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adv. ingeniously, 351.
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adj. ingenious, Fms. vii. 225.
1) recurring to one’s mind;
2) mindful, attentive.
(-kœmr), adj. ingenious; h. ok margbreytinn, Vápn. 3, Þorst. S. St. 46, Fms. vi. 217: of things, recurring to the mind, kvað þá hugkvæmra Vatnsdals-meyjum ef hann væri svá nær götu, i. e. they would sooner recollect him, Fs. 67; helzti hugkvæmt er um þau tíðendi, Fms. vi. 36, Valla L. 218, Bjarn. 7 (dear); hversu h. hann var eptir at leita við vini sína hvat þeim væri at harmi, Fms. vii. 103.
a. faint-hearted, cowardly.
adj. heartless, faint-hearted, Ld. 232, Fbr. 35, Nj. 217, Fas. i. 192, iii. 616.
(see leggja), v. to lay to mind, to reflect on.
lagði, to lay to mind, consider, Fas. iii. 527.
(-dda, -ddr), v. to pay attention to, consider.
d, to consider, reflect, 655 xi. 3, Ld. 204, Eg. 70, Fs. 69, Fms. i. 3, vi. 280, vii. 30, Stj. 25, Barl. 115, 122, Sks. 3, Grett. 161, passim.
f. reflection.
f. reflection, Gísl. 16, Barl. 113, freq.
pp. n., mér er eigi ~ at, I have no mind to.
n. part., e-m er e-t h., with heart bent upon a thing, Fas. iii. 268.
f., faint-heartedness.
u, f. timidity, Karl. 339.
n. faint-heartedness.
n. id., Nj. 264, Fms. ii. 68, Karl. 318, passim.
a. n., e-m er ~ = e-m er hughœgt.
n. adj. light-hearted; e-m er huglétt, Stj. 290, 428, Edda 218.
m. mind’s ease, comfort.
m. mind’s ease, comfort, Bs. ii. 225.
a. fainthearted.
adj. little-minded, timid, Rb. 348, Ísl. ii. 102.
m. darling; (hann var ljúfi allra manna).
a, m. a darling; vera h. hvers manns.
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adj. engaging, kind.
m. bold man.
m. a bold man, Þiðr. 174.
adv. boldly.
adv. boldly, Fms. vii. 164.
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m. moodiness, Safn i. 33, 116.
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f. ‘mind’s-shaping,’ a mod. rendering of idea.
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n. adj., Thom. 386.
a. stout-hearted, noble.
adj. stout-hearted, Fbr. 5.
f. courage, nobleness.
f. courage, Fms. ii. 69, vi. 418, passim.
a. stout-hearted.
adj. stout-hearted, Sks. 437, Al. 33.
f.
1) trial of one’s mind;
2) trial of valour.
f. ‘mind’s-trial,’ a trial, Sturl. iii. 145: trial of courage, Fms. v. 165.
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adj. cheerful, Lex. Poët.
f. courage, intrepidity.
f. courage, Fms. ii. 322.
f. thought.
f. ‘mind’s-wandering,’ thought, meditation, Sks. 559, Hom. 47, 54, Greg. 13, Post. 656 C. 28, Barl. 32, 86, 180, N. T., Vídal. passim.
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part. a trusted, tried friend, Haustl.
I)
f. peace of mind.
II)
f. clinch on a sword’s hilt.
f. peace of mind, Str. 88: the name of a ship, Fms. viii. 385.
f. = höggró, Fms. i. 177, Hkr. i. 238, Þórð. 44 new Ed.
f. pl. ‘mind-runes’.
f. pl. ‘mind’s-runes,’ magical runes with a power of wisdom, Sdm.
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f., vision, Thom. 2.
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f. vision.
a. distressed, anxious.
adj. ‘mind-sick,’ distressed, anxious, Nj. 9, Fms. i. 205, vi. 69, vii. 104, viii. 8, Hkr. ii. 11, Al. 73.
n. mind, soul.
n. [properly either ‘mind’s-recess,’ from skot, a recess, or rather ‘mind’s-shooting,’ analogous to hugrenning]:—mind, soul; hryggt h., a bereaved mind, Sks. 24, Fms. x. 151; með réttu hugskoti, Blas. 41; hugskots-eyru, Hom. 53; hugskots hendr, 54; hugskots augu, the mind’s eye, 47, Stj. 20, 132, Rb. 380; mitt h., my mind, Fms. i. 140; fjarlægr mönnum í hugskotinu, 272; vitnisburðr hugskotsins, K. Á. 50; blindr á hugskotinu, viii. 294; at faðir hann skyldi við hans h. sem síðast verða varr, Barl. 16; hreinsa h. sitt með iðran, Hom. (St.), Thom. 9, 13; freq. in the N. T. as to render νους or νόημα, e. g. elska skaltú Drottinn Guð þinn af öllu hjarta, af allri sálu, ok af öllu hugskoti, Matth. xxii. 37, Luke i. 35, Rom. xiii. 2, 1 Cor. ii. 16, 2 Cor. iii. 14, iv. 4, xi. 5, 2 Tim. iii. 8, Tit. i. 15, Vídal. passim.
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adj. doughty, Lex. Poët.
f. care, anxiety, concern.
f. sickness of mind, care, anxiety, concern, Bret. 24, Str. 4, Róm. 297, Mar.
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adj. sagacious, Sks. 627.
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adj. wise.
f. sagacity, foresight.
f. sagacity, foresight, Sturl. i. 206, Orkn. 166.
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f. ‘mind-spaeing,’ prophecy, Sturl. i. 206 C.
m. the heart (poet.).
m., poët. the heart, Lex. Poët.
a. strong of mind.
adj. strong-minded, Al. 8, MS. 4. 28.
pp. in high spirits.
part. in high spirits, Grett. 177 new Ed., Mart. 100.
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adj. haughty, Pass. 21. 7.
a. high-minded.
adj. high-minded, Fs. 129.
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adj. = hugsterkr, Karl. 345.
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adj. steadfast; e-m er e-t hugstætt, fixed in one’s mind, Fs. 180, Grett. 151 A; vera hugstætt til e-s, to busy one’s mind with a thing, Ísl. ii. 19, where used of antipathy.
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að, to refresh the soul, comfort, Vídal., Pass.
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f. consolation.
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adj. wise, Sighvat.
f. anxiety.
f. anxiety, Luke xii. 25, Pass. 36. 6.
(-ta, -tr), v. to make one anxious.
t, to dishearten, Al. 6.
m. affliction, grief.
a, m. bereavement, grief, affliction, Bs. i. 645, Fms. v. 208.
a. true, faithful.
adj. true, faithful, Nj. 258.
a. weak-minded.
adj. weak-minded, Fas. i. 418.
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u, f. ‘soul’s-waking,’ the title of a religious tract.
n. understanding, sagacity.
n. understanding, sagacity, Fms. ii. 286; hugvit til bóknæmis, Bs. i. 793; hvass í hugviti, Mar.; skilning ok h., Stj. 12; djúpsæi ok h., 560; skilja af sínu hugviti, Hom. 84; í hugviti smiðsins, Eluc. 7: mod. genius.
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adj. clever, Mar.
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adj., see hógværr, Hom. 8, 129.
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adv. engagingly; h. ok lítillátliga, MS. 15. 1.
a. endeared to one, after one’s heart (~ allri alþýðu).
adj. endeared to one, after one’s heart; h. hverjum góðum manni, Bs. i. 72, Fms. i. 140; h. allri alþýðu, vii. 102; öllum var hann h., x. 151.
pp. well disposed.
part. well disposed; var hvárt þeirra Hallfreðar öðru vel hugþokkat, Fms. ii. 88; vel er mér hugþokkat til Magnúss hins Góða, iii. 58.
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f, = hugþokki, Eg. 47, v. l.
m. mind, disposition, judgement (hefir þetta farit eptir hugþokka mínum).
a, m. mind, disposition, judgment; eptir hugþokka sínum, Eg. 47, Sks. 197; hefir þetta farit eptir hugþokka mínum, Fms. xi. 288: = hugskot, rannsaka vandliga í hugþokka þínum, Sks. 444 B; Saul mælti í hugþokka sínum, 706; meðalorpning (interjectio) sýnir hugþokka manns, Skálda 180.
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a, m. disposition, with the notion of self-will, opinionativeness; eptir h. sínum. following one’s own opinion, (mod.)
a. n., e-m er ~, one is depressed.
n. adj., e-m er h., to be depressed, Ld. 160.
f. giantess, = trollkona.
f. the name of a giantess, cp. Gr. Καλυψώ. Huldar-Saga, u, f. the story of the giantess Huld, Sturl. iii. 304.
f.
1) cover, veil (mikil þoka ok h. liggr yfir eyju þeirri);
2) hiding, secrecy; drepa huldu á e-t, to hide, conceal a matter.
u, f. hiding, secrecy; drepa huldu á e-t, Fms. xi. 106; með huldu, in secret, i. 295: cover, nokkur hulda lá ávalt yfir, Fs. 22; mikil h. ok þoka liggr yfir eyju þeirri, Fas. i. 5; þeir vóru komnir á einn lítinn skóg ok var þat lítil h., Fms. x. 239: a cover, hafa huldu fyrir andliti eðr augum, 625. 23.
II. hollowness; in the phrase, á huldu, ílla brotna bein á huldu, Ísl. Þjóðs.; brast sundr hulda í hrauninu, Pr. 411.
COMPDS: huldufólk, huldumaðr, huldarhöttr.
m. hood of disguise.
m. a hood of disguise, Fbr. (in a verse).
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n. pl. the hidden people, fairies, in the mod. Icel. lore; for the origin of this name see Ísl. Þjóðs. (begin.) i. 1, 2.
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m. a fairy, Fms. iii. 177 (in a tale of the 15th century).
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m. dogwood, = beinviði (q. v.), Sks. 90 B.
m. ‘hiding helmet’; bregða huliðshjálmi yfir e-n, to make one invisible.
m., and hulins-hjálmr, less correct, Fms. iii. 184, Fas. iii. 219:—a hidden helm (see s. v. hjálmr), Fms. ii. 141, Gullþ. 27, Fbr. 34 new Ed.
f. hiding, covering.
f. concealing, Stj. 12, 127, 315, Mar.
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m. [Goth. hulistr; A. S. heolster; Engl. holster; Dan. hylster, from hylja; cp. Germ. hülse]:—a case, sheath.
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að, prop. to hum: in the phrase, huma e-ð fram af sér, to put a thing by.
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m. [Germ. hummel; Dan. humle; Fr. houblon; Engl. hop]:—the humulus, hop-plant, Nj. 2 (v. l.), N. G. L. i. 244, Bs. i. 441, Boldt., D. N. passim: humla, u, f. a nickname, Sturl. i. 18; vall-humall, the wild hop.
COMPDS: humlagarðr, humlaketill, humlamungát, humlastæði, humlastöng, humlatekja.
(gen. -s, pl. humrar), m. lobster; humra fjöll, waves (poet.).
m. [Dan. and Germ. hummer; Fr. homard], a lobster, Edda (Gl.), Lex. Poët. humar-kló, f. a lobster claw, Mag.
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m. a hop garden, Boldt. 41.
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m. a hop boiler, D. N.
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n. hop beer, D. N.
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n. a place grown with hops, D. N.
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f. a hop pole, Boldt.
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u, f. hop-picking, Boldt. 53.
f. = hámót.
see húm.
n. honey.
n. [A. S. hunig; Engl. honey; Germ. honig; Dan. honing; Ulf. renders μέλι by miliþ]:—honey, Gþl. 491, Bs. i. 103, 433, Eg. 69, 79, 469, Fms. vii. 173, viii. 258, Stj. 309, 411.
COMPDS: hunangbakaðr, hunangsdögg, hunangsfall, hunangsfljótandi, hunangsilmr, hunangslækr, hunangsseimr, hunangsætr.
f. honey dew.
f. honey dew, Pr. 401.
n. honey dew.
n. honey dew, Edda 12.
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part. flowing with honey, Stj. 642, Eluc.
m. smell of honey.
m. a smell of honey, Landn. 140.
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m. a stream of honey, Fas. iii. 669.
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m. [Germ. honig-seim = virgin honey], a honeycomb, Stj. 210, N. T.
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part. baked honey, Stj. 193.
a. honeyed.
adj. honeyed, Sks. 630, Bs. i. passim, ii. 131, Mar.
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adj. sweet as honey. ☞ In olden times and throughout the Middle Ages, honey was one of the chief exports from England to Scandinavia (Norway and Iceland), see the passages above; as sugar was then unknown, the export of honey far exceeded that of the present day.
(-s, -ar), m. dog, hound; vera ór hunda hljóði or hljóðum, to have made one’s escape.
m. [Ulf. hunds; A. S., O. H. G., Germ., Dan., and Swed. hund; Engl. hound; Lat. canis; Gr. κύων]:—a dog, Hm. 82, Gm. 44, Orkn. 150, Grág. ii. 119, Fms. ii. 224, iv. 314, Nj. 74, Stj. 464, passim; the shepherd’s dog, watch dog, and deer hound were best known;—smala-h. and fjár-h., a shepherd’s dog; dýr-h., a fox hound; búr-h., varð-h., a watch dog; grey-h., a greyhound; spor-h., a slot hound, Orkn. 150, Ó. H.; mjó-h., Dan. mynde, a spaniel; [skikkju-rakki, a lap dog, Orkn. 114;] dverg-h., q. v.; hunda-gá, gnauð, gelt, gnöll, barking, howling, 656 A. ii. 12, Fas. i. 213; vera ór hunda hljóði, to be out of the dog’s bark, have made one’s escape, Orkn. 212, Gísl. 7, cp. hljóð B. 2; hunds hauss, höfuð, a dog’s head (also as an epithet of abuse), Stj. 68, 498, Rb. 346; hunds eyru, dog’s ears, in a book; hunds kjaptr, trýni, löpp, rófa, hár, a dog’s mouth, snout, foot, tail, hair; hunda sveinn, a dog-keeper, Lv. 100: phrases and sayings, það er lítið sem hunds tungan finnr ekki; opt hefir ólmr hundr rifið skinn; as also hlaupa á hunda-vaði yfir e-t, to slur a thing over, scamp work; …
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(pl. hundruð), n. hundred; tírœtt h. = 100; tólfrœtt h. = 120; hundruðum, by (in) hundreds; as value, one hundred and twenty ells of the stuff wadmal; h. frítt, a hundred paid in cattle; tólf hundruð mórend, twelve hundred in dark-striped wadmal; ~ silfrs, ? the silver value of 120 ells (= 20 ounces).
n. pl. hundruð; the form hund- (q. v.) only occurs in a few old compd words: [Goth. hunda, pl.; A. S. hund; O. H. G. hunt; the extended form in Hel. and old Frank, hundered; Germ. hundert; Dan. hundrede; Swed. hundra; the inflexive syllable is prob. akin to -ræðr in átt-ræðr]:—a hundred; the Scandinavians of the heathen time (and perhaps also all Teutonic people) seem to have known only a duo-decimal hundred (= 12 × 10 or 120); at that time 100 was expressed by tíu-tíu, cp. Ulf. taihun-taihund = ten-teen; Pal Vídalín says,—hundrað tólfrætt er sannlega frá heiðni til vor komið, en hið tíræða er líkast að Norðrlönd hafi ekki vitað af fyrr en Kristni kom hér og með henni lærdómr þeirrar aldar, Skýr. s. v. Hundrað (fine): but with the introduction of Christianity came in the decimal hundred, the two being distinguished by adjectives,—tólfrætt hundrað = 120, and tírætt hundrað = 100. But still the old popular duodecimal system continued in almost all matters concerned with economical or civil life, in all law phrases, in trade, exchange, property, value, or the like, and the decimal only in ecclesiastical or scholastic matters (chronology, e. …
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adj. an ordinal number, the hundredth.
m. centurion.
a, m. a centurion, Stj. 630, N. T., Fms. i. 142, Post. 656 B. 2, Róm. 260. hundraðs-blót, n. a hecatomb, (mod.)
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að, to ‘hundredfold,’ Stj. 545.
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adv. hundredfold, Barl. 200: -ligr, adj., 19.
a. hundredfold.
adj. hundredfold, Stj. 94, Bs. ii. 157, Matth. xiii. 8.
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adj. currish, Barl. 160.
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m. a hunter, (Engl. word,) Thom. 16.
in compds., very, extremely.
[Goth. hund only found in pl. hunda], a form of hundrað, only used in poët. compds, many, very, like Lat. multi-, Germ. tausend: hund-forn, adj. very old, Þd. 14; in mod. conversation hund-gamall and hund-margr, adj. hundred-fold, innumerable, Hkv. 1. 21; h. víkingr, Sighvat (Ó. H. 190); h. herr, Hallfred, Fms. xi. 208 (in a verse), Sighvat (Hkr. iii. 3), Hm. 17; hunnmörg hof, Vþm. 38. hund-villr, adj. utterly lost, quite astray, Eb. (in a verse): esp. of sailors, fóru þeir þá hundvillir, Nj. 267. hund-víss, adj. very wise, esp. used of giants and partly as a term of abuse; hundvíss jötunn, Hým. 5, Hkv. Hjörv. 25, Fas. iii. 15; hann var jötunn h. ok íllr viðreignar, Edda; at jötnar hundvísir skulu þar drekka, 57. The similarity of hundr, a dog, seems here to have given a bad sense to the word (= dog-wise, cunning), which etymologically it did not deserve.
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m. a dog-fish.
f. barking.
f. barking, Lv. 60, 655 xxxii. 9.
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adj. dog-like, Clem. 55, 656 C. 29.
f. bitch.
f. a ‘she-tyke,’ bitch, Fs. 71, Fas. iii. 231.
(gen. -rs), m. and n. hunger.
m., but in mod. usage neut., as in Bs. ii. 135; [Ulf. huhrus = λιμός; A. S., Engl., Dan., Swed., and Germ. hunger; O. H. G. hungar]:—hunger; hungr várn, Greg. 58; mikinn hungr, Sól. 50; fyrir hungrs sakir, Gþl. 531; seðja fenginn hungr, Al. 83; svelta hungri heill, to starve, Ls. 63; þungan hungr, Gd. 49; sinn sára hungr, Fas. ii. 222; svelta hungri heill, to starve, Ls. 62.
(að), v. impers., e-n ~r, one hungers.
að, [Ulf. huggrjan], to be a-hungred, to hunger, impers., þá hungraði hann (acc.), Stj. 144, Greg. 30; oss hungrar, 28; hungrandi = hungraðr, Sks. 632.
a. hungry.
adj. hungry, Stj. 145, 152, Sks. 632, Hom. 18, Bs. i. 46, Str. 45.
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f. = hungr, Bs. ii. 135.
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adj., verða h., to die of hunger.
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u, f. the hunger-waker: the name of an old historical work, from its exciting hunger (thirst) for more knowledge, Bs. i. 59.
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m. [Ulf. hups = rib; A. S. hype; O. H. G. huf; Engl. hip; Germ. hüfte]:—a hip, Vígl. 21, passim: the loins of a carcase, as in the ditty, þegar eg rís aptr upp ei mun kjöt að fá, fáið þér mér heitan hupp, hólpinn verð eg þá, Jón Þorl.
(pl. -ir), f. door;
~ er aptr, the door is shut;
drepa á ~, to knock at the door.
f. [Goth. haurds = θύρα; A. S. hyrdel; Engl. hurdle; O. H. G. hurt]:—a door, = Lat. janua; drepa, berja á hurð, Th. 3, Ísl. ii. 31, Hom. 96, Vm. 34, Jm. 8, Stj. 402; reka aptr hurð, Ísl. ii. 158, Korm. 10, Eg. 749; úti-hurð, stofu-hurð, búr-hurð, eldhús-hurð, N. G. L. i. 38; hurð er aptr, shut, Ísl. ii. 31, passim: a hurdle, Grág. ii. 328: a lid, Eg. 234.
II. metaph. phrases, eigi fellr honum þá hurð á hæla ef ek fylgi honum, the door shuts not on his heels if I follow him, i. e. I go in with him, he is not alone, Fas. i. 204; ef hér hafa hurðir verit loknar eptir þessum manni, if he has been taken in-doors, Ld. 42; hurð hnigin, a shut door, for this phrase see hníga; at seilask um hurð til lokunnar, to stretch oneself across the door to the latch, to try to reach farther than one can, Grett. 67 new Ed.
COMPDS: hurðanaust, hurðaráss, hurðarbak, hurðarbora, hurðarflaki, hurðarhringr, hurðarhæll, hurðarjárn, hurðarklofi, hurðarlauss, hurðarloka, hurðaroki.
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m. a ‘door-beam;’ hurðás or hurðásar were the roof-rafters nearest the door, where things (weapons, fish, meat) were hung up, almost answering to the rót or dyra-lopt in mod. Icel. dwellings, cp. Eg. 182, 183, Bs. i. 209, N. G. L. i. 349, 397: the phrase, reisa sér hurðarás um öxl, to carry the door-beam on one’s shoulder, to undertake a thing one is not equal to.
n. the back of a door;
at ~i, behind the door.
n. the back of a door; ab hurðar-baki, behind the door, Stj. 118, Fms. vi. 188, Ísl. ii. 45, Fas. ii. 115, Barl. 70.
f. small hole in a door.
u, f. a key-hole, Grett. 137 A.
m. hurdle.
a, m. a hurdle, Grett. 114 A.
m. door-ring.
m. a door-ring, Ísl. ii. 158, Pm. 113, El. 26.
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m. = hurðás, N. G. L. i. 349, v. l.
n. door-hinge.
n. a door-hinge, Am. 16, Þiðr. 364, Rétt. 2, 10, Fms. ii. 163.
m. door-groove.
a, m. a door-groove, = gátt, q. v., Eb. 226.
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adj. ‘doorless,’ without a door, Pm. 14, 66.
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u, f. a door-bolt, MS. 4. 29.
a cross-plank joining the boards of a door (þá boraði A. hurðarokann).
a, m. a cross-plank joining the boards of the door, Eb. 182.
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n. a shed of hurdles, Háv. 26 new Ed.
m. ‘door-beam’.
m. = hurðar-áss.
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m. [cp. Engl. hurry], a hurley-burley, noise, Thom. (Ed.) 96, 97, 103.
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or hoson, interj. of dislike, cp. Engl. hiss! Dan. hysse! o hoson yðr er hlæið! þvíat ér monoð sýta ok gráta, Hom. (St.); hussun þér gömlum! Karl. 532.
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interj., to express shivering from cold, Orkn. 326.
(pl. -ir), f. hide (of cattle).
f. (húðna, acc. with the article, Edda i. 370); [A. S. hûð; Engl. hide; O. H. G. hût; Germ. haut; Dan.-Swed. hud; Lat. cutis]:—a hide, of cattle; húð af nauti (neat), en skinn at sauði (sheep), N. G. L. i. 420; nauts-húð, but sauð-skinn; hörund, of a man; há (q. v.), of a horse; skrápr, of a shark; roð, of a fish; hvelja, of a whale, cyclopterus, etc., Eg. 69, Nj. 201, K. Þ. K. 38, Grág. ii. 403, Sturl. ii. 50, Dipl. v. 18; of a seal’s skin, Sks. 168, 179; húða-vara, Eg. 69; húða-fang, a supply of hides, N. G. L. i. 101.
II. metaph. as a law term, of flogging or ‘hiding’ (as the phrase still is in vulgar Engl.); fyrirgöra húð sinni, to forfeit one’s hide; leysa húð sína, to redeem one’s skin from flogging, N. G. L. ii. 133, 168; berja húð af e-m, to flog, i. 10, 85.
COMPDS: húðarlausn, húðfat, húðfatsbeðr, húðfatsfélagi, húðkeipr, húðlát, húðsekkr, húðskór, húðstroka, húðstrokinn, húðstrýking, húðstrýkja.
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f. saving one’s hide, N. G. L. i. 349.
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m. a hammock bed, D. N. iv. 475.
m. hammock mate.
a, m. a hammock mate, Fms. ix. 321.
n. a kind of hammock.
n., naut. a ‘hide-vat,’ i. e. a hammock, Sturl. ii. 50, Fms. vi. 168, 244, vii. 166, viii. 316, Fb. i. 539, Boll. 344, Fs. 64, Finnb. 232, Gþl. 94, Orkn. 274: the hammocks were leather bags, and sailors used to bring them ashore and keep them in the harbour-booths (see búð).
m. canoe of skin, kayak.
m. a canoe of skin, such as is used by the Esquimaux and savages of Vínland (America), Þorf. Karl. passim, Fs. 145, Fb. i. 541.
n. loss of one’s hide, flogging.
n. loss of one’s hide, i. e. a flogging, Grett. 161, Bs. i. 792.
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n. a hide-bag, Jb.
m. a shoe of raw hide.
m. a shoe of a raw hide, Hbl. 35.
f. flogging.
u, f. a ‘hiding,’ flogging, Grett. 135, Thom. 331, Mar.
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part. flogged.
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f. flogging, Pass.
(-ta, -tr), v. to flog.
t, to flog, flagellare, Clar., Bær. 20, N. T.
f.
1) cap, bonnet;
2) vault, ceiling of a church (hann lét penta húfuna).
u, f., proncd. húa, [Scot. how; O. H. G. hûba; Germ. haube; Dan. hue]:—a hood, cap, bonnet; húfa hlaðbúin, Fms. vii. 225; höttr né húfa, Sks. 290; bar kona vatn í húfu sinni, Bs. i. 461, Gísl. 24, Bs. ii. 21, Dipl. v. 18 (belonging to a priest’s dress), passim; stál-húfa, a steel hood; skott-húfa, a tasseled cap; koll-húfa, a cowl or skull-cap; nátt-húfa, a night cap.
2. the name of a cow with a white head; heimsk er hún Húfa, Stef. Ól., Kveld. ii. 197; Skinn-húfa, a nickname. húfu-lauss, adj. hoodless, bare-headed.
II. (= húfr), part of a church, in the old timber churches, Ísl. ii. 402 (of a temple); hann lét færa innar háaltarit í húfuna, Bs. i. 830, 890, D. N. v. 586. húfu-viðr, m. timber for the húfa, Bs. i. 144.
(-s, -ar), m. hulk or hull of a ship (undir húfinn á skipi).
m., an older form hófr, Fms. i. 176 (in a verse), as also in hófregin (q. v.), and in the phrase, eiga mikið í hófi (below):—the hulk or hull of a ship; hann þrífr upp fork ok rekr út í húfinn á skipi þeirra, hann færði forkinn í þann húf skipsins er seglit hafði ofan farit ok seglit hallaðisk áðr, Fær. 165; upp í naustið ok settu undir húfinn á skipi Orms, Ísl. ii. 81; kjöl eða stafna, húf eða hálsa, N. G. L. i. 100, freq. in Lex. Poët.; skeiðar-húfr, a ship’s hull, Arnór; stíga fyrir húf, to go overboard, Jd.; hafskips húfar, Fms. vi. (in a verse); héldir húfar, the frosted ships, Jd.; skörum hveldr húfr, Arnór; svelldr húfr; breið-húfaðr, broad-hulled.
COMPDS: húflangr, hófregin.
II. metaph. phrases, vera heill á hófi, to be ‘hale in hull,’ i. e. to be safe and sound; eiga mikit í hófi (húfi), to own much in a ship, to have much at stake, metaph. of a merchant.
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adj. long-hulled, of a ship, Lex. Poët.
(-ta, -t), v. to squat.
t, to sit on one’s hams, Sturl. ii. 220, Mag. 64, Art.; see hokra.
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m. a nickname, Fb. iii.
n. twilight, dusk.
n., poët. the sea, from its dusky colour; salt húm, the salt sea, Lex. Poët., Edda (Gl.), also in poët. compds.
II. in prose, twilight, dusk; um kveldit í húmi, Fb. iii. 333; en húm var á mikit, Fas. ii. 284, Grett. (in a verse); í húminu, in the dusk of evening, Gísl. 138, Thom. 308: of the grey dusk in the morning, Fms. vi. 284; hence comes prob. the mod. phrase, að koma, fara í humótt (hámóti) á eptir, to lag behind, sneak behind another. humóttu-legr, adj. sneaking and ashamed.
(að), v. to grow dusk (var nú mjök húmat).
að, to grow dusk; var nú mjök húmat, Fas. iii. 223, 545; meðan lífs ei húmar húm, a ditty; see hýma.
m. pl. the Huns.
m. pl. (but also Hýnir), the Huns, and Húna-land, Hún-mörk, f. the land of the Huns; Húnlenzkr and Húnskr, adj. Hunnish: the words occur in several of the old poems, esp. Kormak, Akv., Hðm., Og., Gkv. 1, Hornklofi, but only in mythical songs or tales, Fas. passim; the word is derived from the Tartar Huns.
COMPDS: Húnaherr, Húnakappi.
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m. a host of Huns, Hervar. S.
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a, m. the champion of the Huns, the nickname of the mythical hero Hildebrand, Fas. ii.
I)
(-s, -ar), m. the knob at the top of the mast-head; draga segl við hún (í hún upp), vinda upp segl við húna, to hoist a sail to the top.
II)
(-s, -ar), m.
