I)
(heit; hét, hétum; heitinn), v.
1) to call give a name to;
Grímni mik hétu, they called me G.;
heitinn eptir e-m, called (named) after one;
2) to call on one;
~ e-n á brott, to call on one to be gone, bid one go (heitit mik héðan);
~ á e-n, to exhort one (in battle);
to invoke (~ á hinn heilaga Ólaf);
~ á e-n til e-s, to invoke (appeal to) one for a thing (hann hét á Þór til fulltings);
3) intrans., the pres. ‘heiti’ (not ‘heit’), to be hight, be called;
Óðinn ek, nú heiti, now I am called Odin;
Ólafr heiti ek, my name is O.;
Úlfr hét maðr, there was a man, whose name was U.;
bœr heitir á Bakka (at búrfelli), there is a farm called B.;
~ (to be reckoned) frjáls maðr, hvers manns níðingr;
4) with dat. to promise (~ e-m e-u);
mantu, hverju þú hézt mér, do you remember what you promised me?
~ e-m hörðu, to threaten one;
Bárði var heitit meyjunni, the maid was promised to B.;
5) refl., ~st, to vow, plight one’s faith (þeir hétust reka Hákon ór landi);
~st e-m, to vow one’s person to one (~st hinum heilaga Ólafi konungi);
to be betrothed to one. …
pres. heit, heitr, and in A. II. heiti, heitir (bisyllabic), in mod. usage heiti through all significations; pret. hét, hétu, 2nd pers. hézt; part. heitinn.
A. [Ulf. haitan = καλειν; A. S. hâtan; Old Engl. hight, pret. hot; O. H. G. haizan; Germ. heissen; Swed. heta; Dan. hede]:
I. trans. with acc. to call, give name to; hve þik hétu hjú? Fsm. 47; Urð hétu eina, Vsp. 20; Heiði hana hétu, 25; Grímni mik hétu, Gm. 49; hve þik heitir halr, Hkv. Hjörv. 14; Hnikar hétu mik, Skv. 2. 18; hétu Þræl, Rm. 8; hétu Erna (Ernu?), 36: the naming of infants was in the heathen age accompanied by a kind of baptism (ausa vatni), vide ausa, p. 35.
2. metaph. to call on one; in the phrase, heita e-n á brott, to turn one out, call on one to be gone; þá er maðr á brott heitinn ef honum er eigi deildr matr at málum, Grág. i. 149; Vermundr hét hann á brott ok kvað hann eigi þar lengr vera skyldu, Sturl. ii. 230; so also, ef bóndi heitr griðmann sinn af vist foráttalaust, Grág. i. 157; eða heitið mik héðan, Ls. 7; ek var heitinn út (turned out) fjórum sinnum, Sighvat:—with prep. …
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f. threateming.
f. a hooting, threatening, Fms. vi. 371, 437, Sturl. ii. 57, Fs. 31. heitanar-orð, n. pl. menaces, Fms. vi. 118, Sturl. iii. 141.
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að, dep.; [in mod. usage this word is often used as a strong verb, as if it belonged to the great verb heita above; but wrongly, as they are widely different, the former referring to Goth. haitjan, the latter to Goth. wôtjan, answering to Icel. hóta, hœta, q. v., Old Engl. to wite]:—to hoot, threaten, abuse one; heitask við e-n, with infin. or absol., hann gerir reiðan mjök ok heitask við Odd, Korm. 142; aldrei hallmælti hann úvinum sínum ok aldri heitaðisk hann við þá, and he never spoke evil of or abused his enemies, Nj. 211; hann settisk í bú hans en heitaðisk við bónda, Fs. 157; hverr ert þú svá djarfr, at þú þorir at heitask við höfðingja várn? Fms. i. 75: with infin., heituðusk Danir mjök at fara með her í Noreg, 160; h. e-s, viii. 167; þeir heitaðusk at verja hann, vii. 290; Knútr heitaðisk jafnan at herja til Englands, Ísl. ii. 241; en hjónin heituðusk við í öðru lagi at hlaupa á brott, Bjarn. 27; hann heitask at brjóta þau, O. H. L. 23; h. til e-s, muntú ná goðorði þínu þó at þú heitisk eigi til, Þorst. Síðu H. 173: absol., segir at konungi mundi þat eigi duga at heitask eðr herja á innan-lands fólk, Hkr. i. 144. In mod. language heitast is chiefly used of those who shortly before death curse a man, and after death haunt him, see Ísl. …
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n. name, denomination.
n. a name, denomination, 623. 62, Fms. i. 23, Hkr. i. 320, Orkn. (begin.); úkennd heiti, simple nouns, opp. to kenningar, circumlocutions or metaphors, Edda (Sksm.); heiti and nafn are used almost synonymously, lands-heiti, staða-heiti.
f. pl. threats, imprecations (~ ok hrakning).
f. pl. threats, imprecations, Lat. dirae, Fas. i. 39, iii. 533, Grett. 203 new Ed., cp. Ísl. Þjóðs; i. 222.
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m. heat, Mar.
a.
1) hot, burning; eldi heitari, hotter than fire; e-m verðr heitt, one gets warm;
2) hot, ardent, zealous (verða ~ við e-t).
adj. [cp. Ulf. heito = fever, Matth. viii. 14; A. S. hât; Engl. hot; Hel. hêt; Germ. heiss; Dan. heed;; Swed. het]:—hot, burning; heitan eld, Ísl. ii. 152; eldi heitari, hotter than fire, Hm. 50, Grett. 134; heitt skin, hot sunshine, Fms. i. 118, vi. 411; heitt veðr, hot weather, vii. 165; veðr heitt af sólu, Ísl. ii. 193; skaltú eigi þurfa heitara at baka, Nj. 199; heitt siment, hot mortar, Fms. vi. 153; eða hellir hann á hann því nökkvi er svá heitt er, at (of a fluid), Grág. ii. 129; heit mjólk, Lv. 70; heitr grautr, Eb. 198; ekki er heitt, ‘tis not hot, Lv. l. c.; e-m er (verðr) heitt, to be warm, Sks. 63; mér er heitt, I am hot; eld-h., hot as fire; glóð-h., glowing hot; brenn-h., burning hot; fun-h., sjóð-h., etc., q. v.; heitt blóð, heitr sveiti, Korm.
II. metaph. hot, ardent; heit ást, hot love; unna (elska) heitt, to love dearly, Lex. Poët., and in mod. usage.
2. hot, angry; göra sik heitan, Bs. i. 717, Stj. 181; verða h. við e-n, 719.
a., verða e-s ~, to engage, oneself to a thing.
adj. indecl.; verða e-s h., to engage oneself to a thing, Þiðr. 151.
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n. a boiler, D. N.
n. brew-house.
n. a brew-house, Fms. viii. 329.
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n. a brewing-vat, Dipl. v. 18.
m. boiler.
n. a boiler, Dipl. iii. 4, Fb. iii. 447.
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u, f. a woman brewer, Rétt. 6. 3.
m. brewer.
m. a brewer, Sturl. ii. 44.
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m. fuel for brewing, Rétt. 59.
pp. bound by a vow (í e-u við e-n).
part. bound by a vow, Sturl. iii. 240, Rd. 246.
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m. a votive day; heitdagr Eyfirðinga, the first Tuesday in the month Einmánuðr (April), a ‘day of vow’ at the end of the winter when fodder and food began to run short, vide Rd. ch. 7.
a. true to one’s word.
adj. true to one’s word, Sturl. ii. 133, Hkr. iii. 252.
f. the being heitfengr.
n. a being heitfengr, Lv. 70.
a. able to eat one’s food burning hot.
adj. able to eat one’s food burning hot, Grett. 91.
n. votive money.
n. votive money, Bs. i. 308, 450.
m. a god to whoin one inakrs a vow.
n, a god to whom one makes a vow, Bárð. 108.
