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f. a drawing or casting of lots, Grág. i. 38, 493, N. G. L. i. 145.
m.
1) part (í þeim hluta veraldar); at mínum hluta, for my part, as far as I am concerned;
2) share, lot; gera á hluta e-s, to wrong one; eptir er enn yðarr h., your part (of the work) remains yet.
a, m. a part; í þeim hluta veraldar, Edda (pref.); mikinn hluta af Englandi, Eg. 270; mikinn hluta Skotlands, Ó. H. 131; mikill (mestr, lítill) h. liðs, Fms. i. 110, Eg. 269, Edda 82, Fb. ii. 283; bleikt silfr ok skal vera meiri hluti silfrs, Grág. i. 500: adverb, phrases, at öllum hluta, for the whole lot or share, 245; að mestum hluta, for the most part; að nokkrum hluta, for some part; at mínum (sínum) hluta, for my (her) part, Nj. 250, Fs. 62.
II. a share, but the weak form is seldom used in this sense, as in the phrase, göra á hluta e-s, to encroach upon one’s share, wrong one, Fms. vii. 219, Vígl. 25; eptir er enn yðarr hluti, your part, portion of the work, Nj. 144; ok undi hann þó verr sínum hluta, Fms. vii. 176 (v. l. hlut better).
(-ar, -ir), m.
1) lot;
bera (leggja) hluti í skaut, to throw the lots into a cloth (lap of a garment);
skera (marka) hluti, to mark the lots;
2) amukt, talisman (~ er horfinn or pússi þínum);
3) share, allotment, portion (hann fœrði Ølvi skip sin ok kallar þat vera hans hlut);
4) part (of a whole);
höggva í tvá hluti, to cut in two parts;
mestr ~ liðs, the most part of the company;
meiri ~ dómanda, the majority of the judges;
tveim hlutum dýrra, twice as dear;
5) participation;
eiga hlut í e-u or at e-u, to have part in, be concerned in (mér uggir, at hér muni eigi gæfumenn hlut í eiga);
þar er þú ættir hlut at, wherein thou wast concerned;
6) condition, position, lot;
eiga hlut e-s, to be in one’s place (position);
ef þú ættir minn hlut, if thou wert in my place;
láta hlut sinn, to be worsted;
sitja yfir hlut e-s, to oppress, weigh a person down;
leggja hlut sinn við e-t, to cast in one’s lot with, to espouse a cause;
hafa (fá) hærra, meira (lægra) hlut, to get the best (worst) of it;
7) thing;
allir hlutir, all things;
kynligr ~, a strange thing; …
m., the original form was diphthongal, hlautr, like the Gothic, as is borne out by the kindred and derivative words hlaut, hleyti, q. v.; the acc. was weakened into o, hlotr, Fms. xi. 128; and lastly into u, hlutr; old nom. pl. hlotar, Jómsv. S. l. c., but commonly hlutir; gen. sing. hlutar: [Goth. hlauts = κληρος, Mark xv. 24, Col. i. 12, Ephes. i. 11, Luke i. 9; A. S. and Hel. hlot; Engl. lot; Germ. loos; Dan. lod; Swed. lott; the Goth., Germ., and earliest Scandin. have a long vowel, and prob. also A. S. and O. H. G. (hlôt, not hlot); the Ormul. spells lott with a short vowel, as is the case also in Icel., Dan., Swed., and Engl.]
A. A lot; the ceremony of drawing lots was like that described in Homer; each party marked his lot (skera or marka hluti), which was then thrown into a sheet (lap of a garment, bera or leggja hluti í skaut), and a third person came and drew a lot out; (it was not thrown out by shaking.) This drawing of lots was originally a sacred ceremony; it was used in sacrifices (by way of augury, see below), in sharing booty or an inheritance; …
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m. a chance, lot, D. N.
(-da, -dr), v. to meddle with a thing (~ e-t).
d, to meddle, Sturl. i. 196, ii. 42.
a. meddlesome.
adj. meddlesome, Fs. 123; ó-hlutdeilinn, passive.
f. meddlesomeness.
f. meddlesomeness, Rd. 255, Karl. 123.
a. lucky, getting the better share.
adj. lucky, getting the better share, Lv. 24.
n. casting of lots; leggja e-t til ~s, to settle a thing by drawing lots; bjóða til ~a, to bid one proceed to cast lots.
n., chiefly in pl., a casting of lots; leggja til hlutfalla, Fs. 67, Fms. v. 147; fara at hlutföllum, to go by lots, Ver. 4; bjóða til hlutfalla, a law term, to bid one proceed to cast lots, Grág. i. 37, Nj. 232; skipta til hlutfalls, to divide into lots, Gþl. 341.
2. mod. proportion (sing.), Rb. 460.
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f. proportion, Alg. 372.
a. up to the mark; ~ við e-n, equal to one, a match for one.
adj. capable, up to the mark, Fb. ii. 329.
f. = hlutdeilni.
f. meddlesomeness, Glúm. 353.
a. = hlutdeilinn.
adj. meddlesome, Ld. 248.
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and hlut-hending, f. a kind of metre or rhyme, see hending and henda, Edda 121, 123, 136.
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n. a casting of lots, N. T.; but does not occur in old writers.
a. not partaking in, having taken no part in (~ eðr sýkn af manndrápi).
adj. ‘lot-less,’ not partaking in, Lat. expers; at yður bók skyldi þeirra umbóta eigi h. vera, Gþl. iv: having taken no part in, h. eðr sýkn af manndrápi, Fms. ii. 225; h. ok afskiptr e-u (void of), Stj. 155; h. allrar undir-hyggju, Bs. i. 723: neut., veiða hlutlaust, to fish without getting a share, D. I. i. 497; ríða hlutlaust, to pass free, unmolested, Sturl. i. 39. In mod. usage, hlutlauss means passive, neutral, of a person; and láta e-ð hlutlaust, to leave a thing alone, not meddle with it.
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a, m. one robbed of his share; verða h. e-s, or fyrir e-m, to be unfairly dealt with, Eg. 525 (v. l.), Fb. ii. 379, Gullþ. 12; göra e-n h., Orkn. 306, 318.
a. meddlesome (um e-t).
adj. meddlesome, Fms. ii. 68, Lv. 27, Karl. 386.
a. tenacious, obstinate.
adj. holding fast one’s share, tenacious, Bs. i. 716.
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f. meddling.
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adj. = hlutdrjúgr.
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t, to share by lots, Stj. 375.
n.
1) sharing;
2) booty;
3) share, lot.
n. a sharing, Eg. 280, Fms. i. 183: a share, lot, of inheritance, Fs. 18, Ld. 222: of booty, Eg. 4, 57, Fms. vi. 86, vii. 278, Bs. i. 37, Barl. 188.
a. getting the best share.
adj. getting the best share, lucky, Fs. 143.
m. partaker.
part. partaking, a partaker, 623. 28, 45, Greg. 12.
m. partaker.
a, m. a partaker, 655 xiv. A. 2, Magn. 432, Greg. 23, Bs. i. 744, Stj.
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f. a partaking: proportion, Alg. 372: gramm. the participle, Skálda 180.
a. upright, honest.
adj. fair about one’s share, upright, honest, Band. 35 new Ed., Lv. 48, Thom. 396, Rétt. 5. 5: ó-hlutvandr, dishonest.
n. work allotted, task.
n. work allotted, Fbr. 130, Háv. 56, Grett. 125.
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a, m. a term of abuse; hrímugr hlúki, Korm. in a verse. (Is the Scot. luckie, used of an old woman, akin to this word?)
a. crooked.
adj. crooked, Stj. 78, freq. in mod. usage.
(-s, -ir), m. bend, curve.
m., pl. ir, better lykkr (see p. 227), a bend, curve, Sturl. iii. 37, Hom. 115, Fms. i. 145.
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adj. ‘bend-less,’ unbent, straight, Al. 173.
(hlym, hlumda, hlumit), v. to make a loud noise.
pret. hlumði, pres. hlymr, to dash, Hým. 24; sær hlymr, the sea dashes against the boards, Edda 100 (in a verse).
(-s, -ir), m. a resounding noise (~ var at heyra).
m. [hljómr], a clash, as of hoofs, Skálda 169, Skm. 14, Og. 28.
(-ta, -t), v. to prepare the way for one (h. fyrir e-m).
t, [hlunnr], prop. ‘to launch,’ but only used metaph. to help a person on; h. fyrir e-m, Fms. viii. 239, v. l.: very freq. in mod. usage, h. að e-u, to cherish, foster, and of persons to nourish.
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f. a fostering; að-hlynning, id.
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adj. fostering; h. á. sigr, victorious, Lex. Poët.
(-s, -ir), m. maple tree.
m., pl. ir, [Ivar Aasen lön; Swed. lönn], a maple tree, Lat. acer, Edda (Gl.), Lex. Poët. passim.
n. warmth (sumar-hlýit).
n. [Dan. ly = shelter], warmth, as of a bed; þvíat konungr þóttisk þá þurfa hlýs, Fms. vi. 251, Fagrsk. 49 (in a verse).
(-dda, -tt), v.
1) to listen (eyrum hlýðir hann, en augum skoðar);
~ e-m, to listen (give ear) to one;
~ messu, tíðum, to hear mass, attend service;
~ á e-t or til e-s, to listen to (sitja menn þar umhverfis ok ~ til sögunnar);
2) to yield to, obey (~ ráðum, orðum e-s);
3) to do, be permissible or proper;
hlýðir það hvergi (it will not do) at hafa eigi lög í landi;
engum öðrum skyldi þat ~, nobody else should dare to do so;
Einar lét engum ~ móti at mæla, E. would not hear of any one’s gainsaying;
4) refl. to listen (hann hlýðist um, hvárt nökkurir vekti); to be allowable (konungr sagði, at þeim skyldi þat ekki ~st).
u, f. [A. S. hleowd; provinc. Dan. lude = a shed], a shed; a part of a ship, a cabin (?); hlýðan skalf, Knytl. S. (in a verse).
(-dda, -tt), v.
1) to listen (eyrum hlýðir hann, en augum skoðar);
~ e-m, to listen (give ear) to one;
~ messu, tíðum, to hear mass, attend service;
~ á e-t or til e-s, to listen to (sitja menn þar umhverfis ok ~ til sögunnar);
2) to yield to, obey (~ ráðum, orðum e-s);
3) to do, be permissible or proper;
hlýðir það hvergi (it will not do) at hafa eigi lög í landi;
engum öðrum skyldi þat ~, nobody else should dare to do so;
Einar lét engum ~ móti at mæla, E. would not hear of any one’s gainsaying;
4) refl. to listen (hann hlýðist um, hvárt nökkurir vekti); to be allowable (konungr sagði, at þeim skyldi þat ekki ~st).
dd, [hljóð A]:
I. prop. to hearken, listen; eyrum hlýðir en augum skoðar, Hm. 7: with dat. to listen to one, 623. 27, Fms. vii. 245, Eg. 694; var hann ekki svá mikillátr at eigi hlýddi (to give ear to) hann mönnum er skylt áttu við hann at ræða, Ó. H. 68; h. messu, tíðum, lestri, to hear mass, attend service, go to church, 671 B, 655 xi. 4, Bs. i. 131 passim.
2. with prep.; hlýða á e-t, to listen to a thing, Fms. ix. 472; h. til e-s, a law term, to listen to a pleading, Nj. 36, Grág. i. 76; h. til tals e-s, Fas. ii. 517; sitja menn þar umhverfis ok hlýða til sögunnar, Fbr. 87 new Ed.; h. e-m yfir, to hear a pupil’s lessons, of a teacher holding the book whilst the pupil recites the lesson; hlýða yfir Fræðin, Faðir Vor, Kverið, Lektíuna, etc.
3. to yield to; glöddusk allir er þeir höfðu hlýtt því ráði, Fb. i. 439; þeim er eigi vildu h. hans orðum, ii. 64: to obey, as children their parents, h. föður, móður sinni, h. Guði, freq. in mod. usage, but it seems not to be used in old writers exactly in this sense.
II. metaph. to be due, to do, be proper; hlýðir þat hvergi (it will not do), at hafa eigi lög í landi, Nj. …
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a.
1) willing to give ear to one, compliant (hann var ~ vinum sínum um öll góð ráð);
2) yielding homage to one.
adj. giving ear to one; hann var h. vinum sínum um öll góð ráð, Fms. vi. 30: meek, obedient, hlýðnum syni ok lítilátum, Sks. 11; and so in mod. usage of children, pupils, þjónum þeim og hlyðnir séum, elskum þau og virðing veitum, Luther’s Catech. on the 5th Comm.; var þeim og hlýðinn, Luke ii. 51; ó-hlýðinn, disobedient, naughty.
β. yielding homage to one; h. konungi sínum, Sks. 269; áðr en landsfólk hafði honum hlýðit orðit, Hkr. ii. 212.
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n. adj. proper for one to do (see hlýða II. β); vera h. to do for one, Ísl. ii. 198, Ld. 154, Fms. vi. (in a verse).
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að, dep. to obey one, with dat., Fms. i. 281, Fær. 132 Str. 20.
f. obedience, homage.
f. obedience, homage, Sks. 269, Fms. iii. 12, vi. 29, Bs. i. 742 Orkn. 394, Stj. 117; ó-hlýðni, disobedience.
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adj. = hlýðinn, N. T.
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(hluþscylldi) = lýðskyldi, Fms. x. (Ágrip) 398, 399.
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n. pl. warmth, snugness, Snót (1866): of weather, mild.
(hlý, hlýða, hlúit), v. to cover, shelter (hlýrat henni börkr né barr).
(mod. hlúa), pres. hlýr, pret. hløði (mod. hlúði), cp. tøði from týja; part. hlúð:—prop. to cover, shelter, with dat.; hlýrat henni börkr né barr, Hm. 49; to this belongs the poët. pret., serkir hløðut þeim = Homer’s οἱ ἤρκεσε θώρηξ, Il. xv. 529 (cp. οὐδ ἤ. θ., xiii. 371, gave them no shelter against the blow), Edda i. 418; in mod. usage, hlúa að e-m, to cover with clothes (Lat. fovere), to make one warm and snug; hér er sjór kallaðr hlér, þvíat hann hlýr allra minzt, Skálda 198; hlúðu að þér betr, þú hefr ekki hlúð vel að þér, thou art too thinly clad.
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að, to become warm.
n.
1) cheek; h. roðnaði, her cheek reddened;
2) bow of a vessel, = kinnungr;
3) the flat of an axe.
1. adj. warm, mild; hlýtt veðr, mild weather; hlý húsa-kynni, warm, snug rooms: metaph., e-m er hlýtt til e-s, to have a warm heart, affection, for a person; see hlær below.
2. n. pl. [A. S. hleor; Hel. hlear; Engl. leer], a cheek, Edda 72; hlýra skúrir, tears, Ísl. ii. 352 (in a verse): metaph. of things, of a vessel, the bows (cp. Gr. παρεία, and kinnungr from kinn, a cheek), Edda (Gl.), Fms. iv. 377, Lex. Poët.
COMPDS: hlýrbirtr, hlýrroðinn, hlýr-garðr, hlýr-sól, hlýr-tungl, hlýr-vangr, from the gunwale being fenced with a wall of shields, Lex. Poët.: the cheeks of an axe, Nj. 28, Grett. (in a verse), Edda i. 392 (in a verse): in mod. usage the sides of a knife are called hlýrar, as also the two sides of a bodice.
m. friend, brother (poet.).
a, m., poët. a brother, frater germanus, only in poets, Lex. Poët. passim; perhaps orig. a ‘twin-brother.’
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n. (?), poët. a certain time of day, dœgr, hlýrn, röckr, Edda ii. 569; the exact meaning is not known, cp. Bjarn. 59 (in a verse).
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m., poët. the sky, heaven, Alm. 13, Lex. Poët. passim.
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adj. stained on the bows, Orkn. 332.
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part. = μιλτοπάρηος, Od. ix. 125, = hlýrbirtr: the shield is called
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i. e. hlœða, ð, [hlaða, hlóð]; h. skip, to lade a ship; h. hest, to load, saddle a horse, Fb. i. 193, Skv. 1. 13, Hdl. 5: hlæðendr, part. pl., Orkn. (in a verse).
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m. a loader, Sighvat.
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n. ridicule, Hm. 19, Fms. vi. 151, Clem. 36, 42.
COMPDS: hlægi-orðr, hlægi-máll, and hlægi-máligr, adj. humorous, Fms. ix. 241, 249. hlægi-skip, n. an odd, curious ship, Sighvat.
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ð, properly hlœgja, [causal of hlæja], to make one laugh; at hundi elskar Andaðr … ok jöfur hlœgir, Fagrsk. 6 (in a verse); at engi maðr mundi sá vera at hann mundi eigi hlœgja með sínum gamansamlegum orðum, Sks. 118 B; at Ægir skyldi þat gera, er hón hugði at þeir skyldi eigi mega, at hlægja hana, to make her laugh, Edda 46: metaph. to gladden one, make one’s heart leap for joy, cheer one; þat hlægir mik, segir Skarphéðinn, áttú munt hefna mín, Nj. 202; þat hlœgir mik nú, at ek sé þat, nafni, at þinn sigr mun eigi langr vera, Fms. xi. 23; oss hlœgir þat eigi, Korm.; drottins-svikar er Djöful hlœgðu, Fms. v. 126 (in a verse).
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mod. hlægi-liga, adv. ridiculously, Fms. vi. 141.
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mod. hlægi-ligr, adj. ridiculous, laughable, Am. 53, Hkv. Hjörv. 30, Glúm. 351 (hlꜹgligr), Band. 38 new Ed. (see note).
(hlæ; hló, hlógum; hleginn), v.
1) to laugh;
~ hátt, to laugh loud;
~ at e-u, to laugh at;
þau tíðendi, er þeim hló hugr við, that gladdened their hearts;
2) ~ e-n, to laugh at, deride one.
pres. hlær, pl. hlægjum; pret. hló (qs. hlóg), 2nd pers. hlótt, mod. hlóst; pl. hlógu, mod. hlóu; pret. subj. hlægi; imperat. hlæ, hlaeðu; part. hleginn; [Ulf. hlahjan; A. S. hlihan; Engl. laugh; Hel. hlahan; O. H. G. hlahhan; old Frank, hlaka; Germ. lachen; Dan. le]:—to laugh, Hðm. 20, Skv. 3. 30, Am. 61, Akv. 24; h. hátt, to laugh loud, Skv. 2. 15; Grímr var ekki kátr, ok aldri hló hann síðan Helgi var fallinn, Dropl. 27; Grímr skelldi upp ok hló, 31; hví hlóttu nú? Fms. vi. 390; hló Vigfúss at? Halli mælti, þat er vani þeirra feðga at hlæja, þá er vígahugr er á þeim, Glúm. 367; hón hlaer við hvert orð, Nj. 18; h. dátt, to laugh heartily; skelli-hlægja, to roar with laughter; h. hlátr, Hildigunnr hló kalda-hlátr, Nj.: phrases, þá hló marmennill, then the merman laughed, of a sudden, unreasonable burst of laughter, Fas. Hálfs. S. ch. 7, Ísl. Þjóðs. i. 133: as also Merlin (1869), ch. 23; hugr hlaer, one’s heart laughs; at minn hugr hlægja við honum, Fas. i. 195; hlær mér þess hugr, Fms. xi. 96; þau tíðendi er þeim hló hugr við, ix. 494, v. l.; löngum hlaer lítið vit, long laugh, little wit; …
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(hlæ, hlætt), a. warm, mild (veðr var þykkt ok hlætt).
adj. (hlætt, n.), [akin to hlé, hláka, q. v., cp. hlýr], warm, mild; hlær vindr, Fms. ii. 228; blíðari ok hlærri en aðrir vindar, Sks. 219; veðr var þykt ok hlætt, Fbr. 13; en Ginnunga-gap var svá hlætt sem lopt vindlaust, Edda 4.
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n. mild weather, a thaw; heiði ok í hlæveðri, Hom. 127.
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m. [hlaða], a destroyer, vanquisher, Lex. Poët.: a pr. name, Fas.
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f., gen. Hlakkar, [perh. akin to A. S. hlanc, Engl. lank = thin, slender]:—one of the heathen Valkyriur, Edda, Gm. passim; and in compds, Hlakkar-, Lex. Poët. passim.
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f. [hlam], a thump, Fms. vi. (in a verse), Höfuðl.
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m. ‘thumper,’ poët. the wind, Edda (Gl.)
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f. a thumping, = hlamman.
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adj. [akin to hlúki], mean, filthy, Fms. ix. 32: as also hlœkendr, part. pl. id., see Eb. 132, note 4 new Ed.
n. neck-bone.
n. the occipital bone, Orkn. 50.
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see dramb.
f. the flesh and skin on the nape.
u, f. the flesh on the nape, Gullþ. 27.
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f. the ‘nape-pit,’ hollow in the nape of the neck.
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u, f. the flesh on the head of a fish.
m. the back of the head, nape of the neck.
a, m. [Dan. nakke; Swed. nacke; cp. A. S. hnecca; Engl. neck, although in a different sense]:—the nape of the neck, back of the head, occiput, N. G. L. i. 339, Fms. ii. 272 (v. l.), vii. 192, viii. 77; Nj. 96; setja (snúa) hnakka við e-m, to turn the back on one, Sighvat, Hom. 68; settu hnakkann á bak sér aptr, áðr þeir fengu séð upp yfir, Edda 30; hnakka dyttr, Orkn. (in a verse).
COMPDS: hnakkabein, hnakkadramb, hnakkafilla, hnakkagróf, hnakkakúla.
m.
1) nape = hnakki;
2) stool = knakkr.
m. an anchor-stone, similar to the mod. dreki and stjóri (εὐναί in Homer), whence hnakk-band, hnakk-mið.
II. a man’s saddle, freq. in mod. usage, which distinguishes between a söðull (a side saddle) and hnakkr, but it seems not to be found in old writers, except in hnakkmarr above.
III. = knakkr, q. v.; stólar fjórir, knakkr, lectari, Pm. 17 (in a church’s inventory).
n. anchor cable.
n. (see hnakkr), an anchor cable; heimtu þeir upp akkeri sín, ok brast (sic) hnakkböndin, Lv. 99.
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m. a saddle-horse, Ýt. 10.
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m. a buoy fastened to an anchor (?); ef menn draga upp akkeri með sínu akkeri, ok fylgir hvártki strengr né hnakkmiði, Jb. 403; hnykkja hnakkmiða, to move the anchor, change a ship’s berth, Fs. 92 (in a verse of A. D. 996).
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m. a club or cudgel used by fishermen in killing sharks.
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að, to huddle together (e. g. of sheep).
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n., Landn.:
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n. a button-hole.
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m. men from H., id.
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m. [cp. Engl. nape; A. S. cnæp; Germ. knopf], a button; the older form is knappr, q. v.
COMPDS: hnappagat, hnapprass.
II. a bevy, cluster, esp. of birds, sheep, as fjár-hnappr.
COMPDS: hnappsitja, Hnappafell, Hnappfellingar.
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m. a nickname.
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sat, to keep the sheep huddled together instead of being spread over the pasture, of a bad shepherd; þú skalt ekki h. það, því þá dettr úr því nytin, Piltr og Stúlka 9: a local name,
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part. rising high, as the stem of a ship (knörr, q. v.)
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adj. [cp. A. S. hnæsc], brisk, alert; hann er hnaskr (convers.)
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n. turmoil; bú-hnauk, household bustle, Bb. 2. 5.
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að, to bustle, (slang.)
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m. a sod, a flag of turf, Lat. cespes; torf-hnauss, klumbu-h., snið-h.; the old true form is knauss, whence Dan. knös.
(að), v. to clasp with the fist.
að, to clasp with the fist, Eb. 90 new Ed., Karl. 356.
n. a blow with the fist.
n. a blow with the fist, Fms. iii. 78, Fas. i. 446, N. G. L. ii. 223.
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n. a writing-tablet, πινακίδιον, Luke i. 63.
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u, f. or
m.
1) closed hand, fist;
2) the king in hnefa-tafl.
a, m. the king in a kind of chess played by the ancients, Fas. ii. 68: the game was called hnefa-tafl, n., which is variously spelt—nettafl, Gullþ. 20, and hnettafl, Grett. 144 A (which are contracted or assimilated forms); hneftafl, Mork. 186, Fms. vi. 29, Fas. i. 284; hnottafl (a bad form), Fas. i. 476 in a spurious verse, and in Krók. ch. 10; hnefa-tafl (the true form), Fas. i. 67. The game is best described in Friðþ. S. ch. 3, and in one of the riddles in Hervar. S. (where however the rhymed replies are not genuine): ‘Who are the maids that fight about their unarmed lord, the dark all day defending, but the fair slaying?’ The players were two, as in chess; there was only one king (hnefi), here called the ‘unarmed lord;’ the pieces (töflur) were white and red, the white attacking, the red defending the hnefi; þat er hneftafl, enar dökkri verja hnefann, en hinar hvítari sækja, Fas. i. 474; þat er húninn í hneftafli, 476: pieces made of silver are recorded in Gullþ. S., of walrus-bone in Krók. l. c. For the general use of this game, cp. the dialogue between the two brother kings, Mork. …
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m.
1) closed hand, fist;
2) the king in hnefa-tafl.
a, m., nefi, N. G. L. ii. 223; [Scot. neif or nieve; Dan. næve; Swed. näfve; but the word is not found in A. S. or Germ.]:—the fist, Grág. ii. 14, 133, Stj. 597; reiða hnefann, to clench the fist, Edda 36; láta hnefa skjalla e-m, 54 (in a verse); þá setti Ófeigr hnefann á borðit ok mælti, hversu mikill þykki þér hnefi sjá, Guðmundr? Lv. 67; geta til launa í hnefa e-m, Sturl. iii. 151:—a nieveful.
COMPDS: hnefahögg, hnefaspjald.
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f. or
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að, to neigh; see gneggja.
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f. a bowing, bending, Rb. 474: gramm. inflection.
(-ða, -ðr), v.
1) to bow, bow down, bend, incline; h. sik, to make a bow; h. sik til við e-n, to bow down, pay homage to one; h. e-m, to bow down to one; h. eptir e-m, to be biassed towards one;
2) refl., ~st, to lean; h. af villu, to forsake heresy; h. til e-s, to lean towards a person; h. fyrir fortölur e-s, to be swayed by another’s persuasions.
ð, [Goth. hnaivjan; A. S. hnægan; Germ. neigen; Dan. neje]:—causal from hníga, to bow, bow down, bend, incline; h. höfuð, Ísl. ii. 274; h. sik, to make a bow; h. sik fyrir e-m, to bow oneself before a person (in greeting), 625. 86, Stj. 185; h. eyru sín, to incline one’s ear, Sks. 275, Ps. xl. 1; h. sik til við e-n, to bow down, pay homage to one, Fms. vii. 17; h. sik ok sveigja, to bow oneself and sway, Stj. 61: h. hugi sínum, to incline one’s mind, Hom. 53; víkja eðr h. hendi né fæti, Stj. 204; h. e-m (sik understood), to bow down to one, Fms. ii. 133, Sks. 291: with prepp., h. af, to decline from, swerve from, Stj. 332; h. eptir e-m, to be biassed towards, Orkn. 134.
II. reflex. to lean; konungr hneigðisk at hásætinu, Fms. ii. 139; h. frá e-m, to go away from, Stj. 497; h. undan, to escape, 625. 68; h. til e-s, to lean towards a person, side with him, Fms. vii. 18; h. frá réttum dómi, to deviate from, Hom. 135; h. af villu, to forsake heresy, Fms. x. 301; h. fyrir fortölur e-s, to be swayed by another’s persuasions, Sturl. …
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adj. declinable.
I)
f. disgrace, shame (gera, vinna, e-m hneisu). Cf. neisa.
II)
(-ta, -tr), v. to disgrace (h. e-n). Cf. neisa.
1. u, f., but better neisa (q. v.), see Hm. [Swed. nesa]:—shame, disgrace, Fms. viii. 20, x. 223, 346, 394, xi. 86, Ó. H. 107.
COMPDS: hneisu-liga (neisuliga), adv. disgracefully, Ísl. ii. 367, Fms. vii. 20, x. 222. hneisu-ligr, adj. disgraceful, Ísl. ii. 384.
2. t, to disgrace one; niðra ok neisa e-n, Stj. 67, 248, 512, Fms. x. 256, Bs. i. 392; but hneist, 106.
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n. = hneisa, Mork. 58.
(-tta, -ttr), v. to cut (rare).
u, f. the white saline dust covering a kind of seaweed (söl) when dried.