1) bear’s cub;
2) urchin, boy (poet.).
1. m. [Gr. κωνος], a knob: naut. the knob at the top of the mast-head; draga segl við hún, or í hún upp, or vinda upp segl við húna, to hoist a sail to the top, Ó. H. 17, Tríst. 8, Fas. iii. 410.
COMPDS: húnbora, húndreginn, húnkastali, húnspænir.
2. the knob at a staff’s end; stafs-húnn, the knob on a door handle etc.: a slice, skera svá breiðan hún til beins er bast er langt, of a whale’s blubber, N. G. L. i. 59.
3. a piece in a game, prob. from its cone-like shape: from the phrase, verpa húnum, to cast (throw) the piece ‘hún,’ it seems to follow that this game was either similar to the Gr. δίσκος or rather to the mod. nine pins; þeirs í Haralds túni húnum verpa, Hornklofi, Fagrsk. 5 (in a verse); in Rm. 32 the ‘hundum verpa’ is no doubt a false reading for ‘húnum verpa;’ the riddle in Hervar. S., (where the answer is, þat er húninn í hnettafli,) is obscure and corrupt in the text, for the hnettafl or hneftafl (q. v.) was quite a different game.
2. m. a young bear, Kormak, Fas. i. 367, Fb. i. 253, Nj. 35, Landn. 176, Fs. 26, Stj. 530, passim; …
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a, m. a kind of bow, Sks. 408: a pr. name, Landn.
f. the hole in the mast-head through which the halyard went; vinda segl við húnboru, to hoist the sail.
u, f. the hole in the mast-head through which the halyard went; vinda segl við húnboru, to hoist the sail, Fær. 203.
pp. hoisted to the top.
part. hoisted to the top, Sks. 394.
m. the crow’s nest at the mast-head (á knörrunum vóru húnkastalar).
a, m. the crow’s nest or ‘castle’ at the mast-head, Sks. 393, Fms. vii. 256, 262.
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m. pl. ornaments at the mast-head, Edda (Gl.)
n. house (leita nú um hvert h. á þeim bœ);
pl. the group of buildings on a farm, = bœr;
taka hús (pl.) á e-m, to take a person by surprise in his house;
at húsa baki, at the back of the houses.
n. [Ulf. renders οἰκία by gards and razn, and δωμα by hrôt, whereas hûs only occurs once in the compd gudhus = ἱερόν, John xviii. 20; in all other Teut. languages, old and new, hûs is the general word; A. S., O. H. G., Dan., and Swed. hûs; Engl. house; Germ. haus; Dutch huys]:—a house; hús eru þrjú í hvers manns híbýlum, … eitt er stofa, annat eldhús, þriðja búr, Grág. i. 459; leita nú um hvert hús á þeim bæ, 215, x. 270; þeir fara til bæjarins ok hlaupa þar inn í hús, Eg. 385; í næsta húsi, Ld. 318; af hverju húsi, from every house, Fms. x. 226; eitthvert mikit hús, Sks. 62; eitt fagrt hús, Fb. i. 467; at húsinu, nær dyrrum hússins, id.; bæn-hús, a prayer-house, chapel; söng-hús, a choir; eld-hús, fjós (fé-hús), hest-hús (qq. v.)
2. a house, family, rare in old writers; sonr húss, the son of the house, Rm. 11: freq. in eccl. writers, í húsi Heber, 625. 11; af annars-háttar ættum ok húsi, Stj. 246: freq. in the N. T., af húsi Davíðs, Luke ii. 4: a religious house, monastic order; af Prédikara húsi, from the house of the Preaching Friars, the Dominican order, Bs. …
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(að), v. to build houses, furnish with houses (Uni ~ði þar).
að, ‘to house,’ build houses; húsa konungs garð, Ó. H. 43; húsa land, Grág. ii. 211; þann hluta landsins er ekki var húsaðr, Glúm. 335; Uni húsaði þar, Landn. 246; húsa ok göra kirkju, Fms. vii. 110; húsa upp, to repair, Fas. ii. 342.
2. to shelter (= hýsa), N. G. L. i. 322.
3. [húsi], to case, B. K. 34, of laths.
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f. house-building, Sd. 180: a casing, B. K. 17 (twice).
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adj. faithful to one’s master.
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adj. without a master.
m. case (skæra-húsi, scissor case).
a, m. a case, Gullþ. 22; skæris-húsi, a scissors-case, id.
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f. name of a poem, Ó. H. 208.
n. body of house-carles.
n., and húskarla-sveit, f. a body of house-carles, Hkr. ii. 294, Fms. vi. (in a verse), Ó. H. 67.
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adj., húski-skapr, m.
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a, m. a niggard.
n. housel.
n. [Ulf. hunsl = θυσία and λατρεία, John xvi. 2; A. S. húsl; E. Engl. housel; Swed. husl]:—the housel, Corpus Domini, a word only used during the Roman Catholic times, never in heathen rites, although the word is Teutonic; at the Reformation it was disused, Hom. 34, 157; taka húsl, N. G. L. i. 144, Karl. 27, passim.
COMPDS: húslker, húslþungr, húsltaka.
(að), v. to housel, administer the Eucharist to one (var ~ðr ok dó síðan).
að, to housel, to give the Corpus Domini to a sick person; oleaði hann Ásgrím ok húslaði, Bs. i. 746; hann var húslaðr ok dó síðan, Sturl. ii. 7; húslaðr ok oleaðr, 150, Bs. ii. 70; láta húsla sik, N. G. L. i. 390;—only used of the Roman Catholic service.
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f. the Holy Communion, Hom. (St.) 68.
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n. a housel box, Vm., Pm.
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and húsl-tekja, u, f. taking the housel, the communion, N. G. L. i. 144, Hom. (St.) 15.
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m. a housel bag, Vm.129.
n. back of the houses.
n. = húsabak, Hðm. 32, Nj. 28, Sturl. i. 63.
m. master of the house.
a, m., pl. húsbændr; in mod. usage the æ is kept throughout the plural, but not so in old writers; húsbóndi is prop. a participle contracted from húsbóandi or húsbúandi; [see bóndi, p. 74, and búa, of which the older form is bóa, Dan. boe, p. 86; Engl. husband; Swed. husbonde]
I. prop. a house-master, master, the Scot. good man (= Swed. husbonde); sínum húsbóanda, Hom. 121; þann klæðnað er húsbóndi átti, Grág. i. 460; ek hefi áðr verit missáttr við húsbónda minn, Ld. 278, Fb. ii. 385, Nj. 97; hann var með þeim húsbónda lengi, he served that master long, Fms. i. 78: a household word in Icel., where the plural húsbændr is used collect. even of master and mistress = Germ. herrschaft, and is opp. to hjú, servants; biddu húsbændrna; húsbondi góðr! is an address of servants to the house-master. In Norway the húsbóndi as the landlord was opp. to the húsmaðr or garðsmaðr or cottager, N. G. L. ii. 207, D. N. v. 54: a host, Fms. vii. 30.
II. a husband, answering to húsfreya II; ef húsbóndi hennar er í brottu, Jd. 372; minn húsbóndi, Stj. …
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f. house repairs, Am. 110.
f. house-burning, arson.
u, f. house-burning, arson, Grett. 103 new Ed.
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n. a law term, house-breaking, burglary, N. G. L. i. 38, Gþl. 345, H. E. i. 496: in pl. ruins, Ann. 1390.
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a, m. house-burning, Bs. i. 78, Rb. 572.
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f. a house front.
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and hús-búningr, m. house furniture, esp. hangings, tapestry, Js. 78, Fms. vii. 148, Ó. H. 175, Eg. 94, Sturl. ii. 35, Fbr. 138, Vm. 65.
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u, f. name of an old poem describing the mythical representation on the wall of an old hall, Ld. 114, Edda.
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m. the master of a house, 656 C. 16.
f. pl. house doors.
n. pl. house doors, Sturl. ii. 222.
m. house end, gable.
a, m. a house end, gable, Orkn. 450.
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m. the house father, master, Matth. xiii. 27, 52, xxi. 33.
a. domiciled.
adj. ‘house-fast,’ domiciled, Grág. i. 207, ii. 409, N. G. L. ii. 258, Fms. vi. 13.
f.
u, f., and by way of popular pronunciation huspreyja, Bs. i. 535, Glúm. 349, N. G. L. ii. 6; or húsfrú (Swed. husfru), indecl. in sing., freq. in Stj. 123, Orkn. 326, Fms. vi. 166, xi. 437: whence by corrupt pronunciation hústrú (Dan. hustru), which form is freq. in late MS. deeds, Dipl. iv. r, 3, v. 15, Vm. 31, 52, Bs. i. 117, 119:—a house-wife, lady, mistress; bóndi ok húsfreyja, Bs. i. 535, Grág. i. 157; Unnr húsfreyja, Orkn. 210; Gyða h., Eg. 478; ein rík húsfrú, a great lady, Fms. vi. 166; húsfrú Geirdís, h. Salgerðr, Dipl. iv. 3, Vm. 52; see frú, p. 175, and the references there given.
II. a wife, answering to húsbóndi II; sér ok húsfreyju sinni (his wife), Ísl. ii. 201, Stj. 123, Dipl. iv. 1; Sölmundr ok hústrú hans, Vm. 31, Dipl. v. 15; leitandi hvar húsfrú muni sofa, where his wife would be sleeping, Fms. xi. 437.
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m. a houseful, of guests at an inn.
m. house-gable.
m. a house gable, Ísl. ii. 20, Þórst. Síðu H. 15.
f. ‘house-walking’, visits.
u, f. ‘house-walking,’ visits, Fs. 32, Glúm. 372, Bjarn. 61.
m. begging from house to house (fara á húsgang).
m. a begging from house to house, Grág. i. 301; fara á hus-gang, Háv. 54, passim: a beggar = húsgangs-maðr, m., Grág. i. 163.
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f. a lodging, Greg. 50.
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f. a house frame.
m. = húsbóndi.
a, m. the master of a house, the good man, Rm. 25, Gkv. i. 10.
a. making many visits.
adj. making many visits, Grett. 96.
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f. house-making, Js. 92, Fms. ii. 230, Jb. 211, Odd. 18, Stj.
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m. a kind of spider, = dordingull, Ísl. Þjóðs. ii. 548.
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m. lord of the house, Mar., Art., Pr. 416, Mag. 150.
m.
1) house-carle, manservant;
2) pl. the king’s men, his body-guard.
m. a house-carle, man-servant, opp. to húsbóndi, a master; Halli var huskarl undir Felli, Sturl. i. 55; hanu kvaddi húskarla sína með sér, Nj. 18; var skipat verkum með húskörlum, Ld. 58, Grág. i. 435, 456, Gísl. 21, Eg. 4, 52, 565, Bs. i. 645, passim; but in mod. usage vinnumaðr.
II. the king’s men, his body-guard, Sks. 249 B; allir þeir menn er handgengnir eru konungi þá eru húskarlar hans, þeir konungs-menn … þá hafa þeir auknafn með húskarla-nafni at þeir heita hirðmenn, 272; enn eru þeir húskarlar konungs er heita gestir, 249, 257, 259, 261; görðusk sumir hirðmenn hans en sumir gestir, sumir húskarlar, Fms. viii. 24.
COMPDS: húskarlahvöt, húskarlalið.
f. housewife, lady of the house.
u, f. a housewife, lady of the bouse, Rm. 25.
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u, f. ‘house-farewell;’ at Icel. funerals of persons of note, a brief sermon is delivered at the home of the deceased when the body is removed from the house (see hefja A. 3); this sermon is called húskveðja, and a brief account is therein given of the life, character, family, pedigree, etc. of the deceased; when the ‘house-farewell’ is ended, the body is carried out of the house, the last verses of the 25th Passion hymn (En með því út var leiddr), and the following verses on John xix. 5, being sung; after which the coffin is carried to the church, which is sometimes a long way off. See a description of the funeral of an Icel. lady in Þjóðólfr, 17th Aug. 1869, p. 166.
f. hovel.
u, f. a cottage, hovel, Fms. v. 95.
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adj. ‘house-long,’ nickname of a man who built a long hall, Landn. (App.) 324.
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adj. homeless, D. N.
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m. a house-reading, home-service, family prayers, at which hymns are sung and a sermon or lesson read; such services are held in Icel. on Sundays all the year round, in the middle of the day, for the people who cannot get to church; the húslestr consists of the Gospel for the day and a printed sermon (Vídalíns Postilla), a short prayer, the Lord’s Prayer, and a hymn before and after. During the winter an evening service is held every week day (from November to April), which consists of a brief sermon (hugvekja), a prayer, the Lord’s Prayer, and a hymn: hence hús-lestrar-bók, f. a house-reading-book, a postil or the like; húslestrar-fær, adj. able to read a huslestr, of one who has learnt to read well; vera við húslestr, to attend a h. During Lent the Passíu-Sálmar are by popular consent appointed for the húslestr. This old and pious custom is entirely spontaneous, and not ordered by any church authority.
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n. being homeless.
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f. a ‘house-mother,’ housewife, mistress; servants address their mistress as ‘h. góð.’
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m. a house ridge, Ísl. ii. 196.
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n. a lodging, shelter.
a. = hýbýla-prúðr.
adj. = híbýla-prúðr (q. v.), Fms. v. 191.
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n. house-room, lodging, shelter, Grág. ii. 333.
m. house wall.
m. a house wall, Eg. 187, Fms. viii. 347.
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n. the price of a house, Js. 92.
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að, to go on a húsvitjan.
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f. a ‘house-visitation,’ a circuit which the parish priest has to make every winter from farm to farm in his parish, to enquire into the religious state of his people, the education of children, and so on.
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m., Hús-víkskr, adj. a man from Húsavík, Landn.
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m. a house-ward, ‘house-keeper’ of Shaksp., Gr. οἰκουρός, i. e. the house dog, N. G. L. i. 235.
f. housethatch.
u, f. house-thatch, Hkr. iii. 61, Fbr. 24, Stj. 402.
n. council, meeting (to which a king or chief summoned his people or guardsmen).
n. [cp. Engl. hustings], a council or meeting, to which a king, earl, or captain summoned his people or guardsmen; skaut konungr á húsþingi ok segir fyrirætlan sína, Eg. 357; Ásbjörn jarl skaut þá á húsþingi, Fms. xi. 267; þá lætr Pálnatóki kveðja húsþings, 67; Sigurðr konungr … ok áttu þar húsþing; talaði Sigurðr konungr, vii. 151, Ó. H. 45, 155; Þá átti Ólafr konungr h. í garðinum ok stóð upp á stein þann inn mikla er þar stóð, Hkr. i. 252; Eysteinn konungr hafði þá h., Fms. vii. 249; keisarinn hafði h. við ráðgjafa sína ok aðra höfðingja, hann sagði svá, i. 126; þá átti Arinbjörn húsþing við lið sitt, ok sagði mönnum fyrirætlan sína, Eg. 533; hann kvaddi þá húsþings (rendering of Sallust’s ‘concionem populi advocavit’), Róm. 146.
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m. a house-breaker, Ýt. 20.
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f. ‘house-throng,’ a house-full, Jb. 264.
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pron., indecl. throughout all cases and genders [see hverr], what, which, but only as an adjective, never as a subst. pronoun, e. g. hvaða menn, hvaða konur, hvaða skip? whereas hverr (q. v.) is used as a substantive; hvaða is a mod. form from the old hvat or hvatta (q. v.), and is hardly found in old vellums, except with a dat.; hvaða snúð (dat.), Sks. 266; hvaða burði, Fms. viii. 8; whereas in mod. speech hvaða as an adj. pron. has almost displaced the old hverr, which is at present only used in the substantive sense.
adv.
1) whence; þóttist engi vita, h. veðr var á, whence (from what quarter) the wind blew, meðan ek veit eigi vist, h. G. hinn ríki stendr at, as long as I know not what side G. takes;
2) from wheresoever; h. sem, from what place or source soever; hann siglir h. sem á cr, he sails, whatever wind may blow; h. æfa, from every side (þustu þá borgarmenn h. æfa at þeim); on all sides; hann vann svá, at h. æfa vóru á honum hendrnar, he worked as if he had hands all over him.
adv. interrog. [Ulf. waþro = πόθεν; A. S. hwanon; Engl. whence; Germ. woher]:—whence, Nj. 2, 125, Fms. ix. 55: absol. of the wind, hvaðan er hann? whence (from what quarter) is the wind? the answer, sunnan, norðan; þóttisk engi vita, hvaðan veðr var á, whence the wind blew, Fms. viii. 55; h. af löndum? Ísl. ii. 222, Vþm. 22, 24, 26, Pr. 416, passim. β. spec. usage; meðan ek veit eigi víst hvaðan Guðmundr hinn ríki stendr at, mágr minn (as long as I know not what side G. takes’), því at ek aetla honum at veita, hvaðan sem hann stendr at, Nj. 214. II. indef. = undecunque, koma þeir heilir hvaðan, Hm. 157; hvaðan sem, whencesoever; hann siglir hvaðan sem á er, he sails whencesoever the wind may blow, whatever wind may blow, Fms. x. 204; blóðrás hvaðan sem renn, Pr. 473; hvaðan af sem hann hafði þann spádóm, Hkr. i. 224. III. as relative, Stj. i.
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adv. [æva answers to Engl. -ever in wherever, whenever, whatever, but in Icel. only remains in the adverb denoting the place from which]:—from whencesoever, Fms. vii. 75 (in a verse); drífa h., to throng together from every side, Hkr. i. 54; þustu þá borgarmenn h. at þeim, Fms. i. 104; þar drósk saman mikit lið ok kom h. til, viii. 411; þá gaf þeim glámskygni, sýndisk þeim sem menn færi h. at þeim, Sturl. i. 179; úvina er h. herja á oss, Stj. 398, 444:—phrases, þótti konungi sem h. væri augu á honum, of a wild, fugitive look, Fms. ii. 180; ok hvaðan-æfa augun á sem á hrakdýri, with a look as wild as a hunted deer (as if he had eyes all over him), Korm. 60; hann vann svá at h. vóru á honum hendrnar, he worked as if be had hands all over him, Grett. 101 new Ed.
(-s, -ar, and -ir), m. whale; skera hval, to flense a whale.
m., pl. hvalar, Sks. 180 B; hvala, acc. pl., K. Þ. K. 138; hvalana, Grág. ii. 387; hvala alla, 359; mod. hvalir: [A. S. hwœl; Germ. wall-fisch; Dan. hval]:—a whale, Hým. 21, Rb. 1812. 17, Grág. i. 159, ii. 337: as to the right to claim whales as jetsum, see the law in Grág. and Jb., the Reka-bálkr and the Sagas passim, e. g. Grett. ch. 14,Eb. ch. 57, Háv. ch. 3, Fbr. ch. 9:—there was always a great stir when a whale was driven ashore, flýgr fiskisaga ferr hvalsaga; í hvals líki, Fms. xi. 182, Fas. ii. 131; hvals auki, amber, old Dan. hvals-öky, Sks.; hvals hauss, a whale’s head; hvals ván, expectation of a whale being drifted ashore, Vm. 174; hvals verð, a whale’s value, Grág. ii. 373; hvala blástr, the blowing of a whale; hvala-kváma, arrival of shoals of whales, Eg. 135; hvala-kyn, a species of whale, Sks. 121; in Edda (Gl.) and in Sks. l. c. no less than twenty-five kinds of whales are enumerated and described; hvala-skúfr, whale guts, a nickname, Landn.; hvala-vetr, a winter when many whales were caught, Ann. 1375: in local names, Hvals-á, Hvals-nes, Hval-fjörðr, Hvals-eyrr, Landn. …
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m. whale amber.
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m. a whale.
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u, f. a whale beach, on which a whale has drifted and is cut up.
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f. whale blubber, Ám. 83, Rd. 251.
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m. carrying blubber, Ám. 78.
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n. = hvalfjós, Rétt. 10, II.
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-jörð, -mænir, -tún, = the abode … town of whales, Lex. Poët.
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m. the finding a (dead) whale, N. G. L.
n. pl. stores of whale (blubber).
n. pl. stores of whale (blubber), Bs. i. 549, Fbr. 41.
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f. pl. whale pits where blubber was kept, Sturl. i. 136: a local name in western Icel.
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n. pl. = hvalgögn, H. E. ii. 130.
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n. pl. gain derived from whales, Ám. III.
n. harpoon.
n. a whale-iron, harpoon, Sturl. iii. 68.
n. purchase of whale-blubber.
n. purchase of whale-blubber, Lv. 59.
m. young whale.
n. a whale-calf, young whale, Fas. iii. 546.
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u, f. = hvalfjós, Grett. (in a verse).
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u, f. a drifting of whales ashore, Sturl. i. 190, Bs. i. 665.
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m. ‘whale-litter,’ a place where whales cast their young: a local name in Icel.
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a, m. whale-maw, a nickname, Landn.
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n. ‘whale-case,’ i. e. a claim to whales as jetsum, Bs. i. 666.
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f. = hvalreki, Lv. 58.
m., stranding of whales.
a, m. a drift of whales, Grág. ii. 210, 366, Ld. 4.
m. stranding of whales.
m. whale hunting (as described by Sir Walter Scott in the Pirate), Gþl. 458, Ann. 1296, Bs. i. 801, Boldt. 143.
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n. ‘whale-right,’ as to jetsum, N. G. L. i. 59.
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m. whale hunting, Ann. 1296.
n. whale’s rib.
n. a whale’s rib, Háv. 48, Grett. 89.
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f. a nickname, Landn.
f. news of a whale.
u, f. whale news, Bs. i. 463.
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n. whale sharing, Grág. ii. 381, H. E. ii. 126.
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n. whale gills.
m. flensing (cutting up) of a whale.
m. whale carving, cutting up whales, Fbr. 41, Bs. i. 666, Am. 36.
m. whale harpooner.
a, m. a whale harpooner, Grág. ii. 377, Jb. 326.
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u, f. taking, stealing blubber, Sturl. ii. 29, Rd. 251.
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f. a tithe paid from whales, Vm. 76, B. K. 53.
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m. a whale creek, where whales are caught, Gþl. 464.
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f. a whale expected to be driven ashore, Vm. 174. In poetry the sea is called
(-s, -ar), m. grassy hollow or little vale (kaus hann sér bústað í hvammi einum).
m. [Ivar Aasen kvam]:—a grassy slope or vale; þar var byggilegr hvammr, Fs. 22; kaus hann sér bústað í hvammi einum mjök fögrum, 26; sá var einn h. í landi Geirmundar, at hann kvaðsk vilja kjósa í brott or landinu,—varð búfé hans statt í hvamminum,—hann eltir féð ór hvamminum, Sturl. i. 5; með þeim viði er í þeim hvammi er vaxinn, 6; þeir kómu at því síki er leið liggr til Kirkjubæjar ok skamt var frá þeim hvammi er þeir Ögmundr sátu í, Sturl. iii. 112: very freq. as an appellative in every Icel. farm or as a local name, Hvammr, Landn.: the best known is the seat of the Sturlungar in Broadfirth, Hvamms-dalr, Hvamms-fjörðr, Landn.; Hvamms-land, Hvamms-verjar, or Hvamms-menn, m. pl. the men from Hvam, Sturl.; Hvamm-Sturla, m. Sturla from H., the father of Snorri.
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m. [hvönn], an angelica garden, N. G. L. i. 38, 241, 253, Gþl. 347, Js. 134.
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a, m. (see jóll), a stalk of angelica, Fms. ii. 179, x. 336, 337.
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m. a young angelica, Hervar. (Hb.)
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n. a bed of angelica, Vm. 143: as a local name.
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n. [cp. Goth. hwapjan = to suffocate, extinguish], dropsical flesh, holda-hvap. hvap-ligr, adj. dropsy-like, dropsical.
adv.
1) where, in or at what place (h. vartu í nótt, eða h. er þitt heimili?); h. skulu vit á leita? where shall we search?;
2) where, to what place, whither (sé ek nú, h. sök horfir);
3) anywhere; hér framarr en h. annars staðar, here more than anywhere else;
4) in each place (urðu þrjú þing í hverjum fjórðungi ok skyldu þingnautar eiga hvar saksóknir saman); hér ok h., here and there, now here now there; víðast h., in most places, in most instances; h. sem, wherever (h. sem hann fór);
5) ever so, very; h. fjarri, ever so far, very far Off (ek ligg einn í húsi ok kerling mín, en h. fjarri öðrum mönnum); víðara h., ever so much farther (um allt Hálogaland ok þó víðara h.); h. meiri, ever more, much more (ek skal þó h. meiri stund á leggja).
adv. interrog. and indef., [Ulf. hwar = που; A. S. hwær; Old Scot. qubar; Engl. where; Germ. wo; Dan. hvor]:
I. interrog. where? direct and indirect; in endless instances indirect after the verbs vita, sjá, heyra spyrja…, hvar, to know, see, hear, ask…, Vsp. 5, 22, Hm. i, Ýt., Höfuðl. 3; kveða á, hvar koma skal, Grág. i. 46; hvar við skyldi auka, Ib. 5; þeir fundu hvar upp var rekin kista Kveldúlfs, Eg. 129 and prose passim.
β. followed by a subj., hvar viti? hvar hafi? hvar muni? Lex. Poët.
γ. with a prep.; hvar skulum vit á leita, where shall we go and seek? Nj. 3; greina hvar þetta heyrir til, whereto, Fms. ii. 260.
2. with the notion of whither; eigi vitum ver hvar hann for, N. G. L. i. 218; hvar hann skyldi stefna, Fas. iii. 543; sé ek nú hvar sök horfir, Hrafn. 11.
3. with particles; hvar fyrir? wherefore? why? Fms. iv. 47; þeir spyrja, hvar til þessi svör skulu koma, i. 3, passim; hvar kvómu feðr okkrir þess (staðar understood) at…, hvar nema alls hvergi, Ísl. ii. 236; hvar landa ertu þess faeddr, where in the world art thou born? Lat. …
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n. disappearance (h. Iðunnar); rann hann þeim þar h., he ran out of their sight.
n. [hverfa], prop. a ‘turning away,’ disappearance: of a thing being stolen, hvörf ok stuldir, Fbr.; hvarf Iðunnar, Edda 46, Ld. 206, Band. 12 new Ed.: cp. sól-hvörf, sun-turn, i. e. the solstice. βrann hann þeim þar hvarf (mod. á hvarf), he ran out of their sight, Sturl. ii. 145; hlaupit í burt með ok runnit þeim skjótt hvarf, Bs. i. 704: in mod. usage a hill on the horizon is called hvarf; á hvarf, to go to the other side of a hill so as to be out of sight: vera á hvörfum, to waver, Skv. 3. 38. 2. shelter; því ek hefi nú leitat áðr allra hvarfa, Barl. 59; ef björn er horfinn í híði, lýsi því í fjölda manna at þat er hans hvarf (lair), N. G. L. i. 46; at-hvarf, shelter; göra sér e-n at hvarfi, to call on a friend, Fms. iv. 292.
II. a local name for Cape Wrath in Scotland, Bs. i. 483; Hvarfs-gnipa, u, f. Cape Farewell in Greenland, A. A.
(að), v.
1) to be turned round; lét hann sér í hendi h. ker gullit, he rolled the gold cup round in his hand;
2) stroll about (fílamir ~ um skóginn); e-m ~r hugr, one’s mind wavers;
3) h. í milli, to stand between (in the way).
að, [Ulf. hwarbon = περιπατειν, περιάγειν], prop. to turn round; let hann sér í hendi h. her gullit, Hðm. 21, obsolete.
2. to wander, stroll about, Fms. x. 412, Eg. (in a verse), Pr. 136.
β. metaph., h. í millum, what is between, as a matter of dispute or dissent, Gþl. 364; sakir stórra hluta er hér h. milli, Nj. 177, v. 1., ok h. þar í millum, run on these numbers, i. e. between the length of ten and twenty ells, Sks. 120, Anecd. 16: e-m hvarfar hugr, one’s mind wavers, Fms. x. 270.
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f. strolling, Skv. 3. 38.
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að, = hvarfa, Eg. 766, Lv. 54, Sks. 141, Bs. ii. 62, Fs. 152: to waver, Aroni hvarflaði hugrinn, Sturl. ii. 84.
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adj. shifty, Hel. 2.
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adj. ‘swerveless,’ unswerving, Barl. 146.
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f. shelter, refuge, Clem. 44.
adv. in each (every) place, everywhere; h. er (or sem), wheresoever (h. er þú tekr land).
adv. indef. (for the particle -gi see p. 199); a clear distinction is made in the MSS. between hvargi, everywhere, and hvergi (q. v.), nowhere, (Hkr. i. 269, 278, ii. 208 in the folio Ed. are misprints):—wheresoever, with the particle er (es) or sem; hvargi sem menn verða staddir, 655 iii. 4; hvargi er hann kvángask, Grág. i. 181; hvargi er maðr drepr mann ok varðar þat skóggang, ii. 14; hvargi er menn eru staddir, 20; h. er hann tók, i. 210; h. er þú tekr land, Landn. 43, v. 1.; h. sem þeir herja, N. G. L. i. 103; h. er hann fór, Fms. xi. 40, Hkr. i. 100, 269; h. sem vér komum, Post. 645. 71; h. er þjóð heyrir, Am. 103.