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m. a votive loaf, Vm. 33.
f. one’s promised spouse.
u, f. one’s promised spouse, distinguished from festar-kona, in whose case the ceremony of betrothal has taken place (vide festar); hón skal vera heitkona Gunnlaugs en eigi festar-kona, Ísl. ii. 217, 239, 255, Fb. i. 372, Sturl. iii. 179.
n. promise (of marriage).
n. a promise, Sturl. i. 34, ii. 167, Bs. i. 682, Þórð. 21 new Ed.
a. boasting, braggart.
adj. boasting, braggart, Bs. i. 649.
n. breach of faith.
n. a breach of promise. Thom. 498.
m. promise-breaker.
a, m. (heit-rofa), a promise-breaker, Fms. ii. 55, Fs. 96.
f. making a solemn vow.
f. a solemn vow of the heathen kind (cp. strengja heit), Fms. i. 4, Hrafn. 8, Ísl. ii. 42, Fms. xi. 26, 109–113, 152, Fs. 122. For descriptions of this heathen custom, esp. at festivals (at Yule time, at funerals), see esp. Hænsa Þ. S. ch. 12, Jómsv. S. ch. 8, 37, cp. Hkr. Ó. T. ch. 39, Hervar. S. ch. 4 (Fas. i. 417), Hkr. Har. S. Hárf. ch. 4, Yngl. S. ch. 40, Harð. S. ch. 14, Flóamanna S. ch. 2 (cp. Landn. 1. ch. 3), Hrafn. ch. 2, Hkv. Hjörv. (prose).
(-da, -dr), v. to vow solemnly (= strengja e-s heit).
d, to vow, Fms. xi. 110, Str.; (better in two words.)
m. votive song.
m. a votive song, Bs. i. 307, 354.
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u. = heitorð.
f. cowled or hooded frock.
u, f. [akin to hökull, q. v.], a kind of cowled or hooded frock, knitted of divers colours, see Fms. ii. 72, viii. 106; hekla flekkótt, Fas. i. 120, Landn. 319; blárend h., Ísl. ii. 44; h. af skarlati ok saumuð öll brögðum, Fms. ii. 70; græn h., Ó. H. 158.
COMPDS: Heklufjall, heklumaðr.
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m. pl. ‘Frockmen,’ the name of a political party in Norway in the days of king Sverri, Fms. viii. 106 sqq.
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n. ‘Hecla-fell’ the name of mount Hecla, Bs., Ann. passim; in mod. usage abbreviated Hekla, prob. called so from its frock or hood of snow. Fourteen eruptions of mount Hecla are recorded, of A. D. 1104, 1158, 1206, 1222, 1300, 1341, 1389, 1440 (the exact year uncertain), 1510, 1597, 1636, 1693, 1766, 1845, besides earthquakes or partial eruptions in the immediate neighbourhood in 1294 and 1554, see Ísl. Ann., Jón Egilsson (Annals), Björn á Skarðsá (Annals). In the Middle Ages Hecla became mythical in Europe, and was regarded as a place of punishment for the damned; the Danes say ‘begone to Heckenfjæld,’ the North Germans ‘to Hackelberg,’ the Scots ‘to John Hacklebirnie’s house,’ cp. the Sks. 154.
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m. a hooded man, Fms. ii. 70.
(gen. ~jar, dat. ~ju), f.
1) Hel (the goddess of death);
blár sem ~, black as Hel;
2) abode of the dead (gráta Baldr ór ~ju);
leysa höfuð sitt ór ~ju, to save oneself from death;
rasa í ~ina opna, to rush into open death;
liggja á ~jar þremi, to be on the verge of death;
3) death (þykkir ekki betra líf en ~);
berja e-n grjóti í ~, to stone one to death.
f., gen. heljar, dat. helju or hel (less correct); a nom. helja never occurs in old writers, although a gen. helju is used in the mod. phrase, milli heims ok helju (old and better heljar); [Ulf. halja = αδης, Matth. xi. 23, Luke xvi. 23, 1 Cor. xv. 55; A. S. and Engl. hell; Hel. and O. H. G. hellia; Germ. hölle; cp. Dan. i hjel]:—the abode of the dead:
1. in a heathen sense answering to the Greek Hades, and distinguished from Valhalla; í Helju, Alm. 15, 19, 21, 27, 33; til Heljar, Skm. 27, Vtkv. 6, Vþm. 43; ok létta ekki fyrr en vér höfum Sigmund í Helju, Fær. 166; væntir mik, at hann sé nú í Helju, Fas. i. 233; at þau undr beri fyrir þik at þú sér brátt í Helju ok víst mun þetta þín furða vera, Ísl. ii. 351; fara til Heljar, to fare to Hel. to die, Gísl. 107.
2. phrases or sayings, heimta e-n ór Helju, to draw one out of Hel, i. e. to rescue him from imminent death or peril; þóttusk þeir hafa hann ór Helju heimtan, Eg. 533, Fs. 8, Fms. iii. 80; cp. gráta Baldr ór Helju, Edda 38, 39, Bs. i. 648 (in a verse); búask til Heljar, to busk one for a journey to Hel. i. e. to put him in a shroud; …
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adv. compar.
1) more, rather;
~ en, rather than, more than (vápn þeirra bitu eigi ~ en vendir);
2) at ~, any the more;
also, all the more (at ~ tveimr, at ek mynda gjarna veita yðr öllum);
at ~ þótt, even although;
3) rather (nú vartu ~ til skjótr, en ek ~ til seinn);
var brúðrin döpur ~, the bride was rather sad;
4) after a negative, but, on the contrary.
adv. compar.; superl. HELZT; [Goth. haldis; Dan. heller; Swed. hellre, heller: only Scandin., not being found in the Teut. dialects.]
A. COMPAR.,
I. more, rather:
1. with the particle en (an), rather …, than; hann var heldr ljótr an góligr, Eluc. 55; kjós hann heldr til en frá, Bs. i. 480; umbeygilega hljóðs-grein heldr en hvassa, Skálda 182; með margföldu atkvæði heldr en einföldu, Sks. 311; hygg ek at heldr hafi hann helvíti en þessi maðr, Fms. vii. 118; vill hón at honum sé eigi frá vísat … heldr en þeir gefi upp borgina, Fms. i. 157: with a comparative, less than, more than; er þeim sé eigi minni kunnleikr á heldr en nábúum, Grág. ii. 343; bað hann skipa eptir konung-legri miskunn meirr, heldr en eptir hóflausri reiði Amans, Sks. 467.
2. hvart-heldr …, eða, either …, or; whether …, or …; hvárt sem þat yrði heldr kú ildi eðr vaðmál, Dipl. iv. 13; en nú vitum vér eigi hvárt heldr er, … eða muntú …, now we know not which is the case, whether … or …, Fms. i. 33: eða being understood, Gunnlaugi kveðsk vel líka hvárt at heldr er, G. said he should be well pleased whatsoever was done, Ísl. …
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a. compar. better.
adj. compar. the better; and helztr, superl. the best, foremost; í heldra lagi, in high degree, Fms. ix. 262, Alex. 92; í heldrum lögum, id., Fas. iii. 551; þykkir mönnum sá helztr kostr, the best choice, Hkr. ii. 76; finnsk mér þat ráð helzt til …, the best step to be taken methinks is …, Fb. i. 83; beztrar vináttu ok helztrar, of the best friendship and truest, Bs. i. 708; er einn hefir verit helztr lendra manna í Noregi, Eb. 334: in mod. usage, heldra fólk, heldri menn, better sort of people, gentle folk, opp. to almúgi; heldri manna börn, and the like: helztu menn, the best men.
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or helfningr, m., D. N.; vide helmingr.
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f. [hálfr], a half, D. N., Landn. 218, v. l. (paper MS.), freq. in mod. usage: behalf, H. E. ii. 41.
(að), v.
1) ~ sér land to appropriate land by performing sacred rites;
2) to hallow to one (hét hann at ~ Þór allt landnám sitt);
3) ~ þing, to proclaim the sanctity of a meeting;
~ e-n, to proclaim a person inviolable;
4) refl., ~st to he sanctifled.
að, hælga, a Norse form, Bret. 34, 96, [heilagr], to make holy, hallow, sanctify:
I. a law term, to appropriate land or the like, by performing some sacred rites: komit hefi ek nú eldi á Þverárland ok er helgat landit Einari syni mínum, Glúm. 391; hann skaut yfir ana með tundr-öru ok helgaði sér svá landit fyrir vestan, Landn. 193; hann gerði eld mikinn við hvern vatns-ós ok helgaði sér svá allt hérað, 207; svá helguðu þeir sér allan Öxarfjörð, 234 (interesting): to adjudicate to one, hét hann því at h. Þór allt landnám sitt ok kenna við hann, Landn. 97; hann görði þar hof mikit ok helgaði Þór (dat.), id.; Ásbjörn helgaði landnám sitt Þór ok kallaði Þórs-mörk, 280: hence in mod. usage, helga sér e-ð, to prove a thing to be one’s own, make one’s right to a thing good, e. g. hann skal hafa það ef hann getr helgað sér það, he shall have it if he can prove it to be his, e. g. M. N. er fundinn, … réttr eigandi má helga sér og vitja, Þjóðólfr, passim of property lost and found.