(-tta, -ttr), v. to cut (rare).
t, causal from hníta, q. v., to cut or wound (?); síðan kallaði Ólafr sverðit Hneiti, þvíat honum þótti þat hneita önnur sverð fyrir hvassleika sakir, i. e. it was keener than other swords, Fms. iv. 58: the same word is prob. the true reading in Fas. ii. 131 (viz. hneittir for kveittir).
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m. [hneita, the verb], Cutter, name of the sword of St. Olave, Lex. Poët. passim, but only after St. Olave’s time; neither can the verse in Gísl. 65 have been composed before that time: a vanquisher, Þd.
f. check, rebuff (hafa ~).
f. a check, rebuff, Am. 56, Glúm. 337, Greg. 19, Bret. 62, Sturl. i. 217.
m. check, rebuff (hafa hnekking).
m. one who checks another, Lex. Poët.
m. bump on the head.
m. a bump on the head, in a pun, Glúm. 383, Fas. ii. 407.
(-ta, -tr), v.
1) to drive back, with dat. (síðan lét Egill ~ nautunum út á mýrar);
~ e-m frá, to repel, repulse;
2) to check, thwart, prevent;
~ för sinni, to halt and go back again;
~ vándu ráði, to prevent an evil deed;
3) to fall back, withdraw (~ Írar nú frá).
t or ð, [hnakki], to throw back, check; síðan lét Egill hnekkja nautunum út á mýrar, he had the neat-cattle driven back, Eg. 711, 712, Grág. i. 293, Landn. 281, Sturl. ii. 176, Gþl. 460, N. G. L. i. 59; h. för sinni, to halt and go back again, Sturl. i. 167; hnekðumk heiðnir rekkar, the heathen rogues turned me out, Sighvat.
2. to thwart, prevent; Andreas bað lýðinn at þeir hnekki eigi písl hans, 656 B. 1; h. vándu ráði, to prevent an evil deed, Fms. v. 198, viii. 60 (thwarted it); mun þat eigi hér h., iv. 194; ok hnekði þat, 15.
3. with prep.; h. e-m frá, to repel a person, Fms. x. 100, Ld. 186 (of a wooer).
II. to fall back, hobble back; hann féll eigi við höggit ok hnekti þá í mot þeim, Gullþ. 29, Landn. 153 (of one maimed in battle); hnekkja Írar nú frá, Ld. 78, Sturl. iii. 205: part. hnektr, abashed, checked; h. ok lútr, 656 B. 1.
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adj. [hnallr], brawny.
(-ta, tr), v.
1) to curtail;
hneppt em ek at brœðrum, I am bereft of brothers;
2) to thrust, force (Hrólfr hneppti hann undir sik, ok setti kné fyrir brjóst honum);
~ fólk í þrælkan, to keep a people bound in thraldom.
u, f. a being bent or bowed down. hneppu-sótt, f. a kind of disease, Fél. xiv. 100.
(-ta, tr), v.
1) to curtail;
hneppt em ek at brœðrum, I am bereft of brothers;
2) to thrust, force (Hrólfr hneppti hann undir sik, ok setti kné fyrir brjóst honum);
~ fólk í þrælkan, to keep a people bound in thraldom.
1. t, [Engl. to nip, knap], to cut short, curtail; vilja heldr hneppa við sik þann eina búninginn, to curtail oneself in dress, Hom. (St.): also, hneppa e-n undir sik, to keep one under, a wrestler’s term, Fas. iii. 353; h. í þrældóm, to keep bound in thraldom, Sks. 465:—slóðu upp og hnepptu hann út af borginni, thrust him head-foremost out, Luke iv. 29: metric. a monosyllabic end syllable is called hneppt, Edda (Ht.): part. hnepptr, crippled.
2. t, different from the last word, to button; see kneppa.
adv. scarcely, scantily.
adv. too sparingly, Stj. 25, Ld. 106.
a. scant; ætla hneppt til jólanna, to make scant provision for Christmas.
adj. [Dan. knap], scant, Hkr. i. 154, Grett. 169; ætla hneppt til Jólanna, to make scant provisions for Yule, Fb. ii. 185, Fms. iv. 235.
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t, = hnippa; h. höfðum, and stinga saman nefjum, Sighvat.
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að, to sneeze.
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a, m. (older form hnöri or hneri, with a single r, Edda. ii. 430; hneyri, Thom. 308), a sneeze, Orkn. 448. A plague is said to have set in once upon a time with sneezing, therefore when a person sneezes an Icel. says, Guð hjálpi þér! cp. Germ. helf Gott! Engl. Bless you ! see Ísl. Þjóðs. i.
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u, f. the piece of the hnefi. ☞ See the remarks s. v. halatafl, p. 234, and húnn, p. 293, but the whole passage in Grett. is obscure.
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f., Fas. i. 463, v. l., or
f. shame, disgrace.
f. shame, rebuff, disgrace; h. eðr svívirðing, Stj. 67, 68 (v. l.); hneyking ok niðran, 25; göra e-m h., Fms. iv. 243; hneykingar staðr, as a rendering of the word Babylon, Mar. 10.
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adj. (-liga, adv.), shameful, Mar.
(-ta, -tr), v. to put to shame, confound, with acc. (h. grimmleik heiðinna þjóða).
u, f. shame. hneykju-för, f. a journey of disgrace, defeat, Hrafn.
(-ta, -tr), v. to put to shame, confound, with acc. (h. grimmleik heiðinna þjóða).
ð or t, to put to shame, defeat, confound, with acc.; at berjask við þá er yðr hafa hneykt, Fms. x. 231; þá er hann hafði herjað ok hneykt grimmleik heiðinna þjóða, iv. 66; andskotann hneykðir þú, 623. 35; eigi munu vér þá hneykðir, we shall not then be confounded, 34; hneykjask ok svívirðask, to be confounded, Stj. 241; hverr vætti urn aldr í þinni miskun ok hneykðisk síðan, Th. 25.
2. with prep.; hneykja at e-u, to scoff at a thing; sá er hneykir at því er allir leyfa mun göra sik at fífli (= lastar það sem allir lofa), he who scoffs at what all folk praise is a fool, a saying, Sighvat.
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often spelt hneixla, að, to offend, eccl., the rendering of Gr. σκανδαλίζω in the N. T.; en ef þitt hægra auga hneyxlar þig, Matth. v. 29, 30, xviii. 6, 8; h. sik, xi. 6, Luke xvii. 2: pass. to be offended, xiii. 21, xv. 12, xxiv. 10, John vi. 61, xvi. 1; hneyxlast á e-m, Matth. xiii. 57, xxvi. 31, 33. ☞ The spirited etymology given by Vídalin in his Michaelmas Sermon, comparing the metaphors of the Greek and Icel. words, is true in sense but not to the letter: þetta á vel saman á vora tungu, því ‘hneixli’ drögum vér af því orði að ‘hníga’ eðr ‘hneigja,’ því sá sem hneixli af sér gefr, hann kemr öðrum til að hníga eðr rasa, og hneigir hann til vondra verka, Vídal. ii. 153, 154.
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f. an offence, = Gr. σκάνδαλον, Matth. viii. 7, xvii. 27, Luke xvii. 1, Rom. ix. 33, 1 Cor. i. 23, Gal. v. 11.
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adj. (-liga, adv.), offensive, Matth. xvi. 23.
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a, m. an offender, Matth. xiii. 41.
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or hneyxl (qs. hneyksli), n. disgrace, dishonour; metnaðr snýsk í hneyxl, 677. 7; af sekðinni getask hneyxlin, 656 B. 7; mál hvert er maðr mælir við annan mann svá at honum horfir til hneyksla, defamation, Gþl. 197 (Jb. 108 A); h. (nœyxl) ok niðran, Barl. 20:—in mod. usage = Gr. σκάνδαλον, Rom. xi. 9.
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n. pl. calumny, foul language; glott ok h., Ó. H. 151.
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better nezla, u, f. a button-loop.
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að, = niðra (q. v.), to disparage, pull down.
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m. pl. a mythical pr. name, = Niflungar, Germ. Niebelungen, with an aspirate in alliteration, Hkv. 1. 47, Stor., Gh. 11, Am. 45, 86.
(að), v. to begin to sink, decline (e-rr er, gerist, ~ndi).
að, [hníga], to begin to sink, decline: impers., e-m hnignar, or e-m fer hnignandi, to be in a decline, Grett. 151; þóat honum væri nokkut hnignandi, though he was somewhat stricken in years, Ísl. ii. 29.
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f. a declining, decline.
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and Hnikaðr, m. a name of Odin, Edda 38, Gm.
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n. a kind of barley, Edda (Gl.)
a. drooping, downcast.
adj. drooping, desponding; see hnípa.
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m. a kind of bird, a pelican, Björn.
(að), v. to become downcast, to droop (~ði þá Grani).
að, [Ulf. ga-nipnan, Mark x. 22; A. S. hnipian], to droop, despond, Gkv. 2. 5, 7, Skv. 3. 13: in Shetl. neebin is nodding drowsily.
(-ta, -t, or að), v. to poke; ~dði kolli hverr at öðrum, they laid their heads together, nodded significantly;
refl., ~st, to quarrel (= h. við); h. orðum við e-n, to bandy words with one.
t, to poke one in the side: in the phrase, hnippa kolli hver at öðrum, to nod with the head one to another, nod significantly, Grett. 147; hnippa í e-n, to poke a person in the side, so as to wake him from a doze, hnippask, to elbow one another, Gullþ. 61, Fs. 152, 153; h. við e-n, id., Fms. vii. 243; lengi hafa vórir frændr við hnippsk, Valla L. 210.
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f. puny quarrels, Fas. i. 92; orða-h., a bandying of words.
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n. a crouching position; í hnipri.
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að, h. sig, to crouch.
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u, f. [cp. Gr. κνισα], steam or smell from cooking, esp. an ill flavour. hnissu-bragð, n. disflavour.
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n. forging: poët. the clash of battle, Höfuðl.
(að), v. to weld together.
1. að, [cp. Dan. nitte sammen; akin to hníta], to clasp or weld together with a hammer, Gísl. 14, Fas. i. 316.
2. að, [see neit], to gleam white like flour, Pál Vídal. (in a ditty).
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f. the act of welding.
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að, dep. to quarrel, kick one another, Rb. 360.
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adj. hitting, facetious: hnittni, f. a hit, piece of wit, (mod.)
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n. pl. the ‘clinched crags,’ the mythol. name of the crags where the poetical mead was kept, Edda.
m. ‘near brother’.
m. a ‘clasp-brother,’ an adversary, Hým. 23, (poët.)
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að, to take near aim at.
(hníg; hné and hneig, hnigum; hniginn), v.
1) to fall gently, sink down (hné Guðrún höll við bólstri); h. at armi e-m, to sink into one’s arms;
2) to flow (hnigu heilög vötn af himinfjöllum);
3) to sink down, fall dead (= h. at velli); h. at grasi, í gras, to bite the grass;
4) to incline, turn; eigi mátti sjá hvernig h. mundi, which way the scale would turn (in a battle);
5) h. til e-s, to turn towards (var jafnan þeirra hlutr betri, er til hans hnigu); h. til liðs, hjálpar við e-n, to side with one pp., hniginn, advanced (stricken) in years, = h. á aldr, h. at aldri; of a door, shut; var hurð hnigin, the door was down; hurð hnigin á hálfa gátt, á miðjan klofa, half shut, half down.
pres. hníg; pret. hné, hnétt, hné, pl. hnigu; sing. hneig is very rare in old vellum, e. g. Sks. 112, Fms. vi. 280, viii. 21, Mork. 60, Fb. i. 106, Ó. H. 89, else always hné, as also in mod. poets—Jesú blóð hér til jarða hné | jörðin aptur svo blessuð sé, Pass. 3. 10; part. hniginn: with neg. suff., pret. hnék-at, Og. 11; pres. hnígr-a, Hm. 159, Eg. (in a verse); [Ulf. hneivan = κλίνειν, Luke ix. 12; A. S. hnîgan, pret. hnâh; O. H. G. hnîgan; cp. hneig-ja]:—to bow down, sink, fall gently; of a stream, the sun, a felled tree, a dying man, etc., heilög vötn hnigu af fjöllum, Hkv. 1. 1; fóru þar til er vötn hnigu til vestr-ættar af fjöllum, Orkn. 4; tré tekr at hníga ef höggr tág undan, Am. 56: to sink, fall dead, h. at velli, Hkv. 2. 8; Baldr er hné við bana-þúfu, Hdl.; Hamðir hné at húsbaki, Hðm. 32; hnígra sá halr fyrir hjörum, Hm. 159, Skm. 25, Hkm., Nj. 191; hniginn fyrir oddum, Darr.; hniginn í hadd jarðar, Bm.; hné hans um dólgr til hluta tveggja, hendr ok höfuð hné á annan veg, Skv. 3. 23; ok kvað annan-hvárn verða at h. fyrir öðrum, Ísl. ii. 263; sinn veg hné hvárr þeirra af húsmæninum, 195; síðan hné hann aptr ok var þá dauðr, Ó. …
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(-ta, -t), v. to be downcast, droop (hann hnípti í jörðma).
t, [in Ulf. ganipnan = στυγνάζειν, Mark x. 22; A. S. hnipian = to bow]:—to be downcast, droop; hnípði drótt ok drúpði, people were downcast and drooping, Ód. 25: haukar þínir hnípa, Fas. i. 175; hann (the horse) hnípti í jörðina, 205; hnipaði, pret., 197, (better hnipnaði or hnípandi, part.)
II. the part. hnipinn (sitja or vera hnipinn, to sit drooping and downcast; döpr ok h., Ísl. ii. 195, Edda 22, Fms. vi. 236 in a verse, Sól. 43) refers to a lost strong inflexion (hnípa, hneip, hnipu).
f. porpoise.
u, f., gen. pl. hnísna, Pm. 69:—a dolphin, delphinus phocaena, Grág. ii. 337, 358, Gþl. 456, Sks. 121, Hkr. iii. 279, Fms. vii. 161.
II. a kind of weathercock on a ship; en þat hefir at gengit um daginn á skipi Odds at hnísa hefir gengit af (v. l. to húsa-snotra), Fas. ii. 210.
(hneit, hnitu), v. to strike, wound; hjörr hneit við hjarta, steel touched the heart.
pres. hnít, pret. hneit, pl. hnitu, a defect. verb: [akin to hnita; A. S. hnîtan = tundere; Dan. nitte]:—to strike, wound to the death; lér (the scythe) hneit við Hrungnis fóta-stalli (his shield), Kormak; but chiefly used in emphatic phrases, of a heart-wound, hneit þar! við hneit þarna! Gísl. 22, 106; en er hón þreifaði um síðuna þá mælti hón, þar hneit viðna! Fms. iii. 73; hón kvað hvergi stórum við hníta, Korm. 6; hvergi þykki mér við hníta, Ísl. ii. 343; the last three passages refer to a superstition that the touch of a wise woman made one’s body ‘wound-proof;’ in Rd. ch. 5 (at end) the words ‘ok þótti henni þar við hníta,’ or the like, have been dropped by the transcriber: in poetry the allit. phrase, hjörr hneit við hjarta, the steel touched the heart, Korm. ch. 17 (in a verse); or, egg hneit við fjör seggja, Fms. vii. 71; hneit mér við hjarta hjörr Angantýs, Fas. i. 427; hvast hneit (beit MS.) hjarta ið næsta hættligt járn, Fbr. (fine); þar hneit við, sem …, it cut him to the quick, that …, Thom. 397; hnitu reyr saman, the weapons clashed together, Ísl. ii. 353 (in a verse), Fms. ii. 318 (in a verse).
(hnýð; hnauð; hnoðinn), v. to rivet, clinch (Helgi hnauð hjalt á sverð).
pres. hnýð, pret. hnauð, pl. hnuðu, part. hnoðinn; [cp. Ulf. hnuþo = σκόλοψ, 2 Cor. xii. 7]:—to rivet, clinch; Helgi hnauð hjalt á sverð, Nj. 66; hann þrífr upp nefsteðja einn mikinn, þar hafði Vigfúss áðr hnoðit við sverðs-hjölt sín, Fms. xi. 133; hnjóða rauða, to forge iron, Fs. 177 (in a verse), cp. Fms. i. 177; spjót ok tveir geirnaglar í, eða sá einn er í gegnum stendr, ok hnoðit (noðin, v. l.) at báða vega, N. G. L. ii. 42; ási hnauð hjarta (acc.) við síðu, the yard has clinched ribs and heart together, Fs. 113 (in a-verse); marr hnauð mínum (munar?) knerri, id.
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m., prop. rivetting: metaph. blame, censure.
m. rivetting, hammer; also as a nickname.
(mod. hnoð-h.), m. a rivetting hammer, Fb. iii. 446.
(hnýs, hnaus), v. to sneeze.
a different word, to stumble, of a horse against a ‘hnauss’ (q. v.); hann hnýs um hverja þúfu, Snót 157; perh. akin to A. S. hnossian = tundere.
(hnýs, hnaus), v. to sneeze.
hnýs, hnaus; the noun hnöri or hneri (q. v.) refers to a lost pret. hnöri, analogous to fröri from frjósa, köri from kjósa; [Germ. niesen; Dan. nyse; Swed. nysa]:—to sneeze, Orkn. 448, Hbl. 26: now obsolete in Icel., see hnerra.
m. touchwood, = fnjóskr.
m. [akin to A. S. hnysc or hnesc, Old and North. E. nesh, = soft, tender; whence prob. Engl. nice]:—touchwood, = fnjóskr (q. v.), Fms. vii. 225, v. l.; hnjósk-þurr = fnjósk-þurr: in local names, Hnjóska-dalr, m., Landn.; Hnjósk-dælir, m. pl. the men from H.; Hnjósk-dælskr, adj., Rd. 259.
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a. m., dub. a belt worn by a wise woman, Þorf. Karl. 374.
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hnaut, to stumble; hestrinn hnaut þá á fram, Bs. ii. 449 (16th century); no doubt corrupt for hnjósa.
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m. a knob in turf or a field, það sér ekki á hæstu hnjóta, when the ground is covered all over with snow.
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and hnúkr, m. a knoll, peak.
n. clew.
n. [hnjóða], a clew, Ó. H. 152, Pr. 422.
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a, m. a fleece or flock of wool; ullar-h., freq.: metaph., ský-h., a fleecy cloud, boding a rising gale: botan., hellu-h., see hella.
m. clincher nails.
m. a clinching nail, rivet, Sks. 30.
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a, m. the small metal hooks holding the thread in a distaff: metaph., strák-hnokki, an urchin.
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part. [hnúka], bowed, curved.
(pl. -ir), f. costly thing, ornament (hverr vildi mér ~ir velja).
f. [prob. from A. S. hnossian = to hammer, as smíð from smíða], a costly thing, esp. in plur. of a lady’s ornaments, Hkr. i. 16, Edda 21, Fms. xi. 428 (hnossa-smíði), Am. 53, Gh. 6, 18, Gkv. 2. 20, Harms. 40, Líknarb. 13, Orkn. 154 (in a verse): mythol. the goddess Hnoss, a daughter of Freyja and sister to Gersemi, Edda 21.
II. freq. in mod. usage, but usually neuter, and used in sing. as well as in plur.; himneskt miskunar hnoss, Pass. 36. 3; = N. T. βραβειον, einn er sá sem hnossið meðtekr, 1 Cor. ix. 24; eg skunda … eptir því hnossi, Phil. iii. 14; dýrðar-h., the prize of glory.
COMPDS: hnossfjöld, hnossgæti, hnossgætr.
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f. a number of costly things, Sighvat.
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n. a dainty.
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adj. dainty.
(gen. -ar, pl. hnetr), f. nut.
f., pl. hnetr, or better hnötr, mod. hnotir; [A. S. hnyt; Engl. nut; O. H. G. hnuz; Germ. nuss; Dan. nöd; Swed. nöt; Lat. nux]:—a nut, Str. 20, Fms. v. 175, Edda 46. hnotar-skurn, f. a nut-shell, 625. 1.
m. nutwood, hazelwood.
m. a ‘nut-shaw,’ nut-wood; in the phrase, á hnotskóg, to go a-nutting, Nj. 129, Fas. ii. 59, Sams. 8.
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n. a corrupt form for hneftafl, p. 275.
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a, m. [nosi, p. 457]; en á meðan önnur var að koma í lag hnósanum sem þær ætluðu að láta í vögguna, of an ungainly changeling swathed and put into the cradle, Ísl. Þjóðs. i. 48.
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að, to squeeze, (slang.)
pp. from ‘hnöggva’;
bereft (miklu ~).
part., see hnöggva.
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n. adj. a kind of apocopate metre, Edda (Ht.) v. 75.
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að, to pilfer; hnupl, n. pilfering. hnupl-samr, adj.
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m. [akin to hnyðja; Ulf. hnuþo = σκόλοψ], a knob, ball; borgarmenn veltu á þá steinum ok hnúðum, Róm. 277; ‘saxa et sudes’ of Sallust, B. J. ch. 57: staf-hnúðr, a knob at the end of a stick, a hump, whence hnúðr-bakaðr, adj. hump-backed.
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u, f. a law term, used of a female slave who, having committed theft thrice, was to have both ears and nose cut off, and was henceforth called stúfa or hnúfa (spelt nufa), N. G. L. i. 85,—en ef hón stelr hit þriðja sinn þá skal skera af henni nef, þá heitir hón stufa ok nuva ok steli æ sem hón vill.
II. a nickname, Ölver h., one of the poets of king Harold Fairhair; cp. Lat. Naso, Silus, Silius, Eg., Landn.
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a defect. strong verb, to chop off; áðr ek hnauf (MS. wrongly hnof) höfuð af Hniflungum, Gh. 12; a απ. λεγ. In old writers and in mod. usage this verb is obsolete, but it still survives in provincial Norse, where it belongs to the 3rd class of strong verbs, nuva, nauv, see Ivar Aasen’s Grammar (1864), p. 203, l. 2; cp. also the following word.
(-ta, -t), v. to sit cowering.
ð, to sit cowering, Ls.
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m. = hnjúkr: a local name.
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að, = knúska, q. v.
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m. a knot, e. g. in a bed.
f. = knúta.
u, f. = knúta.
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m. a knot, = knútr, Bs. i. 829.
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að, dep. to elbow one another; see hnippast.
f. club, rammer.
u, f. [hnjóða], a club, rammer used for beating and smoothing turf or stones in building.
(gen. -s, dat. hnykli; pl. hnyklar), m. knot, tumor.
m., dat. hnykli, [Dan. nögle; Swed. nyckel; prob. a dimin. derived from hnoða]:—a clew of yarn: metaph. a clew-like thing; þoku-hnyklar, ský-h., wreaths of fog and clouds: of a tumor, Fas. ii. 453.
m. a kind of peg (?).
m. a kind of peg, = hnakkr, Ld. 116.
f. pulling.
f. pulling, Fas. iii. 502.
(-ta, -tr), v. to pull violenty, with dat. (h. e-m til sin); h. e-u upp, to pull up a thing; absol., þykkist sveinninn hafa vel hnykkt, he thought he had made a good pull.
t, to pull violently by the hair or the like, with dat., Eg. 560; h. e-m til sín, Grág. i. 132; h. e-n af e-m, to snatch at a thing, Nj. 32, Orkn. 182; h. e-u upp, to pull up a thing. Glúm. 338.
2. absol. to pull or tug; sveinninn tók upp í kanp konunginum ok hnykði, Ó. H. 63; en hestr Lögmanns hnykði svá fast at hællinn gékk upp, Hkr. iii. 139; þykkisk sveinninn vel hafa hnykt, he thought he had made a good pull, Ísl. ii. 348: reflex. to box, Grett. 107 A.
II. metaph. in mod. usage; e-m hnykkir við, one is amazed.
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m. a wrestler’s term, a certain bragð in the Icel. glíma; hence metaph. device.
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f. = hnykking, Háv. 9 new Ed.
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t, [hnoss], to wrap up, prop. to board; vilda ek, at þú græfir mik þá er ek em dauðr ok hnysstir svá um mik … nógliga skal ek at þér hnyssa (= Lat. te induam), … þá er heilagr faðir hafði að honum hnysst öllum-megin, Vitae Patrum (Unger); in mod. usage Icel. say, hnyssa að e-m, to wrap a person up and make him snug, e. g. of a person in bed.
(-s, -ar), m. dolphin.
m. a kind of dolphin, delphinus minimus, Edda (Gl.), Sks. 120.
f. drinking-bout.
u, f. a carouse, drinking bout (?); vóru fyrst drukknar sveitar-drykkjur, síðan slógusk í hnýfildrykkjur, Sturl. iii. 126.
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m. (see knýfill), a short horn, Fb. i. 563; Hnýfill and Hnýfla, lambs with short horns.
2. the peak at the bow of a boat; stakst á hnýfil feigðar-far, Stef. Ól., freq.
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adj. short-horned; see knýflóttr: metaph. pointed, sharp, in reply.
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t, to scrutinise; see nýsa.
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1. adj., acc. hnoggvan, [A. S. hneaw, Engl. niggard], niggardly, stingy. Hnöggvan-baugi, a, m. niggard of rings, i. e. of money, a nickname, Fb. iii.
2. and hneggr, m. a flail, cudgel (= hnallr); ílla munu þeir kunna hnögginum (hnegginum, v. l.), er heiman hafa hlaupit frá kirnuaskinum, Fms. viii. 350; en Birkibeinar hljópu at þeim ok gáfu þeim hnegginn (v. l.) sem þeir vóru vanir, and gave them a sound thrashing, 405.
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or hnyggja, a defect. strong verb; pres. hnyggr; pret. hnögg (hnaugg), Thom. 503; part. hnugginn; [akin to hníga]:—to humble, bring down, with dat.; hnyggr þú andskotum, Fms. vi. 175 (in a verse); með hnöggvanda fæti, with staggering feet, Thom. 337; skip nyghðo (i. e. hnuggu, 3rd pers. pl. pret.), the ship lay adrift (?), Fagrsk. 44 (in a verse):—part. hnugginn, bereft; miklu h., bereft of much, Gm. 51; sigri h., Fms. vii. 58 (in a verse); h. hverjum leik, Lex. Poët.: sad, dismal, downcast, svip-h., a sad countenance, freq. in mod. usage.
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f. niggardliness, stinginess, Lex. Poët.
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adj. piebald (?); hesta tvá hnökkótta, Landn. 154.
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að, to touch or graze the bottom, in the phrase, það hnökrar, of a boat in shallow water, or of a horse crossing a stream.
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adj. knobly, pebbly, of stones.
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m. [hnallr], a large round stone, a large pebble, boulder. hnöllungs-grjót, n. pl. round pebbles.
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see hneri.
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m., hnöttóttr, adj., see knöttr.
a. taunting (hnœfilig orð).
adj. taunting; h. orð = hnœfilyrði, Hbl.
n. pl. taunts, gibes.
n. pl., so spelt in Ölk. 36 C, Fms. iv. 334; but hnýfil-yrði in Sturl. i. 20:—sarcasms, taunts, gibes.
f. hoard, treasure (poet.).
n. pl.,—the m. pl. hoddar, which occurs twice in verses of the 13th century (Sturl.), is a false and late form; [Ulf. huzd = θησαυρός; A. S. hord; Engl. hoard; O. H. G. hort]:—a hoard, treasure, only in poetry; hodd blóðrekin, Hkv. 1. 9; hodd Hniflunga, Germ. Niebelungen hort, Akv. 26; hodd (acc. pl.) ok rekna brodda, Fagrsk. (in a verse); góðum hoddum, Fas. ii. 312 (in a verse); granda hoddum, mæra e-n hoddum, Lex. Poët.; kveðja hodda (gen.), Eb. (in a verse); oddar roðnir hoddum, Arnór; halda hoddum fyrir e-m, Ísl. ii. 224 (in a verse).
