem í kaupangri er gört, þat skal at kaupangrs-rétti skipta, 53; þá skal hann fara til kaupangrs með föt sín, 304.
II. it is also freq. in Scandin. local names denoting old market-towns, Dan. Kjöbing, Nykjöbing, Kjöben-havn, Swed. Köping, Norköping, Engl. Cheap-side, Chipping-Ongar; Chipping-Norton, etc.: the Norse town Níðaróss was specially called Kaupangr, Fms. ii. 232, iii. 40, iv. 314, 340, v. 104, 117, x. 448, xii. passim, Ísl. ii. 391: also as a local name in northern Iceland, Lv., Rd. 274.
COMPDS: Kaupangsfjall, kaupangskonur, kaupangrslýðr, kaupangsmenn, kaupangsmannalög, kaupangrsréttr.
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n. a deed of purchase, Dipl. v. 16.
n. breach of contract.
n. a breach of contract, Þorst. hv. 40.
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m. = kaupangr, Hom. 118, Fms. iv. 93, vii. 112, 151, Ísl. ii. 391.
m. = kaupmaðr.
m. = kaupmaðr, Fms. vi. 36, Ísl. ii. 126.
a. demanding a high price, expensive.
adj. exorbitant, demanding a high price, Ld. 176.
m. article of trade, wares, cargo.
m. articles of trade, wares, cargo; kaupskip ok kaupeyri, ship and cargo, Eg. 157; hann fór með kaupmönnum vestr til Englands ok hafði góðan kaupeyri, Orkn. 204, Fs. 131, Ld. 254 (money); af kaupeyri ok garðleigum í kaupstað, Gþl. 93; fá e-m kaupeyri, Fs. 84. kaupeyris-tíund, f. a tithe or tax on trade, excise, H. E. ii. 98.
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n. a purchase, Nj. 131, v. l.
f. trading journey or voyage.
f. a journey; sigla kaupferð, Eb. 140; stundum í víking stundum í kaupferðum, Eg. 154; optliga í kaupferðum en stundum í hernaði, Fms. i. 185; hitt hafða ek heldr nú ætlað at hætta kaupferðum, Nj. 22; hann rak kaupferðir til ymissa landa, Ó. H. 50; Loðinn fór kaupferð í Austrveg, Fb. i. 207; þá settisk friðr ok kaupferðir ór Þrándheimi til Jamtalands, Ó. H. 142: metaph. phrases, ok munu þessir hafa þvílíka kaupferð sem hinir fyrri (= fara sömu för), Fms. viii. 405; ok enginn sækir sá at honum, at eigi hefir þvílíka kaupferð, Þiðr. 326.
n. cheating.
n. cheating, fraudulent dealing, Gþl. 496, Jb. 359.
m. security for trade.
m. ‘trade-peace,’ security for trade, Fms. vi. 7, O. H. L. 39.
f. = kaupferð, esp. in pl. (hafa skip í ~um, fara ~um).
f. = kaupferð, esp. in pl.; fara kaupförum ok afla sér svá fjár, Sks. 251; er hann rænti mik skipi því er eitt er bezt haft í kaupförum, Ó. H. 215.
a. good at trading.
adj. good at trading, Fb. ii. 138.
n. wages, pay.
n. wages, pay, Stj. 182.
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m. a bargain, Mar.
n. shop.
n. a shop, Symb. 23.
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f. [Germ. handling], trade, (mod.)
n. tax, price.
n. a tax, price, Grett. 95.
a. n.
1) without charge, gratuitously;
2) without bargain or profit.
n. adj. without charge, gratuitously, 656 B. 2, Fs. 92, Fb. i. 122, Al. 135, Korm. 68: without bargain, profit, Germ. unverrichteter sache, Ld. 322, Konr. 38.
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adj. a law term, owner of purchased land (opp. to an allodial owner), N. G. L. i. 247.
a. mercantile;
mér verðr kaupligt, I come to a bargain.
adj. mercantile, Fms. iii. 159.
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m. a flaw in a bargain, N. G. L. i. 75.
m. trader, merchant.
m. [cp. Engl. chapman; Germ. kaufmann; Dan. kjöbmand; Swed. köpman]:—a merchant, traveller; in old times, trade was held in honour, and a kaupmaðr (merchant) and farmaðr (traveller) were almost synonymous; young men of rank and fortune used to set out on their travels which they continued for some years, until at last they settled for life; even the kings engaged in trade (see e. g. the pref. to the Hkr., of king St. Olave and Hall í Haukadale); whence in after-times arose the notion of royal trade monopoly. Numerous passages in the Sagas refer to journeys taken for trade; kaupmaðr ok smiðr mikill, Ó. H. 5, 214, Nj. 124, Fms. viii. 234, 303, Ísl. ii. 126, Fs. 24, Eb. 140; kaupmanna görfi, a merchant’s attire, Fms. v. 285; kaupmanna-lög, a league of merchants; kallaði hann þeirra manna auðgastan er verit höfðu í kaupmanna-lögum, Ld. 28.
(að), v. to bargain (~ við e-n).
að, to bargain, Sturl. i. 171.
m. bargain, contract.
a, m. a bargain, contract, Grág. i. 225, Nj. 17, Fms. x. 12, 300, Th. passim; kaupmála-bréf, a deed, Dipl. iii. 4.
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f. a market-place, N. G. L. i. 26.
n. breach of bargain.
n. a breach of bargain, N. G. L. i. 237.
a. agreed as to a bargain.
adj. agreed to as a bargain, Sturl. iii. 133.
m. stores of merchandise, wares.
m. stores of merchandise, wares, Eg. 41, Fms. i. 185; hafði hann með sér hæns ok seldi þau með öðrum kaupskap, Ísl. ii. 124:—mod. trade, trading.
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m. = kaup-skapr, H. E. i. 492, ii. 72.
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n. pl. dealings; fara með réttum kaupskilum, bargains; þeirri eigu er þá kom í kaupskil þeirra, D. N. i. 83.
n. merchant ship.
n. a merchant ship, Ó. H. 215, Eg. 81, Nj. 3, Fær. 249, N. G. L. i. 48, Eb. 49 (v. l.) new Ed., Fs. 70, 85, 92.
(að), v. to bargain.
að, [Dutch kopslagen, whence Dan. kjöbslaae], to ‘strike a bargain,’ to bargain, Ann. 1414, Fb. i. 209.
m. market town.
m. a market town, a town, Ísl. ii. 232, Eg. 119, 241, Fms. ii. 27, vi. 440, vii. 235, Fær. 5.
f. fair, market.
u, f. a fair, a market, Eg. 41, 69, 599, Ó. H. 64, 134, Grág. i. 463, Fms. i. 185, x. 227, Ísl. ii. 126, 192, Fs. 100: a bargain, Ó. H. 114.
m. = kaupdrengr.
m. = kaupdrengr, Fms. vi. 238, Fas. iii. 165.
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f. market time or season (July and August).
n. market town.
n. a ‘cheap or chipping town,’ market town, Fb. ii. 122; þorp eðr k., Stj. 183, 570, O. H. L. 13.
m. merchant wares.
m. merchant wares, Dropl. 9.
m. witness to a bargain.
m. a witness to a bargain, Dipl. iv. 4, N. G. L. i. 223, B. K. 124.
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f. trade, (mod.)
n. witness to a bargain.
n. = kaupváttr.
n. = kauptún.
n. = kauptún, Fms. x. 67, v. l.
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a, m. [kause, Ivar Aasen], a cat, = kisa, q. v.; Snorri mælti við son sinn Þórð kausa, sér köttrinn músina, sees the cat the mouse? Ísl. ii. 309:—a nickname, Eb.
(kái, káða, káðr), v. to harass;
refl., ~st í e-u, to meddle in a thing.
ð, to harass; enna grimmustu úvina er kallza oss ok ká, Barl. 60: reflex., kásk í e-u, to meddle in a thing, Str. 24.
n. a plunge into water, dive, diving;
fær hann annat ~ at öðru, he gets one plunge after another;
taka ~, to dive under water;
á ~, í ~, into water, under water;
hlaupa á ~, to plunge into water;
fara í ~, to go under water;
á ~i, í ~i, under water, diving;
of snow, lágu hestarnir á ~i í snjónum, the horses stuck deep in the snow;
standa á ~i to sink deep (øxin stóð á kafi).
n. a stirring about: metaph. pretence of work, no real work, það er ekki nema káf.
(að), v. to dive, swim, under water; of a ship, to be swamped in a heavy sea (síðan kafaði skipit).
að, to stir; káfa í heyi, to stir the hay with a rake.
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n. bungling; það er ónýtt kák.
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að, [from Engl. quack], to bungle, play the quack; káka við e-t.
(að), v. refl. to receive a beating, meet with blows.
að, dep. to pick up quarrels; þér mun kostr at káklast um, komir þú austr þangat, Skíða R. 61.
n. cabbage, kale.
n. [A. S. cawl; Engl. cole; Scot. kale; Germ. kohl; Dan. kaal]:—a cabbage; mun hann einn ætla at éta allt kál á Englandi? Ó. H. 131; græn kál, Stj. 61: kale broth and bacon, Fas. iii. 381; e-m fellr flesk í kál, Bs. i. 717, Fms. x. 348, see flesk: in the saying, ekki er sopit kálit þó í ausuna sé komit, the kale is not supped though it be in the ladle, i. e. there is many a slip twixt the cup and the lip, Grett. 132 A; er þat vel at vér deilim kálit, 168 new Ed.
COMPDS: kálfræ, kálgarðr, kálmeti, kálsúpa.
m. the calf of the leg.
a, m. the calf of the leg, Orkn. 12, Eb. 60, Nj. 247, Fas. i. 61, ii. 343, 354, N. G. L. i. 339, Bs. i. 229. kálfa-bót, f. = the ham = knésbót, Þiðr. 86.
(-s, -ar), m. calf; fig. small island (beside a large one).
m. [Goth. kalbo = δάμαλις; A. S. cealf; Engl. calf; O. H. G. chalbâ; Germ. kalb; Dan. kalv; Swed. kalf]:—a calf; kýr ok kálfr, Fms. i. 168, vi. 260, 368, Njarð. 374, Gísl. 80, Eb. 316, 318, Fas. iii. 34, Grág. i. 502, N. G. L. i. 25: the phrase, ala öðrum þræl kálfs-eldi, to feed a thrall for another man as a calf, i. e. to feed a person who does nothing but eat, 31; hindar-k., a fawn, Str. 3: a whale-calf.
II. metaph. of a small island near a large one, eyjar-k.; Manar-k., the Calf of Man, at its southern extremity; Rastar-kálfr, the Calf of the island Rost.
β. hvann-kálfr, young angelica, Hervar. (Hb.) Gsp., cp. Gr. μόσχος: kálfa-kjöt, n. ‘calf-flesh,’ veal, Stj. 91: kálfs-belgr, m. a calf’s skin, Gísl. 118, Fas. iii. 621: kálfs-fætr, m. pl. a calf’s legs; flegnar kálfs fætr, flayed calves feet, of the stockings hanging about one’s legs.
III. metaph. a calf, i. e. a silly person, dunce; þú ert mesti kálfr!
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f. adj. a cow that will bear calves, Grág. i. 501, N. G. L. i. 75.
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adj. with calf, of a cow.
n. calf-skin.
n. a calf-skin; kálfskinns skór, Sturl. iii. 199: the phrase, eigi þótti honum meiri himinn en kálfskinn, svá þótti honum konungr ógurligr, the heaven seemed to him not bigger than a calf-skin (he was so dazzled), so frowning seemed the king, Hkr. iii.
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u, f. the caul of calves, Björn; tregar kálfsugur, Hallgr., Snót (1866).
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n. kale seed.
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m. a kale garden, Bs. i. 765, D. N.
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m. kale food.
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u, f. kale broth.
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n. [West Engl. keem = scum on cider; Germ. kahm, kahn, keim], grime, film of dirt, kám-leitr, adj. grimy in the face, kámugr, adj. ‘keamy,’ grimed.
f. cloak made with a cowl or hood (hann var í blárri kápu).
u, f. [A. S. cappe; Engl. cape, cope; O. H. G. chappa; Germ. kappe; Dan. kaabe; also the Romance languages, from the mid. Lat. cappa]:—a cowled cloak, cloak with a hood, Fms. iv. 166, Nj. 143, Eg. 726, Jb. 187; blá kápa, Gísl. 37; kápu-ermr, -höttr, -skaut, -gríma, a cope’s sleeve, hood, lap, Eb. 250, Bs. i. 623, Band. 33 new Ed., Fas. i. 143, ii. 133, Gísl. 37, Háv. 45; loð-kápa, a furred cloak, Fms. vii. 19; tvíbyrð kápa, Rétt. 2. 10; kantara-kápa, q. v.: the phrase, honum verðr ekki kápan úr því klæðinu, he will never get a cloak of that cloth = he will fail, be disappointed in that.
2. the cover of a book, (mod.)
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a, m., poët. the wind, freq. in mod. usage: a pr. name.
f., see karína.
u, f. [through Fr. carême, from Lat. quadragesima], a fast of forty days, ordered as a penance in the old eccl. law, H. E. i. 521, ii. 189, 191. kárínu-fasta, u, f. = kárína, Sturl. ii. 231.
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að, [either from the preceding word or rather from Goth. kaurs = heavy, kaurens = heaviness]:—to become distressed; heldr tók að kárna fyrir Árna, Jón Arason.
m. curl in the hair.
m. [A. S. cerre; Ivar Aasen kaara], a curl or curls in the hair; svartr á hárslit ok kárr í hári hans mikill, Post. 645. 66; rendering of ‘capillo nigro et crispo:’ a pr. name, Kárr, Landn.; and as a nickname in þunn-kárr, thin-haired; gull-kárr, gold curl; örðlu-kárr, Landn.
a. curled.
part. curled, Þiðr. 175, 181.
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a, m. one with curled hair, a nickname, Bs.
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u, f. a mess, muddle; allt í einni kássu.
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að, dep.; k. upp á e-n, to pick a quarrel with.
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u, f. merriment, merry pranks.
adv. in a merry manner.
adv. in an odd, funny manner, Barl. 74.
a. merry, cheerful (kátlig orð).
adj. cheerful; k. ok með gleði-bragði, Nj. 118; funny, comic, Grett. 127 A, Bs. ii. 148; all-k., Grett. 112.
a. merry, cheerful.
adj. [Dan. kaad], merry, cheerful, in good spirits, of mood, temper, Eg. 44, 483, Fms. i. 202, vii. 152, 157, 175, ix. 477, Ó. H. 70; all-kátr, in excellent humour, 57; ú-kátr, downcast.
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u, f., mod. kássa (see p. 335, col. 1); the word is found in Vitae Patrum (Unger), kazu af mjölvi, being a rendering of ‘pultem ex farinâ.’
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m. a nickname, Fb.
f. meddlesomeness.
f. archness, Karl. 123.
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adv. archly, Stj. 16.
a. quarrelsome, meddlesome.
adj. wily; k. orð, Pr. 166.
a. quarrelsome, meddlesome.
adj. arch, wily, Fms. ix. 304.
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u, f. [Germ. kette; Lat. catena; Dan. kjede], a chain, (mod.)
(kef, kafða, kafðr), v. to dip, put under water; impers. to be swamped, sink, of a ship (skipit kafði undir þeim);
refl., ~st, to dip oneself, duck, dive.
older form kvefja, Sks. l. c.; pres. kefr, pret. kafði, part. kafinn, [kaf; mid. H. G. quebe]:—causal, to dip, put under water; mantú hversu fór um sundit með okkr, ek mátta kefja þik ef ek vilda, Fms. vii. 119; sem þat kvefi (kvæfi, new Ed.) reykr eða mjörkvi, Sks. 211; þá kafði hón höfuðit svá at þar dó hann, Hkr. Yngl. S.; er ríki þitt klandar ok sjálfan þik vill kefja, MS. 4. 26: the saying, þann má eigi kefja er Guð vill hefja, Fb. iii. 408.
II. impers. to be swamped, founder, sink, of a ship; skipit kafði undir þeim, Eg. 600; þá kafði skipit undir þeim ok létusk þar allir, Hkr. i. 115, Mar.; svá er veðr þetta mikit at við því þótti búit, at kefja mundi skipin undir þeim, Fas. ii. 180.
III. reflex. to dip oneself, duck, dive; þat er athæfi þessa skrimsl, at þat hefir opt kafsk, Sks. 170:—to be quenched, ok er þá því líkast at ljósit kvefisk þá í þeim reyk, 47 new Ed.; at ljós vili kefjast (old Ed.)
2. part. kafðr, drowned; sumir vóru í vatni kafðir, Hom. 147: metaph. overwhelmed, kafðr í áhyggjum, Mar.; önnum kafinn, overwhelmed with business. …
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(-da, -dr), v. to gag (a lamb).
ð, to gag a lamb, so as to prevent its sucking; sagði at lömbunum væri tregast um átið fyrst er þau eru nýkefld, Eb. 244.
II. to mangle; kefla þvátt, to mangle linen, freq. in mod. usage; ‘þar vartú at er maðr kefldi þvátt’ is prob. the true reading of the corrupt passage ‘er feaðr kleði þvátt’ in Skálda 162 (Thorodd); the MS. prob. had kelþi = kelfði (as the word is sounded), and aþr, which two words the transcriber mistook for kleþi and peaþr.
n. cylinder (of wood), stick.
n. [kafli], a cylinder, stick, piece of wood; álnar löng kefli öll ok smæri, Jb. 317; viðar-reki fylgir allr nema kefla reki, Vm. 130, Grett. 169 new Ed., Fms. vii. 170, xi. 347, Fs. 137; rísta rúnar á kefli, to carve Runes (magical characters) on a k., Gísl. 67, Eg. 605, Grett., Sd. 140, 141: a gag, Fms. ii. 179.
II. a mangle; svá eru Flosa ráð sem fari kefli, F.’s plans are a rolling cylinder (= Gr. οἱ δε κυλίνδροις ἄλλοτ ἐπ ἀλλα φέρονται), the metaphor being probably taken from a mangle:—laga-kefli, see lög.
f. gagging (of lambs).
f. gagging, Bs. i. 528.
m. cane, stick, = kefli.
m. a cane, stick, Fms. vii. 193, N. G. L. i. 334.
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m. = Germ. kebs-mann, Edda (Gl.)
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m. a nickname, Sturl.
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n. a nickname, Fb. iii.
(-ta, -tr), v. to bend backwards (E. keikti hann aptr á bak).
t, to bend backwards, Eg. 397, v. l. to kneykja; Flosi keiktist mjök, of a wrestler, = kikna or lykna (q. v.), Fms. iii. 188.
a. bent backwards (bjúgr ílendum en ~ í hálsi).
adj. bent backwards, the belly jutting forwards; svá at gerðu eik | gékk heldr keik, Bjarn. (in a verse); stendr heldr keikari, Band. 11, Fas. iii. 557; k. í hálsi, Mag.
f. a sea-fish allied to the cod; torsk or tusk.
u, f. a fish, gadus longus, Edda (Gl.): ref-keila, a female fox.
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m. a wedge (cp. Germ. keil); ef maðr brýtr há af skipi manns eðr keili, N. G. L. i. 325, Edda (Gl.) keili-selgr, keilis-múli, a, m. a nickname, Landn.: a cone-formed mountain, a local name in the south of Icel.
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m. flavour, taste; bera keim af e-u, to have a taste of; íllr keimr, a bad flavour, keim-líkr, adj. of like flavour.
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að, to pull an angler’s line up and down, with dat.; forgefins hafði fiskimann, færinu keipat lengi dags, Jón Þor.: metaph. to fret, be cross.
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adj. fretful, fickle, shifty.
(-s, -ar), m. rowlock.
m. a rowlock, Edda (Gl.), Fms. vii. 66, freq.
II. = húðkeipr (q. v.), a canoe, Fb. i. 525, Skáld H. 4. 17, 20. keip-nagli, a, m. and keip-nef, n. a rowlock thrall, a rower.
III. metaph. fretful fits, of children; seldu mér hana keipa-stelpu þína, Snót 298.
m. a kind of boat, coble.
m. a kind of boat, the coble of the north-east coast of England and south-eastern of Scotland, Íb. 9.
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adj. bolt upright; standa keipréttr, (mod.)
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f. [akin to keikr], a round belly, freq. in mod. usage: a nickname, Sturl. iii. 225.
(-ta, -tr), v. to bend.
t, to jut out; keisti fald, perhaps keikti fald, Rm. 26.
m. empire.
m., -dæmi, n. an empire, Fms. xi. 329, 417.
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u, f. [Germ. kaiserin], an empress, Ann., Thom. 162.
m. emperor.
a, m. Caesar, Germ. Kaiser, an emperor, Ver. 40, Hkr. iii. 343, passim; keisara ríki, anempire; keisara garðr, höll, stóll, vígsla, the imperial residence, hall, chair, consecration, Ver. 47, Fms. vii. 94, Stj. 1, Ann. 913, Fas. i. 323.
COMPDS: keisaradómr, keisarainna.
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u, f. [kökkr], a nickname, Fas.
= klektunarmaðr.
m., Nj. 105; see klektun.
f.
1) well, spring;
2) bog, quagmire (lá hestr hans í keldu).
u, f. [mid. H. G. qual and quil; Germ. quelle; Dan. kilde; Swed. källa; cp. Engl. well, North. E. keld = a spring]:—a well, spring; krjúpa at keldu (mod. vatna lömbum), Þorf. Karl. (in a verse); kelda er ok þar nær hellinum, ok þó konungr sér í, Ó. H. 187; af sannri lífs æð sem lífs keldu, Barl. 84; í læk þann eðr keldu er féll ór brunninum, Bs. i. 462; um ker ok keldur, þar skal ker vera í garði sem eigi er kelda til ok vatn í, N. G. L. ii. 248, Sks. 91, Bret. 30; útan garðs ok innan með keldu, D. N. i. 527; at keldunni þeirri er mitt er í garðinum, ii. 498, iii. 98; keldu-lækr, a stream from a well, Karl. 266: and so in Dan. and Swed. local name, Roes-kilde, as also in mod. Dan. and Swed.