β. helga sik, to clear oneself of a charge; þóat hinn helgi sik með heimiliskviðar-vitni, N. G. L. ii. 69.
γ. helga þing, h. …
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I) f.
1) sanctification, sanctity;
2) sacrament.
II) from heilagr, holy.
(helgun), f. sanctification, Hom. 160, Mar. 13, Stj. 141, 149, 1 Cor. i. 30, 1 Thess. iv. 3, 2 Thess. ii. 13, Pass. 24. 2: sacramentum, þessar helganir, skírn ok ferming, K. Á. 20: consecration, h. holds ok blóðs várs Herra Jesu Christi, H. E. i. 463.
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n. = helgibrot, Valla L. 209.
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(helgi-brot, K. Á. 174), n. Sabbath-breaking, N. G. L. i. 371.
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m. a holiday-truce, Fms. vii. 32.
f.
1) holiness, sanctity (~ Ólafs konungs);
2) inviolability, security.
f.
I. a law term, security, inviolability; nema honum væri helgi meiri mælt en fjörbaugs-manni, Grág. i. 98; engir hundar eigu helgi á sér, ii. 119; hann skal segja til þess í þingbrekku hverja helgi hann leggr á, 267; ú-helgi, loss or forfeiture of one’s personal security, i. e. outlawry; frið-helgi, security; mann-helgi, sacredness of the person: also in a local sense, a holy place, sanctuary; örskots-helgi, sanctuary within bowshot; þing-helgi, the holy boundary of a meeting within the pale fixed in the formulary, helga þing; fisk-helgi, the limits within which the right of jetsum is valid, thus a whale is recorded to have been found outside fisk-helgi, Þjóðólfr, July 28, 1869, p. 162.
II. holiness, sanctity, 625. 12, Bs. passim, Hkr. ii. 371; helgi Ólafs konungs, Fb. ii. 359, passim.
COMPDS: helgidagr, helgidómr, helgihald, helgispjöll, helgistaðr.
f.
1) holiness, sanctity (~ Ólafs konungs);
2) inviolability, security.
a, m. (Norse form Hœlgi), the Holy, a pr. name; as also Helga, u, f., Landn.
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m. a holiday.
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m. a halidom, sanctuary, N. T.
n. holiday-keeping.
n. holiday-keeping, N. G. L. i. 348, Valla L. 213, Fb. ii. 232.
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n. pl. = helgibrot.
m. holy place.
m. a holy place, Eb. 12, Edda 10, Landn. 98.
(gen. helgar, dat. and acc. helgt; pl. helgar), f. holiday, festival; hringja til helgar, to ring for a festival.
f., dat. and acc. helgi, pl. helgar, [Swed. helg], a holiday, feast, the Sabbath; hann vildi eigi berjask um Jólin fyrir sakir helgar, Fms. vii. 183; hefsk sú helgr þváttdag, K. Á. 152; halda Jóla-helgi, id.; hringja til helgar, to ring the bells at a feast, Ó. H. 118; Sunnudags-h., Páska-h., Jóla-h., Hvítasunnu-h.; eptir helgina, after the Sabbath, Orkn. 268.
COMPDS: helgarbrigði, helgarbrot, helgarfriðr.
I)
f. flat stone, slab of rock.
II)
(-ta, -t), v. to pour out (~ e-u); var hellt í þik mjólk, milk was poured into thy mouth; ~ út blóði, tárum, to shed blood, tears.
1. u, f., gen. hellna, Bs. i. 204, [hallr, m.; Swed. häll], a flat stone, slate, Þórð. 36 new Ed., Fs. 66, Fms. viii. 9, xi. 241, Orkn. 246: a table-land of rocks, leiddum síðan skipit upp á hellurnar, Fms. xi. 241; þar ól Þóra barn uppi á hellunni, Hkr. i. 118, (Hákonar-hella, the name of a place); sumt féll á hellu ok þornaði, Hom. Matth. xiii. 5; hjálpar-h., rock of salvation; hneyxlunar-h., rock of offence, Rom. ix. 33; þvíat þat var grundvallat á hellu, Matth. vii. 25: a tablet of stone (= steintafla), Ver. 22; gull-hella, q. v.: a local name, Landn.; also Hellu-land, n. the Polar-land north and east of Greenland.
2. metaph. medic. of a tumour, hard to the touch; var þrotinn hlaupinn sundr í þrjár hellur, Bs. i. 178.
COMPDS: hellnagrjót, helluberg, hellubjarg, helluflaga, Helluflagi, helluhnoðri, hellunám, hellusteinn.
2. t, [halla], to pour out water or the like, with dat.; hella vatni, etc., Grág. i. 129, 133, K. Þ. K. 12, 623. 54; h. silfri yfir höfuð e-m, Fms. vi. 375; h. í kné e-m, Fbr. 33; var hellt í þik mjólk, milk was poured into thy mouth, Fms. vi. 32; …
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f. pouring, shedding; blóðs út-helling, bloodshed.
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u, f. a kind of thyme, Hjalt.
(gen. hellis, dat. and acc. helli; pl. hellar), m. cave, cavern.
m., gen. hellis, pl. hellar, (mod. pl. hellrar, hellrum, etc., vide Gramm.): [akin to hallr]:—a cave (in rocks), Orkn. 4, 28, Fs. 66, 73, Grág. ii. 131, 134, Fms. vii. 81, Grett.; hann fór upp til hellisins Surts (mod. Surts-hellir) ok færði þar drápu þá, er hann hafði ort um jötuninn í hellinum, Landn. 199, (nauta-hellir, Bs. i. 320,) passim.
COMPDS: hellis-berg (-bjarg, Grett. 164), n. a cavernous rock, Fms. x. 174, Fas. iii. 401. hellis-búi, a, m. a ‘cave-dweller,’ a giant. hellis-dyrr, f. pl. the doors of a cave, Fms. i. 211, vii. 82, 83, Orkn. 428. hellis-gluggi, a, m. the window of a cave, Fas. iii. 413. hellis-gólf, n. the floor of a cave, Fas. iii. 414. hellis-menn, m. pl. cave-men, outlaws, Landn. 61, 67, 182. Hellismanna-saga, u, f. the story of the cave-men, Ísl. Þjóðs. ii. 300 sqq., cp. also 104 sqq. hellis-munni, a, m. the mouth of a cave, Orkn. 428, Fb. i. 245. hellis-skúti, a, m. a jutting cave, Glúm. 363, Eb. 206, Bret. 104, Fas. ii. …
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f. a pouring shower, helli-rumba, helli-demba, u, f. id.
n. flat stones, slabs.
n. slate stones, Bs. l. c.
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n. a slate quarry.
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n. a slate rock.
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u, f. a thin slate.
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a, m. id., a nickname, Landn.
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a, m., botan. the biting stone-crop, sedum acre, Hjalt.
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n. a slate quarry, Vm. 36.
m. flat stone, slab.
m. a flat stone, slab, Eg. 181, 579, Þorf. Karl. 428, Vápn. 4, Fas. ii. 238: a rock, Matth. vii. 24.
f. haulm, straw.
u, f. [hálmr], a haulm, straw, Stj. 397 (ax-helma).
(að), v. to halve.
að, to halve a thing, Karl. 56.
(-s, -ar), m. half; at helmingi, by half; skipta í helminga, to share in two equal portions.
m. and helming, f., Grág. ii. 370; helfingr, Anecd. 102; helfuingr, D. I. i. 280, [hálfr]:—a half, Nj. 189, Fms. i. 22, Anecd. 102; at helmingi, by half, Nj. 98, Fms. vi. 183, Grág. i. 171, D. I. l. c.; skipta til helmingar, to share in two equal portions, Grág. ii. 370; or skipta í helminga, id., Fms. viii. 43.