2. poët. phrases, as hoddum haettr, hodda (gen.) brjótr, njótr, stökkvir, stríðir, þverrir, the breaker … of gold, a princely man: as also poët. cornpds, hodd-brjótr, -beiðandi, -finnandi, -geymir, -glötuðr, -lestir, -lógandi, -mildingr, -sendir, -skati, -spennir, -stiklandi, -stríðandi, -sveigir, -sviptir, -veitir, -vönuðr, all epithets of a lordly, princely man: so of women, hodd-gefn, -grund; the nouns, hodd-mildr, -örr, = liberal; hodd-dofi, a, m. stinginess; and the mythical pr. names Hodd-mímir, Hodd-dropnir, ‘gold-dripping,’ Sdm. …
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n. heathen temple.
n. [in A. S., Hel., and O. H. G. hof means a hall, Lat. aedes, (whence mod. Germ. hof = a farm, answering to Icel. bær or Norse ból,) and spec. the court or king’s household, (in the old Scandin. languages this sense is unknown); Ulf renders ναός and ἱερόν by alhs; in Danish local names -vé prevails, but in Norse and Icel. Hof still survives in many local names, Hof, Hof-garðr, Hof-staðir, Hofs-fell, Hofs-teigr, Hofs-vágr, Landn., Munch’s Norg. Beskriv.; and as the temple formed the nucleus of the old political life (see goði and goðorð), all these names throw light on the old political geography; cp. Hofland near Appleby in Engl.]:—a temple; distinction is made between hof, a temple (a sanctuary with a roof), and hörgr, an altar, holy circle, or any roofless place of worship: passages referring to hof and worship are very numerous, e. g. for Norway, Hkr. Yngl. S. ch. 12, Hák. S. Aðalst. ch. 16, Ó. T. ch. 76 (by Odd Munk ch. 41), Ó. H. (1853) ch. 113–115, O. H. L. ch. 36, Fær. ch. 23, Nj. ch. 88, 89, Fas. i. 474 (Hervar. S.); for Iceland, Landn. 1. ch. 11, 21, 2. …
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að, for. word, [Germ. hofiren], to be proud, haughty.
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f. haughtiness.
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m. = hugr (q. v.), mind, occurs in some compds, as hog-værð and hog-væri, f., hogvær-leikr, hogvær-ligr; see hóg.
(að), v. to crouch (h. eða skríða); h. undan, to slink away.
að, = hvika (q. v.), to waver; við hokit þér enn, Glúm. 380.
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part. (of a lost strong verb), bowed, bent, Fas. iii. 501.
(að), v. to crouch (h. eða skríða); h. undan, to slink away.
að, [North. E. to hocker], to go bent, crouch; h. eða skríða, to crouch or creep, Mirm.; hægt hokrar þú nú, Hornskeggi, sagði jötunn, Fas. iii. 386; h. at honum, Fbr. 12; þat verðr at hann hokrar undir klæðin hjá henni, Háv. 54; h. undan, to slink away, Fms. xi. 61; eigi stoðar at h. undan í hyrningar, Fbr. 168; h. at e-u, Ísl. ii. 405:—in mod. usage hokra also means to live as a small farmer; whence hokr, n., in bú-hokr, small farming.
n. hollow, cavity, esp. cavity of the body;
ganga (hlaupa) á ~, to pierce to the inwards (of weapons);
hit efra ~, the cavity of the chest;
neðra ~, the stomach.
n. [A. S. hol; Engl. hole, hollow; Dan. hule; Swed. håla; Germ. höhle, etc.]:—a hollow, cavity; lýstr vindinum ofan í holit verplanna, Fms. xi. 34, Boll. 340 (of a shield), but esp. a cavity of the body, Bs. i. 385: á hol, (piercing) to the inwards, Nj. 60, Fb. i. 146; ef blóð má falla á hol ór sári, if it bleeds inwardly, Grág. ii. 11, Gullþ. 66, Band. 42 new Ed.; í hol, id., 91; inn í holit, of the chest, Edda 76, Fs. 65; hit efra, neðra hol, the upper and nether hollow (i. e. the chest and stomach), N. G. L. i. 172, Sturl. iii. 54: a hole, = hola, stór hol, Bs. i. 321, Rb. 440; grafinn með hol, Thom. 468.
I)
f. hole, hollow.
II)
(að), v. to make hollow.
1. u, f. a hole, Fms. viii. 39, Gullþ. 22, Bs. i. 329, Sks. 148; botn-hola, q. v.; jarð-hola, an earth-hole; moldar-hola, músar-hola.
2. að, to make hollow, Al. 168, Mar. freq.
n.
1) flesh;
svörðr ok ~, skin and flesh;
bjarnar ~, bear’s flesh;
2) pl. fleshiness.
n. [A. S. hold; Dan. huld; Swed. hull], flesh; Ýmis hold, Vþm. 21; svörðr ok hold, skin and flesh, Eg. 770; þá var allt hold hans fúit ok öll klæði, Fms. iv. 110; þrútnar hörund eðr stekkr undan hold, Grág. ii. 15; hold né bein, Ephes. v. 30, Luke xxiv. 39; hold ok bein, flesh and bone; hold af mínu holdi, Gen. ii. 23: phrases, hold ok hjarta, flesh and heart, Hm. 95; hold ok hams, q. v.
2. edible flesh, meat = kjöt; beru hold, bear’s flesh, Vkv. 9; bjarnar hold, Sks. 191; lambs hold, lamb’s flesh, Hom. 82; hnísu hold, Fms. vii. 161.
3. plur. fleshiness, stoutness, fatness, esp. of cattle, Fbr. 17 new Ed.; ala fé svá at úhætt sé fyrir holda sakir, Grág. i. 431; at þat standi eigi fyrir holdum, 140; vera í góðum holdum, to be in good condition, freq.; góðu holdi (sing.), Bs. i. 350; hann er mesta holda hnyðja, of a fat person.
II. eccl. the flesh, rendering of Gr. σάρξ (whereas κρέας is rendered by kjöt); og þau munu eitt hold vera, Matth. xix. 5, 6; holds breiskleiki, Rom. vi. 19; vera í holdinu, to be in the flesh, vii. 5, 18, 25, viii. 1, 3, 9, 12, 13: …
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f. incarnation.
f., eccl. incarnation, Fms. i. 107, Rb. 84, N. T., Pass., Vídal.
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að, dep., eccl. to take flesh, be incarnate, Rb. 80, Mar., Stj., N. T., Vídal., Pass. passim: in a profane sense, ok holdguðumk ek svá með þessum hætti, Fms. x. 307.
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adj. fleshy, stout, Eb. 258.
a. fleshy; vel ~, well-fleshed.
adj. fleshy; vel holdr, well-fleshed, fat, Grett. 125, Vm. 28.
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f. leprosy.
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adj. leprous.
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a, m., poët. a raven, Edda (Gl.)
pp., ~ bróðir, one’s own brother.
part.; h. bróðir, a natural brother, Flóv. 52.
m. mortification.
a, m., medic. mortification, Bs. i. 190.
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adj. lean.
pp. grown to the flesh.
part. grown to the flesh, Hðm. 15, Edda 70, Fms. v. 344, Fas. i. 165: metaph. incarnate, inborn, Stj. 87.
a. carnal (holdlig ást); ~ bróðir, one’s own brother.
adj. (-liga, adv.), carnal, 677. 6, Barl. 142, 185, Bs. i. 850; in N. T. = Gr. σαρκικός.
a. lean.
adj. = holdgrannr, Bs. i. 312.
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adj. fat, stout.
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m. a ‘flesh-cutter,’ chopper, poët. a sword, Edda (Gl.)
f. fieshy side of a hide.
u, f. (hold-rosi, a, m.), the flesh side of a hide, Fas. i. 289.
f. = holdgan.
u, f., eccl. incarnation, Hom. 137, 141, Stj. 149.
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d, with dat., to help, Lat. favere, Eg. 480 (in a verse); a απ. λεγ., whence the participle pl. hollendr, helpers, followers, Grág. ii. 20, 21.
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m. an oath of fealty.
a.
1) faithful, loyal (~ e-m);
of the gods, gracious (holl regin);
2) wholesome, salutary (holl ráð).
adj. [hollari, hollastr; Ulf. hulþs, Luke xviii. 13; A. S. hold; O. H. G. and Germ. hold; Dan.-Swed. huld]:—of kings and chiefs, gracious; hull regin, Ls. 4; hollar vettir, Og. 10, Lex. Poët. passim; holl frændsemi, Eb. 116; vingaðr ok hollr e-m, Fs. 123; of subjects and followers, faithful, loyal; þú ert hollari Agli en Eireki konungi, Eb. 424; e-m hollost, Al. 71; sé Guð hollr þeim er heldr griðum, Grág. ii. 166, in the oath formula, where opp. to gramr; vera e-m h. ok trúr, Bs. i. 817, Lex. Poët. passim; vin-h., vil-h., favouring one.
II. of things, wholesome; heil ok holl ráð, 4. 11; hafa skal holl ráð hvaðan sem þau koma, a saying, = fas est et ab hoste doceri; holl forsjá, Fms. vi. 343; holl hirting, Al. 129; sjálfs hönd er hollost, a saying, Hkr. ii. 259.
2. so in medic. sense, þat er ekki hollt; ó-hollr, unwholesome.
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(hollosta), u, f. faith, loyalty; vil ek hafa þar til hollostu þína í mót, Fms.: esp. loyalty to a liege lord, h. við konung, Fb. ii. 265, passim.
2. wholesomeness, a wholesome thing; vil ek at þú þiggir at mér litla gjöf, en h. fylgir, Korm. 68.
COMPDS: hollostueiðr, hollustumaðr.
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m. a friend, partisan, Gþl. 61.
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adv. faithfully, Sks. 371, Hom. 63.
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adj. sincere.
a. giving wholesome counsel.
adj. giving wholesome counsel, Fms. ix. 462.
n. wholesome counsel.
n. wholesome counsel, Sks. 329 B.
a. hollow;
~ innan, hollow within (þetta guð er holt innan).
adj. [A. S. hol; O. H. G. holi; Engl. hollow; Dan. huul; Swed. hol; Gr. κοιλός]:—hollow; var leikit undan bökkunum svá at holt var með landinu, Grett. 131 A; holr steinn, Str. 32; holr innan, hollow within, Ó. H. 108, Njarð. 378; klappa eigi holan baug um e-t, not to hammer a hollow ring, i. e. to be quite in earnest, Fb. iii. 404; cp. hulda.
n.
1) wood (opt er í holti heyrandi nær);
2) rough stony ridge.
n. [A. S. holt = sylva; Germ. holz = lignum; in E. Engl. and North. Engl. holt means copsewood, and the word often occurs in local names]
1. prop. wood, copsewood, a coppice; but this sense is almost obsolete, though it remains in the saying, opt er í holti heyrandi nær, in a holt a hearer is nigh, answering to the Engl. leaves have ears, in Germ. die blätter haben ohren, Grett. 133: as also in old poems, holt ok hrár viðr, Skm. 32; ösp í holti, Hðm. 4; Hoddmímis holt, Vþm.; fara ór holti, to go from the woods, Vkv. 15: whence holt-skriði, a, m. ‘holt-creeper,’ poët. for a snake, Edda: holta-þór, m. reynard the fox: in laws, yrkja holt né haga, Gþl. 315; h. eða haga eða veiði-staði, 362; but otherwise rare in common prose, holt eðr skógar, Eg.; smákjörr ok holt, Fms. vi. 334: in local names, Holtsetar (Holsetar), m. pl. ‘holt-sitters,’ the men of Holsten; Holtseta-land, n. the land of the Holtsetar (Holstenland), whence the mod. Germ. Holstein. In barren Icel. …
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f., botan. moss campion, silene acaulis, Hjalt.
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f., botan. mountain avens, dryas.
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m. a name of the fox, Maurer’s Volksagen.
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a, m. a nickname, Bs.
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u, f. a path through a holt, Fms. iii. 22.
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m. a crag.
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a, m. a crag, Sturl. ii. 210.
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n. the rim of a holt (hill).
n. wooded ridge.
n. a ‘holt-ridge,’ Hým. 27.
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a, m. a hollow throat (= holgóma), a nickname, Landn.
n. blood from the inwards.
n. blood from the inwards, Eb. 242.
n. hollow pile of snow.
n. [fönn], hollow snow, such as has melted from beneath, Sturl. i. 85.
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u, f. a hollow wave, breaker, Hom. Il. xiii. 798.
a. having a hollow palate.
mod. holgóma, adj. with hollow gums, mumbling, Skálda 170.
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gróf, to suppurate, of a boil.
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hjó, to smite to the inwards, Fas. i. 506.
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adj. ‘hole-mouth,’ = holgóma, a nickname, Nj.
n. wound in a vital part.
n. a wound in a vital part. Fbr. 211, N. G. L. i. 67.
f. a wound entering the cavity of the body; mortal wound.
f. [cp. Ulf. hulundi = σπήλαιον], a wound reaching to the hollow of the body, a mortal wound, = holsár, Grág. ii. 11, Nj. 217. holundar-sár, n. = holsár, Nj. 110.
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(hol-unda), adj. wounded to the hollow of the body, Grág. ii. 91, N. G. L. i. 172.
(að), v.
1) to move backwards; h. hestinum undan, to back the horse;
2) to draw back, retreat (= h. aptr, á hæl, undan).
að, spelt opa, Korm. 60, Ísl. ii. 253 (see v. l.), Bs. i. 551, Gullþ. 19:—to bound backwards, to draw back, recoil; þá hopuðu þeir, Fms. vii. 254; sumir hopuðu sumir flýðu, 324: with prepp., hopaði konungr þá upp á borgar-vegginn, i. 104; hopa aptr, to draw back, vi. 419, Eg. 296; hopa á hæl, id., Al. 5, Nj. 170, Fms. viii. 134: hopa til, to take a leap, = skopa skeið, ix. 56; hopa undan, Ísl. ii. 253, Fbr. 66 new Ed., Bs. i. 551; þeir stóðu upp en hann hopaði út undan, Nj. 130; hopar hann þá hestinum undan, he backed the horse, 205.
2. to bound, of a horse; hestr opaði undir Narfa, Korm. 60; konungr hopaði þá hestinum ok forðaði fótum sínum, Fb. ii. 27.
II. metaph. phrase, hopar mér til vánar, it bounds for me to a hope, i. e. I hope or believe, Fms. i. 140; whence prob. Engl. hope, Germ. hoffen, which word is otherwise strange to the old Scandin. tongue.
III. reflex. hopask, to hope, Swed. hoppas, D. N. iv. 493 (Norse); unknown in the Icel.
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n. a hopping, skipping, Mar. hopp-danz, m. ‘skipping-dance,’ Bláus S.
(að), v. to hop, skip.
að, [Engl. hop], to hop, skip, bound, Stj. 249, Þiðr. 151 (of a dance), passim in mod. usage; h. yfir, to skip over, Alg. 368.
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adj. fair-skipping, springy, epithet of a girl, Eb. (in a verse).
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part. pinched, starved; grind-h., skin-h., skin and bone.
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að, dep. to become lean and pinched.
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n. a naut. term, direction, course; halda í horfinu, to keep the ship’s head to the wind, etc., opp. to letting her drive.
I)
(-ða, -t), v.
1) to turn (be turned) in a certain direction;
horfði upp eggin, the edge turned upwards;
suðr horfðu dyrr, the door looked south;
h. baki við e-m, to turn the back against one;
h. við e-m, to face one; fig. to set oneself against one (þeir er heldr höfðu við honum horft í sínum huga);
2) to look in a certain way, to have a certain appearance;
h. úvænt, to look unpromising (úvænt horfir um sættir);
hvárum horfir vænna, who is more likely to get the betler;
h. fastliga, erfiðliga, to look difficult;
horfir mjök í móti oss, matters look bad for us;
horfir til gamans mikils, there is a prospect of much entertainment;
3) refl., Hjalta þótti þá úvænt á ~st, H. thought that matters looked unpromising;
horfðust þeir Gizurr höfðum at, he and Gizurr lay with their heads together.
II)
(að), v. = hörfa.
ð, subj. hyrfði, Rb. 470, Skáld. H. 4. 21, Fms. xi. 76, [akin to hverfa, q. v.]:—to turn in a certain direction, Lat. vergere; horfði upp eggin, kjölrinn, the edge, keel, turned uppermost, Nj. 136, Ld. 142; h. frá landi, the ship turns towards the sea, Fms. xi. 101; er eigi veit hvárt söðull skal fram h. á hrossi eðr aptr, eða hvárt hann skal h., Grág. ii. 175; horfa bökum við e-m, to stand back to back, Hkr. iii. 384; horfa höfði til jarðar en fótum til himins, Post. 656 C. 37; hann hljóp æ sem horfði, he ran ever headlong on, Bret. 90; suðr horfðu dyrr, the doors looked south, Vsp., Fb. ii. 138; horfði botninn inn at höfðanum, Landn. 34; þótti honum ílla af sér h. fótrinn, i. e. the leg was awry, Sturl. ii. 63; hann horfði í lopt upp, Fs. 7.
II. to turn so as to look on, behold; hann horfði út ór hringinum, Ld. 276: with prepp. to look on, hón horfði þar á löngum, Ísl. ii. 274, passim; h. við e-m, to face one, Eg. 293; þeir bleyðask skjótt ef vel er við horft, Fms. vi. 312; h. öndurðr við, Ó. H. 183: metaph. to set oneself against a person, þeir er heldr höfðu við honum horft í sínum huga, Bs. …
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a. indecl. luckless; ~ er mér, luck has left me.
1. u, f. loss of luck; h. er mér, luck has left me, Fs. 98; kvaðsk þeim h. at þykkja, Fms. vii. 272.
2. perh. better n., cp. Eirsp. 141 (Ed. 1870), where horfin-heilla occurs as acc.
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að, to disappear, O. H. L. 11, (spelt hormna.)
n.
1) horn (of cattle); vera harðr í h. at taka, to be hard to take by the horns, hard to deal with;
2) drinking-horn;
3) horn, trumpet (blása í h.);
4) corner, angle; skýtr í tvau h. um e-t, there is a great difference between; skýtr í tvau h. með okkr, we are at variance;
5) nook, corner (in a house).
n. [A. S., Engl., O. H. G., Germ., Dan., and Swed. horn; Lat. cornu; Gr. κέρας]:—a horn (of cattle), antler (of deer), Gm. 26, Hkv. 2. 36, Sól. 55, Barl. 135, Ld. 120, Fas. ii. 506, Grág. ii. 122, N. G. L. i. 41, passim: metaph. phrases, vera harðr í horn at taka, to be hard to take by the horns, hard to deal with, Fær. 159, Fms. viii. 435, xi. 221, Hkr. ii. 91, Fb. i. 411; hlaupa um horn e-m, to leap round or by one’s horns, i. e. to evade, metaph. from a bull-fight, Sturl. iii. 256, Boll. 346; setja (hafa) horn í síðu e-m, to put one’s horn into a person’s side, i. e. to treat him spitefully, Gd. 49, passim: the phrase, gefa þræli frelsi frá horni ok knappi, to release a thrall from horn and clasp, i. e. to set him free, N. G. L. i. 228, prob. from the thrall’s neck-collar being of horn: horna-brækla, u. f. = brák, q. v., Finnb. ch. 29; horna-fláttr, m. flaying a hide with the horns, Fb. iii. 400; horna-tog, n. tow round the horns, Fb. i. 320.
II. the back-fin of a whale, Sks. 128; skera hval frá horni ok aptr í síðu, N. …
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u, f. a female hornungr (q. v.), N. G. L. i. 206.
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n. a wry look; líta h. til e-s.
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adj. horned, Stj. 132, passim; hornótt tungl (moon), id.
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a, m., poët. a ram, Edda (Gl.)
(-s, -ar), m.
1) bastard son;
2) scamp, outcast (vera h. e-s).
m. [A. S. hornung = bastard; Lex Romana ornongo; cp. Germ. winkel-kind and winkel-ehe = concubinatus; cp. bæsingr and Engl. bastard:—all of them with the notion of a corner for the illegitimate and outcast son, see Grimm R. A. 476]:—an old law term, a bastard son; in the Norse law the son of a freeborn wife, whose mundr has not been paid, and who is therefore illegitimate, N. G. L. i. 48, 228, cp. Hðm. 12; h. ok þýjar-barn, Fas. i. 495.
β. in Icel. law the son of a freeborn woman and a bondman, Grág. i. 178.
2. metaph. a scamp, outcast; vera hornungr e-s, Fms. xi. 7; munu margir verða þess hornungar er eigu, hann var görr h. bróður síns, i. 255; nú emk h. hylli hennar, I am her outcast, Kormak (in a verse).
m. sound of trumpets.
m. a sound of trumpets, Fms. vii. 202, Rb. 376, 380.
m. horn-bow.
a, m. a horn bow, Sks. 408, Karl. 352, Þiðr. 283, Fas. i. 502.
m. garfish or green bone.
m. [Dan. hornfisk], a garfish or green-bone: a nickname, Sturl.
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a, m., poët. a ram, Edda (Gl.)
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u, f. a kind of fish, esox belone, Dan. horngjæle, Edda (Gl.)
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adj. proud of his horns, epithet of a he-goat, Hým. 7.
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f. pl. horn buckles.
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n. pl. horn stirrups.
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n. a horn cup, Dipl. iii. 4.
f. old woman in the corner.
(horn-kona, horn-oka, horn-reka, u, f. all various readings), f. an old woman in the corner, a term of contempt, Nj. 52: mod. horna-skella, u, f. a term of contempt, one who is pushed about from one corner to another.
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a, m., poët. a raven, Edda (Gl.): as the name of a poet, Hkr.
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n. a kind of fish, the stickle-back, Ld. 76.
f. a scraper made of horn.
u, f. a scraper made of horn, used in the game called sköfuleikr (q. v.), Ísl. ii. 71.
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n. a horn buckle, Gþl. 359.
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m. a horn spoon, Fms. vi. 364 (in a verse), Hungrv. (pref.); mod. Icel., like the ancients, use horn spoons, and the handle is often ornamented with carved work.
m. corner pillar in a building.
m. a corner pillar in a building, Sturl. iii. 279, Landn. 42, Ld. 326, Hom. 95.
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m. a corner stone, Post. 645. 69, N. G. L. i. 345.
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f., Sturl. iii. 279; see horn above.
m.
1) starvation; detta, niðr í hor, to starve to death;
2) mucus from the nose.
m.
I. starvation; detta niðr í hor, to starve to death, Bs. i. 875; deyja úr hor, id. hor-dauðr, adj. starved to death, hor-ket, n. meat of a starved beast.
II. [A. S. horu = sordes], mucus from the nose, N. G. L. i. 351, Fas. iii. 653: in the saying, aptr sækir horr í nef.
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see hross.
a. wise (h. ok þögull).
adj. [A. S. horsc], wise; thus in the old Hm., horskr and heimskr, wise and foolish, good and wicked, are opposed, 19, 92, 93; horskr is opp. to ósviðr, Fm. 35, 36, cp. 37; h. ok þögull, the wise and silent, Hm. 6 (cp. σοφός και σιγων of Pythagoras); sá er vill heitinn h., Hm. 61; horskir hugir, wise minds, 90; en horska mær, the wise maiden, 95; it horska man, id., 101; horskar konur, Hbl. 17; h. halr, Skv. 3; heill ok h., Akv. 12, see Lex. Poët.; hvít ok horsk, of a maid, Rm. 36. This word is almost obsolete in prose, Sks. 207, Str. 31.
m. knowledge, wisdom.
m. an accomplishment, Hom. 144, Fms. xi. 439.
a. wise, noble.
adj. (-liga, adv.), brave, wise, noble; h. orð, Hom. 143.
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a, m. a ruffian, a nickname, Fms. xii.
a. pert, impertinent.
adj. impertinent, saucy, Fas. ii. 333: esp. used of boys who give rude replies, þú ert hortugr, strákr!
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u, f., botan. menyanthes, buck-bean, Hjalt.
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m., see dígull, Fas. ii. 149.
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a, m. dropsy caused by scanty food.
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m. a stop-gap, Germ. lücken büsser, Dan. fyldekalk, Fél. x. 286.
f. hose, legging.
u, f. [A. S. hosa; Engl. hose; Germ. hosen; Dan. hose]:—prop. the hose or stocking covering the leg between the knee and ankle, serving as a kind of legging or gaiter; the hose were often of fine stuff, hosna-reim, f. and hosna-sterta, u, f. a garter, Grett. 101, Nj. 214, Orkn. 404, Al. 44, O. H. L. 45, Eg. 602, Sks. 286, 405, Fms. vi. 381, viii. 265, Þiðr. 358, Fb. ii. 34: compds, skinn-hosa, dramb-hosa, leðr-hosa.
pp. wearing hose.
part. wearing hose, Sks. 286.
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interj. oho! 623. 16, MS. 4. 1.
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að, to toss in one’s arms or on one’s knees, e. g. a child, with dat.; hossa barni, freq.
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an interj. used in driving horses, hotta, að, to say ‘hott.’
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að, = mod. hossa, q. v. [Fr. hausser?]:—to exalt; þeir veita oss niðran … en hinir er oss hoza, veita oss aptrkast, but those who exalt us give us a check, Vitae Patrum (Unger).
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f. [cp. hossa], exaltation, vanity; hníga til hozanar eða hégóma-dýrðar, … til hozsanar (hozanar, v. l.) eða hégómligrar hræsni, Vitae Patrum (Unger).
interj. hoh! ah! oh!.
interj. ho! Fms. x. 338, Stj.; also a shepherd’s call.
(að), v. to shout ‘hoh’ (~ á féit).
að, to shout ‘ho’ or ‘hoy,’ of a shepherd, Grett. 111, Glúm. 311, Snót 221 (1866): also with dat. to call to the sheep, to gather them, þegar forsælan er komin ofan í slakkann þarna, þá er tími til fyrir þig að fara að hóa því (fénu) saman, Piltr og Stúlka 10.
I)
m.
1) moderation, measure;
kunna ~, to show (observe) moderation;
þá er ~ á (or at), then it is all right;
at ~i, tolerably, moderately (jarl svarar þessu at ~i vel);
e-t gegnir ~i, it is fair;
vel er þessu til ~s mikils, this affair is well settled;
ór ~i, beyond measure;
2) proportion, equal degree (hefði hann lið at því ~i, sem hann er sjálfr frœkn ok djarfr);
3) judgement (vil ek, at þú hafir þar engis manns ~ nema þitt).
II)
n. feast, banquet.
III)
from hefja.
n. [from a lost strong verb, hafa, hóf], moderation, measure; hóf ok stilling, Fms. ii. 38; kunna hóf, to shew moderation; allt kann sá er hófit kann, a saying, Gísl. 27; görit þeim þá ina fyrstu hríð, at þeir kunni hóf sín, i. e. give them a good lesson! Fms. xi. 94; Klaufi, kunn þú hóf þitt, K., be not so mad! Sd. 147; ætla hóf fyrir sér, Eg. 21; þeir eru ofsamenn svá at þeir hafa ekki hóf við, 175:—proportion, at því hófi, in the same proportion, equal degree, Grág. ii. 177, Al. 131, Fms. vi. 225; slíkt víti … á sitt hóf, in his turn, Ld. 136; vel er þessu í hóf stillt, ‘tis fairly done, fair and just, Nj. 54; e-t gegnir hófi, it is fair, Fms. vii. 132; þá er hóf at, then it is all right, Fs. 25; nú er nær hófi, 15; at hófi, tolerably, Fms. vi. 102; vel at hófi, pretty well, xi. 11, 48; við hóf, reasonable, Edda 48:—a rule, standard, at þú hafir þar einskis manns hóf við nema þitt, Eg. 714; ó-hóf, excess, intemperance, hófs-maðr, m. a temperate, just man, Hkr. i. 309, Eg. 50, Ísl. ii. 190.
II. a feast, banquet; hóf eðr hátíð, Stj. …
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að, to feast, fare sumptuously, Skíða R. 112.
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m. = húfr (q. v.), a trunk; whence hóf-reginn, Haustl.
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m. [A. S. hôf; Engl. hoof; O. H. G. huof; Germ. huf; Swed. hof; Dan. hov]:—a hoof, of a horse, opp. to klaufir = cloven hoof, Fms. xi. 280, Grett. 91, N. G. L. i. 41; hófs gangr, a clash of hoofs, 341.
n. pastern of a horse.
n. the fetlock or pastern of a horse.
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n. a festive dress, Stj.
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adj. pretty long, Sturl. iii. 44.
a. immoderate.
adj. immoderate, boundless, Sks. 467, 733, Al. 156.
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adj. moderate, Edda i. 116, v. l.
f. immoderation, excess.
u, f. excess, intemperance, licence, Stj. 626, Bs. ii. 98, 115.
adv.
1) with moderation;
2) fitly;
3) fairly (munu þeir nú vera ~ hræddir).
adv. with moderation, fitly, justly, Fms. viii. 373: fairly, tolerably, Nj. 105, Sturl. iii. 169, Róm. 353 (cautiously).
a. moderate.
adj. moderate, Fms. x. 295, Barl. 9, Róm. 302.
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i. e. húf-regin, m. and húf-stjóri, a, m. the guider or steerer of the hull = Thor the Thunderer driving through the air, Haustl., Þd.