II. specific Icel. a stagnant pit in a swampy ground, Eb. 266, Ld. 204, Lv. 5, Jb. 278, Dipl. ii. 1, Fb. i. 231.
COMPDS: kelduskítr, keldusog, keldusvín, Keldur, Kelduhverfi, Keldhverfingar.
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adj. miry, marshy.
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f. pl.,
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n., Landn.; whence
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m. = myri-skítr, a snipe: a nickname, Fms. vii.
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n. the outlet of a k., Dipl. v. 19.
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n. ‘rallus aquaticus,’ the name of a bird, the water-rail: local names,
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m. pl. the men from K., Grett.
(-di, -t), v. to calve.
d, to calve, Gþl. 504, see Pal Vídal. Skýr. s. v. kelft.
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f. calving, Gþl. 498.
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adj., in þrá-kelkinn, obstinate, and þrá-kelkni, obstinacy.
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kella, see kerli, kerla.
f. trap (for otters).
u, f. a trap for otters, Fms. vii. 21; see kilpr.
(-da, -dr), v.
1) to comb (~ hár sitt);
2) to card (~ ull).
u, f. a skein of carded wool.
(-da, -dr), v.
1) to comb (~ hár sitt);
2) to card (~ ull).
d, [kambr], to comb; skera hár silt né k., Eg. 6; k. höfuð, Vsp. 38, Vtkv. 11; kembdr ok þveginn, Skv. 2. 25; laug skal göra hveim er liðinn er, hendr þvá ok höfuð, kemba ok þerra áðr í kistu fari, Sdm. 34 (Bugge); k. sik, Stj. 138; usually k. sér, Karl. 409, Sturl. i. 168, Bs. i. 560; megi þér k. þeim eigi hagligar tjaldkúlur, Fas. ii. 448; k. hærur, to comb gray hairs, see hæra.
II. to card wool; kemba ull, Bret. 32, Stj. 78.
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m. a comber, a nickname, Fb. iii.
f. champion, bold warrior (bardagamaðr mikill ok ~).
u, f., spelt kenpa:
I. [kappi], a champion, Dan. kjempe, Þiðr. 123, Stj. 384, Fms. viii. 158, x. 383, xi. 97, 389, 439.
II. [kampr], plur. kempur, the gunwale of a boat.
m.
1) a horseshoe-formed crook;
2) bend, bight;
köttrinn beygði kenginn, arched its back.
m. [cp. Shell. keeng = a brook; North. E. and Dutch kink = a creek, fold; mod. Engl. kink or twist in a rope]:—a horseshoe-formed crook of metal, Safn 67, 84, Munk. 103, hurðar kengr; Vm. 56 (of a bell): a bend, bight, en köttrinn beygði kenginn, Edda (Ub.) ii. 285; beygja sik í keng, to crouch; þó var upp ór kryppu kengr, Skíða R. 8: a nickname, Landn.
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part. crooked.
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f. pl. freaks, whims: kenjóttr, adj. whimsical.
(-da, -dr), v.
1) to know, recognize (Flosi kenndi Kára, er hann kom í stofuna);
2) to know as one’s own, claim (~ sér land);
3) to assign or attribute to one (þá var ok ár um öll lönd, kenndu Svíar þat Frey);
~ e-m barn, to father a child upon one;
4) ~ e-m e-t, to lay to one’s charge, impute (ef hann væri sannr verks þessa, er honum var kennt);
~ e-m um e-t, to charge one with a thing (Þorgeirr vildi ekki, at brœðrum hans mætti um ~);
5) to taste food or drink (~ e-t or e-s);
6) to feel, perceive, with acc. and gen. (ek kennda þín eigi, er þú hvíldir á brjósti mér);
~ sætan ilm, to perceive a sweet smell;
~ hita (kulda) af e-u, to feel heat (cold) from;
~ aflsmunar, liðsmunar, to feel the odds;
hón kenndi í meira lagi, she felt considerable pain;
absol., þá er þeir kómu upp í heiðina, kenndi at brá lit, the colour was felt to change, it began to darken;
mér kennir heiptar við e-n, I feel hatred against one;
~ niðr, to touch the bottom (en er skipin kenndu niðr, þá gekk jarl á land);
7) to show, bear witness of (virðist mér ákall þetta meirr ~ ranglætis en réttvísi);
8) to call, name; …
d, kennig, Hm. 164; part. kennandisk, Bs. i. 322, H. E. i. 499, Dipl. iv. 8; [Goth. kunnan; A. S. knáwan; Old Engl. and Scot. ken; Dan. kjende; Swed. känna]:—to ken, know, recognise; þú kennir konu þá er heitir Oddný, Fms. vii. 103, Hkv. 2. 12; hann kenndi hann þegar, Nj. 9; Flosi kenndi Kára er hann kom í stofuna, 282; hann kenndi skipit, því at hann hafði þat skip séð fyrr, Eg. 120; þar kenndi Ingimundr lönd þau er honum var til vísat, Landn. 175, Sd. 186; þóttisk hann kenna sitt mark á vísu þessari, Fms. iii. 20: with infin., þeir kenndu at þat var Eirekr viðsjá, Ísl. ii. 335; er þetta hann Skalla-grímr? Grímr sagði at hann kenndi rétt, Eg. 112; kennir þú nökkut til gripa þessara! Nj. 75.
II. kenna sér e-t, to know as one’s own, claim; kenna sér land, Grág. ii. 204; hann á eigi þat er hann kennir sér, 219; Ingimundr kenndi sér fimm víntunnur … þú munt kenna þér þat er aðrir menn eigu, Bs. i. 433; því kenndi hvárr-tveggi sér nautin, Landn. 47; at enginn dirfi sik at kenna sér þat er hann görir eigi, Al. 88; ek spyrr hverr sér kenni M. M. at þingmanni, Grág. i. 19.
III. to acknowledge as belonging to another, attribute to him; …
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(pl. -endr), m.
1) recognizer;
2) teacher, preacher.
part. a teacher, Greg., Post., passim: as a law term, a witness for recovering and identifying a lost thing; sá maðr er kennendr vill færa til fjár síns, hann skal vinna eið at því at hann átti fé þat, Grág. i. 424; þá á sá, er fé átti, allt þat er hann kennir …, nema kennendr komi til, N. G. L. ii. 46.
a. perceptible.
adj. to be felt, tangible, Mar.
m. teacher, master.
a, m. a teacher, tutor, master, Bs. i. 733, 625. 79, Greg. 23; barna-k., skóla-k., passim.
n. mark (cf. ‘ein~’).
n. a mark, Germ. kennzeichen; þeir mörkuðu kennum Orms þetta fé, Bs. i. 748; ein-kenni, q. v.
a. having the air of a priest, clerical.
adj. (-liga, adv.), clerical, 625. 85, Sks. 490: with the air, dignity of a priest, Bs. i. 183.
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m. priesthood, 415. 1, Sturl. i. 100, Stj. 241, 251, 301, passim.
(pl. -ar), f.
1) teaching, doctrine, lesson, esp. of preaching; kenna ~ar, to preach;
2) mark of recognition;
3) a poetical penphrasis or descriptive name.
f. doctrine, teaching, lesson, esp. of preaching, Fms. i. 148; kenna kenningar, to teach, preach, 625. 24, K. Á. 22, Bs. i. 140, N. T., Vídal.; tíðagörð ok k., passim; á-kenning, q. v.; viðr-k., acknowledgment.
2. a mark of recognition, Grett. 132 A; kenningar-orð, words of admonition, Hkr. iii. 23, Fb. iii. 279; kenningar-maðr = kennimaðr, Rb. 366; kenningar-sveinn, an apprentice, N. G. L. ii. 204.
II. a poetical periphrasis or descriptive name (see kenna A. V. 2), Edda passim, opp. to ókennd heiti (simple appellatives); a kenning is either simple (kennt), double (tví-kennt), or triple (rekit). The ancient circumlocutions were either drawn from mythology, as to call Thor the son of Earth (Jarðar sunr), and the heaven the skull of Ymir; or from the thing itself (sann-kenning), as to call the breast the mind’s abode: similar phraseology is found in all ancient poetry, but in the old northern poets it was carried farther and was more artificial than in other languages.
COMPDS: kenningarfaðir, kenningarnafn, kenningarson.
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m. a father by name, Joseph var k. Jesu, Hom. (St.)
n. surname.
n. a surname, Ld. 52, Nj. 22, Ó. H. 139, Fms. ii. 51, Fbr. 80, Stj. 139, Bs. i. 589, Eluc. 12.
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m. a natural son (see kenna A. 111. 1); Freysteinn var fóstri Þorbrands ok k., því at þat var flestra manna sögn at hann væri hans son, en ambátt var móðir hans, Eb. 156, Fms. xi. 162.
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m. a knower, Lex. Poët.
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m. doctrine, Stj. 2, 671. 22: mod. a body of learned men, the clergy.
m. = lærifaðir.
m. a teacher, Stj. 5: esp. patres ecclesiae; heilagra manna ok kennifeðra, Mar.; kennifeðr Kristninnar, 671. 22.
m. teacher, cleric, priest.
m. a teacher, but only used of a cleric or priest, opp. to leikmenn (laymen), Rb. 396; biskup ok aðrir kennimenn, Fms. i. 32; þriðja hlut (of the tithe) skyldu hafa kennimenn, Bs. i. 68; ok sagt upp í lögréttu af kennimönnum sumarit eptir, Íb. 17; ganga til skriptar við kennimann, K. Þ. K. 33, Bs. i. (e. g. Arna S.) passim; kennimanns-búningr, -klæði, a priest’s dress, 655 xiv, Stj. 110; kennimanna fundr, an œcumenical council, Ann. 485, Mar.; kennimanna setr, skyld, vist, a priest’s maintenance, residence, Fms. x. 317, Vm. 5, 108, Stj. passim; kennimanna kór, the choir, Bs. i. kennimanns-dómr, m. priesthood, Anecd. 12, Th. 52, Fms. viii. 9.
n. mark (= kenni).
n. a mark (= kenni), Fas. ii. 300, Sd. 137.
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n. a surname, Ýt. 27.
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f. sense, Hom. (St.)
f. power of recognition.
f. the faculty of recognition, Bs. i. 328, Greg. 26, Fas. ii. 446; cp. Scot. kenspeckle = easy to be recognised, remarkable.
n. pl.
1) recognition; bera ~ á e-n, to know, recognize one;
2) a charge made on evidence; hafa ~ á e-m, bera ~ á hendr e-m, to charge one with a thing.
n. pl., in the phrase, bera kennsl á e-t, to recognise, identify, Ó. H. 72, Fms. xi. 85, Mag. 97.
II. a charge made on evidence, N. G. L. i. 72; bar konungr á hendr bændum þessi kennsl, Ó. H. 103; vóru þá þessi k. borin á hendr honum, en hann synjaði þverliga ok bauð skírslur fyrir, Fms. vii. 186; þat var kennt Margretu dróttningu at hón hefði ráðit mann til at svíkja konunginn í drykk, þann mann tóku Birkibeinar ok höfðu þessi kennsl á honum, en hann setti þar syn fyrir ok bauð skírslur …, ix. 5. kennsla-mál, n. cases of circumstantial evidence; dular-eiðar ok um kennsla-mál, þar sem eigi eru lögleg vitni til, Gþl. 199; þar at skyldu allir eiða sverja um kennslamál öll, Ísl. ii. 403,—for these cases were disposed of by an oath of compurgators or by ordeal.
f.
1) teaching, instruction;
2) = kennsl 1.
u, f. teaching (kenning is properly preaching, kennsla teaching), Dipl. v. 3, Sturl. i. 126, iii. 242, Bs. i. 431, 846, passim; barna-k., teaching children; skóla-k., school-teaching.
COMPDS: kennslulaun, kennslupiltr.
II. = kensl (II), N. G. L. i. 410.
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n. pl. wages for teaching.
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m. a school-boy, Bs. i. 792.
f. champion (= kempa).
u, f. a champion; see kempa.
(-ta, -t), v. to contend, strive hard;
~ um e-t, to contend for or about a thing;
~ við e-n, to contend with one;
refl., ~st, to exert oneself;
~ við e-n, to contend with or against one;
~ til e-s or um e-t, to strive after, contend for a thing.
t, [kapp], to contend, strive hard, Am. 54, 61; keppa um e-t, Fms. iii. 214, Grág. i. 410; ef tveir menn keppa um einn hlut, Fb. i. 150; keppa við e-n, to contend with one, Nj. 29, Hkr. iii. 264.
II. reflex. to contest; þá kepptusk þeir svá mjök, at þeir rérusk svá nær, at þeir brutusk árarnar fyrir, Fms. viii. 216; kepptusk þau mjök um ágæta menn, vildi hvártveggja til sín hafa, i. 100; keppask til e-s, to strive after a thing; svá at hann keppisk til smárra hluta ok fær þó eigi, Ó. H. 87; eigi kepptumk ek til konungdómsins, Fms. viii. 219: k. við e-n, to contend with or against; eigi kepptisk hann auð við auðga menn, Róm. 347; Knúti konungi þótti hann keppask um skrautgirni við sik, Fms. v. 181; varask þú þat at þú keppisk við þér meiri menn, Eg. 21: absol., keppask við, to strive hard, do one’s best, Al. 154, Mag. 53: to be busy, work hard, freq. in mod. usage.
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adv. impetuously, Róm. 314.
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f. a beating with a keppr, Mar.
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adj. contentious, Háv. 42, Arnór.
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n. a thing worth fighting for: in the phrase, það er ekkert k., it is not worth having, metaphor prob. from the lagakefli, q. v.
m. cudgel, club.
m. [Dan. kjep], a cudgel, club, Skíða R. 136, Fas. iii. 345: a nickname, Sturl.
II. a sausage (= íspen, q. v.), from the shape.
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m. = kjaptr or keyptr, Þiðr. 122, Edda ii. 291.
n. tub, vessel, goblet.
n. [Goth. kas = σκευος; O. H. G. char; mid. H. G. kar; Dan. kar]:—a tub, vessel, Grág. ii. 339, Fs. 137, Bs. i. 336, 339, 340, Fms. vii. 150; hvert ker kann verða svá fullt at yfir gangi, Sturl. iii. 282: for fishing, göra garða eðr ker, Grág. ii. 350: valit ker, a chosen vessel, 656 C. 13, Matth. xxv. 4, Mark xi. 16, Luke viii. 16, Rom. ix. 21, 22, 1 Thess. iv. 4, 2 Tim. ii. 21, Rev. ii. 27: a goblet, Fms. x. 236, Js. 78, Hm. 18, 51: a chest, Gh. 7; aus-ker, a bucket, cp. Yngl. S. ch. 14; öl-ker, an ale cask, Orkn. 246; vín-ker, a wine cask; sýru-ker, Bs. i. 336; váð-ker = vestiarium; skap-ker = Gr. κρατήρ; gull-ker, leir-ker, silfr-ker, a gold, earthen, silver vessel: poët., vind-ker, the wind basin = the sky, Egil; ker svefna, ‘basins of sleep’ or ‘tear-basins’ = the eyes, Gísl. (in a verse).
n. tub.
n., proncd. kjarald, a cask, Matth. xiii. 48, Blas. 43; þeir kváðusk rakit hafa spor svá stór sem keralds botna, Grett. 111 A, esp. in dairy-work:—a measure, K. Á. 206.
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and kerfi, see kjarf.
n. bunch, bundle (mörg spjót, er bundin vóru í ~).
n. [A. S. cyrf; Scot. carf; Germ. kerbe]:—a bunch, wreath; blómstr-k.:—sina-k., the nervous system, etc. (mod.)
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f. or kergja, u, f. [kargr], doggedness.
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u, f. = kerling, kerla mín! Fas. iii. 65, Hrólfs S. 236 (Ed. 1664).
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proncd. kelli, = kerling, kelli mín! Piltr og Stulka, (convers.)
(pl. -ar), f.
1) woman, wife;
2) old woman.
f. [answering to karl, q. v.], a woman; þessi skal kerling heita því at hón er af karlmanninum komin, Stj. 34.
II. used, like Scot. carline, almost always of an old woman, and only of a common person, not of a lady, see karl; mær heitir fyrst hver, en kerlingar er gamlar eru, Edda 108; gaman þykkir kerlingunni at, móður várri, Nj. 68, Eb. 44; kerling ein gömul, an old woman, 318; kerlingin móðir konungs, Fms. i. 76; þar sem ek ligg einn í húsi ok kerling mín, I myself and my old wife, Grett. 127; körlum ok kerlingum, Gþl. 257; karls dóttir ok kerlingar, Fas. i. 22; karla börn ok kerlinga, Hkr. i. (in a verse); karl og kerling, karl og kerling í garðs horni, see karl; kellingar gamlar, hrumar ok örvasa, Fb. i. 423: in the phrase, fleyta or flytja kerlingar, to ‘float witches,’ to play at ducks and drakes; kerlingar nef, a nickname, Fb. iii; kellinga bani, a nickname, Fms. xi.
COMPDS: kerlingareldr, kerlingareyra, kerlingasaga, kerlingabók, kerlingartönn, kerlingavilla.
II. as a pr. name, Gullþ.; cp. Carolina.
III. naut., like Engl. carling, one of the fore and aft timbers supporting the planks of the deck, Edda (Gl. …
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m. a kind of mushroom.
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n. a kind of fucus.
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f., botan. lotus, Hjalt.
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f. an old woman’s story, nonsense.
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u, f.,
f. old woman’s tale, nonsense (þat er nú kölluð ~).
u, f. an old woman’s tale, nonsense, superstition, Sæm. 118.
f. car, chariot (~ sólarinnar).
1. u, f., gen. pl. kerrna, Stj. 288, [for. word], a car, chariot, Bret. 68, Stj. 204, 288, 387, Al. 42, Fb. i. 320; kerra sólarinnar, Edda 7; kerra Þórs, Nj. 131; eldlig k., Niðrst. 9; kerru gætir, a charioteer, Skálda 194, Pr. 477: the zodiacal sign, Rb. kerru-sleði, a, m. a kind of sledge, D. N.
2. t, to force or throw the neck backwards; hnakka-kertr (part.), throwing the neck backwards; heldr en ekki hnakka-kertr, höndum stingr mjaðmir á, Hallgr.
f. cheerfulness, fun (= keski).
f., often spelt and proncd. keski, [karskr], cheerfulness, mirth, fun, Fas. i. 525; mæla sér gaman ok k., Karl. 473, Ó. H. 170 (in a verse), Korm. (in a verse).
COMPDS: keskifimr, kerskilátr, kerskimál, kerskimáll, kerskiorð, kerskiorðr.
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adj. scurrilous: keskni, f. scurrility.
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adj. id., Skáld H. 2. 27.
n. jest.
n. a jest, Fbr. 207.
a. facetious.
adj. facetious, Fas. iii. 195.
n. pl. jokes.
-yrði, n. pl. jokes, Orkn. 302, Sturl. i. 21.
a. = kerskimáll.
adj. = kerskimáll, Skáld H. 3. 19.
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adj. = karskr; kersk þjóð, Lex. Poët.; ókerskr, enn ókerskari, the weaker (the poorer), Grág. (Kb.) i. 172.
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f. a candle-frame, Am. 8.
m. chandelier.
m. a chandelier, Vm. 35, H. E. ii. 107.
m. snufers.
a, m. snuffers, Stj. 565.
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u, f. a candlestick, Pm. 103.
f. candlestick.
u, f. a candlestick, Fms. iii. 28, Fs. 115, Rb. 384.
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m. a candle-box, Vm. 47.
n. wax candle, taper.
n. [from Lat. cera, cp. Germ. kerze]:—prop. a wax candle, taper, used in church service, as also in attending great men, Dipl. iii. 4; stóðu kerti-sveinar með kertum, Fms. x. 149; brunnu kerti um allan kór, Bs. i. 311: of votive candles, en kertið var fimm álna langt, 347; hétu þeir at göra kerti þat er tæki um oxann, id.; með steyptum kertum, Stj. 43, Sturl. iii. 266; kertis görð, candle making, Bs. i.
COMPDS: kertagrind, kertahjálmr, kertaklofi, kertapípa, kertastika, kertastokkr, kertisljós, kertislog, kertisrak, kertisstafr.
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and kerta-ljós, n. candle-light, Rb. 358, Fb. ii. 272.
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n. id., Ó. H. 2–25.
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n. a candle-wick, Bs. i. 118, 306.
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m. a ‘candle-staff,’ candlestick, Bs. i. 316.
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m. = kertahjálmr, B. K. 83.
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u, f. = kertastokkr, Pm. 25
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a, m. = kertaklofi, Vm. 25.
f. = kertastika.
u, f. = kertastika, Stj. 565, Fms. i. 124, v. 339.
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m. = kertastokkr, Ám. 8.
m. link-boy (attendant on a great man).
and kerta-sveinn, m. a ‘candle-boy,’ link-boy, an attendant on a great man, Hkr. iii. 181, Fms. vi. 422, vii. 159, ix. 421, x. 137, 147, 157.
n. = kerlaug.
n. a tub-bath, Fms. x. 147.
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u, f. a kind of fight in a tub, Fs. 137.
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m. a small basin, Thom. 518.
f. bathing in a tub.
f. ‘tub-washing,’ bathing in a tub, Lv. 118, Bjarn. 19, Fas. i. 377, cp. Fms. vii. 150.
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u, f. the placing of a fishing-creel, Vm. 85.
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f. fishing with creels, D. I. i. 179.
f. a kind of halberd.
u, f. [prob. a Celtic word from Celtic-Latin gaesum, cp. γαισος in Polyb.]:—a kind of halberd, Eg. 202, 285, 289, 378, 380, 387, Sks. 407, Fms. i. 43, iv. 65, vi. 76, 336, 411, 413, vii. 69, 72, 265, viii. 97, 120, 124, 318, 350, ix. 55, x. 314, Stj. 475, 486, Karl. 123; kesju fleinn, Fas. ii. 419; kesju lag, a thrust with a halberd, Fms. viii. 138; kesja skammskept, ii. 330, x. 363;—kesja, atgeir, and höggspjót appear to be the same thing.