COMPDS: helmings-auki or helmingar-auki, a, m. a doubling, N. G. L. i. 328, Fms. viii. 270. helmings-ávöxtr, m. id., N. G. L. i. 328. helmingar-félag, n. a law term, a joint company with equal rights (e. g. between husband and wife), Nj. 3, Ld. 164, Sturl. ii. 83. helmings-kaup, n. a bargain by way of helmingarfélag; jörð er fallit hafði henni (the widow) í h. eptir Skapta bónda sinn, Dipl. v. 7.
II. poët. a host, Lex. Poët. passim, Edda (Gl.)
n. collar, esp. for a dog.
n. [háls], a collar, Grág. ii. 119, Hkr. i. 136, Þiðr. 16, Korm.
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m. the barnacle or tree-goose, so called from its white collar (helsi), anas erithropus L., Edda (Gl.), Eggert Itin. 548: a nickname, Fms. iv. 314. ☞ For the popular tales of this bird see Max Müller’s Lectures, 2nd Series. Helsingjar, m. pl. the name of the people of Helsingja-land in Sweden, Ó. H.
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t, [haltr], to become halt, Fas. iii. 204, freq.
f. lameness.
f. lameness, Bs. ii. 184, Hm. 86 (Bugge).
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a, m. an inmate of hell, Niðrst. 4, 5.
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n. pl. the gates of hell, Rb. 380.
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m. hell-fire, Hom. 35.
f. pl. torments of hell.
f. pl. hell-torments, Nj. 273, Hom. 35.
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a, m. the low (flame) of hell, Al. 154.
m. a man doomed to hell.
m. a man doomed to hell, Bs. i. 111.
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n. hell-darkness, Post.
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(-pinsl, -písl), u, f. ‘hell-pine,’ hell-torments, Stj., Hom.
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n. the stronghold of hell, Niðrst. 107.
a. black as death.
adj. black as death, Fas. iii. 653.
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a, m. a name of Odin, Edda.
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m. = helgráðr, Fas. i. 385.
a. murderous (~ hönd).
adj. eager for death, Akv. 43.
f. death.
f. ‘Hel-faring,’ death, burial, Blas. 44.
m. death-dirge.
m. a death-dirge, Fbr. 24.
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part. ‘Hel-gone,’ dead, Eg. (in a verse).
m. voracity betokening death.
m. voracity betokening death (in the case of one who is fey), Fas. i. 372 (in a paraphrase from a poem); cp. hel-hungr, Ivar Aasen.
f. pl. Hel’s gate.
f. pl. the gates of Hel, Edda.
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f. = helstríð, Lex. Poët.
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m. the daïs of Hel, Lex. Poët.
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f. ‘Hel-ride,’ name of a poem, Sæm.
m. pl. shoes for the dead.
m. pl. ‘Hel-shoes,’ put on the dead to enable them to walk to Hel; for this heathen burial rite see Gísl. 24 (107).
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f. [Dan. helsot], the last sickness, Grág. i. 201.
m. pl. baneful characters.
m. pl., poët. baneful characters, Hkv. Hjörv.
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n. the death-strife, last agony, Greg. 31; hann bað Gest at hann legði ráð til at föður hans bættisk helstríð, er hann bar um Ögmund son sinn, Landn. 146; þá féllu honum þau (the tidings) svá nær at hann dó af helstríði, Fær. 371.
m. the way to Hel.
m. ‘Hel-way,’ the way to Hel (Hades), Edda, Fas. i. 333: mythol., Sæm. 156 (Helr, prose).
n. hell, the abode of the damned.
n. [from A. S. hellewite, whence Swed. helvete, Dan. helvede, prop. the fine (víti) of Hel. q. v.]:—hell, the abode of the damned, Stj., Rb., N. T., Pass., Vídal. passim, but only in Christian writers; it appears first in Hallfred.
COMPDS: helvítisbúi, helvítisbyrgi, helvítiseldr, helvítiskvalir, helvítislogi, helvítismaðr, helvítismyrkr, helvítispína, helvítisvirki.
a. hellish, infernal.
adj. hellish, infernal, cursed, Th. 16.
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adj. fast sinking, = banvænn, Jb. 324 B.
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n. [him, Ivar Aasen, and North. E. ime = a hoar frost], a thin film of ice.
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að, impers. to be covered with rime; það hemaði ekki á poll.
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m., prob. a leg-tether, only used in the phrase, hafa hemil á e-m, to restrain one.
m. the skin of the shanks.
m. (hömungr, N. G. L. ii. 511), [höm = a shank], the skin of the shanks of a hide; eigi vilda ek sjá þá húð er þú ert einn h. af, Fb. iii. 405; in N. G. L. i. 208 referring to a curious old ceremony of adoption:—the adopted son himself and his nearest heirs were to put their feet into a shoe made from the skin of the right leg of a three years old ox, cp. Ruth iv. 7, and Deut. xxv. 9.
II. a pr. name, Fb. iii, prob. derived from this mode of adoption.
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hamdi, to restrain one, hold one back from roving about, freq. in mod. usage; eg gat ekki hamið þær, I could not hold them together; óhemjandi, unruly; cp. also óhemja, a wild and furious person.
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m. a kind of boat, Edda (Gl.)
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f. revenge, and hemna, að, vide hefnd, hefna.
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u, f. [hampr], a priest’s gown; missa hempuna, to be unfrocked, forfeit one’s priesthood. hempu-lauss, adj. without a priest’s gown.
(~, hendr), v.
1) to catch with the hand (hann kastaði heininni í lopt upp, en allir vildu ~);
to pick out or up (hann safnar mönnum til at ~ svínin);
~ e-t augum, to catch with the eyes;
~ til smátt ok stórt, to pick up small and great alike, look closely after;
~ gaman (skemtan) at e-u, to take a delight in (hann hendi skemtan at sögum ok kvæðum);
~ sakir á e-m, to pick up charges against one;
2) to touch, concern one (tíðendi þau, er bæði okkr ~);
3) to befall, happen to one;
þá hafði hent glœpska mikil, they had committed a great folly;
hann kvað þat dugandi menn ~ (it happened to brave men) at falla í bardögum.
u, f., metric. a metre, in compds, Aðal-henda, Dun-h., Lið-h., Skjálf-h., Rún-h., all names of metres defined in Edda (Ht.) 121 sqq.
(~, hendr), v.
1) to catch with the hand (hann kastaði heininni í lopt upp, en allir vildu ~);
to pick out or up (hann safnar mönnum til at ~ svínin);
~ e-t augum, to catch with the eyes;
~ til smátt ok stórt, to pick up small and great alike, look closely after;
~ gaman (skemtan) at e-u, to take a delight in (hann hendi skemtan at sögum ok kvæðum);
~ sakir á e-m, to pick up charges against one;
2) to touch, concern one (tíðendi þau, er bæði okkr ~);
3) to befall, happen to one;
þá hafði hent glœpska mikil, they had committed a great folly;
hann kvað þat dugandi menn ~ (it happened to brave men) at falla í bardögum.
d, mod. henti, [Old Engl. hente, to seize; cp. hönd], to catch with the hand:
1. to catch; hann kastaði heininni í lopt upp, en allir vildu henda, Edda 48; hann lék at þremr handsöxum senn, ok hendi æ meðal-kaflann, Fms. ii, 169; Grímr hafði þá hent böllinn, Eg. 189; en hón hendi allar með hváptunum, Fb. i. 530.
2. to pick up or out, of sheep, deer, etc.; hann var verra at henda en aðra sauði, Ísl. ii. 330; menn fóru ok vildu henda skjarra sauði, Bs. i. 330, Fms. vii. 218; h. svín, Fs. 26; h. hrein í fjalli, Hm. 89: in pursuing one, en er Egill hafði hent þá sem hann vildi, Eg. 300; þeir hendu þræiana enn fleiri, 596; hendu þá hvárir menn fyrir öðrum, Fms. viii. 168; hann lét eigi henda börn á spjóta-oddum sem þá var víkingum títt, Landn. 308; hann hendi þá sker frá skeri þau er á leiðinni vóru (of one swimming), Fbr. 183; þessir stafir göra allt mál ok hendir málit ýmsa, Skálda 172; fara eptir sem vér skerum akrinn, ok henda (to pick up, glean) ef nokkut stendr eptir, eðr fýkr frá oss, Stj. 422; henda mula, to pick up crumbs, Mkv.: with prep., h. saman, to pick up and put together; h. saman orð, to compound words, Anecd. …
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(pl. -ar), f.