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adv. = hófliga, Orkn. 274 (cautiously), Gþl. ix.
a. moderate temperate.
adj. = hófsamr, Mar. passim, Barl. 161.
a. moderate temperate.
adj. moderate, temperate, Sks. 355, 454, Sturl. i. 107 (v. l.), Orkn. 252, Barl. 142: thrifty (mod.); ó-hófsamr, intemperate.
f. moderation, temperance.
f. moderation, temperance, Hkr. iii. 179, Th. 77, Grág. lxvii, Barl. 85.
f. moderation, temperance.
f. temperance, Fms. ii. 238, Hom. 27; ó-hófsemi, intemperance.
n. fetlock.
n. ‘hoof-tuft,’ the tuft on a horse’s pastern, Karl. 426, Landn. 94.
f. moderation.
f. moderation, Fms. iii. 45.
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u, f. ‘hoof-tongue,’ the frog of a horse’s hoof.
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n. ‘hoof-tilt,’ a slow trot.
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m. name of a mythical horse, Edda.
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[akin to hagr and hœgr, easy; from a lost strong verb, haga, hóg], only found in COMPDS, denoting easy, gentle, soft: hóg-bærr, adj. easy to bear, Bs. i. 94. hóg-drægr, adj. easy to carry, Stor. 1. hóg-dýr, n. gentle deer, poët. name of a ship, Lex. Poët. hóg-látr, adj. of easy temper, Sks. 355. hóg-leiki, m. meekness, Stj. 71. hóg-liga, adv. calmly, meekly, gently; taka h. á, to touch gently, Fb. i. 467, Hkr. ii. 63, Fms. vii. 158, Nj. 219; hóg-ligar, more fitly, Fms. vii. 258; ríða h., to ride gently, Korm. 60; fara h. með, Fms. vi. 353. hóg-ligr, adj. easy, Gísl. 143: gentle, Fs. 32, Fms. vi. 274: meet, hóglig bið, 623. 60. hóg-lífl, n. an easy, quiet life, Ó. H. 214, Fb. i. 37. hóg-lyndi, n., fem. in Mar. 351, 914; an easy temper, gentleness, Mar. hóg-lyndr, adj. easy-tempered, peaceable, Eb. 258, 656 B. 6, Fms. iv. 214. hóg-læti, n. gentleness, Hkr. iii. 169. hóg-reið, f. …
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n. praise, flattery.
n. [A. S. hôl], praise, flattery, Hkr. ii. 88, Edda ii. 544, Pr. 110: boasting, vaunting, Nj. 237. hól-beri, a, m. a flatterer, Greg. 23, Fms. v. 194, v. l.
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n. = hválf (q. v.), a vault, Thom. 472: a compartment in a drawer.
(-di, -t), v. to capsize (þar hólfir skip á sjónum).
ð, = hválfa, q. v.
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adj. [hválf], hollow, Stj.
(-s, -ar), m. ring or tube (of metal) on a staff, knife-handle, etc.
m. [prop. holkr, cp. Engl. hulk], a ring or tube of metal, Dipl. iii. 4, Fas. ii. 259; kníf-h., the ring on a knife’s handle; skúf-h., járn-h., an iron tube.
(-s, -ar), m. = hváll.
m. contracted for hváll (q. v.), and the usual form in old MSS.:—a hill, hillock, Eg. 744, Fms. ii. 197, vii. 71, Orkn. 300, Nj. 67, Ld. 154 (see dalr), Gullþ. 28, Al. 28, Karl. 211, Fb. i. 421, Róm. 315, Fs. 27: the phrases, dal og hól, dale and hill; hólar og hæðir; álf-hóll, an elf-hill, fairy mount; orrostu-hóll, víg-hóll, a battle-hill; sjávar-hólar, sand-hills (dunes or denes) on the shore; grjót-hóll, a stone heap, passim: freq. in local names, Hóll and Hólar; Hóla-biskup, Hóla-staðr, etc., the bishop, see of Holar, Sturl.; Reykja-hólar, Staðar-hóll, Landn. passim. The older form remains in a few instances, see that word.
n. challenging to hólmganga.
n. challenging to h., Valla L. 214, Fas. ii. 475.
n. pl. the law, rules of hólmganga.
n. pl. the law, rules of h., Korm. 86, Valla L. 213.
m. duellist.
m. a champion of h., Korm. 54, Fms. i. 149.
m. a place where a hólmganga is fought.
m. a place where h. is fought, Fms. i. 150.
n. a sword used in hólmganga.
n. a sword used in h., Fas. i. 515.
(-s, -ar), m. holm, islet; falla á hólmi, to fall in a duel; skora e-m á min, to challenge one; leysa sik af hólmi, to redeem oneself after a duel.
prop. holmr, also hólmi, a, m. [A. S. holm; North. E. holm and houm]:—a holm, islet, esp. in a bay, creek, lake, or river; even meadows on the shore with ditches behind them are in Icel. called holms, Haustl. 18, Hkv. Hjörv. 8, Vkv. 38, Fms. vi. 217, Hkr. i. 254, Sd. 181; í vatninu er einn hólmi reyri vaxinn, Fms. i. 71; undir einn hólma, Fas. ii. 535; uppi á hólmanum, Orkn. 402.
β. referring to the hólmganga (q. v.), Dropl. 36; falla á hólmi, to fall in a duel, Landn. 80; skora e-m á hólm, to challenge one, Nj. 15, passim; ganga á hólm, to fight a wager of battle; skulu vit berjask í hólma þeim er hér er í Öxará, Nj. 36; leysa sik af hólmi, to release oneself off the holm, viz. the vanquished party had to pay the ransom stipulated in the hólmgöngu-lög, Glúm. passim.
II. freq. in local names, Borgundar-hólmr, Hólmr, Hólmar, Landn.; Hólm-garðr, the county of Russia bordering on the lakes Ladoga, etc.: Hólm-rygir, m. pl. a people in western Norway: pr. names of men, Hólm-kell, Hólm-fastr, Hólm-steinn; of women, Hólm-fríðr, etc. …
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m. pl. the men from Bornholm.
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m. pl. the men from Holm, Sturl.
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m. ‘holm-fetter,’ and the rocks
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adj. able to fight in a duel, Gþl. 269, v. l. APPELL.
f. ‘holm-going’, a duel or wager of battle fought on an islet (hólmr).
u, f. ‘holm-gang, holm-going,’ a duel or wager of battle fought on an islet or ‘holm,’ which with the ancients was a kind of last appeal or ordeal; and wherever a Thing (parliament) was held, a place was appointed for the wager of battle, as the holm in the Axe River in the alþingi. The hólmganga differed from the plain einvígi or duel, as being accompanied by rites and governed by rules, whilst the latter was not,—þvíat á hólmgöngu er vandhæfi en alls eigi á einvígi, Korm. 84. The ancient Icel. Sagas abound in wagers of battle, chiefly the Korm. S. ch. 10 and passim: some champions were nicknamed from the custom, e. g. Hólmgöngu-Bersi (Korm. S.), Hólmgöngu-Starri, Hólmgöngu-Máni, Hólmgöngu-Hrafn, Landn. About A. D. 1006 (see Tímatal), the hólmganga was abolished by law in the parliament, on account of the unhappy feud between Gunnlaug Snake-tongue and Skald-Hrafn, Gunnl. S. ch. 11, cp. Valla L. ch. 5 (þá vóru af tekin hólmgöngu-lög öll ok hólmgöngur), referring to about A. D. 1010; a single instance however of a challenge in the north of Icel. is recorded after this date (about the year 1030–1040), but it was not accepted (Lv. S. ch. 30); the wager in Lv. ch. 17 was previous (though only by a few years) to the fight between Gunnlaug and Rafn. …
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m. the circle marked for a duel, Eg. 492.
f. releasing oneself by paying the ransom after a duel.
f. releasing oneself by paying the ransom after a duel, Dropl. 36, Korm. 88.
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m. the leg of the holm, i. e. rocks, Lex. Poët.: the sea is
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part. studded with holms, id.
m. = hólmgöngu-staðr.
m. = hólmgöngustaðr, Eg. 486.
f. meeting (duel) on a holm (koma, riða til hólmstefnu).
u, f. a meeting (duel) on a holm, Eg. 485, 490, Fas. i. 419.
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n. = hólmgöngusverð, Fas. i. 416.
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f. = hólmgöngusök, Bjarn. 66. In poetry the sea is called
n. a small land-locked bay or inlet (connected with the sea).
n. [A. S. hop; Scot. hope = haven; perhaps connected with A. S. hôp, Engl. hoop, with reference to a curved or circular form]:—a small landlocked bay or inlet, connected with the sea so as to be salt at flood tide and fresh at ebb, Þorf. Karl. 420, freq. in mod. usage.
II. a local name, Hóp, Hóps-ós, Vestr-hóp, Landn., Ísl. ii. 387: in Engl. local names as Stanhope, Easthope, Kemble’s Dipl.; Elleshoop in Holstein (Grein); Kirkhope, St. Margaret’s hope, etc., in Orkney.
(-s, -ar), m. troop, flock, crowd.
m. [Dan. hob; Swed. hop; the Engl. heap, Germ. haufen, would answer to Icel. haupr, which does not exist]:—a troop, flock, bevy; mann-hópr, a host of men, Bjarn. 52, Skáld H. 6. 47, Pass. 21. 10: freq. in mod. usage, e. g. í sinn hóp, among one’s own equals; fjár-hópr, a flock of sheep; fugla-hópr, a bevy of birds. hópa-kaup, n. a purchasing in lots.
(gen. hós), m. pot-hook.
1. m., acc. hó, gen. hós, [the same word as Goth. hoha = a plough-share; Engl. hoe, though different in sense]:—a pot-hook (= hadda, q. v.), in a nursery rhyme bidding one who has sore lips go into the kitchen, kiss the pot-hook thrice (kyssa hóinn þrysvar), and say these words: Heill og sæll hór minn, | eg skal kyssa snös þína, ef þú græðir vör mína, Ísl. Þjóðs. ii. 553, which throw a light ou the passage in Hbl. 48 (Sif á hó heima), insinuating that Thor busied himself with cooking and dairy-work. The hós in Ls. 33 seems to be a gen. = hvers, cujus, answering to the dat. hveim, abl. hví.
COMPDS: hóband, hónef.
2. n. [Goth. horinassus = μοιχεία; Engl. whoredom], adultery, Jb. 448, N. G. L. i. 70, Sks. 693, v. l.
I)
(að), v. to commit adultery (h. or hórast undir bónda sinn).
II)
f. whore, harlot.
1. að, to commit adultery, Stj. 197, Gþl. 136; hóra undir bónda sinn, Jb. 448 B, D. I. i. 262: with acc., K. Á. 122, Sks. 455, 575: reflex., Stj. 398. Jb. 124, Grett. 204 new Ed.
2. u, f. [Germ. hure; Engl. whore, harlot], Fas. i. 99, N. G. L. i. 70.
f. adultery.
f. adultery, K. Á. 28, Stj. 517, Sks. 702.
(gen. hórs), m. adulterer.
m., gen. hórs, [Ulf. hôrs = μοιχός; A. S. horing; Engl. whoremonger, etc.], an adulterer, Ls. 30.
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n. a child begotten in adultery, Gþl. 171, Al. 1, Grág. ch. xviii.
m. adultery.
m. [whoredom], adultery, Stj. 301, K. Á. 132, 218, Barl. 134, Jb. 131, Hom. 86, 154. hórdóms-maðr, m. an adulterer, 625. 15.
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part. begotten in adultery.
m. adulterer.
m. an adulterer, H. E. i. 54.
f. harlot.
f. a strumpet, Stj. 405, Barl. 137.
f. adulteress.
u, f. an adulteress, Jb. 161, Bs. i. 283.
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adv. = hvarvetna, everywhere.
(að), v. to cough.
að, [Germ. husten; Dan. hoste; North. E. and Scot. hoast], to cough, Bs. i. 347, 382.
m. cough, coughing.
a, m. a cough, Eluc. 19, Nj. 201, Fms. i. 282, x. 279, Pr. 474, Thom. 308.
m.; see óstr.
m., usually spelt óstr, without aspiration, Fms. vi. 419, viii. 433, ix. 311, Sturl. iii. 251: in mod. usage óst, f.; but the aspirated initial is borne out by the kindred words hósta, hósti:—the throat, the upper part of the chest and the lower part of the throat, Bs. i. 382, Fms. ix. 311, v. l.; var Haraldr konungr lostinn öru í óstinn svá at þegar stóð blóðbogi út um munninn, vi. 419; í hálsstemnit frammi fyrir hóstinn, Finnb. 214; hafðu ekki bera óstina! (fem.)
I)
n. whit, bit; hóti heldr, a bit more, a good deal more; with superl., hóti líkast, most likely; þat er hóti úmakligast, that is least undeserved.
II)
n. pl. threats; hafa í hótum við e-n, to threaten one.
n. pl. [Ulf. hwota], threats, Fms. ii. 32, Sks. 525, Fs. 31, Bs. i. 100, Fb. i. 297.
II. in the compds, ílsku-hót, wickedness; ástar-hót, marks, expressions of love; vinar-hót, marks of friendship.
I)
n. whit, bit; hóti heldr, a bit more, a good deal more; with superl., hóti líkast, most likely; þat er hóti úmakligast, that is least undeserved.
II)
n. pl. threats; hafa í hótum við e-n, to threaten one.
n., contr. from hvat (q. v.), a whit, bit; hóti heldr, a bit more, i. e. a good deal more, Fms. vii. 141; hóti ráðhollari, a good deal better, Ísl. ii. 347; hóti neðar, Hrafn. 18: hóti mun, a whit, a grain, a hair’s breadth; hóti mun skjótara, a bit swifter, Rb. 106, Fms. vii. 170, cp. Rb. 1812. 66: with superl., hóti helzt, a whit better, Ísl. ii. 134; hóti líkast, most likely, Fms. vi. 351; þat er hóti úmaklegast, i. e. that is least undeserved! iii. 25; endisk því þetta hóti helzt, þótt ekki væri með fullu, Gísl. 136, denoting a slight difference: gen. plur., er nú lítilla hóta ávant, Karl. 96: dat. plur., hótum framar, Clar.: gen., hóts annan veg, quite the other way, Nj. (in a verse).
2. the phrase, ekki hót, not a whit.
(að), v. to threaten, = hœta (h. e-m).
að, older form hœta (q. v.), to hoot, threaten, with dat., Hkr. ii. 260, Fms. viii. 359, passim.
II. hóta e-u fram, to hold forth (a weapon or the like) with threatening gestures, Rétt. 71; cp. ota and hvata.
f. threatening.
f. a threatening, Fas. iii. 445, Stj. 150.
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n, adj. ‘whit-finding,’ i. e. hair-splitting, captious: hót-findni, f.
a. menacing.
adj. menacing, Karl. 490.
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gen. pl. = hvatvetna, every wight; see hverr, hvat.
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n. a pot-hook string, Björn.
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n. the ‘nose’ or loop into which the hór is hooked, Björn.
(að), v. to hasten, with dat.
að, to hasten, speed, with dat., Þórð. 77, Fms. xi. 438.
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a, m. fleetness, swiftness, freq. in mod. usage.
(hröð, hratt), a. swift, fleet.
adj. [A. S. hræd, hrad; Engl. rathe, ready]:—swift, fleet; h. byrr, Symb. 15, Bs. ii. 82, Fms. vii. 340; hjálpar hraðr, swift to help, Pass. 15. 17.
2. neut. hratt, as adv. swiftly, Fas. ii. 87; sem hraðast, quickly, Háv. 48, El. Pass. 23. 3; fara hratt, Lv. 63; lífið matins hratt fram hleypr, Hallgr.; hratt úlíkligt, quite unlikely, Band. 25 new Ed.
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n. [hroði], medic. tartar on the teeth, Fél.
n. a fresh fair wind.
n. a fresh fair wind, Fms. i. 19, iv. 14, vii. 94, viii. 253.
a. indecl., sigla ~, to sail with a strong wind.
adj. sailing with a strong wind, Eg. 94, Bs. i. 121.
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adj. hurrying, Sturl. i. 84.
a. doomed to instant death.
adj. doomed to instant death, Nj. 60.
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adj. swift-flying.
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adj. ‘quick-faring,’ fleet, Gh. 18.
n. hasty temper.
n. a hasty temper, Edda (Gl.)
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adj. swift-singing, Ad. 1.
adv. swiftly.
adv. swiftly, Sks. 629.
a. quick of speech; hraðmælt tunga, a glib tongue.
adj. quick of speech, Hm. 28, Fms. iv. 91. 374, v. l.
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að, to scrape together, (slang.)
(-s, -ar), m. raven.
often spelt hramn, m. [A. S. hræfn; Engl. raven; Germ. rabe; Dan. ravn, etc.; cp. Lat. corvus, Gr. κόραξ]:—a raven, Nj. 119, Grág. ii. 346, Fms. i. 131, Hkr. iii. 11, Stj. 59, Orkn. 28, 38: allit., bíða hunds ok hrafns, Fms. viii. 210: in the sayings, sjaldsénir hvítir hrafnar, white ravens are not seen every day, of a strange appearance; þá er hart þegar einn hrafninn kroppar augun úr öðrum, it is too bad when one raven picks another’s eyes out; Guð borgar fyrir hrafninn, God pays for the raven, perhaps referring to 1 Kings xvii. and Job xxxviii. 41. The raven was a favourite with the Scandinavians, as a bird of augury and of sagacity, víða flýgr hrafn yfir grund, the raven is a far traveller; cp. the wise ravens Huginn and Muninn, the messengers of Odin, Gm., Edda; whence Odin is called hrafn-blætr, m. raven worshipper (Hallfred), and hrafn-áss, m. (Haustl.); hrafna-dróttinn or hrafna-goð, hrafn-stýrandi, a, m. lord or god of ravens; hrafn-freistaðr, m. raven friend, Húsd., Edda 126; cp. …
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adj. raven-black, Bragi.
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m. raven-skull, a nickname, Sturl. iii. 176.
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m. [A. S. hran or hren = a whale], a kind of whale, Sks. 123, Edda (Gl.), N. G. L. i. 330.
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adj. raven-like, Hom. 13.
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f. a kind of whale; also called hrefna, balaena (medio) ventre plicato, Edda (Gl.), Eggert Itin. 542.
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adj. raven-black.
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u, f. ‘raven-flint,’ a kind of obsidian or agate, Fas. i. 470; called gagates Islandicus, Eggert Itin.
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f. a kind of duck.
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að, of the weather; það hraglar úr honum, it sleets; whence hraglandi, a, m. sleet, a drizzling shower.
(pl, -ar), f. wretched treatment, injury, insult (ek hefi af þár heitingar ok ~).
f. wretched treatment, insult, injury, Korm. 158, Nj. 136, Sturl. ii. 38, Sd. 167, Fms. viii. 78, 136, Grett. 203 new Ed., Hrafn. 20: in mod. usage, hrakningr, m. a being tossed or wrecked at sea; also sjó-hrakningr.
in compds., denoting wretched, vile.
in COMPDS, denoting wretched, wicked, [for the etymology see hrekja]: hrak-auga, n. evil eye, a nickname, Sturl. hrak-bú, n. a wretched household, Band. 37 new Ed. hrak-dýri, n. a poor, hunted deer, Korm. 60. hrak-fall, n. a wreck, disaster. hrak-för, hrak-ferð, f. a journey ending in disgrace and disaster, Fær. 166, Grett. 153, Mag. hrak-liga, adv. wretchedly, disgracefully, Fs. 35. hrak-ligr, adj. wretched, disgraceful, Korm. 62, Sturl. i. 24, iii. 273, Glúm. 387. hrak-magr, adj. wretchedly thin, Bs. i. 389. krak-mannligr, adj. wretched, mean. hrak-menni, n. a wretched man, wretch. hrak-ólar, f. pl., in the phrase, vera á hrakólum, to be as on the rack. hrak-spá, f. evil prophecy, croaking, hrak-viðri, n. wretched weather. hrak-yrði, n. foul language, Gísl. 86. hrak-æfi, f. a wretched life, cp. Gísl. 63.
(-s, -ar), m. bear’s paw.
m. [cp. Goth. hramjan = to nail to the cross], that with which one clutches, a bear’s paw, Finnb. 248, Grett. 101, Ld. 52, Am. 17, Ver. 80, Fb. ii. 289: the palm of the hand, Edda (Gl.); whence hramm-þviti, a, m., poët. for gold, Höfuðl. 17.
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að, to clutch.
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adj. rude.
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m. uncivil behaviour.
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f. tossing about, N. G. L. i. 157.
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n. a noise, din, tumult, as of a crowd, Grág. i. 5; spelt hrong, Mork. 110 (in a verse).
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a, m. a blusterer; hann er mesti hrani.
COMPDS: hranalegr, hranaskapr.
II. a pr. name, Sturl.
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n. ruin, falling down, freq.; stjörnu-hrap, a shooting star.
(að), v.
1) to hurl, with dat. (h. e-m til helvítis);
2) to hurry on, hasten (h. ferð sinni);
3) to rush on, hurry (h. á fund e-s); h. til dauðans: banans, to rush headlong to destruction;
4) to fall, tumble down (~ði hann niðr í fjöruna).
að, to fall, tumble down, Fs. 70, Ann. 1339, Th. 76, Al. 76: to fall into an abyss, down a precipice, hröpuðu þeir af hæðinni, Landn. 147; h. til helvítis, Hom. 87; eg sá Satan svo sem eldingu h. af himni, Luke x. 18; hann hrapar í pyttinn, Fs. 158; h. ofan, Al. 146; hrapaði hann niðr í fjöruna, Fms. viii. 75; hann er að h. klett af klett, a ditty: of a shooting star, stjörnur munu af himnum h., Matth. xxiv. 29, (stjörnu-hrap.)
β. to fall in ruin; hvort hús mun yfir annat h., Luke xi. 17, xiii. 4; but not usual, ‘hrynja’ being used of a house, wall, tower, rock which falls; hrapa of a man who falls from them.
II. to rush headlong, hurry; hrapa á fund e-s, Fms. i. 303; er þú hrapar svá til banans, vi. 115: h. í e-t, to rush into, H. E. i. 469; h. at e-u, to hurry on a thing, Fs. 41; ef maðr hrapar svá at grepti at kviðr berr at önd sé í brjósti, K. Þ. K. 26: with dat., eigi skulu þér h. því svá, Ölk. 36; hitt mundi mitt ráð at h. eigi ferðinni, Eg. 577, Fms. v. 43; ok hrapaðir þeim svá til helvítis, vii. 123.
m. hurry; af hrapaði, hurriedly.
m. hurry; at hrapaði, hurriedly, Fms. ix. 377, Sturl. i. 83, Ann. 1417.
f. downfall.
f. downfall, Fms. ii. 276, Al. 40.
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adj. (-liga, adv.), mod. hrapar-ligr, hurried, disastrous; mæla h., to bluster, Ísl. ii. 350, Sturl. i. 166 C; fara hrapalliga, to rush headlong like a fool, Hrafn. 15.
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m. a pr. name; see hreppr.
a. hasty in one’s language (Sæmundr varð við h.).
adj. using blustering language, Sturl. iii. 113, v. l.
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but better rasa (q. v.), where the references will be given in full, see introduction to letter H:—to stumble; the aspirated form is only used in a few cases, og hrasaði bland ræningja, Gr. λησταις περιέπεσεν, Luke x. 30; hrasaðr, 36: eccl. to stumble in sin, Pass., Vídal. passim.
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hrösun, f. stumbling, sinning, N. T., Pass., Vídal.
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n. [Ivar Aasen rat], refuse: esp. the skins, stones, etc. of berries (berja-hrat) which one spits out: the droppings of birds, það er eins hrat úr hrafni.
(að), v.
1) to reel, stagger (hann ~ði við, en féll eigi);
2) to tumble down, fall (~ði hann ofan af þekjunni).
að, better and older rata (q. v.), vrata: [in mod. usage the aspirated form is used in the sense to stagger, stumble, but rata in the sense to find one’s way; but that in both senses rata is the true form is shewn by alliteration, as in Skv. 1. 36, cp. also Vsp. 51; also by the form rati, a headlong fool]:—to stagger, fall, tumble; ok hrataði hann ofan af þekjunni, Nj. 114; þau hrata í gil nokkut ofan, Bs. i. 442, Sturl. ii. 137; hann hrataði af ok kom niðr standandi, 138; þá reið at honum brúnássinn ok hrataði hann inn aptr, Nj. 202; nema menn rati (hrati?) á eðr hrindisk á, Grág. ii. 96: to stagger, Önundr rataði (hrataði, v. l.) við lagit, Eg. 379; hann hrataði við en féll eigi, Fms. vi. 66; hann var hrumr ok hrataði áfram, vii. 22, Fs. 38, 52.
m. rubbish, trash.
a, m. rubbish, trash, Bs. i. 601.
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m. [A. S. hreâc; Engl. rick], a small stack, torf-h.; cp. hroki.
n. rick-formed tent.
n. a rick-formed tent, Fas. ii. 273, Bárð. 178.
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a, m. [A. S. hreâm], a noisy fellow, Edda (Gl.)
n.
1) rugged ground, wilderness;
2) lava field, lava.
n. [akin to hruni, hrjóna, and hrynja (q. v.), and thus from a lost strong verb jó, au, u; hrjúfr, hrúðr, hreysi, hrjóstr (q. v.) seem all to be akin]:—prop. a rough place, a wilderness, and is used so esp. by Norse writers and in the oldest poems: in Norse local names, Raunen, bare rocks in the sea, as opp. to hólmr, a grassy islet, Fritzner s. v.: a giant is in poetry called hraun-búi, -drengr, -hvalr, -skjöldungr, = the dweller, hero, whale, king of the wilderness, Hým., Hkv. Hjörv., Haustl., Fas. ii. 306.
B. In volcanic Iceland the word came to mean a lava field when cold, a burnt place (not the fresh glowing lava), freq. in the Sagas as well as in mod. usage, Bjarn. 36, 52, Nj. 248, Grág. ii. 282, Landn. 280, Hrafn. 26, Eb. 132–138, Bs. i. 540; um hvat reiddusk goðin, er hér brann hraunit er nú stöndum vér á (Bs. i. 22), the famous words of Snorri in the parliament of A. D. 1000; the place of the alþingi being a burnt out lava field.
II. in Icel. local names freq., Hraun, Hraun-dalr, -fjörðr, -gerði, -holt, -höfn, etc., Landn.: esp. in relation to fields of lava, Borgar-hraun, id. …
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f. = hrang, q. v.
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adj. rugged, Orkn. 208 (in a Norse landscape).
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m. pl. the men from Hraun, Bs. i. 643.
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m. pl. the men from Hraundalr.
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m. a man from Hraunfjörðr, Landn.
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m. a man from Hraungerði, id.
a.
1) valiant, doughty;
2) strong, hearty (gamall, en þó ~).
adj. [Germ. rüstig], strong, valiant, doughty, of a warrior, Ísl. ii. 264, 366, Fms. i. 52, iv. 122, vi. 3, vii. 4, Ld. 46, Ó. H. 218, Anal. 169, Eb. 148, and passim.
2. strong, hearty; hann var þá hniginn nokkut ok þó hinn hraustasti ok vel hress, Ld. 56; gamall ok þó h., Fs. 156; heill ok h., hale and hearty, Grág. i. 163, Fb. ii. 383; var hón þá enn hraust kona, Ísl. ii. 453; mun þá eigi hraust kona íllum manni gefin, Sd. 150; ú-hraustr, weak, invalid.
m. prowess, valour.
m. and hraust-leiki, a, m. prowess, gallantry, Bær. 20, Fms. iii. 3, xi. 375; frægða, frama-verka ok hraustleika (gen.), Fb. ii. 136, passim.
adv. valiantly.
adv. valiantly, doughtily, Fms. i. 88, v. 318, Post. 645. 87.
a. bold, valiant.
adj. bold, valiant, manly, 655 ii. 1, Nj. 204: medic. strong-looking.
a. = hraustligr.
adj. = hraustligr, Hkr. iii. 427, v. l.
n. a strong, stout man.
n. a stout, strong man, Fs. 128, Finnb. 326.
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a, m. crudeness.
m. spit, spittle.
a, m. [cp. A. S. hraca = throat; Germ. rachen; also A. S. hræcan, Engl. to retch in vomiting, hawk in spitting]:—spittle, Edda 19, 47 (mythical), Sks. 540, N. G. L. i. 339, K. Á. 6, Stj. 37, Mar. passim. hráka-skírn, f. baptism with spittle in lieu of water, 671. 16.
(hrá, hrátt), a.