2. in each, every place, without the particle; sýna mér, af hverju gefit er hvargi, what is given in each place, Nj. 76; en þá hit næsta sumar gat nær hvargi (almost everywhere) ber á Íslandi, Bs. i. 135, (the MS. has hvergi erroneously, cp. the Annals of the year 1203.)
(-s, -ar), m. eyelid.
m. the eyelid; brá eða brúna, hvarma ok ennis, Edda ii. 499, Róm. 326; hann þenr upp hvarmana, Stj. 475, 1 Sam. xxi. 13; hann let leggja lit í augu sér ok sneri um á sér hvörmunum, Fs. 98; þá skauzt hællinn af auga-steininum ok sleit af honum hvarminn, síðan tók Einarr hvarminn með hendi sinni, ok sá at auga-steinninn var þar, Hkr. iii. 365; greri ör hvítt á hvarmi hvárum-tveggja, 367; utan á hvarmana, 655 xxx. 4: in the poets the eye is called stjörnur, tungl, geisli hvarma, the stars, moon, beam of the h.: tears are hrynregn hvarma: eyelashes, skogr hvarma etc., Lex. Poët.
COMPDS: hvarmrauðr, hvarmskógr, hvarmtengr, hvarmrþeyr.
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m., poët. ‘eyelid-thaw,’ tears, Edda (in a verse).
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adj. with red eyelids, Korm.
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m. ‘eyelid-shaw,’ eyelashes, Lex. Poët.
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f. pl. ‘eyelid-tongues,’ drooping eyelids, Egil.
adv. = hvar es, wheresoever.
adv. = hvar es, wheresoever, freq. in old poetry and MSS.; see er, p. 131, and Lex. Poët.
adv. everywhere.
adv., hórvetna, Grág. ii. 282, Post. 686 B. 2, Fms. ii. 269; but usually, as also in mod. usage, though less correctly, hver-vetna, Nj. 32, Fms. vi. 16. 296, Karl. 534, and passim; [from hvar and vetna, a gen. pl. from an obsolete vetta = wight]:—everywhere; tók herr hans hvarvetna at láta undan siga, Fms. i. 174; hvarvetna milli steinanna, 230.
2. with a local gen., h. þess er, wheresoever that, Grág. i. 36, ii. 292, 342, N. G. L. i. 42, cp. 74, where the gen. is dropped; munu þér hljóta at ráða okkar í millum h. er, in every case where, Fms. ii. 269, (thus Fb. 1. c., cp. Cd.)
a.
1) sharp, keen (h. knífr, hvössøxi, ~t vápn); pointed, tapering (h. hjálmr);
2) fig., of the intellect, keen (~t næmi); of the eyes or sight (hvöss augu, hvöss sjón);
3) sharp, acute; ~t hljód, a sharp sound;
4) of wind, sharp, fresh (h. byrr, ~t veðr, andviðri).
adj., hvöss, hvasst, gen. pl. hvassa, Sdm. 20; [the Goth. form is supposed to be hwass, cp. hivassaba, Tit. i. 13, and hwassei = ἀποτομία, Rom. xi. 22; cp. hvessa, hvetja, hvatr, as well as O. H. G. hwassi, which seem to be kindred words]:—pointed, tapering; hvass hjálmr eða kuml, Sks. 167; hvasst niðr sem hæll, id.; með hvössu enni, 170; hvöss vörr, Sturl. ii. (in a verse); hvass hringr, Fms. v. 343; hvass þyrnir, sharp thorns.
2. sharp, keen, whetted, of edged tools; öngull sá enn hvassi, Niðrst. 3; hvasst vápn, Grett. 137; hvassan kníf, 91; hvasst sverð, Barl. 155; h. hjörr, Fm. 6; odd-hvass, pointed; egg-hvass, q. v.
II. metaph. of intellect, keen; hvasst næmi, Bs. i. 235; hvass í skilningi, 681; hvass í hugskoti. Hom.; hygginn ok hvass, id.
2. of the eyes or sight; hvöss augu, Sks. 170, Skáld 160, Ó. H. 109, Hkv. 2. 2; hvöss sjón, a keen sight; hvassar sjónir, piercing eyes, Sighvat; hvassir geislar, sharp beams of light, MS. 732. 17.
3. sharp, acute; hvöss hljóðs grein, a sharp sound, Skálda 175, 179; hvasst hljóð, 160, 169; …
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a. keen-eyed.
adj. keen-eyed, Stj. 270.
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adj. swift-winged, Lex. Poët.
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adj. with a sharp comb or crest, Stj. 77.
m. sharpness.
m. sharpness; h. klungra, Barl. 18, 732. 18; h. veðrsins, Fms. viii. 55, Sks. 212: of intellect, Hom.
a. sharp-looking.
adj. sharp-looking, Fas. i. 179 (in a verse).
adv. sharply.
adv. sharply, Stj. 181, Sks. 228.
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adj. sharp, Edda (in a verse).
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adj. sharp-nebbed, Sks. 418.
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adj. sharp-pointed, Ht. R.
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adj. sharp-worded, Hsm.
a. sharp-toothed.
adj. sharp-toothed, Sks. 418.
n. sharp gale, = hvasst veðr.
n. a sharp gale, Ld. 58, Sturl. iii. 56, Fms. iv. 57, passim.
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adj. sharp-pointed, Sks.
(old gen. hvess, dat. hví), neut. pron.
I. int. pron.
1) what (h. sýnist þér ráð?); h. er þér, Hjálmar? what is the matter with thee, H.?; expressing wonder, what sort of? (h. Øgmundr ertu?); with gen., h. er þat fira, flagða, drauma, fiska? what sort of men. witches, dreams, fishes? h. manna ertu? what sort of a man art thou?; with dat., hann spurði, h. mönnum þeir væri, what kind of men they were;
2) implying an answer in the negative, to what end? of what use? (h. skal rögum manni langt vápn?)
3) how, = hve, hversu; fréttir hann nú, h. liði bónorðs-málum, how the was going on;
II. indef. pron.
1) each, every; h. at öðru, ‘each with the other’, everything; þat lið, er honum fylgdi, flýr sér hvat, scattered in all directions; h. bíðr sinnar stundar, there is a time for everything;
2) = hvatki, with the relat. part. ‘er (es)’ or ‘sem’; h. sem or h. es, whatsoever;
3) with compar., ever so much; hann var til hans h. betr en til sinna barna, he was ever so much kinder to him than to his own children.
neut. pron. of an obsolete hvar; for the other kindred forms see hverr, hví, and hót.
A. Interrog. direct and indirect, what; eiga at bíða hvat ek skal á kveða, Nj. 3; vita, hvat hann skal við kveða, Hm. 28, Vþm. 55; veit ek eigi hvat til annars kemr, Band. 36 new Ed., passim.
β. = Germ. was für ein …? North. E. what for a …? for what sort of a …? expressing wonder or the like; hvat Ögmundr ertú, what sort of an O. art thou? Fas. ii. 534; hvat fé er þat? Nj. 55: indirectly, þeir vissu eigi hvat lið þat var, Hkr. i. 268.
2. with gen., hvat er manna þat mér ókunnra? Vtkv. 5; hvat er þat fíra, flagða, drauma, fiska, what sort of men, witches, dreams, fishes? Alm. 2, 5, Skv. 2. 1, Fsm. 2, Em. i; hvat mun enn verða æfi minnar? Skv. 1. 12, 14, 18; hvat manna ertú, what sort of a man art thou? Fms. ix. 55; hvat kvenna ertú? Dropl. 4; hvat karla er þat? Fms. vii. 152; hvat íþrótta er þat? Edda 31; hvat undra varð þess? 623. 35: indirect, hann spurði hvat manna Hallfreðr var, Fms. ii. 54, vii. 166; hvat sveina þat myndi vera, x. 219; hann spurði hvat væri ráðs hennar, he asked what she intended to do, i. …
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(að), v.
1) to hasten, with dat., h. för sinni, h. ferðinni, to hasten one’s journey; h. göngunni, to quicken one’s pace; h. báli, to hurry on the bonfire;
2) absol., to hasten, speed (h. til skipa, h. heim).
að, to make speed, hasten with a thing, with dat.; hvata för sinni, h. ferðinni, to hasten one’s journey, 655 iii. 3, Fms. iv. 144; hvata göngunni, to quicken one’s pace, Edda 7; h. þessu, Lv. 20; h. báli, make speed with the bale-fire, Fms. x. 379: absol. to hasten, speed, hann eggjar at menn skulu hvata, Fær. 262; hvata til skipa, Eg. 357; hvata heim, Ísl. ii. 387; h. í brott, Rd. 16: with prep., hvata at e-u, to make haste with a thing, Hkr. i. 103.
II. also spelt hvota, Band, and Thom. 1. c., cp. hóta (II): to stretch forth with, with dat.; hvata hnefa at e-m, to threaten a person with the fist, but without striking, Grág. ii. 14; hvota skálm at e-m, Band, (in a verse); hvotandi sverðinu ofan í toman hausinn, Thom. 442: in mod. usage ota.
acc. from hvatr, at a quick pace (ríða h.).
f. an urging on, pushing on, Skv. I. 50.
m. busybody.
(-bussi), m. a busybody, Fbr. 191, v. 1.; gættú hans þá, Þórarinn, at hann komizk eigi í brott, ok ertú jafnan hvatabuss mikill, Fms. iv. 266.
m. prompter.
m. an instigator, Ld. 240, Fms. xi. 263.
m. hurry, haste.
a, m. hurry, Mork. 110.
2. an inciter, Lex. Poët.
indef. pron.
1) each thing, everything for itself (munu þér þá vita til hvers h. kemr);
2) with ‘er’; h. er (es), whatsoever (heill Atla, h. es þik dreymir).
pron. indef. [see -gi, p. 199]:
1. each thing, every thing for itself; munu þér þá vita til hvers hvatki kemr, Fms. xi. 103; því at h. var þar, gnógar vistir, etc., Karl. 203; hversu hann vill h. göra, Eluc. 56; at skynja hverja jartein hvatki hefir, Hom. 139.
2. with er; hvatki er, whatsoever, Sighvat, Lex. Poët.; hvatki er yfir fjóra fætr gengr, þat skulu þér eta, Stj. 416; hvatki es missagt es í fræðum þessum, Íb. (pref.); h. es honum var í hug, Hkr. ii. 156; hvakki er lifi hans hefir lukt, Fms. x. 395; hvatki málum er lýzk hafa, N. G. L. i. 250; h. mönnum sem inni eru, 61; hvatki er þess þrýtr, er honum er á hendi, Grág. i. 94; hvatki er maðr görir, id., Am. 20.
II. hveskis, gen. of or for whatsoever, cujuscunque; hveskis er vér biðjum, Hom. (St.)
III. hvígi, dat. to whatsoever, cuicunque; skynja hvaðan af hvígi er nafn gefit, Hom. 139.
2. = hvegi, q. v.
a. active, brisk, vigorous (h. maðr, h. hugr); neut. ‘hvatt’ as adv. quickly (riða hvatt, sem hvatast).
adj., fem. hvöt, neut. hvatt, bold, active, vigorous; in the saying, engi er einna hvatastr, Hm. 63; h. maðr, Fms. vii. 160, Fm. 6. 24, 30, 31; ef engi hefði verit hvatari höfðingi í her þessum en þú, Fms. vi. 160; hvatr hugr, Fm. 26: acc. as adv., ríða hvatan, to ride at a quick pace, Ld. 260: neut. hvatt, id.; ríða hvatt, Fb. ii. 125, Sighvat; hann bað menn sína fara sem hvatast, Eg. 217.
II. male, opp. to blauðr, female, of beasts; h. köttr, freq. in mod. usage.
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n. [hvetja], a c ut or mark on a sheep’s ear, a slice cut off one side of the ear; hvatt framan, aptan hægra, vinstra; whence hvat-rifað, n. adj. a hvat with a rift: when the slice is cut on both sides of the ear so as to make it like a spear’s point, it is called fjöður, a feather.
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adv. or interj. = hvatþá, what! what then! Fms. xi. 118; hvattá! láttú góðra gjalda vert ef þú kömsk með fjörvi á braut, Mork. 139.
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adj. quick, Eg. 73.
a. quick.
adj. quick, Fms. ix. 489, v. 1.
m. alacrity, activity (~ í orrostum).
(-leiki), m. boldness, energy, alacrity, presence of mind, Sturl. iii. 42, Fms. vi. 166, Sks. 59 new Ed.; h. ok áræði, Nj. 271; vitsmunir ok h., 262.
adv. quickly (riða ~).
adv. quickly; ríða h., Nj. 192, Sd. 156; búask h., Ísl. ii. 338; fara h., Rd. 277, Th. 77.
a. quick, brisk; hvatligt lið, active troops.
adj. quick, brisk; hvatlegt lið, active troops, Fms. xi. 33; verjask et hvatligsta, 142; hvatligt verk, a manly feat, x. 391.
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adj. headlong, Lex. Poët.
n. quick action.
n. quick action, Glúm. 377.
n. precipitancy.
f. precipitancy, Karl. 393.
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adv. precipitately, Stj. 4, K. Á. 202, Fms. ii. 33.
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adj. hurried, headlong, K. Á. 202.
(gen. hvers-, dat. hví-vetna), pron. n. anything whatever; vex þér ~ í augu, everything grows big in thy eyes; var Hrafn fyrir þeim í hvívetna, H. was superior in every respect.
hvat-vitna, pron. used as subst. (hvetvetna is a false form), in old MSS. often spelt hótvitna, Hm. 47, Am. 67, 95, Skm. 28, Niðrst. 6, Fms. xi. 36, 68, 78, 122; [from hvat and vetna, q. v.]:—anything whatever; vex þér hvatvetna í augu, Nj. 53; h. íllt, Fms. vi. 283; þér látið honum h. hlýða, Eg. 71; hann kvaðsk h. mundu til vinna, Fs. 59; eigi eru búar skyldir at bera um hvatvetna, Grág. i. 167; h. var upp brotið, Fms. vi. 381; hvatvetna þar nokkvat es, Greg. 12; Guð leysir hótvetna, Niðrst. 6; fyr hótvetna fram, above all, Fms. xi. 68.
II. dat. hví-vetna, to anything whatever, cuivis; ræntu þar hvívetna. Orkn. 294; var Hrafn fyrir þeim í hvívetna, Ísl. ii. 208; hvívetna (hvívitni MS.) er illt er, Hom. 35; miklu er sjá framarr at hvívetna, Fms. vii. 148; görr í hvívitna hornungr bróður sins, i. 255; fyrir h. fram, above all, xi. 28.
III. gen. hvers-vetna, of anything whatever, cujusvis; hann kann til hversvetna ráð, Nj. 67; ok sýnir sik svá vera hversvetna Dróttinn, Greg. 4; fyrir hversvetna sakir, Fas. i. 188, Fms. xi. 104.
f. temerity.
f. temerity, Fms. vi. 8, vii. 124, xi. 98.
adv. rashly.
adv. recklessly, rashly, Fms. ii. 33, v. l.
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adj. headlong, reckless, foolhardy, Hkr. iii. 225, Fms. ii. 211, xi. 12, 75, Bjarn. 14.
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pron. = hvat es, whatsoever; see hvat (II), and er, p. 131.
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ð, to say what! (há, q. v., eh), of one not hearing; eins og ganti roðið hvert við hváði, Snót 214.
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u, f., not kváða, [Ulf. hwaþo = ἀφρός, Luke ix. 39, and hwaþjan = to froth]:—glue, lime, resin, esp. from trees, freq.
n.
1) vault;
2) concavity (of a shield).
n., mod. form hólf, [A. S. hwealf], a vault, Bs. i. 177, Sks. 633, Al. 89; gufu-hvolf, or dampa-h., ‘steam-vault,’ the atmosphere, (mod.): of the concavity of a shield, Boll. 340; vera á hválfi, keel uppermost, of a boat or vessel; see hólf.
(-da, -t), v. = hólfa.
d, in old writers spelt hólfa or hölfa; but hvolfa is the mod. form:—to turn vpside down, keel uppermost; sjá at þar hólfir skip á sjónum, Fb. ii. 223, as also Hb. l. c., Fbr. 103 new Ed.; þar hvolfði skip, Njarð. 376 (paper MS.); hóf upp knörr ok sneri á lopti ok kom hólfandi niðr, Bs. i. 30; ok hugðu nú mundu fullkomlega yfir hólfa, it would be overwhelmed, 769.
(-s, -ar), m. hill, hillock, knoll (dalr var í hválinum).
m., mod. hvoll, [akin to Gr. κύκλος; also akin to hvel, hválf, prop. denoting what is convex, cp. Germ. hägel]:—a hill; not much used, hóll (q. v.) being the common word; but it is still used of a ‘dome-shaped’ hill; and in local names of farms lying under such hills, as Hváll in Saurbær in the west, Berg-þórs-hváll and Stórólfs-hváll in the south, Beigaðar-hváll in the north, Landn.; Kálfs-hváll in the east, Dropl.; Orrostu-hváll, Eg.: Hváls-maðr, m. a man from H., Sturl.; þeir stefna upp á hválinn, Nj. 69; dalr var í hválinum ok riðu þeir þangat, 197; vér vildum á hválinn ok kómumk ekki, Dropl. 22; hvála eðr hálsa, Róm. 315.
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(hvoma), að, to swallow, devour.
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(hvomr), m. a glutton.
(-s, -ar), m. mouth, chops.
m., mod. hvoptr, the cheek, Lat. bucca; kemr á kinnina ok í hváptinn, Ísl. ii. 399; mér renna hróðrmál um hvápta, Húsd.; úrakaða hváptana, Orkn. 288, Fb. i. 395: the mouth, gape, Lat. rictus, of a beast, 416, 417, 530, Sks. 52, 53 new Ed.: the phrase, gott er at hafa tvá hváptana ok sitt með hverjum mæla, Fas. ii. 429, Þorst. S. St. 51; cp. kjaptr or kjöptr.
a. neuter (hvárginligt kyn).
adj. neuter, Skálda 185.
indef. pron. neither, = hvárgi.
m., mod. hvorugr, either, each; see hvárrgi.
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see hvárrgi.
pron.
1) which (of the two) in pl. of two parties, hvárir sigrast, which of both (hosts) will gain the day;
2) each (of the two); h. við annan, each to the other; sinn veg h., each his own way;
3) at hváru, yet, nevertheless, however.
pron. interrog. and indef., contr. from hvaðarr, which is obsolete, but occurs thrice in poets of the 10th century, Kormak, Fas. i. 297 (in a verse), Hkr. i. 205 (in a verse): mod. form hvorr, still so proncd. in the south of Icel.: [Goth. hwaþar; A. S. hwæðer, cp. Engl. whether; Hel. hweðar, cp. Germ. weder]:
I. interrog. direct and indirect, whether, which of two, Lat. uter, in a dual sense, distinguished from hverr in plur.: in plur., like Lat. utri, of two parties, hvárir sigrask, either, which of both (hosts) will gain the day, Nj. 198, Fms. x. 199; hvárir ná máli annarra, Nj. 8: in sing., hvárr þeirra, each of them, both, Grág. i. 120: with a possess. pron., hvárr okkar, Nj. 202: hvárr—annarr, one—another, either … the other; hvárr sem (either) annars frændkonu á, Grág. i. 29; hvárr við annan, Fms. ii. 366; hvárr okkarr við annan, one to another, Fær. 174; annarr hvarr (q. v.), either.
II. indef., each of two; hvárir við aðra, Fms. x. 299, Grág. i. 70; hvarir til annarra, Eg. 126; selja grið hvárir öðrum, Grág. …
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pron. = hvárgi.
or hvárgi, pron. indef.
A. Forms:—the older form was nom. hvárrgi, Grág. i. 114, ii. 307, Eg. 286, Ísl. ii. 354: neut. nom. and acc. hvártki, or with elided t, hvárki, mod. hvorki, Fms. i. 68, passim: gen. hvárskis, Grág. i. 494, N. G. L. i. 350, Fms. viii. 163, Rd. 292; hvárkis, Sks. 558: dat. m. hvárungi, Grág. i. 10, ii. 266; neut. hvárugi, i. II, 131: acc. m. hvárngi, Grág. (Kb.), see -gi, signif. B, p. 199.
II. afterwards it changed into a regular adjective, hvárigr, mod. hvorugr, pl. hvárgir, Gþl. 114; but usually uncontracted, and so in mod. usage, hvárugir, Grág. ii. 51, Ísl. ii. 267, Fms. i. 36, viii. 193, Hkr. iii. 243, Sks. 650, passim: dat. sing. fem. hvárugri, Fms. iii. 214, passim: acc. m. pl. hváruga, passim: irreg. and intermediate forms are, acc. masc. sing. hvárngan, Egill tekr því mjök hvárngan veg, Sturl. iii. 99 C, Fms. viii. 88, Thom. 111.
B. Usage:
I. neither, of two, Lat. neuter. The old form hvárgi is usually substantival; with gen., hvárrgi or hvártki þeirra, neither of them, Eg. 286, Grág. i. 237; miklu meiri sök en hvárgi hinna var, Sks. …
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pron. each of the two, either, both;
1) as a., ór hvárritveggju hlustinni, out of both ears;
2) as subst. with gen., ~ þeirra, both of them; with a possess., ~ okkarr, both of us;
3) the neut. hvárttveggja, used as adv., both (hvárttveggja karlar ok konur).
or hvárr-tveggja; an older form, hvaðar-tveggi, occurs in Hkr. i. 205 (in a verse), and acc. m. hvaðran-tveggja, Korm. 224 (middle of the 10th century).
A. Forms:—the older declension is hvárr-tveggja, originally in two words, of which the latter is a gen. of tveir, literally = uter duorum, whether of twain; this form freq. occurs in old writers, the latter part being indecl., thus, neut. hvárt-tveggja, utrum duorum, Grág. i. 113, Hom. 156, Eg. 61, v. 1.: gen. hvárs-tveggja, Fms. i. 19, Grág. ii. 144: dat. hvárum-tveggja, hváru-tveggja, Fms. ii. 310, vii. 251, x. 304, Hkr. iii. 8, Grág. i. 113, Nj. 64, Eg. 181, Ísl. ii. 332; dat. fem. hvárri-tveggja, Sks. 215 B: acc. hvárn-tveggja, Nj. 145, Fms. i. 12, 13, K. Þ. K. 158: nom. pl. hvárir-tveggja, Sks. 272: gen. pl. hvárra-tveggja, Fms. x. 276.
II. tveggja afterwards took a kind of weak inflexion, viz. tveggi in nom. sing., tveggju in the oblique cases and in plur., in dat. tveggjum, but these forms are often applied with great irregularity; nom. sing. hvárr-tveggi, Grág. i. 6l, Fms. i. 17, 265, x. 249, Nj. 39, 55, 59, Ld. 290, Landn. 47, Ísl. …
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= hvárts = hvárt es (= er).
= hvárts, = hvárt es, = hvárt er, pron. neut. from hvarr, q. v., either, used adverbially; hvárz … eðr, either … or; hvártz hann hefir farit til þessa eðr eigi, Grág. i. 48; h. er til sóknar eða varnar, 56; hvárz þeir eru bændr eðr griðmenn, 57; hvárz hverfa til lofs eðr löstnnar, Greg. 10; hvárz verit hafa góð eðr íll; hvárz hann er lærðr eðr úlærðr, h. hann svimr á sjó eðr vatni, Hom. (St.) passim: adding a superfluous sem, hvártz sem maðr verðr sekr at sátt eðr á várþingi, Grág. i. 121.
adv.
1) how, in what manner (hvé fór með þeim?); h. heitir þú? how art thou named?;
2) qualifying an a. or adv., how, to what extent; h. gamall maðr hann væri, how old he was; þeir vissu eigi, h. fram var, they did not know the time of day; h. nær? when? (hvé nær mun hann heim koma?).
adv., hvei, Gþl. 495 A; the vowel was prob., as in all similar monosyllables, sounded long, qs. hvé; prop. an old instrumental case from hvat: [Ulf. hwaiva; A. S. hwu; Engl. how; Germ. wie; Swed. huru; Dan. hvor-ledes]:—how, interrog.; ok freista hve þá hlýddi, Ib. 7; bera vætti, hve fyrir sekð hans var mælt, Grág. i. 83; hve for með þeim, Ísl. ii. 341; kveða á, hve þing heitir, Grág. i. 100 (see heita A. II); hve þú heitir, how art thou named? hve margir, how many? Ld. 74; hve mjök, how much? Nj. 24; hve mikill? Fms. vi. 286, Þiðr. 273, Hom. 35; þeir vissu eigi, hve fram var (mod. hvað framorðið var), they knew not the time, of the day, K. Þ. K. 90; spurði, hve gamall maðr hann væri, Ld. 74; þat var með miklum úlíkindum hve (how violent) stormr var eðr snæfall, Finnb. 312: hve nær, when?; Stj. 339, Fb. ii. 394, Nj. 142, Hom. 9, passim; but see hvenar below.
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m. a kind of fish, Edda (Gl.)
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adv., qs. hve-gi; hvigi, Grág. (Kb.) i. 144, 147, N. G. L. i. 71; hveregi = hvegi, Skálda 169 (Thorodd), see p. 199:—howsoever, always with a following particle er (es) or sem; hvegi er mál fara með þeim, Grág. i. 330; hvegi er um hlaup bersk, Kb. i. 147; h. vandr sem væri, Hom. (St.) 53, Am. 33; hvigi mikinn rétt sem erfingi hennar á á henni, N. G. L. i. 71; hvegi er margir viðtakendr eru, Grág. (Kb.) i. 195; hvegi margir sem eru, N. G. L. i. 79; hvegi er síðan görisk, 19; h. skyllig er hón væri, howsoever important it may be, Post. 686 C. I; hvegi er fundr ferr, Fms. viii. 118 (in a verse); h. úvænt sem þeim hyrfði, xi. 76; hvegi lengi sem, h. víða sem, x. 392, 395; h. litla hríð sem, H. E. i. 243; h. náin at frændsemi er, Grág. i. 227: a kind of gen., hvegis lítt sem eptir var af öskunni, þá stóð ljós af mikit, Blas. 37.
dat. from the obsolete pron. ‘hvar’ = hverr;
1) to whom? (h. eru bekkir baugum sánir?);
2) to any (manni h., or manna h.) h. er (es), to whomsoever (orðstírr deyr aldregi ~, er sér góðan getr).
dat. to whom, = Lat. cui:
I. interrog.; direct, hveim eru bekkir baugum sánir? Vtkv. 6: indirect, aesir vitu hveim …, Ls. 8; hveim ofreiðr, Skm. I, 2; hann skal segja hveim á hendr var, Grág. i. 65; hveim ek hefi þá jörð selda, N. G. L. i. 88.
II. indef. to any, with gen.; hveim hölda, to any, every man, Skv. 3. 12; manni hveim, Skm. 7; but manna hveim, 27; hveim snotrum manni, Hm. 94; hón hratt hveim af hálsi, Skv. 3. 42. 2. with er; hveim er, to whomsoever, Lat. cuicunque; nefni ek þetta vætti hveim er njóta þarf, Grág. i. 7; hveim er sér góðan getr, Hm. 75; hveim er þær kná hafa, Sdm. 19; hveim er liðinn er, 34; hveim er sína mælgi né manað, Ls. 47; hveim er sér góðan getr, Hm. 75; hveim er við kaldrifjaðan kemr, Vþm. 10. This form remains in the mod. hvim-leiðr or hvum-leiðr, qs. hveim-leiðr, adj. loathsome to everybody, detested, hateful.
n. wheat.
n. [Ulf. hwaiteis = σιτος, John xii. 24; A. S. hwæte; Engl. wheat; Hel. hueti; O. H. G. hwaizi; Germ. waizen; Swed. hvete; Dan. hvede]:—wheat, Eg. 69, 79, 460, Stj. 255, 413.
COMPDS: hveitiakr, hveitiax, hveitibrauð, hveitihleifr, hveitikorn, hveitimjöl, hveitisalli, hveitisekkr.
m. wheatfield.
m. a wheat field, Stj. 413, Fas. iii. 373, Fb. i. 540.
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n. an ear of wheat, Þorf. Karl. 412.
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n. wheaten bread, Stj. 221.
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m. a wheaten loaf, Bev.
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n. a grain of wheat, Stj. 99, Hom. 37, Pass. xvii. 27.
n. wheat meal, flour.
n. wheat meal, flour, K. Þ. K. 74, Fms. xi. 157.
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a, m. the finest flour, Stj. 294, 309, 318.
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m. a wheat sack, Stj. 217.
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t, to tease, vex.