1) catching; var í ~um með þeim, they were near coming to close quarters;
2) rhyme or assonance; rhyming or assonating syllable.
f. a catching, in the phrase, var í hendingum með þeim, they came to close quarters, of pursuit, Sturl. ii. 66; varð hann skjótastr ok var þá í hendingum með þeim Sveini, Orkn. 336, Grett. 136 new Ed.
2. adverb. hendingum, by chance; veita ansvör sem hendingum væri, Barl. 143; whence the mod. af hendingu, by hap, by chance, cp. Dan. hændelse = a chance, hap.
II. metric. rhymes; the ancient double rhymes were both placed in the same line, so as to ‘catch’ one another: distinction is made between an aðal-henda (a full rhyme) and a skot-henda (a half rhyme), thus in Fastorðr skyli fyrða | fengsæll vera þengill,—‘orð fyrð’ are half rhymes, ‘feng þeng’ full rhymes; the first rhyming syllable in the verse (as orð feng) was called frum-hending, head-rhyme, the second (as fyrð þeng) viðr-hending, after-rhyme; if the head-rhyme (as feng in the second verse line above) was placed as the initial syllable it was called odd-hending, edge-rhyme; if in the middle (as orð in the first line), hlut-hending, chance-rhyme, see Edda (Ht. …
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n. adj. blank verse, Edda 138, Skálda 192.
n. rhyming syllable.
n. a rhyming syllable, Edda 134.
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n. change of rhyme, Edda 129.
a. helpful, ready to help (vera e-m ~ um e-t).
adj.; vera e-m h., to be one’s hand-servant, cp. Dan. haandlanger = Lat. calo; allt þat lið er biskupi var hendi-langt, Sturl. ii. 49; þeir skyldi honum fylgja ok vera honum hendi-langir bæði um þjónustu ok svá ef hann vildi þá senda, Hkr. ii. 80, cp. 283 (in a verse).
a. picking, thievish.
adj. picking (i. e. thievish), Glúm. 364.
from hönd, hand.
adj. only in compds:
I. mod., fagr-hentr, fair-handed; harð-h., hard-handed; lag-h., handy, etc.
II. metric. in this or that metre; neut. al-hent, skot-hent, hryn-hent, draug-hent, ná-hent, hnugg-hent, stúf-hent; or masc., háttr being understood, skot-hendr, dett-hendr, rún-hendr háttr, etc.: see Edda (Ht.), where these metres are defined.
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m. a pendulum, (mod.)
2. name of an overhanging mountain, a beetling crag: also Hengla-fjöll, n. pl., Fb. iii. 559: hengil-mæna, u, f. a ‘droop-chine,’ laggard: hengil-mænulegr, adj.; hengilmænu-skapr, m.
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a prefix, hanging: hengi-flug, n. a precipice: hengi-kjöftr, m. hang-jaw, name of a giant, Edda (Gl.): hengi-skafl, m. a jutting heap of snow, Bs. i. 640: hengi-tjöld, n. hangings, Jm. 21: hengi-vakr, m. a kind of bird, prob. the kittywake: hengi-vígskörð, n. pl. jutting ramparts, Sks. 417.
(-da, -dr), v. to hang up, suspend; to hang on a gallows; ~ sik, to hang oneself.
d, [hanga], to hang up, suspend, Sks. 406, Am. 5: to hang (on a gallows), Grág. ii. 131, Fms. passim; h. sik, to hang oneself, Landn. 64: pass., Hom. 23: phrases, h. hálsinn, to hang the neck, Fbr. 52; h. höfuðit, to hang the head, Bs. ii. 178.
(-nti, -nt, or að), v. to fit, be suitable for (sárum mönnum hentir betr mjólk en mungát); eigi hentir svá, it will not do that way.
t, (mod. hentaði, hentar, Fb. i. 434, Trist. 14, Ísl. ii. 12), [an iter. from henda], to fit: eigi hentir svá, it will not do so, Nj. 4; sárum mönnum hentir betr mjólk en mungat, Fms. iv. 82, 147; ok miklu á leið koma því er þar hentar til, Ísl. ii. 12; hentar annat en dvelja við, Trist.
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adv. in fitting manner, Grett. 100 A.
a. befitting, = hentr.
adj. befitting, Fms. v. 346, Grett. 111 A, H. E. ii. 201.
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f. convenience, opportunity.
a. fit, suited for one; er slíkum mönnum bezt hent þar, there is the right place for such men.
adj. fit, suited for one; eigi eru mér fjárleitir hentar, Nj. 26, Grett. 23 new Ed.; hvat er þér hentast at vinna? Nj. 54, Fms. i. 127; er slíkum mönnum bezt hent þar, there is the right place for such men, Orkn. 322.
a. befitting, convenient.
adj. befitting, convenient, Ísl. ii. 13, Fb. i. 209; ó-hentugr.
m. = hentleikr.
m. opportunity, Fb. iii. 254.
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adv. (-ligr, adj.), fitly.
m. opportunity.
m. opportunity, Bs. i. 218.
a. lucky, fortunate.
adj. [happ, cp. Engl. happy], lucky, Symb. 14, Grett. 90 new Ed., Fb. i. 541; orð-h., ready-tongued.
a. making a good catch.
adj. making a good catch, Grett. 138 A.
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adj. (-liga, adv.), fortunate; ó-heppilegr.
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að, [Engl. happen], to have good luck, freq. in mod. usage.
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f. good luck, freq. heppnis-maðr, m. a lucky man.
(-pta, -ptr), v.
1) to bind, fetter; ~ hross, hest, to hobble a horse;
2) to impede, hinder (illt er flýjanda at ~); ~ sik, to restrain oneself, forbear;
refl. to be thwarted (heptist ferð þeirra).
better hefta, t, [hapt or haft], to bind, fetter, Grág. ii. 131; h. hross (hesta), to tether a horse, i. 383, Glúm. 368, Fs. 5, Vápn. (Ný Fél. xxi. 123): metaph. to hinder, impede, h. ferð (för) e-s, Lv. 76, Grág. ii. 110: to hold back, restrain, Fær. 229, Nj. 141; h. fyrir e-m, id., Grett. 134 A: in the saying, íllt er flýjanda at hepta, Fms. ix. 370, cp. Sturl. iii. 23; en lendir menn heptu þá, Fms. ix. 389; vera heptr, to be hindered, iv. 132: h. sik, to restrain oneself, forbear; at þú hept þik at (forbear) héðan af at glepja Þuríði, Eb. 252; hann bað Jökul h. sik (be quiet), Fs. 37, Karl. 54: reflex. to be thwarted, heptisk ferð þeirra, Fms. x. 291, Fs. 4; ok heptusk Skotar við þat, 120.
n. haft (of a dirk).
n. [Germ. heft], the haft or hilt of a dirk, Gísl. 18, Fas. i. 56, ii. 358, Eb. 250, cp. Grett. 153 new Ed., Landn. 248. hepti-sax, n. a kind of dagger, Grett. 141; knífa-h., Sks. 127.
II. [Germ. heft; Dan. hefte], a part, fasciculus of a book, (mod.)
f. tether; impediment.
f. a tether, Gþl. 395: tethering, freq.: impediment, Sturl. iii. 220.
m. groom of the chamber.
m. a groom of the chamber, Fms. vii. 203, x. 123.
m. groom of the chamber.
m. id., Fb. i. 347, ii. 284, Hkr. iii. 324, Stj. 518, 641, Fas. i. 317: in mod. usage, room, svefn-herbergi, a bedroom; gesta-h., an inn, Luke ii. 7.
I)
(-rða, -rðr), v.
1) to make hard, temper (~ járn, sverð);
2) to press, clench; ~ hendr (knúa) at e-u, to clench with the hands (fists); fig., ~ atgöngu, to make the attack harder;
3) to make firm, exhort; ~ huginn, ~ sik, to take heart, exert oneself;
4) absol. to follow closely, pursue vigorously (Birkibeinar herðu eptir þeim); ~ áfram, to push on; ~ at (e-m) to press hard (upon one);
5) impers. to become hard; veðr (acc.) herði, it blew up a gale; herði seglit, the sail was strained hard (by the gale);
6) refl. to take heart (bað konungr menn vel við ~st).