2. a nickname, Fms. xi.
f. = kerski.
f., see kerski.
a. witty.
adj. witty, Bs. i. 81.
(dat. katli, pl. katlar), m. kettle, pot, cauldron (í eldahúsinu var eldr mikill ok katlar yfir).
m., dat. katli, pl. katlar, [Goth. katils = Mark vii. 4; A. S. cytel; Engl. kettle; O. H. G. kezil; Germ. kessel; Swed. kettel; Dan. kjædel]:—a kettle, cauldron, Eb. 198; í elda-húsinu var eldr mikill ok katlar yfir, Eg. 238, Bs. i. 342, ii. 135, B. K. 52, Fms. vi. 364, Edda 28; elda undir katli, kljúfa við undir ketil, Fbr. 72 new Ed., Fs. 150; var honum goldinn k. mikill ok góðr, Þorst. Siðu H. 171; búðar-k., Eb. 198; eir-k., Eg.; járn-k., stein-k., an iron, an earthen kettle, Ó. H. 223: in old usage as a general name for every kettle, boiler, cauldron; in mod. usage, esp. of a kettle of a certain shape or of a small kettle, kaffe-k., a coffee kettle; but pottr = cauldron; the same distinction is made in Dipl. v. 4.—sex katlar, tíu pottar: katla-máls skjóla, a measure, Grág. i. 501: the phrase, e-m fellr allr ketill í eld, one’s kettle falls into the fire, of consternation.
2. the earliest northern eccl. law prescribed as an ordeal for a woman to take hot stones out of a boiling kettle, whereas a man had to take up hot iron; ganga til ketils, taka í ketil, Gkv. 3. 7, (the ordeal being called ketil-tak, n. …
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m. the bottom of a kettle, Bær. 8.
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m. a kiln (?), N. G. L. ii. 246.
f. kettle-handle.
u, f. a kettle-handle, Fms. i. 36.
n. kettle-grime, soot.
n. kettle-grime, soot, Fas. iii. 621, Barl. 41.
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n. a gridiron, D. N. iv. 457.
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u, f. a kind of small boat, Edda (Gl.)
(-s, -ar), m. kitten.
m., dimin. a kitten, Fms. vii. 219.
f. she-cat; giantess.
u, f. a she-cat: of a giantess, Fb. i. 526, Grett. 151 new Ed.: kettu-hryggr, m. a nickname, Bs. i.
adv. after the manner of a bargain.
adv. bargain-like, businesslike, Grett. 120.
(-ða, -ðr), v.
1) to whip, lash, prick on (hann keyrði þá hest sinn); ~ hest sporum, to put spurs to a horse;
2) to ride (keyrir síðan sem harðast til sinna manna);
3) to fling (S. bregðr honum á loft ok keyrir hann út á Rangá); ~ e-n útbyrðis, to fling overboard;
4) to drive, thrust (~ nagla, ~ sverð í höfuð e-m); Jórunn tók sokkana ok keyrði um höfuð henni, J. struck her about the head with the stockings;
5) impers., e-n keyrir, one is driven, tossed, by the wind, waves (fundu þeir eigi fyrr en þá keyrði á land upp); e-t keyrir ór hófi, it exceeds all measure.
ð, [Dan. kjöre], to whip, lash, prick on; hann keyrði þá hest sinn, Nj. 55; villt þú at ek keyra hest þinn? 91; k. hest sporum, Edda 38; k. jóa oddum, Hkv. 2. 38; ok hörðum mik höggum keyrði, Gkv. 1; látið þá keyra upp (whip up, raise) fólkit, Fms. vii. 182; hann hafði svipu í hendi ok keyrði hana, Sd. 185; hann stígr á stafinn ok keyrir sem börn eru vön at göra, Fms. iii. 176.
2. to drive, ride; keyrir siðan sem harðest til sinna manna, Karl. 241; keyra plóg, to drive a plough, Rm. 10.
II. to drive; höggit ok leggit til þeirra ok keyrit þá í brott héðan, Nj. 247.
2. to fling; þá greip bæjar-maðrinn Kjartan, ok keyrði í kaf, Fms. ii. 28; bregðr honum á lopt ok keyrir hann út á Rangá, Nj. 108; keyra e-n útbyrðis, to fling overboard, Fms. vi. 16: Grímr greip upp Þórð ok keyrir niðr svá hart, at hann lamdisk allr, Eg. 192.
3. to drive, thrust, of a weapon; hann keyrði til spörðu, Ó. H. 95; hann skal taka kníf þann ok keyra í gegnum hönd þess er lagði, Gþl. 165; keyra nagla, to drive a nail, Líkn. 16; prestr keyrði hæl á bjarginu (drove a peg into the rock) ok bar á grjót, Grett. …
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I) n. whip.
II) from kjósa.
n. a whip, Sturl. iii. 105; keyris-högg, 117; keyris-vöndr, a ‘whip-wand,’ Grág. ii. 295.
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u, f. driving, D. N.
f. foul water.
u, f. foul water (= veisa), Konr. 39: mod. stinking urine.
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[Swed. kel; Dan. kjelen, kjele = to fondle; cp. also ein-kili]:—it occurs only in COMPDS: kélisjúkr, kélisótt.
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adj. hysterical; fyrir kelisjúkar konur, Fsm. 23.
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or kéli-sýki, f., Swed. kelenhet = hysterics, Fél.
(gen. pl. kiða or kiðja), n. kid.
n., gen. kiðja, Þorf. Karl. l. c.; but better kiði, dat. kiðum, Grág. i. 503; [Engl. and Swed. kid]:—a kid, Fms. vi. 260, Barl. 53, Mork. 227; geitr með kiðum, Grág. i. 503; kið eðr kálf, Fms. i. 53; kiðja-mjólk, kid’s milk, Þorf. Karl. 376; þar lágu kið tvau bundin, Gullþ. 63: in local names, Kið-ey, Kiða-fell, etc., Landn.
(-s, -ar), m. young kid.
m. a kidling, young kid, Mork. 227, Pr. 472, 477, Stj.: a nickname, Sturl. iii. 209. kiðlings-munnr, m. a nickname, Fms.
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n. a kid-skin, Stj. 165, Rétt. 2. 10.
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a, m. a nickname (cp. Engl. Kitchin), in Kikina-skáld, the poet of K., Fms. vi.
(að), v. to bend backwards to sink at the knees (~ í knésbótum).
að. [cp. keikr], to sink at the knees through a heavy burden; kikna í knésbótum, Fbr. 159, v. l. (but lyknar, Fb. l. c.); rekr klærnar framan í fangit svá at Ormr kiknar við, Fb. i. 530; ok er hann bar af sér lagit kiknaði hann við, Grett. 3 new Ed.; lá við at hann mundi kikna, Fms. iii. 187.
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m. a nickname, Fms. ix. 326.
from kjölr, keel.
a, m. [cp. Dan. kjelen], only in the compd ein-kili, q. v.
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að, to fondle (?); kiljar kván ok elja, Edda ii. 491 (in a verse).
m. handle (of a vessel).
m. a handle of a vessel (= hadda); mösurbolli ok yfir gylltr kilpr, Fagrsk. 115; ok yfir kilpr gyldr af silfri, Mork. 19: in mod. usage kilpr is a loop of whalebone fastening the handle to the bucket.
f. skirt, lap (hann hafði Inga konung í ~ sér).
f. [Scot. kilt], a skirl; hann hafði Inga konung í kilting sér, Fms. vii. 208 (í kiltingu sér, Mork. 208), xi. 346; Þórólfr bar hann í kiltingu sinni til skógar, vi. 325; steypði hann silfrinu í kilting sína, Ó. H. 135; í kjöltungu sér, Fb. iii. 365; see kjalta.
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a, m. a nickname, Eb.
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m. [kumbl], a little trunk, a bundle (= auka-pinkill); kimbill næfra, N. G. L. i. 101. kimla-bönd, n., prop. trusses, a metrical term, in which a foot is added (trussed) to the end of each line, Edda 135, 136; brands hnigþili randa stranda, where ‘stranda’ is the additional foot (kimbill).
(að), v. to truss up.
að, to truss up; at k. yðrum vandræðum á mínar áhyggjur, to make your troubles into a truss with my cares, Fms. viii. 20, v. l.
(pl. kindir and kindr), f.
1) kind, race; fyrða (gumna, seggja, skatna, ýta) ~, the sons of men, mankind;
2) creature, being; lifði engi kvik ~ eptir, no living creature lived after; sterkari en nökkur ~ önnur, stronger than any other creature; helgar.
f., pl. kindir, mod. kindr; [A. S. cind, gecynd; Engl. kind; cp. Lat. gent-em (gens)]:—kind, kin, kith, of men and beasts; helgar kindir, ‘holy-kind’ = the gods, Vsp. 1, opp. to mann-kind, mankind; ok ólusk þaðan af mannkindir, Edda 6; bæði karl-kindar ok kvenn-kindar, both of male kind and female kind, 79; mellu kind, the giantess kind, Nj. (in a verse); Hrímnis kind, giant kind, Hdl.; Fenris kind, the kith of F. = the wolves; Ellu kind, the kith of Ella = the English; Gamla kind, Fjölnis kind, the kindred of G. (Fjölni); Jamta kindir, the Jamt people; Bjarmskar kindir, the Perms; Syslu kind, the Osel people, Vsp. 32, Ó. H. (in a verse), Fagrsk. (in a verse), Hallfred, Hkr. i. (in a verse), Ýt.; Svía kind, the Swedish people, id.: mann-kind. q. v.; firða kind, virða, ljóna, skatna, seggja, gumna, ýta kind or kindir, the kind (sons) of men = mankind, Sól. 1, Rekst. 4, Vsp. 14, Likn. 3;, Lex. Poët. passim; þær kindir, those people, Gkv. 2. 31; hver kind, what kind of people? = who? Kormak; þvi fólki er svá háttað at þat er miklu stærra ok sterkara en nokkur kind önnur, than any other creature, Fas. …
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f. brooch (~ var á bringu).
u, f., also spelt qinga, [kengr; Shetl. keengs, a pewter brooch]:—a brooch worn on the breast by ladies, so called from the clasp (kengr) by which it was fastened; kinga var á bringu, Rm. 26; kross skal dóttir hafa eða kingu, hvárt sem hón vill, eða brjóst-búnað inn bezta, ef eigi er ór gulli görr, N. G. L. i. 211 (Js. 78); þar fannsk k. ok seiðstaðr mikill, Ld. 328. As foreign coins, or copies of them, were used as brooches (Worsaae, Nos. 398–409), δραχμή (Luke xv. 8), drachma of the Vulgate is rendered in an old version of the 12th century by kinga, ef kona nequer á tio qingor, … fagnið ér með mér, þvíat ek fann kingo mína; leita kingo, … en líkneski es merkð á kingo, … kinga fanzk es umb var snúit, Greg. Frump. 82, 83.
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u, f. the name of a mare, Grett.
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n., snjó-kingi, a heavy fall of snow.
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d, to swallow; k. e-u niðr, hann getr ekki kingt: to fall thick, of snow; það kingir niðr snjó.
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in the phrase, koma til kings, to come to kicks (?), Skíða R. 155.
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ð, = kinka.
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að, to nod archly with the head; kinka kollinum: cf. kengr.
(pl. kinnr), f. cheek.
f., gen. kinnar; pl. kinnr, old kiðr, Lb. 18, Ísl. ii. 481, 686 C. 2: [Ulf. kinnus = σιαγών; A. S. cin; Engl. chin; O. H. G. kinni; Dan. kind, etc.; Gr. γένυς; Lat. gena]:—the cheek; hleypti hann annarri brúninni ofan á kinnina, Eg. 305, 564; kómu rauðir flekkir í kinnr honum, Nj. 68; roði í kinnunum, 30; kenna við höku, kinnr eða kverkr, Edda 109; vátar kiðr af gráti, Lb. l. c.; báðar kiðr, Ísl. ii. l. c.; ljós beggja kinna, poët. the ‘cheek-beam’ = eyes, Kormak.
COMPDS: kinnarbein, kinnarkjálki, kinnasár.
n. = kinnbein.
n. pl. = kinnbein, Hkr. iii. 36:, Sd. 147, Bjarn. 36, Skíða R. 9.
m. the upper jaw-bone.
a, m. the jaw-bone, 623. 31, Stj. 77, Sturl. ii. 95, iii. 186, Rd. 299.
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n. a cheek wound, Landn. 54.
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adj. with full cheeks.
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part. with sunken, thin, haggard checks.
(-s, -ar), m. bow of a ship.
m. the bow of a ship, Fms. viii. 139, x. 78.
n. cheek-bone.
n. pl. cheek-bones. Bárð. 176, Fms. iii. 186.
f. cheek-piece of a helmet.
f. the cheek-piece, of a helmet, Sturl. ii. 220, Grett. 118, Karl. 286.
f. ‘cheek-flesh’.
u, f. the ‘cheek-flesh,’ cheeks, Fas. i. 88, Gullþ. 27.
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m. ‘cheek-fish,’ the cheek-muscles.
COMPDS: kinnfiskamikill, kinnfiskasoginn.
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adj. gray-cheeked, Skálda 193 (in a verse).
m. box on the ear.
m. a ‘cheek-horse,’ box on the ear, 623. 56, Ld. 134, Nj. 75, 116, Finnb. 322, Fms. vii. 157, Pr. 445.
(see höggva), v. to hew or hack the cheek.
hjó, to hew or hack the cheek, Landn. 54, v. l.
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a, m. the jaw-bone. Lex. Poët.
n. leather cheek-piece of a bridle.
n. the leather cheek-piece of a bridle, Grett. 129.
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u, f. ‘cheek-crevice,’ a nickname, Fb. iii.
m. blush of shame.
a, m. ‘cheek-blushing,’ blush of shame, 655 xx. 3, Hom. 53, Anecd. 6, Stj. 325, Bs. i. 856, Mar., passim; göra e-m kinnroða, to put one to shame, Stj. 423.
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a, m. a horse with a piebald head, Sturl. i. 40, v. l.
a. with piebald cheeks (of a horse).
adj. with piebald head, of a horse, Gullþ. 13.
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n. a kicking in the face, Fas. iii. 502.
m. beard.
m. the ‘cheek-shaw,’ poët. = the beard, Hým. 10.
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m. = kinnskjóni, Gullþ.
m. cheek.
a, m. the cheek, Eg. 386, Fms. x. 78, v. l.
I)
(-ta, -t), v. to pull, snatch, draw quickly (Egill kipti at sér sverð-inu); hann kippir mönnum at sér, he gets men together; ~ ofan seglinu, to pull the sail down; impers., e-m kippir í kyn (um e-t), one resembles his kinsmen (in something);
refl., ~st um e-t, to struggle with one another about a thing; ~ við, to make a sudden motion (kippist hann svá hart við, at jörð öll skelfr).
II)
f. bundle, string (of).
u, f. a bundle drawn upon a string; fisk-k., korn-k., Nj.
I)
(-ta, -t), v. to pull, snatch, draw quickly (Egill kipti at sér sverð-inu); hann kippir mönnum at sér, he gets men together; ~ ofan seglinu, to pull the sail down; impers., e-m kippir í kyn (um e-t), one resembles his kinsmen (in something);
refl., ~st um e-t, to struggle with one another about a thing; ~ við, to make a sudden motion (kippist hann svá hart við, at jörð öll skelfr).
II)
f. bundle, string (of).
t and ð, [Scot. to kip, see Jamies.]:—with dat. to pull or snatch; hann kipði honum upp at pallinum, Ó. H. 95; þá tók konungr í hár sveininum ok kipði, 63; k. bryggjum af landi. to pull in the gangways before weighing anchor, Fms. x. 286; kippa af (kippa út) þeirri bryggjunni, er þar var í meðal skipanna, i. 158; kippa ofan seglinu, to pull the sail down, Bs. i. 422; k. skóm á fætr sér, to slip on shoes, Nj. 28; Egill kipti at sér sverðinu, E. drew the sword in, Eg. 379; hann kippir mönnum at sér, he gets men together, Ld. 64; Guð kipti honum frá riki …, Sks. 714; k. aptr orðum sínum, to retract one’s words, 680; má því engu upp kippa, it cannot be retracted, 655 xx. 6.
II. impers., in the phrase, e-m kippir í kyn um e-t, ‘to turn into one’s kin’ (= bregða í kyn), to be ‘a chip of the old block,’ resemble one’s kinsman; er þat eigi örvænt at honum kippi í kyn, Glúm. 346; at honum mundi í kyn kippa um údælleik, Sturl. i. 15; vera má at oss Íslendingum kippi í kyn, þó at vér gangim heldr fyrir blíðu en stríðu, Fms. ii, 34.
III. reflex., kippask, to pull, tug; kippask um e-t, to ‘pull caps,’ struggle with one another about a thing; …
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n. a sheaf, Barl. 34.
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f. a pulling, snatching, N. G. L. i. 157.
m. pull, jerk, shock.
m. a pall, shock, spasm; sina-kippir, nervous spasms; verðr nú við kippr mikill, Mar. 1056: metaph. a pull, a distance; góðan kipp, a good bit of the way.
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að, [kippa], to wrinkle, draw tight, of a slight spasmodic contraction.
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m. a slight spasm, such as to form a fold or wrinkle.
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n. a bunch.
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að, [Κύριε], to chant, intone; k. upp söng; hann var að kirja kvæðin sín, Stef. Ól.
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m. a pr. name = Κύριος Άλέξιος, Fms.
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m. = Κύριε ἐλέησον in the Litany, Fms. viii. 227, Pm. 29, Jm. 34.
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m. pl. the people on the Finnish Gulf, Careles.
(gen. pl. kirkna), f. church.
u, f., gen. pl. kirkna; [Scot. kirk; Dan. kirke; Germ. kirche; but Engl. church]
I. a kirk, church; timbr-k., a timber church; stein-k., a stone church; the earliest Scandin. churches were all built of timber, the doors and pillars being ornamented with fine carved work, see Worsaae, Nos. 505–508; in the 12th and following centuries the old timber churches were one by one replaced by stone buildings. In Denmark the last timber church was demolished at the beginning of the 17th century, but in Norway some old churches (called stav-kyrkior) have remained up to the present time, see an interesting essay in Nord. Aarb. 1869, p. 185 sqq. Many passages in the Sagas refer to the building of churches, especially in records of the years following after 1000, see esp. Ld. ch. 74 sqq.; a curious legend, for the purpose of encouraging men to build churches, is told in Eb. ch. 49,—that a man could grant as many souls a seat in heaven as the church which he built held persons; ok þegar er þingi var lokit (the summer of A. D. 1000) lét Snorri goði göra kirkju at Helgafelli, en aðra Styrr mágr hans undir Hrauni, ok hvatti pat mjök til kirkju-görðar, at þat var fyrirheit kennimanna, at maðr skyldi jafnmörgum eiga heimolt rúm í himinríki, sem standa mætti í kirkju þeirri er hann lét göra, Eb. …
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n. a keeping church-days, Hom. 93.
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n. a church-yard gate, Fms. ix. 517.
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f. a church-law book, book of the canons, Bs. i. (Laur. S.)
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m. = kirkjufundr, Mar.
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m. a parishioner, K. Á. 40, N. G. L. i. 14.
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n. a parish meeting, Gþl. 389.
n. ban of the church.
n. the ban of the church, Bs. i. 749.
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f. = kirkjumáldagi, H. E. ii. 207: mod. a church book.
n. church estate.
n. a church estate, an estate on which a church is built, K. Þ. K. 170.
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m. id., K. Þ. K. 48, Landn. 50.
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a, m. a church-’statesman,’ church-franklin, Vm. 116.
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or -búnaðr, m. church hangings, Vm. 156, K. Þ. K. 154, Hom. 97.
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m. = kirkjuból, K. Þ. K. passim, Fms. ix. 351.
m. church-day, anniversary.
m. a church-day, anniversary, Germ. kirchweihe, Sturl. i. 35, 106, K. Þ. K. 42, Bs. i. 77, Hom. 97, Pm. 10.
m. church patron.
m. a church lord, church patron, Sturl. iii. 197.
f. church property.
f. church property, Bs. i. 689, H. E. i. 458.
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n. a church office, K. Á. 232.
n. church property.
n. church property, K. Þ. K. 48, Sturl. ii. 4, Bs. i. 748.
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n. church people.
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f. church-freedom, privilege, K. Á. 216, H. E. i. 459.
m. church-peace, sanctuary.
m. church-peace, sanctuary, K. Á. 46, Sturl. i. 30, Fms. ix. 524; kirkju-friðbrot, a breach of church sanctuary, H. E. i. 242.
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m. an œcumenical council.
f. church-going.
u, f. church going, Sturl. i. 168: churching after childbirth, H. E. ii. 86.
m. churchyard.
m. a church-yard, K. Þ. K. passim, Eg. 768, Ám. 89, Sks. 95.
a. n., eiga ~, to be allowed to go to church.
n. part., an eccl. term; eiga k., to be allowed to go to church, not being under ban, Sturl. ii. 42, K. Þ. K. 26.
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f. a donation to a church, K. Þ. K. 166.
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n. church properly, glebes, H. E. i. 529.
n. pl. = kirkjufriðr.
n. pl. = kirkjufriðr, Sks. 770, Fms. ix. 478, Sturl. i. 30, iii. 71.
a. who can be buried at a church.
adj. who can be buried at a church, not being under ban, K. Á. 6, N. G. L. i. 4, Gþl. 58.
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f. church-building, Rb. 396, Bs. i. 163, Fms. ix. 236, N. G. L. i. 344.
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f. church service, Hom. 93, Sturl. i. 29.
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a, m. a church portion, Bs. i. 748, Am. 222.
n. church-land, glebe.
n. church-land, glebe, K. Þ. K. 170.
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adj. ecclesiastic, H. E. i. 501.