1) raw, of meat or food (hrár fiskr, hrátt kjöt);
2) raw, fresh, sappy (h. viðr).
hrá, hrátt, adj. [A. S. hreow = crudus, whence Engl. rough and raw; Germ. rauh; Dan. raa]:—raw, only of meat or food; eta hrátt, Hkv. 2. 6, Hom. 84, Fbr. 97, Karl. 426; hrán fisk, Al. 171.
2. raw, fresh, sappy; góð jörð ok hrá, Edda 150 (pref.); hrár viðr, a sapling, young plant, Grág. ii. 298, Fb. i. 342, Skm. 32.
a. moist, raw, of hides (nautshúð hráblaut).
adj. raw, of hides or the like, Fms. iii. 18, Stj. 416.
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m. a raw fish, Rb. 348.
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m. rawness, 677. 15.
n. shelter, refuge.
n. ‘raw-skin:’—but used (it is hard to say why) in the sense of a shelter, refuge; höfðu þeir hráskinn hjá feðrum sínum (v. l. hald ok traust), Fbr. 8; Guð, drottinn er minn styrkr ok stuðning, ok mitt ráskinn ok frjálsari, Stj. 51. hráskinns-leikr, m. a kind of game, ‘hide and seek (?),’ Bárð. 174.
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a, m. dampness in houses.
n. saplings, young plants.
n. saplings, young plants; höggva sem h., Fas. i. 451, Þorf. Karl. (A. A.) 198; allt eins og kvistir af hretviðri hristir, á hráviðar-lauki, Hallgr.
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m. the smell of a carcase, Barl. 151.
n. raw flesh used asfood.
n. raw food, Fbr. 72.
f., see hrœða.
u, f., mod. form hræða, a bugbear, bogle; at jafnan myndi vera nokkurar hreður í Miðfirði … hefir þar jafnan verit deilu-gjarnara en í öðrum héruðum, Þórð. 59 new Ed.; svá segir mér hugr um, at sjaldan muni hreðu-laust í þessu héraði, 22.
2. in mod. usage in western Icel. hræða or hreða means a scarecrow, whence metaph. hræða, a poor, harmless creature; as also, það sást eingin hræða, not a soul was to be seen.
II. a nickname, Þórð.
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a, m., mod. hroði, offal, rubbish, refuse, Eluc. 41 (spelt hröði).
II. [A. S. hryðer = a heifer], poët. a bull, Edda (Gl.): in local names, Hreða-vatn, Landn.
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and hreðr, f. pl. [A. S. hreder = viscera], the scrotum, N. G. L. i. 81, Edda 46, Grett. (in a verse); hest-reðr, Fms. vi. 194 (in a verse).
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u, f. [hrafn], prop. a she-raven.
2. a whale, = hrafnreiðr, q. v.
3. a part of a ship, Edda (Gl.)
II. a pr. name, Landn.
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and hremni, n. a plank in a ship, viz. the fifth from the keel, Edda (Gl.); ef (skip) brotnar fyrir ofan hrefnis-skor (spelt refnis skor and v. l. ræfsing, renni skor), N. G. L. i. 283: in poetry a ship is hrefnis goti, hrefnis stóð, the steed of the h. The h is warranted by alliteration.
n. storm, blast (var bæði h. ok regn).
n. storm and rain, Edda 99, Am. 18, Fs. 129; var bæði hregg ok regn, Eb. 266, Fms. vii. 195; h. ok sjádrif, ii. 177; kastaði þá enn hreggi á móti þeim, Fas. ii. 80; h. eða rota, Bs. i. 339, N. G. L. i. 388; hríð með hreggi, Eb. 206, Lex. Poët.; kulda-h., a chilly, rainy wind; kafalds-h., snow and wind: in poetry the battle is the hregg of weapons, Valkyriur, Odin, etc., see the compds in Lex. Poët.
COMPDS: hreggblásinn, hreggmímir, hreggnasi, hreggrann, hreggskár, hreggskúr, hreggtjald, Hreggviðr, hreggviðri, hreggvindr, hreggþjálmi.
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part. blown by the gale, Hallfred.
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m., mythol. name of one of the heavens, Edda (Gl.)
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a, m. a nickname, Eb.
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n., hregg-salr, m., poët. ‘gale-house,’ i. e. the sky, Leiðarv. 17, 25, Geisli 61.
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adj. stormy, Merl. 1. 65.
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f. a tempestuous shower, Sks. 227.
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n. ‘gale-tent,’ i. e. the heaven, Lex. Poët.
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m. a pr. name, Fas.
n. tempest.
n. a tempest, Fms. ii. 177.
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m. a tempestuous gale, Grett. (in a verse).
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a, m. ‘wind-trap,’ i. e. the heaven, poët., Leiðarv. 4.
n. bird’s nest.
n. [Dan. rede, prob. akin to Ulf. vriþus = ἀγέμη; A. S. vræd; Engl. wreath; Swed. vrad; Dan. vraad;—all meaning a wreath, from vríða, to wreath]:—a bird’s nest, Grág. ii. 346, Gþl. 542, Greg. 55, Fms. vi. 153, Merl. 1. 26, Stj. passim; ara h., an eagle’s nest, Fagrsk. 146: the saying, sá er fuglinn vestr er í sitt h. drítr: hreiðr-böllr, m. a ‘nest-ball,’ an egg, Krók. 64 (in a pun), and hreiðr-balla, að, = eggja = to egg on, id. (a pun).
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að, dep. to nestle, Stj. 81, Fms. vi. 153: mod. hreiðra sig.
m.
1) wrist, = úlfliðr;
2) the hand and fingers;
3) seal’s fin, flipper.
a, m. the wrist, Edda 110, Fms. i. 167, Sturl. ii. 104, Bs. i. 658:—sels-hreifi, a seal’s fin, Eb. 272; and so in mod. usage.
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m. good cheer, high spirits; better reifingr.
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adj., old form reifr (q. v.), merry, gladsome.
m. scream, cry.
m. [cp. A. S. hreâm = noise, hrêmig = noisy, hrêman = to cry; Hel. hrôm, to cry out; ream or reem is still used in Lancashire; cp. Engl. sc-ream]:—a scream, cry; óp né (h)reimr, Hom. 29; íllr h. armra sálna, 31; íllr h., Fms. vii. 84 (in a verse); orða h., Lil. 72: a nickname, Sturl. hreim-samr, adj. noisy, peevish, Fas. iii. 156.
(-da, -dr), v. to make (swine) squeal (ef svín eru hreind).
d, causal from hrína: to make to squeal, of swine, Al. 171; ef svín eru hreind, made to squeal, Konr.
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að, to be cleaned.
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u, f. a nun, Mar.
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m. a friar, Sks. 96, Fms. x. 408, Hom. 93.
I)
a.
1) clean (hrein klæði);
2) bright (hreinir kyndlar, hrein vápn);
3) clear (hrein rödd);
4) pure, sincere.
II)
(-s, -ar), m. reindeer.
1. adj. [Ulf. hrains = καθαρός; A. S. hrân; lost in Engl., except in the verb to rinse; O. H. G. hreini; Germ. rein; Dan.-Swed. ren]:—clean; h. líndúkr, Hom. 138, Fs. 1; hrein klæði, Fms. vi. 207; gott korn ok hreint, Sks. 326; hreint vatn, Gd. 22; h. lögr, Alm. 35; hrein munnlaug, H. E. i. 489; h. mjöll, fresh snow, Rm. 26.
β. bright; hreinir kyndlar, bright candles, Sól. 69; hreint bál, a bright flame, Lex. Poët.; h. sól, the bright sun, id.; h. ok gagnsær, Hom. (St.) 15. 13; hreint sverð, hrein vápn, Fms. x. 360, Rétt. 120; h. rönd, a bright shield, Lex. Poët.
γ. eccl., hrein kvikendi, clean beasts, Hom. 29.
II. metaph. clean, pure, sincere; hreint hjarta, h. hugr, hrein iðran, hreint líf, Bs. i. 270, Sól. 7, Barl. 93, N. T., Vídal., Pass. passim.
β. = Gr. καθαρός in the N. T. of the cleansed leper; ú-hreinn, unclean; tá-hreinn, quite clean.
2. m. [the word is prob. of Finnish origin. From the words of king Alfred, (þa deor he hâtað hrânas, Orosius i. 1, § 15, Bosworth’s Ed. …
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(að), v.
1) to make clean, cleanse;
2) to purge, clear (h. land af víkingum).
að, [Ulf. hrainsjan; Engl. rinse; Dan. rense], to make clean, cleanse, Sks. 583, 605, Fms. ii. 261, Nj. 270, passim: to purge, clear, h. land af víkingum, Fms. i. 93, vii. 18, Anal. 249; h. líkþrá, to cleanse (heal) leprosy, Post., N. T.; líkþráir hreinsast, Matth. xi. 5, Johann. 95, Fms. xi. 309: metaph. to purify, Post. 645. 77, 94, Hom. 97, N. T., Vídal., Pass.
f. cleansing.
f. cleansing, purification, K. Á. 20, Hom. 64, 65, passim. hreinsunar-eldr, m. the cleansing fire, purgatory, Fms. vii. 38; land-h., clearing the land of miscreants.
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a, m. a reindeer’s skin, Fær. 42, Ó. H. 198, 218.
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f. the reindeer’s track, Egil; see hreinn, m., sub init.
f., hrein-vastir, f. pl., hrein-ver, n. a wilderness, Edda (in a verse).
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n. a snow-drift, Sks. 230, v. l.
n. reindeer.
n. a reindeer, Fær. 42, Sks. 62 new Ed.
a. pure, chaste.
adj. pure and chaste, Bs. i. 241, ii. 43, Karl. 553, Lil. 33, 68.
n. poet. wolf (?).
n. a απ. λεγ., Hým. 24; no doubt falsely for hraun-gálkn = a monster of the wilderness: hraun and hölkn are twin words used alliteratively.
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f. the immaculate conception, Magn. 468.
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part. made bright, of a shield, Bragi.
a. pure of heart.
adj. pure of heart, Sks. 90, Bs. ii. 61, Matth. v. 8.
a. clean, chaste.
adj. cleanly, clean: metaph. pure, Sks. 435, Barl. 18.
m.
1) cleanliness;
2) chastity.
(-leiki), m. cleanliness: metaph. purity; h. hjartans, Hom. 11, Mar.: chastity, Al. 58, K. Á. 74.
adv.
1) cleanly;
2) with purity.
adv. cleanly, Bs. i. 711, Sks. 134, 436: metaph. with purity, sincerity, Fms. v. 241, Hom. 86, Best. 48: with chastity, 671. 6.
a.
1) clean, cleanly;
2) pure.
adj. cleanly, clean, Bárð. 171, Dipl. v. 10, passim: metaph. pure, chaste, Mar.
n. pure life, chastity.
n. a clean, pure life, chastity, Hom. 67, Lil. 27, N. T., Vídal., Pass, passim.
2. in Roman Catholic times esp. of monastic life, Hom. 93, Bs. i. 269, passim.
COMPDS: hreinlífiskona, hreinlífismaðr.
a. pure of life.
adj. clean-living, pure of life, Bs. i. 275, Hom. (St.) 3, Nikd. 34, passim; opp. to saurlífi and saurlífr.
a. pure of heart, upright.
adj. (hrein-lyndi, n.), upright, Leiðar. 4.
n. cleanness, chastity.
n. cleanliness, Edda ii. 246, freq.
a. of noble or manly bearing.
adj. clean and manly, of noble bearing, stout-looking; h. á hesti, Karl. 234:—mod. hrefmannlegr, adj., in the same sense.
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adj. sincere: hrein-skilni, f. sincerity, uprightness.
f. reindeer skin.
u, f. a reindeer cloak, Hkr. ii. 250.
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n. bright, clear weather.
n. scales (of fish).
n. scales, of fish, 656 C. 13, Sks. 168, Anecd. 6, passim. hreistr-kambr, m. a scaly comb, Stj. 98.
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að, to cover with scales: hreistraðr, part. scaly.
(hrek; hrakta, hröktum; hrakiðr, hraktr), v.
1) to drive away, chase off (h. e-n af máli);
2) to annoy, vex, ill-treat (Sigmundr sagðist heldr vilja h. þá sem mest); h. e-n í orðum, to scold and abuse one;
3) to damage, spoil (h. mál fyrir e-m); absol., h. fyrir e-m, to do damage to one;
4) to abuse (= h. e-n í orðum).
pret. hrakti; part. hrakiðr, Orkn. 424, mod. hrakinn, neut. hrakt, Sturl. ii. 169: [akin to Goth. vrikan, A. S. wrecan, Engl. wreak, wreck, see introduction to letter H]:—to worry, vex; h. e-n í orðum, to scold and abuse one, Fms. vii. 319, Fs. 173; þau bityrði er Skarphéðinn hrakti yðr Ljósvetninga, Nj. 223; ámæla þær honum í hverju orði ok hrekja, Finnb. 228: to confound, mér þaetti bezt við þann at eiga, er allir hrekjask fyrir áðr, by whom all people are confounded, Hrafn. 16; Sigmundr sagðisk heldr vilja h. þá sem mest, Fær. 165, Fs. 33, 129, Sturl. ii. 169, Bs. ii. 143; hann eyðir málit fyrir Erni ok hrekr hann sem mest af málinu, Fs. 125: víghestrinn hafði hrakit hrossin, Eb. 36 new Ed.
β. a naut. term, of ships driven out of their course, freq. in mod. usage; either impers., e-n hrekr, one is driven and wrecked; or reflex., þeir hröktust fimm vikur sjávar, they were driven for five miles on the sea: also of a ship, skipið (acc.) hrekr, the ship has drifted, cp. Bs. i. 817; of sheep in a snow storm.
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t, to tease or play tricks on one.
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adj. tricky, mischievous, e. g. of a bad boy; hann er h. bæði við menn og skepnur.
(pl. -ir), m. trick, piece of mischief (hrekkir ok slœgðir).
m., pl. ir, gen. pl. ja, [Dan. rænke], a trick, piece of mischief, Mag. 9, Fas. ii. 372, Nikd. 40; hrekkir ok slægðir, Stat. 273.
a. tricky, mischievous.
adj. tricky, mischievous, Eluc. 28, Fs. 46, Róm. 293, 299 (= factiosus of Sallust).
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adj. = hrekkvíss.
f. trickiness.
f. trickiness, mischievousness, Róm. 254, 347.
(-da, -dr), v. to distress, annoy, trouble (h. e-n).
u, f. a nickname, Rd.
(-da, -dr), v. to distress, annoy, trouble (h. e-n).
d, [cp. slang Engl. to rile], to distress, with acc., Bs. i. 438, Stj. 364: pass. to be distressed, grieved, 625. 75, Stj. 325.
f. anguish, affliction.
f. anguish, affliction, Hrafn. 17, Bs. i. 184, Ísl. ii. 417, Rom. ii. 9, N. T., Vídal.
(-da, -dr), v. to clutch.
d, [hrammr; Ulf. hramjan = σταυρουν, i. e. to nail to the cross; cp. O. H. G. ramen; Dan. ramme = to hit]:—to clutch, Bjarn. 12, Sturl. ii. 203, Fas. ii. 231, Or. 35: part. hremmdr, Sturl. iii. 90, 103.
I)
(að), v. = hremma.
II)
f.
1) clutch;
2) poet. shaft.
1. að, = hremma, Fs. 45.
2. u, f. a clutch, Konr. 25: poët. a shaft, Edda (Gl.), Lex. Poët.
(-ta, -tr), v. to catch, obtain; en er hann hreppti áverkann, when he received the wound.
t, [A. S. hreppan = tangere], to catch, obtain; nú fæ ek eigi þat af þér tekit er þú hefir hreppt, Grett. 114 A; þá hét hann á hinn sæla Þorlák biskup at hann skyldi skipit hreppa, that he might catch up the lost boat, Bs. i. 338; en er hann hreppti áverkann, when he caught the blow, was hit, Gullþ. 51; margr veit hverju hann sleppir en ekki hvað hann hreppir, a saying.
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m. a Rape court, Grág. i. 245, 448.
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n. pl. the laws and rules of a Rape, Grág. i. 443.
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m. a man from the district Hreppar, Sturl. ii. 248.
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n. Rape affairs, Grág. ii. 178 new Ed.
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n. pl. the march or border of two Rapes, Grág. i. 444.
n. pl. poor-law matters.
n. pl. Rape business, Lv. 17; in mod. usage, the autumn meeting held in every Rape.
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n. the census of a Rape, Grág. i. 443.
(-s, -ar), m. poor-law district (in Iceland).
m.:—this word remains in ‘the Rape of Bramber’ in Sussex, and is undoubtedly Scandinavian, being probably derived, as Pal Vídalín suggested, from hreppa, and thus originally meaning a share, allodium; it may be that the proper name Hrappr (Landn.) is akin (= a yeoman, master of a Rape?); for the bad sense of that name (= a traitor) is a metonyme, borrowed from the person of that name in the Njála. After the introduction of Christianity, all Icel. was, for the maintenance of the poor, divided into poor-law districts called hreppar, which still exist, being in most cases, though not always, identical with the sókn or parish; and it is remarkable that the district round the Bishop’s seat at Skalholt bears the local name Hreppar, indicating that this division had the Bishop’s house as its nucleus. The occurrence therefore of this name in the Landn. is an anachronism; as probably are also the few instances in which hreppr is used as an appellative in records of the heathen age, e. g. Lv. l. c. It is not known when the division into Rapes took place; perhaps it took place gradually during the 11th century; vera á hrepp, koma á hreppinn, to be or become a pauper. …
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m. pl. the members of the five Rape councils, Grág. i. 295, 455, passim.
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m. a Rape meeting, Grág. i. 296, 446, 448.
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m. a franklin of a certain Rape, Grág. i. 248, 256, 262, 295, 445.
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f. the management of a Rape, the office of the Rape councils, = mod. hreppstjórn, Grág. i. 445.
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a, m. = hreppstjóri, Grág. i. 262.
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a, m. a pauper.
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u, f. = hreppsfundr, Sturl. i. 185.
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a, m. a ‘Rape-steerer,’ overseer, Jb. 186, Vm. 116: in each Rape in Icel. the best yeoman is chosen as hreppstjóri by the sheriff (amtmaðr) or, as in former days, by the parishioners, but he is not paid; he has, jointly with the parish priest, to manage the business of the Rape, esp. to see to the maintenance of the poor, fix the poor-rate of each franklin, and, as there are no poor-houses, to arrange the distribution of the poor (úmagar) among the parishioners. In the days of the Commonwealth there was a committee of five members, called hreppstjórnarmenn (q. v.), which discharged the duties of the present hreppstjóri; með ráði heima-prests ok hreppstjóra, Vm. 116. This word does not occur in the Grágás, but only after A. D. 1281; for the reading hreppstjóri in the D. I. i. 199 (in a deed supposed to be of A. D. 1150) is only found in a mod. transcript, and the original prob. had hreppstjórnarmenn (pl.)
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f. the office of a hreppstjóri, Jb. 184: the management of a Rape, K. Á. 96, Jb. 178. hreppstjórnar-þing, n. = hreppa-skil or hreppsfundr, Jb. 182.
a. hale, hearty, in good spirits.
adj. [cp. A. S. and Hel. hrôr, and prob. akin to hraustr, qs. ‘hrers;’ cp. Germ. rührig, rüstig]:—hale, hearty, in good spirits; hann var af æsku-aldri ok þó maðr inn hressasti, Eg. 202; en þó var Kveldúlfr hress maðr ok vel færr, 84; hraustr ok vel hress, Ld. 56; en er allr herrinn hafði drukkit, þá vórum vér hressir, Al. 167; hann var hinn hressasti, he was quite well (after a sickness), Sturl. ii. 182; ú-hress, low, sickly, Stj. 374.
(-ta, -tr), v.
1) to refresh, cheer;
hann bað hann ~ sik, he bade him cheer up;
refl., ~st, to recover strength, be refreshed;
2) to restore (~ staðinn).
t, to refresh, cheer; hressa kararmenn, 655 xiii. B. 3; h. halta, Mar.; hón lét gera honum laugar ok h. hann, Bret. 164; tökum nú til fæðu ok hressum oss, 656 C. 22; hann bað hann hressa sik, he bade him be of good cheer, bade him cheer up, Eg. 102: with prepp., h. upp, to restore a building, 623. 14; at hann skyldi ráðask norðr til Múnka-þverár ok h. staðinn, Sturl. i. 223.
II. reflex. to recover one’s strength or spirits, be refreshed, Fms. ii. 59, 270, vi. 303, Finnb. 234, Bs. i. 319, Fas. ii. 356, Eg. 645.
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f. recovery of strength, refreshment.
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a, m. good health, heartiness, Fms. iv. 13.
n. storm, = hregg.
n. a tempest, storm, Edda 99, Hkr. i. 282: freq. in mod. usage, esp. of a lasting storm and tempest, viku-hret, hálfs-mánaðar-hret, a tempest lasting a week or fortnight; Þorra-hret, Jónsmessu-hret, a tempest in the month of Thorri, on St. John Baptist’s day; kafalds-hret, a snow storm.
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n. a tempest, Þd., Sturl. (in a verse).
(-ða, -ðr), v. to move, stir, with acc.;
refl., ~st, to put oneself in motion, stir.
ð, [Ivar Aasen royva], to stir, with acc., (but in mod. usage, with acc. of a person, and dat. of a thing); nú varðar eigi þótt sá seyðr rjúki er þeir hafa hreyft, Fms. vi. 105; engi knút fékk hann leyst ok engi álar-endann hreyft, Edda 28.
II. reflex. to put oneself into motion, stir, Mag. 93: of a bird (= beina flug), rœyfðisk inn hösfjaðri, Fagrsk. (Hornklofi), of the raven, to shake his feathers, cp. Fms. x. 130 (in a verse); hann hreyfðisk at fljúga, Konr.; feldr nokkurr liggr þar—mér þykkir sem hræfisk (i. e. hrœyfisk) stundum er ek lít til, Fas. ii. 167.
2. metaph., hefsk upp ok hreyfisk í farsælligum hlutum, Stj. 376.
III. this word, which in old writers is of rare occurrence and limited in sense, has in mod. usage become one of the general terms for to move, stir, and is usually, though erroneously, spelt with ei, hreifa; hreifa við e-u, to touch on a thing; hreifa sig, to stir the limbs; hann hreifir sig ekki, he does not stir:—also with dat., h. e-u máli, to move, bring forward a case; hann hreifði því ekki, he did not even mention it; hvar sem ófriðr hreifir sér, Pass. …
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f. motion, movement, (mod. and spelt hreifing.)
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t, [hraukr], to puff up; h. sér, þeir sem hreykjast heldr hátt hrapa fyrri vonum, Grönd.
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see heyrar.
n.
1) = hreysar;
2) cave, den (skríða í ~).
n. and hreysar, f. pl., Fms. v. 70, Jb. 211, N. G. L. i. 14, 431; [Ivar Aasen rös; cp. Dunmail Raise (i. e. Dunmail’s Cairn) in Westmoreland]:—a heap of stones (= Icel. urð), where wild beasts abide, Hým. 35; holt ok hreysar, Fms. v. 70; hölkn eða hreysar, Jb. 211; hangar eðr hreysar, N. G. L. i. 14, 431; þeir drógu í burt líkama hans ok reyrðu í hreysi nokkuru, Fms. vii. 227; skríða í hreysi, to slink into a den, Hkv. 1. 33, Lv. 61; í hreysum eðr holum, Bárð. 168; liggja í hreysum, Fms. vi. 425; þú liggr þá í hreysum eðr fylgsnum, viii. 157, Konr. 22.
2. in mod. usage = a poor wretched cottage, a hovel.
COMPDS: hreysiköttr, hreysivísla.
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m. in íll-hreysingr, a savage ruffian.
m. ermine, weasel.
m. a wild cat, Stj. 93.
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u, f. a weasel, Rb. 356.
(-sta, -str), v. to encourage make valiant;
~ sik, to cheer up, take heart or courage.
t, to make valiant, Finnb. 332; h. sik, to comfort oneself, cheer oneself up, Grett. 138.
f. valour, prowess.
f. [hraustr], valour, prowess, Eg. 16, Nj. 266, Fs. 55, Gullþ. 65, Fms. i. 34, vi. 58, vii. 326, Eb. 116, Fas. iii. 144, passim.
COMPDS: hreystibragð, hreystimaðr, hreystimannliga, hreystimannligr, hreystiorð, hreystiraun, hreystiverk.
n. feat of prowess.
n. a feat of prowess, Karl. 417, 451.
adv. stoutly, boldly.
adv. stoutly, boldly, Fms. i. 42, Ísl. ii. 369.
a, stout, bold.
adj. stout, bold, Nj. 200.
m. valiant man.
m. a valiant man, Eg. 73, Edda 16, Fb. ii. 72.
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adv. gallantly, Fms. vii. 289.
a. gallant, bold.
adj. gallant, bold, Fms. ii. 120.
n. word of prowess.
n. a word of prowess, Fms. i. 180.
f. trial of valour.
f. a trial of valour, Fms. vi. 260.
n. deed of prowess.
n. a deed of prowess, a deed of derring-do, Fms. ii. 105, Finnb. 330.
(-tta, -tt), v. to cast, scatter, throw about, with dat. (h. mold-inni, hringum).
t, [hrjóta], to spread, scatter, throw about, with dat., Rm. 35, Am. 43, Sks. 226, 229, Eb. 200 new Ed.
f. spreading, scattering.
f. a spreading, Lv. 75.
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m. a sprinkler, Lat. sparsor, Lex. Poët.
n. top (a child’s toy).
n. a top, as a child’s toy, Fms. iii. 227.
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m. a kind of shoes or stockings (?), Parc. (thrice), a part of Percival’s dress when he left his mother. hriflinga-björg, f. a hand to mouth life, Fas. iii. 538.
n. robbery, pillaging.
n. robbery; rifs ok rán, Stj. 236, Fms. xi. 252, Fb. i. 363.
(að), v. to rob, pillage.
að, or older rifsa, [cp. A. S. reafian; Engl. to rob, rifle; Scot. reif, reff = plunder, reiver = robber; Germ. rauben, etc.]:—to rob, pillage; rifsa ok grápa, Stj. 78, 154; rænt ok rifsat, 236; hripsa ok ræna, Thom. 534.
f., = hrifs.
f. a robbing, pillaging, Fb. ii. 412.
f., = hrifs.
f. = hrifsan, Fas. i. 92.
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adj. (-lega, adv.), huge.
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m. a game of giants, Bjarni 34.
m., huge fellow.
a, m. a huge fellow, Fas. ii. 378, freq. in mod. usage: a giant, Edda (Gl.)
COMPDS: hrikalegr, hrikaleikr.
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t, to creak, Am. 36 (of door hinges), where spelt hricþo, as if from hrika, which seems the true old form; but the mod. form is hrikta.
(hrín; hrein, hrinum; hrinit), v.
1) to squeal (of swine); h. við, to neigh to a horse (of a mare in heat);
2) h. á (or á e-m), to take effect, esp. of imprecations.
see hrinur.
(hrind; hratt, hrandum; hrundinn), v.
1) to push, thrust, with dat. (hann hratt hestinum í vök eina); var þá hrundit hátnum, the ship’s boat was put out; h. hurð (upp), to push the door open; h. e-m í myrkvastofu, to cast into prison; h. á braut, to drive away; h. skipi fram or út, to launch a ship; impers., hratt stundum fyrir, en stundum frá, the clouds were drifting on and off (the moon);
2) to cast (throw) off (h. harmi, ótta); h. máli, to make a case void, clear oneself of it; h. e-u af e-m, to free one from, rid one of a thing.
pres. hrind; pret. hratt, 2nd pers. hratt, mod. hrazt, hraztu, Ó. H. (in a verse); pl. hrundu; subj. hryndi; imperat. hrind, hritt’, and hrittú, Fsm. 43; part. hrundinn; in mod. usage pres. weak hrindi, and even a pret. hrinti is in use: [A. S. hrindan]:—to push, kick, throw, with dat.; ef hann hrindr manni í eld, Grág. ii. 129; Þorkell hratt Knúti af baki, Fb. ii. 23; hann hratt hestinum í vök eina, Fms. i. 211, Nj. 91; skaut hann við honum hendi ok hratt honum, Fms. vi. 6; þá höfðu þeir út hrundit skipunum, Hkr. i. 153; h. skipi fram or í vatn, to launch a ship, Eg. 142, Nj. 18, Fms. i. 58, Ó. H. 109, Fas. iii. 40; var þá hrundit bátnum, the ship’s boat was put out or off, Grett. 95; h. e-m í eld, to kick him into the fire, Akv. 20; h. hurð, to push the door open, Eg. 560; h. á hurð, Fsm. 43; h. í myrkva-stofu, to cast into prison, Post. 656 C. 33; h. á braut, to drive away, Fms. ix. 380; brot hrundinn or sæti, Sks. 623; hratt (threw) á völl brynju, Hkm. 4; að þeir hryndi honum þar af fram, Luke iv. 29.