II)
f.
1) tempering (of steel), steeling;
2) hardness, severity.
u, f. hardness:—a hardening or tempering of steel, Karl. 173: tempered steel, muðrinn (of the axe) rifnaði upp í gegnum herðuna, Eg. 181. herðu-góðr, adj. well tempered, Fbr. 141.
II. metaph. hardihood, but also hardness, Fms. vi. 38, x. 406, xi. 217, Gísl. 71 (in a verse).
I)
(-rða, -rðr), v.
1) to make hard, temper (~ járn, sverð);
2) to press, clench; ~ hendr (knúa) at e-u, to clench with the hands (fists); fig., ~ atgöngu, to make the attack harder;
3) to make firm, exhort; ~ huginn, ~ sik, to take heart, exert oneself;
4) absol. to follow closely, pursue vigorously (Birkibeinar herðu eptir þeim); ~ áfram, to push on; ~ at (e-m) to press hard (upon one);
5) impers. to become hard; veðr (acc.) herði, it blew up a gale; herði seglit, the sail was strained hard (by the gale);
6) refl. to take heart (bað konungr menn vel við ~st).
II)
f.
1) tempering (of steel), steeling;
2) hardness, severity.
ð, mod. herti, [harðr; Ulf. ga-hardjan; Engl. harden]:—to harden:
1. of iron, to temper; h. járn, sverð, kníf, ljá …, Nj. 203; þegar járnsmiðr herðir stóra bolöxi eðr handöxi, og bregðr henni í kalt vatn, Od. ix. 392.
2. phrases, herða knúa, hendr, at e-u, to clench the fist, Fms. vi. 106, Edda 28.
3. to fasten, tie fast; þeir herða þá seglit með sterku bandi, Fas. iii. 652; herða á, to bind tighter, or metaph. to push on.
II. metaph.,
1. to exhort, cheer; hann talaði langt, ok herði alla í ákafa, and bade them be of good comfort, Sturl. iii. 33; herða hjörtu sín, to make one’s heart firm, Stj. 437; herði hann þá huginn, Eg. 407, Fb. ii. 322; h. sik, to take heart, Nj. 103: to work briskly, hertú þig þá, mannskræfan, segir Stórólfr, Fb. i. 523: to harden, in a bad sense, Stj. 639.
2. absol. to follow closely, pursue vigorously; Birkibeinar sá þá, ok herðu eptir þeim, Fms. ix. 15; herðu þeir Kolbeins-menn á þá, Sturl. iii. 33; skulum vér víst herða áfram. push on, Fms. xi. 256; en er Ormr herti fast at, but as O. …
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f. pl. shoulders, the upper part of the back.
f. pl. the shoulders, the upper part of the back, distinguished from öxl = shoulder in a special sense, Nj. 185, Eg. 289, Fms. vii. 55, Sks. 166, Fb. i. 396, Þiðr. 9, passim, cp. Matth. xxiii. 4, Luke xv. 5: so in the phrase, hafa hofuð og herðar yfir e-n, to be higher than another from the shoulders and upwards, cp. 1 Sam. ix. 2, x. 23.
COMPDS: (old form herði-, mod. herða-): herða-drengr, m. a hump on the back, a pun, Fms. viii. 404. herða-kambr, m. the withers, of a horse. herða-kistill, m. a hump. herða-klettr, m., poët. the ‘shoulder-knoll,’ the head, Skm. herða-lítill, adj. narrow-shouldered, Grett. 165. herða-munr, m. the difference from the shoulders and upwards, metaph. of one who is no match for another, Fms. xi. 442. herða-sár, n. a shoulder sore or wound, Sturl. i. 85. herða-toppr, m. a shoulder tuft, the part of a horse’s mane next the saddle, Sturl. i. 152, Bær. 16. herðar-blað, n. the shoulder blade, Nj. …
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from ‘Hörðr’.
f. hardihood, Fms. xi. 151.
m. hardy man.
m. a hardy man, Nj. 270.
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u, f. hardening, tempering, of iron.
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a, m. a hermit (for. word), Sks.
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u, f., prop. a skein, Swed. härfua.
2. metaph. a limp, lazy fellow, a coward; hann er mesta herfa. herfu-skapr, m. cowardice.
n. harrow.
n. [Dan. harv; Engl. harrow], a harrow, Akv. 16 (hervi), Gþl. 358, 359.
adv. wretchedly.
adv. ‘harrowingly,’ wretchedly, Fms. x. 253, Fb. i. 93.
a. wretched.
adj. ‘harrowing,’ wretched, ragged, Eluc. 21, Fms. vii. 157, x. 222, Stj. 20, 39, Nj. 197.
(að), v.
1) to go harrying or freebooting;
2) with acc. to despoil, waste (~ land);
refl., ~st á, to harry (wage war on) one another.
að, [A. S. hergian; Scot. to herry or harry; Dan. hærge]:—to go harrying or freebooting, Nj. 127, Eg. 78, 228, Fms. i. 10, Grág. i. 135, passim.
II. trans. with acc. to harry, despoil, waste; Haraldr konungr herjaði landit ok átti orrostur, Fms. i. 5; herja land, Mirm.; at herjuðu helvíti, having harried hell, Karl. 279; borgir ok þorp er aðrir höfðu herjað (harried, taken by force) af hans eign, Fms. x. 231; (whence the mod. phrase, h. e-ð út úr e-m, to harry a thing out of one, press him till he yields it up); herja mönnum til Kristindóms, to harry, drive people to Christianity, N. G. L. i. 344; Fjandinn herjar menn ór Kristninni, Rb. 400.
III. reflex., herjask á, to harry (wage war on) one another, Hkr. ii. 75.
m. Lord of hosts (a name of Odin).
f. a harrying, Magn. 464.
m. Lord of hosts (a name of Odin).
m. [herr], Lord of Hosts, a name of Odin, Edda.
II. the evil one, a term of abuse.
COMPDS: herjanskerling, herjansliga, Herjanssonr.
f. hag.
f. a hag, Bs. ii. 134.
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adv. wickedly, Clar.
m. ‘devil’s limb’, wretch.
m. a ‘Devil’s limb,’ Lv. 58, Fb. i. 256, Fas. i. 107, iii. 607, 655, Þiðr. 106, 111.
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adj. enduring hardness, 2 Tim. ii. 3.
v. to drag oneself along.
1. t, to do with the utmost difficulty; herkja þeir þá í annat sinn norðr fyrir Langanes, Bs. i. 483.
2. u, f. [harki], dearth (?), a nickname, Landn.: the name of a giantess, Edda (Gl.): in the phrase, með herkjum or með herkjumunum, with the utmost difficulty.
(-da, -dr), v.
1) to relate, repeat, report (~ orð e-s);
2) ~ eptir e-m, to imitate or mimic one.
d, [the root uncertain], to relate, prop. perhaps to repeat, report; en ef nokkurr maðr hermir þessi orð eðr vísur, Nj. 68; hann spurði þá, hvárt hann hermdi rétt, whether he reported true, 24; h. frá orðum e-s, Fms. vii. 73, Sks. 557; h. orð e-s, id.; hann hermdi hversu hann hafði talat, Stj. 65.
β. herma eptir e-m, to imitate another’s voice, to mimic, esp. in a bad sense, Gísl. 49, Ísl. ii. 346; cp. the saying, sjaldan lætr sá betr er eptir hermir.
adv. gallantly.
adv. gallantly, Eg. 383.
a. gallant, martial.
adj. warlike, gallant, Ld. 110, Nj. 39, Fms. viii. 436, xi. 245, Stj. 495.
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d, dep. [harmr], to wax wroth, be annoyed; henni hermdisk við líkaminn ok blótaði honum, Hom. 150.
II. n. part. hermt; e-m verðr h. við e-t, to wax angry with a thing; bóndi sprettr þá upp ok verðr hermt við, Ísl. ii. 175; honum görði mjök hermt við þessu, it annoyed him much, Grett. 23 new Ed., Þiðr. 115, 355; for the mod. phrase,—e-m verðr hverft (hermt) við e-ð, to be startled, mér varð hverft víð, of sudden emotion (fright or the like),—see hverfr.
f. vexation, aimer.
f. vexation, anger, Barl. 115 (v. l.), Hkv. i. 47.