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m. a bad trick, of an urchin.
n. wheel; á hverfanda hveli, on it whirling wheel.
n., later form hjól, q. v.; the vowel was prob. long, qs. hvél, as in the Engl.; for in þd. 6 hvél and hál form a half rhyme; a weak neut. hvela occurs, Rb. 1812. 92, MS. 415. 8: [A. S. hweowol; Engl. wheel; cp. Gr. κύκλος]:—a wheel; á hverfanda hveli, on a turning wheel, Hm. 83, Grett. 119 A, Fms. i. 104, Sks. 338: of the moon, Alm. 15; á því hveli er snýsk und reið Rögnis, Sdm. 15; mörg hvel ok stór, Bret. 90; hálfu hvela sólarinnar, Rb. 112; með fjórum hvelum, Sks. 421; hann hjó hvel undan skipi sínu, Krók. 59; þar sem hón velti hveli sínu, Al. 23; brjóta í hveli, to break on the wheel, Hom. 147: an orb, geislanda hvel, a beaming orb, the sun, Sks. 94; fagra-hvel, fair wheel, poët. the sun, Alm.; himins hvel, heaven’s orb, the sun, Bragi; hvela sólarinnar, the sun’s disk, MS. 415. 8; hvel á tungli, Rb. 452: a circle, vofit (woven) með hvelum ok hringum, Str. 17.
COMPDS: hvelgörr, hvelvagn, hvelvala.
(-da, -dr), v. to upset, overturn, with dat. (hann hvelfdi nökkvanum undir sér); impers., skipinu hvelfdi, the ship capsized.
ð, causal from hválfa: to arch, vault, with acc.; allt húsit hvelfði hann innan, Stj. 563; var þar upp af hvelft ræfrit, Fms. v. 339: hvelfðr, vaulted, Stj. 12.
II. proncd. hvolfa, to turn (a ship or vessel) upside down, with dat.; ef maðr hvelfir skipi undir manni, Grág. ii. 130; hann kastaði árunum ok hvelfði nökkvanum undir sér, Fms. ii. 182; hann hvelfir skipinu undir þeim, Fb. ii. 220.
2. impers. to capsize; hvelfði þar skipinu undir þeim, Fms. i. 293; hallaði því næst skipinu svá at inn féll sjórinn ok því næst hvelfði, ix. 320, v. 1.; réru dvergarnir á boða ok hvelfði skipinu, Edda 47; þá laust hviðu í seglit ok hvelfði skipinu, Ld. 326; þá rekr á hvassviðri mikit ok hvelfir skipinu, 58, Fs. 150.
3. to pour out of a vessel; h. vatni úr fötu, to pour water out of a bucket; tveir vóru at hvölfa elfum ölva í iðra sá, Stefr Ól.: cp. Engl. to whelm, overwhelm, which may be a kindred word.
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f. a vault.
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u, f. [hvalr, cp. Engl. wheal], the skin of a cyclopterus or whale, etc.: in pl. the metaph. súpa hveljur, to sup on hveljur, i. e. to lose the breath, to gasp as when about half drowned; ekki þurfti hann Oddr staup, hann ýmist sökk eða hveljur saup, Stef. 01.
a. shrill, sharp in tone (h lúðr); hvell rödd, a clear voice; mæla. (tala) hátt ok hvellt, to speak loud and clearly.
m. a shrill sound.
a. shrill, sharp in tone (h lúðr); hvell rödd, a clear voice; mæla. (tala) hátt ok hvellt, to speak loud and clearly.
adj. [cp. Germ. hell, hallen], shrilling, thrilling, of sound as from an explosion; hvellr hamarr, Thom. 325; hvellr lúðr, Karl. 359; hvellast óp ok skjal, Bær. 18; hveli rödd, Fas. i. 272; hvellar hurðir, Al. 70; hvellr hneri, Orkn. 448; tala hvellt, Fms. i. 215; hátt ok hvellr, Thom. 451, 478.
(-s, -ar), m. whelp.
m., not hválpr, but proncd. hvolpr; [A. S. hweolp; Engl. whelp; Dan. hvalp]:—a whelp, Fms. xi. 10, 12, Gkv. 2. 41, passim: metaph. an urchin, cp. hunn, Fms. vi. 323, Nj. 142: of a lion’s, tiger’s whelp, Stj. 71, 80, 572, Al. 3, Fas. ii. 165; a wolf’s, Al. 31: a nickname, Orkn.: the phrase, bera hvelpa undir hondunum, to pull with the elbows stuck out, of awkward rowing.
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part. circular, Str. 80.
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m. a wheel wain, Akv. 28.
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u, f., poët. a pebble, Þd. 6.
adv. when? (= hvé nær).
or hvenær, spelt hvenar in Dropl. 20, 21, and proncd. so at the present day; [hvenar seems to be the true form, as the word is prob. derived not from hve and nær, but is like Engl. when-e’er, from Goth. hwan = ποτέ; A. S. hwænne; Engl. when; Hel. huan; Germ. wann]:—when, Nj. 142, Ld. 204, Grág. i. 103, 350, passim.
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að, [hváptr], to snap, snap at, bite.
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adj. snappish, of a dog: hvepsni, f.
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m. pl. fabulous birds, Eggert Itin. 890.
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u, f. = hverahrúðr, Itin. 142.
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m. the tophus or tuf-stone deposited by hot springs, Itin. 145.
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m. a kind of lime Itin. 127.
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n. the soft pulp deposited by hot springs, Itin. 109.
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m. pl. a kind of tuf-stone, Itin. 660.
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n. water from a hver. For old dried up hverar see Itin. 295; cp. also the remarks s. v. Geysir and Ann. 1294. From
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see hvegi.
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n. a scoop or basket for herring-fishing; með hverfum ok roð-háfum, Gþl. 427; en hverr er síld fiskir … greiði hann hverf af lest hverri, N. G. L. i. 140.
I)
(hverf; hvarf, hurfum; horfinn), v.
1) to have a circular or rotatory motion, turn round (himinn hverfr);
with acc. of the place, himin ~ þau skulu hverjan dag, they shall wheel round the heaven every day, of the sun and moon;
2) to be lost to sight (~ at sýn); to disappear, vanish (~ af himni heiðar stjörnur);
e-m hverfr e-t, one loses a thing (Mávi hurfu sauðir nökkurir);
síðan hvarf hann þeim, he vanished out of their sight;
3) with preps. and advs.:
~ af at gera e-t, to leave off doing a thing;
~ aptr, to turn back, return;
aptr hverfr lygi, þá er sönnu mœtir, a lie recoils before the truth;
~ at e-m, to throng around one (þá hurfu þegar at honum allir ok fögnuðu honum);
~ at e-u, to turn to, to adopt (~ at e-u ráði);
~ brott, to disappear;
~ eptir e-m, to follow one;
~ frá e-u, to turn away from;
gørðu-t far festa, áðr þeir frá hyrfi, they did not moor the boat before they turned away; to leave off (nú skal þar til taka, sem fyrr var frá horfit);
~ í sundr, to part;
~ til e-s, to turn (go) to one, or to a place (hlæjandi Guðrún hvarf til skemmu); esp. to go to one and take leave (Gunnar hverfr til allra manna, er hann er búinn); …
ð, causal of the last verb:
I. to make to turn, turn, with acc.; h. e-m hugi (acc. pl.), to turn a person’s mind, Hm. 162; sneru þeir krossinum, ok hverfðu (turned) hendr hans niftr, ok höfuð tíl jarðar, 656 C. 37; hann sneri sverðinu í hendi sér ok hverfði fram eggina, Fas. ii. 139; hann ofrar vápni sínu at manni, ok hverfir hann fram hamar, N. G. L. i. 67; h. at sér hinn mjóvara hlut, Ýt. 13; vér hverfum oss í austr (we turn our faces towards the east) þá er vér biðjum fyrir oss, Hom. 156, 158.
II. to enclose; h. garði um e-t, to enclose with a fence, Gþl. 407 (garð-hverfa); himinn þann er hverfðr er útan um lopt öll, Fms. v. 340; hverfðr við e-t, stirred so as to be blended with, Sdm. 18.
I)
(hverf; hvarf, hurfum; horfinn), v.
1) to have a circular or rotatory motion, turn round (himinn hverfr);
with acc. of the place, himin ~ þau skulu hverjan dag, they shall wheel round the heaven every day, of the sun and moon;
2) to be lost to sight (~ at sýn); to disappear, vanish (~ af himni heiðar stjörnur);
e-m hverfr e-t, one loses a thing (Mávi hurfu sauðir nökkurir);
síðan hvarf hann þeim, he vanished out of their sight;
3) with preps. and advs.:
~ af at gera e-t, to leave off doing a thing;
~ aptr, to turn back, return;
aptr hverfr lygi, þá er sönnu mœtir, a lie recoils before the truth;
~ at e-m, to throng around one (þá hurfu þegar at honum allir ok fögnuðu honum);
~ at e-u, to turn to, to adopt (~ at e-u ráði);
~ brott, to disappear;
~ eptir e-m, to follow one;
~ frá e-u, to turn away from;
gørðu-t far festa, áðr þeir frá hyrfi, they did not moor the boat before they turned away; to leave off (nú skal þar til taka, sem fyrr var frá horfit);
~ í sundr, to part;
~ til e-s, to turn (go) to one, or to a place (hlæjandi Guðrún hvarf til skemmu); esp. to go to one and take leave (Gunnar hverfr til allra manna, er hann er búinn); …
pret. hvarf, pl. hurfu; subj. hyrfi; part, horfinn; in mod. pronunciation inserting the v throughout, hvurfu, hvyrfi, hvorfinn; akin to horfa, q. v.: [Ulf. hwairban = περιπατειν; A. S. hweorfan; O. H. G. hwerban; Germ. werben]:—to turn round; hverfanda hvel, Hm. 73 (see hvel); nú mátt þú engi veg þess hverfa (thou canst turn to no side) at Guðs miskunn sé ekki fyrir þér, Hom. 156; h. í móðurátt, föðurátt, to devolve upon, of right or duty, Grág. i. 177, 237; hafa horfit í Guðdóm, 625. 59; hverfa af lífi, to depart from life, die, Stor. 10: with acc. of place, himin hverfa þau skulu hverjan dag, they shall pass round the heaven every day, of the sun and moon, Vþm. 23.
2. with prep.; h. aptr, to turn back, return, Fms. vii. 298, x. 231, Stj. 606, Hom. 98; to recoil, aptr hverfr lygi þá er sönnu mætir, a lie recoils before the truth, Bs. i. 639; h. aptr til sin, to recover one’s senses, Mar.; hurfu at því ráði allir þrændir, all the Th. turned that way, took that part, Fms. i. 18, vii. 206; þá hurfu menn þegar at honum, thronged around him, xi. 193: …
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n. cluster of farms.
n. a cluster of farms, such as almost to form a village, freq. in Icel. local names, Fiskilækjar-hverfi, Skóga-h., Rangár-h., Ingólfshöfða-h., Fljóts-h., Landn.: metaph., vizku-h., the abode of wisdom = the breast, Fbr. (in a verse); tanna-h., the ‘tooth-abode,’ i. e. the mouth, Kristni S. (in a verse): a shelter, verða e-m at hverfi, Sturl. i. (in a verse).
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f. turning, in sjón-h., eye-deceit, glamour.
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a, m. a froward person, Post. 201.
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adj. ugly, Nj. 147, v. 1.; whence mod. herfilegr (-liga), q. v., wretched, miserable.
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m. a grindstone, Vm. 177.
a.
1) shifty, changeable (~ hugr);
2) neut., hverft, quickly (fara ~; stýra ~).
adj. shifty; hverf haustgríma, Hm. 73; hverfr hugr, a shifty mind, Sol. 31: crank, of a ship, freq. in mod. usage: also in the phrase, stýra hverft, to steer wrong. Fas. ii. 178.
2. metaph., ráða hverft, to give false counsel, Karl. III; fara hverft, to start, stagger, as if frightened, Nj. 197, Sd. 154; whence the mod. verða hverft, to be startled, be frightened: of clothes, rétt-hverfr, turning right; út-hverfr, turning outside; as also út-hverfa, rétt-hverfa, u, f.
a. shifty, changeable.
adj. shifty, changeable, of things, Barl. 32, 97; ú-hverfull, not shifty, abiding firm, hverfull-leiki, a, m. shiftiness, freq.
n. fickleness.
n. ‘turn-mind,’ fickleness, Str. 61, Róm. 305.
a. fickle-minded.
adj. shifty, fickle-minded, Rd. 295, Str. 26.
a. fickle, wavering.
adj. fickle, wavering, Fms. viii. 447, v. 1.
I)
pron.
1) each, every one (hann lét sem hann eigi vissi, hvat h. talaði);
2) adding ‘er’ or ‘sem’, whosoever (h. er þá beiðir); hverngi veg sem (howsoever) hann vill svara.
II)
adv.
1) nowhere (hann undi h.); h. annars staðar, nowhere else;
2) by no means, not at all; vil ek h. ara, I shall not go at all; vera h. fœrr, to be quite unable to go; h. nær, far from it (h. nær allir); with compar. (Bergr var þess h. fúsari); alls h., nowhere at all.
1. pron., see hverrgi.
2. adv. [see -gi, p. 199], nowhere; hann undi h., Landn. 174, Vsp. 3; áðr var h., before there was none anywhere, Íb. 16; sá þeir h. konung, Fms. ii. 332; hvergi á bæjum, Sturl. iii. 55; h. annarsstaðar, nowhere else, passim: with gen., hvergi lands, Helr. 9; hvergi jarðar né upphimins, Þkv. 2; moldar h., Fas. i. 521 (in a verse), Merl. 1. 59.
II. metaph. in no manner, by no means, not at all; uggum hvergi, be not afraid! Kormak; varðar honum slíkt sem hvergi sé léð, Grág. i. 438; ef þú bregðr h. af, Nj. 31; at þeir skyldu h. at göra, 189; hvergi á fé at taka frá kirkju, K. Þ. K. 20 new Ed.: fara hvergi, to ‘fare nowhere,’ to stay at home, 9 new Ed., Fms. i. 10; ek vil hvergi fara, I shall not go at all, Ísl. ii. 32; vil ek at hvergi sé eptir riðit, nopursuit, 358; vera hvergi færr, to be quite unable to go, Eg. 107, Hkr. i. 269, Ó. H. 128.
2. with compar.; þat þykki mér hvergi úvænna, Fms. xi. 94; h. úframar, noways inferior, 48; h. betr, no better, Bs. i. 633; hvergi nær (mod. hvergi nærri), nowhere near, far from it, Eg. …
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pron. = hvergi.
adj., see hverrgi.
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or hvörn, f. [proncd. kvörn or kvern, but distinction is to be made between kvern, mola, and hvern, cerebrum; for in the latter word h is the true initial, as is shewn by comparison with Ulf. hwairnei = κρανίον, Mark xv. 22; Scot. harns; Germ. hirn; Swed. hjerna; Dan. hjerne, which stand in the same relation to hvern as hjól to hvel]:—the two boat-formed white bones embedded in a fish’s brains. These bones, as well as shells, are in Icel. collected and used by children in the game of guessing, as nuts etc. are in England; hann lauk þá upp höfuðskeljum mannanna, og tók hnefa-fylli úr hverju höfði og hugði vandliga að; eintómar hvarnir, og ekki nema tvær í þorsk-kindinni, Fjölnir (1845) 52. hvarnar-skeljar, f. pl. = hvarnir.
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u, f. [hverr, m.], a pan, basin, Nikd. 28.
adv. how (= hvern veg).
qs. hvernveg, [see hverr], interrog. direct and indirect; the forms vary, hverneg or hvernig, Eg. 19 A, 106, 123, 292, 394, Hkr. i. 170, 287, Korm. 130, 148, Glúm. 327, Band. 18 new Ed., passim: hvernog or hvernug, Orkn. 83 (v. 1.), Hkr. i. 120, 347, Al. 63, 65, and passim in old MSS.: the mod. form is hvernin, proncd. hvurinn or kvurninn, qs. hvernveginn, from vegr with the article, which form is also now and then found in old MSS., Fs. 105 (MS. Arna-Magn. 132), Bs. Hungrv. passim, as also later MSS.:—how? in what way? the references passim.
I)
(-s, -ar), m.
1) kettle, cauldron;
2) hot spring (~inn var bæði heitr ok djúpr); holtriða h., ‘rock-cauldron’, cave.
II)
pron.
1) interrog., used both substantively and adjectively, who, which, what? hverjar ero þær meyjar? who are these maids? h. á hestinn? who owns the horse? h. er þessi maðr? who is this man? hvern enda? what end?
2) indef. each, every one, as subst., with gen.; manna h., every man; fróðra h., every wise man; h. várr, each of us; as a., h. gumi, every man; hverjan or hvern dag, every day; as adv., í hverju, moment (veðrit óx í hverju);
3) any (fyrir útan hverja hjálp);
4) with the relat. part. ‘er’ or ‘sem’, whosoever, whichever (þá skulu þeir þegar drepa hann h. sem hann er);
5) with another pron. or adj; h. at öðrum, one after another (hverja nótt eptir aðra); at öðru hverju, every now and then, hverir tveir, every two and two; þriðja hvert ár, every three years (= á hverjum þremr árum); ~ … sinn, every one … his (~ maðr í sínu rúmi);
6) relat. (rare), who, which.
1. m., pl. hverar:
I. a cauldron, boiler; hver kringlóttan af eiri, Stj. 564; heyrði til höddu er Þorr bar hverinn, Skálda 168, Hym. 1, 3, 5, 9, 13, 27, 33, 34, 36, 39 (of a boiler); hefja af hvera, Gm. 42, = mod. taka ofan pottinn; in Gkv. 3, 6, 9, 10, ketill and hver are synonymous: hver-gætir, m. a cauldron-keeper, cook, Am. 58: hvera-lundr, m. a cauldron groove, Vsp. 39: Hver-gelmir, m. local name of the northern Tartarus, the abyss, Edda.
II. metaph. in volcanic Icel. this word was taken to express the hot springs, and it is so used to the present day (in pl. often hverir), Sd. 191, Grett. 141 (hverar), Bs. i. 322, Ann. 1294, and freq. in local names. In the west the largest hverar are those in Reykjahólar, Eggert Itin. 382; in the north the Reykja-hver; Hvera-vellir in the wilderness Kjöl, 637; Reykjadals-hverar, among which the largest is the Uxa-hver, and Baðstofu-hver, 640, 641. In the east there are only a few, see Itin. 798; whereas the south is very rich in such springs, especially the neighbourhood of Haukadal (Geysir, Strokkr), see Ann. …
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or hvergi, indef. pron. each, every, Lat. unusquisque.
A. Forms:
I. declined like hvárrgi, viz. nom. hverrgi, passim; gen. hverkis, N. G. L. i. 126; dat. masc. hverjumgi, Grág. (Kb.) 14; fem. hverrigi, 655 iii. 4; acc. masc. hverngi, Grág. passim; neut. hvertki or hverki, passim; see more references s. v. -gi, p. 199 A.
II. declined as an adjective, hverigr; acc. sing. fem. hverega, Thorodd; dat. sing. fem. hveregri, N. G. L. i: nom. plur. hverigir, Grág. i. 392; hverigar, 94; hverigra (gen. pl.), ii. 20: hveriga (acc. pl.), Nj. 101; hverigar (acc. fem, pl.), 623. 48, Ó. H. 74.
2. mixed forms, acc. hverngan, Grág. ii. 13; hvernegan, Hkr. ii. 79; hveregi handsöl (acc. pl.), Grág. i. 140.
B. Usage:
I. alone, mostly as subst.; hvat hverigum hentir, Fms. iv. 147; hvat hverrgi hefir, Skálda 160; hverr hverrgi er, Fms. viii. 314; hverr hverrgi sé, xi. 152; hvat sem h. segði, ix. 256; hvat hverrgi talaði, ii. 67; hverju heilli hverrgi kemr, Fas. iii. 41; Njáll vissi þá görla hverr hverrgi hafði verit, Nj. 104; hann sagði fyrir heima-mönnum sínum hvat hverrgi skyldi starfa meðan hann væri í brottu, 196; …
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adv. how, = hvé.
adv., proncd. hvursu, (hversug, N. G. L. i. 27, 91, qs. hvers-veg, what way, = hve):—how, Nj. 2, 68, Al. 10, Fms. x. 404, Ísl. ii. 364, N. G. L. i. 91, Hom. 103, passim; for hversu is the common word, whereas hve is obsolete.
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adv. howsoever, = hvegi, q. v.; with the particle sem or er, Fms. viii. 59; h. mikit fé er þeir gefa með sér, Grág. i. 223; h. margar sem fígúrur eru, Alg. 360.
adv.
1) every day;
2) commonly, generally (eigi var hón margmælt ~).
adv. every day, Fms. ix. 267, 384, Skálda 199, Eb. 32, 258, Gullþ. 20, Jb. 33, Eg. 598, Ld. 22, of week days.
a.
1) every day;
2) common.
adj. daily, every day, Gþl. 42, Greg. 42, 625. 178; h. hættir, Bs. i. 164; h. búningr, a dress to be used on week days, K. Þ. K. 82, Vm. 46; h. maðr, Nj. 258.
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mod. pronunciation hvundags, every day: in compds, hversdags-búningr, m. (-föt, n. pl.), one’s every-day dress, work-a-day clothes, K. Þ. K. 140: hversdags-hökull, m., -klæði, n., Vm. 52, Grág. i. 323: -leika, n., Sturl. iii. 127; -maðr, m., Nj.: in mod. usage, hvundags, -búningr, -föt, etc., Vm. 38; opp. to spari-föt.
adv. of every kind (á hverskonar lund).
adv. of every kind, Hom. 87, 91, passim.
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= hverskyns, Thom. 113.
adv. of every kind (á hverskonar lund).
= hverskonar, Fms. x. 379, passim.
adv.
1) whither, where (Gunnar sagði þeim, h. hann ætlaði);
2) h. er, whithersoever (h. er hann ferr).
proncd. hvurt, neut. sing. of hverr, used as adv. whither, Germ. wohin, interrog.; Gunnarr sagði þeim hvert hann ætlaði, Nj. 76; Jarl spurði hvert hann færi þaðan, 132; gera ráð hvert hann sneri þaðan, Fms. v. 24.
II. hvert er, whithersoever; hvert er hann ferr, Nj. 129; hann let reka skipit hvert er vildi, Fms. i. 293; hvert er hann ferr fullum dagleiðum, þá er …, Grág. i. 93; gefi gaum at, hvert er hann er (in what direction) frá merki því er hann skal fylgja, Ó. H. 204.
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adv. whithersoever; h. sem hann fór, Greg. 53, Þjal. 351.
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pron. every one; see hverr.
adv. everywhere (= hvarvetna).
see hvarvetna, everywhere, passim.
(-ta, -tr), v.
1) to sharpen, whet (h. spjót); h. augun á e-t, to look keenly or hard at;
2) to stir up, instigate;
3) impers., hvessir (acc.), it blows up a gale.
t, [hvass], to sharpen; hvessa ok hvetja, Fms. vii. 37; hvessa sýn, Pr. 474; h. augu, to look with a piercing glance, Hkv. I. 6, Edda 36, Eg. 44, 457, Fms. ii. 174, vii. 172: to make keen for a thing, encourage, Al. 33, Fms. vii. 37, Bs. i. 750: of weather, to blow keenly, blow up a gale, impers., veðr (acc.) tók at hvessa mjök, Ld. 326; hvesti veðrit, Fms. ix. 21; þá hvessti svá, at …, 387, freq.; það er farit að hvessa, það fer að hvessa, it ‘fares to blow sharp.’
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m. a wbetter, sharpener, Lex. Poët.
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u, f. = þvesti (q. v.), Vm. 79.
(hvet; hvatta, hvöttum; hvattr), v.
1) to whet, sharpen (h. sverð);
2) to encourage (síðan hvatti hann lið sitt);
hvat hvatti þik hingat? what urged thee to come here?.
hvatti, hvatt, pres. hvet, part. hvattr, Gh. 6; a middle form hvöttomc, Hom. 29; [A. S. hwettgan; Engl. whet; Germ. wetzen; cp. hvass]:—to whet, sharpen a cutting instrument; h. sverð, Kormak; h. spjót, Fb. i. 189; Skarphéðinn hvatti öxi, Nj. 66, Fs. 72, Landn. 293; h. gadd, Stj. 77.
II. metaph. to make one keen, encourage; þats mik hvatti hugr, Ls. 64; síðan hvatti hann lið sitt, Fms. ix. 509, Hðm. 2; hvat hvatti þik hingat, what urged thee to come here? Nj. 6; h. ok hvessa, Fms. vii. 37; hugr mik hvatti, Fm. 6; heilög ritning hvetr oss opt at fara, Hom. 9, Fs. 6, passim: part, hvetjandi, an inciter, instigator, Mar. 656 A. i. 12: pass, hvatinn, cut; hvatinn spjóti, pierced with a spear, Fas. ii. (in a verse), απ. λεγ.; cp. hvatt (q. v.), of the sheep mark, which seems to point to an affinity between Engl. to cut and Icel. hvetja.
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adv. = hvatvetna, q. v.
f. squall of wind.
u, f. [A. S. hwiða], a squall of wind, Ld. 326, freq.: medic. a fit; hósta-h., a fit of coughing.
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m. the ‘squatter,’ poët. the wind, Aim. 21.
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n., mod. hik, a quaking, wavering.
COMPDS: hvikeygr, hviklyndi, hviklyndr, hvikmál, hviksaga, hviktunga.
(að), v. to quail, shrink, waver (= h. undan); impers., hví ~r þér svá? why art thou so slow?.
að, mod. hika (a strong pret. hvak occurs in Fms. x. (Ágrip) 383):—to quail, shrink, waver; ok hvikaði (Ed. hinkaði wrongly) hestrinn undir honum, Fs. 159: of ranks in battle, Karl. 364; hvika undan, io quail; konungrinn hvak undan lítt þat, shrank from the blow, Fms. x. 383; hefir þú jafnan undan hvikat, Korm. 202; þat er nú ráð at h. eigi undan, Vígl. 72 new Ed.; hvikit ér allir, Nj. 78, Bs. ii. 229; Sigmundr kvað nú ekki göra at h. um þetta, Fb. i. 148: impers., hví hvikar þér svá, why quakest thou thus? Nj. 143.
f. wavering.
f. a quaking, Lv. 54: wavering, Bs. i. 654 (in a verse).
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a, m. a coward, Karl. 363.
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adj. quaking, epithet of a stag; hviks í hjartar liki, Pd. 7.
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adj. shifty, changeable; ú-hvikull. firm.
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adj. with wandering eyes, Bs. i. 671 (in a verse, v. l.)
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n. fickleness.
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adj. fickle.
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n. pl. slander, Bjarn. 57 (in a verse), emend. MS. hvitmál, qs. hvicmal.
f. idle lale, slander.
u, f. an idle tale, nonsense, Al. 4, Sturl. iii. 125.
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u, f. a slander-tongue, tale-bearer, N. G. L. ii. 437.
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f. [Ulf. hwilftri = σορός, a coffin, Luke vii. 14]:—a grassy hollow, a combe or corrie, Edda ii. 482; 566, l. c., spells hvilmt; freq. in mod. usage.
II. a local name in western Icel.
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að, [cp. Engl. whim], to wander with the eyes, of a fugitive look, as of one frightened or silly, Mork. 108; hvirna og skirna í allar áttir.
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adj. shaking the bead from fright, of a horse.
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adj. [cp. hvima], blank, discomfitted, Grág. ii. 55, Fas. iii. 290: freq. in mod. usage, and proncd. hvumsa.
a. loathsome, detested (~ bæði trollum ok mönnum).
adj. loathed, detested, Bjarn. 71 (in a verse); see hví.
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a, m. ‘whining-speaker,’ a nickname, Fms. vii.
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m., poët. a stealer, i. e. the wolf, Edda (Gl.)
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or hvinn, m. a pilferer, Fbr. (in a verse); distinguished from a thief; ef maðr stell örtug eða örtug meira, þá er sá þjófr; … enn ef maðr stell minna en örtog, þá er sá torfs-maðr ok tjöru; … en ef minnr stelr en þveiti, þá skal sá heita hvinn um allan aldr síðan ok eigi engan rétt á sér, N. G. L. i. 253, Edda ii. 495; ef maðr stel einhverju þessu (viz. a plough, harrow, etc.), þá heiti æ hvinn at úsekju, Gþl. 359; ef maðr stelr hundi manns, eða ketti, knífi eða belti ok öllu því er minna er vert en eyris, þá er hvinnska, N. G. L. ii. 172; hvinna-ætt, Sighvat. Hvinn-gestr, m. a pr. name, Fms. vi. (in a verse).
f. larceny.
u, f. petty theft, larceny, Gþl. 197, cp. Jb. l. c., N. G. L.
m. whiz, whistling (h. örvarinnar; ~inn af högginu).
m. (hvimr in Eb. 182, but wrongly, as hvína is the root word), a cracking, whizzing, whistling, as of a whip or missile; hann heyrir hvininn af högginu, Fms. vii. 230; hvin örvarinnar, ii. 272; Arnkell heyrði hvininn (of a stroke), Eb. 182; hann heyrir hvininn af for þÞ Fbr. 40.
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adj. from the county Hvin in Norway, Fms. Hvin-verjar, m. pl. the men from Hvin: Hvinverja-dalr, a local name, Landn.