II. metaph., er hann fékk öndinni frá sér hrundit, when he could draw his breath, Eg. 553; …
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f. a pushing, kicking, N. G. L. i. 157.
(að), v. to furnish with a ring.
að, to furnish with a ring, to hook, Stj. 644 (2 Kings xix. 28, of Sennacherib): to coil into rings, h. sik, of a serpent.
(pl. -ar), f. bell-ringing.
f. a bell-ringing, Fms. iii. 60, Hkr. ii. 111, N. G. L. i. 381, Eluc. 147.
I)
(-da, -t), v. to ring bells.
II)
(-da, -dr), v. to encircle, surround; h. e-u um e-n, to encircle with (cf. kringja um, urnkringja).
III)
f. buckle.
1. u, f. a buckle, Fas. i. 319, 331, Landn. 87, Fb. i. 354.
2. d, [hringr], to encircle, surround; also kringja (q. v.), Fms. v. 53; hrinctu mik, imperat. surround me! a dub. reading, Gkv. 3. 5.
I)
(-da, -t), v. to ring bells.
II)
(-da, -dr), v. to encircle, surround; h. e-u um e-n, to encircle with (cf. kringja um, urnkringja).
III)
f. buckle.
d, [A. S. hringan; Engl. ring; Dan. ringe]:—to ring bells, Nj. 189, Grág. i. 27, Fms. iii. 60: act. with dat., K. Þ. K. 48: reflex., hringdisk klukka sjálf, Bs. i. 443.
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að, to clatter, rattle.
(-s, ar), m.
1) ring, circle; slá hring um e-n, to make a ring around one; í hring, in a circle; hann fór í hring um skipit, he swam in a circle round the ship; með hringum, all around, altogether (brendu upp bœinn Með hringum);
2) ring (on the finger or arm, at the end of a chest, in a door, at the end of the hilt); link (in a chain).
m., pl. hringar, in mod. usage sometimes hringir: [A. S., Hel., and O. H. G. hring; Engl., Germ., Dan., and Swed. ring, ringlet]:
I. a ring, circle; tungl hvert gengr sinn hring, Rb. 53 (1812); h. jarðar, the earth’s circumference, Hom. 20; slá hring um e-n, to make a ring around one, Stj. 312, Fms. viii. 67; hann hefir lykkju af ái en hringinn af ói, of the circle or bight of the letter , Skálda 161; hann þóttisk sjá þangat hring ok elds-lit á, Nj. 194.
2. í hring, adv. in a ring or circle; þeir lögðu þann sjá í hring utan um hana, Edda; sól gengr umhverfis í hring, Rb. 66 (1812); standa umhverfis í hring, to stand round in a ring, Fms. iv. 160, (mann-hringr, a ring of men); hann sveiflaði sverðinu í hring um sik, he swept with his sword all round him, Sturl. iii. 220; hann fór í hring um (swam in a circle around) skipit, Ld. 56; lagðir steinar í hring utan um, Eg. 486; nú snúask þessi merki í hring um heiminn á hverjum tveim dægrum, Rb. 104; hann gékk þá í hring hjá konungi, Fms. vi. 206.
3. as an adverb. phrase, með (at) hringum, all around, altogether, taka allt með hringum, Arnór; …
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m. = hringleikr.
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adj. wall-eyed, of a horse.
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a, m. a mythol. ship, Edda.
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u, f. a whirling eddy.
m. ring-dance.
m. a game in which the players stood in a ring, a ring-dance; um kveldit eptir náttverð mælti Sturla við Guðnýju húsfreyju, at slá skyldi hringleik, ok fara til alþýða heimamanna ok gestir, Sturl. i. 82; slá hringleik, Stj. 400, 466; gera h., id., Karl. 470.
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adj. coiled up, of a serpent, Hm. 85.
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part. woven with rings, of a coat of mail, Lex. Poët.: woven with rings, of a stuff, Vm. 22, Am. 33.
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sneri, to twirl or turn round.
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f. pl. [hrína], a howling, Sturl. iii. 176, Fas. iii. 149, Konr. 29.
m. box of laths, basket.
n. a box of laths or a basket to carry peat and the like on horseback, with a drop at the bottom, Lv. 65, (mó-hrip, torf-hrip.) hrips-grind, f. the frame of a h., id. Hence the phrase, það er eins og að ausa vatni í hrip, ‘it is like pouring water into a sieve,’ (cp. Lat. ‘Danaidum dolia implere’), of useless efforts: hurried work, e. g. hurried writing, as if dropped out of the quill.
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að, to leak much; þá hripar allt, or það hrip-lekr, it leaks fast: metaph. to write hurriedly, h. bréf; það er hripað í mesta flýtri.
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n. and hrípsa, að, see hrifsa.
m. fire (poet.).
m., poët. a fire, Edda (Gl.), Gm. 1.
(-Sta, -str), v. to shake (h. höfuðit); h. e-t af sér, to shake it off; marir hristust, the horses shook their manes; þeim hristust tennr í höfði, the teeth chattered in their head.
t, [Ulf. hrisjan = to shake; A. S. hreosan; Hel. hrisjan; Dan. ryste]:—to shake, Ld. 148, Hým. 1; h. höfuðit, to shake one’s head, Fms. iii. 192; h. skegg, to shake the beard, Þkv. 1; h. e-t af sér, to shake it off, Sd. 158, Fms. vii. 186; hann hristi at honum stúfinn, v. 184; hann hristi bótann af fæti sér, vii. 186; h. vönd yfir e-m, Sks. 700; h. teninga í hendi sér, Fb. ii. 174; hrista sik, to shake himself, of a dog, lion; þeim hristusk tennr í höfði, the teeth chattered in their mouth, Fas. i. 78; marir hristusk, the horses shook their manes, Hkv. Hjörv. 28; darraðr hristisk, the shafts shook, Hkm. 2; björg hristusk, of an earthquake, Haustl.: also freq. in mod. usage, hið græna tréð var hrakið ok hrist, Pass. 32. 13.
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m. a shaker; h. hjálms, helm-shaker, κορυθαίολος, Lex. Poët.
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f., poët.; h. háls-hringa, the shaker of the necklace, epithet of a lady, Bragi.
(pl. -ir), f.
1) storm, esp. snowstorm; h. mikla gerði at þeim, laust á fyrir þeim h. mikilli, they were caught by a violent snow-storm;
2) attack, onset, in a battle (hörð, snörp h.);
3) a while; nökkura h., for a while; langa (litla) h., a long (little) while; þessar hríðir allar, all this while; um h., for a while (hann dvaldist þar um h.); um hríðir sakir = um ~; í hríðinni, immediately, at once (hann fór í hríðinni upp til Hofs); hríðum, frequently (stundum í Hvammi, en hríðum at Stað);
4) space, distance (var þó h. löng í millum).
f. [A. S. hrîð a απ. λεγ. in the poem Widsith; Scot. and North. E. snow-wreath]:—a tempest, storm, in old writers only of a snow storm, as also in present use, except in western Icel., where rain and sleet are also called hríð; hríðir ok íllviðri, Rb. 102; hríð mikla görði at þeim, Nj. 263; hríð veðrs, 282; önnur hríð kom þá menn riðu til alþingis (A. D. 1118) ok drap fé manna fyrir norðan land, Bs. i. 74; í ógurligum hríðum, 656 B. 12; þá görði á harða veðráttu ok hríðir á fjallinu, ok hinn sjötta dag Jóla höfðu þeir hríð, Sturl. iii. 215; þá gerði at þeim hríð svá mikla, at hríðin drap til dauðs son hans frumvaxta, Fms. vi. 31; þá létti hríðinni, a violent snow storm, Bjarn. 55; síðan létti upp hríðinni, Fb. ii. 194; laust á fyrir þeim hríð mikilli, Dropl. 10; en hríðin hélzt hálfan mánuð ok þótti mönnum þat langt mjök, 11; þá kom hríð sú á Dymbildögum at menn máttu eigi veita tíðir í kirkjum, Bs. i. 30; hríð með frosti, Fas. iii. 318.
2. metaph. a shock, attack, in a battle; hörð, snörp, hríð, Fms. ii. 323, viii. 139, Hkr. iii. 158, Nj. 115, Eg. 492, passim; þá lét jarlinn binda postulann ok berja svipum, en er gengnar vóru sjau hríðir (rounds) bardagans, 656 B. …
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d, to excite, Th. 3.
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m., poët. a sword, Edda (Gl.)
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part. storm-blown, Hallfr. (epithet of the waves).
a. indecl. killed by a snow-storm.
adj. killed by a snow storm, 656 B. 12.
a. detained by a snow-storm.
adj. held fast by a storm, Sturl. ii. 235, Fms. ii. 239.
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adj. stormy, epithet of the clouds, Gm. 40, v. l. (Edda).
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adj. distressed, agitated, Vígl. (in a verse).
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n. the nick of time, Edda i. 332 (Ob.), where Kb. hrimdal (wrongly); cp. the words, en jöfnuðr var milli prestanna samt annarra góðra bænda þar í Fljótum, sem gáfu ánum hey allan vetrinn, ok mín á Okrum í miðsveitinni, sem ekki gaf hey nema at taka úr hríðmál, Fél. iv. 198, where hríðmál and allan vetrinn are opposed to each other.
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n., poët. the heaven, Harms. 28.
n. storm, tempest.
n. a tempest, Eb. 204, Sturl. iii. 215.
(hríf; hreif, hrifum; hrifinn), v.
1) to catch, snatch (~ til e-s);
~ við, to take hold, to grip (kasta akkerum, ok ~ þau við, um síðir);
impers., hríft við, it takes effect, it turns out well;
2) to scratch (hann lét ~ sér með kömbum).
u, f. a rake, Eb. 258, Fms. iii. 207, Háv. 47.
COMPDS: hrífutindr, hrífuskapt.
(hríf; hreif, hrifum; hrifinn), v.
1) to catch, snatch (~ til e-s);
~ við, to take hold, to grip (kasta akkerum, ok ~ þau við, um síðir);
impers., hríft við, it takes effect, it turns out well;
2) to scratch (hann lét ~ sér með kömbum).
hreif, hrifu, hrifinn, [prob, from the same root as hrifsa, cp. Engl. to rive]:—to catch, grapple; kasta akkerum, ok hrífa þau við um síðir, Bs. i. 423; en nokkuð bægði allstaðar svá at hvergi hreif við, Gísl. 125; þá hét hann á heilagan Jón biskup … ok hreif þegar við, Bs. i. 197; hann reist þeim seiðvillur með þeim atkvæðum, at þeim hrifi sjálfum seiðmönnum, Fas. iii. 319; hann hrífr þá til hlustanna, Fs. 146: rare in old writers, but freq. in mod. usage: also in a metaph. sense, to affect, to move, touch, stir into a passion, hrifinn, part. moved, enthusiastic, etc.
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-höfuð, n. a rake-handle, head of a rake, freq. in mod. usage.
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m. the teeth of a rake.
n.
1) rime, hoar frost;
2) the black soot on a kettle (ketil~).
n. [A. S. hrîm; Engl. rime; Dan. rim-frost; cp. Germ. reif]:—rime, hoar frost, Edda 4, Vþm. 31, Korm. (in a verse), Fms. vi. 23 (in a verse), Merl. 1. 51, freq. in mod. usage.
COMPDS: hrímdrif, Hrímfaxi, hrímfextr, hrímfrosinn, hrímsteinar, Hrímþursar.
II. the black soot on a kettle, ketil-hrím.
COMPDS: Hrímgerðr, hrímkaldr, hrímkalkr.
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see hrynjandi.
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a, m. = hrím, Lex. Poët.
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m. the name of a giant, Edda.
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adj. sooty, black, Korm. (in a verse).
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a, m. a lazy lout, who lies on the hearth black with soot, cp. kolbítr, Fas. iii. 18.
n. rime-drift.
n. a drift of rime, Sks. 230.
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a, m. Rime-mane, a mythol. horse, Edda 56, Vþm. 14.
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part. rime-maned, of the waves, Fas. ii. (in a verse).
pp. rimy.
part. rimy, Sks. 230.
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f. name of a giantess, Hkv. Hjörv.
a. rime-cold.
adj. rime cold, Vþm. 21, Ls. 49, Fm. 38.
m. foaming cup.
m. a rimy cup, from the froth on the mead, Ls. 53, Skm. 37.
m. pl. rime-covered stones.
m. pl. rime stones, Edda 38, 48.
m. pl. frost-giants.
m. pl. ‘Rime-giants;’ the Titans of the Scandin. mythology were so called, as opposed to and older than the common Jötnar (Giants), Vþm. 33, Hm. 109, Gm. 31, Skm. 34; hrímþursar ok bergrisar, Edda 10, 15, 25, 38.
(hrín; hrein, hrinum; hrinit), v.
1) to squeal (of swine); h. við, to neigh to a horse (of a mare in heat);
2) h. á (or á e-m), to take effect, esp. of imprecations.
pres. hrín; pret. hrein, pl. hrinu; part. hrinið:—
A. To squeal like swine; stundum jarmaði hann sem geit eðr hrein sem svín, Greg. 50, Fas. iii. 148; hani, krummi, hundr, svín … | galar, krunkar, geltir, hrín, a ditty, passim.
β. of an animal in heat; þá hljóp merr at hestinum ok hrein við, Edda 26; hrein hænan við hananum, Fs. 156.
B. [A. S. hrînan = tangere], to cleave to, stick; það hrín ekki á, it will not stick, e. g. of throwing water on a duck’s back; það hrín ekki á svörtu, i. e. black (spots) on black will not be seen.
2. metaph. to take effect, hurt, esp. of curses or imprecations; mjök þykir þetta atkvæði á hafa hrinit, Ld. 154; ella mun ek mæla þat orð er alla æfi mun uppi vera í knérunni yðrum, ok mun á hrína, Anal. 186; ellegar hríni þat allt á þér sem ek hefi þér verst beðit, Fas. iii. 206, 390; þótti þat mjök hafa hrinit á er Ósvífr hafði spáð, Ld. 230; cp. áhrins-orð, curses that take effect.
n.
1) brushwood;
2) faggots.
n. [A. S. hrîs; Old Engl. ris or rys (Chaucer); Dan. riis; Swed. ris; Germ. reis]:—a collective noun, shrubs, brushwood; hrís ok hátt gras, Hm. 120; smá hris ok þá enn holt, Fms. vi. 334 (v. l.), vii. 31, Eg. 220; hann fannsk í hrísum nokkurum, Fms. vii. 31, 68, Fs. 155; hörfuðu þeir þannig um hrísin, Sturl. i. 150: fagots, Ld. 214, 216, Rm. 9; til hrísa ok haga, Jm. 7; brjóta hrís, to break fagots, D. N. i. 215: so in the phrase, brjóta hrís í hæla e-m, to break fagots on another’s heels, give him a thrashing, Fms. vi. 339 (in a verse): rífa hrís, to make fagots: the saying, þjökkva skal hræsinn við (nið?) með hrísi, Sighvat, is dubious, perh. við = nið, i. e. a proud son wants the rod, cp. Prov. xiii. 24.
II. local names, Hrísar, Hrís-hóll, etc., Landn.
COMPDS: hrísbítr, hrísbrot, hrísbyrðr, hrísfleki, hríshögg, hrískjörr, hrísmagi, hrísrif, hrísrunnr.
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u, f. a female hrísungr (q. v.), N. G. L. i. 206.
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a, m. = hrísungr (?), a nickname, Landn.
f. sprig of a branch, twig.
u, f. a dimin. a twig or sprig of a branch, Ísl. ii. 356, Rd. 240, Ld. 52, N. G. L. i. 270, Fb. iii. 453, Barl. 56.
m. a kind of bastard.
m. a law term, a kind of bastard, one begotten in the woods, but of a free mother, N. G. L. i. 48, 228: in the Grágás, a son born of a free woman, but begotten whilst she was a bondwoman; he could not inherit, and, though called free born, had to be declared free personally (pro formâ), Grág. i. 178; cp. rishöfde in the old Swed. law. The heipt hrísungs = stones, Ýt. 19, refers to the tale of the Sons of Jormunrek, of which one (Erp) is in Hðm. called hornungr.
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m. twig-biter, a nickname, Fms. ix.
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n. breaking wood for fagots, D. N.
f. load of faggots.
f. a load of fagots, Fbr. 47, Pm. 423.
m. hurdle of brushwood.
a, m. a hurdle of brush-wood, Rd. 240.
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n. = hrísbrot, Vm. 96.
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n. pl. brushwood, Ld. 204, Landn. 68, Fms. vii. 31, 123, Þiðr. 67.
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a, m. a nickname, Ld. 216.
a. grown with shrubs.
adj. grown with shrubs, Eg. 219, Fb. iii. 453.
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n. = hrísbrot, Grág. ii. 263, 264, Dipl. v. 10.
m. bush.
m. a bush, Eb. 200, Rd. 250, Fms. vii. 250, Thom. 473.
(hrjái, hrjáða, hrjáðr), v. to vex, harass (a person).
f. a rout, (cp. slang Engl. row), struggle, Fms. vi. 212, Fas. ii. 505.
(hrjái, hrjáða, hrjáðr), v. to vex, harass (a person).
ð, to vex, distress, harass a person, Fms. vi. 204 (v. l.), viii. 78, Th. 77: neut. to struggle, wrestle, hann kvaðsk af hafa lagt at rjá (sic), Grett. 146 A: freq. in mod. usage and with the h, Pass. 9. 9; hrjáð er holdið líka, Stef. Ól.
(hrýð; hrauð, hruðum; hroðinn), v.
1) to unload (h. skip sín);
2) to strip, disable, esp. a ship in a sea-fight (hann hrauð öll víkingaskipin);
3) impers., hrýðr e-u, it clears away; mun hroðit myrkvanum, the fog will have cleared away; hrauð upp ór honum miklu vatni, he brought up much water;
4) refl., hrauðsk ór skikkju, she threw off her mantle.
pret. hrauð, pl. hruðu, part. hroðinn:—to strip, disable, esp. a ship in a sea-fight; hann hrauð öll víkinga-skipin, Fms. i. 27; var þá hroðit þat skip stafna á meðal, 178; þau skip er þeir sjálfir ynni ok hryði af Ólafi konungi, ii. 303; hruðu þeir öll Dana skip þau er þeir fengu haldit, 314; hrauð Magnús konungr þat skip ok síðan hvárt at öðru, vi. 78, 84; þeir hruðu sum skipin Birkibeina, viii. 290; léttu þeir feðgar eigi fyrr en hroðit var skipit, Eg. 122.
2. of ships, to unload; þeir hrjóða skip sín ok setja landfestar, Al. 13; ok er rétt at h. skip ok bera farm af þótt Drottins-dagr sé, af …, K. Þ. K. 82; skip skal eigi h. um helgi nema skips-háski sé, N. G. L. i. 142.
3. to be cleared; var þá enn hroðinn valrinn, the battle-field was cleared of the slain, Fms. v. 97; mun hroðit myrkvanum (the fog has cleared away) þar sem þeir eru, Hkr. iii. 94.
II. impers. to belch or vomit forth, of steam, fire, expectoration, or the like; kongrinn hjó með Hneiti þá svo hrauð af eggjum báðum, so that both edges struck fire, Ór. 48; eldi hrauð ór hlunni, Lex. Poët.; kvað hann þat vera svelg ok hrauð stundum svá hátt upp ór sem fjall væri, Bret. …
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1. m. [A. S. hroder], poët. one of the heavens, Edda (Gl.); whence hrjóðr-leika, u, f. the sun, id.
2. m. a destroyer, Lex. Poët.
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u, f. [Old Engl. royne = a scab; roynous, roynish = scabby (Chaucer and Shaksp.); cp. also ronyon]:—roughness, Edda (Lauf.), and hrjónungr, m. id., esp. from flaws in ice. The word, which is old, although not recorded in ancient writers, is interesting on account of its being akin to hraun, q. v.
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adj. rough; h. íshrufa, Edda.
(hrýss, hraus, hrosit), v., only in the phrase, hrýss mér hugr við, I shudder with horror (ávalt hrýss mér hugr við, er ek sé þik).
hraus, hrusu. subj. hrysi, a defect. strong verb: [A. S. hreosan = to shake; Ivar Aasen rysja; Swed. rysa; akin to hrista, q. v.]:—to shudder; ok hraus þeim mjök hugr við hánum, Grett. 78 new Ed.; ávallt hrýs mér hugr við er ek sé þik, Krók. 7 new Ed. (1866).
n. barren, rocky place.
m. a rough place, barren rocky place, Grág. ii. 282, Jb. 242.
a. rough, barren.
adj., mod. hrjóstrugr, rough, barren, Bs. i. 674.
(hrýt; hraut, hrutum; hrotinn), v.
1) to fall, fly, be flung (øxin hraut ór hendi honum); hraut upp hurðin, the door was flung open; eldr hraut ór hlunnunum, fire sprang from the rollers; ~ spœnirnir upp í móti honum, the chips flew up into his face; h. í sundr, to be snapped asunder (í sundur hrutu baugar);
2) to snore (hann svaf ok hraut sterkliga).
pres. hrýt, pl. hrjóta; pret. hraut, 2nd pers. hrauzt, pl. hrutu; subj. hryti; part. hrotinn:—to rebound, fall, fly, be flung, with the notion of shaking or violence; öxin hraut ór hendi honum, Nj. 28, Fs. 101; björg hrutu ór stað, Rb. 318; hrutu fyrir borð höfuð ok limir, Fms. i. 171; hraut upp hurðin, vi. 121; annarr hraut í sundr, rent asunder, Hkr. ii. 143; barrarnar hrutu í sundr, were crushed, Sturl. ii. 49; hamrar sprungu en hrutu steinar, Krosskv. 13; vápnin hrutu af upp af skallanum, the swords rebounded from his skull, without hurting him, Fms. xi. 132; förunautar hans hrutu frá, they started back, Fbr. 40; hann blæss í nafars-raufina ok hrjóta spænirnir upp móti honum, Edda 49; en þó hraut þat upp fyrir Þorgrími, at …, that (word) broke forth from Th., he was heard to say, that …, Grett. 120 A.
2. metaph., eldr hraut ór törgunni, fire started from the target, Korm. 88; eldr hraut ór hlunnunum ok lönd öll skulfu, Edda 38, Gullþ. 9; hryti hár logi hús mín í gögnum, Am. 15; svá sýndist sem dust hryti ór hreinbjálfanum, the dust flew out of the cloak, Fb. ii. 356; hrýtr (sparkled) ór skallanum við höggin, Fms. …
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a.
1) rough to the touch (h. háls);
2) scurvy.
adj. [A. S. hreof = scabby; Engl. rough], rough, rugged to the touch; hrjúfr háls, Fas. iii. 37 (in a verse).
2. scabby, scurvy; líkþráir ok hrjúfir, 655 xi; þeir eru sem hrjúfir sé, er orðmargir eru, id.; hendr hans höfðu hryfar (i. e. hrjúfar) verit ok fætr ok vall hvárt-tveggja vági, Greg. 75, Ld. 232, v. l.
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að, to huddle up; h. e-u af.
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adv. coarsely, badly (done).
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adj. coarse, bad (workmanship): brutal.
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n. a brutal person.
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m. brutality.
m.
1) trash, rubbish;
2) disturbance, riot (h. ok stornir).
a, m. [hrjóða II], refuse, offal, Fær. 186; dún-h., refuse of eiderdown; medic. excretion.
2. = hrjá, a rout, riot, Fbr. 8; cp. also hryðja. hroða-vænligr, adj. likely to cause a row, Njarð. 366.
II. metaph. a rough, brutal man.
COMPDS: hroðalega, hroðalegr, hroðamenni, hroðaskapr.
from hrjóða.
hroðit, part. of a lost verb [= A. S. hreôdan, to paint], painted, stained, only found once, hroðit sigli, Skv. 3. 47; and in the compd gull-roðinn, q. v.
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adj. doing hurried and bungling work, (hroðvirkni, f.)
n. roe, spawn.
n. pl. [Engl. roe; Dan. rogn; Swed. row], roe, spawn, Sks. 48, Landn. 117 (as a nickname), freq.
n. lumpfish.
n., proncd. hrokkelsi, the cyclopterus, lump-sucker, collectively; but the male fish is called rauðmagi, the female grámagi or grásleppa, Bjarn. (in a verse), freq. hrokkelsa-fjara, u, f. catching lump-suckers on the beach.
(að), v. to fill above the brim.
að, (see hraukr), to fill a vessel above the brim; cistera hrokuð af gulli, Hkr. iii. 245; hrokaðr (brimful) af úlyfjan, Th. 19: metaph., h. sig upp, to puff oneself up with pride: also hroka-fylla, t, to fill over the brim.
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adj. full of insolence.
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adj. (-lega, adv.), overbearing.
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n. swelling words, Jude 16.
m. a heap above the brim.
a, m. the heap above the brim of a full vessel; með hroka færdæmingar, covered with disgrace, H. E. i. 514.
II. metaph. insolence, overbearing manners, freq.
COMPDS: hrokafullr, hrokalegr, hrokayrði.
pp. curly (hrokkit hár); wrinkled (hrokkit skinn).
part. (see hrökkva), curled: hrokkin-hárr, -hærðr, adj. curly-haired, Fms. vii. 101, Fbr. 5, 176, Bs. i. 127, Þiðr. 176: hrokkin-skinna, u, f. ‘wrinkle-skin,’ term of abuse for an old woman, Fms. ii. 130: name of a MS. given to it by Torfeus, cp. Fagr-skinna, Grá-skinna, Gullin-skinna, Morkin-skinna, = Fair-skin, Gray-skin, Golden-skin, Rotten-skin, all names of Icel. vellum MSS.
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m. a kind of eel, old form hrökkvi-áll, Bragi.
(-di), v. to shiver, shudder (hrollir hugr minn).
d, to shiver, and metaph. to shudder; hrollir hugr minn, Fb. i. (in a verse); hroldi hotvetna, Am. 95; hrolla á hríslu, Fas. i. (in a verse), cp. Sól. 38.
m. shivering (from cold).
m. a shivering, from cold; hann hafði hroll mikinn í búknum, Fas. ii. 394; h. kom í hörund honum, Orkn. 184; h. og kuldi, Dropl. (Major); kulda-h., a shivering from cold: metaph. horror, Fas. i. 194.
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a, m. a word of uncertain sense; Ögmundr sagðisk eigi þá mundu sigla lengra en um þveran hroptann, Sd. 151.
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m. a mythical name of Odin, perh. the crier, prophet (from hrópa), Gm. 8, Kormak, Vsp. 61, Ls. 45, Eb. 78 (in a verse), Hd. (Edda); prop. an appellative, as seen from the compds Rögna-hroptr, m. the crier of the gods, the prophet = Odin, Hm. 143; Hropta-týr, m. the crying god = Odin, Hm. 161, Gm. 54.
n.
1) horse;
2) mare.
m., spelt hors, Stj. 178: [A. S. hors; Engl. horse; O. H. G. hros; Germ. ross]:—a horse, Hm. 70, Grág. i. 194, 432, 433, 599, Nj. 69, Sturl. iii. 227, Gþl. 190, Eb. 106, Fb. ii. 184, 313; stóð-h., a stud-horse, steed; mer-h., a mare; áburðar-h., a hackney.
2. spec. a mare, opp. to hestr, a stallion; litföróttr hestr með ljósum hrossum, Gullþ. 14, Hrafn. 6; hestr eða h., N. G. L. ii. 68; ef maðr á hest (a stallion), þá skal hann annathvárt kaupa hross (a mare) til, eða fá at láni, 125.
COMPDS:
I. hrossa-bein, n. horse bone, horse flesh, Sturl. i. 184. hrossa-beit, f. bite or grazing for horses, Jm. 20, Pm. 38. hrossa-brestr, m. a rattle. hrossa-fellir, m. loss of horses, from hunger or disease, Ann. 1313. hrossa-fúlga, u, f. fodder or pay given to keep a horse, Grág. i. 432. hrossa-fætr, m. pl. horses’ hoofs, Rb. 348; troðin undir hrossa fótum, Fas. i. 227. hrossa-gaukr, see gaukr. …
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m. the mash (in brewing).
a, m. [Dan. roste; perh. the Engl. roast is akin; in Ivar Aasen roste—the mash]:—the mash in a brewer’s boiler, also the boiler and mash together; fánn h., the shining frothy mash, Stor. 18; whence hrosta-fen, hrosta-brim, n. the hot boiling fluid, Kormak, Arnór; hrosta-búð, f. a beer-shop, D. N. v. 763; hrosta-lúðr, m. a ‘mash-box,’ = the boiler; the word only occurs in poetry.