COMPDS: hermdar-orð (Fagrsk. 153) and hermdar-yrði, n. angry words, spiteful words, Nj. 281. hermdar-verk, n., dub. a deed of revenge, or perhaps rather a deed of renown, a feat; mikil verða hermdarverk, ek hefi spunnit tólf álna garn en þú hefir vegit Kjartan, Ld. 224; vide herma.
f. indignation, wrath.
f. [hermask], indignation, Lv. 75.
II. [herma], a report, D. N. (Fr.)
f. mimic, ape.
u, f. an ‘aping-crow,’ a mimicker, Gísl. 51.
adv. right angrily.
adv. (hermila, Hallfred), right angrily, Barl. 184, Al. 144, Fms. ii. 279, Clem. 36; hefna hermila, to take a fierce revenge, Hallfred.
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adj. Armenian, Grág., Bs.
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n. = hermd, Barl. 115.
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f. pl., in eptir-hermur, q. v., aping, mimicry.
n. plunderers, forayers.
n. pl. plunderers, Hkr. iii. 67.
m. pl. plunderers, forayers.
m. pl. forayers, Fms. vii. 18, xi. 226.
n. pl. a planning for plunder.
n. pl. a planning for plunder, Grág. ii. 135.
f. a case of raid.
f. a case of raid, Sturl. ii. 79.
(gen. -ar), m.
1) harryng, plundering;
2) warfare, raid, foray (hefja hernað, fara í hernað).
(hernuðr), m. a harrying, plundering, as a law term, Grág. ii. 134–136; hefja hernoð ok rán, Bs. i. 493; hafa e-t at hernaði, to rob, N. G. L. i. 344.
II. warfare, a raid, foray; fara í hernað, Nj. 41, Fms. i. 144; hefja hernað, to wage war, vii. 7, passim.
COMPDS: hernaðarfólk, hernaðarmenn, hernaðarráð, hernaðarsök.
f. armour.
u, f. [from the Fr. harnois, Engl. harness], armour, Stj. 287, 466, Gullþ. 11, Þiðr. 100, Barl., N. G. L. ii. (Hirðskrá, ch. 32): men of war, Barl. passim.
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u, f. [harpa II], in munn-herpa, mouth-cramp, a contraction of the lips by cold.
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t, to be contracted as with cramp.
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m. chilling (cramping) cold, herpings-kuldi, herpings-frost, n. a nipping, bitter frost.
(gen. hers, older herjar), m.
1) crowd, great number (fylgdi oss h manna); með her manns, with a host of men; úvígar ~, overwhelming host;
2) army, troops (on land and sea). Cf. ‘allsherjar-’.
m., old gen. herjar, pl. herjar, herja, herjum; later gen. hers, dropping the characteristic j and without pl.; the old form however often occurs in ancient poets, herjar, Hkr. i. 343 (in a verse), Fms. xi. 311 (in a verse), Fas. ii. 38 (in a verse); eins herjar, Hm. 72; as also, allt herjar, Hom. 39; herjum, in herjum-kunnr. famous, Háttat. R.; in prose the old j has been preserved in alls-herjar, Fms. v. 106, see pp. 16, 17; the pl. -jar occurs in Ein-herjar, see p. 121: in compd pr. names with initial vowel, Herj-ólfr (A. S. Herewulf), Herjan; [Goth. harjis, by which Ulf. renders λεγεών, Luke viii. 30, and στρατιά, ii. 13; A. S. here; O. H. G. and Hel. heri; Germ. heer; Dutch heir; Swed. här; Dan. hær]:—prop. a host, multitude:
1. a host, people in general, like στρατός in Homer; herr er hundrað, a hundred makes a herr, Edda 108; allr herr, all people, Fms. i. 194, vi. 428 (in a verse); allr herr unni Ólafi konungi hugástum, vi. 441; whence in prose, alls-herjar, totius populi, general, universal, passim; dómr alls-herjar, universal consent, v. …
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I)
(indecl. in sing.; pl. ~r), m. master, lord.
II)
(að), v. to confer the title ‘~’ upon a person.
að, to confer the title of herra upon a person, Ann. 1294.
I)
(indecl. in sing.; pl. ~r), m. master, lord.
II)
(að), v. to confer the title ‘~’ upon a person.
m. (herri, a, m., Clem. 36), irreg. and indecl. in sing., pl. reg. herrar, [derived from herr, as dróttinn from drótt, þjóðan from þjóð; Germ. herr; Dan. herre, etc.]:—gener. a lord, master, Fms. i. 218, x. 45, 159, xi. 381; in olden times herra was used in addressing a king or earl, as Fr. sire, Engl. sir, see the Sagas passim:
I. as a title; in A. D. 1277 knights and barons were created in Norway, to whom the title of Herra was given; Herra Rafn, Herra Þorvarðr, Herra Sturla, etc., Árna S., Laur. S., Ann. passim: the bishops and abbots were also so styled, e. g. Herra Arngrímr (an abbot), Bs. ii. After the Reformation, Herra became an integral part of the style of bishops, as Sira of priests, Herra Guðbrandr, Herra Þorlákr, Herra Oddr, etc., and can only be applied to the Christian name; cp. the ditty in which the old woman addresses the bishop bv Sira, and is rebuked for her rudeness, Sælir verið þér, Sira minn, | sagða eg við Biskupinn; | ansaði mér þá aptr hinn, | þú áttir að kall’ ‘ann Herra þinn. In mod. usage Herra is often applied to any person whatever, but only in writing; for in conversation the Icel. has no equivalent to the Engl. …
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adv. in a lordly manner.
adv. in lordly manner, Finnb. 276.
a. lordly.
adj. lordly.
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m. = herra, a name of Odin, vide Herjan, Edda.
a. = herraligr.
adv. in lordly way, Fas. iii. 70.
m. lordship; dominion.
m. dominion, lordship, Bs. i. 728, Fb. i. 81; yðarr h. in addressing, as your lordship in Engl., D. N. passim.
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n. = herradómr, H. E. ii. 73, Fb. i. 247.
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adv. in lordly fashion, Karl. 148.
a. lordly.
adj. lordly, Fb. i. 90.
m. lordly man, lord, knight.
m. a lord, a knight, a lordly man, Fms. x. 445, Bs. i. 736, 780 (Lv. 59 looks as if corrupt).
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n. the title of a herra, Ann. 1277.
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n. a lordly seat, Magn. 502.
(-is, -ar), m. a local chief lord (in Norway).
m. [akin to hérað and herr], a chief, lord, the political name of the Norse chiefs of the earliest age, esp. before the time of Harold Fairhair and the settlement of Iceland: respecting the office and authority of the old hersar the records are scanty, as they chiefly belonged to the prehistorical time; they were probably not liegemen, but resembled the goðar (vide goði) of the old Icel. Commonwealth, being a kind of patriarchal and hereditary chiefs: in this matter the old Landnáma is our chief source of information;—Björn Buna hét hersir ágætr í Noregi, son Veðrar-Gríms hersis í Sogni, móðir Gríms var Hervör dóttir Þorgerðar Eylaugs-dóttur hersis ór Sogni, Landn. 39; Arinbjörn h. ór Fjörðum, 66; Ási h., 76, 303, and another of the same name, 109; Ketill Veðr h. af Hringaríki, 94; Hrólfr h. af Ögðum, 48, 126; Ketill Raumr hét h. ágætr í Raumsdal, 173; Gormr h. ágætr í Svíþjóð, 195; Grímr h., 204; Þorsteinn Höfði h. á Hörðalandi, 228; Þórir Hauknefr h., 237; Úlfr Gildir h. á Þelamörk, 292; Veðr-Ormr h., 314; Arinbjörn h., Eg., Ad. 3; Vigfúss h. af Vörs, Glúm.; Klyppr h. á Hörðalandi, Fb. i. 19; Dala-Guðbrandr h., Ó. H. 106; Björn h. á Örlandi, Eg. 154; Þórir h. í Fjörðum, 155, cp. …
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n. the title of a h., Edda (Ht.)
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n. id., Fb. i. 23.