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m., dat. hvirfli; [Engl. whirl, whorl; Germ. wirbel; Dan. hvirvel]:—prop. a circle, ring, = hvirfingr; þeir ráku saman í einn hvirfil heiðingja, Karl. 360: but esp.,
II. the crown of the head, where the hair turns all ways as from a centre, Lat. vertex, Germ. wirbel, (cp. Icel. sveipr); frá iljum til hvirfils, Sks. 159; milli hæls ok hvirfils, Stj. 617; frá hvirfli til ilja, Job ii. 7; lýstr ofan í miðjan hvirfil, Edda 30; dreyrði or hvirflinum, Fms. ii. 272, Fb. iii. 406, Ísl. ii. 343, Bs. i. 190; fyll skóinn af blóði ok set í hvirfil mér, 229.
2. a top, summit, Sks. 728; hvirflar heimsins, the poles, Pr. 476; h. fjallsins, Stj. 306, Mar.
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m. a squall of whirlwind.
m. whirlwind.
m. a whirlwind, Fms. x. 201, Ld. 156, Bs. i. 724, ii. 5, Stj. 114, Barl. 162.
f.
1) circle (of men); setjast í ~, to sit down in a circle;
2) drinking match (drekka ~).
f. or hvirfingr, m. a circle of men; setjask í hvirfing, to sit in a circle, Fms. vi. 279; þeir sömnuðu þeim saman í eina hvirfing, Karl. 249; Helgi spurði hvárt þeir sæti í hvírfingi eðr hverr út fra öðrum, Ld. 272; þeir setjask niðr í einn stað í hvirfing, Band. 33 new Ed.; síðan vóru goð hennar sett í hvirfing úti, Fms. v. 319.
II. a drinking match, at which the cup was passed round, cp. the Engl. loving cup; it is opp. to tvímenningr, when two persons pledged one another in the same cup; drekka hvirfing, Ó. H. 61.
COMPDS: hvirfingsbróðir, hvirfingsdrykkja, hvirfingsklukka.
m. club-mate.
m. a club-mate, club-brother, Fms. vi. 440.
f. drinking bout (in a sort of club or guild).
u, f. a drinking bout, a kind of club in Norway in olden times as opposed to the later gildi, q. v.; hann kvað þá engar veizlur hafa haft þat haust nema gildi sín ok hvirfings-drykkjur, Hkr. ii. 165; Ólafr konungr (who died A. D. 1193) lét setja Mikla-gildi í Níðarósi, en áðr vóru þar hvirfingsdrykkjur, Fms. vi. 440.
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u, f. a bell in such a club, Fms. vi. 440.
(að), v. to whirl, spread (þær ætinþu at h. heyit).
að, to whirl; h. heyit, Fb. i. 522, in mod. usage with dat.
interj. whew!.
interj. whew! to imitate the sound of whistling, Bs. i. 420.
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að, [Engl. hiss], to run with a hissing sound, e. g. of a stream; það hvissar í honum.
1) an old dat. of ‘hvat’; þá spurði Hallr, hví þat sætti, then H. asked what was the matter; fyrir hví, why, wherefore (fyrir h. biðr þú eigi lækningar?);
2) adv. why? = fyrir hví (hví ertu svá fölr?).
interj. imitating a gull’s cry, Bb.
1) an old dat. of ‘hvat’; þá spurði Hallr, hví þat sætti, then H. asked what was the matter; fyrir hví, why, wherefore (fyrir h. biðr þú eigi lækningar?);
2) adv. why? = fyrir hví (hví ertu svá fölr?).
prop. a dat. of an old and partly obsolete pron. hvat, [see hvat and hverr]:—Lat. cui, for what:
I. interrog., þá var séð yfir hví stafrinn hafði búit, 655 iii. 2; kviðr berr hví hann orkar, of what it is capable, Grág. i. 252; at hví neyt sé, w hat it is good for, ii. 260; þá spurði Hallr hví þat sætti, H. asked what was the matter, Fms. ii. 193; hví sætir hark þetta ok hlaup? Ó. H. 109; fyrir hví, wherefore? (in vulgar Engl. still, for why?), fyrir hví biðr þú eigi lækningar? 222; spurði hann fyrir hví þeir væri þar? Eg. 375, Eluc. 4: with compar., hví verri, how much the worse, quanta pejor; skulu búar telja hví hann var þá verri at hafa er hann var sjúkr en þá er hann tók vistina, Grág. i. 155, 475.
II. indef. any; Guð mun við hví (= hverju) faðerni ganga, er hann játar oss í skirninni, 655 i. 2.
B. Adverb interrog., prop. ellipt. [cp. Goth. du hwe = διατί; A. S. hwi; Engl. why; Germ. wie]:—why? (see fyrir hví above); hví freistið mín? Vsp. 22; hví þú einn sitr? Skm. 3; hví sitið? Gk. 2; hví þá, why then? Vþm. 9, Ls. 47 is dubious; hví þykkir dóttur minni svá íllt vestr þar? Nj. …
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að, to squeal, of a vicious horse when fighting.
I)
(-da, -dr), v.
1) with acc. to rest;
~ lið sitt, to let one’s troops rest;
~ sik, to take rest (þeir hvíldu sik þar ok eyki sína);
hvíldr, rested (þeir hafa mœdda hesta, en vér höfum alla hvílda);
refl., ~st = ~ sík;
2) to lie, rest, sleep in a bed (~ í rekkju sinni);
~ hjá e-m, to sleep with one;
3) to lie buried (til staðarins þar sem Ólafr hinn helgi hvílir).
II)
f. bed;
ganga (fara) til hvílu, to go to bed.
1. d, to rest, esp. to rest, sleep in a bed; í hvíluna þar er hón hvíldi, Eg. 567; h. í rekkju sinni, Fb. ii. 195, Sturl. iii. 282, Fms. vii. 222; h. tveim megin brikar, Korm.; the old beds stood with the side to the wall, hence the phrase, hvíla við stokk, or þil, cp. Sturl. i. 207, 208; see also brík; h. í sama sæing konu, Grág. i. 329; h. hjá e-m, Hbl. 17.
2. metaph. of the dead, to rest, sleep, Fms. vii. 240, N. G. L. i. 348, Sighvat, but only in a Christian sense, so that ‘hér hvílir’ (= Dan. her hviler) on Runic stones is a sure test of a Christian age.
3. hvíla sik, to take rest, pause, Eg. 492, 586; h. lið sitt, to let one’s troops rest, Karl. 370.
II. reflex., hvílask, to take rest, pause, 623. II, Vkv. 28, Nj. 132, Lv. 59, Fms. v. 64, vii. 193, Sks. 550: to pause, vil ek nú láta þá ræðu hvílask, Sks. 240; nú verðr þar at hvílask, Gísl. 18.
2. u, f. [Ulf. hweila = ὤρα, χρόνος; A. S. hwîl; Engl. while; O. H. G. hwila; Germ. weile; Hel. hvîla; all of them in a temp. sense, = a while, an hour; …
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f.
1) rest, repose (taka ~ or ~ir);
2) pause (þá var ~ nökkur á um bardagann).
f. rest, repose, Nj. 43, Eg. 492, Fms. v. 307, vi. 420, vii. 193, Sks. 235, Stj. 613, passim: pause, Nj. 248; í hvíld, in baiting, in rest, Hbl. 2.
COMPDS: hvíldardagr, hvíldarhestr, hvíldarlauss, hvíldarstaðr.
m. day of rest, the Sabbath.
m. a day of rest, Magn. 502: esp. eccl. the Sabbath, halda skaltú helgan hvíldar-daginn Drottins Guðs þíns, the Fourth Commandment, Stj., Vidal. passim.
m. relay horse.
m. a relay horse, Sturl. iii. 23.
a. restless.
adj. restless, without rest, Sks. 235.
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m. a place of rest, Stj. 155, Pass. 10. 3.
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m. = Lat. qualitas, Alg. 372, Edda ii. 90.
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u, f. a bed-blanket.
n. pl. cohabitation.
n. pl. cohabitation, Fas. iii. 305, 470.
m. bed-fellow.
a, m. a bed fellow, Fms. ix. 321.
n. bed closet.
n. a bed closet, Fms. ii. 85, 197, Eg. 603, Dropl. 29, Háv. 31 new Ed., Gísl. 30, Ld. 138; also called lok-hvíla, cp. Gísl. 29, Eb.; thalamus is rendered by hvílugólf in Hom. (St.) 101.
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f. = hvílugólf, Karl. 20.
n. pl. bed-clothes.
n. pl. bedclothes, Vm. 109, Finnb. 216, N. G. L. i. 358.
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n. the sleeping in one bed, Stj. 197, Bær. 17.
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u, f. = hvílugólf, D. N.
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m. the outside edge of a bed, 623. 52, Pr. 439.
m. hire of a bed.
m. hire of a bed, Fas. iii. 372.
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f. pl. bed sheets, (mod. rekkváðir or rekkjóðir), Vm. 177.
f. want of room in one’s bed.
f. the taking up one’s bed, Gísl. 16; lok-hvíla, q. v.
m. bed of rest.
m. a bed of rest, Akv. 31.
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m. = hvíldardagr, Rb. 1812. 48.
(hvín; hvein, hvinum; hvininn), v. to whiz, whistle (örvar hvinu hjá þeim öllum megin).
pret. hvein, hvinu, hvinit, [A. S. hwînan; Engl. whine; Dan. hvine; Swed. hvina]:—to give a whizzing sound, as the pinions of a bird, an arrow, shaft, gust of wind, or the like; hein hvein í hjarna maeni, the bone whizzed into his skull, Hausrl. 5; örvarnar flugu hvínandi yfir höfuð þeim, Fms. viii. 39; örvar hvinu hjá þeim öllu megin, 179; sær fell at landi hvínanda, Clem. 48; láta hein-þynntan hryneld h., Edda 88 (in a verse).
n. whisper, whispering.
n. a whispering, Post. 609.
(að), v. whisper.
að, [Dan. hviske; Swed. hviska], to whisper, Karl. 211.
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f. (hvískr, n.), a whispering, Karl. 236.
n. whisper.
n. (and hvísla, u, f., Thom. 535), a whispering, Thom. 447.
I)
f. whisper.
II)
(að), v. = hvískra; recipr., ~st, to whisper to one another.
að, [A. S. hwîslan; Engl. whistle]: to whisper; h. við e-n, Fms. v. 201; h. með e-n, Karl. 53; h. sin í millum, Karl. 356: mod., hvísla at e-m: recipr. hvíslask, to whisper to one another, Fms. xi. 425.
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u, f. the white in an egg.
m. white bear, polar bear.
m. the white bear, K. Þ. K. 110, Sks. 191, Landn. 174; see björn.
m. pl. ‘the white days, Whitsun-week.
see B. II. 2.
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u, f. white peaks, the foaming waves, Lex. Poët.
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n. a white calm, of the sea.
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= hvítr matr, K. Þ. K.
f. Whitsunday.
see B. II.
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m. a white falcon, Sks. 189.
f. pl. the white dress worn by those newly baptized.
see B. I.
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see B. II. 2.
f. fair complexion.
f. whiteness, fair hue, Ísl. ii. 211.
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m. (Ivar Aasen kvitel, the Engl. quilt), a white bed-cover, Sir., N. D.
m. a kind of whale.
m. a kind of whale, Sks. 123, Gkv. 2. 42; mod. mjaldr: name of horses, Bjarn. 20: of drinking horns, Fms. iii. 189.
(að), v. to become white.
að, to become white, Edda 28, Sir. 64.
a. white (hvítt silfr); h. á hár, white-haired.
adj. [Ulf. hweits = λευκός; A. S. hwít; Engl. white; Hel. huît; O. H. G. hwîz; Germ. weiss; Swed. hvit; Dan. hvid]:—white; hvít skinn, white fur, 4. 24; h. motr, a white cap, Ld. 188; h. skjöldr, a white shield, Fms. x. 347; hit hvíta feldarins, Fbr. 148; hvítt blóm, white blossom, 4. 24; hvítt hold, white flesh (skin), id.; hvít hönd, a white band, Hallfred; h. háls, a white neck, of a lady, Rm.; h. hestr, a white horse, Fms. ix. 527; hvítr á har, white-haired, vi. 130; h. maðr (fair of hue) ok vænn í andliti, x. 420; hvítan mann ok huglausan, Ld. 232; hvít mörk, white money, of pure silver, opp. to grátt (grey) silver, B. K. 95; hvítr matr, white meat, i. e. milk, curds, and the like, opp. to flesh, in the eccl. law, K. Þ. K. 126; hvítr dögurðr, a white day meal, Sighvat; hvíta-matr, id, K. Þ. K. 102; mjall-hvítr, fann-h., snjó-h., drift-h., white as driven snow; al-h., white allover.
B. Eccl. use of the word white:
I. at the introduction of Christianity, neophytes in the week after their baptism used to wear white garments, called hvíta-váðir, f. …
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a. white-armed.
adj. white-armed, Hm. 162 (epithet of a lady).
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adj. white-browed, Fas. iii. (in a verse).
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adj. white-browed, Ems. x. 321.
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a, m. a white dragon, Merl. 2. 41.
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part. white-hooded, of the waves, Fas. i. (in a verse).
a. white-feathered.
part. white-feathered, of a swan, Fas. i. (in a verse).
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adj. white-decked, white-spotted, Stj. 93, 250.
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t, to be white with foam, of a current, Fas. ii. 252.
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n. a white foaming stream, Thom. 303.
a. white-haired, light-haired (meyjar hvíthaddaðar).
part. white-haired, Lex. Poët.
a. white-haired.
and lavít-hærðr, adj. white-haired, 4. 25, Sks. 92.
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adj. white-brown, blond, of a woman, Fms. (in a verse).
pp. clad in white.
part. clad in white.
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a, m. whiteness, Stj. 92, Mar.
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að; það hvítmatar í augun á honum, of milky white eyes.
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f. pl., poët. arrows, Edda (Gl.)
a. white-striped.
adj. white-striped, Stj. 93.
a. white-bearded.
part. white-bearded, Flóv. 41.
n. white skin, ermine.
n. white fur, D. N.
(-s, -ar), m. one dressed in white weeds (hvítaváðir).
m., see B.
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adj. = Lat. qualis, Fms. x. 107.
a. of what kind or sort.
adj. interrog. [Ulf. hweileiks; A. S. hwylc; Engl. which; Early Engl. and Scot. while, whilk]:—what like? (as still used in North. E. for of what kind?), Lat. qualis, Fms. ii. 220, v. 302, Nj. 269, passim in old and mod. usage.
II. relative, Stj. 85.
I)
f. hissing.
II)
(-ta, -t), v. to hiss, of serpents (h. sem höggormr).
t, [Engl. hiss; Dan. hvœse; akin to hvísla]:—to hiss; h. sem höggormr, to hiss like a serpent, Greg. 50, Róm. 238; þá nam jötunn h. halt, Úlf.
f. hissing.
f. hissing, Al. 168.
(gen. hvannar, pl. hvannir), f. angelica.
f., gen. hvannar, pl. hvannir, [Norse kvanne], angelica, archangelica L., Grág. ii. 348, Fms. ii. 244, Fbr. 87, 88: wild angelica being common in Icel., the word is freq. in local names, Hvann-á, Hvann-eyri, Hvann-dalr, Landn. In olden times the angelica seems to have been much used to give flavour to ale; see jóll.
I) (gen. hvatar, pl. hvatir), f. instigation, encouragmient, impulse.
II) from hvatr, vigorous.
f., gen. hvatar, pl. hvatir, instigation, impulse, Al. 119, passim, as also in mod. usage, fram-hvöt, q. v.: alacrity, Lex. Poët.: names of poems, Guðrunar-hvöt, Sæm.; Húskarla-hvöt, Ó. H.
COMPDS: hvatabuss, hvatamaðr.
m. encourager, instigator.
m. an instigator, author, Lex. Poët. chiefly in poët. compds.
f. instigation, egging; ganga at h. e-s, to follow one’s egging.
f. = hvatan.
adv. wisely, prudently.
adv. wisely, with circumspection, Hkm. ii, Ld. 178, Glúm. 337, Karl. 442.
a. wise, prudent.
adj. wise, circumspect, Bs. i. 294, Niðrst. 3.
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in mod. usage a n. pl., but in old writers often a f. sing. and spelt hyggjandi, Edda (Gl.), Hm. 6, Skv. 3. 49, Fms. iv. 132, Hðm. 28, Hom., Grág. i. 176:—circumspection, wisdom, svo eru hyggindi sem í hag koma, a saying; at viti ok hyggindi, Fms. v. 342; at hyggindum, Landn. 259; at hyggindi ok réttlæti, Fms. iii. 106; vill hyggjandi (gen. sing.), out of one’s senses, Fas. i. 436 (in a verse); hyggindis-munr, Grett. 147 A.
a. wise, prudent, intelligent (þeir er hyggnastir vóru).
adj. clever, intelligent, discreet, Ísl. ii. 341, Fms. v. 221, xi. 17, 33, Sd. 178, Grág. i. 175. N. G. L. i. 231; hyggnir menn, Post. 33, Karl. 352, 359.
I)
(hygg, hugða, hugðr and hugaðr), v.
1) to think, believe;
hugðu þó mjök sér hvárir-tveggju, they were of different opinions;
2) to guess;
fár hyggr þegjanda þörf, few can guess the needs of him that is silent;
3) to intend, purpose (sóknargögn þau, er hann hugði fram at fœra);
mæla fagrt, ok flátt ~, to speak fair and mean false;
mæla hugat (af hugðu), to speak sincerely;
4) ~ e-m e-t, to intend a thing for one, to have in store for one (þóttist þann vita, at honum mundi slíkr kostr hugaðr);
~ e-m vel, to be well disposed towards a person;
~ e-u illa, to be ill pleased with;
ok munu þau vel ~ (they will be glad), er þau hafa akrinn;
5) with preps.:
~ af e-u, to leave off thinking about, forget or drop (~ af harmi, heimsku);
~ af um leitina, to give up the search;
~ at e-u, to attend to, mind, look at;
konungr hugði vandliga at manninum, the king looked closely at the man;
~ á e-t, to think of (~ á flótta);
ef hann á grið hygði, if he thought of any breach of faith;
~ fyrir e-u, to look to, take heed to (hygg nú svá fyrir hag þínum);
~ til e-s, to look forward to with pleasure, etc. …
u, f. thought, mind, opinion; h. ok hugleiðing, MS. 4. 7; at sinni hyggju, N. G. L. ii. 173; Guðleg h., Róm. 308: understanding, mannleg h., Stj.; fyrr fullkominn at hyggju en vetra-tölu, Ld. 18: á-hyggja, care, anxiety; fyrir-h., forethought; van-h., want of forethought; um-hyggja, concern.
COMPDS: hyggjulauss, hyggjuleysi.
I)
(hygg, hugða, hugðr and hugaðr), v.
1) to think, believe;
hugðu þó mjök sér hvárir-tveggju, they were of different opinions;
2) to guess;
fár hyggr þegjanda þörf, few can guess the needs of him that is silent;
3) to intend, purpose (sóknargögn þau, er hann hugði fram at fœra);
mæla fagrt, ok flátt ~, to speak fair and mean false;
mæla hugat (af hugðu), to speak sincerely;
4) ~ e-m e-t, to intend a thing for one, to have in store for one (þóttist þann vita, at honum mundi slíkr kostr hugaðr);
~ e-m vel, to be well disposed towards a person;
~ e-u illa, to be ill pleased with;
ok munu þau vel ~ (they will be glad), er þau hafa akrinn;
5) with preps.:
~ af e-u, to leave off thinking about, forget or drop (~ af harmi, heimsku);
~ af um leitina, to give up the search;
~ at e-u, to attend to, mind, look at;
konungr hugði vandliga at manninum, the king looked closely at the man;
~ á e-t, to think of (~ á flótta);
ef hann á grið hygði, if he thought of any breach of faith;
~ fyrir e-u, to look to, take heed to (hygg nú svá fyrir hag þínum);
~ til e-s, to look forward to with pleasure, etc. …
pres. hygg, pl. hyggjum; pret. hugði; part. hugt or hugat; pres. reflex. hyggjumk, Stor. 13; pret. hugðumk, Em. 1; pres. 1st pers. hykk = hygg ek, Lex. Poët. passim; and with neg. hykk-at, id.; [Goth. hugjan]:—to think, mean, believe; hugðu þó mjök sér hvárir-tveggju, were of different opinions, Fms. vii. 176; ek hygg at á ekki kaupskip hafi komit jafnmikit fé, Eg. 72; ferr þetta mjök annan veg en ek hugða, 127; minni þurðr en hann kvaðsk hugat hafa, Bs. i. 778; hugði (suspected) því hestvörðrinn úfrið, Fms. ix. 351: to guess, far hyggr þegjanda þörf, a saying, none can make out the wants of the silent, Sól. 28; þær of hugði, made out, Sdm. 13: to observe, muse, sat ek ok hugðak, Hm. 11.
2. to intend, purpose; sóknar-gagna þeirra sem hann hugði fram at færa, Nj. 110; at hann hafi fram færða sókn sem hann hyggr, Grág. i. 60; mæla fagrt en h. flátt, Fms. ii. 91, Hm. 44, 90.
3. to imagine, apprehend; fleiri en þat of hyggi hverr ósviðra apa, Gm. 34; er eigi má eyra heyra né hjarta manns hyggja, Blas. 44; máka ek hyggja hvé …, Korm., Am. 12; þat hugðum vér, at vér hefðim þá höndum himin tekit, Fms. …
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part. minded, intending, Gh. 16.
f. = hyggendi.
f., see hyggindi.
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adj. thoughtless,
n. thoughtlessness.
n. thoughtlessness, Ld. 60.
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að, to give an insight, Þjal. 20.
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f. consideration, K. Á. 104.
(-lda, -ldr), v.
1) to cut up (takit þér Högna ok hyldit með knífi);
~ hval, to flense a whale;
2) refl., ~st, to grow fat, get flesh.
d, [hold], to slash, N. G. L. i. 381, Am. 55; h. hval, Fms. v. 178 (in a verse).
II. reflex. to grow fat, get flesh, K. Þ. K. 130: hyldr, part. fleshy, Grett. 91.
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að, to get flesh.
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f. getting flesh; of-hyldgan, medic.
(hyl, hulda, huliðr and huldr), v. to hide, cover (hann huldi höfuð sitt); fara huldu höfði, to go ‘with the head covered’, in disguise, by stealth.
pres. hyl (hylk = hyl ek, Hbl. 11), pl. hyljum; pret. hulði (huldi); part. huliðr, huldr, and hulinn; [Ulf. huljan = καλύπτειν; A. S. helan; Old Engl. to hele, hull; O. H. G. huljan; Germ. hüllen; Swed. hölja; Dan. hylle and hæle]:—to hide, cover; hylja hann allan, Edda 72; hann hulði höfuð sitt, Fms. x. 255; huldi andlit sitt, 361; hón huldi dúk, bjóð, Rm.; hann huldi hræ hans, Nj. 27, Grág. ii. 88; ok svá mikit hárit at hón mátti h. sik með, Nj. 16: to bury, jörðu hulinn, buried in the earth, Magn. 506; hylja auri, Korm. (in a verse); huliðr sandi, Geisli 25: to conceal, limi okkra hyl ekki, Sks. 504: part. huldr or huliðr, id.; fara huldu höfði, to go with the head covered, i. e. in disguise or by stealth, Eg. 406, Fms. i. 222; cp. huliðshjálmr.
f. hiding, covering.
f. a covering, hiding, Sturl. iii. 234.
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n. a hulk, of an old tub or vessel.
(-ta, -tr), v., ~ sik e-m, to court a person’s friendship, make friends with;
~ fyrir e-m, to recommend one;
refl., ~st e-n = ~ sik e-m;
~st e-n at, to pay homage to.
t, hylda in N. G. L. ii. l. c.; [cp. hollr; Germ. huldigen; Dan. hylde]:—to court a person’s friendship; h. sik fjándmönnum e-s, Fms. vi. 174; h. sik svá við menn, Gþl. 25; h. fyrir e-m, to recommend one, Lv. 6; h. ok samþykkja, N. G. L. ii. 65, 220; h. hug með e-m, to consent, 183.
II. reflex., hyllask e-n at (athyllask, q. v.), to cultivate, pay homage to, Fs. 130, Fms. iv. 448: eccl. to worship, hyllask at Guð, hyllisk nú at Thomas biskup, pray to bishop Thomas! Sturl. iii. 234.
f. favour, grace (hafa guðs ~).
f. favour, grace, Þkv. 29, Fas. ii. 69; Guðs h., Grág. ii. 167, Ísl. ii. 382, passim.
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f. homage.
(-da, -dr), v., h. yfir e-u, to hide, conceal (þarf ekki lengr yfir þessu at h.).
d, [akin to hylja], to hide, conceal; used only as a law phrase, and with the prep. yfir; yfir h. verk sitt, Stj. 42; nú mundi elligar yfir hylmask mál Odds, Fms. vi. 384; þarf ekki lengr yfir þessu at hylma, vii. 20, Fas. i. 195.
f. concealment.
f. a concealing, of a sin, Pass. 5. 3.
(-jar, -ir), m. deep place, pool, in a river (í hylnum undir fossinum).
m., gen. hyljar, pl. ir, [akin to holr], a hole or deep place in a river, e. g. places where trout and salmon lie hidden, Bs. i. 46, Hrafn. 23, Fs. 48: freq. in local names, Skip-hylr (a dock in a river), Þúfu-h., Hörgs-h., D. I.
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m. [from holt; cp. hultiggir in the Golden horn], the ‘holt-dwellers,’ in compds, Hjarð-hyltingar, etc.
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a, m. ‘depth-beater,’ poët. a ship, Edda (Gl.)
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or ymni, proncd. himni, a, m. [a for. word], a hymn, Ám. 54, Bs. hymna-bók, -skrá, f. a hymn book, B. K. 83, Pm. 24, 29; but out of use except in the word hymna-lag, n. a hymn, melody; með hymnalag, Pass. (begin.)
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d, [hund = hundrað], to be multiplied, a απ. λεγ.; unz fé hyndisk, till the money increases, N. G. L. i. 23.
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u, f. [hundr], a little dog, doggie, Mar. 494, v. l.: name of a giantess, whence Hyndlu-ljóð, n. pl. the name of an old song.
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1. að, [hjúpr], to huddle the clothes on; h. sig í fötin, to dress oneself in a hurry.
2. adj. in tötrug-hypja (q. v.), Rm.
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u, f. name of a giantess, Edda.
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pres. hyrr, [hurr], to knock at; hann hyrr hurðir = impingebat in ostia portae of the Vulgate, Stj. 475 (v. l.), 1 Sam. xxi. 13.
f. point of an axe-head.
n, f. [horn], one of the horns or points of an axe-head, öxar-h., Bjarn. 36, Fms. vii. 191, Nj. 198: of a mountain, a peak, freq.: of a house, Hornklofi: a horned ewe is called hyrna; Mó-hyrna, Grá-h.
II. a nickname, Landn.: in compds, Vatns-h., the book from Vatnshorn, etc.
a.
1) horned (hyrnd kýr);
2) angular (þrí-, fer-, átt-~).
adj. horned, Rb. 356, Grág. i. 501, Fms. xi. 6, Stj. 314: angular, mathem., þrí-h., fer-h., átt-h., Alg. 195.
(pl. -ar), f. corner, nook (of a house or room).
f. a corner, nook of a house, Skálda 162, Stj. 152, Eg. 91, Fbr. 168, Grett. 57 new Ed., Fas. ii. 427, Thom. 80.
m.
1) a horned man (a bishop wearing a mitre);
2) angle (þrí-~, triangle).
m. a horned man, used mockingly of a bishop with his crosier; margt mælir h. hjá, Ó. H.; karp þess hyrnings er ér kallit biskup, id.
2. a pr. name, Fb. iii.
II. an angle, mathem.; þrí-hyrningr, a triangle; fer-h., a square; átt-h., an octagon.
(gen. hyrjar), m. fire (poet.).
m., gen. hyrjar, [cp. Ulf. hauri = embers, John xviii. 18, Rom. xii. 20]:—embers of fire, but only in poetry, Vþm. 31, Hdl. 45, Ýt. 20, Haustl. 14, Vellekla, passim, as also in a great many compds denoting weapons (= the fire of the battle or of Odin), or gold (= the fire of the sea), see Lex. Poët. pp. 431–433. Hyrr-okin, the name of a giantess, from hyrr, and rokinn from rjúka, Edda.
n. = hýski.
n. [better hýski, from hús], a household, family, cp. hjú, Edda 5, Hkr. 197, Fms. vi. 368, Al. 21, N. G. L. ii. 473, Hom. 152, Stj. 57; but, in mod. usage at least, used almost exclusively in a low sense, of beggars and low people.
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adj. slothful.
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n. the down of plants, hair, feathers, Lat. lanugo; skalf á hnakka hý, Sturl. i. 22 (in a verse); hý eðr fífa, Stj. 40. hý-nefr, m. downy nose, a nickname of one with a tuft of hair on his nose, Landn.
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part. fledged, Bb. 2. 26.
(-dda, -ddr), v. to flog (= berja húð af e-m).
d, [húð], to flog, Fms. vi. 187, ix. 349, N. G. L. i. 13, 85.