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u, f. the barnacle-goose, = hrotgás: as a term of abuse, karl-hrota, an old man.
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adj. coarse, crude,
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m. coarseness.
m.
1) sword (poet.);
2) a coarse, rude fellow.
a, m., poët. a sword, Edda (Gl.), Lex. Poët.: metaph. a coarse, rude fellow; sá inn heimski h., Fms. ii. 161; hinn gamli hrottinn, Grett. 118 A, Karl. 534.
COMPDS: hrottalegr, hrottaskapr.
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f. pl. snoring.
f. barnacle-goose.
f. [Dan. rodgaas; Norse rotgaas; Orkn. rood-goose]:—a barnacle-goose, Edda (Gl.)
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see hræ.
(gen. -rs and -rar), m. praise.
m., gen. hróðrar and hróðrs: [A. S. hræð, hrôðer; O. H. G. hruodi; Goth. hrôþ is assumed as the subst. of hrôþeigs, 2 Cor. ii. 14]:—praise, prop. fame, reputation; heyra hróðr sinn, to hear one’s own praise, Fms. v. 174; bera hróðr e-s, 623. 36; hróðrs örverðr, unworthy of praise, Ad. 14, 15; njóta hróðrar, to enjoy one’s praise, Edda (in a verse); mun þinn hróðr (thy honour) ekki at meiri þó at ek mæla berara, Gísl. 16; hróðr varlega góðr, Fas. i. 267 (in a verse); ú-hróðr, disgrace.
2. esp. an encomium; göra hróðr of e-n, to compose a poem in one’s praise, Kormak; nemi hann háttu hróðrs míns, Edda (in a verse); hlýða hróðri sínum, to give ear to a song of praise, Sighvat. COMPDS (all from poems): hróðrar-gjarn, adj. willing to praise, of a poet, Rekst. 34. hróðr-auðigr, adj. rich in honour, famous, Sighvat. hróðr-barmr, m. the famous, fatal spray (the mistletoe), Vkv. 9. hróðr-barn, n. the glorious child, Lex. Poët. hróðr-deilir, m. a ‘praise-dealer,’ an encomiast, Gísl. …
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a. triumphant, glorious.
adj. [Ulf. hrôþeigs; A. S. hréðig], triumphant, Vkv. 18, Ls. 45: glorious, Gm. 19, Ad. 9, Lex. Poët.: as also in poët. compds, vin-h., al-h.: freq. in mod. usage in the sense of boasting, triumphant.
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m. the great, famous son, Hkr. i. 114 (in a verse).
n. shed (under which ships are built or kept).
n. [A. S. hrôf; Engl. roof; Dutch roef], a shed under which ships are built or kept, Ld. 34, 112, Grág. ii. 400, Landn. 30, Krók. 10 new Ed.; Þangbrands-hróf, Bs. i. 14; Stíganda-hróf, Fs. 28: in local names, Hróf-á, Hróf-berg (proncd. Hró-berg), Landn.
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n. scrapings; það er ekki nema hrófl, hann hefir hróflað því saman, of loose uncritical compilation.
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að, to scrape together.
2. dep. to get out of order, Sks. 385.
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að, to be dilapidated.
I)
(-s, -ar), m. rook (the bird).
II)
m. rook, castle (in chess).
m. [Ulf. hruk = crowing; A. S. hrôc; Engl. rook; O. H. G. hruoh]:—a rook, Edda (Gl.), Ht., Lex. Poët. passim. hróka-ræða, u, f. long-winded foolish talk, croaking; in the popular Icel. phrase, setja upp hrókaræðu, to set up long-winded talk, begin a ‘long yarn,’ which reminds one of the Goth. sense; um hann mælti Sæmundr bróðir Páls, at hann væri hrókr alls fagnaðar hvargi er hann væri staddr, referring to his conversation and cheerfulness in company, Bs. (Páls S.) i. 137.
β. a term of abuse, a croaker, scurra garrulus, Kormak, Orkn. (in a verse); heimskr hrókr, Fbr. (in a verse). 2. a pr. name, Fas.
II. [from the Indian roch = elephant’s castle, through the Engl.], the rook or castle in chess; skáka í hróks-valdi, to check in the guard of the rook; eiga sér hrók í horni. hróks-mát, n. checkmate with the rook, Mag.
n. slander, foul words.
n. [Ulf. hrôps = κραυγή; North. E. and Scot. roup, a public auction, from the calling out of the articles]:—cavilling, scurrility, Korm. 162, Fms. iii. 154; hróp ok háðung, Band. 31 new Ed.; hróp ok róg, Ls. 4; þú ert allra manna hróp (a laughing-stock) ok reklingr, MS. 4. 26.
2. [Germ. ruf], crying, screaming, mod.
COMPDS: hróplaust, hrópstunga, hrópyrði.
(að), v.
1) to slander, defame;
2) to shout (~ á e-n).
að, [Ulf. hrôpjan = κράζειν; A. S. hreôpan; Hel. hrôpan; Scot. roup or rope; O. H. G. hruofan; Germ. rufen; Dutch roepen; Dan. raabe]:—to slander, defame a person, Nj. 68, Eg. 62, Landn. 238, Stj. 192, Str. 15, Orkn. 120, Anal. 175, Ísl. ii. 238.
II. [Germ. rufen], to cry, call aloud, freq. in mod. usage.
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u, f. a ‘slander-tongue,’ foul mouth, Anal. 175.
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n. adj. without taunt, Str. 69.
n. pl. slander, calumny.
n. pl. scurrility, Fms. iii. 154, Gísl. 53.
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n. [Swed., Dan., and Ormul. ros], praise, freq. in mod. usage.
(að), v. to praise, with dat.;
~ sér, to boast;
~ sigri, to triumph.
að, [Old Engl. and Scot. roose; Dan. rose; Swed. rosa; Ormul. rosen]:—to praise, often with the notion to vaunt, boast, with dat., Vkv. 24, Hbl. 4, Nj. 147, Fms. vi. 239, Hkr. ii. 299, Sks. 229, 743; h. sér, to boast, Karl. 291, Gísl. 37; h. sigri, to triumph, Ann. 1340; með hrósanda sigri, triumphant, Sks. 631; því herfangi er þeir áttu opt at h., to boast of, Fms. x. 253; Saul hrósaði (boasted), at hann hefði vel gört, Sks. 702.
f. praise, boasting.
f. praise, boasting, Str. 74. N. T.
m. boaster.
a, m. a boaster, Karl. 165, 283.
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adj. praiseworthy.
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n. [Ulf. hrôt = στέγη, Matth. viii. 8, etc., = δωμα, ib. x. 27, Luke v. 19, xvii. 31]:—a roof, only in poetry; hjarta hrót, poët. the ‘heart’s-roof,’ the breast, Landn. (in a verse); hreggs hrót, the ‘gale’s-roof,’ the sky; leiptra hrót, the ‘lightning-roof,’ the sky; heims hrót, the ‘world’s-roof,’ the heaven, Lex. Poët. hrót-gandr, m. ‘roof-wolf,’ fire; or hrót-garmr, m. id., Lex. Poët.
2. the roof near the outer door is in mod. usage called rót, f.
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f. a challenging of neighbours, judges, Grág. i. 39, 127, 178, ii. 85 (Kb.)
f. rough surface, crust.
u, f. [hrjúfr], a crust, the rough surface of a stone.
β. the crust or scab of a boil or the like; h. á sári, N. G. L. i. 162, 305, Stj. 345, Bs. ii. 23.
(að), v. to scratch.
að, to scratch, Karl. 202, Mar.: reflex. to be scratched, of the skin, þar hefði hann hruflast og beinbrotnað, … eins hrufluðust hans áræðnu hendr á klettunum, Od. v. 426, 435.
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adj. rough, rugged to the touch, e. g. of a stone.
f. wrinkle.
u, f. [Engl. ruck, wrinkle; Dan. rynke; Swed. rynka; Lat. ruga]:—a wrinkle on the skin, but also of cloth, Barl. i. 174, Bs. i. 377, Thom. 518, Mar.: freq. in mod. usage, enga flekkan né hrukku, Ephes. v. 27.
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að, dep. to be wrinkled.
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adj. rugged, wrinkled, Lat. rugosus.
(að), v. to enfeeble, make infirm; ~ðr, infirm, worn by age.
ð, to enfeeble, make infirm; Þorvarði hrumði sárit, Lv. 86.
II. reflex. to become old and infirm, Fas. iii. 204 (in a verse).
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adj. infirm, worn by age, Sturl. i. 57, Al. 55, Fms. vii. 12 (v. l.)
a. infirm, decrepit, staggering (h. í göngu).
adj. infirm, staggering, esp. from age, Thom. 464; hrumr í göngu, Band. 28 new Ed.; stirðr ok h., Bs. i. 344; h. af vási, Fms. ii. 59; haltr ok h., Stj. 501; h. at fótum, Fms. vii. 12; h. af elli, Eg. 393, Pr. 194.
a. infirm.
adj. (-liga, adv.), infirm, Mork. 92, Fb. iii. 376.
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n. [hrynja], ruin, collapse.
2. = hraun, Skáld H. 2. 32.
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f. name of a Norse island; freq. used in poetry of women, bauga h., hringa h., Lex. Poët.
f. kicking, pushing.
f. [hrinda], kicking, pushing, Eg. 765, Vígl. 19.
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m. the name of a famous giant, Edda; prob. akin to A. S. hrung, Germ. runge, = pertica: a shield is called the pedestal of the giant H., from the tale told in Edda 56–59. Hrungnis-hjarta, n., see hjarta.
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a, m. [akin to Hrungnir?], a clown, brute; skal sjá við mik berjask hrunkinn, Glúm. 332.
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adj. (?); h. þefr, a bad smell, Sturl. i. 27 (in a verse).
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u, f. = hrynhenda.
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m. a breaker, Haustl. 11.
m. crust, scab on a sore.
m., gen. hrúðrs, a crust, scab on a sore, Bs. i. 182, freq.: crusty, of moss on rocks.
COMPDS: hrúðrkarl, hrúðrurt.
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að, to become crusted, of sores.
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m. crusted moss on rocks, Bb. 2. 13.
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f., botan. scabiosa, the scabious, Hjalt.
f. heap (liggja í hrúgu).
að, to heap, pile up, with dat.
f. heap (liggja í hrúgu).
u, f. [Shetl. rudge], a heap, Fs. 42, Stj. 628, Nj. 190, Glúm. 327, Fms. viii. 206, Fb. ii. 8; beina-h., Fas. i. 66; peninga-h., Mar.; fata-h., Grett. 151.
II. a nickname, Glúm., Orkn.
n. heap, mass.
n. a heap, mass, Fas. ii. 134.
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m. a nickname, Landn.
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n. the rubus ling.
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n., botan. rubus saxatilis, the stone-bramble.
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f. pasture for rams, Vm. 7.
(-s, -ar), m. ram.
m. a ram, Grág. i. 427, 502, 503, Grett. 148, Rd. 260, Fs. 25. Stj. 580, Pr. 478, Fms. xi. 149: the zodiacal sign, Rb. 1812. 17: spec. phrases, svá sem börn göra hrúta með fingrum sér, as children make rams with their fingers, i. e. by twisting their fingers into the shape of rams’ horns, Fms. v. 348, a child’s game still well known in Icel.; skera hrúta, to snore aloud (cp. hrjóta B), Stef. Ól.; so, ic hrúti = sterto in king Alfred’s Gr.
II. as a pr. name Hrútr; in local names, Hrúts-staðir, Hrúta-fjörðr, Hrút-ey, Landn.
COMPDS: hrútaber, hrútaberjalyng, Hrútfirðingr, hrútlamb, hrútmál, hrútsfall, hrútsgæra, hrútshorn, hrútahöfn, hrútshöfuð, hrútsmark, hrútsreyfi, hrútssvið.
n. a ram’s carcase.
n. a ram’s carcase, Stj. 483.
f. the skin and fleece of a ram.
u, f. the skin and fleece of a ram, Stj. 306.
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n. a ram’s horn.
n. a ram’s head.
n. a ram’s head, Rd. 260, 281.
n. the sign Aries.
(-merki, -líki), n. the sign Aries, Rb.
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n. a ram’s fleece, MS. 732.
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n. pl. a roasted ram’s head, the Scot. ‘singed head.’
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m. a man from Hrútafjörðr.
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n. a ram lamb, Jb. 294.
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n. and hrút-mánuðr, m. ‘ram months,’ the winter months, when sheep are at heat; frá vetrnóttum til hrútmáls, Vm. 7; in Edda 103 the ram month is the 3rd month of winter.
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a, m., dimin. from hrútr, a ramkin; hvað kemr til, hrússi minn, (κριε πέπον), að þú fer síðastr af fénu út úr hellinum, Od. ix. 447.
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u, f. [hroði], excretion, Edda ii. 430.
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u, f. [hroði and hrjóða II], rough weather, sleet, tempest; mörg er hryðja mótlætis um aldr, Stef. Ól.: medic. fits of coughing with excretion, of a sick person: metaph. an outrage, foul deed, hryðju-verk, n. a foul, brutal deed, Fas. iii. 445.
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hruddi, = ryðja, [cp. hrjóða], to clear; hryðja dóm, h. kvið, a law phrase, to challenge, Grág. ii. 85, 237 new Ed.
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n. [hrufa], a scab, Bs. i. 181, ii. 23.
m. mourning dress.
and hrygðar-búningr, m. a mourning dress, Stj. 500, 642.
m. day of sorrow.
m. a day of mourning and sorrow, Fms. vii. 157.
n. cause of sorrow.
n. matter, cause of sorrow, Bs. i. 301.
a. sorrowful, rueful.
adj. sorrowful, rueful, Fms. ii. 162.
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m. wailing, lamentation, Mar.
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m. a mourning dress, Stj. 173, 207.
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a, m. a mourning belt, Stj. 208.
n. token of sorrow.
n. a token of sorrow, Bs. i. 144.
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n. a sad case, Thom. 452.
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f. a cry of sorrow, Pass. 41. 9.
a. mournful.
adj. mournful, Mar.
m. mournful look.
m. a mournful look, 625. 96.
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m. a dirge, 625. 195.
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or hrygð, f. affliction, grief, sorrow, Fms. i. 135, vi. 61, 237, ix. 494 (v. l.), Johann. 97, N. T., Pass., Vídal. passim.
COMPDS: hrygðarbúnaðr, hrygðardagr, hrygðarefni, hrygðarfullr, hrygðargrátr, hrygðarklæðnaðr, hrygðarlindi, hrygðarmark, hrygðarmál, hrygðarraust, hrygðarsamligr, hrygðarsvipr, hrygðarsöngr.
a. mournful, sad.
adj. (-liga, adv.), mournful, sad, Fms. vi. 229, Sks. 227, Stj. 573, Róm. 239.
(-ða, -ðr), v.
1) to distress, grieve, with acc. (ekki ~ mik hót þín);
refl., ~st, to become sad or sorrowful;
2) to cause to look sad (h. andlit sitt).
ð, older form hryggva, hryggvir, Harms. 60; hryggvask, Pd. 36; hrvggvisk, Fms. ii. 42: [A. S. hreowan; Engl. rue]:—to distress, grieve, with acc., Post. 645. 82, Karl. 481, Fas. i. 178, Ísl. ii. 238: impers., Fms. iii. 164, Band. 12 new Ed., Thom. 456, passim.
II. reflex. to become grieved, Pd. 36, Fms. ii. 42, Sks. 225, N. T., Vídal., Pass., and in hymns; Mitt hjarta hvað svo hryggist þú?(= Warum betrübst du dich, mein herz?), Hólabók 208.
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m. a vertebra.
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n. a kind of duck (from a spot on the back), the sheldrake (?), Edda (Gl.): metaph. the name of an old Icel. historical work, Fms. vii. (Mork.)
I)
(-jar, -ir), m.
1) backbone, spine;
2) ridge, mountain-ridge.
II)
(acc. -van), a. afflicted, grieved, sad; er þér hryggt í hug, art thou heavy of heart?.
1. m., gen. hryggjar, pl. hryggir, [A. S. hrycg; Engl. rigg, ridge (but only in the metaph. sense); O. H. G. hrucki; Germ. rücken; Dan. ryg; Swed. rygg]:—the back, spine, vertebrae dorsi, in men and beasts, the spine of a fish being called dálkr, q. v.; and even used of serpents, orma-h., Vsp. 44, Fms. v. 157, vii. 208, Nj. 129, 155, Gþl. 459, Karl. 426, Bs. i. 354, ii. 167, Grett. 90, 112.
II. metaph. a ridge, Gísl. 34, Landn. 115; fjall-h., a mountain ridge; in local names, as Öldu-hryggr: the middle of a piece of stuff or cloth, opp. to jaðar (the edge); mæla (klæði) at hrygg eða jaðri, Grág. i. 498; hryggr bréfsins, the back of a letter, D. N. i. 593, v. 839: of an edge of a stud, Þiðr. 73.
COMPDS: hryggjarliðr, hryggjarstykki.
2. adj., old acc. hryggvan, with a characteristic v; compar. hryggri, Finnb. 224, and hryggvari; superl. hryggvastr: [A. S. hreowig; Engl. rueful]:—afflicted, grieved, distressed, Ls. 31, Gkv. 3. 1, Fms. ii. 290, v. 210, 239, ix. 500, Al. 56, Stj. 520, N. T., Pass., Vídal. passim.
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f. = hryggð, Mar.
n. strength of the back.
n. strength of the back, Fas. ii. 345, Greg. 22, MS. 655 xi. 2.
a. crook-backed.
adj. crook-backed, Mar. 1040.
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part. bowed, bent, Thom. 356.
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braut, to break the back.
pp. broken-backed.
part. broken-backed, Fms. x. 240, Greg. 48: metaph. an unhappy wooer is said to be hryggbrotin.
(að), v. to break one’s back.
að, to break one’s back, Bárð. 177.
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part. bowed, bent, Thom. 478.
pp. humpbacked.
part. humpbacked, Karl. 547.
m. = hrygð.
m. (-leiki), affliction, grief, sorrow, 623. 57, Fms. x. 357, 368, Sks. 228, Bs. i. 78.
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u, f. the back of a hide.
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adj. = hryggiligr, Al. 59, 60.
f. pl. loins.
f. pl. the loins, Fms. ii. 82, Eb. 109 new Ed.; in the Sdm. 1. 1, ‘hrælundir’ is no doubt a false reading for hrygglundir, the loins.
(-ta, -tr), v. to clasp the arms round another’s back.
u, f. a wrestling term, ‘back-spanning,’ clasping the arms round one another’s back, Fas. iii. 414.
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u, f. [Dan. rallen], medic. a rattling in the throat or bronchial tubes; hósti og h., a cough and h.; dauða-h., the death-rattle.
f. spawner.
u, f. [hrogn], a fish which has roe, Fas. ii. 112, Edda (Gl.)
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t, [hrollr], to shudder; mig hryllir við því, I shudder at it.
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f. horror.
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adj. (-lega, adv.), ghastly, horrible.
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ð, [hrumr], = hrumast, Pr. 409, Bs. ii. 155, Rb. 344, 346: hrymðr, part. infirm from age, Dropl. 15, Hrafn. 15.
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ð, = hruma, Hb. 28.
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m. name of an old giant, Vsp., the old, infirm (?).
(hryn, hrunda, hruninn), v.
1) to fall in, collapse, topple down (veggrinn hrynr, björgin ~);
2) to flow, stream (hrundu tárin á kinnr honum);
3) to fall loosely (klæðit hrundi ofan um hann); látum und hánum h. lukla, let the keys rattle down from his girdle;
4) h. á hæla e-m, to shut upon one’s heels.
pres. hryn, pret. hrundi, part. hrunit:—to fall to ruin, tumble down; björgin hrynja, Edda 41; veggrinn var hruninn (dilapidated), Fær. 111; veggrinn hrundi fyrir eldinum, Orkn. 350; hversu múrar hafa niðr hrunit, Karl. 130; grjót eða björg eða jörð hrynr, Skálda 169; þá munu þeir taka at segja fjöllunum, hrynið yfir oss, Luke xxiii. 30; og stjörnur himins hrundu á jörðina (better hröpuðu), Rev. vi. 13, cp. Matth. vii. 25, 27, where hrundi would be the right word, although féll is here used in the Icel. version.
II. metaph. to stream, float; of garments, jafnskjótt sem klæðit hrundi ofan um hann, Orkn. 182; látum und hánum hrynja lukla, Vkv. 16, 19: of fluids, to stream, pour down, ok er þeir vóru í brjósti hennar (of a wave), þá hrundi hón öll, Bs. i. 484; hrynja hafbárur, Fas. ii. 75 (in a verse): of blood, tears, water, hrynr blóðit ofan á kápu-skautið, Háv. 45; hvat berr nú þat við, faðir minn, at þér hrynja tár? Ld. 132, cp. the verse in Gísl. 2; sem regn það hraðast hrundi, himins í dimmu skúr (of rain), Pass. 23. 3: of floating hair, Edda ii. 500 (in a verse): of a song, hrynjandi háttr, a streaming, flowing metre, = hrynhenda, Edda (Ht. …
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a, m. (or f.?), a streamer fastened to a staff, Gísl. 103, 104, whereas the other Recension (20, 21) has hrímandi, which appears to be an error; see Mr. Dasent’s Gisli the Outlaw, p. 39.
f. a kind of metre (having lines with four stresses).
u, f. a kind of metre, the dróttkvæði (q. v.), containing eight syllables in each line instead of the usual six, Edda (Ht.) 62–64: name of poems composed in this metre, Fms. vi. 26.
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adj. composed in the metre hrynhenda, Edda (Ht.)
f. mare (cf. merhryssi).
1. u, f. [hross], a mare; and hryssi, n., in compds, mer-hryssi, ung-hryssi.
2. u, f. a mare; the word occurs in the Vitae Patrum (Unger).
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m. coarseness, brutality; see hreysingr.
m. snoring.
m. a ‘rowting,’ snoring, Fas. i. 232, Bs. ii. 230.
(-ða, -ðr), v. to heap together (h. hverjum ofan á annan).
ð, [hrúga], to heap together, Lat. cumulare, Karl. 259.
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m. pl. descendants of Hrútr (II), Landn.
(gen. pl. hræva), n.
1) dead body, carrion;
2) fragments (of a thing), scraps.
n., old dat. hrævi or hræfi, (spelt hreifi, Hkv. 2. 23), gen. pl. hræva (hræfa), Lex. Poët. passim: [Ulf. hraiv in hraiva-dubo = τρύγων, Luke ii. 24; A. S. hreaw; O. H. G. hreô]:—a dead body, carrion, Grág. ii. 88, Nj. 27, Bret. 68, Stj. 201, Sturl. i. 28, Fms. iv. 244: carrion, of a beast, x. 308, passim.
II. the wreck, fragments of a thing; Austmenn brutu þar skip sitt, ok görðu ór hrænum (the wreck) skip þat er þeir kölluðu Trékylli, Landn. 157: scraps or chips of trees or timber, þá á hann at höggva til þess er hann þarf at bæta þat, ok láta eptir hræ, Grág. ii. 295; þá eigu þeir at taka við af fjöru manns, ok bæta farkost sinn, ok láta liggja eptir hræ, 356; en ef hann vill bæta bús-búhluti sína, þá á hann at hafa við til þess, hvárt sem hann vill ór skógi eðr ór fjöru, ok láta eptir liggja hræ, 339; cp. hráviði and hrár viðr. This sense still remains in the mod. hræið! hræið mitt, hræ-tetrið, poor wretch! poor fellow! as also in hró, n. a mere wreck, ruin, an old dilapidated thing; skips-hró, kistu-hró, etc.; and metaph. hróið, poor thing! hón hefir aldrei verið heima, hróið! það getr aldrei orðið maðr úr henni, hróinu, Piltr og Stúlka 26. …
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a. afraid (við e-t, of), frightened (at); vera h. um, at, to fear, be afraid, that.
adj. (prop. a participle, like Old Engl. adred), afraid, frightened, timid, Nj. 105, Sd. 144, Fms. vi. 118; manna hræddastr, i. 216; h. við e-t, frightened at a thing, Nj. 205; vera h. um e-t, to fear, be alarmed about a thing, Fms. vii. 156, x. 18: it seems to be used as a subst. in Al. 32, Fas. ii. 531; ú-hræddr, fearless.
(-dda, -ddr), v. to frighten;
refl., ~st e-t or við e-t, to be afraid of, to fear, dread.
d, [Engl. dread], to frighten, with acc., Fms. iii. 48, vi. 147, Ó. H. 119, passim.
II. reflex. hræðask, to be afraid of, to dread, fear, with acc.; h. e-n, to fear one, Nj. 57, Fms. ix. 242; h. Guð, to fear God, Post. 656 C. 4; hræðumk ekki hót þín, Skv. 2. 9: with prep., h. við e-t, Fms. x. 358, Sæm. 131 (prose); hræðumk ek við reiði Óðins, Sighvat; h. fyrir e-m, Bær. 2: with infin. not to dare, hræðask at ljúga, 656 A. ii. 16; h. at gjalda, Fms. viii. 252.
a. timid.
adj. timid, Fms. vi. 155.
adv. dreadfully, fearfully.
adv. dreadfully, fearfully, Fms. i. 202, Fb. i. 417.
a. dreadful, fearful.
adj. dreadful, fearful, terrible, Fms. i. 138, ix. 489, Ísl. ii. 418, Stj. 22, 477, Al. 37.
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or hræzla, u, f. dread, fear, Nj. 142, Eg. 41, Sturl. ii. 5, passim.
COMPDS: hræðslufullr, hræðslulauss.
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adj. in great fear, Sól.
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adj. fearless.
(-ða, -t), v., h. um e-t, to bear with, tolerate; má ekki um þat h. lengr, it is no longer tolerable.
ð, (hreifa, Fas. i. 220, Fms. xi. 90), to tolerate, bear with; in the phrase, h. um e-t, menn þóttusk trautt mega um h. hans skaplyndi ok ofsa, Fms. xi. 90; ok mátti um h. meðan Högni lifði, Fas. i. 220, Am. 67; ok má ekki um þat hræfa lengr, it is no longer tolerable, Fs. 31.
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adj. cadaverous, Ýt. 15.
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f. spitting, Hom.
(-ta, -tr), v. to spit; h. e-u út, to spit out.
t, [hráki], to hawk, spit, Bs. i. 347, Fb. i. 330, Stj. 325, Róm. 740, Laudn. 247; h. út, to spit out, N. G. L. i. 11, Mark vii. 33; h. á e-n, to spit on one, Matth. xxvii. 30.
(að), v. to beat the loom with a weaver’s rod (hræll).
að, older ræla, to beat a loom with a weaver’s rod; hún hrælaði vefinn með gullhræl, Od. v. 62, hrælaðr örum, Darr.; h. dún, to shake eider-down on a frame to cleanse it.
m. weaver’s rod, slay.
m., but ræll seems the true form, the h being spurious, [cp. A. S. reol; Engl. reel, = Gr. κερκίς, Od. v. 62]:—a weaver’s rod or sley, Nj. 275; dún-hræll, a stick to clean eider-down.
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adj. (-liga, adv.), hideous, disgraceful.
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t, [hróp], to libel, defame, with acc., Niðrst. 6; h. Guð, to blaspheme, Mar. (655 xi. B. i); hrœpir hann Heimdl, Frump. (pref.)
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ð, i. e. hrœra: [A. S. hrêran; Engl. rear; O. H. G. hruorian; Germ. rühren; Dan. röre; Swed. röra]:—to move:
I. with acc., Hým. 33; h. herbúðir sínar, Stj.; þeir fluttu burt þá er hrærandi vóru, Fms. v. 97; þær gátu öngan múga hrært, Fb. i. 522; ef vér hrærum hann, ii. 129; h. tungu, to move the tongue, Stor. 1; Guð hrærir alla stjórn hugar þeirra, Sks. 479.
II. to stir, so as to mix; hrærðu allt saman mold ok silfr, Fms. iv. 298 (Hkr. ii. 220): to stir with a ladle in cooking, hræra í katlinum, Eb. 70 new Ed.; h. í pottinum, h. í graut, súpu, to stir in the kettle, to stir the porridge, broth, etc.; vindr hrærir stór höf, Edda: metaph. to stir in a matter, Bs. ii. 115, Róm. 257; also, h. um e-t, Þorst. Síðu H. 6; h. e-t, id., Karl. 187, Bs. ii. 35; h. við e-u, to touch a thing, Þiðr. 165.