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adj. fit for a church, of timber, Pm. 106: neut., eiga kirkjulægt = to be kirkjugræfr, Grág. ii. 62, K. Þ. K. 34.
n. pl. ecclesiastical law.
n. pl. church-law, ecclesiastical law, Bs. i.
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a, m. a church deed, written, Vm. 7.
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n. a church cause, church question, K. Á. 216.
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m. pl. churchmen.
f. = kirkjudagr.
u, f. = kirkjudagr, Fms. viii. 46.
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f. pl. = kirkjugrið, Jb. 93.
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m. a church priest, parson, Grág. i. 73, Vm. 166.
n. sacrilege.
n. sacrilege, Bs. i. 775.
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m. a church account, Vm. 69.
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a, m. jetsum belonging to a church, Jm. 1.
m. church-right.
m. a church right, Sturl. iii. 267.
n. wing of a church.
n. the wing of a church, Fms. vi. 302, ix. 492, v. l.
n. church ornament.
n. a church ornament, Am. 7.
n. church ornament.
n. (-skrúði, a, m.). a church ornament, Vm. 5, 58, 108, Landn. 389 (App.), B. K. 82.
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f. (-skylda, u, f.), a church claim or right, Dipl. v. 5, 28, Vm. 113.
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f. = kirkjugörð, 656 A. ii. 14, Bs. i. 81.
f.
1) church-worship, attendance at service;
2) parish.
f. church-worship, attendance at service; at kirkjusóknum eða mannfundum, Grág. i. 419; þeir höfðu k. til Burakirkju, Fms. xi. 159; með rettlæti, k. ok bænum, Hom. 31, 65: mod. a parish, freq., Sks. 94. Fms. x. 66.
f. church pavement.
f. a church pavement, Sturl. iii 221 C.
m. church pew.
m. a church pew, Sturl. iii. 182, Vm. 5.
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m. sacrilege, Hom. 33.
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m. church music.
f. church tithe.
f. a church tithe, K. Þ. K. 152, K. Á. 98, Pm. 35, Bs. i. 749.
n. pl. church hangings.
n. pl. church hangings, Vm. 11, Grág. i. 460.
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u, f. church keeping, Bs. i. 129.
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m. the church path, way to church, D. N.
m. church timber.
m. church-timber, Landn. 54, Vm. 53, Ld.
f. attendance at church.
f. a being in church, Bs. i. 902.
f. consecration of a church.
u, f. consecration of a church, K. Á. 28, 102, Sturl. i. 121.
m. churchwarden.
m. a churchwarden, 655 xiii. B.
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m. a church thief.
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u, f. = kirkjumessa, Vm. 35. kirkmessu-dagr, m. = kirkjudagr, Dipl. i. 5.
f. churn.
u, f. [North. E. and Scot. kirn]:—a churn. kirnu-askr, m. a churn-pail; þeir er heiman hafa hlaupit frá kirnuaskinum, Fms. viii. 350, xi. 272, Boldt. 167.
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m. = kjarnhafr, Grág. ii. 194.
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adj. quibbling, Krók. ch. 6.
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u, f. puss, the pet name of a cat. kisu-gras, n., botan. echium vulgare, viper’s bugloss.
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a, m. = kisa; köttr ok kisi, Fas. iii. 556: the name of a giant, Edda (Gl.): a nickname, Ann. 1362, 1382.
(gen. pl. kistna), f.
1) chest;
2) coffin (= lík~).
u, f., gen. pl. kistna, Nj. 20; [A. S. kist; North. E. and Scot. kist; Engl. chest; Dan. kiste; from Lat. cista]:—a chest, Eg. 310; í kerum eða kistum, N. G. L. i. 383; kómu til kistu kröfðu lukla, Vkv.; kistur ok hirzlur, 656 B. 1, passim; kistu lok, botn, lykill, the cover, bottom, key of a chest, Nj. 94; kistu-fjöl, a chest board, Hom. 155; kistu-hringr, a ring in a chest, Fms. x. 258; kistu-þrum, the old shell of a chest, Pm. 64, 73: a coffin (usually lík-kista), Eg. 126, 127, Grág. i. 207, Bs. i. 337, Fs. 132; kemba ok þerra áðr í kistu fari, Sdm. 34; knörr mun ek kaupa ok kistu steinda, Ám. 101, see Worsaae, No. 504: the seat in the poop of a ship (cp. hásætis-k.), Orkn. 400, Fms. vii. 201: the word, although foreign, is old, as it occurs in old poems such as Vkv., Sdm., Am. kistna-smiðr, n. a joiner, Rétt. 2. 10, N. G. L. ii. 246. kistu-leggja, lagði, to lay in a coffin.
(-s, pl. kistlar), m. little chest, small box.
m., dimin., dat. kistli, a little box, Vm. 29, 655 xiii. B. 2, Fms. iii. 136, Fas. iii. 296.
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interj. puss, puss!
(að), v. to tickle.
að, [A. S. citelan; Scot. kittle; Germ. kitzeln]:—to tickle, with acc., Mar. 1057; kitlaðu mig ekki! impers., mig kitlar, I feel ticklish; kitlar þig? etc.
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f. pl. a feeling ticklish.
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n. [O. H. G. kip; Germ. keib; Dutch kijf; Swed. kif]:—a quarrel, strife, Art.
(að), v. to quarrel.
að, [Germ. keifen or keiben], to strive, quarrel, Stj. 159, 255.
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f. a quarrel, quarrelling, Stj. 163, 295.
a. quarrelsome.
adj. quarrelsome, Grett. 116 A, 120, Ísl. ii. 62.
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m. [Dan. kikkert], a telescope.
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t, [Scot. keek; Dan. kige], to stare; see kaga.
m. narrow inlet, canal.
m. [kil, Ivar Aasen; mid. H. G. kil; cp. the Germ. prop. name Kiel]:—an inlet, canal; iða, fors ok kill, Edda (Gl.); þar skarsk inn vík ein eigi mikil, fundu þeir þar andir margar ok kölluðu Anda-kíl, Eg. 131; at læk þeim, er ofan fellr í kíl þann, er fellr út í ána, Vm. 162.
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f., gen. Kíprar, Cyprus, Symb. 27.
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t, to quarrel; see kýta.
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m. a kind of garment worn by the Indians in America, Þorf. Karl. 412.
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n. in axar-kjagg, an old, blunt hatchet.
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m. a name of Odin, Edda (Gl.), Gm.
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m. a kind of bird, a quail (?), Edda (Gl.)
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m., see hæll. Fas. ii. 589.
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f. = kjalvegr, Slurl. iii. 278.
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n. = kjal-tré, Fb. i. 433.
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m. a pr. name, from Gaelic Cealloc, Landn.; whence Kjallekingar or Kjalleklingar, m. pl. the men or family of K., Eb., Landn.
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f. the name of a giantess, Edda (Gl.)
m. cellar.
a, m. [from Lat. cella, as are Engl. cellar, Germ. keller, etc.]:—a cellar, Bs. i. 840, Fms. xi. 425, Grett. 98 A, Sturl. ii. 152, 242, iii. 228, passim.
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m. a man from Kjalarnes (see kjölr), Sturl. ii. 192.
(gen. kjöltu), f. lap.
u, f. [from kilting, q. v.], the ‘kilt,’ lap; hann greip taflit ok steypir í kjöltu sér, Fas. iii. 629, Skáld H. 6. 37: esp. of a woman, hafa barn í kjöltu, kjöltu-barn, a ‘lap-bairn,’ a baby; kjöltu-rakki, a lap-dog.
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n. the bottom of a boat, in which the bilg water is; no doubt derived from kjölsýja, q. v.
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n. a ‘keel-tree,’ keel-imber.
m. a way leading across a ridge of mountains (local name).
m. ‘keel-way,’ local name of a high ridge of mountains, = kjölr (II), Fas. i. 56.
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a, m. = kjannr, a cooked sheep’s head.
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að, to maunder.
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m. [kinn], the side of the head, Edda 109.
m. pet name of a he-goat.
a, m. pet name of a he-goat, from the ‘chopping’ of his teeth, Edda (GL); brakar í klaufum á kjappa mínum, Fas. iii. 305.
(að), v. to chatter, gabble.
að, to chatter, gabble, tell tales, use scurrilous language, Fas. iii. 305.
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m. a gabbler.
(-s, -ar), m. = kjöptr.
m., older form kjöptr or keyptr, in ginkeyptr, q. v.; [Germ. kiefer; Dutch kieuw; Dan. kjæft]:—the mouth, jaw, of beasts or in a vulgar sense; Davíð tekr sinni hendi hvern kjöptinn, Stj. 459; hann reif í sundr kjapta ins úarga dyrs, Rb. 382; er inn efri kjöptr við himni en inn neðri við jörðu, … hann stígr öðrum fæti í neðra keypt úlfsins, annarri hendi tekr hann í enn efra keypt úlfsins ok rífr sundr gin hans, Edda 41, 42; ef maðr bindr tagl í munn á hrossi manns, eða bindr kept við fót, Grág. i. 383; opt í Ægis kjöpta, Edda (in a verse); skjöldrinn gékk upp í munninn svá at rifnaði kjaptrinn en kjálkarnir hlupu ofan á bringuna, Grett. 95 new Ed.; skeggstaðinn, hökuna, kjaptana báða, Fb. i. 531: in abuse, halda kjapti, as in Engl. slang, hold your jaw, Germ. maul halten; skrokknum lifir ekkert á | utan tómr kjaptr, a ditty.
COMPDS: kjaptaskúmr, kjaptshögg.
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n. a box on the ear, vulgar.
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m. a gabbler; hann er mesti kjaptás.
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adj. scurrilous.
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n. pl. the creek or corner of the mouth, of a beast, = munnvik, of a person.
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n. loquacity, slander.
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n. = kerfi, a bundle; spjót bundin í kerfi, tied in a bundle, Sturl. iii. 101 C; kjarf riklinga, N. G. L. i. 143: kœrf riklinga, 304.
m. vigour, pith, energy.
m. vigour, pith, energy; ór þér er barðr kjarkr allr, Fb. ii. 189; gat hann þá talit kjark í Berg rindil, Bs. i. 808; þat segi þér at mér fylgi engi kjarkr, Fagrsk. 176; telja knell ok kjark (kirk, MS.) í þá, 655 xxvii. 24, Bs. i. 654 (in a verse).
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adj. (-leysi, n.), weak, faint.
n. lack of vigour.
n. lack of vigour, Sturl. i. 162 (in a verse).
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m. an energetic man.
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f. [Dan. kjerne-melk], ‘churn-milk,’ butter-milk, Thom. 447.
m. kernel, esp. of berries.
a, m. [Germ. kern; Dan. kjerne; cp. also Engl. kernel]:—a kernel, nucleus, esp. of berries, Mar.; or metaph., k. landsins, the best of the land, Stj. 221; Látínu-k., nucleus Latinitatis; Bíbliu-k., etc.
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adj. fat, good, of milk, pasture, or the like; það er kjarn-gott, cp. kjarni and Engl. churn.
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m. a he-goat, ram, Grág. i. 503.
(pl. kjörr), n. copsewood, brush-wood, thicket.
m. a kind of bird, a curlew (?), Edda (Gl.)
(pl. kjörr), n. copsewood, brush-wood, thicket.
n., pl. kjörr; [Dan. kjær; Ivar Aasen kjerr and kjorr]:—copsewood, brushwood; kjörr ok skóga, Rm. 43; smávíði ok kjörr, Eg. 580; ok stingr niðr í jörðina undir eitt kjarr, Þiðr. 68; hann lét liðit fara í kjörr nokkur, Fms. viii. 79; þá er þeir riðu um kjörr nokkur, Orkn. 80; ok reið ek þér þar knút á kjarrinu, Hkr. iii. 265, Fms. vii. 123; fram um kjörrin, viii. 414; hrís-k., q. v.
f. marsh-ground with brushwood.
f. a marsh grown with brushwood, Hkr. iii. 138.
m. copsewood.
m. copsewood, Eg. 546, Fms. vii. 68, viii. 172.
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að, to coax.
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n. coaxing: kjass-máll, adj. coaxing.
(kjái, kjáða, kjáð), v.; hverr þeirra kjár nefinu at öðrum, they put their heads together.
ð, to grin, make grimaces, look stupid; sér þú at hverr kjár nefinu at öðrum, Grett. 147 A; eins og ganti orðið hvert við hváði | æði-lengi framan í mig kjáði, Snót 215.
m.
1) jaw-bone;
2) hand-sledge (draga kjálka).
a, m. [Engl. cheek; O. H. G. chelch; mid. H. G. kelch]:—the jaw-bone; höku ok kjálka, Fms. ii. 59, vii. 141, passim.
II. a kind of sledge; draga kjálka, Gm. 47; görði Bárðr kjálka hverju kvikendi, ok lét hvert draga sitt fóðr, Landn. 226.
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að, = kjá, q. v., (slang.)
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a, m. a sea bird of the tern kind, Hill’s sterna 3, coprotherus: kjóa-egg, n., -hreiðr, n., -ungi, a, m. the egg, nest, young of the k.
(-s, -ar), m. poet. ship.
m. [from Dan. kjole; contr. from kyrtill]:—a frock, coat, (mod.)
(-s, -ar), m. poet. ship.
m., in sense and declension to be distinguished from kjölr, a keel; [A. S. ceôl; North. E. keel = a flat-bottomed boat for carrying coals; O. H. G. cheol, chiel]:—a keel, barge, ship: this word is freq. in old poetry, even in such as Vsp., but in prose it only occurs twice, and in both instances of English ships; whereas in A. S. it is freq. even in pr. and local names, as Ceolmund, Chelsea: it was prob. borrowed from the English:
α. in poetry; kjóll ferr austan, Vsp.; snefgir kjólar, Hkv. I. 48; kjóla-valdi, a keel-wielder, Hým. 19; ríða kjól, Rm. 45; kjóla keyrir, a keelman, Landn. 223 (in a verse); hæls hleypi-kjólar, poët. the leaping keels of the heels = the feet, Fms. vi. (in a verse); arin-kjóll, ‘hearth-keel’ = a house, Ýt.; Ullar kjóll, the keel of the god Ull = the shield, Rekst. 6: kjól-rennir, m. a keel-runner, sailor, Bs. i. (in a verse).
β. in prose; en hón (the lightning) laust siglu-tré á kjól einum, er flaut fyrir bænum, einn hlutr af trénu varð at skaða manni er kominn var á kjólinn at kaupa glys, en enga sakaði aðra þá er á kjólnum vóru, Fb. …
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f., also kvos, a deep or hollow place, Post. 308 = dæl, q. v.: a local name, Kjós, Kjósar-sýsla, in the south of Iceland, Landn. Kjós-verjar, m. pl. the men of Kjós, Sturl. i. 199.
(kýs; kaus, køri and keyri; kusum and kurum; kosinn, kørinn), v.
1) to choose, select (valkyrjur ríða jafnan at ~ val);
2) to desire, wish (þá kýs ek laust kaup várt);
~ heldr, to choose rather, prefer;
3) to elect (~ biskup);
4) with preps.:
~ e-n af fleirum, to select, choose from a number;
~ af, to choose (kuru þeir þá af at ganga til handa konungi);
margir ~ ekki orð á sik, many are not so well spoken of as they may wish to be;
~ e-n til e-s, to select one for a thing (~ e-n til fylgdar við sik, til biskups);
~ um e-t, to choose between (kjós þúnú um tvá kosti).
pres. kýss; pret. kauss, 2nd pers. kauss þu, Gs. 8; pl. kusu; subj. kysi; part. kosinn: but also as frjósa (q. v.), pret. kjöri (köri, keyri), pl. kuru, kjöru, Fms. vi. 420, subj. kyri or keyri, part. kjörinn, keyrinn: with neg. suff. kjós-at-tu, imperat. (choose not), Hkv. Hjörv. 3: the forms kaus, kusu, kysi, kosinn are very rare in old writers, see the following references, whereas in mod. usage the forms in r are all obsolete: [Ulf. kiûsan = δοκιμάζειν, 2 Cor. viii. 8, Gal. vi. 4; A. S. ceôsan; Engl. choose; O. H. G. kiusan; Germ. kiesen, cp. kjör; Dan. kaare; Swed. kåra]:—to choose, elect, with acc. or absol.,
α. þeim mönnum er hann kjöri til með sér, Bs. i. 84; þær líf kuru, Vsp. 20; kurum land þaðra, Am. 97; segja honum hvat þeir kuru af, Fms. xi. 67; kuru þeir þat af at ganga til handa konungi, Hkr. ii. 41; keyri hann þann af er betr gegndi, Fms. i. 202, Bs. i. 37; Sigurðr konungr kjöri (kaus, Mork.) heldr leikinn, Fms. vii. 96; þeir kjöru at færa heldr fé til strandar, Fb. ii. 25; minni slægja en þeir ætluðu er keyru Þorvald til eptirmáls, Glúm. 383; skipta í helminga landi, en Magnús konungr kyri (keyri), Fms. …
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u, f. a kind of fresh soft cheese, ost-kjúka: blautr einsog kjúka, soft as a k., of a horse’s hoof; whence hóf-kjúka, the soft part of the hoof.
(-s, -ar), m. chicken, chick.
m. [A. S. cicen; Engl. chicken; Dan. kylling; Swed. kjukling]:—a chicken, young of birds, Grett. 90, as also the verse.
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n. a voice stifled by tears, a choking voice.
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að, to whine, to speak with a broken, faltering voice; kveða kjökrandi, Sturl. ii. 214, freq. in mod. usage.
(gen. kjalar, dat. kili; pl. kilir, acc. kjölu), m.
1) keel (brotnaði ~inn undir skipinu); sigla lausum kili, to sail with an empty ship; koma e-m á kjöl, to get one up on the keel (when the boat is capsized); niðr kili, down in the hold;
2) keel-shaped range of mountains (austr um Kjöl);
3) back of a book.
m., kjalar, dat. kili, mod. kjöl, plur. kilir, acc. kjölu; [Engl. keel, which seems to be of Norse origin, as the A. S. uses quite a different word for carina; Dan. kjöl; Swed. köl]:—a keel; klökkr k., Lex. Poët.; langir, svalir kilir, id.; rísta kaldan sjá kili, Edda (Ht. 101); brotnaði kjölrinn undir skipinu, Fs. 152; laust skipit svá at þegar horfði upp kjölrinn, Ld. 142; höggva skip í sundr ok auka at kili, Fms. viii. 372; koma e-m or komask á kjöl, to get on the keel when a boat is capsized, ix. 320; þeir létu fallask í kjölinn niðr, vii. 288; ok er niðr hlaupinn drykkr allr í kjöl á skipinu, xi. 233; land Ránar, kjalar, stála …, Edda 66; þeir segjask eigi fá tré svá stórt né gott at heyri til kjalarins, Fb. i. 433; ok hvelfir svá skipinu, at hón ríðr um þveran kjölinn, ii. 26; rifnaði skipit neðan, ok var skjótt undan kjölrinn, Bs, i. 842: phrases, sigla lausum kili, to sail with a loose keel, with an empty ship, Ó. H. 115: in poetry, kjalar-slóð, kjalar stigr, keel-track, keel-path = the sea; kjalar-land, id., Lex. Poët.
II. metaph. a keel-shaped range of mountains; há fjöll liggja eptir endilangri mörkinni ok eru þat kallaðir Kilir, Eg. …
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n. [qs. kjötl, from kitla, q. v.], in hósta-kjölt, a tickling cough.
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f., see kilting.
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n. the ‘ keel-print,’ ship’s wake.
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a, m. a nickname, Landn.
f. one of the two boards nearest to the keel.
u, f. the keel suture, the boards nearest to the keel, Edda (Gl.)
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adj. loquacious, scurrilous, tale-bearing.
n. choice, decision; ganga (falla) ~, to go as one wishes.
n., also spelt keyr, [kjósa; cf. Germ. kur in kur-fürst, etc.]:—a choice, decision; ef undir oss bræðr skal koma kjörit, Nj. 192; vér viljum hugsa fyrir oss um kjörit, Fms. vii. 88; verðr þat af kjörum (the final choice) at þeir fara allir samt, Fs. 120; þat vóru allra kjör, at menn kjöru til biskups Norðlenzkan mann, Bs. i. 80; þá skyldi eigi fyrir þá sök skipta keyrinu, alter the choice, Glúm. 383; enda hafi hann engi þann mann fengit til kørs (= kjörs) fyrir sik, Grág. ii. 240; þá vandaðist kerit (keyrit), Sturl.; ganga at kjörum, and ganga í kjör, to go as one wishes; hann kvað þat hafa gengit í kjör, Fas. ii. 371; falla í kjör, id., Skíða R. 104; ganga allt við kjör, id., Harms. 37.
II. in plur. cheer; mikil kjör, mickle cheer, abundance; ó-kjör, a bad lot (to choose from): used in the west of Icel. of bad weather, mestu ó-kjör, a pelting rain; vil-kjör (Dan. vilkaar), bliss, wealth.
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adj. overgrown with copsewood, Eg. 580.
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m. = kjarrskógr.
m. a choice or costly thing.
m. a choice or costly thing; ek vil taka þrjá kjörgripi af úskiptu herfangi, Fms. vi. 148.
a. fit to be chosen.
adj. fit to be chosen; þótti honum hinn eigi kjörligri, Fms. iv. 226.
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n. a choice piece of timber, in jetsum the best log of wood driven ashore; kirkja á kjörtré af Kirkjubóli, Vm. 75.
n. a choice weapon.
n. a choice weapon, Fas. iii. 387.
m. choice timber.
ker-viðr, m. = kjörtré, Rd. 251, 252; kjörviða-taka, 254.
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part. having chosen amiss; kjörvilt vartú, Kristín! Safn 671.
a. acceptable, = kjörligr.
adj. acceptable; þótti þeim sá þó eigi kjörvísligr, at eiga enga ván sjálfr til ættleifðar sinnar, Orkn. 58, Fb. ii. 180, Karl. 152.