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n. a husk, shell, pod, Lat. legumen.
f. flogging (= húðstroka).
f. a ‘hiding’ (slang Engl.), flogging; sá skal hýðing valda er heimskastr er á þingi, a saying, N. G. L. i. 349, Grág. i. 456, Stj. 396.
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a, m. [hjú], a domestic, servant, Grág. ii. 40, a απ. λεγ.
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d, [húm], to sneak in the dark, Fas. ii. 284; but see híma.
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m. [húm], name of a giant, Edda; Hymis-kviða, u, f. the name of a poem.
a. Hunnish.
adj. [Húnar], Hunnish, Fas. i. 207.
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u, f. a mild expression, sweetness; hýran af henni skein, Stef. Ól.; má ek vel lofa mína hýru (my love), Bb. 3. 27; from the saying, hverr lofar sína hýru, every one praises his love.
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ð, dep. to be gladdened, brighten up; hýrðisk hann skjótt í viðbragði, Fs. 184, freq. in mod. usage.
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f. a kindling, Mar. 23.
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adv. sweetly, with a smiling face, Fas. i. 57, iii. 209, Bs. ii. 55.
a. friendly, smiling.
adj. smiling, sweet, of the eyes, face, Bs. i. 217, freq. in mod. usage.
f. point of an axe-head.
að, to brighten up.
a. smiling, pleasant, mild, friendly (h. í viðbragði).
adj. [O. H. G. ga-hiuri; Germ. ge-heuer], sweet, smiling, mild; Vkv. 15; hægr ok hýrr, Bs. i. 345; þessi dýr vóru hýr, Fas. iii. 78; hýrr ok hug-þekkr, Stj. 588, Bs. ii. 13; hægt og hýrt, Pass. 12. 16; huga-h., 23; bæn af iðrandi hjarta hýr, 40. 6: the saying, vera aldrei með hýrri há, to be never in good cheer, always melancholy: in mod. usage bright, sweet, of the face.
(-ta, -tr), v. to house, harbour.
t, [hús], to house, harbour, Stj. 152, Gþl. 144.
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m. [hý, n.], downy hair on the chin.
n. pl.
1) home, homestead, house (í annarra manna hýbýlum);
2) household.
n. pl. home; see híbýli.
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adj. quite even, Lex. Poët.
f. night of anxious waiting (?).
f. [hjú], the ‘wedding-nights,’ i. e. the three nights either just before or rather just after the wedding (Skm. 42): that they were three is stated in Fas. i. 250 (in a verse), where hýjar-nætr = hýnætr seems to be the true reading; the same number is hinted at in the Skm. l. c.,—hve um þreyjak ‘þrjár.’ May not the Engl. honeymoon be derived from this old word, qs. hýnóttar mánuðr = the wedding-night month?
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n., qs. hýrúgr, [hý-], bearded rye (?), Hm. 138; see haull.
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n. [hjú], a law term, homicide, where the person slain is another person’s bondsman, Grág. ii. 152.
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an interj. of shouting from exultation.
f.
1) height; hann hljóp meirr en h. sína, he could leap more his own height;
2) height, eminence, hill (gengu þeir upp á h. nökkura).
f. [Ulf. hauiþa = υψος and τα υψηλά; A. S. heahðo; Engl. height; Dan. höjde; Germ. höhe; Swed. höjd]:—height; hlaupa hæð sína, Nj. 29; hæð trjánna, Stj. 74; breidd, lengd, þykt, hæð, Alg. 372, passim; manns-hæð, a man’s height; fjalis-hæð: of hair = lengd, Fms. x. 177, etc.
2. a height, hill; hæðir þær er nú heita Hallbjarnar-vörður, Landn. 152; þeir fóru á hæðina, í ena syðri hæðina, því eru þrjár vörður á þeirri hæðinni, 153; sat Ljótr á hæð einni, 147; gengu þeir upp á hæð nokkura, Nj. 267; dalr ok hæð, Fms. ix. 490; hæðir eða haugar, Ó. H. 67; er þeir ganga ofan ór hæð, Stj. 444; skaltú ganga upp á hæð með mér, 443; hólar, hæðir, Núm. 2. 100; leiti né hæðir, Grág. i. 433.
β. a top, summit, Stj. 66; í hæð borgarinnar: of the heaven, Hom. 90; hæðir himna, Hólabók; Faðir á himna hæð, id.; níu eru himnar á hæð talðir, Edda (Gl.); hæða blót, fórnfæring, göfgan, hof, sacrifice, worship, a temple on the high places, Stj. 635, 640, 641.
II. metaph. highness, shrill tone, of the voice, Skálda 175; tala í hæð eða í leynd, to speak aloud or secretly, Sks. …
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(-dda, -ddr), v. to scoff at, mock (~ e-n or ~ at e-m).
d, [háð], to scoff at, mock; with acc., Al. 170, Fms. ii. 46, Stj. 411, 583; also, h. at e-m, Eg. 755; hæðit þit nú at mér, Fms. ii. 101, Flóv. 34, Karl. 477.
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f. a scoffing, Bret. 36, Barl. 125.
a. fond of mocking.
adj. scoffing, Hm. 30.
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adv. mockingly, scornfully, Fms. vi. 110, 152, viii. 171, Stj. 395, 418.
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adj. ludicrous, Fms. i. 14, vii. 210, Sturl. ii. 90, Fs. 159, Orkn. 240, Stj. 396, 431.
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n. pl. taunts, Nj. 27, Korm. 34.
f. mocking, mockery.
f. mockery, scurrility, Fms. iii. 21, Hom. (St.), Pass. 14. 14. hæðnis-gjarn, adj. scoffing, Pass. 27. 3.
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u, f. a foundation; það er engin hæfa fyrir því, there is no foundation for it; ú-hæfa, what is shocking; til-hæfa, a foundation.
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(hœfa), ð, [hóf and hafa], to hit, with acc.; hann hæfði allt þat er hann skaut til, Nj. 29, Fms. i. 9, viii. 140; þeir hæfa aldri dýr, Fas. ii. 543, Fms. viii. 385, Grág. ii. 7, passim: hæfa á e-t, hæfði hann eigi á spjótið, Fms. ii. 250; á sama hæfi ek um draumana, Ld.; hæfa skoti sínu, to take an aim, Þiðr. 94: hæfa til, to aim at, aim; svá hafði smiðrinn til hæft, so well had he aimed, Fms. x. 321; svá hafði hann glöggliga til hæft um gröftinn, vi. 149.
II. with dat., mostly metaph. to moderate, mete out justly; hæfa refsingum, Stj.; hæfa hófi e-s hlutar, to hit the right mean, Grág. xvii, cxv; ek skal þat (því?) hæfa, I will put that right, Lv. 8.
III. to fit; hæfa e-m, hæfðu Kjartani þau, they (the clothes) fitted K., Fms. ii. 79.
2. to behove, be meet; hæfir oss þá eiða vel at halda, Fb. ii. 119; segir varla h. minni fávizku, Fms. i. 140; sva vitr sem spökum konungi hæfði at vera, 259; hvat yðr hæfir at göra, 281; eigi hæfir at drepa svá fríðan svein, 80; svá hæfir eigi, it will not do, xi. 123; skyldir þú kunna þér hóf, hvat þér hæfir, iii. …
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n. fitness; vera við e-s hæfi, to fit one, be convenient, what one can wield, Eg. 109, Fas. ii. 521; ó-hæfi, what is unfit, monstrous. hæfis-liga, adv. fitly, Flóv. 22.
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n. pl. what fits, behoves, Fms. vi. 121, Sturl. i. 60 C.
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f. aiming at; göra h., to aim at, Fas. ii. 344.
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adj. aiming well, making a good hit, Sturl. ii. 135.
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m. a heifer (?), Ýt.
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adj. meet, moderate, Sks. 435, Sturl. iii. 169, Þiðr. 131.
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adv. fitly, Grág. i. 441; ú-hæfiliga, unfitly.
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adj. fit, due, Anecd. 58, 66, Fs. 46, Ísl. ii. 369, Fms. ii. 86, vi. 69, Sks. 13; ú-hæfiligr, unfit.
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f. being hæfinn, Fb. i. 463.
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adj. fit, proper, Fms. xi. 94, Stj. 92: fit for use, Germ. brauchbar, bækr hæfar, opp. to fánýtar, Am. 73; vaðmál hæft til klæða, Grág. ii. 341 B; engu hæfr, useless, worthless, Fms. ii. 123; ú-hæfr, unfit, useless, Karl.
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f. [hog-], ease, facility; með hægð, with ease, easily: in pl. hægðir, medic. stools, hægðar-leikr, m. an easy game; það er enginn hægðarleikr, ‘tis no easy game.
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n. pl. relief (e. g. for the sick and poor); vitja sjúkra ok leita þeim hæginda, 686 B. 2; þá var hœgenda leitað jarli, 623. 31; ó-hægindi, pains, Bs. i. 69, 70; e-m til hæginda, 655 xi. 4; göra e-t til hæginda, to do a thing so as to make matters easier.
2. comforts; auðræði ok h., Bs. i. 68; skiljask við svá mikil hægindi, Sturl. i. 97 C; snúask til hæginda, to turn to advantage, for the better, Fms. vii. 263; með hægindum, Sturl. i. 60, (better hæfindum, C.)
II. sing. a bolster, pillow, cushion; áttján skinnbeðir, hálfr fjórði tigr hæginda, Dipl. iii. 4; undir hægindit í hvíluna, Eg. 567; hón vildi vekja hann ok tekr eitt h. lítið ok kastar í andlit honum, Ísl. ii. 393; dýnur ok h., Eb. 96, 264, Fms. vii. 197, 198, xi. 290, Hom. 95; hægindis-ver, a pillow case, Dipl. iii. 4, v. 18.
III. eccl. hægindi or hægindis-kirkja, u. f. a private chapel; N. G. L. i. 8 distinguishes between a fjórðungs-, áttúngs-, héraðs-, and hægindis-kirkja; ef maðr görir sér hægindis-kirkju á jörð sinni, 344. hægindis-prestr, m. a priest in such a chapel, N. …
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ð, to abate, with dat.; hægja rás sinni, to slacken one’s course, Landn. 251, passim.
2. metaph. to relieve; h. válaði sitt (sínu), 655 iii. 1: to seek relief for one, of a sick person, var þeim hægt í öllu sem mátti, Fms. xi. 290.
II. impers., of a storm or high sea, to abate; veðrið hægir, það er farið að hægja; as also,
III. reflex. to abate; sjór tók at hægjask, Fms. x. 150: to get smoother, kann vera at hægisk ráðit, Band. 8; er Guð vill láta nokkurn veg hægjask um hans mál, Fms. viii. 19: impers., eptir allt þetta hægisk Fróða lítið, F. became more at ease, Fas. i. 5.
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adj. [hóg-], easy, convenient, Germ. behaglich, Fms. vi. 240, 261, viii. 154; e-m er e-t hægt, Eg. 507; h. ok mjúkr, Fms. ii. 201; sem honum var hægt, at his ease, Sturl. i. 197 C; hæg hvíla, Fms. xi. 290; hægjar náðir, Stj. 420; taka hæga hvíld, Sks. 42; ef honum þykir sér þat hægt, Grág. i. 355; er þeim þykir sér hægst, 486; ykkr er þat hægst um hönd, it is most at hand for you, Nj. 25: hægr byrr, a gentle, fair wind; hægja byri, Fms. ix. 497, Fas. ii. 520; hafa útivist skamma ok hægja, Fms. i. 285; ekki var samlag þeirra hægt, they were not on good terms, Sturl. i. 139 C; hinn síðara vetrinn var hægra með þeim = they lived on better terms, id.: medic. painless, hæg sótt: gentle, hægr sem sauðr, Bær. 11; hægr ok hýrr, Bs. i. 345; hægr ok hógvær, Fms. x. 409; hægr í biðum, long-suffering, Lv. 75; hægr viðskiptis, Fms. xi. 91.
B. Compar. hægri, [Dan. höjre; Swed. högra]:—the right hand, opp. to vinstri, the left; skógrinn var til hægra vegs, on the right hand, Eg. 295; hægri hendi, Fær. 76, Ls. 61, Fms. vi. 165, Nj. 28; hægri handar, Hom. 102; hægri fótr, N. G. L. …
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adv. with ease, gently, Karl. 508, Odd. 2; lifa h., Hom. (St.); sættask h., readily, Lv. 75; sem hægligast, Finnb. 336.
2. easily; eg get það h., freq. in mod. usage.
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adj. easy, convenient; h. umbúnaðr, Odd. 2, 4, Barl. 9; h. samfarir, Sturl. ii. 148; h. færi, Fms. vii. 30.
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n. an easy life, Str. 36, Stj. 36, 423, Barl. 9, Hkr. ii. 38; ár mikit ok h., Orkn. 6 old Ed.
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adj. = hógværr, Barl. 119.
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m. [hykjel, Ivar Aasen], a ‘hough,’ or hind-leg, of a hide; flá af heming fyrir ofan hækilinn, N. G. L. i. 209: freq. in mod. usage, but only of a skin: a nickname, Fms. ix.
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adj. bowed, crouching, Band. 8.
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adj. [Ivar Aasen hæken; Dan. higen], greedy, voracious, Merl., Bret. (1849) 44.
adv. vehemently.
adv. [hákr], voraciously, savagely, Róm. 353.
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u, f. a crutch, Grett. 161, Mag. 66, Fb. i. 210, Fas. iii. 154; ganga á hækjum, to go on crutches.
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að, [hár], to become higher, to rise, of a hill; fjallið hækkar, opp. to lækka, to become lower, to drop.
2. causal, to heighten.
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d, to kick with the heel, N. G. L. i. 164.
2. to secure by a peg.
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(hœla), d, [hól], to praise, flatter, with dat., Eb. 164; hrósa ok hæla e-u, Karl. 438: to glory, boast, hann hældi, at Haraldr hefði hefnt Gamla, Fms. i. 48; eigi má ek af því hæla, Lv. 10, passim.
II. reflex. to boast, vaunt; hælumk minnst í máli, Fms. viii. (in a verse): hælask e-u, to glory in a thing, 85, Karl. 412, Fagrsk. 93, Nj. 204, 237: hælask um e-t, to brag about, 54, Grág. ii. 145, Karl. 372, Valla L. 212: hælask af e-u, to boast of, 655 xx. 8: absol., Grág. ii. 145, Thom. 84: hælask við e-n, to boast over one, Grett. 128, Fms. vi. 399.
n. shelter, refuge; leita s ér hælis, to seek for shelter.
n. a shelter, refuge; leita sér hælis, eiga hæli, Fms. i. 210, vi. 74, xi. 367, Eg. 139, Barl. 118, Rd. 258. hælis-lauss, adj. homeless, helpless.
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adj. boasting, Sks. 383, Þórð. 29 new Ed.; sjálf-h., id.
I)
(-s, -ar), m. heel;
hlaupa (fara, ganga) á hæla e-m, to follow at one’s heels;
hurð felir (lýkst) á hæla e-m, the door shuts (closes) upon one’s heels;
fara aptr á hæli, to return immediately;
hopa (fara) á hæl fyrir e-m, to retreat, recede before one.
II)
(-s, -ar), m.
1) peg, pin;
2) handle in a scythe-shaft (orf-~).
III)
m. a widow whose husband has been slain in battle.
m. [Engl. heel, cp. Lat. calx: this is a Scandin. word, for the A. S. term is hóh, the Goth. fairzna,, the Germ. fersen]:—the heel, Bs. i. 423, Hým. 34, N. G. L. i. 339, Stj. 37, passim.
2. in phrases, hlaupa á hæla e-m, to follow at one’s heels, Nj. 202; falla á hæla e-m, to shut upon one’s heels, of a door; fara, ganga á hæla e-m, Edda 2, Fms. v. 316, viii. 36; fara aptr á hæli, to return immediately, like the Gr. κατα ποδας, Gísl. 272; mod. um hæl, adverb., in return, e. g. skrifa um hæl aptr, to write by return of post; hopa, fara (undan) á hæli, or á hæl, to recede, draw back, Eg. 296, 506, Fms. vii. 70, 298, viii. 134, x. 139, xi. 95, Bret. 46, Nj. 258, Karl. 375; milli hæls ok hnakka, between heel and neck: brjótask um á hæl ok hnakka, to struggle heel and neck, of one restless in sleep:—proverb. phrases, hann stígr aldrei þangat tánum sem hinn hafði hælana, he will never reach with his toes where the other had his heels, i. e. he is far inferior to his predecessor; það er undir hælinn lagt, it is laid under one’s heel, i. e. ‘tis very uncertain. …
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f. vain-glory, boasting, Sks. 703, Str. 74, Karl. 367, Hom. 24, 86; sjálf-hælni, self-praise.
n. heel bone.
n. the heel bone, Fms. vi. 15, Fas. ii. 354, Þiðr. 86.
m. heel-biter.
m. a heel biter, Hbl.
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1. u, f. a kicking with the heel, Mag. 63.
2. drap, to kick with the heel, Stj. 431.
m. ‘heel-crook’, catch with the heel (a trick in wrestling).
m. ‘heel-crook,’ back-heel, a trick in wrestling, Fas. iii. 392, 547.
a. reaching down to the heels (~ kyrtill).
adj. ‘heel-long,’ of a garment, 625. 183, Stj. 194.
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m. the place of the heel, N. G. L. i. 339.
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d, to allure, attract; hæna e-n að sér: reflex., hænast að e-m, to take a liking for one; a mod. word.
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(hœna), u, f. [hani, formed on the same analogy as dal and dæl, hag and hóg]:—a hen, Al. 160, Fms. vii. 116, Fs. 156, Stj. 3, passim: in pr. names, Lopt-hana, Skálp-h., Landn.
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m. a bird, the kittywake (?), Edda (Gl.)
m. male salmon.
m., older and better hæingr, m. a male salmon, called hungell in Shetl., Edda (Gl.), Fb. ii. 520 (in a verse) spelt hængs, Fas. ii. 112, freq. in mod. usage: a nickname, Landn.
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m. the name of the mythol. god Hænir, Vsp., Edda, Clem. 44.
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(hœns), n. pl., mod. hænsn or hænsni, also spelt hæsn, K. Þ. K. 34 new Ed., Hkr. iii. 62; [Dan.-Swed. höns]:—hens, fowls, poultry, Bret. 32, K. Á. 196, Ísl. ii. 124, Karl. 472, Rétt. 70, passim; Hænsa-Þórir, Thorir the poulterer, a nickname, Ísl. ii, whence the name of the Saga.
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n. feathers of poultry, Þorf. Karl. 374.
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n. adj. doubtful: in the phrase, það er hæpið, ‘tis very uncertain: prop. scanty, a corrupt form for hneppt, qs. hept, as the word is indeed spelt in Grett. 169 new Ed., whence hæpið.
f. hoariness, grey hair (skegg hvítt af hæru); fá elli ok hæru, to live to a hoary old age; esp. in pl., grár (hvítr) fyrir (or af) hærum, white with grey hair.
u, f. grey hair, hoariness; ok hæra nekver í hári hans, Post. 645. 66; skegg hvítt af hæru, Ísl. ii. 438; fá elli ok hæru, to live to a hoary old age, Hkr. i. 123: in plur., hafa hærur í höfði, Grett. 16, 20 new Ed.; hvítar hærur, Barl. 119: esp. in pl., in phrases as, grár, hvítr, snjóhvítr fyrir hærum, Fas. ii. 557, Fms. viii. 25, Eb. 330, Stj. 447; hár hvítt af hærum, Karl. 280; hvítr af hærum, Fms. vii. 321 (v. l.), Barl. 15: the phrase, kemba ekki hærur, to comb no grey hairs, of one who dies in the prime of life; hann kembdi ekki hærur í húsi sínu, Od. viii. 226.
COMPDS: hærukarl, hærukollr, hærulangr, hæruskeggi.
II. = hár, hair, esp. the long hair of wool, whence hæru-poki, a, m. a hair-poke, bag made of hair.
a. haired; h. vel, having-fine hair; h. mjök, having much hair.
part. haired, hairy; hærð kvenna bezt, Korm. 24, Landn. 151; vel h., Fms. vii. 199, Nj. 39.
m. hoary (old) man.
m. a hoary man; svá öttum vér hæringinum nú at hann lá eptir, referring to the death of earl Erling, Fms. viii. 104, v. l.:—a pr. name, Landn.
m. = hæringr.
m. a hoary carle, Grett. 143, Barl. 94.
m. hoary head, a nickname.
m. hoary head, a nickname, Grett.
a. having long grey hair.
adj. ‘long-hoary,’ a nickname, Grett.
m. hoary beard.
a, m. a hoary beard, Clem. 32.
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f. [háss], hoarseness, Mar.
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(hœta), t, [hót; Uif. hwôtian = ἐπιτιμαν; early Dan. höde]:—to threaten, with dat. of the person and thing; h. e-m e-u, Ls. 62, Fms. vii. 220, ix. 18, x. 316, Fs. 35, 165, Karl. 397, 437, Þiðr. 225, Al. 47, Ölk. 35; see hóta.
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n. = hot, a whit; ekki einu hæti betr.
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f. a threat, Stj. 35: taunts, Hbl. 53, where masc.
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adj. threatening, Karl. 491.
I)
(-tta, -tt), v. to leave of, with dat. (h. heyverkum); with infin. to cease (h. at tala).
II)
(-tta, -tt), v. to risk, venture, stake, with dat. (L. vildi eigi út h. sínum mönnum); h. til þess virðing þinni, to stake thy honour on it; impers., litlu hættir nú til, there is but small risk; absol., hefir sá er hættir, he wins who risks, ‘nothing venture nothing have’; h. til e-s, to risk a thing (vil ek heldr til þess h. en hitt spyrist áönnur lönd); h. á e-t, to risk (kváðust á það mundu h. at berjast); to venture upon, to trust to (h. á miskunn e-s); h. e-u undir e-n, to depend on one for a thing.
III)
f. danger, peril; eiga mikit íhættu, to run a great risk; leggja e-t í hættu, to expose to risk or danger (leggja sik, líf sitt, fé sitt, í hættu); leggja á þá hættu, to run the risk.
u. f. danger, peril, Fms. iv. 122, 132; leggja á hættu, to run a risk, Eg. 86, 719; leggja sik, líf sitt í hættu, Fs. 4, 21, 41, Fms. iv. 86; eiga mikit í hættu, to run a great risk, Nj. 16, Fms. x. 232.
COMPDS: hættuefni, hættuferð, hættulauss, hættuligr, hættulítill, hættumikill, hætturáð.
I)
(-tta, -tt), v. to leave of, with dat. (h. heyverkum); with infin. to cease (h. at tala).
II)
(-tta, -tt), v. to risk, venture, stake, with dat. (L. vildi eigi út h. sínum mönnum); h. til þess virðing þinni, to stake thy honour on it; impers., litlu hættir nú til, there is but small risk; absol., hefir sá er hættir, he wins who risks, ‘nothing venture nothing have’; h. til e-s, to risk a thing (vil ek heldr til þess h. en hitt spyrist áönnur lönd); h. á e-t, to risk (kváðust á það mundu h. at berjast); to venture upon, to trust to (h. á miskunn e-s); h. e-u undir e-n, to depend on one for a thing.
III)
f. danger, peril; eiga mikit íhættu, to run a great risk; leggja e-t í hættu, to expose to risk or danger (leggja sik, líf sitt, fé sitt, í hættu); leggja á þá hættu, to run the risk.
1. t, to risk, stake, with dat., Hm. 106; hætta út mönnum sínum, Sd. 153; hætta til þess virðing þinni, to stake thy honour on it, Eg. 719; hættið þit ok mestu til hversu ferr, Nj. 49; litlu hættir nú til, there is but small risk, Fms. vi. 243: absol., hefir sá er hættir, he wins who risks, ‘nothing venture nothing have,’ Bjarn. 7, Hrafn. 16.
2. with prepp.; hætta á e-t, to venture on a thing (áhætta, q. v.), Nj. 48; hætta á vald e-s, Fms. xi. 285: h. til e-s, id., Eg. 57, Nj. 73; eigi veit til hvers happs hættir, Sturl. iii. 228; kvað þar hóflangt til hætta, 44.
2. t, to leave off, with dat.; hætta seið, to leave off witchcraft, Fms. i. 10; hann bað bændr h. storminum, 36; h. heyverkum, Nj. 103; h. máli, 10: absol. to leave off, desist, Hákon bað hann h., Fms. vii. 154; heldr vildu vér h., N. G. L. i. 348: with infin., h. at tala, Fb. ii. 83:—impers., hætti þysnum, the tumult ceased, Fms. vi. 16.
f. danger, risk.
f. danger, risk, Fms. viii. 431, Hkr. ii. 79, Lex. Poët.; hættingar-ferð, f. = hættuferð, Fms. viii. 431.
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adj. [háttr], behaving so and so; ílla h., Sks. 239.
a.
1) dangerous (slíkr maðr er hættastr, ef);
2) dangerously ill (vera, liggja, h.);
3) exposed to danger; ekki h. fyrir vápnum, proof against weapons;
4) e-m er hætt við e-u, one is in danger of; var Þuríði við engu meini hætt, Thurid was out of danger;
5) doubtful, uncertain.
1. adj. dangerous; slíkr maðr er hættastr, ef hann vill sik til þess hafa at göra þér mein, Fms. i. 199; grýttu þeir þaðan á þá, var þat miklu hættara, Eg. 581.
2. exposed to danger; hest þarf svá at búa, at ekki sé hann hættr fyrir vápnum, Sks. 403.
3. medic., hættr við dauða, dangerously ill, Jb. 406; þá er herra Rafn var mjök hættr, when R. was sinking fast, Bs. i. 784; hón lá hætt, Korm. 164, (einhættr, q. v.): in mod. times hætt is used indecl., hann, hón, liggr hætt; þeir, þær liggja hætt, he, she, they lie dangerously ill.
4. neut., e-m er hætt við e-u, to be in danger of; var Þuríði við engu meini hætt, Th. was out of danger, Ísl. ii. 340; mun Þorkatli bróður þínum við engu hætt? Gísl. 28; nú hyggr maðr sér hætt við bana, Grág. i. 497; öðrum ætlaða ek þat mundi hættara en mér, methought that would be more dangerous to others than to me, Nj. 85, 260.
2. part. of hætta, having left off, having done; eg er hættr að lesa, I have left off reading.
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f. pl. [hætta], the time of leaving off work and going to bed, used chiefly of dairy and household work (cp. the Homeric βουλυτός); hafa góðar hættur, to go early to bed; seinar hættur, being late at work.
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n. a dangerous matter, Fs. 57.
f. dangerous journey.
-för, f. a dangerous exploit, Fs. 50, Fms. iv. 135, viii. 431, Nj. 261.
a. free from danger, without danger.
adj. free from danger, without danger, Fms. iii. 155, Bs. i. 286.
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adj. (hættu-liga, adv.), dangerous.
a. little dangerous.
adj. with little danger, Sturl. iii. 68, 71.
a. very dangerous.
adj. very dangerous, Nj. 149.
n. dangerous plan.
n. a dangerous plan, Lv. 22.
(see leggja), v. to risk.
lagði, to risk, Bs. ii. 66.
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m. danger, Grág. i. 383.
adv. dangerously.
adv. dangerously, Fms. viii. 144, Stj. 189.
a. dangerous; kölluðu hættligan mátt hans, they said that he was sinking fast.
adj. dangerous, serious, Fær. 263, Fms. viii. 98, ix. 291, xi. 367, Bs. i. 536, 766, Edda 36, Stj. 604; þá er ok hættligt, ‘tis to be feared, 686 B. 5; í hættligra lagi, in a dangerous case, Lv. 86:—medic. = hættr, kölluðu hættligan mátt hans, they said that he was sinking fast, Fms. ix. 390.
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u, f., höveski, Sks. 273, 274, 276 B; also spelt hoverska; [a for. word from mid. H. G. hovesch; Germ. höflich, etc.]:—courtesy, good manners, esp. in regard to behaviour at table and the like; íþróttir ok h., Fms. i. 78; siðir ok h., vi. 71; þat er h. at hann kunni hversu hann skal haga klæðum sínum, Sks. 433; þat er h. at vera blíðr ok léttlátr, 264, 432; h. eða góðir siðir, 266: in mod. usage, of priggish ceremonies: fashion, höttr uppá hövesku Franseisa, Karl. 178. hæversku-lauss, adj. rude, Sks. 246.
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adj., also spelt heyveskr, Str. 75, or heyskr, Art.:—well-mannered, polite, Fms. ii. 133, vi. 1, Sks. 246, 276, 277; h. siðir, polite manners, Sks. 8.
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adv. courteously, politely, Fas. i. 460, Odd. 30: fashionably, h. klædd, Fms. ii. 187.
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adj. well-mannered, polite, Fms. vi. 131; h. siðr, Al. 4.