III. reflex. to stir, move oneself; þá hrærisk heinin í höfði Þór, Edda; því at ek ætla héðan hvergi at hrærask hvárt sem mér angrar reykr eðr bruni, Nj. 201; þau sjálf megu hvergi hrærask ór stað nema þau sé af öðrum borin eðr dregin, Fms. …
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m. pl. [Ivar Aasen röyr; cp. Lat. crus], the groin, reins; hröra (acc.), Edda (Lauf.); hann hafði steinsótt, ok lá steinninn í hrærunum, sá er stemdi þurftina, Bs. i. 310; kom spjótið upp í hrærana, ok renndi ofan í lærit, Sturl. iii. 14.
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f. motion, stir, Edda 52, Bs. ii. 159; h. líkamans, Greg. 72; h. hafsins, Rb. 438; sjóvar h., Sks. 51; h. tungls, 438; bíðandi eptir vatnsins hræringu, John v. 3 (= Gr. κίνησις).
II. metaph. emotion; girndir ok hræringar, Stj. 35; úleyfðar hræringar, Magn. 468; af sjálfra sinna hræringum, of their own impulse, H. E. ii. 75; geðs hræringar, emotions.
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m. ‘stirabout,’ cp. hrærigrautr.
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m. a mess of porridge, the Scot. ‘stirabout.’
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mod. hræran-ligr, adj. movable; ú-hræriligr, immovable, Skálda 173, 204, Stj. 18.
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= ræsa, Post. 288.
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adj. boasting, vaunting, Sighvat, Hm. 6.
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u, f., in the phrase, færa e-t á hræsibrekku, to expose to scorn and ridicule; see rækibrekka.
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að, to feign; h. fyrir e-m, to act hypocritically before one.
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a, m. a hypocrite, Matth. vi. 2, 5, 16, vii. 5, etc., Pass., Vídal.
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f. [hrós], vanity, self-esteem, self-glorification, Stj. 644; sjálfhól ok h., Fms. ii. 267, Bs. ii. 16, Barl. 51, Róm. 267; göra e-t til hræsni, Fs. 88; fyrir tíma h., ‘pro vanâ humanae laudis jactantiâ,’ Hom. 22; always so in old writers, but at the time of the Reformation it assumed the sense of
II. hypocrisy (ὑπόκρισις of the N. T.), and is constantly with its compds used so in the N. T., Vídal., Pass., etc.
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m. = hrælog.
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f. a smell as of carrion. In poetry blood is called
m. carrion-smell; stench of dead bodies.
-þefr, m. a smell as of carrion, Fms. viii. 230, x. 213.
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m., poët. a sword, Edda (Gl.)
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a, m. deadly cold, Gg. 12.
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part. [hræ II], crushed; hræbarnar hlimar, felled saplings, Stor. 2.
a. gory.
adj. bloody, Akv. 36.
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n. a carrion beast, N. G. L. i. 80.
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a, m. = hrælog, Mork. 142 (in a verse).
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m. a carrion bird, fowl, bird of prey, Stj. 464, Bret. 68, (raven, vulture, etc.)
n. ‘carrion beast’, wolf.
n. = hrædýri, Lex. Poët.
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f. the claw of a hræfugl, K. Þ. K. 132.
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n. (hræ-kind, f.), a carrion beast, K. Þ. K. 132, Fas. iii. 265, Stj. 582.
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m. a pile of slain, Fms. vi. (in a verse).
m. the light from decomposing matter.
a, m. = hrælog, Bs. ii. 109.
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n. = hrælog, Sturl. iii. 215.
n. the light from decomposing matter.
n. a ‘carrion-lowe,’ the light which gleams round decomposing matter, hrælog brunnu af spjótum þeirra, svá at af lýsti, Sturl. ii. 50: mod. hrævar-eldr.
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m. carrion swallower, name of a giant, Edda, Vþm.
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f. [from hraðr], a hurry, precipitation, Eluc.
I)
(hrøkk; hrökk, hrukkum; hrokkinn), v.
1) to fall back, recoil, be repelled;
~ frá, to shrink back;
~ fyrir e-m, to give way before one (gekk konungr svá hart fram, at allt hrökk fyrir honum);
~ undan, to give way, draw back, retreat (hrukku Baglar þá undan);
~ við, to stand at bay, make a stand (verðr Sigvaldi nú við at ~);
2) to curl, of hair (hann hafði gult hár, ok hrökk mjök);
3) to suffice.
II)
(-ta, -tr), v.
1) ~ e-u um e-t, to lash (switch) with a thing;
beit eigi heldr á en tálknskíði (a piece of whalebone) væri hrøkt um;
2) to spur or whip a horse (eptir þat hrøkti hann hestinn);
3) refl., ~st, to coil, wriggle, of a snake (undan honum hrøktist ein naðra at Oddi);
~st aptr, to turn back (G. reið síðastr ok skyldi geyma, at engir hrøktist aptr).
ð and t, causal of the last verb, to drive back, beat, whip; ok beit eigi heldr á enn tálknskíði væri hrökt um, than if it had been beaten with a reed, Fas. ii. 534, 556: to spur or whip a horse, eptir þat hrökti hann hestinn, Sturl. iii. 50; þá hrökði Þórðr hestinn undir sér ok kvað þetta við raust, 317; Eldgrímr vill nú skilja ok hrökkr hestinn, Ld. 150; þeir hrökkva hann síðan brott, they whipped him off, Mar.
II. reflex. to fall back; hann skyldi geyma at engir hreykðisk aptr, that none should lag behind, Sturl. ii. 211; þeir hröktusk (staggered to and fro) þar í lengi dags, Grett. 147 new Ed.
2. esp. to coil, wriggle, of the movement of a snake; ormr hrökvisk (hrøquesc) ok es háll, Eluc. 28, Stj. 96; undan honum hrökðisk ein naðra at Oddi, Fas. ii. 300; ormrinn vildi eigi inn í munninn ok hrökðisk frá í brott, Fms. ii. 179; gengu menn eptir orminum þar til er hann hrökðisk í jörð niðr, vi. 297; þá skreið hann í munn honum ok hrækðiz þegar niðr í kviðinn, x. 325; hrökkvisk hann um hans fótleggi, Stj. 96, cp. hrökkvi-áll.
I)
(hrøkk; hrökk, hrukkum; hrokkinn), v.
1) to fall back, recoil, be repelled;
~ frá, to shrink back;
~ fyrir e-m, to give way before one (gekk konungr svá hart fram, at allt hrökk fyrir honum);
~ undan, to give way, draw back, retreat (hrukku Baglar þá undan);
~ við, to stand at bay, make a stand (verðr Sigvaldi nú við at ~);
2) to curl, of hair (hann hafði gult hár, ok hrökk mjök);
3) to suffice.
II)
(-ta, -tr), v.
1) ~ e-u um e-t, to lash (switch) with a thing;
beit eigi heldr á en tálknskíði (a piece of whalebone) væri hrøkt um;
2) to spur or whip a horse (eptir þat hrøkti hann hestinn);
3) refl., ~st, to coil, wriggle, of a snake (undan honum hrøktist ein naðra at Oddi);
~st aptr, to turn back (G. reið síðastr ok skyldi geyma, at engir hrøktist aptr).
(also spelt hreyqua), pret. hrökk, pl. hrukku; pres. hrekk or hrökk, pl. hrökkva; subj. hrykki or hreykki; part. hrokkinn; with neg. suff. hrökkvat, Km. 23:—to fall back, recoil, be repelled, with the notion of a shrinking or reeling motion; Jarl hrökk ofan á Barðann, Fms. ii. 324; Hallvarðr hafði hrokkit fram ór lyptingunni ok á mitt skipit, viii. 388: with prep., þá gerðu þeir hríð ena þriðju ok vóru við lengi, eptir þat hrukku þeir frá, Nj. 115; kappa tvá þá er flestir urðu frá at hrökkva, Fms. v. 162: h. fyrir, to give way to a shock; gékk konungr svá hart fram, at allt hrökk fyrir honum, i. 45; ok sýndisk þegar sú fylking h. fyrir, viii. 14; ok svá ryðjask þeir nú um at allt hrökkr liðit fyrir, xi. 132: h. til, to suffice, cp. Dan. slaa til, of means, money: h. undan (to draw back) hrukku Baglar þá undan, ix. 30: h. við, to face, stand at bay; þetta einvígi er engi hafði þort við að h., Art. 19; ok verðr Sigvaldi nú við at h., xi. 95; ok muntú ekki annat mega en h. við, Nj. 90: to start up, from fear: h. upp, to be thrown open, of a door; to start up from sleep, h. upp með andfælum.
2. metaph., nær þótti hvert tré h. …
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m. a giant, Edda (Gl.)
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m. a wriggling eel, poët. for a snake, Bragi: hrökkvi-skafl, m., poët. = brák (q. v.), a tanner’s tool, Fms. vi. (in a verse): hrökkvi-vöndr, m. a whip, Lex. Poët.
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að, to reel, Mag. 158, freq.: used also of a snake.
(gen. hrannar, pl. hrannir), f. wave; dat. pl., ~um, in heaps (drepr hann hirðmenn konungs niðr ~um).
f., gen. hrannar, pl. hrannir, a wave, esp. used in poetry, Stor. 6, Hkv. 1. 26, passim: a ship is called hrann-blakkr, -valr, the steed, hawk of the wave, (also hranna elgr, hranna hrafn, the elk, raven of the wave); gold is called hrann-blik, -eldr, wave-fire, Lex. Poët.: hrann-garðr, m. a wall of waves, id.
II. in prose, old and esp. mod., hrannir, f. pl. the heaps or swathes of seaweed and shells along the beach; hræs hrannir, heaps of slain, Edda (Ht.)
2. dat. pl. hrönnum, adverb. in heaps, Lat. catervatim, = unnvörpum, drepr hann hirðmenn konungs hrönnum niðr, Fas. i. 105.
III. one of the northern Nereids was called Hrönn, Edda.
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spelt hreyr and reyr, n. [A. S. hryre = ruina], a corpse, Lat. cadaver, Gkv. 1. 5, 11; köglar frænda hrörs, Stor. 4; sækja um hrör, Grág. ii. 141; ekki skulu þér taka á hrörum þeirra, því at þau kvikendi eru úhrein, Levit. xi. 8; alla fugla þá er fjóra fætr hafa, skal ekki eta, ok hvergi maðr er tekr á hrörum (not hræjum) þeirra, þá saurgask hann, Stj. 316. Levit. xi. 20.
II. metaph. an old decayed thing, a ruin, wreck, a fallen tomb, akin to hreysi (q. v.), the h being borne out by alliteration in Ýt. 19; Yngva hrör, 6; Dyggva hrör, 7; fylkis hrör, Ht. (Yngl. S. ch. 26); as also Ýt. 19, where the sense is that the king was buried in the avalanche of stones,—horfinn foldar beinum Högna hrörs: in local names, Tryggva-hreyr, Hkr. i. 178.
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ð, = hrörna (?); fár er hvatr er hrraz tekr, ef í barnæsku er blauðr, Fm. 6, a saying.
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að, to fall into decay, of buildings or the like, K. Þ. K. 54, Fms. iii. 147, xi. 311, Eb. 6 new Ed.; heimr hrörnar, Hom.; þótt landit hrörni, Landn. 168, v. l.: to wither, tré hrörnar, Sks. 144, 665 6 A. ii. 11; hrörnar blóm, Eluc.; hrörnar þöll, Hm. 49; eigi losnuðu hans tennr né hrörnuðu, Stj. 348.
2. to become infirm, worn out by age; önd vár hrörnar, Stj. 332; mér gömlum karli, hrörnanda á hverjum degi, Sks. 730; mannsaldrar vóru þá meiri en nú, ok hrörnuðu menn seinna, Mag. 89.
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f. decay, dilapidation, Pm. 33.
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adj. ‘corpse-like,’ ruinous, dilapidated, Fms. iv. 93 (of houses): of men, infirm, worn by age.
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or hú, interj. ho! Sks. 304, 365.
(að), v.
1) to excogitate, think out (hugat hefi ek mér ráð);
2) h. e-m e-t, to think of, intend, for one (verk hefi ek hugat þér);
3) h. at e-u, to attend to, look after (þá var at hugat sárum Kormaks); h. um e-t, to be concerned about; h. fyrir e-u, to provide for.
að, or better hugði, (as from hyggja, q. v.), to mind, Lat. excogitare, to make out, think out; ráðit er nú hugat, Fms. xi. 21; hugat hefi ek mér ráð, Gísl. 15; Fátt er of vandlega hugat, a saying.
2. huga e-m e-t, to keep in store for one; verk hefi ek hugat þér, Nj. 53, Róm. 211; hverjar föðurbætr hann hefir hugat Hákoni konungi, Fms. vii. 261.
3. with prepp.; e-m er umhugat um e-t, one is concerned about; mér mun mest um hugat, Ísl. ii. 150; allt skulda-lið hans þat er honum var mest um hugat, Al. 21; svá at eigi þurfi um at huga félát, Vápn. 30; huga at e-u (see athuga, athugi), to attend to, look after; þá var at hugat sárum Kormaks, Korm. 244, Fms. vi. 137; ef rétt er at hugt, if it is rightly considered, Al. 86; huga fyrir e-u, to provide for, Fms. vi. 127; í-huga, at-huga, to consider.
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adv. amiably, lovingly, Bs. ii. 49.
a.
1) courageous, bold;
2) h. e-m vel (lítt), well (ill) disposed towards one;
3) e-m er mest um e-t hugat, one has most at heart (Hafliði kvað þat sýnt, at henni var mest um hann hugat).
adj. minded, disposed, Stor. 14; vera e-m vel h., Fms. x. 267; görðisk þá fólkit honum lítt hugat, 264, Þiðr. 311.
2. bold, stout-hearted, Nj. 164; h. vel, Bs. i. 36, Lv. 38, freq.
a. engaging, amiable.
adj. engaging, amiable; h. ok veglátr, O. H. L. 22, Fms. vii. 321, x. 152, v. l.; h. ok þokkasæll, ix. 246, v. l.
adv. amiably, lovingly.
adv. attentively; heyra h., Hom. 86: boldly, Fms. vi. 141.
adv. carefully.
adv. kindly, Stj. 6: carefully, Fas. i. 363.
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adj. devout; h. bæn, devout prayer, Greg. 49.
a. gentle, engaging.
adj. gentle, engaging, Fms. viii. 447.
a. mindful, thoughtful.
adj. mindful, attentive, Hm. 14: kind, charitable, Skálda 163; and so in mod. usage, hugull = attentive to the wants and wishes of another; gör-h., Band. 4: neut. hugalt, carefully, Fas. i. 8.
COMPDS: hugulsamr, hugulsemi.
f. care, concern (konungr bar hér mikla ~ fyrir).
f, a minding; hafa h. fyrir e-u, Fms. xi. 238: attention, Rd. 280.
n. heart’s grief.
n. heart’s grief, Þjal. 11.
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m. bitterness of mind, Stj. 290.
f. comfort.
f. comfort, Dropl. 11.
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m. fancy,
m. heart-ache, distress of mind.
a, m. distress of mind, Fas. i. 171, iii. 81.
n. disposition, frame of mind.
n. state of mind, esp. in a moral sense, Bs. i. 317, 716, ii. 33, Thom. 40, N. T., Vídal.
f. desire.
f. desire, Magn. 468.
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adj. mean, narrow-minded, Fbr. (in a verse).
a. kind of heart.
adj. good of heart, kind, Sks. 437.
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f. emotions, Bs. i. 703.
n. estrangement.
n. frowardness of mind, Barl. 4.
m. strength of mind.
m. strength of mind, Stj. 173.
adv. amiably, gently.
adv. = hugaðlátliga.
f. disposition of mind, fancy.
f. fancy, disposition of mind; eptir sinni h., after one’s own fancy, Sks. 339, Stj. 451, Barl. 25, Fms. vi. 109; göra sér e-t í hugarlund, to fancy, imagine, freq.
m. fright, anxiety.
a, m. fright, terror, Fms. vi. 353.
f. wandering of mind.
-ruglan, -ruplan, f. wandering of mind, insanity, Al. 55, Pr. 467, Stj. 121, 256.
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f. wisdom, Hsm. 33. 3.
m. strength of mind.
m., hugar-styrkt, f. strength of mind, Stj. 132.
n. anguish of mind.
n. hypochondria, despair, Bs. i. 366, 368, 644. See válað.
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n. = hugarválaðr.
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n. fury, Stj. 344.
f., only in compds., hugðar-.
f. and hugða, u, f. [A. S. hyð and hygð; Engl. heed]:—love, interest, affection; leggja hugðu til e-s, to take interest in, feel love for one, Fms. vi. 280; at konungr leggr enga hugðu til hests síns, he heeded it not, Bs. i. 633; mæla, ræða af hugðu, to speak from one’s heart, Bjarn. 40, 58.
COMPDS: hugðarerendi, hugðarmál, hugðumaðr.
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n. = hugðarmál, Skálda 173.
n. = hugðarerindi.
n. matters which one has at heart, Ísl. ii. 98.
m. = hugðar-maðr.
m. (hugðar-maðr), an intimate friend, Bs. i. 175; frændr ok hugðar-menn, Fms. viii. 103, 231, ix. 525, Bs. ii. 156.
(að), v. to comfort, console;
refl., ~st, to be comforted.
að, to comfort, with acc., Bs. i. 238, 318, ii. 149, Fms. v. 239, vi. 234, x. 367, Greg. 22: to soothe one crying or weeping, esp. hugga barnið; óhuggandi, crying bitterly: reflex. to be comforted, Fs. 38, Ld. 286, Fas. i. 205, Hom. 49, Hkv. 2. 27, N. T., Pass., Vídal. passim.
f. comfort, consolation.
f. comfort, consolation, 623. 13, 52, Eb. 44 new Ed., Fms. iii. 173, v. 241, vi. 234, 371, Sks. 106, freq.
COMPDS: huggunarlauss, huggunarorð, huggunarsýn, huggunarván.
m. comforter.
a, m. a comforter, Stj. 511.
m. comforter.
a, m. a comforter, 656 C. 42, Barl. 181, Th. 77, Stj. 30: eccl. = Παράκλητος, the Holy Ghost, Sks. 132, N. T., Pass., Hólabók, Vídal.
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adj. ‘comfort-less,’ 623. 56.
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n. a word of comfort, Stj. 195, Greg. 39.
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f. a comforting sight, Post.
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f. hope of comfort, Fms. vi. 234.
m. mind (= hugr); illum huga, with evil mind, ill, badly; hafa e-t í huga, to have in one’s mind, to think of; leiða e-t huga, to consider.
a, m. = hugr, Hbl. 21, Edda 24, Glúm. 323, Hkr. ii. 243, Stj. 5, and passim, the weak and strong forms being used almost indiscriminately both in old and mod. usage, as also in the compds, huga-góðr, huga-fullr, = hug-góðr, hug-fullr, q. v.; á-hugi, zeal; var-hugi, caution; at-hugi, attention.
II. a pr. name, Fms.; cp. mid. Lat. Hugo, Engl. Hugh.
m. the wise raven of Odin.
m. the wise raven of Odin, Gm., Edda.
(að), v. to please; e-m ~r e-t, one is pleased, satisfied with a thing; impers., mér ~r vel (illa) við e-n, I am pleased (displeased) with one;
refl., ~st = ~.
að, to please; e-m hugnar e-t, something pleases one, one likes it, is pleased, satisfied with it; h. vel, ílla, Eg. 395, Lv. 34, Fs. 27, 138, 152, Fas. i. 220, Glúm. 355, 365, Orkn. 14, Korm. 154, Ld. 328, Band. 7 new Ed.: reflex., e-m hugnask e-t, id., Ld. 50, Ó. H. 43, Eg. 96 (v. l.), Sturl. i. 24, Str. 19.
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f. a pleasing, comforting, Háv. 57.
(-ar, -ir), m.
1) mind;
í hug eða verki, in mind or act;
vera í hug e-m, to be in one’s mind;
koma e-m í hug, to come into one’s mind, occur to one;
leiða e-t hugum, to consider;
ganga (líða, hverfa) e-m ór hug, to pass out of one’s memory, to be forgotten;
snúa hug sínum eptir (at, frá) e-u, to turn one’s mind after (to, from);
mæla um hug sér, to feign, dissemble;
orka tveggja huga um e-t, to be of two minds about a thing;
orkast hugar á e-t, to resolve;
ef þér lér nökkut tveggja huga um þetta, if thou be of two minds about the matter;
2) mood, heart, temper, feeling;
góðr ~, kind heart;
illr ~, ill temper, spite;
heill ~, sincerity;
reynast hugi við, to make close acquaintance;
hugir þeirra fóru saman, they loved each other;
3) desire, wish;
leggja hug á e-t, to lay to heart, take interest in;
leggja lítinn hug á e-t, to mind little, neglect;
leggja hug á konu, to fall in love with a woman;
mér leikr ~ á e-u, I long (wish) for a thing;
e-m rennr ~ til e-s, to have affection for one;
mér er engi ~ á at selja hann, I have no mind to sell him; …
m., gen. hugar, dat. hugi and hug, pl. hugir; an older form hogr occurs in very old MSS., e. g. hog-gði, 655 xxv. 2, and still remains in the compds hog-vrr etc., see p. 280: [Ulf. hugs = νους, but only once, in Ephes. iv. 17, whereas he usually renders νους etc. by other words, as fraþi, aha, muns; A. S. hyge; Hel. hugi; O. H. G. hugu; Dan. hu; Swed. håg; hyggja, hugga, hyggð, -úð (q. v.) are all kindred words and point to a double final]:—mind, with the notion of thought, answering to Germ. gedanke; hugr er býr hjarta nær, Hm. 94; engi hugr má hyggja, Fms. v. 241; enn er eptir efi í hug mínum, 623. 26; í hug eða verki, in mind or act, Fms. vi. 9; koma e-m í hug, to come into one’s mind, to bethink one, iv. 117, Fb. ii. 120, 325; vera í hug e-m, to be in one’s mind; þat mun þér ekki í hug, thou art not in earnest, Nj. 46, Fms. iv. 143; hafa e-t í hug, to have a thing in mind, intend; renna hug sínum, to run in one’s mind, consider, vii. 19; renna hug or hugum til e-s, Hom. 114; koma hug á e-t, to call to mind, remember, 623. 16; leiða e-t hugum, to consider, Sks. …
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(að), v. to think, think upon; ~t hefi ek kostinn, I have thought over the terms; ~ eptir um e-t, to consider; h. e-t fyrir sér, to ponder over, reflect upon; h. um e-t, to think about; h. sik um e-t, to take counsel with oneself about a thing, consider.
að, [early Dan. hugse, mod. huske = to remember; for the mod. Dan. tænke and also Icel. þenkja were borrowed from the German, and do not occur until the time of the Reformation]:—to think:
I. absol. to think; því hefir oss þat gefit verit at hugsa, Dipl. ii. 14; þó at eigi megi auga sjá eðr eyra heyra né engi manns hugr hugsa, hversu …, Fms. i. 229; h. til Guðs, Stj. 138; þeir hugsuðu hví þat mundi gegna, Edda (pref.); ek vissa hvat Símon hugsaði, Post. 656 C. 28.
II. with acc. to think out, Lat. excogitare; ek mun hugsa yðr konung, Stj. 441; hugsaðu vandliga hvar hann liggr, 424; hugsat hefi ek kostinn, Nj. 3: to intend, þér hugsuðut mér íllt, Stj. 239; sagði at hann hafi þat helzt hugsat, Fms. i. 83: h. sik, to bethink oneself, ii. 133, Karl. 15, Bs. ii. 121.
2. with prepp.; h. sik um e-t, to take counsel with oneself (um-hugsan); h. sik fyrir, to have forethought, ponder over, Fms. xi. 442; h. fyrir sér, to ponder over, vii. 88, 289; h. um e-t, to think about a thing, Stj. 423, passim; h. eptir um e-t, Fms. x. 6.
III. reflex. …
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f.
1) thought, thinking; bera h. fyrir e-u, to ponder over;
2) opinion (hér em ek í annari h.).
f. thought, thinking, Sturl. iii. 242 (opinion), Fms. i. 185, Al. 163; bera h. fyrir e-u, Sturl. i. 206; h. ok ætlun, 656 A. i. 31, N. T., Pass., Vídal., very freq.
COMPDS: hugsunaraugu, hugsunarlauss, hugsunarleysi.
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part. gerund, conceivable, possible; ú-hugsandi, impossible.
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adj. attentive, Sks. 6: conceivable, Lat. cogitabilis, (mod.)
a. indecl. thoughtful, meditative, absent-minded (hann fór jafnan sem h. væri).
adj. ind. thoughtful, meditative; sem hann væri hugsi, Bjarn. 40; Gestr sitr nú hugsi um sitt mál, Ísl. ii. 294; fámálugr ok nokkut hugsi, 156; um slíkt liggr hann hugsi, Al. 15, 70; hann fór jafnan sem hugsi væri, as vacant, wandering, Bs. i. 170.
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n. ‘eyes of thinking,’ intellect, Skálda 160; umhugsan, meditation.
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adj. thoughtless.
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n. thoughtlessness.
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n. the name of a didactic poem.
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adj. charitable in small things.
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f. charitableness.
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m. a man of genius, esp. of an artist, mechanic, or the like.
f. heartfelt affection; unna ~um, to love with all one’s heart.
f., in the phrase, unna hugástum, to love with all one’s heart, Hkr. iii. 194, passim.
a. cowardly.
adj. timid, Hbl. 49, Km.
f. cowardice.
f. cowardice, Hbl. 26.
a. gentle of mind.
adj. merciful, Bs. i. (in a verse).
n. foreboding, anticipation, fancy (þat er nær mínu ~i, at).
n. foreboding, fancy, Fs. 18, 64, Eg. 82, Nj. 212, Fær. 202, Fms. viii. 118, Fb. ii. 38, passim.
pp. n., hafa e-t ~, to intend.
n. part. what bodes one, Rd. 308.
n. courage.
n. courage, metaph. from a ship, Fms. vii. 143, Lex. Poët.
f. the breast (poet.).
f., poët. the breast, Lex. Poët.
f. comfort.
f. comfort, mind’s release, Hom. 104, Stj. 466.
a. fickle, false (við e-n).
adj. fickle, Hm. 101.
f. courage.
f. courage, Karl. 161.
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f. id., Karl. 346.
a. courageous, stout-hearted.
adj. stout-hearted, Bs. i. 38, Karl. 312.
a. steadfast.
adj. steadfast, Mar.
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féllsk, dep., láta h., to lose heart, despair.
adv. steadfastly.
adv. steadfastly, Str. 20.
a. steadfast, fixed in one’s mind; e-m er e-t hugfast, one is bent on.
adj. steadfast, El. 24.
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adj. gloomy, Fms. v. 169.
a. agreeable.
adj. agreeable, Barl. 49, 95.
(-sta, -str), v.
1) to fix in one’s mind;
2) to make up one’s mind about.
t, to fix in one’s mind, Ld. 88, Sks. 237, Orkn. 54, Fms. i. 133: reflex., Fb. ii. 88.
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hug-frói, a, m. the mind’s ease, relief.
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f. the mind’s ease, relief.
a. full of courage.
adj. full of courage, Hým. 8, Fms. xi. 270, Mart. 107.
a. kind-hearted, cheerful.
adj. kind-hearted, merciful, O. H. L. 30, Fms. ii. 94, Bs. i. 166: cheerful, Sks. 446.
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n., fem. in Bs. i. 561, ii. 76; goodness of heart, mercy, 655 xxv. 2, Bs. i. 174, ii. 149, Stj. 155, Fms. v. 326, Þórð. 28 new Ed., Fagrsk. 29.
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adj. strong of mind, of good cheer, N. T. freq.
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t, to comfort one, cheer one’s heart.
f. courage.
f. a being of good comfort, Pr. 454, El. 5, Fas. i. 159.
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adj. sorrowful, Str. 42.
n. change of mind; telja e-m ~, to persuade one to change his mind.
n. change of mind; telja e-m hughvörf, to persuade a person to change his conviction, Fas. i. 530, Ld. 306.
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adj., e-m er hughægt, easing one’s mind, Glúm. 348, Bs. i. 358, Fas. ii. 91.
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f. a ‘coming to one’s mind,’ ingenuity, Hom. (St.)