(dat. kjöti and kjötvi), n. meat, flesh; in pl. stores of meat.
n., also proncd. ket, dat. kjötvi, mod. kjöti; [a Scandin. word; found neither in Saxon nor Germ.; Scot. ket = carrion; Dan. kjöd; Swed. kött]:—flesh, meat, Lat. caro; heitt kjöt, Fms. vii. 159, 160; ok suðu vér þær með öðru kjöti, Fb. ii. 376; eta kjöt, K. Þ. K. 130, 136: þat er kjöt er menn láta af naut, færsauði, geitr ok svín, 130; varna við kjötvi, to abstain from meat, 134, passim: in plur. stores of meat, þau kjöt sem til þess eru niðr lögð á vegum, Stj. 71; gengu kjötin því harðara sinn veg, Bs. ii. 144.
COMPDS: kjötát, kjötáta, kjötlær, kjötmatr, kjötstykki, kjötvaxinn, kjötætr.
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a, m. the fleshy, a nickname, Hkr.
n. meat-eating.
n. a meat-eating, 656 A. ii 16, N. G. L. i. 343.
f. meat-eating.
u, f. = kjötát, Fms. x. 417.
a.
1) pertaining to flesh;
2) carnal, fleshly;
3) related by blood; kjötligt barn, one’s own child; ~ bróðir, brother germane.
adj. carnal, Stj.; kjötligt barn, K. Á. 146.
n. joint of meat.
n. a joint of meat, Fms. viii. 117.
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a, m. a meat-monger, 1 Cor. x. 25 (whence Kjöbmagergade, in Copenhagen).
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m. flesh food, meat, Hom. 93.
n. piece of meat.
n. a piece of meat, Grág. ii. 170, Fbr. 38.
pp. fleshy.
adj. fleshy, Sturl. i. 10.
a. eatable (of meat).
adj. eatable; also of days on which flesh was allowed; fugla þá er kjötætir eru, K. Þ. K. 132, Sks. 180; á þeim tíðum er kjötætt er, id.
f. a kind of two-pronged stick.
f. a kind of two-pronged stick, Bárð. 17 new Ed.
m. a kind of two-pronged stick.
m. = klafakerling, Bárð. 19, 29 new Ed.
m. a kind of fork (put on a cow’s neck in the stall).
a, m. a kind of fork, put on the neck of cattle; þat er klafi kyrkir, N. G. L. i. 19, 341.
COMPDS: klafakerling, klafastafr.
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að, [Germ. klagen], to complain, accuse, (mod.)
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or klögun, f. a complaint.
(pl. klök), n. chirping of birds.
n., see klök.
(að), v. to twitter, chatter (of birds);
refl., ~st við um e-t, to have a dispute about.
1. að, [Dan. klukke], to twitter, of a swallow; to chatter, of a pie; hann heyrði at igður klökuðu á hrísinu, Sæm. 136, Eg. 420, Stj. 80, Þiðr. 168, Karl. 544: of an eagle, Ísl. ii. 195: metaph., of a person, ok und kvernum klaka, Ls. 44:—reflex., klakask við, to have a dispute about; við biskup munum klakask við um kirkju-bann, Bs. i. 749.
2. u, f. a pr. name. Klöku-ætt, f. the family of K., Landn.
n. a horse that is left unhoused in winter.
n. a jade, a poor horse left to feed on a frozen field, Band. 37 new Ed.
n. a tool for breaking up frozen soil, = þelhögg.
n. a crowbar to break the frozen ground, Vm. 80, (for a grave-digger.)
n. frozen turf.
n. frozen turf, Vígl. 71 new Ed.
m. hard-frozen ground.
a, m. hard-frozen ground, Finnb. 282, Vígl. 24, passim: the phrase, koma e-m á kaldan klaka, to put one on a cold ice-field, to bring one into distress; það hefir komið mörgum á kaldan klaka.
COMPDS: klakahross, klakahögg, klakatorf.
(-s, -ar), m. heavy, peaked clouds; cf. úviðris-~.
m. a peg, prop. the peg of a pack-saddle on which the packs are hung; setja, lypta á klakk, to lift to the k.; hrökkva upp af klökkunum, to be flung down from the k., freq.:—metaph. heavy, peaked clouds (ský-klakkar, klakka-ský), íllviðris-k., q. v.: in local names of peaks (two and two), Dimunar-klakkar in Breiðifjördr.
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in., proncd. klassekkr, a heavy trunk: a heavy, unwieldy thing, mesti klassekkr.
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or klakk-laust, n. adj. [A. S. clæcleas = free], scatheless, unhurt; komask k. af, to come off unhurt, Finnb. 262; at vit mundum eigi klakklaust skilja, Fb. i. 417; ef ek komumk nú á brott klakklaust at sinni, Fms. iv. 312; ok verð því feginn at þú komisk klakklaust á brott, Fas. iii. 98; þar sem aðrir komask eigi klaklaust þó nauðsyn beri til, Fms. vi. 299, (klaclaust, Mork. 61, l. c.)
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adj. touchy, feeling sore; e-m verðr heldr klaksárt, to be ruffled, rudely handled, Grett. 110 A.
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að, to clamp or pinch together.
n. molestation.
n., mod. klandr, dat. klandri, Fb. ii. 388: [perh., through Lat. scandalum, from Gr. σκάνδαλον]:—calumny, molestation; yðr hefir leyst af öllu íllu klandi, Stj. 445; komask ór klandi sinna mótstöðu-manna, 415; búand-karl varð fyrir klöndum ríkra manna, Hom. 117, (klandum, O. H. L. 80); hann kom þeim ór klandi víkinga, Greg. 52; tóku hann burt ór öllu klandi Odds ok hans manna, Bs. i. 707: hindrance, af klönd koma á mál þeirra fyrir brullaup, N. G. L. i. 148. klanda-lauss, adj. free from molestation, Str. 74, Fms. ix. 409.
(að), v. to molest.
að, mod. klandra, to molest, Stj. 216, Greg. 65; meiddir eða drepnir eða klandaðir, Sturl. i. 41.
f. = kland.
f. calumny, Stj. 163, (calumnia of the Vulgate); ver frjáls af allri k. minni, Art.
n. pat, patting.
n. clapping the hands; handa-klapp, Skálda 174.
(að), v.
1) to pat, stroke gently (jarlinn ~ði hendi sinni ábak honum); ~ um e-t, to pat;
2) to knock, rap (~ á dyrum, á hurð);
3) to shape by cutting blows, hew, chisel (vóru ~ðir á steinvegginn krossar þrír);
4) to hammer; mun ek nú ~ um aptr, I will make it good (right) again.
að, [Engl. and Scot. clap; Germ. klopfen; Swed klappa]:—to pat, stroke gently; kyssa ok k., to kiss and stroke, 655 xxxi; cp. Scot. to clap a cat; þá klappaði hón um granirnar, Edda (pref.); jarlinn klappaði hendi sinni á bak honum ok bað hann vaka, Fms. viii. 88; maðr hefir staf í hendi ok klappar á lend hestinum, Bs. i. 633; þá kallar konungr til sín hund sinn Víga ok klappaði um hann, Fms. x. 327; hón spyrr hvárt hann ætlar þá enn í Máfahlíð at k. um kerlingar-nárann, Eb. 44, Grett. 33 new Ed.; Þoroddr klappaði um hann (the calf), Eb. 320.
2. to clap the hands; flestir æptu ok klöppuðu, shouted and clapped, D. N. i. 168: the phrase, k. lofi í lófa, to clap, exult; klappa á dyrum, to rap at the door, Eg. 409, Fms. xi. 425; klappa á hurð, Fas. iii. 583.
II. a stone-mason’s term, to chop stone with a hammer; hann klappaði rauf í hellu, Grett. 137 A; þessi steinn var útan sein klappaðr væri gráðum eðr pöllum, Fms. i. 137; vóru klappaðir á steinvegginn krossar þrír, vii. 64; í þeim steini vóru klappaðir fjórir koppar, Bs. i. 640; rúnar klappaðar á steini, 655 xiv. B. 2; spor vóru klöppuð í berginu, Fas. …
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n. claret, Fas. iii. 359, Flóv. 22 (for. word), Karl. passim.
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a, m. a cluster, bunch, esp. of berries: berja-klasi, vínberja-k., a cluster of grapes: metaph., eyja-klasi, skerja-k., a cluster of islands, skerries.
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n. (klastra, að), an entanglement, tangle, bunch.
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n. a clatter; svá mikit k. at varla fékk hljóð, Bær. 12, Al. 12: a toy, trifle.
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að, to waste on toys and trifles.
I)
(pl. -ir), f.
1) the cleft (between the toes);
2) cloven foot (göltrinn svamm þar til af gengu ~irnar);
3) beast, head of cattle.
II) from kljúfa.
f., pl. klaufir, [A. S. cleâf; Engl. cleft, clove; Germ. klaue]:—a cloven foot, Stj. 316, 317; göltrinn svamm par til af gengu klaufirnar, Landn. 177; þeir rökðu þangat sem klaufirnar höfðu vitjað af hreinsfitjunum, Ó. H. 152: the cleft between the toes (= neip between the fingers), sár neðan í ilina ok skar út í klaufina við þumaltána, Sturl. iii. 68.
2. a beast, a head of cattle; allar várar hjarðir, svá framt at eigi skal nokkur klauf eptir vera, Stj. 276; hjoggu á skip sín hverja klauf, Fms. viii. 380.
3. gramm. an asyndeton, viz. two adjectives attached to one noun without a copula, Skálda 193.
COMPDS: klaufagangr, klauflax, klaufrak, klauftroð.
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adj. (-liga, adv.), clumsy, awkward.
m. tramp of cattle.
m. the tramp of cattle, Fas. iii. 386.
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m. clumsiness, want of skill.
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a, m. an awkward, clumsy boor; þú ert mesti klaufi! a nickname, Landn.
COMPDS: klaufalegr, klaufaskapr.
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m. a cloven hammer.
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m., see lax.
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n. a driving of cattle, D. N. ii. 146.
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n. a track made by the hoofs of cattle, D. N.
f. clause, passage.
u, f. (for. word), a clause, passage, Skálda 174, 191; k. í bréfi, Bs. i. 706, 707.
n. cloister, convent.
n. [like A. S. clûstor, Engl. cloister, Germ. kloster, from Lat. claustrum]:—a cloister, Fms. i. 147, x. 1, xi. 343, Bs. passim.
COMPDS: klaustrbúnaðr, klaustrfrú, klaustrganga, klaustrhaldari, klaustrhlaupari, klaustrhús, klaustrjörð.
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m. a friar, Fms, i. 148.
n. convent folk.
n. convent folk, Fms. x. 10.
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u, f. removing a convent, Bs. i.
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m. a cloister yard, 645. 120.
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u, f. entering a convent, Mar.
m. convent life.
m. convent life, Mar.
m. pl. convent people.
m. pl. convent people, K. Á. 42, 58, Sks. 694, Fms. ix. 372.
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m. the glebe-land of a convent, K. Á. 38.
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a, m. = klaustr; yfir klaustranum, klaustra sínum, Sks. 694 C, Þiðr. 368; helgum klaustra, Bær. 8.
COMPDS: klaustrabróðir, klaustrafólk, klaustrafærsla, klaustragarðr, klaustrainnganga, klaustralifnaðr, klaustramenn, klaustrastaðr.
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m. a convent dress, Mar.
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f. a convent lady, Mar.
f. entering a convent.
u, f. entering a convent, Mar.
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a, m. a convent steward.
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a, m. one who elopes from a convent, Mar.
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n. a convent house, Bs. i. 293.
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f. a convent glebe.
(klæ; kló, klógum; kleginn), v. to claw, scratch, rub (hann bað mik klá fót sinn).
pres. klái, pret. kló, klótt, kló, pret. kleginn, [Scot. claw]:—to scratch or rub an itching spot; var fengin kona at klá honum fót sinn, Sturl. i. 189; hann kallaði á mik ok bað mik klá fótinn, Fms. ii. 187; síðan gekk konungr til svefns, ok kló ek fótinn, x. 331; ok vænti ek at nokkurir klái sárt síður, áðr vit Aron látimk báðir, Bs. i. 538; var þar fengin til kona um aptaninn er hann var kominn í rekkju, at klá fót hans, en er honum þótti of kyrt klegit, 462; ok þá er fótr minn hafði kleginn verit, Fb. i. 400,—the ancients seem to have had their feet rubbed in bed in order to bring on sleep.
II. reflex., þar mundi eigi þykkja við kollóttan at klásk, Sturl. iii. 238, v. l.
m. itch (þegar brá kláða miklum á hvarmana).
a, m. the itch, Fms. ii. 187, x. 331; brá kláða á hvarmana, Fb. ii. 367; augna-k., fóta-k.: a scab, fjár-k., scab on sheep.
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adj. scabby.
a. scabby.
adj. scabby, 655 xi. 1.
(-s, -ar), m. a kind of box carried on horseback.
m. a kind of rough box carried on horseback, Lv. 59.
n. obscene, filthy language.
n. [akin to A. S. clæmian = to daub], filthy, obscene language; in mod. usage only in that sense, klám ok níð, Skáld H. 5. 24; vísur fullar af fúlu klámi, 26.
COMPDS: klámfenginn, klámhögg, klámorð, klámvísa, klámyrði.
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adj. (-fengni, f.), foul-mouthed.
n. an opprobrious blow.
n. a ‘stroke of shame,’ a law term, a wound or stroke behind, Bjarn. 66, Grág. ii. 12, Fas. iii. 102.
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n. a libel, Eb. (in a verse).
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u, f. an obscene song.
n. foul language.
n. foul language, Fb. iii. 415, 427.
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m. = kláfr, a nickname, Sturl. ii. 212.
a. goggle-eyed, staring.
adj. goggle-eyed, Bær. 10.
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u, f., or klárr, m. a kind of coarse rake used to spread dung.
(-s, -ar), m. hack, cart-horse.
adj. [like Germ. klar, Engl. clear, etc., from Lat. clarus], clear, bright; klár kenning, Pass. 10. 12; blóminn fagr kvenna klár, Fkv.; ú-klárr, Sks. 135.
(-s, -ar), m. hack, cart-horse.
m. a hack, cart-horse; þat er újamligt, hestr sá ok klárr þinn, Glúm. 356; klárr úkostuligr, Fs. 128, Nj. 55, Fas. ii. 252; hest-klárr, húðar-k., a hack.
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m. a hack.
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adj. clumsy, awkward.
m. closet (cf. svefn~).
a, m. (klifi, Greg. 49, Mart. 120), [A. S. cleofa], a closet; heimulegr k., Stj. 205; hón var lukt í litlum klefa, Clem. 51; hann fór eptir brauðdiski í klefa, 656 B. 4; útar af elda-skálanum vóru klefar tveir, sinn á hönd hvára, ok hlaðit skreið í annan en mjölvi í annan, Eb. 268, 272; litla-stofa ok klefi are distinguished, Sturl. iii. 187; var sét opt ljós til klifa þess er inn ungi maðr var í, Mart. 120; þá skalf klifi sá allr, Greg. 49; svefn-k., a sleeping closet, bedroom, Stj. 204.
I)
(gen. -ja), m. cleg, horse-fly.
II)
(gen. -ja), m. cock of hay.
a, m. [klegg, Ivar Aasen; cp. North. E. and Scot. cleg = a horse-fly]:—a cleg or horse-fly, Stj. 481. 1 Sam. xxiv. 14; mý eða kleggja, Eluc. 22; flugur þær er kallask af alþýðu kleggjar, Best. 2.
II. a cock of hay (hey-kleggi), Háv. 53, Fb. i. 523.
I) (pl. -ar), f. cliff, rocky ascent.
II) from klífa.
f., plur. kleifar, [from klífa, to climb], a ridge of cliffs or shelves in a mountain side; hljópu sjau menn ór skóginum ok upp í kleifina, Eg. 581; skógar-kjörr ok kleifar nökkurar, Fms. vii. 56; þeir kösuðu hann þar við kleifina, Eb. 166 (klifit, v. l.); þar sem helzt vóru kleifar ok skógar þröngvastir, Fms. ix. 359; suðr undir kleifarnar, Gísl. 67, 70: poët. the head is called hjarna kleif, ‘harn-cliff,’ Km.: Kleifar, f. pl. a local name in western Iceland, Sturl., Landn., Ann. 1238.
(-da, -dr), v. to daub, dabble.
1. d, [kleima, Ivar Aasen; akin to klám], to daub, smear, dabble; þó at ek gæta kleimt einhvern þeirra, Fas. iii. 544, (conversational.)
2. u, f. a blot, dab: name of an ogress, Fas.
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t, to become inarticulate; tunga kleisisk, Anecd. 3.
a. lisping (~ í máli).
adj., kleiss í máli, inarticulate in one’s speech, Fms. x. 39.
(klek, klakta, klaktr and klakinn), v. to hatch (= ~ út).
pres. klek, pret. klakði, part. klakinn, klaktr, [Ulf. niu-klahs = νήπιος; Dan. klække; Swed. kläcka]:—to hatch; klekja út, to hatch out; klekr þau út, Stj. 78; ungar út klaktir, id.; sem hann liggr á eggjunum ok hann skal út klekja, id.; hæna klakði dreka, Al. 160.
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f., in the compd klekkingar-maðr, see klektan.
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t, in Icel. only used in the phrase, klekkja á e-m, to make one smart, punish; eg skal k. á honum, (conversational.)
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f. = klekking; [klektan and klekking are prob. akin to Goth. -klahs in niu-klahs; cp. also klekkjen = brittle, Ivar Aasen]:—chicken-heartedness; so in the phrase, hann er engi klektunar maðr, i. e. he is no chicken, he is a daring, dangerous man, Sturl. iii. 282; ok sé þú svá fyrir at hann er engi klektunar maðr, Eb. 90 new Ed., Nj. 105; for the various readings (klectun, kleckun, klecting, klektun) see Nj. Johnson. 214.
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að, [Germ. klemmen], to jam or pinch in a smith’s vice, klömbr, q. v.; klýptir ok klembraðir, Stj. 285.
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mod., proncd. Klémus, m. a pr. name, Clement; Klemens kirkja, messa, dagr, saga, the church, mass, day, Saga of St. Clement, Clem. 48, K. Á. 18, Vm. 6.
(pl. -ar), f. vexatious action.
f. the picking up a quarrel; þó hann tæki af mönnum slíkar klengingar, Sturl. i. 76.
f. a vexatious suit.
f. a law term, picking up a quarrel; þykkir honum þetta klengisök vera, Ölk. 35; eigi vilju vér at þegnar várir sé taksettir eða stefndir fyrir fépretta sakir eðr nokkura klengisaka, for the sake of cheating or chicane, N. G. L. ii. 482.
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dep. [perh. akin to A. S. clingan, Engl. cling = to cleave to]:—to pick up a quarrel; ok varð Áskatli ílla við, ok þótti hann mjök klengst (MS. kleins) hafa til þessa máls, Rd. 272; ok á þat með engu móti í erfð at ganga. þóat sumir hafi ranglega við klengzt, N. G. L. ii. 402.
m. plummet, lump.
m. [cp. Dan. klippa = a rock; Germ. klumpen; A. S. clympre]:—a plummet, lump, Bs. i. 806 (of a comet’s tail), Konr. 31; blý-kleppr, q. v.
II. a local name in Icel.
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u. f. or klepr, m., pl. kleprar, a clot, icicle-like, of fat, ice, hair, wool, Jónas.
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adj. clotted, of hair, wool, beard.
n. the clergy.
n. the clergy, Fms. i. 147.
m. the clergy.
m. id., 623. 15.
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n. pl. clerical, ecclesiastical matters, H. E. i. 389.
m. pl. clerical customs.
m. pl. clerical customs, Fms. vii. 199.
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m. a clerk.
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f. the clerical body, Sturl. i. 122: a body of scholars, Al. 8.
m. church music.
m. church music, Fms. i. 260.
adv. like a clerk, learnedly.
adv. learnedly; prédika k., Bs. i. 846.
a. clerkly, scholar-like.
adj. clerkly, scholarlike, Th. 79; klerkligar listir, Bs. i. 680; klerkligar bækr, Skálda (pref.)
(-s, -ar), m.
1) cleric, clerk, scholar;
2) clergyman, esp. of the minor orders.
m. [from Lat. clericus], a cleric, clerk, scholar; góðr klerkr (beau-clerk), Fms. ix. 531, x. 111; Rikini var klerkr góðr (a good clerk), bæði diktaði hann vel ok versaði, Bs. i. 239; Aristoteles með klerka-sveit sína, Al. 8; hann skildi görla Völsku þvíat hann var góðr k., El.; Paris klerkr, a Paris clerk, one who has studied in Paris, Fb. ii. 475; vitr ok góðgjarn ok k. mikill, Fms. i. 229; Eiríkr konungr var vitr maðr ok góðr k. ok kunni margar tungur, xi. 298; svá görir ok inn skilningslausi, ef hann kemr frá skóla, þá hyggsk hann þegar vera góðr k., Sks. 247.
2. a clergyman, clerk, esp. of the minor orders; klerk eðr klaustra-manni, K. Á. 40; fjórir tigir presta ok mart klerkar, Sturl. ii. 6.
3. a parish-clerk as in Engl.; messu-prestr skal engi leiðangr göra, né kona hans né klerkr hans, N. G. L. i. 97, iii. 77, D. N. passim: a nickname, Orkn.
COMPDS: klerkafólk, klerkalýðr, klerkamál, klerkasiðir, klerkasveinn, klerkasveit, klerkasöngr.
m. learning.
m. learning, Bs. i. 793, Sturl. i. 125, Al. 42, Barl. 12; nema klerkdóm, Fms. vii. 327: the clergy, (mod.)
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1. t, to clot, daub: reflex. klessast, to talk thick, Anecd. 10: part. klesstr = kleiss (q. v.), Fms. x. 39, v. l.
2. u, f. [kleksa, Ivar Aasen], a clot, Skáld H. R.; blek-k, an ink-clot, etc.
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adj. talking thick, Fms. x. 39, v. l.
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n. a belt of crags.