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f. [A. S. heaðu- in several poët. compds; cp. Sansk. çatru and çâtayâmi; Lat. caedo; Gr. κότος]:—war, slaughter, but only in compd pr. names, Höð-broddr, Fb.; Höð, f. the name of a Valkyria (also Geira-höð), Gm.: as also of a woman, but mythical, Fas.: the name of an island in Norway: Höðr, m., gen. Haðar, dat. Heði, the name of the blind brother and ‘slayer’ of Baldr, the ‘fratricide’ or ‘Cain’ of the Edda, Vsp. 37, Vtkv. 9, Edda 17, 56: also the name of a mythol. king, whence Heðir, pl. a Norse people; and Haða-land, the county, Fb. iii. Haðar-lag, n. the metre of Höd, a kind of metre, Edda.
n. female kid, young she-goat (cf. haðna).
n. (= haðna), a young kid, Gullþ. 19, Rd. 267.
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f., poët. ‘kid’s food,’ a withe or switch, used as a halter (?), Ýt. 12 (from goats feeding on branches and withes?)
(að), v.
1) to cut the head off (h. fisk), to behead;
2) h. mál (sök) áhönd (á hendr) e-m, to bring an action against one.
að, [höfuð], to ‘head,’ but esp. used as a law term, to sue, prosecute; h. mál, sök á hönd e-m, to bring an action against, Grág. i. 19, 81, 142, Nj. 234, Fms. vii. 133, passim.
II. to behead (= afhöfða;) h. fisk, Fas. i. 489: to execute, Karl. 371.
pp. headed (h. sem hundr; cf. tví-, þrí-~).
part. headed so and so; h. sem hundr, 310. 99.
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u, f. name of a ship, Fms. viii.
f. head-board of a bedstead.
f. the head-board of a bedstead, Sturl. ii. 50, Fas. i. 489, Fb. ii. 297; opp. to fótafjöl, q. v.
n. bed’s head.
n. the head of a bedstead, Fas. iii. 543; brast upp þilfjöl at höfðum Þorsteins, Fms. iii. 196.
n. a ship with an ornamental prow.
n. a ship with a beak, Fms. ii. 302, Fb. iii. 448.
n. ‘tale of heads’, number of persons, etc.
n. a ‘tale of heads’ Gþl. 396, Al. 75, Sks. 340.
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u, f. = höfðatal.
I) m. headland.
II) from höfuð, head.
a, m. a headland, Landn. 54, Fb. i. 541, 542, Eb. 62, Rd. 267, Krók. 46, 52.
II. local name of a farm, whence Höfða-menn, m. pl. the men from Höfði, Landn.
III. a carved head, ship’s beak; amb-höfði, hjart-h., arn-h., hest-h., karl-h., orkn-h., svín-h.; whence höfða-skip, n. a ship with beaks.
(pl. -jar), m.
1) chief, leader; h. þeirrar ráðagørðar, at the head of that plan;
2) captain, commander (K. var h. yfir þeim her);
3) chief, ruler, esp. in pl., men of rank or authority (höfðingjar ok góðir menn; hann gørðist þá h. mikill).
a, m. a head, chief; Þórðr Gellir varð h. at sökinni, Íb. 8; formaðr eða h., 671. 5; sá er h. görisk í (ringleader), N. G. L. i. 313, Gþl. 387; h. ráða-görðar, Eg. 48; h. fyrir útferð Gerhardi ábóta, Mar.
2. a captain, commander; setti konungr þar yfir höfðingja Þórólf ok Egil, Eg. 272; víkinga-höfðingi, Fms. vi. 389; at allir höfðingjarnir fari frá liðinu, xi. 134; ok kvað Ketil Flatnef skyldu höfðingja vera yfir þeim her, Eb. 2; hers-h., hundraðs-h., sveitar-h., q. v.
3. a ruler, used of all governors from a king downwards; esp. in pl., the gentry, opp. to almúgi, the common people; höfðingjar ok góðir menn, Íb. 14; höfðingjar ok ríkis-menn, 13; Ísleifr átti þrjá sonu, þeir urðu allir höfðingjar nýtir, 14, 17; hann lagði undir sik Suðreyjar ok görðisk h. yfir, sættisk hann þá við hina stærstu hofðingja fyrir vestan hatit … at Ketill var h. í Suðreyjum, Eb. 4; Hrólfr var h. mikill, 6; þá er Gizurr biskup andaðisk vóru þessir mestir höfðingiar á Íslandi, Bs. i. 31; þessir vóru þá stærstir höfðingjar á landinu, 4; hann var ríkr h., Nj. 1; biðja alla höfðingja liðsinnis, 213; auðigr at fé ok h. mikill, Ísl. ii. 290; …
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f. love for one’s chief.
f. love for one’s chief, Fb. i. 499.
n. the bearing of a chief (hafa ~ á sér).
n., -bragr, m. the manners of a h., Ísl. ii. 204: a noble feat, Orkn. 144.
a. frank and bold in one’s intercourse with the great.
adj. frank and bold in one’s intercourse with the great, Fms. ii. 15, vi. 205, vii. 162.
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m., -dæmi, n. dominion, power, Stj. 85, 226, Barl. 169, Hom. 2.
n. a hopeful man for a chief (L. þótti bezt ~ austr þar).
n.; gott h., Nj. 174.
m. meeting of chiefs.
m. a meeting of chiefs, Fms. ix. 324.
m. a chief’s lot or share.
m. a chief’s lot or share, Orkn. 306.
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n. noble kin.
a. in favour with the great.
adj. in favour with the great, Ó. H. 59.
a. chiefless.
adj. chiefless, Fms. i. 220, vii. 182.
n. chiefs standard.
n. a chief’s standard, Fms. viii. 356.
n. chiefs title.
n. a chief’s title, Hkr. iii. 195, Fms. xi. 62.
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m. = höfðingskapr, Sks. 479, 610.
n. change of rulers.
n. change of chief or king, Germ. Thronwechsel, Nj. 41, 156.
m. son of a chief.
m. the son of a h., Hrafn. 14.
f. = höfðingjafundr.
u, f. = höfðingjafundr, Hkr. iii. 146.
m. support of great folk.
m. the support of great folk, Fms. i. 221.
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n. chosen people, Stj. 628.
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n. power, empire, rule, Rb. 374, 655 xiv. 3.
f. noble extraction, high birth.
f. noble extraction, high birth, Magn. 466, Sks. 616.
adv. nobly, generously.
adv. in princely wise, nobly, generously, Eg. 410, Nj. 228, 254, Orkn. 144.
a. princely, noble.
adj. princely, noble, magnificent, Fms. vi. 206, vii. 63, ix. 277, Stj. 207, passim.
m.
1) power, dominion;
2) authority, prestige;
3) liberality, generosity.
m. power, dominion, Sturl. i. 213, Sks. 610, Fms. xi. 205: authority, prestige, Nj. 33, 266: liberality, magnificence, Fms. vii. 65.
(að), v. to make heavy; impers., e-m (or e-n) ~r, one becomes heavy with sleep.
að, to make heavy, weight, Greg. 80; þeir höfgaðu hirzlur þeirra með grjóti, 656 B. 1.
II. impers., e-m höfgar, to become heavy, sleepy, Fas. iii. 526, Bs. i. 354: with acc., 369.
III. reflex. to grow heavy, increase, 655 vii. 4.
m.
1) heaviness, weight;
2) sleep, nap (rann á hann h.); drowsiness (sló á þá höfga svá miklum, at þeir máttu eigi vöku halda).
a, m. heaviness, weight; h. jarðar, Sks. 627; h. krossins, Hom. 103; gefa e-m höfga, to weigh upon one, Anecd. 20.
II. metaph. a sleep, nap, Fb. i. 542; léttr h., Th. 77; rann h. á Svein, Fms. xi. 288; svefn-h., ómegins-h. höfga-vara, u, f. heavy wares, Grág. ii. 402.
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or höfugr, adj., acc. contr. höfgan, höfgir, höfgum, [A. S. heafig]:—heavy, Hkr. iii. 199; h. steinn, Bs. i. 640; höfug byrðr, Grág. ii. 166, Fms. x. 203, Hkr. iii. 184: neut., hann kvað svá höfugt á sér, at hann mátti hvergi hrærask, Sturl. i. 119 C.
2. heavy with sleep, sleepy; e-m er höfugt, Fms. viii. 89, 655 iii. 2; svefn-höfugt.
II. metaph. hard, rude; höfigt orð, Bs. i. 341: heavy, difficult, 169: irksome, 155.
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adj. heavy to bear, Greg. 43.
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m. heaviness, Edda 4.
(gen. hafnar, pl. hafnir), f.
1) haven, harbour;
2) fœtus (á þann hátt sem h. vex með konu);
3) coat, cloak, = yfirhöfn (hann tók af sér höfnina ok sveipaði um konunginn);
4) tenure of land (jarðar h.);
5) crew, = skipshöfn.
f., also spelt hömn, gen. hafnar; [hafa]:
1. a holding, possession, esp. tenure of land; þá skal þeim dæma eingis-höfnina er heimild kemr til, Grág. (Kb.) ii. 86; jarðar h., tenure of land; at jarðar-höfn ok at fjár-megni, N. G. L. ii. 38; nú skal görðum skipta eptir jarðar-höfn ok öllum áverka, 122; hafnar-vitni, testimony as to tenure of land, opp. to óðals-vitni, N. G. L. i. 246, 247: the allit. phrase, hönd ok höfn, hand and having, absolute power; nema þeim sem hann leggr hendr ok höfn sem hann vill, cp. Dan. ‘skalte og valte med,’ Bs. i. 706, v. l.,—no emend. seems necessary.
2. a foetus; lýstr maðr kviðuga konu, svá at höfn sú deyr, er hón ferr með ok skilsk hón við höfnina, Stj. 302; taka við höfn, Lat. concipere, Flóv., Bs. ii. 173, Hom. (St.): the time of pregnancy, á enum níunda mánaði hafnarinnar, 686 B. 14.
3. pasture; sauða-höfn í Múla-fjall, Vm. 64; nauta tröð ok hömn, N. G. L. i. 379, D. N. ii. 146, iii. 120.
4. a coat, cp. Lat. habitus, esp. = a cloak; hann tók af sér höfnina ok sveipaði um konunginn, Fms. …
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f. = hafnan, q. v.
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m. a dolphin, prop. a ‘he-goat,’ from hafr, because of the dolphin’s tumbling; the word is not found in old writers. höfrunga-hlaup, n. a kind of athletic sport, ‘dolphin-leap,’ a kind of leap-frog.
(dat. höfði, gen. pl. höfða), n.
1) head (höggva ~ af e-m);
láta e-n höfði skemmra, to behead one;
strjúka aldrei um frjálst ~, to be never free, never at ease;
skera e-m ~, to make a wry face at one;
heita í ~ e-m, to be called after a person;
hætta höfði, to risk one’s life;
leggja við ~ sitt, to stake one’s head;
fœra e-m ~ sitt, to surrender oneself to an enemy;
drepa niðr höfði, to droop the head;
þoku hóf af höfði, the fog lifted;
stíga yfir ~ e-m, to overcome one;
hlaða helium að höfði e-m, to leave one dead on the spot;
ganga milli bols ok ~s e-s or á e-m, to hew of one’s head, to kill outright;
senda e-n til ~s e-m, to send one to take another’s head;
leggja fé til ~s e-m, to set a price on one’s head;
leggjast e-t undir ~, to put aside, neglect (Þ. lagðist eigi þessa ferð undir ~);
vera höfði hærri, to be taller by a head;
2) head, chief (~ lendra manna);
Þrándheimr hefir lengi verið kallaðr ~ Noregs, the chief district of Norway;
3) ornamental prow of a ship (skip með gyltum höfðum);
ornamental head on a bridle (slitnaði sundr beizlit, ok týndist ~, er á var). …
n., dat. höfði; gen. pl. höfða, dat. höfðum; in Norse MSS. often spelt hafuð, Anecd. 4 (without umlaut); the root-vowel seems in very early times (8th century) to have been a diphthong; thus Bragi uses the rhymes, laufi—haufði, and rauf—haufuð, Edda; the old ditty with a half rhyme, höfðu vér í haufði, Hkr. i. 104, wou’d be faulty unless we accept a diphthong in the latter word: in good old MSS. (e. g. Sæm. Cod. Reg.) the word is always spelt with ꜹ or au, never o, and probably never had a diphthongal sound; the Norse spelling havuð however points to a short vowel; and later Icel. MSS. spell o or , e. g. Hb. in Vsp. l. c. It is probable that the short vowel originated in the contracted form, as haufði sounds hard; [cp. Goth. haubiþ; A. S. heâfod; Engl. head; Hel. hôbid; O. H. G. houpit; mid. H. G. houbet; mod. G. haupt; Dan. hôved; Swed. hufvud; Ormul. hæfedd (the single f marks a preceding long vowel); thus all old Teut. languages except the Icel. agree in the length of the vowel, whereas Lat. căput, Gr. κεφαλή have a short root vowel. …
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m. an agnate, N. G. L. i. 28, Js. 61.
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n. the place of the h., N. G. L. i. 335.
m. head-man, leader, chief (vel til fallinn at vera ~).
m. a head-man, chief, leader, Fms. x. 40, xi. 243, Hkr. i. 139; in Icel. in the 16th and 17th centuries this was the title of the governor, see hirðstjóri.
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n. a chief point.
f. chief river.
f. a chief river, Stj. 68.
m. archangel.
m. an archangel, Greg. 35, Hom. 145.
f. cardinal point.
f. one of the cardinal points, Rb. 440, Hkr. i. 49.
m. the ‘head stem’, agnate lineage.
(Ad. 19, Eg. 316 (in a verse), Edda Ht.), m. the head stem, a Norse law term of an agnate lineage, opp. to kvennsift (q. v.), N. G. L. i. 49, 52, Edda.
n. head-band, snood, fillet.
n. a head-band, snood, Edda 71.
m. death, destruction.
a, m. (and höfuðs-bani), ‘head’s-bane,’ death, destruction; tunga er h., a saying, Hm. 72, Landn. 307, Edda 73, Nj. 68, 71, Ld. 132, 246.
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older
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m. the head-ring, in weregild. see baugr, a law term in Grág. ii. 171.
n. pl. head-bones.
n. head-bones, Fms. vi. 30, Bs. i. 178, Grett.
f.
1) naut. slay, shroud;
2) fig. stay, support.
u, f. ‘head-rope’ naut. the stays, Bær. 5, Fær. 164, Fas. iii. 118, N. G. L. i. 199, ii. 283, Krók. 59: metaph. a stay, help, Fms. vii. 362, Finnb. 298; fá sér nokkura höfuðbendu, Fms. iv. 79.
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a, m. the chief cross-beam in a ship.
n. chief sacrifice.
n. the chief sacrifice, Hkr. ii. 97, Rb. 412.
f. head town, capital.
f. a ‘head-burgh,’ metropolis, Fms. i. 101, Rb. 398.
n. chief estate, manorial estate.
n. a manor, domain, Gþl. 233, N. G. L. i. 43, Fms. x. 393.
m. ‘bearing of the head’, fig. honour, credit, prestige;
e-m er lítill höfuðburðn at e-u, it does him little honour (credit).
m. the bearing of the head: metaph. help, backing, support, lízt mér sem lítill h. muni mér at því, it will be of little avail for me, Ísl. ii. 125, Bs. i. 464, ii. 156, Sturl. i. 209, Fms. x. 170, Fs. 123, Mar.
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höfuð-búningr, m. head-gear, Stj. 627, Sks. 225.
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n. = höfuðból, Gþl. 387, Fagrsk. 57.
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m. = höfuðbúl, Fms. x. 265, xi. 422.
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m. ‘Head-day,’ i. e. Aug. 29, the Beheading of St. John Baptist.
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f. a sovereign queen, Sks. 759.
m. head-kerchief, hood.
m. a head-kerchief, hood, Nj. 200, Stj. 208, Gísl. 21, Þiðr. 226, D. N. iii. 106, iv. 217.
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n. = höfuðskepna, Hb.
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m. an archangel, Nj. 157, Hom. 133.
m. protector, patron.
m. a patriarch: a father of the church, Stj. 87, 132, Al. 64, Niðrst. 10, Fb. i. 264.
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m. = höfuðdúkr, Str. 82.
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m. head-gear, D. N. v. 263.
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m. pl. the head-piece of a bridle, Ýt. 10.
n. pl. great scandal.
f. a great scandal, Fb. iii. 327.
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m. a great fool, 4. 20.
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f. (Dan. hoved-gjerde), the head of a bedstead, Mar.
f. great jewel.
f. a great jewel, Hkr. i. 264.
a. n. fatal, dangerous to one’s life.
n. adj. fatal, dangerous to one’s life; at honum mundi h. verða, Fb iii. 550; segir mér svá hugr um, at h. (höfuðgrant, Ed.) verði nokkurum vina Páls, ef …, Sturl. i. 104.
f. capital gift.
f. a capital gift, Sks. 609, 738.
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m. a capital sin, Sks. 332, Mar.
n. principal god.
n. a principal god, Fms. xi. 386.
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f. a chief article, Barl. 167 (of faith).
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n. ‘head-jewels,’ Stj. 396, Bs. ii. 142, Art., Mar.
f. great luck.
u, f. capital luck, Fms. vii. 88, x. 185.
f. principal feast.
f. a principal feast, Fms. ii. 38, Mar.
f. great champion, chief.
u, f. a great champion, chief, Fas. ii. 242.
m. the upper part of the body, opp. to fótahlutr.
m. the ‘head-part,’ upper part of the body, opp. to fótahlutr, Eg. 398, Fms. v. 352, xi. 277.
n. chief temple.
n. a chief temple, Eg. 256.
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n. a blow on the head, Grett. 119.
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n. chief contents.
m. pl. great masses of ice, ice-banks.
m. pl. great masses or clumps of ice (on a river), when a channel is open in the middle, Fs. 52, Ld. 46, Nj. 142, 144, Sturl. i. 14.
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f. a principal art, Mar.
f. = höfuðhetja.
u, f. a great champion, Sturl. iii. 65.
m. great clerk, ecclesiastic.
m. a great clerk or scholar, ecclesiastic, Bs. i. 153.
f. high-church, cathedral.
u, f. a high-church, cathedral, 623. 15, Fms. viii. 126, ix. 369, Bs. i. 48, Karl. 545, N. G. L. i. 7, D. N. ii. 4, Al. 10.
m. great clerk or scholar.
m. a great clerk or scholar, Sturl. i. 95.
m. sovereign king.
m. a sovereign king, Fas. ii. 11, Edda (pref.), Karl. 410.
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m. a cardinal virtue, Hom. 134.
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f. a great torment, Mar.
f. ‘head-ransom’ (the name of three old poems).
f. head’s lease, is the name of three old poems, Ad. 8, where this is the true reading, see Eg. ch. 62, 63, Fb. iii. 241–243, Knytl. S. ch. 19.
a.
1) headless, without a head;
2) without a leader (~ herr).
adj. headless, without a head, Nj. 203, Fær. 185, Stj. 93, Rb. 344: without a leader, Fær. 169, Fms. viii. 264; h. herr, ix. 253; dauðr er höfuðlaus herr, a saying.
n. head-piece of a bridle.
n. the head-piece of a bridle, Bs. i. 314.
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f. = höfuðiþrótt, Sks. 633.
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n. a linen hood, belonging to a priest’s dress, Vm. 26, 29, 70, 73, Dipl. v. 18.
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n. a capital fault, N. G. L. ii. 417.
m. chief physician.
m. a chief physician, Hkr. iii. 35.
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m. a chief doctrine.
m. cardinal sin.
m. a cardinal sin, deadly sin, Sks. 609.
n. sore (boil) on the head.
n. a boil or sore on the head, Bs. i. 196.
m. head-master.
a, m. a head-master, Sks. 634, Stj. 564, Bs. ii. 223.
n.
1) chief mark, characteristic;
2) chief standard.
n. the chief mark, characteristic, Rb. 80: the chief standard, Karl. 158.
a. big-headed.
adj. big-headed, Bárð. 165.
m. ransom.
m. head-money, blood-money, for the slaying of an outlaw, Sturl. ii. 2.
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n. = höfuðkirkja, Lex. Poët.
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n. the principal name, Rb. 112.
f. great need.
f. high need, Ld. 296, Fms. ix. 509, Karl. 140.
m. pl. head-kinsmen, agnates.
m. pl. the head-kinsmen, agnates, = hofuðbarmsmenn, Bragi, Gkv. 3. 5.
m. pl. delirium.
f. pl., medic. delirium, Sks. 703, Post. 656 C. 11, Mirm. ch. 20.
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m. a ‘chief priest,’ the priest of a höfuðkirkja, H. E. i. 474, 655 ii. 1, D. N. passim, N. G. L. i. 378, 390: a chief priest, high priest, N. T.
n. chief council.
n. a head-council, chief council, Gþl. 6l, Fms. viii. 438, ix. 240.
m. chief adviser.
a, m. a chief adviser, Barl. 109, Fms. ix. 293.
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f., botan. rose-root, a kind of sedum.
n. wound in the head.
n. a head-sore, wound in the head, Gþl. 180. Ísl. ii. 269, Fbr. 211.
n. great poet.
n. a ‘head-scald,’ great poet, Fms. vi. 386, Fbr. 116, Edda 49, 154, O. H. L. 57, Geisli 12.
f. prime element.
u, f. a ‘head-creation,’ prime element, Bs. i. 145, Skálda 174, 175, Barl. 131, Eluc. 8; himnarnir munu forganga með stórum brestum, en höfuðskepnurnar bráðna, 2 Pet. iii. 10.
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f. the ‘head-shell,’ skull.
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n. = höfðaskip, Landn. 258.
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a, m., medic. a trembling of the head, palsy, Stj. 43.
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n. a head cup-bearer, Karl. 84.
f. great shame, scandal.
f. a chief shame, scandal, Fms. vi. 262, Al. 147.
m. great and noble person.
m. a great and noble person, of a woman, Sturl. iii. 6.
f. the opening for the head (in a shirt or smock-frock).
(smótt from smjúga), f. [hovud-smotta, Ivar Aasen], an opening for the head, in a coat, Ld. 134, 136, Fas. i. 165, Sæm. 139.
m. chief builder.
m. a chief workman, architect, 656 B. 8, Stj. 23, Bs. i. 81, Fms. x. 320, Fbr. 12.
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adj. headless, Bjarn.
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f. the turning disease, falling sickness, of sheep.
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m. a great, wise man, Sks. 14.
m. capital, chief place.
m. a ‘head-stead,’ capital, chief place, Fms. iv. 236, vii. 159, xi. 202, 299, Eg. 267, Sks. 647, Edda 10, Bs. i. 90.
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m. a ‘head-stem,’ raven’s beak, Höfuðl.
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m., gramm. a ‘head-stave,’ head letter, capital, initial, used freq. in this sense by Thorodd: but grammarians use it specially of the letters h, q, v, þ, which can stand only at the beginnings of syllables, (see Gramm. p. xv, col. 1 at the bottom; Skálda 165–171):—in prosody, the third of the alliterative letters (ljóðstafir) standing ‘ahead’ of the second verse line, the preceding two being called stuðlar; thus in ‘þá var grund groin | grænum lauki,’ the g in ‘grænum’ is a höfuðstafr, but in ‘grund’ and ‘gróin’ a stuðill, Edda 120: in mod. usage höfuðstafir in pl. is used of all the alliterative letters, skáldskapr þinn er skothent klúðr | skakk-settum höfuðstöfum með, Jón Þorl.
f. tumbling on the head (fara höfuðsteypu).
u, f., fara höfuðsteypu, to be overset, Fas. i. 272.
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u, f. a chief star, Rb. 440.
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n. a chief seat: a trade term, capital, opp. to interest.
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a, m. a chief girder, Sks. 633.
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m. principal strength, N. G. L. ii. 416.
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n. dizziness in the head.
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a, m. dizziness in the head.
m. head-skin, scalp; standa yfir höfuðsvörð-um e-s, to have an enemny’s head in one’s power.
m. the head skin, scalp; in the phrase, standa yfir e-s höfuðsvörðum, to have an enemy’s head at one’s feet, slay one, Fms. iii. 104, Ld. 132, 172, Al. 106, 116.
f. cardinal sin.
f. a deadly sin, Hom. 33, 74, 671. 17.
n. chief seat.
n. a chief seat, Sks. 108, 460.
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f. a tithe from stock or investment, opp. to áváxtar-t., that on interest, K. Á. 58, N. G. L. i. 346.
f. chief language.
u, f. a chief language, Edda (pref.)
n. principal weapon.
n. a principal weapon, Sks. 430.
f. chief banquet.
u, f. a chief banquet, Fms. xi. 422.
m. headache.
m. head-ache, Bs. i. 179, 183, 253, Lækn. 471.
f. chief device.
f. a chief device, Sks. 528, 633.
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m. a wind from one of the cardinal points, Rb. 438.
m. bosom friend.
m. a bosom friend, Fms. ix. 308, 451.
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n. capital punishment, Sturl. (in a verse).
m. bodyguard.
m. a body-guard, Stj. 488, Al. 103, Sks. 258, Fms. vii. 203, x. 150, Hkr. i. 244.
n. chief meeting.
n. a great jewel: a chief meeting.
m. head-washing.
m. head-washing, Lv. 84, Vígl. 30.
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n. pl. heaviness in the head.
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adj. insane, Mar., Art.
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n. pl. = höfuðórar, Sks. 703.
f. = höfuðátt.
f. a chief family.
(-ar, -ar), m.
1) author, originator;
2) judge (rare).
m., gen. ar; the masc. inflex. -undr reminds one of the Gothic (Gramm. p. xxxii. B. V); in old writers the word is found only four times, always in the sense of a judge, and referring chiefly to Gothland in Sweden; Höfundr (a mythol. pr. name) var manna vitrastr, ok svá réttdæmr, at hann hallaði aldri réttum dómi, … ok af hans nafni skyldi sá höfundr heita í hverju ríki er mál manna dæmdi, Fas. (Hervar. S.) i. 523, cp. 513: as also in Hrólfs S. Kraka (referring to Gothland), höfundr einn var þar til settr at skora þetta mál með sannindum, settusk margir í þetta sæti, ok kallaði höfundr öngum sæma, Þórir gengr seinastr ok sezk hann þegar í stólinn; höfundr mælti, þér er sætið hæfiligast, ok muntu dæmdr til þessarar stjórnar, Fas. i. 58: sigr-höfundr, the judge of victory, the Lord of battle, a name given to Odin by Egil, Stor. 21: lastly in Thorodd, skáld eru höfundar allrar rýnni eða máls-greina, sem smiðir málmgripa (?), eðr lögmenn laga, the poets are judges in all matters of grammar and syntax, as smiths in workmanship, and lawyers in law, Skálda (Thorodd) 164; this passage as well as the preceding is erroneously rendered in the earlier translations, as also in Lex. …
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(dat. höggvi), n.
1) stroke, blow; ljósta h. á dyrr, to knock at the door; skamma stund verðr hönd höggvi fegin, only a short while is the hand fain of the blow; eigi fellr tré við hit fyrsta h., no tree falls at the first stroke;
2) beheading, execution (leiða e-n til höggs);
3) fig. gap, breach (kom þá fljótt h. í liðit).
n., old dat. höggvi, Ó. H. 184, Fms. vii. 230, Nj. passim; gen. pl. höggva; [Shetl. huggie; Scot. hag; Dan. hug; Swed. hugg; cp. the verb höggva]:—a stroke, blow, esp. a stroke with an edged weapon, but also with a blunt one, Fms. vii. 191, 230, 297; laust hann selinn í svíma et fyrsta högg, Bs. i. 342; ljósta högg á dyr, to knock, Fs. 131, Nj. 28; í einu höggvi, of throwing a stone, Edda 72; högg loptsins, Skálda 174: sayings, skamma stund verðr hönd höggvi fegin, Nj. 64, 155, 213; eigi fellr tré við it fyrsta högg, Nj. 163, 224; eiga í höggvi við e-n, to have a quarrel, come to blows with a person; það sér ekki högg á vatni, a stroke in water is not seen, leaves no mark, of efforts without effect.
2. slaughter, a beheading; leiddr til höggs, Grett. 85, Karl. 518, Clem. 58; dæma e-n til höggs, Blas. 49; slaughter of cattle, yxn er hann ætlaði til höggs, Eg. 181; strand-högg, q. v.
3. a hewing down of trees, Dan. hugst, Grág. ii. 297; skógar-högg, 292; högg ok höfn, D. N.: a gap, kom þá skjótt högg í liðit, Fms. ix. 305.
4. of an instrument; þela-högg, q. …
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n. a viper’s bite.
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f. a viper’s tooth.
(høgg; hjó, hjoggum or hjuggum; höggvinn and högginn), v.