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f., botan. the saxifrage.
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u, f. a scaur.
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f. a jutting crag, freq. in mod. usage.
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n. a lump of fat in the loins of meat.
(-s, -ar), m. rock, crag.
m. [Dan. klint], a rock, cliff, Fær. 29; þar stendr skógar-klettr við Hafslæk, Þorsteinn gékk upp á klettinn, Eg. 717, Bs. ii. 111, Sturl. iii. 104, Gísl. 147; hár k., Grett. 101; þeir sjá hvar klettar tveir koma upp ór hafinu, Fas. ii. 248: in plur. a range of crags: poët., herða k., ‘shoulder rock,’ i. e. the head, Ls.; hjarna k., ‘harn rock,’ i. e. the head; hjálma-k., helmet crag, cp. Helm-crag in Westmoreland, Lex. Poët.
COMPDS: klettabelti, klettafrú, klettaskora, klettasnös.
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adv.; vera k. kominn, to have got into bad scrapes, Th. 76.
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m. a nickname, Landn.
(gen. kljá; pl. kljár), m. one of the stones to keep the warp straight in the old upright loom.
m., gen. kljá (kléa), pl. kljár, qs. kléar; [cp. Gr. λσία or λεία, qs. γλαία?]:—one of the stones to keep the warp straight in the old upright loom; þá er ek sló vefinn, þá féll af einn kléinn af miðjum vefnum ok tók ek upp, ok þá sá ek at kljár þeir vóru ekki nema manna-höfuð, Fms. xi. 49; manna-höfuð vóru fyrir kljána, Nj. 275. kljá-grjót, n. a weaver’s stones, Nj. 275, v. l.
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adj. [for. word; from A. S. clæn; Engl. clean; Germ. klein]:—snug; klénn koss, Fas. iii. (in a verse of the 15th century); k. sæng, Úlf. 4. 44: little, puny, klén tign, Pass. The word first occurs in the 15th century, but it never took root.
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að, to murmur inarticulately.
m. din, murmur.
m. a din, the murmur in a great assembly when no articulate sound is to be heard; þyss eða k., Gísl. 56; k. ok háreysti, Fms. vi. 374, Bs. ii. 129; skilr þú hér nokkuð mál manna? eigi heldr en fuglaklið, Fas. ii. 175; í einum klið = í einum duni,—allt var senn í einum klið | upp vatt trúss meðal herða, Skíð. R. 28.
n. cliff, scaur, = kleif.
n. [A. S. clif; Engl. cliff], a cliff; klif and kleif are used indiscriminately in Eb. and Eg. l. c.; þeir fengu tekit hann út við klif er upp ríðr ór fjörunni, Eb. 166; ok kösuðu hann þar við klifit, id. v. l.; klif bratt ok einstigi yfir at fara, Eg. 576; þá var þar undir niðri skógr en skóglaust uppi á klifinu, 580; ok er Egill kom upp ór klifinu, id.; í klifi nokkuru, Bs. i. 200; var í brattasta einstigi upp at ganga ok í harða há klif (plur.), Stj. 452. 1 Sam. xiv. 4 (eminentes petrae of the Vulgate); síðan gékk hann til klifs þess er þjóðgata lá yfir, þeir stefndu hit gegnsta til klifsins, Korm. 146: poët., hauka klif, hawk’s cliff = the hand, Hallfred; há klif, a high cliff, Sighvat: local names, Klifs-jörfi, Klifs-sandr, Klifs-dalr, Bjarn.; Klifs-lönd, Cliffland or Cleveland, in England, Fms. vi.
(að), v. to repeat, harp on the same thing (also, ~ á e-u);
refl., ~st við e-n, to wrangle with one.
að, prop. to climb, but only used metaph.:—to repeat, to harp on the same thing; bað þá eigi klifa svá ey ok ey, Ísl. ii. 349; klifar þú nakkvat jafnan, mannfýla þín, Nj. 85; kerling klifaði allt sumarit um arfa-sátuna at inn skyldi bera, 194; vér kumpánar lærðum þik eitt vers, ok er þat nú þegar þér svá kært sem þú kunnir engan hlut annan, klifandi þat jafnan æ fram, Mar.; klifar sá margr kvæðin lin, Skáld H. 3. 2.
2. reflex. to wrangle; töluðu menn at sjá maðr væri it mesta fífl, hversu heimsliga hann klifask við konung, Fb. iii. 381.
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n. part. a kind of metre, where the same rhyme-syllable is repeated throughout the half of a verse, a specimen of which is Edda (Ht.) 48.
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að, to climb, Rb. 102, Fagrsk. 125; usually as dep. klifrask, id., Fas. iii. 443.
f. way along a cliff.
u, f. a ‘cliff-gate,’ way along a cliff, Ísl. ii. 176.
(-da, -t), v. to ring, jingle.
d, [Germ. klingen; Dan. klinge; cp. Engl. clink]:—to ring, tinkle; hugsar at hér muni k. til upphafs, Fms. xi. 434; hlýtr að klingja dalanna dyngja dúkinn á, Snót 99; klingir mér fyrir eyrum ómr, Bjarni 136.
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interj., of bells or a tinkling sound, Jónas.
(-ta, -tr), v. to clip, cut; ~ sauði, to shear sheep.
u, f. a clipping, sample; af-klippa.
(-ta, -tr), v. to clip, cut; ~ sauði, to shear sheep.
ð, to clip; k. með söxum, Str. 9; klipti negl hans ok hár, Fms. vi. 204; k. hár, to clip, cut the hair, Stj. 202; k. sauði, hjörð, to clip, shear sheep, K. Þ. K. 104, Stj. 482, 484.
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a, m. a hair-cutter, Stj. 524:—a dealer, monger, Rétt. 2. 10.
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f. a clipping, shearing.
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m. a shorn sheepskin, Grág. i. 501, Bs. i. 834, H. E. iv. 131.
(að), v. to repeat, harp on the same thing (also, ~ á e-u);
refl., ~st við e-n, to wrangle with one.
pres. klíf, pret. kleif, pl. klifu; [A. S. clîfian; Engl. cleave to; Dutch kleven; Germ. kleben]:—to climb; Jónathan kleif ekki síðr með höndum en fótum um einstigit, Stj. 452; konungr kleif upp í einn bakka, Fms. viii. 75; en sumir klifu svá bratta brekku, 401; þá kom jarl at hlaupandi ok kleif upp yfir köstinn ok þaðan upp yfir húsin, ix. 225; svá at hann mátti klífa upp í virkit af skildinum, Sturl. ii. 33; ok kleif einn í höku mér, Dropl. 22; því er kænlegra at k. skemra, ok falla lægra, Al. 145; þeim er áðr höfðu klifit, Hkr. i. 290; klífa á kjöl, Sturl. ii. 224 (in a verse).
I)
(-ða), v. to feel nausea (hón klígir mjök).
II)
f. nausea.
u, f., mod. klía, nausea, Mag. 89.
I)
(-ða), v. to feel nausea (hón klígir mjök).
II)
f. nausea.
ð, mod. klía, að, [provinc. Norse klia, pret. klidde and kligta, pres. klir, see notes to Al. 186]:—to feel nausea; hón klígir mjök, Al. 153; þeirra önd klígir í mót inum himneska mat, Mar.:—mod. impers., mig klíar, or mig klíar við því.
(-da, -dr), v. to smear; ~ brauð, to butter bread.
d, to smear; klína brauð, to butter bread, Fms. ix. 241; klínask leiri, Best. 673. 53: mod. to daub, esp. with ordure.
m. buttered bread.
m. [klining, Ivar Aasen], buttered bread; kasta klíningnum ok könnunni, cp. the Engl. proverb ‘to throw the helve after the hatchet,’ Fms. viii. 413, v. l.: as a nickname, Orkn.: the word is still used in the old sense in Norway.
II. in Icel. it is only used of cakes of cow-dung.
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að. to glue, paste.
I) (kljái, kljáða, kljáðr), v. to fix the weights (cf. klé) to a loom; vera á enda kljáðr, to have done; er ek á enda kljáðr at þola þat lengr, I can bear itno longer.
II) from klé, weaver’s weight.
ð, [klé, pl. kljár], to fix the weights to a loom (see klé); mér þótti kljáðr vera vefrinn, Fms. xi. 49; harðkljáðr, hard stretched, Darr.: metaph., vera á enda kljáðr, to be finished, done; það er ekki á enda kljáð, there is no end of it as yet; vera út kljáðr, done; það er út kljáð um þau mál: kljá á enda, to wind up, to have done; er ek á enda kljáðr at þola þat lengr, Ísl. ii. 420.
(klýf; klauf, klufum; klofinn), v. to cleave, split (hann hjó þegar í skjöld Hrúts ok klauf allan niðr); skammt upp klofinn, having a short fork, short-legged.
prts. klýf; pret. klauf, klauft (klaufst), klauf, pl. klufu; subj. klyfi; part. klofinn; [A. S. cleôfan; Engl cleave; O. H. G. chlioban; mid. H. G. klieben; Dan. klöve; Swed. klyfva]:—to cleave, split; hann hjó á skjöld Rúts ok klauf allan niðr, Nj. 95; elda er rétt at göra ok k. torf til, K. Þ. K. 88; ætluðu at flá hann kvikan ok klufu svörðinn í höfðinu, Fms. vii. 227; era sem kolvið kljúfi, karl sá er vegr at jarli, viii. (in a verse); eða ek klyf þik í herðar niðr, Nj. 185; kom í höfuðit ok klauf ofan í jaxlana, 144; skildir ‘ro klofnir, cloven, cleft, Vsp. 46: metaph. to split, ek klýf ór þessum sex greinir ins fjórða tigar, Skálda 162.
II. reflex., þar at sem björgin kljúfask, are cleft, branch out, Finnb. 242.
2. recipr., þó at þeir klyfisk í herðar niðr, Fas. i. 404.
3. part. klofinn, as adj. cloven; langt upp klofinn, i. e. long-legged, Bárð. 165.
n. the space between the legs, the fork.
n. the cleft between the legs, the fork, Fas. ii. 346.
COMPDS: kloflangr, klofsnjór, klofstuttr.
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að, to stand or stride with the legs apart; klofa snjó.
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f. and klofa-stafr, m. a cleft stick or staff, Bárð. 170, 171; see klafi.
n. ship’s cabin near the mast.
n. a ship’s cabin near the mast; því skal hlaða í klofarúmi við siglu, Jb. 386.
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f. sailing with a forked mast.
n. ‘cleft burden’, a form of refrain in a drápa.
n. a metric. term, a ‘cleft-burden,’ a kind of refrain, consisting of several lines inserted separately in different lines of a stanza, Sturl. ii. 59.
m.
1) cleft, rift (in a hill); cleft stick; verða í klofanum, to be caught in a trap;
2) door-groove; lúka upp hurðu, or lúka aptr hurð, árniðjan klofa, to open, or shut, the door halfway; hurð hnigin á miðjan klofa, half shut; reka aptr hurðina (or lúka hurðinni) í klofa, to shut the door;
3) the forks to support tents on board a ship (höggva tjöldin or klofum);
4) snuffers.
a, m. a cleft or rift in a hill closed at the upper end; metaph., þeir vóru komnir í svá mikinn klofa, at Ingjaldr var á aðra hönd, en Laxá á aðra hönd, i. e. they were ‘in a cleft stick,’—the enemy on one hand, the river on the other, Ld. 46; so also as a military term; at samnaðr væri á Rangár-völlum ok væri sú ráðagörð, at þeim sé ætlað at verða í klofanum, ‘were in a cleft stick,’ ‘caught in a trap,’ Sturl. i. 201; mun ek ok senda lið til fulltings við yðr, ok skal þat koma á bak þeim, svá at þeir verði í klofanum, Fas. i. 33; ok var svá stefnt at hann skyldi þaðan at koma, ok skyldi Þorfinnr verða í klofanum, Orkn. 68: fjalla-klofi, a ravine with a bottom, Stj. 87, Al. 26: landa-klofi, a delta at the fork of a river, Sks. 194, 199; lausa-klofi, gramm. a diphthong (au, ei, ey), Skálda 170: medic., gin-klofi, q. v.
2. the groove (hurðar-klofi) in which the door moves up and down instend of moving on hinges (see hníga III); hence the phrases, lúka upp hurðu, or lúka aptr hurð á miðjan klofa, to open or shut the door to the middle of the groove, i. e. shut it half way, Bárð. 171, Fb. …
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(að), v. to be cloven, to split.
að, to be cloven, Vsp. 52; í þessum gný klofnar himininn, Edda 41; klofnaði hann í tvá hluti, Nj. 108; skildirnir klofnuðu, Eg. 507, v. l.; jörðin skalf og björgin klofnuðu, Matth. xxvii. 51.
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m. anything cloven, cp. the Engl. clove (of garlic); the name of a mountain in western Iceland, Landn.
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adj. long-forked, long-legged.
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m. snow reaching to the klof.
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adj. short-forked.
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in the phrase, ríða k., to ride astride; opp. to ein-vega, like women on a side-saddle, (mod.)
I) (pl. klœr, dat. klóm), f.
1) claw, talon;
2) clew (of a sail).
II) from klá.
f., gen. kló, N. G. L. i. 100, mod. klóar, pl. klær, i. e. klœr; [A. S. clawu; Engl. claw; O. H. G. chlawa; mid. H. G. klâ, Germ. klaue; Dan. klo, pl. klöer]:—a claw, talon, of beasts of prey, kattar-klær, ljóns-klær, arnar-klær, krumma-klær, vals-klær, the claws of a cat, lion, eagle, raven, falcon; gambrs-kló, q. v.; brá henni í hnotar líki ok hafði í klóm sér, Edda 46; flugu at þeim hrafnar, ok sýndusk þeim ór járni nefin ok klærnar, Nj. 272; hann (the crocodile) hefir stórar tenn ok klær, Stj. 77; með hvössum klóm, 80: metaph. a claw, of the hand, kólnar nú á klónum, Grett. 94 B: as also in the ditty, kalt er mér á k. l. ó. kenni eg þess á s. i. ó … (i. e. kalt er mér klónum, kenni eg þess á sjonum …): a nickname, Orkn. klóa-gangr, m. a fight with the claws, Fas. iii. 210.
II. naut. the clew of a sail, Edda (Gl.); eyri fyrir hanka hvern, eyri fyrir kló hverja, N. G. L. i. 101; en fyrir smáreip hvert er á segli er ertog silfrs ok svá fyrir kló hverja, ii. 283; eyri fyrir krapta hvern, þó eyir at einnar klóar missi, i. 100, ii. 283: the cleat = kolla (q. v.), N. …
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dep. to fight with claws: in the saying, öndurðir skolu ernir klóask, Ó. H. 183, Fas. ii. 495.
n. pl. cunning, cleverness.
n. pl. cunning, cleverness, Fas. iii. 267.
a. arch, cunning, clever.
adj. [perh. not a genuine Scandin. word, but, like Dan. klog, Swed. klok, borrowed from Germ. klug]:—arch, clever, Fms. xi. 227, Stj. 160, 223: arch, wily, 34, 70.
m. = klókindi.
a, m. craft, cunning, Karl. 130, Mar.
adv. cunningly.
adv. cleverly, cunningly, Stj. 167, Pass. 15. 5.
a. cunning, crafty.
adj. cunning, crafty, Fms. x. 172.
m. = klókindi.
m. archness, Stj. 75, 91, 178, Bs. i. 767: wiliness, Stj. 37, 416, Fms. xi. 445, Grett. 162 A; klókskapar list, -vél, a device, Stj. 177, 178, 247.
n. scratching.
n. a scratching, Fas. iii. 502; kattar-klór, a cat’s scratch: bad writing, a scrawl, þetta er ljóta klórið.
(að), v. to scratch (like a cat).
að, to scratch like a cat, Stj. 77. 80, Fas. ii. 370: to scrawl, write badly, klóra bréf.
n. knob of a sword hilt.
n. [Germ. klotz; Dan. klode = a ball]:—the knob on a sword’s hilt, Ann. 1405, Fas. iii. 472.
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m. a kind of lichen, Björn.
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adj. an epithet of an eagle.
n. a beast with claws, beast of prey.
n. a beast with claws, K. Þ. K. 134.
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t, to clutch.
m. bird of prey.
m. a bird with claws or talons, opp. to fitfugl (q. v.), K. Þ. K. 132.
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a, m. claw-like streaks of clouds, Björn.
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u, f. hides with the claws left on, N. G. L. i. 257.
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n. a kind of seaweed, kelp, fucus vesiculosus, Hjalt.
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f. a cleft: Kluftir, f. pl. a local name, Sand-k., Sturl.
(gen. pl. klukkna), f. bell; kvað við ~n, the bell rang.
u, f., gen. pl. klukkna, older form klocka, Fms. vi. 147, Hom. 9, 68, 69, Bs. i. 38; [A. S. clucge; Engl. clock; Germ. glocke; Dan. klokke]:—a bell, Grág. i. 460, Bs. i. 65, K. Þ. K. passim.
COMPDS: klukku-hljóð, klukkna-hljóð, or klokkna-hljóð, n. a peal of bells, Bs. i. 38, Fb. i. 417, Fms. vi. 63, xi. 341. klukku-hringr, m. a bell-ring, Pm. 103. klukkna-hús, n. a bell-chamber, belfry, Pm. 60, Sturl. ii. 119, Hom. 68, D. N. klukku-málmr, m. [Dan. klokke-malm], bell-metal, Ám. 29, Pm. 124. klukku-strengr, m. a bell-rope, Fb. i. 354, Jm. 32.
II. metaph., botan. a bell; a short cloak.
m. bell-ringer.
a, m., old form klokkari, Str. 18, Fms. iv. 171, [Dan. klokker]:—a belman, Fms. xi. 256, Ó. H. 72, D. N. passim; klukkara-hús, -stofa, a belman’s room, D. N.
f. club, = klubba, kylfa.
u, f. and klubba, Fagrsk. 49, O. H. L. 70, Hkr. ii. 175, Rb. 1812. 18: a club, Fms. iv. 246, xi. 129, Sd. 147, Bév., El. (Fr.); klumbu-fótr, a club foot; klumbu-nef, a snub nose.
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adj. lock-jaw, Germ. maulklemme, a disease of horses.
(-rs, -rar), m. bramble.
m., the r is radical, [klungr, Ivar Aasen]:—a bramble; millum klungra ok hagþyrna, Barl. 18, 139; þorn ok klungr, Stj. 38; milli þorna ok klungra, 47; með klungrum ok hvössum hagþornum, 395, (‘spinis tribulisque’ of the Vulgate); þyrni, klungr, ok allt annat íllgresi, Fms. v. 159; rósan vex upp á milli klungra ok þyrna, Hom. (St.); sem rós hjá klungrum, Gd. 6: poët., hræ-k., carrion-thorn, poët. for a weapon, Merl. 1. 36, Lex. Poët.
II. metaph., in Icel., where there are no thorns, any rough ground is called klungr; hraun ok klungr (klungr ok hörkn, v. l.), Bs. i. 452: allit., klettar ok klungr, crags and rocks.
a. grown with bramble.
adj. grown with bramble, Stj. 45, Art.:—stony, rough.
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t, to cling to, in a rude sense; hann sitr ok klunnir á skógartrjám, Stj. 80, v. l.; en hin klunna viðr bakit, of an ape and her young, 95.
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a, m. a clumsy, boorish fellow. klunna-legr, adj. (-lega, adv.), clumsy in shape.
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u, f. a local name in the west of Icel., see Björn.
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adj. coarse, esp. in language and manners; the word is now freq., and although not recorded in old writers, it must be old, as one of the thralls in Rm. is called Klúrr.
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að, [for. word], to make intricate: klúsaðr, part. intricate; ú-klúsaðr, unhampered, Fær. 265.
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m. St. Peter with his keys, ‘Key-Peter,’ Ó. H. (in a verse).
(-s, -ar), m. kerchief.
m. [for. word; A. S. clût; Engl. clout; Dan. klud; it appears in writers of the 14th century]:—a kerchief, Bs. i. 791; ok þar um vafit einum hreinum klút, 829, ii. 170; lín-klútr, i. 790; vasa-klútr, a pocket-handkerchief, (mod.)
(pl. -jar), f. pack, truss (on a pack-horse).
f., gen. sing. and nom. pl. klyfjar; [Dan. klöv]:—a pack or trunk on a pack-horse; leggja upp klyf, to pack a horse, N. G. L. i. 349; ef maðr ekr eða berr klyfjar, … þótt eigi sé klyfjar á hrossi manns, Grág. i. 441; taka af klyfjar af hesti, Grett. 119 A; þat var nóg klyf, it was a full weight for a horse, Fas. iii. 401; hrindr ofan reiðinginum með klyfjunum, Sturl. iii. 114; hrossum með klyfjum, Ó. H. 187.
COMPDS: klyfjaband, klyfjaburðr, klyfjahestr.
I)
(að), v. to load with packs (~ hest, asna af e-u).
II)
(klyf, klufða, klufiðr), v. to split, cleave.
1. að, to load a pack-horse, Nj. 74, Eg. 593, Stj. 460, 483, Ó. H. 170, Ver. 124, Fbr. 17 new Ed., passim.
2. klufði, [kljúfa], to split, cleave, Vm. 53; segja sumir menn at þeir klyfði hann til hjarta, Fbr. 57 new Ed.: part. klufðr, cleft; hjör-klufðr, a cleft with a sword, Lex. Poët.
n. pack-girth.
n. the pack on a horse, Nj. 56.
m. carrying packs on horseback.
m. carrying packs on horseback, Fbr. 65, Nj. 56, v. l.
m., klyfjahross, n. pack-horse.
m. and klyfja-hross, n. a pack-horse, K. Þ. K. 80, Nj. 264, Landn. 152, Grág. ii. 279, Fbr. 41, 42 new Ed., Eb. 296, Þorst. Síðu H. 13.
m. pack-saddle.
a, m., proncd. klybberi, and spelt thus, Grág. (Kb.) ii. 109, l. 21:—a pack-saddle, K. Þ. K. 86, Sturl. iii. 114. klyfbera-band, n. and klyfbera-gjörð, f. a pack-saddle girth, Lv. 91.