1) to strike, smite (with a sharp weapon);
høggr sá, er hlífa skyldi, he strikes who ought to shield;
~ sverði (or með sverði), to strike with a sword;
~ e-n bana-högg, to give one his deathblow;
2) to cut down, destroy (þeir hjoggu drekann mjök);
3) to put to death, behead (suma lét hann hengja eða ~);
to kill, slaughter (~ hest, búfé, kýr, naut);
4) to fell trees (hann hefir höggvit í skógi mínum);
5) to strike, bite (of a snake, boar);
ormrinn hjó hann til bana, the snake struck him dead;
6) with preps.:
~ e-t af, to hew or cut off (~ af kampa ok skegg);
~ af fé, to kill (slaughter) cattle;
~ e-t af sér, to ward of;
~ eptir e-m, to cut at one, = ~ til e-s (hjá eptir honum með sverði);
~ í höfuð e-m, to give one a blow on the head;
~ e-t niðr, to cut down (var merki hans niðr höggvit);
to kill, butcher (I. hefir áðr niðr höggvit brœðr sína tvá);
~ e-t ór, to cut out;
fig. to make even, smooth (láta konung ok erkibisup ór ~ slíkar greinir);
~ e-t í sundr, to hew asunder;
~ til e-s, to strike (cut) at one, = ~ eptir e-m; …
also spelt heyggva, Sæm. (Kb.); pres. höggr, mod. also heggr; pl. höggum, mod. höggvum; pret. hjó, hjótt, hjó, mod. hjó, hjóst, hjó; pl. hjoggum and hjuggum, mod. only the latter form; a Norse pret. hjoggi = hjó, D. N. ii. 331; pret. subj. hjöggi and heyggi, mod. hjyggi; part. högginn, mod. but less correct, höggvinn, which also is freq. in the Editions; but in the MSS. usually abbreviated, högḡ, höggͭ, = högginn, höggit: [not recorded in Ulf.; A. S. heawan; Engl. hew, hack; Hel. hauwan; O. H. G. houwan; Germ. hauen; Dan. hugge; Swed. hugga]:—höggva denotes to strike with an edged tool, slá and drepa with a blunt one:
1. to strike, smite with a sharp weapon; höggr sá er hlífa skyldi, he strikes who ought to shield, a saying: to deal blows with a weapon, hann görði ymist hjó eða lagði, Nj. 8; hann hjó títt ok hart, passim; höggva báðum höndum, 29; h. sverði, öxi, strike with, i. e. to brandish, a sword, axe, Fms. v. 168, Gs. 6; h. til e-s, to deal a blow to one, smite, Grág. ii. 7, Al. 78; h. e-n bana-högg, to smite with a deathblow, Eg. 220: to cut down, destroy, þeir hjuggu drekann mjök, Fms. …
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m.
1) hewer, smiter;
2) headsman, executioner.
a, m., part. a hewer, as a nickname, Fms. xi. 115: a headsman, Post. 645. 65.
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a, m. cut cheek, a nickname, Landn.
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f. a hewing axe, hatchet, Fbr.
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n. the being within sword’s reach, so as to have a chance of striking, Nj. 97, Gullþ. 30, Al. 33, passim.
n. ‘hewing iron’, chopper.
n. a ‘hewing iron,’ chopper, Ld. 38, K. Þ. K. 112: a chisel.
m. viper.
m. [North. E. hagworm; Swed. huggorm], a viper, 623. 26, Skálda 176, Edda 37, Stj. 28, passim.
COMPDS: höggormabit, höggormstönn.
f. close fight.
u, f. a close fight, Eg. 231, Fms. vi. 78, passim.
f. clinch on a sword’s hilt (cf. hugró).
usually spelt hugró, f. a clinch on a sword’s hilt, Edda (Gl.), Fms. i. 177, Hkr. i. 238, Þórð. 75: name of a ship, Fms. viii: in Hkv. Hjörv. the true reading is prob., hugró í hjalti, … önn er í oddi, for the MS. reading ‘hugr er í hjalti’ yields no meaning; hugró and önn (q. v.) were parts of the sword.
n. room to use a sword.
n. room to draw a sword, Þórð. 47, Eg. 492.
n. a kind of cutlass.
n. a kind of hatchet, Fbr. 58.
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m. [Dan. skovhugst], felled trees; þat er h. er menn höggva upp, Grág. ii. 264.
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u, f. = höggsax, Safn i. 689.
a kind of halberd.
n. a kind of halberd, Fms. iv. 338, vi. 113, vii. 143, Fær. 207, Eg. 374, 378, = kesja.
m. place for a blow (leita höggstaðar á e-m).
m. a place for a blow, Eg. 507, Fms. vi. 99, vii. 290, viii. 404, Hkr. iii. 165.
m. chopping-block.
m. a chopping-block, Ó. H. 117: a block for execution.
n. ‘cutting weapon’, sword or axe (opp. to lagvápn).
n. a cutlass, Eg. 580, Fms. vi. 158.
(pl. hagldir), f. a kind of buckle (shaped like oo), used to run a rope through with which hay is trussed (bregða reipum í hagldir).
f., pl. hagldir, a kind of buckle (shaped like ∞), commonly made of horn, used to run the rope through with which hay is trussed: hann tekr reip á tíu hesta ok leysir af hagldir, Fb. i. 523: in metaph. phrases, hann þóttisk nú hafa hagldir fengit á sínum málum, Bs. i. 730; and the mod. phrase, hafa bæði töglin ok hagldirnar, to have it all one’s own way. haglda-brauð, n. buckle-gingerbread.
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m. = högld. högldungs-reip, n. a rope with buckles; kirkja á tíu högldungsreip, Vm. 177.
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a, m. a tom cat, freq. in mod. usage.
II. a pr. name, mid. H. G. Hagene, Landn.
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t, to limp, Bárð. 167; h. kyrr, Fas. ii. 369.
(dat. hökli), m. priest’s cope chasuble.
m., dat. hökli, [Ulf. renders by hakul the Gr. φελόνης, i. e. φαινόλης, Lat. paenula, a mantle, 2 Tim. iv. 13; A. S. hacela; O. H. G. hachul; old Fr. hekil; Dan. messe-hagel; akin to hekla, q. v.]:—a priest’s cope; purpura-h., Bs. i. 67; hann hafð ok út pell þat er h. sá er úr görr er Skarbendingr heitir, 77, Vm. 13, 92, Fms. iii. 168, viii. 197, D. I. passim.
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f. pl., also by dropping the aspirate, ökul-brækr, Fas. iii. 41:—‘cloak-breeks,’ a kind of dress, perhaps like a Highlander’s kilt, prob. derived from hökull, hekla, and not from ökla, an ankle; it is used of beggarly attire, Ísl. (Kjaln. S.) ii. 417, Fas. iii. 41.
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adj. ‘cope-less,’ without a cope, Vm. 22.
pp. ‘cloak-shod’ (?).
part., prob. wearing a kilt and brogues like a Highlander, Fms. ix. 512; this word is also, in the various MSS. to l. c., spelt with or without the h, see Fb. iii. 151 (ökulskoðr).
gen. from haka.
see haka.
n. chin bone (~it ok hakan).
n. the chin bone, Sd. 169.
a. having a long chin.
adj. having a long chin, Bárð. 165.
a. having a large chin (hálslangr ok ~).
adj. having a large chin, Sd. 147.
f. midwinter-night.
f. mid-winter night, about the time of Epiphany, when the heathen Yule began; a απ. λεγ.: hann setti þat í lögum at hefja Jólahald sem Kristnir menn …, en áðr var Jóla-hald hafit Hökunótt, þat var miðsvetrar-nótt (thus in Fms. i. 32, l. c.), ok haldin þriggja (þrettán?) nátta Jól, Hkr. i. 138 (Hák. S. Aðalst. ch. 15). The Scot. hogmaney, = the last day of the year or a feast given on that day, is a remnant of this ancient word. The heathen Yule seems among the Scandinavians to have been celebrated about three weeks later than Christmas; but the Norse king Hakon, who had been brought up in Christian England, altered the time of the festival, so as to make it correspond with the English Yule or Christmas; and so the heathen hökunótt came to represent our Christmas Eve. The etymology is not known.
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n. a cleft in the chin.
n. beard on the chin.
n. the beard on the chin, Fas. ii. 434, Hkr. ii. 176.
m.
1) a kind of higher yeoman;
2) in poetry, man;
hölda synir, sons of men.
m., in old MSS. spelt hꜹlðr or hꜹlþr, denoting that the d is inflexive, not radical; [the word therefore is not to be derived from halda, but is identical with A. S. hæleð, Germ. held, whence mod. Swed. and Dan. hjälta and helt, see halr]:—a Norse law term, a kind of higher yeoman, like the statesman of Westmorland, i. e. the owner of allodial land, mod. Norse odelsbonde; the höld is to be distinguished from a hersir (q. v.) or a lendr maðr, who held land in fee from the king, see the interesting story in Har. S. Harðr. ch. 62 (Fms. vi. 278); the höld is thus defined, sá er hꜹldr er hann hefir óðöl at erfðum tekit bæði eptir föður ok móður, þau er hans forellrar (forefathers) hafa átt áðr fyrir þeim, N. G. L. ii. 146; hölda tvá eða bændr ina beztu, i. 251. In old Norway the churchyards were divided into four parts; in the first were buried the lendir menn, next them the hölds and their children (hölds-lega), then the freed men (leysingjar), and lastly the thralls (man, q. v.) nearest to the wall; the höld had right to twice as much as the simple franklin, and half as much as the lendr maðr, e. g. bóandi hálvan annan eyri, höldr þrjá aura, lendr maðr sex aura, jarl tólf aura, konungr þrjár merkr, N. …
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pp. born of a höldr, enjoying a höld’s right, free-born.
part. born of a höld (see höldr), enjoying a höld’s right, Hdl. 11, 16, N. G. L. i. 346.
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m. = höldr, N. G. L. i. 44, 55, 71, 175.
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að, see hválfa.
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a, m. a pr. name, in the Hb. spelt Hœlgi; this is the old Norse form, whereas the old and mod. Icel. form is Helgi, and of a woman, Helga, u, f., Landn.; prob. contracted from Hálogi, cp. the Dan. Holger and Russian Olga: Hölgi was the name of a mythol. king, Edda 83, whence Hölga-brúðr, f. the bride of Hölgi, or Hölga-tröll, n. (Skálda 168, Fms. xi. 134), the giantess of H.: hölda-brúðr and hörga-brúðr are less correct forms, Nj. 131 (v. l.), Fb. i. 213; for the various readings in different MSS. see Jóms S. ch. 44, Nj. ch. 89: this is the name of two weird sisters worshipped by the earls of Hlaðir; the passage in Skálda l. c. refers to some lost myth concerning these sisters.
n. a rough, stony field.
n. a rough stony field, almost = hraun, q. v.; á hölkni einu, Fas. iii. 625; hann setsk niðr á hölknit fyrir ofan búðirnar, Ld. 290 (v. l. hraunit); þá er undir svá hart sem hölkn, Hrafn. 26; hölkn eða hreysar, N. G. L. i. 38; í fjöru eða á hœlkn, ii. 111, 146, Hým. 24; um hölkn ok skóga, Karl. 243: in local names, Hölkna-heiðr, see the map of Icel.
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m., poët. a horse, Edda (Gl.); h. hvílbeðjar, poët. a clothes’ horse, cp. Dan. sænge-hest (?), Akv. 31; gólf-h., a ‘closet-horse,’ poët. a house, Bragi; borð-h., a ‘board-hobby,’ a ship, Lex. Poët.
II. the name of a mythol. steed, Edda.
I) (gen. hallar, pl. hallir), f. large house, hall (esp. of a king or earl).
II) from hallr, slant.
f., gen. hallar, often spelt hall without umlaut, Fb. i. 212, 1. 26, Fas. iii. 42, 87, Fms. viii. 191, v. l.; as also rhymed so in poets, e. g. Geisli 11; [A. S. heal, gen. healle; Engl. hall; Hel. halla; but not found in old and mid. H. G., the mod. Germ. halle being a borrowed word, Grimm’s Gr. iii. 427]:—a hall, but in the Norse only of a king’s or earl’s hall, whereas a private dwelling is called skáli, eldhús, q. v.; and thus ‘hall’ never could be used of an Icel. dwelling. In earlier times it seems to have had a more general sense, which remains in a verse of Kormak, Korm. 42:—in the mythology and old poems ‘hall’ is also used of the hall of gods, giants, Vþm., Hým., Lv.; Val-höll, Valhalla, the hall of the slain, of Odin, Gm., Edda: as also Guðs höll, God’s hall = the heaven, Geisli; dags höll, days’ hall, the sky; höll fjalla, mountain hall, the sky; lífs höll, life’s hall, the breast, Lex. Poët.:—in prose constantly, konungs-höll, a king’s hall, or hall simply, passim. For the building, structure, seats of a hall, see the Sagas passim, Fagrsk. ch. 219, 220, Hrólfs S. Kr. …
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see heldr B. III.
(gen. hamar), f. ham or haunch (of a horse).
f., gen. hamar, [A. S. and Engl. ham], the ham or haunch of a horse; Grettir hljóp undir hömina á hesti sínum, Grett. 108; kom á hömina hestinum, Karl. 124; skjóta þeir upp höminni allir í senn, Od. xiii. 83; standa í höm = hama, q. v., of horses in a tempest.
n. oar-strap, oar-grummet.
n. an oar strap (= hamla), Eg. 390, Fbr. 181.
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a, m. a dub. απ. λεγ.; má þat ríki kalla hömlu-barða eða auðnar óðal, Sks. 333: the word is prob. taken from a ship defeated in a fight and pulling or drifting stern foremost.
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n. an illegal breaking up of a ship, a Norse law term, no king’s ship might be demolished unless the keel had been laid for a new ship; hömlufall was liable to a fine of three marks for every hamla, N. G. L. i. 101.
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m. a Norse term answering to Icel. há-seti, an oarsman, sailor, N. G. L. i. 99.
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n. [provinc. Norse humul, Shetl. hammers], heaps of earth-fast stones; í klungri eða humulgrýti, Barl. 19.
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m. = hemingr (q. v.), N. G. L. ii. 511.
(gen. handar, dat. hendi; pl. hendr), f.
1) hand;
taka hendi á e-u, to touch with the hand;
hafa e-t í hendi, to hold in the hand;
drepa hendi við e-u, to refuse;
halda hendi yfir e-m, to protect one;
taka e-n ~um, to seize, capture;
bera ~ fyrir höfuð sér, to defend oneself;
eiga hendr sínar at verja, to act in self defence;
láta e-t hendi firr, to let go out of one’s hands, to lose;
taka í ~ e-m, to join hands with one;
eiga e-t jöfnum ~um, to own in equal shares;
sverja sér af hendi, to forswear;
af hendi e-s, on one’s behalf, on the part of (af hendi landsmanna);
at hendi, as adv. in turn;
hverr at hendi, each in turn;
felast á hendi e-m, to be under one’s protection;
hvat er þér á ~um, what hast thou in hand?;
ef honum væri ekki á ~um, if he had nothing in hand, if his hands were free;
eiga e-t fyrir hendi (~um), to have in hand (duty, business, engagement);
vera í hendi, to be at hand, at one’s disposal;
hafa vel (illa) í ~um, to behave well (badly);
hafa e-t með ~um, to have in hand, manage, discharge;
hljóta e-t undan hendi e-s, from one, at one’s hand; …
f., gen. handar, dat. hendi, acc. hönd, pl. hendr, mod. proncd. höndur, gen. handa; [Goth. handus; A. S. and Engl. hand; O. H. G. hant; Germ. hand; Dan. haand; Swed. hand]:—a hand; beit höndina þar er nú heitir úlfliðr, Edda 17; armleggir, handleggir ok hendr, Anecd. 6; kné eðr hendi, Grág. ii. 8; ganga á höndum, Fms. vi. 5; með hendi sinni, K. Þ. K. 5 new Ed.; taka hendi á e-u, to touch with the hand, Fms. x. 110; taka höndum um háls e-m, Nj. 10; hvítri hendi, Hallfred; hafa e-t í hendi, to hold in hand, wield, Eg. 297, Nj. 84, 97, 255; hrjóta ór hendi e-m, Fms. xi. 141; hafa fingrgull á hendi, Nj. 146; handar-högg, Fms. xi. 126, Fas. ii. 459; sjá ekki handa sinna skil (deili), not to be able to see one’s hands, of a dense fog.
2. the arm and hand, the arm, like Gr. χείρ, Nj. 160, 253; á hendi heitir alnbogi, Edda 110; hendr til axla, Fas. i. 160; leggir handa ok fóta, Magn. 532; hönd fyrir ofan úlnlið, Nj. 84; hafa hring á hendi, of an arm-ring, Nj. 131; hring á hægri hendi fyrir ofan ölnboga, Fms. iv. 383:—the arm and arm-pit, ná, taka undir hönd (arm-pit) e-m, Gþl. 380; var eigi djúpara en þeim tók undir hendr, the water reached to their arm-pits, Ld. …
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(að), v.
1) to seize, capture (~ glœpamann);
2) to treat;
~ e-n illa, to treat one ill.
að, (handla, Stj. 22, 47), to handle; h. heiðarliga, Karl. 51; h. úvarliga, Stj. 22: to manage, Gkv. 1. 8; h. e-n ílla, to treat one ill, Stj. 47; h. um e-t, Mar.; h. kaup, to strike a bargain, to handsel (North. E.), Gþl. 493.
II. as a law term, to seize, catch, Hrafn. 7, Ld. 148: to arrest, 623. 62, Nj. 267, Symb. 59, Pass. 8. 1; h. glæpamann, Fms. ii. 85.
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adv. adroitly; honum fórst það hönduliga.
(gen. hankar, pl. henkr), f. hank, coil, loop, ring; sterkar henkr, strong clasps.
f., gen. hankar, pl. henkr, hankar, Fs. 132, l. 12, mod. hankir; [Engl. hank, cp. Germ. henker]:—a hank, coil, skein; toga hönk, Fms. vi. 312, Fs. 146; þar var hönk í meðalkaflanum, ok dró hann hana á hönd sér, Eg. 378, Grett. 101; henkr tvær af viðjum, Gþl. 413; festa með hönkum, 381; sterkar henkr (clasps), Fs. 132.
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m. pl. the Hords, a people of Norway; whence Hörða-land, n. the land of the Hords: Hörða-konungr, -kappi, m. the king, champion of the Hords, Fms. passim: Hörðu-ból, n., Hörðu-dalr, m. a local name in Icel.: Hörð-dælir, m. pl. the men from H., Sturl.
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m., Herði, Hörð, a pr. name, Landn. Harðar-saga, u, f. the story of Hörð.
(að), v. to retire, withdraw (~ undan);
~ fyrir e-m, to give way before one.
að, [akin to hvarfa, q. v.], to retire, Fas. iii. 34; h. frá í brott, Nj. 216; hvárt sem þeir h. með ánni norðr eða suðr, 228; h. fyrir, to give way, Grett. 114; h. undan, Sd. 175, Fbr. 41 new Ed., Fs. 45; nú h. þeir innar eptir höllinni, Fas. ii. 261; hann hörfaði at borðinu út, Fms. vii. 264; þá skal ganga á feld þó áðr hafi af hörfat, Korm. 86: to pass round, hefir þat (viz. the moon) hörfat hring sinn, Rb. 116: reflex., láta hörfask undan, Ísl. ii. 447.
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f. retrogression; h. heimsins, Mag. 69.
(-s, -ar), m. heathen place of worship, cairn or altar of stone (hörg hann mér gørði hlaðinn steinum).
m., never f., for the form hörg (Landn. 111) is merely an error; [A. S. hearg; O. H. G. haruc]:—a heathen place of worship. Distinction is to be made between hof (temple) and horg; the hof was a house of timber, whereas the horg was an altar of stone (the hátimbraðr in Vþm. is not literal) erected on high places, or a sacrificial cairn (like haugr), built in open air, and without images, for the horg itself was to be stained with the blood of the sacrifice; hence such phrases as, to ‘break’ the horgs, but ‘burn’ the temples. The horg worship reminds one of the worship in high places of the Bible. The notion of a ‘high place’ still remains in the popular Icel. phrase, það eru ekki uppi nema hæstu hörgar, only the highest horgs jut out, when all lies under a deep snow. In provincial Norse a dome-shaped mountain is called horg (Ivar Aasen). The worship on horgs seems to be older than that in temples, but was in after times retained along with temple worship, and then, it seems, specially reserved for the worship of the goddesses or female guardians (dísir), Hervar. S. ch. 1, Hdl. l. c., Edda l. c., cp. also Hörga-brúðr, f. …
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m. a breaker of horgs, of a missionary king, Hallfred.
(að), v. to hobble, walk with difficulty (þat lið tekr at dasast ok ~r af heiðinni ofan).
að, [hark and harki], to hobble, go with difficulty, as if walking on rough ground; hann hörklar af heiðinni ofan, Bs. i. 443.
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n. = hölkn, Bs. i. 452, v. l.
m. noise, din.
m. roughness; hann segir svá meðr hörðum hörkul, 732. 15; skal ek göra þeim mikinn hörkul, I will work them much annoyance, MS. 4. 16: noise, din, hófsk þá bardaginn með miklum hörkul, Karl. 289; mátti þá heyra mikinn gný ok ógurligan hörkul, 307; þeir heyrðu hörkul ok stór högg Frankismanna, 354: hence comes prob. the mod. hörgull, meaning dearth; það er mesti hörgull á því: as also in the phrase, spyrja e-n út í hörgul, or segja e-t út í hörgul, to ask or tell minutely.
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m. a απ. λεγ. in Hým. end; may not this word contain a variation or corruption of some month’s name, occurring under various forms in A. S. and Germ., and of which the Scandin. form is not known, such as Horemaent = November or December, Hornunc = February, Hartmonat = January (Dr. Karl Weinhold),—months of great festivals and sacrifices? For an attempt at interpretation of the passage, see véar, p. 687, col. 1, at bottom.
a. afflicted, sorrowful.
adj. afflicted, Gkv. 3.
adv. sadly.
adv. sadly, 4. 15, Gþl. 45, Stj. 51, Hom. 116, passim.
a. sad, distressing (hörmulig tíðendi).
adj. sad, distressing, Sturl. i. 13, Þiðr. 174; h. tíðendi, Nj. 170; h. villa, Stj. 250; h. hrygð, 494; h. glæpr, Fms. i. 205: neut. a distressing thing, Fms. vii. 160, x. 400: also with the notion of indignation, það er hörmulegt að sjá það!
f. grief, affliction.
f. [harmr], grief, affliction, Fms. vi. 94, Str. 24, 453, Fas. iii. 303; hörmungar tala, lamentation, Fms. iv. 165; hörmungar orð, H. E. i. 255; hörmungar víg, Fs. 8; freq. in mod. usage, N. T. = θλιψις, esp. in plur., Mark xiii. 19, Acts vii. 10: in sing. with the notion of indignation, það er hörmung að vita til þess.
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f. one of the names of the goddess Freyja, Edda.
gen. from harpa.
see harpa.
m. playing on a harp.
m. playing on a harp, Hkr. iii. 246.
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m. a harp-man, harper, Sams. S. 9.
m. harper.
and hörpu-slagari, a, m. a harper, Bs. i. 866, 909.
m. striking the harp.
hörpu-sláttr, m. striking the harp, Bs. i. 202, Str. 83.
m. harp-case.
m. a harp-case, Fas. i. 342.
m. harp-string.
m. a harp-string, Eluc. 45, Skálda: that the harp was in olden times used in churches in Icel. is seen from Laur. S. ch. 59.
(dat. hörvi and hör), m. flax, linen (af hör eða hampi); dúkr hvítr af hörvi, a cloth of white linen.
m., old dat. hörvi, mod. hör, pl. hörvar, Höfuðl. 12:—flax, but also = linen, Lat. linum, Sks. 287, Rm. 28; dúkr hvítr af hörvi, a white linen table cloth, id.; hörfi glæst, clad in linen, of a woman, Kormak; from the wearing of linen a lady is in the poets called hör-bil, -brekka, -fit, -gefn, -gerðr, -nauma, -skorða, -veig, -þella, Lex. Poët.
2. a cord of hemp, as a bowstring or the like, Höfuðl. 12; boga fylgði hörr, toginn hörr, Edda (in a verse); hörfa sleipnir, the hemp horse = the gallows, Ýt. 12. hör-dúkr, m. a linen cloth, Hallfred.
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n. [qs. hörkl or hörkull?], the roughness of frozen ground; það er hörtl í götunum, hörtl að ríða.
n. and f.
1) human flesh, = hold (milli skinns ok ~s);
2) skin, complexion;
svartr á hár ok ~, black in hair and skin.
n. the skin, of a person, prop. the cuticle or inner skin, as shewn by the phrase, milli skinns ok hörunds, between the skin and hörund, Bs. i. 252; verðr hörundit ok skinnit allt blátt sem drep, Mar.; e-m rennr kalt vatn milli skinns og hörunds, one feels a cold chill between the skin and hörund; allt hans hörund er svá hart sem horn, Þiðr. 183 (of the ‘Gehörnete,’ Sigfried); þá koma bláir flekkir í hörundit, Bs. i. 611; þá kom hrollr á hörund honum, Orkn. 182; allir synir hans stóðusk eitr á hörund utan, Sæm. 118; var allr þroti ór hans hörundi, Bs. i. 644; sár vóru mörg fallin á hörund hans, 298; h. ok líkamr, Mar., Karl. 524, v. l.; ef þrútnar hörund, Grág. ii. 129: hence skin, complexion, bert hörund, 129, Fms. vi. 143; svartr (hvítr) á hár ok hörund, swart (fair) in hair and skin, vii. 157; allra manna fegrstr á hörund, viii. 446: the flesh, var sem elds-hiti kæmi í h. honum, Hkr. i. 102; nálgaðist kuldi hans hörund, Sks. 758; meyjar h., id., 1 Kings i. 1, 2; vatn þat rennr í h. sem mungát, Sks. 164; allar æðar í hans hörundi, Fbr. 149: genitalia, euphemistically, þegar hann kemr við mik þá er hörund hans svá mikit, at hann má ekki eptirlæti hafa við mik, Nj. …
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n. impotentia (?); þat má skilja festar-mál, ef h. kemr á annat-tveggja, N. G. L. i. 27, cp. ii. 320, H. E. i. 247, (a lawful cause for divorce.)
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a, m. coldness of the skin, chill, Sks. 758.
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adj. soft-skinned, of a woman, Orkn. (in a verse).
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adj. from Hörðaland, Landn.
n. clew of flax.
n. a clew of flax, Fms. vi. 296.
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part. f. clad in linen, Skv. 3. 49.
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m. a hempen cord, Stj. 416. Judges xv. 14.
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m. a linen thread, Bs. i. 644.
(acc. hösvan), a. grey, of a wolf (úlfr hinn hösvi).
adj., acc. hösvan, with a characteristic v; [A. S. hasu, gen. hasweg and haswig; Engl. hazy; Lat. caesius]:—gray, of a wolf; úlfr enn hösvi, Em. 6; hösvan serk hrísgrisnis, a gray wolf’s coat, Hl., Edda 86; höss örn, a gray eagle, Fms. vi. 159 (in a verse); and höss sverð, a dusky sword blade (or = hvöss?), Lex. Poët.: in pr. names, Hös-kollr, in common pronunciation Höskuldr, the gray Coll; the old form is freq. presented in good MSS., e. g. Arna-Magn. 468, as also in the old ditty, trautt man ek trúa þér | troll kvað Höskollr, Sturl. ii. 136; but that even in the 13th century the name was pronounced as at the present day is shewn by the pun in the words Höskuld and haustskuld, Sturl. iii. 216. The word is quite obsolete, and does not occur elsewhere in prose.
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adj. [hastr, herstr], harshly, Pass. 40. 4.
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að, dep. to slink (as a wolf?), sneak, Fms. iii. 189.
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m. a gray wolf, Edda (Gl.): name of a slave, from his dress, Rm.
m. a sheep with a grey, dusky belly.
a, m. a sheep with a gray, dusky belly, Grett. 154: the spelling haustmagi is caused by a false pronunciation.
a. grey on the belly (hrútr h. at lit).
adj. gray on the belly, Grett. 148.
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adj. hooded, of cows or sheep with heads differing in colour from the body.
(gen. hattar, dat. hetti; pl. hettir, acc. höttu), m. hood.
m., hattar, hetti, acc. pl. höttu, a later form hattr, Dropl. 13, Eg. 407, Nj. 32, 46, Gísl. 55, O. H. L. 46, as also in mod. usage; [the A. S. hôd, Engl. hood, O. H. G. huot, Dutch hoed, Germ. hut may perhaps be identical; but A. S. hæt, Engl., Dan., and Swed. hat certainly answer to the old höttr, cp. also hetta, q. v.]:—a hood, in olden times only a cowl fastened to a cloak, as is seen from numerous instances. Fms. i. 149, ii. 72, viii. 368, x. 225, 229, 301, Eg. 375, 407, Grág. ii. 132: a cowl of felt, þófa-höttr, Dropl. 13, Nj. 179.
2. of a gorgeous foreign hood or turban from the east, Fms. xi. 77, 85; called Gerzkr (Russian) in Nj. 46, Gísl. 55, or Girskr (Greek) in O. H. L. 46; Danskr höttr, a Danish hood, Ó. H.: a hat in the mod. sense was unknown to the men of old; even the hat-like helmet was called stál-húfa, a steel cap, not stál-höttr.
II. in poetry the head is called hattar land, hauðr, -stallr, -fell, -steði, the land, knoll, fell, stithy of the hood; or hatt-staup, n. a hat-knoll, Ad. …
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m. [hata], a hater, Lex. Poët.