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adj. fit to carry a burden, of a pack-horse; sjau kaplar klyfbærir, Vm. 177; fola klyfbærrar ösnu, Matth. xxi. 5.
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t, [klukka], to ring; þar er klykt, 671. 16; klykkir til fórnar upphalds, Mar., N. G. L. ii. 242, D. N. ii. 77; but in Icel. hringja is the common word.
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t, [A. S. clumjan], to maunder, murmur; ok vil ek at þú klymtir nú eigi á móti mér, Háv. 17 new Ed.
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m. a pr. name, Fb. iii.
(-ta, -tr), v. to pinch, nip.
u, f. a bit pinched out of another; smjör-k., a bit of butter.
(-ta, -tr), v. to pinch, nip.
klýpði, later klýpti, but pres. klýpr, mod. klýpir; in mod. usage this word has (except in pres.) been turned into a strong verb, klípa, kleip, klipu, klipinn; [Engl. to clip = to clasp]:—to clip, pinch; þá tók Laurentius í síðu Stephani ok klýpti fast, Sks. 652; ef maðr bítr mann eða hrífr eða klýpr, Grág. ii. 133; síðan klýpðo þeir tungu-stúfinn með töng, Ó. H. 250: to squeeze in, klýptir ok klembraðir, Stj. 285; hefir eyðimörkin svá klypt þá, id.
f. pinching, nipping.
f. a clipping, pinching, Grág. ii. 133, Sks. 652.
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f. a smith’s tongs or clippers, nail pincers.
(-dda, -ddr), v. to clothe; ~ sik, to dress oneself;
refl., ~st, to dress oneself, put on one’s clothes, in the morning (síðan stóðu þeir upp ok klæddust).
d, to clothe; klæða sik, to dress oneself, Nj. 171; klæða nökðan, kalna, Hom., O. H. L. 22; afklæddi hann sik (he put off) sínum kyrtli, Stj. 466; í óttu fyrir dag stóð hann upp ok klæddi sik, Edda 28.
II. reflex. to dress oneself, to rise in the morning; afklæðask, to undress, Fms. x. 16; klæðask pells-klæðum, Ó. H. 31; mál mun vera upp at standa ok klæðask, Edda 30; hvern dag er þeir hara klæðsk, 25; en í dagan stóð Ýmir upp ok klæddisk, 35; Snorri stóð upp ok bað menn klæðask, ok er þeir vóru klæddir, Eb. 188: en síðan klæðisk hann ok húskarlar hans ok fór ofan til vatns, Ó. H. 62; síðan stóðu þeir upp ok klæddusk, Ld. 44.
III. part. klæddr, clad, dressed; á morgun er þú ert klæddr, Fs. 110; svart-klæddr, clad in black; hvít-k., clad in white; rauð-k.; þunn-k., thinly clad; al-klæddr, quite dressed; spari-k., in one’s ‘spared’ clothes, i. e. in one’s best clothes.
n.
1) cloth, stuff (ensk ~ með mörgum litum);
2) garment (maðr í rauðu ~);
3) esp. in pl., clothes, apparel, dress (hvar fyrir berr þú rauð ~?); fara í ~, to put on clothes; fara af or ór klæðum, to take off one’s clothes; bera ~ (kasta klæðum) á vápn, to throw clothes over the weapons (to stop a fight).
n., irreg. gen. pl. klæðna, Barl. 80, 83, Str. 21; [A. S. clæð; Engl. cloth; O. H. G. chleit; Germ. kleid; Dutch kleed; Swed. and Dan. klæde]
I. cloth, stuff; mæla vaðmál ok lérept ok klæði öll, Grág. i. 497; vestr til Englands at kaupa sér klæði ok önnur föng, … hlaða skipit með hveiti ok hunangi, víni ok klæðum, Eg. 69; Ensk klæði með mörgum litum, 517; gaf konungr Þorgilsi laufgrænt klæði fimtán álna langt, Sturl. iii. 131; vel þér þau klæði til hosna er brúnuð sé at lit, en ekki önnur klæði nema skarlat sé, Sks. 286; skaltú taka þér klæði er vér eigum bezt, Fas. iii. 265; fimtán álnir klæðis brúnat at lit, en klæðit var gersemi, Bs. i. 433; kennir hann klæði þau í kyrtlum hirðmanna, er hann hafði ræntr verit, 434; þrjátigi stikur klæðis, 875; tvíbreitt, þríbreitt klæði, tvíeln klæði, N. G. L. iii. 205, 208; hálflit klæði, chequered cloth, Fms. ii. 70: in mod. usage distinction is made between the foreign machine-made klæði and the home-made vaðmál, q. v.; klæðis-treyja, klæðis-fat, opp. to vaðmáls-treyja, vaðmáls-fat.
II. a garment; Arinbjörn hafði látið göra klæði þat við vöxt Egils, Eg. …
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(gen. -ar), m. clothing, apparel (~ þóru ok gripir).
m. clothing, apparel; húsbúnaðr, borðbúnaðr ok klæðnaðr, Eg. 94; k. Þóru ok gripir, 158, Grág. i. 299, 460, Karl. 545.
a. thinly clad.
adj. ‘few-clad,’ thinly clad, Bs. i. 442, Bret. ch. 34.
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adj. fit for clothes, fit for wear, Grág. ii. 247.
a. void of clothes, naked.
adj. ‘clothes-less,’ naked, Stj., Fms. ii. 174, vi. 302.
n. nakedness.
n. nakedness, Barl. 61.
a. well provided with clothes.
adj. having many clothes, opp. to klæðfár, Sturl. iii. 228.
m. clothes-bag.
m. a clothes-bag, knapsack, Fms. iii. 178, Grett. 134 A, Stj. 214, v. l.
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m. clothes-warmth, of bedclothes, Sks. 758. 1 Kings i. 1.
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m., contr. klængr, a name of a raven, poët., Edda (Gl.)
II. a pr. name, Klæingr, Landn.
(að), v. to itch; nú ~ oss lófarnir, now our palms itch; impers., mér ~r, I itch.
að, to itch; nú klæja oss lófarnir, our palms itch, Sturl. i. 42; gnú þú um háls mér þerrunni þvíat mér klæjar mjök, iii. 111; þeim mun í brún bregða ok ofarliga klæja (it will itch sorely) þá er ek berr fram vörnina, Nj. 239.
n. disgrace, cowardice.
n. (in mod. usage klækr, m.), [perh. akin to klekja and Goth. klahei = pusillanimity]:—disgrace, cowardice; kvað mönnum klæki í vera, ef einn Víkverskr maðr skal yfir oss ganga hér í frændhaga várum, Hkr. iii. 395; oss er þat klæki, segir hann, ef …, Fms. vii. 269; at honum væri hvárki at síðan skömm né klæki, Sturl. iii. 150; allir verðum vér þá at klækjum, Fms. v. 204; haf nú þetta, ok með bæði skömm ok klæki, Gísl. 63; en nú hafit ér ánauð ok þrælkon ok þar með stórklæki ok níðingsskap, Ó. H. 227; bera æfinlegt klækisnafn at þora eigi at hefna þín, Fms. ii. 69; klækis högg, a dastardly blow, Bjarn. 66, (a pun.)
COMPDS: klækisefni, klækjafullr, klækislaust, klækismaðr, klækisnafn, klækisorð, klækisskapr, klækisverk.
n. mean proceeding.
n. a mean, dastardly proceeding, Þorst. Síðu H. 49.
adv. blamelessly.
n. adj. blameless, ‘sans reproche,’ Sturl. i. 221.
m. dastard.
m. a dastard; kvað þá eigi meðal-klækismenn vera er þeir þyrði eigi at hefna sín, Ísl. ii. 71, Fms. xi. 270, Sturl. ii. 170.
n. name for cowardice.
n. a name for cowardice; see above.
a. = klækisnafn.
n. in same sense, Hom. 111, Fms. v. 136, Hkr. iii. 114.
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m. baseness, cowardice, Fms. xi. 270, Lv. 50.
n. base work.
n. a base work, Ld. 282.
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adv. in a dastardly way, Fs. 41, Vápn. 27.
a. dastardly, cowardly.
adj. dastardly, cowardly, Bs. i. 165, Ísl. ii. 451.
m. baseness, meanness.
n. baseness, meanness, Fbr. 74, Nj. 32.
(-ta, -tr), v. to put to shame.
t, to put to shame; suma hafi hón látið klækja á nokkurn hátt, Fas. iii. 75; ok telr þat manngi munu gört hafa at klækjask á við hann, Ísl. ii. 319; hence the mod. klekkja á e-m, to punish one; engi skal dirfask at göra henni kinnroða eðr klækja hana um, at hún fari fátækliga, Stj. 423.
a. disgraceful, mean.
adj. disgraceful, Stj. 406.
(-da, -dr), v. to put to shame.
d, [klám], to fall foul of; klæmdu mjök í orðum sínum Maumet ok Terrogant, (as Spenser, ‘Maumet and Termagaunt’), Flóv. 42:—mod., reflex. klæmast, to use obscene, filthy language.
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adj. using obscene, filthy language.
a. pl., see klak.
n. pl. [Dan. klukken], the chirping of birds, Rm. 41.
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að, to become klökkr, Karl. 545, freq. in mod. usage.
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adj., with a characteristic v, acc. klökkvan, etc., prop. bending, pliable, as of a reed; klökkr kjölr, Bs. i. 483 (in a verse); varð Mariusúðin klökk mjök ok skaut lykkjunum. Fms. viii. 199; klökk stál, of a ship, Edda (Ht.); á klökkva saumför, Orkn. 104 (in a verse).
II. metaph. soft, crying faintly, moved to tears; hann varð við þetta klökkr mjök … ok segir honum til vandræða sinna, Rd. 50; Jón ætlaði en sem fyr biskup með kúgan klökkan at göra, Bs. i. 289: broken-hearted, Eb. 78 (in a verse); þá urðo þeir klökkvir (they lost heart) ok flýðu frá Þóri, Hkr. Cd. Fr. 264; at hann skyldi gráta sem barn, ok lítill þróttr mundi í honum vera, at hana varð svá klökkr við þetta, Ó. H. 300; konungs-dóttir varð klökk við orð hans ok bliknaði, Karl. 100.
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pres. klökkr, pret. klökk, pl. klukku, also spelt with ey, kleyqva, Kb. of the Sæm.; [A. S. cloccan and Engl. cluck, limited in sense, like Lat. glocire; Dan. klynke]:
I. to soften; klökkvandi kalda jörð, Mar. (rare).
II. metaph. to sob, whine; kostir ‘ro betri heldr en at klökkva sé, Skm. 13; klukku þeir karlar er kunnu görst heyra, Am. 62; af sonarlegri ást klokk nú Josaphat mjök, Barl. 187; þá klökk konungrinn ok allir þeir er honum fylgðu, 211; þá klökkr hann af harmi hugar, Sks. 226; er Davíð heyrði þessi tíðindi, þá klökk hann, 716; einn af gestum Magnúss konungs gékk til ok kysti líkit ok klökk við, Fms. viii. 236, v. l.; honum fannsk svá mikit til vígslunnar at hann klökk, x. 109, v. l.; sumir klukku en sumir grétu, Barl. 190; sýta ok klökkva, Hom. (St.): part. klökkvandi, with failing voice; síðan minntusk þeir viðr Karl klökkvandi, Karl. 2, 180, 288: þótti honum konan klökkvandi kveða, Sturl. ii. 214 C; biðja, mæla klökkvandi, passim; the word is obsolete except as a participle.
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f. emotion, Mar.
(gen. klambrar), f. smith’s vice, fig. a tight place.
f. [akin to a well-known root word common to all Teut. languages, cp. Germ. klam, klemmen]:—a smith’s vice, of which a drawing is given in the old edition of Glúm. (1786).
2. metaph. of troops drawn up in a similar shape; í klömbrina miðja millum þessara fylkinga, Stj. 512; skulu vér nú renna at ok hafa spjótin fyrir oss, ok mun klambrar-veggrinn ganga ef fast er fylgt, Glúm. 386; losnaði þá fljótt fylking Skagfirðinga sem klambrar-veggr væri rekinn, Sturl. iii. 84:—a local name in Icel., see the poem in Fjölnir (1836), p. 31.
(gen. klappar, pl. klappir), f. stepping-stone.
f., pl. klappir, [klappa], a pier-like rock projecting into the sea, and looking as if shaped by art; lenda við klöppina, or klappirnar, freq. in western Icel.; as also of stepping stones over a stream, leiðin lá yfir mýrar ok fen, ok vóru þar höggnar yfir klappir, Fms. vii. 68; klappar-nef, n. a projecting rock.
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n. jutting rocks, Ó. H. 182 (Fb. ii. 309); lítið klöppurnes gékk fram fyrir utan hjá skipum þeirra, ok sá þeir því nær ekki út á fjörðinn, Fms. viii. 217; gékk klepparnes fyrir útan þá, Ó. H. 182.
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að, stuprare, only occurring in the form knafat, as a various reading to sorðit, Nj. 15.
(-s, -ar), m. a kind of stool.
m., different from hnakkr and hnakki, q. v., [cp. Engl. knick-knack = trifle]:—a kind of little chair, high stool; skaltú gera kistu at móður þinni ok undir knakka, make a coffin and a hearse, Fs. 132; hann settisk niðr á einn knakk, Bs. ii. 186; stólar fjórir, knakkr, lectari, Pm. 17; lang-knakkr, an oblong bench; eldar vóru stórir í elda-skálanum, ok sátu þar nokkurir menn á langknökkum, Finnb. 310; hand-knakkr (q. v.), a kind of crutches.
in. valet, varlet.
a, m. [A. S. cnapa; Engl. knave; Germ. knabe]:—a servant boy, the valet of a king or great man, Js. 14, N. G. L. ii. 434, O. H. 70, 71, Karl. 331, Þiðr. 141.
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að, to furnish with studs; knappaðr, studded, of a garment, Rétt. 120; gull-k., Eg. (in a verse).
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a, m. a nickname, Landn.; whence Knappa-dalr, m. a local name, id.
(-s, -ar), m.
1) knob (staf íhendi ok knapp á); ríða knapp á, to furnish a thing with a knob;
2) stud, button (með knappi ok nezlu).
adj. [Dan. knap], scanty.
(-s, -ar), m.
1) knob (staf íhendi ok knapp á); ríða knapp á, to furnish a thing with a knob;
2) stud, button (með knappi ok nezlu).
m., mod. hnappr, [A. S. cnæp; Engl. knop (Chaucer), later knob; Germ. knopf; Dutch knop]:—a knob; staf í hendi ok knapp á, Þorf. Karl. 374; the knob or head of a pole or the like, Fms. viii. 428; þá skýfðu þegar knappinn or hrips-grindinni. Lv. 65; stöng mikil upp ór ok knappr á ór gulli, Fb. ii. 128; upp af hornstöfunum vóru stórir knappar af eiri görvir, 297; á ofanverðri þeirri stöng er einn mikill gullknappr, Þiðr, 189; stöng gulli búin upp at knöppunum, id.; hringr eða knappr, Grág. ii. 232: the phrase, gefa frelsi frá horni ok knappi, from the clasp and neck-collar being a badge of servitude, N. G. L. i. 228; ríða knapp á e-t, to furnish a thing with the knob, i. e. finish it, Ísl. ii. 102.
2. a stud, button; kjafal kneppt saman milli fóta með knappi ok nezlu, Þorf. Karl. 412. knappa-svipa, u, f. a kind of lash = Russ. knut, Bs. ii. 10.
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a, m. a knob-head, ball-head, Hkr. iii. 80.
n. iron staff with a knob at one end.
n. iron with a knob at one end, Bs. i. 379, used for surgical operations.
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n. a tent; see knappr, D. N.
m. ship’s boat (see knörr).
m. = eptir-bátr, a ship’s boat, Bjarn. 16, Ld. 116.
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u, f. a nickname, Landn.
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n. a local name in Icel.
n. = knörr.
n. = knörr, Dropl. 4.
m. shipwright.
m. a shipwright, a nickname, Ó. H.
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a, m. = knörr (q. v.), Arnór.
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n. = knörr, Fms. vi. 305, v. l.
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að, to lift to the level of one’s head; also járn-knatta.
f. = knatttré.
u, f. a ‘ball-smiter,’ a bat, Vígl. 69 new Ed.
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m. = knattdrepa, Grett. 92.
f. = knatttré.
u, f. a trap to catch the ball in the knattleikr, Grett. 92 A.
n. a blow with a ball.
n. a blow with a ball, Vígl. 69 new Ed.
m. playing at ball.
m. playing at ball, a kind of cricket or trap-ball, a favourite game with the old Scandinavians, Sturl. ii. 190; described in the Sagas, Grett. ch. 17, Gísl. pp. 26, 32, Eg. ch. 40, Vígl. ch. 11 (13 new Ed.), Hallfr. S. ch. 2 (Fs. 86), Þorst. S. Vík. ch. 10, Gullþ. ch. 2, Harð. ch. 22; the ice in winter was a favourite play-ground, see Gullþ. etc. l. c.
n. bat.
n. a bat-trap, Eg. 188, Fas. ii. 407, Gísl. 32.
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1. m. a knoll, crag, D. N. v. 620; whence the mod. Dan. knös and bonde-knös = a ‘boor knoll,’ a boorish youth.
2. m. a square clod of turf, Lat. caespes; cp. Dan. knös; the mod. Icel. form is hnauss, q. v.
(pl. knegum; knátta), a defective verb, I can (could); knákat ek segja, I cannot say (poet.).
a defect. verb, for the conjugation of which see Gramm. p. xxxiii; the pres. infin. knegu nowhere occurs, whereas a pret. infin. knáttu occurs in Sighvat (Fms. vi. 40); a subj. pres. knega, knegi, knegim, Hkv. 2. 34, Fsm. 22, 25, 41, Stor. 15, N. G. L. i. 89; pret. knáði for knátti, Fms. xi. 296 (in a verse), Rekst.; with a suff. neg. kná-at, non potest, Gm. 25; knák-a, non possum, Hým. 32, Am. 52; knegu-t, plur. non possunt, Hkv. Hjörv. 13: [A. S. cnáwan; Engl. know]:—I know how to do a thing, I can, or quite paraphrastically like Engl. do; ek kná sja, I can see, i. e. I do see, freq. in poetry, always followed by an infinitive, but very rare in prose:
I. in poetry; öllu gulli kná hann einn ráða, Fm. 34; hver er þær kná hafa óviltar, Sdm. 19; knáttu sjá mey und hjálmi, Fm. 44; melta knáttu, Akv. 36; er vörðr né verr vinna knátti, Gkv. 33; ef ek sjá knætti, 22; ef hann eiga knætti, Skv. 3. 3; ok knætta ek þér í faðmi felask, Hkv. 2. 27; knættim hefna, Gh. 5; kneguð oss fara, ye cannot confound us, Hkv. Hjörv. 13; knega ek grami fagna, Hkv. 2. 34: knegi hníga, Fsm. 25; knegi sofa, 41, 42; sá er trúa knegim, Stor. …
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adv. hardily, doughtily (þeir sœkja ~ ferðina).
adv. deftly, doughtily: þeir sækja k. ferðina, Ld. 226; stöndum mót þeim k., Fms. i. 303; skipaði jarl Orminn sem knáligast, iii. 12; hann keyrði nautin k., Glúm. 342.
a. = knár.
adj. deft, brisk-looking; þeir vóru knáligir menn ok vóru mjök grjótpálar fyrir búi Ósvífrs, Ld. 122; miðaldra menn ok inir knáligustu, Sturl. i. 99.
(kná, knátt), a. hardy, vigorous; having strength and energy.
adj., fem. kná (knó, Bs. i. 345), neut. knátt, [cp. Lat. gnavus]:—pithy, vigorous; hann var mikill maðr vexti ok knár, ok inn vaskasti um alla hluti, Sturl. ii. 38; Þorbjörn var knástr maðr, Lv. 27; þá var gott til knárra manna í Miðfirði, Þórð. 15; var Karl knástr, Sd. 138; varð síðan til kona vel tvítog, en knó, Bs. i. 345; knáir menn ok úlatir, Fbr. 50 new Ed.; ok óæð óknóm mönnum, Bs. i. 349; skal ek fá til kná menn at fylgja þér, Þorst. Síðu H. 181; vita mátti þó þat, segir Grettir, at ek munda eigi slíku til leiðar koma, sem ek hefi unnit, ef ek væra eigi all-knár, Grett. 97 new Ed.; margr er knár þó hann sé smár, a saying; eigi matti hann styrkvan kalla at afli en þó var hann hinn knásti ok inn fimasti, Sturl. iii. 221; í þessi skriðu týndisk Markús, en sá komsk í brott heill er óknástr var, Bs. i. 640; líkar þeim vel við Brand, þvíat hann var bæði knár ok liðvaskr, Lv. 24; Þórarinn var knástr maðr annarr en Þorgils, Fs. 143.
m. prowess, hardihood.
m. prowess, pithiness, Sd. 138, Bjarn. 48.
(að), v. to determine (er þar nú ~t um annat ráð).
að, to determine; er þar nú knefat um annat ráð, Sturl. ii. 181; er þat nú knefat at ek vil hafa Skagafjörð, iii. 232.
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f. determination (?); má eigi þat þú mæla at þér takit knefanar kost, Sturl. iii. 276.
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m. a post, pole; búð með fjórum kneflum, Gþl. 499.
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f. [cp. Engl. nip], a kind of nippers or pincers, Björn; hreifa kneif, ‘palm-pincers,’ poët. for the hand, grasp, Gísl. (in a verse): a nickname, Landn. 278.
(pl. -ar), f. close embrace, hug (kossar ok ~ar).
f. a grasping, embrace; kossa ok kneikingar, Fb. i. 411.
(-ta, -tr), v. to bend backwards with force (~ e-n aptr á bak).
t, [Dan. knække], to bend backwards with force; hann kneikti hann aptr á bak, Eg. 397; tók í axlir honum ok kneikti hann upp at stöfum, 552; síðan þú kneiktir hann Kallrana, Fas. ii. 131.
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m. courage; kjark ok knell, 655 xvii. 24.
(-ta, -tr), v.
1) to press, hug (~ e-n at sér);
2) to stud, button.
t, [knappr], to stud; hettu knepta niðr millum fóta sér, Bárð. 179, Þorf. Karl. 412; kneppta skúa, nailed shoes, Fas. i. 34.
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u, f. = knörr, a nickname, Fms. viii.
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t, to grumble; engi knettir um annars mein, Mkv.
(-ða, -ðr), v. to quaff (Egill kneyfði af horninu í einum drykk).
ð, a false form; see kveyfa.
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m. a ravisher (?), Bjarn. (in a verse).
(gen. pl. knjá, dat. knjám or knjóm), m.
1) knee;
sitja á ~ e-m, to sit on a person’s knee;
ganga (koma, fara, hvarfa) fyrir ~ e-m, to approach one as a suppliant;
koma e-m á ~, to bring one to his knees, overcome;
láta ~ fylgja kviði, to plant the knee on the belly;
sitja fyrir knjóm e-rri, to attend a woman in childbirth;
2) knee-timber in a ship.
n., gen. pl. knjá, dat. knjám, and older knióm; [Goth. kniu; A. S. cneow; O. H. G. chniu: Germ. knie; Dan. knæ; Lat. genu; Gr. γόνυ]:—the knee; hrynja í kné, Þkv. 30; á knjánum, Fms. i. 182; á bæði kné, Nj. 70; setja á kné e-m, Fms. i. 16; andaðisk Kjartan í knjám Bolla, ii. 257; á kné kalinn, Hm. 3; þat er fall, ef maðr styðr niðr kné eðr hendi, Grág.
2. phrases, ganga, koma (fara, hvarfa) fyrir kné e-m, to go, come, before another’s knees, approach as a suppliant, Nj. 212, 229, Fbr. (in a verse), Fms. viii. 299; leiða e-n fyrir kné e-m, id., Sks. 650; láta kné fylgja kvíði, let the knee follow the belly, plant the knee on the belly, in wrestling, Grett. 28 new Ed.; koma e-m á kné, to bring one to his knees, overcome; öllum kemr hann (the death) á kné, Al. 132; henni (Elli = the Age) hefir engi á kné komit, Edda ii. 286, Karl. 421; tala um þvert kné sér, to ‘talk across one’s knees,’ to gossip, chatter, Sturl. iii. 150; rísa á kné, to arise, Hým. 51; sitja fyrir kné, knjóm e-m, to sit at one’s knees, feet, Og. 8 (of a midwife); en þjónustu-kona hennar sat fyrir knjóm henni, ok skyldi taka við barninu, Fms. …
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f. the hollow of the knee.
f., pl. knésbætr, (but knésfótum, Sæm. 91), the houghs, Lat. poplites, Fms. iii. 188, Fbr. 159, 179, Al. 43, Fas. ii. 354, Edda 40.
m. knee cushion; falla á knébeð, to kneel.
m. a knee cushion; falla á knébeð, to kneel, Greg. 67, Hom. 75, Ld. 328, Nj. 132, Fms. viii. 95; leggjast á k., Bs. i. 352; knébeðja-fall, kneeling, H. E. ii. 188.
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ð, to bow the knees, Mar.
f. knee-piece.
f. a knee-piece, Sks. 405.
n. kneeling.
n. kneeling, Th. 16, Barl. 25, Stat. 299.
(see falla), v. to fall on the knees; to kneel.
féll, to fall on the knees, Stj. 204, Fms. i. 147, Bs. i. 684.
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n. (?), knékast, festar-fé ok morgungjöf, D. N. i. 356.
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kraup, to kneel.
m. knee-joint.
m. the knee-joint. Sturl. iii. 116.
m. lineage, kinship; degree in descent.
m. [A. S. cneow-rim and cneowres, see kné II. above: knérunnr (if referred to runnr = a grove) gives no adequate meaning, whereas the A. S. rîm = number is just the word we should expect; and as the identity between the A. S. and Norse law terms can scarcely be doubted, it is likely that the Norse or Icel. form is simply a corruption of the A. S. form. Probably, as the A. S. rîm was unintelligible to the Norsemen, they took the Norse word nearest in sound; the word was probably borrowed from the A. S. through the eccl. law, so that its use in Nj. is an anachronism]:—lineage, as also degree in lineage; þat er k. at telja frá systkinum, Grág. i. 171; telja knérunnum, 254; veg þú aldrei meir í enn sama knérunn en um sinn, Nj. 85; allt til hinnar sjaundu kynkvíslar eða knérunns, Stj. 54; ella mun ek mæla þat orð, Yngveldr, at uppi mun vera alla æfi í knérunni yðrum, Þorst. Síðu H. 186.
(see setja), v. to place upon one’s knees, a kind of adoption (hann knésetti þann svein ok fóstraði).
tt, to set on one’s knees, a kind of adoption; hann knésetti þann svein ok fóstraði, Hkr. i. 97; þá tók Haukr sveininn ok setr á kné Aðalsteini konnngi … Haukr mælti, knésett hefir þú hann nú ok máttu myrða hann ef þú vill, 120.
m. foster-son.
m. a ‘knee-set,’ a foster son, Fms. i. 85.
n. sinking on one’s knees.
n. a sinking on one’s knees, metaph. fá knésig, Fas. iii. 430.
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f. the knee-pan, Fær. 269, Nj. 205, O. H. L. 73.
n. humiliation; koma ~i á e-n to bring one to his knees.
n. a dishonour, humiliation, of a member of a family; nú verðr knéskot í erfðum, þá skal sá hafa er nánari er, N. G. L. i. 49; koma knéskoti á e-n, to bring one to his knees, Barl. 53.
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f. the name of the Rune ᛋ, Skálda 177.
I)
(að), v. to consider, debate (er þeir kníaðu þetta mál milli sín).
II)
v. poet., only in the pret. ‘kníði’, to knock, strike; kníðum unnir we rowed.
or knjá, ð:
I. to press, urge, debate; eigi kunnu vér at segja hve lengi þeir kníöðu þetta, Fms. xi. 48; en er þeir kníaðu þetta mál milli sín, Ó. H. 127, (Hkr. ii. 207, Fms. iv. 284 wrongly knýaðu.)
II. most freq. in poetry, but only in the pret. kníði, to knock, strike, press; hamri kníði háfjall skarar, Hým. 2. 1; kníði grindr, Am. 35; hörpu kníði, Akv. 32; hirð kníði árar, Rekst.; kníðum unnir, we rowed, Akv. 36; hinn er kjölslóðir kníði, Fms. xi. 196 (in a verse); þeir kníðu ber báðir, pressed the vine, Skálda (in a verse); þeir kníðu hjálma, Fas. ii. 549 (in averse); þeir kníðu blá borð, Sighvat; atróðr mikinn kníðu (gníðu MS.), Jd. 22.
III. reflex. to struggle, fight hard; harðir kníðusk menn at, Fms. xi. 305 (in a verse).
2. part. kníðr, kníðan kjapt, Fms. viii. 208 (in a verse); foldar síðu brimi kníða, a surf-beaten coast, xi. 307.
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m. pl. champions; seggir, kníar ok liðar, Edda (Gl.)
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m. a napkin (?), Vm. 109, D. N. iii. 202, iv. 217.
(-s, -ar), m. knife, dirk.
m., mod. hnífr; [Dan. kniv; Swed. knif; Engl. knife]:—a knife or dirk, such as the ancients wore fastened to their belts; and so a knife with a belt is freq. mentioned as a gift; the handles of these knives or dirks were neatly carved of walrus’ tusks; see Landn. l. c., Sks. l. c., Am. 55, 59, Gþl. 164, Eg. 210, N. G. L. i. 39, Bs. i. 385; kníf ok belli, Nj. 73, Fs. 98: metaph. in the phrase, kaupa um knífa, to exchange knives, to change one’s state, Korm. 238; skar Tjörfi þau á knífsskepti sínu, T. carved their images on his knives’ handles, Landn. 248; hafa þeir hvalir tennr ekki stærri en göra má mjök stór knífa-hepti af, Sks. 127.
COMPDS: knífadúkr, knífsblað, knífsegg, knífshepti, knífsoddr, knífsskapt.
n. knife’s blade.
n. a knife’s blade, Rétt. 2. 10.
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f. a knife’s edge.
n. knife’s handle.
n. a knife’s handle, Landn. 248, Sks. 127.
m. knife’s point.
m. a knife’s point, Fs. 144.
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(-skepti), n. = knífskepti, Fms. iii. 358, 391, Landn. 248.
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m. a knee-cloth, cushion, Vm. 52, Dipl. iii. 4, v. 18.
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m. the knee-joint, Fas. iii. 329.
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m. a crag, knoll; the mod. form is hnjúkr.
II. as a pr. name, Landn.; spelt knykr, D. I. i. 399.
(að), v. to knead (~ saman mjöl ok smjör).
að, mod. hnoða. [A. S. cnêdan], to knead; knoða saman mjöl ok smjör, Landn. 34; þeir höfðu knoðat saman deig við snjó, Ann. 1337; mólu þeir þat í sundr sem smæst, knoðaðu síðan saman, Stj. 293; þá bað Sigmundr hann knoða ór mjölvi því … í mjölinu, er ek tók at knoða, ok hér hefi ek með knoðat þat er í var, Fas. i. 129.
(að), v. to knock, thump.
ad, [A. S. cnucian], to knock, thump; þeir höfðu áðr bart höfuðit allt á honum ok knokat, Hom. 120; Þorvaldr knokaði (forced) sína menn til ljúgvitna, Bs. i. 665; ok hygg ek at menn mínir hefði hann mest knokat, Karl. 399.
(að), v. to bruise, beat.
að, [Ulf. knusian = to kneel; A. S. cnysian; Dan. knuse]:—to bruise, beat; þeir höfðu áðr barit höfuð hans ok knosat, Fms. v. 148; senda mun Drottinn yfir þik hungr þar til er hann knosar þik, Stj. 344, 345; skal ek með miklum ok margföldum kvölum knosa yðra líkami, Fb. i. 404; tekr hann at knosa hjarta Theophili, Th. 14; knosuð bönd, Líkn. 30: knosaðr, often eccl., in the sense of bruised, contrite; sundrknosað hjarta, a contrite heart, Vídal. passim.
m. knuckle (hvítnuðu knúarnir).
a, m. a knuckle, Rm. 8; hann herði hendrnar at hamarskaptinu svá at hvítnuðu knúarnir, Edda 28, Fms. vi. 106; á knjám ok knúum, v. 140.
II. a kind of ship, Edda (Gl.)
2. a pr. name, Gs. 13.
(að), v. to knock, ill-treat.
að, to knock, ill-treat, Fms. vii. 269, ix. 468, Fas. iii. 497.
f. knocking, ill-treatmeant.
f. knocking. Fms. ii. 87, viii. 41.
f. knuckle-bone, joint-bone.
u, f., mod. hnúta:—a knuckle-bone, joint-bone, head of a bone (lær-knúta, the hip joint); blóð hljóp milli leggjarins ok knútunnar, Bs. i. 179, 253; hann tekr svá við knútunni, þar fylgir leggrinn með, Fas 67. knútu-kast, n. a throwing with knuckle-bones, a game, Bárð. 176.
a. knotted.
adj. knotted, Berl. 147.
(-s, -ar), m.
1) knot; leysa knút, to undo a knot; ríða knút, to tie a knot; knýta knút, to knit a knot;
2) hump, protuberance.
m. [Engl. knot; Dan. knud; Swed. knut], a knot, Stj. 96, Bs. ii. 170; leysa knút, Edda 29, Fms. i. 112; ríða knút, to tie a knot, iii. 97, vii. 123; knýta knút, to knit a knot, Fb. i. 97; ef knútr losnar, gjaldi sá er knút knýtti, N. G. L. ii. 281: metaph., reið Nichulás knút á því, at hann mundi aldri lausar láta þær eignir, Sturl. iii. 144; rembi-knútr, a kind of knot; reipa-k.,—some of these references, esp. Fms. vii. l. c., as also several phrases, refer to a tale akin to that told in Arrian Anab. 2. 3.
II. medic. a bump, protuberance, after a bone fracture or the like, 655 xi. 1, Bs. i. 328, Bárð. 174; tóku at losna þeir knútar sem sinarnar höfðu saman dregit, Mar.
III. a pr. name, Knútr, m. Cnut, Canute, Fms.: mar-knútr, q. v.
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m. = fnykr (q. v.), Barl.
(-ta, -tr), v. to beat, strike (þeir knylltu hann með keyrinu). knypri, n. cowering; vefja sik í ~, to crouch together.
t, [A. S. cnyllan; Engl. knell], to beat with a blunt weapon; þeir knylltu harm með keyrinu, Sturl. iii. 212.
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n. a cowering; vefja sik í knypri, to crouch together, Konr.; see hnipr.
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f. = knúskan, Háv. 41.
(að), v. to knit or tie together.
að, mod. hnytja, [knútr], to knit together, truss; nú knytja þau saman yxnina, Bret. 26; á sumri hey hnytja, Haligr., Snót.
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m. pl. the descendants of Cnut, the old royal family of Denmark. Knytlinga-Saga, u, f. the Saga of the K.
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m., see úknyttr.
(pl. knýflar), m. short horn.
m., mod. hnýfill, a short horn, Hkr. i. 72, Fms. x. 170.
a. short-horned.
adj. short-horned, Fms. viii. 243, Thom. 473.
(kný, knýða or knúða, knúinn), v.
1) to knock; hann knúði hurðina, he knocked at the door;
2) to press, drive onward (þeir knúðu fast árar með stórum bakföllum); to push, urge on (hann gat varla fylgt henni, svá knúði hón fast reiðina);
3) refl. to struggle on, press on; því harðara er Þórr knúðist at fanginu, því fastara stóð hón, the more Thor exerted himself, the firmer she stood.
pres. knýr, pl. knýjum; pret. knýði and knúði; part. pass. knúinn: [Scot. know, knusc, = to press down with the fists and knees; Swed. knoga; Dan. knuge]:—to knock, press; tvær kistur fullar af gulli, svá at eigi máttu tveir menn meira k. (carry?), Fms. xi. 24; knýið á, ok mun fyrir yðr upp lokið verða, Matth. vii. 7; hann knúði hurðina, he knocked at the door, Fms. vi. 122; knýr hausmagi hurð, bróðir, ok knýr heldr fast, Grett. 154; eptir þat knýja þeir þar á ofan stórt grjót, Fas. ii. 508:—to press, knýr hann þá þar til er þeir segja, Bs. ii. 227; páfinn knýr hann at eiðstafnum, 52; þeir knúðu fast árar með stórum bakföllum, Fas. i. 214; hann staðfestisk fyrir hellis-dyrum, knýði fast ok kallaði, Barl. 199; kný hann fast ok mæl þetta, … ok í því er Einarr var knúinn, Fms. vi. 280.
2. esp. in poetry, to press on, urge onwards; hann gat varia fylgt henni, svá knúði hón fast reiðina, Ld. 138; knyja merki, vexilla proferre, Fms. vi. 87 (in a verse); knýja vé, id., Orkn.; skúr knýði snekkju brand frá landi, Fms. vi. 134; sverðálfr knýði lagar stóð sunnan, Ht.; þeir knýðu blá borð, Sighvat; ormr knýr unnir, Vsp. …
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(-tta, -ttr), v. to knit, fasten by a knot, bind, tie (hon knýtir saman halana á nautunum); with dat. (skulum vér ~ líndregli um fremra stafn); impers., knýtti hrygginn (acc.), the back knotted up, became crooked.
t, [knútr; A. S. cnytan; Engl. knit; Dan. knytte]:—to knit, fasten by a knot, bind, tie; ek knýtt silki-dregli um höfuð barninu, id., Fms. xi. 2; leggr á ok knýtir við vagn, Bret. 26; knýta saman, to knit together, Skálda 180; hann knýtir saman halana í nautunum, Gísl. 29.
2. of a purse (knýtil-skauti); fingrgullit hafði knýtt verit í enni sveininum, Fms. xi. 2; hón hafði knýtt í dúkinn gull mikit, Fs. 59.
II. impers. in a medic. sense; knýtti hrygginn (acc.), the back knotted up, became crooked, Fms. vii. 208; þó lá mestr verkr í lendum hennar þar til er þær (acc.) knýtti, Bs. i. 328; þá er sínar knýtti, Eb. 244; knýttr, knotted, crippled; knýttr var hann á herðum ok bringu, Fms. vii. 239; knýtt ok bömluð, Þryml. 71; var ekki bein brotið ok knýtt, Bs. i. 347; var hryggr ok lendar knýttr en fætrnir kreptir, 181.
n. bag, purse.
n. a bag, purse; hón tekr upp grösin ok leggr knýtið undir höfuð sér, Fas. iii. 580, Bs. ii. 170; see knýti-skauti.
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m. knitter, a nickname, Landn.
m. = knýtilskauti.
a, m., prop. a knotted sheet or kerchief, a bag, purse; for the ancients used to keep money and precious things in kerchiefs knotted up and used as a purse, Bs. i. 337, 340, Ó. H. 148. Gísl. 19:—so also knýtil-skauti, a, m.; tók einn knýtilskauta ok leysir til, Ölk. 37; leysa til knýtilskauta, Fas. iii. 580: see knýti.
(gen. knarrar, dat. knerri; pl. knerrir, acc. ~u), m. ship, esp. merchant-ship, opp. to langskip.
m., gen. knarrar, dat. knerri, n. pl. knerrir, acc. knörru; [A. S. cnear]:—a ship, esp. a kind of merchant-ship, opp. to langskip; hann hafði tvá knorru ok sextigu hermanna á hverjum, Fms. iii. 36; öll stórskip bæði knörru ok önnur, ix. 167; er betra at halda langskipum til hafnar en knörrum, Fas. i. 278; eptir þat kom Hængr með knörru tvá, Eg. 71, 79. 98, Lv. 100.
COMPDS: knarrarbátr, knarrarbringa, knarrarnes, knarrarskip, knarrarsmiðr.
(gen. knattar, dat. knetti; pl. knettir, acc. knöttu), m. ball; herða knúa at knetti, to play at ball.
m., gen. knattar, dat. knetti. pl. knettir, acc. knöttu:—a ball, Þorf. Karl. 426, Fms. iii. 186: þá var sullrinn sprunginn ok hlaupinn í þrjá knöttu, Bs. i. 178, v. l.
II. a cricket-ball, Sturl. ii. 190, Grett. 92, Vígl. 24, Gísl. 26, Fs. 60, 86; betra þykkir Hrafni at herða knúa at knetti en hefna föður síns, H. is fonder of playing at ball than of revenging his father, Fms. vi. 106.
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a, m. popular name for a seal, kópr: a nickname, Fas. ii. 439.
II. a pet name for Jacob.
m. pillow.
a, m. [Scot. and North. E. cod; Swed. kudde]:—a pillow, Str. 5, Dipl. iii. 4, v. 18, Vm. 109; kodda-ver, a pillow-case, freq. in mod. usage; silki-k., a silk pillow.
No entry
a, m. the scrotum, of animals; cp. A. S. codd = a bag.
No entry
u, f. a young puffin; teisti-k., lunda-k.: kofna-far, n., -tekja, u, f. catching young puffins.
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or kofarn, n. and kofarn-rakki, a, m. [cp. early Dan. kofæn-rakkæ]:—a lap-dog, N. G. L. i. 234 (spelt kofan): metaph. a snappish person, hann var et mesta kofarn í skapi, Finnb. 280.
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n. [for. word], a coffer, (mod.)
m. convent cell; hut, shed.
a, m. [A. S. cofa], used of a convent cell, 673. 55, Bs. i. 204, Landn. 50, Stj. 227, 471, D. N. passim, Mar.: a hut, shed, freq. in mod. usage.
No entry
m. a cowl; see kufl.
n. coffer (skrín ok ~).
n. [for. word], a coffer; skrín ok kofr, Pm. 19.
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a, m. a hood or bonnet of fur, Ölk. 34; svartr lambskinnskofri, Sturl. ii. 154, Þorf. Karl. 374, N. G. L. i. 211, Vígl. 22.
a. testy, snappish.
adj. testy, snappish, Fas. ii. 233.
n. a snappish, testy person (menni-skapi).
n. a snappish, testy person; k. í skapi, Finnb. 280.
(að), v. to goggle, look askance.
að, [kaga], to goggle, Fs. 48.
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n. the gullet, esp. of birds; ok víðka kokin vesallig, víandi láta mata sig, Bb. 2. 25, freq. in mod. usage. kok-mæltr, adj. speaking in the gullet.
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að, to gulp like a gull.
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m. = Dan. hanrej, from Lat. cuculus, a cuckold.
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1. m. [for. word], a cook; kokks-hnífa grélur, Hallgr., (rare.)
2. m. a cock, occurs as a απ. λεγ. in Edda (Gl.) ii. 488.
n. pl. coals, charcoal (svíða ~).
n. pl. [A. S. côl; Engl. coal; O. H. G. and Germ. kohlen; Dan. kul]:—coals, charcoal; kurla, kvista, svíða kol, brenna kol, Grág. i. 200, ii. 295, Nj. 57, Ölk. 34; göra kol, Grág. ii. 297; leiri ok kolum, Fms. ii. 59; elda viði ok hafa til kola, Grág. ii. 211; brenna at köldum kolum (see kaldr), Fms. iii. 92, passim; kalda-kol (see kaldr), cold ashes.
II. metaph., in compds, kol-svartr, kol-dimmr, coal-black; in pr. names (of dark skin, hair, beard), of men, Kolr, Kol-beinn, Kol-grímr, Kol-björn, Kol-finnr, Kol-skeggr; of women, Kol-finna, Kol-brún (q. v.), Kol-gríma, Landn.
COMPDS: kolagröf, kolakarl, kolameiss.