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t, dep. [= mod. hasta, q. v.], to speak harshly to one; hann herstisk á fjándann með reiði ok mælti, Greg. 50, Eb. 118 new Ed., Hom. 16 (= Lat. exasperare), Blas. 31.
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adv. harshly, Greg. 55, (mod. höstuliga.)
a. harsh.
adj. harsh-spoken; h. mál, sermo durus, Hom. 22.
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f. = herör, Gþl. 82, v. l.
pp. born of a hersir.
part. born of a hersir, Hdl.
m. commander of an army; general.
a, m. a commander, Stj. passim, Fms. vi. 151.
m. leadership; dukedom.
m. a dukedom, Fms. xi. 312, 326.
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n. a duchy, Fms. xi. 319, Fas. ii. 475.
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n. a duke to be, N. G. L. ii. 399.
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u, f. a duchess, Ann. 1326.
n. title of a duke.
n. the title of a duke, Fms. ix. 46.
m. poet., warrior.
m. a prince of hosts, Bkv.
n.
1) room;
2) lodgings, quarters (var þeim vísat fyrst í gesta-hús til ~s).
n. (her-byrgi, Gþl. 139, Stj. 204), [A. S. hereberga or herebeorga; Old Engl. herberowe, harbrough, and herber (Chaucer); mod. Engl. harbour, arbour; mid. H. G. herberge; Germ. herberge; Swed. herberge; hence Ital. albergo and Fr. auberge]:—a harbour (prop. ‘host-shelter’):
1. an inn; herbergi þar er menn drukku inni, Fb. i. 347: allit., hús ok herbergi, Fms. i. 104, Edda 147 (pref.); var þeim vísat í gesta-hús til herbergis, Edda 60; vera at herbergi (to lodge) í húsum e-s, Clem. 35; taka sér h., to take lodgings, Sks. 31.
2. a closet, room, Stj. 1, 204, 520, Fms. xi. 117, Eg. 525; konungs h., a king’s closet, Ó. H. 117, Gþl. 139.
COMPDS: herbergismaðr, herbergissveinn.
(-ða, -ðr), v.
1) to harbour (a person);
2) to lodge, take up one’s quarters (= ~ sik).
ð, (her-byrgja, Str. 12, passim), [cp. Fr. heberger]:—to harbour a person, Str. 24: allit., hýsa ok h. e-n, Stj. 152; h. fátæka, Mar. 11; h. e-n ríkulega, to treat one sumptuously, Str. 14.
II. to lodge, take in; hann herbyrgði um kveldit at nunnu-setri, Str. 19, 80, Karl. 10: reflex. to lodge, Rétt. 78.
m. blast of trumpets.
m. a blast of trumpets, Eg. 88, 284, Fms. vii. 70, 288, Stj. 394.
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a, m. one who strikes the hosts with blindness, a name of Odin, cp. Yngl. S. ch. 6.
n. war summons.
n. a war summons, Eg. 9, Fms. xi. 244; herboðsör = herör, Gþl. 83.
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f. a castle, Hervar. (in a verse).
m. explosion.
m. an explosion chemically contrived, Bs. i. 798 (Laur. S.), mentioned or perhaps invented by Albertus Magnus.
f. pl. camp.
f. pl. a camp, Al. 4, Eg. 291, Fms. iii. 51, xi. 85, Róm. 265, Stj. passim.
pp. armed.
part. armed, Str. 12.
m. armament.
m. an armament, Eg. 286, Nj. 273, Fms. iv. 82, x. 49.
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m. a warrior, Edda (in a verse).
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f., poët. war-hosts.
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n., poët. an onslaught, Sighvat.
n. booty (taka fé e-s at ~i).
n. booty, Nj. 43, Fms. ii. 2, vii. 8, Fb. ii. 46, Rb. 386, Sks. 782, passim.
pp. captured, taken by force.
part. captured, 625. 66, Hom. 118, Sks. 631.
f.
1) warfare, military expedition;
2) host.
f. warfare, a military expedition, Róm. 264, Fms. vii. 148, xi. 244: a host, Mar.
m. ‘war-fetter’.
m. a mythical term, ‘war-fetter:’ a valiant man who in the stress of battle feels himself spell-bound, and unable to stir, was in old lore said to be caught in a ‘war-fetter;’ this was attributed to the weird sisters of battle (the Valkyrias), as is shewn by the fact that one of them was called Herfjöturr, Shackle, Edda (Gl.); they were the messengers of Odin, by whom the warriors were doomed to death (kjósa val); the passages referring to this lore are Fms. viii. 170, Sturl. ii. 233, Ísl. ii. 104 twice (Harð. S.):—a similar belief appears in the Greek, see Od. xxii. 297 sqq., Iliad xiii. 358–360, xxii. 5 sqq.
m. body of warriors.
m. a battalion, Fms. i. 92, ix. 379.
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a, m. a war-fleet, N. G. L. i. 103.
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a, m. a commander.
n. men of war.
n. war-people, men of war, Bs. ii. 106, Stj. 295.
f. pl. harness.
f. pl. harness, Stj. 287, Mag. 82, 92, 97.
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adj. able for war service, Gþl. 269, Fms. i. 55, xi. 291, Ó. H. 87.
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m. Father of Hosts, a name of Odin, Edda.
f. = herferð 1.
f. = herferð, Eg. 5, Fms. i. 151, Fb. ii. 84.
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m. a bird of prey, vulture, poët. the eagle, Ýt.
f. march.
u, f. a march, Fms. v. 74.
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m. a name of Odin.
a. warlike.
adj. warlike, Bkv. 2. 20.
m. destroyer of hosts.
m., poët. a destroyer of hosts, Skv.
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u, f. a bondwoman, Hornklofi, an απ. λεγ.
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adj., poët. fierce, Edda.
n. rushing to arms.
n. a rushing to arms, Nj. 265, Eg. 10, Fms. i. 55, 210, vii. 270, x. 180.
n. war trumpet.
n. a trumpet, Al. 35, Stj. 394.
m. castle, stronghold.
a, m. a castle, stronghold, Bs. ii. 113, Mar.
f., only in ‘hver ~’, every old woman.
f. a monster-hag, Sturl. i. 36.
f. alarm-bell.
u, f. an alarm bell, Fms. ix. 369, 510, 529.
(-dda, -ddr), v. to clothe in armour;
refl., ~st, to put on armour.
dd; h. sik, to put on armour, Bær. 13: reflex., Fms. i. 43, Eg. 287, Ó. H. 107.
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n. pl. armour, Eg. 49, Fb. ii. 71, Barl. 98, passim.
m. warrior-king.
m. a king of hosts, in old writers almost used = sea-king, warrior-king, Eb. 4 (of king Olave the White), Fms. i. 24, Fb. ii. 282, Edda 105, Magn. 412.
n. war token, arms (on shields).
n. a war token, arms (on shields, helmets), Nj. 231, Fms. v. 53.
n. harried land.
n. a harried land, invaded and in a state of war, Fms. vi. 38.
(-dda, -ddr), v. to lead off into captivity.
dd, to lead off into captivity, Stj. 49, 385, 489, Mart. 130, Ver. 30.
f. captivity.
f. captivity, Fms. x. 224; esp. of the Babylonian captivity, Al. 166, Rb. 382, 386, Ver. 30, Stj. 26, 49, passim.
f. = her-leiðing.
u, f. = herleiðing, Mar.
n. war-people, troops.
n. war-people, troops. Eg. 10, Fms. i. 98, iv. 213.
a. marlial-looking.
adj. [from herra; Germ. herrlich; Dan. herlig], lordly; herlegra mann undir vápnum né tíguligra, Fms. vii. 69; h. höfðingi, 603 (non habent isti dominum, of the Vulgate); h. kerrur (currus), Stj. 573. 1 Kings x. 26; herligt kaprún (stuff), Sturl. iii. 306, v. l.: unclass. and not much used, except in poetry, háðir eitt herligt stríð, Pass. 19, 13; herligt er æ hermanns stand, Bjarni.
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n. a monster, N. G. L. i. 376, 395.
m. war trumpet (þeyta ~).
m. a trumpet, Stj. 392.
m. man of war, warrior (hann var mikill ~).
m. a man of war, a warrior, Fms. i. 8, xi. 160, 373, Nj. 268, passim.
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adj. like a host for number, Lex. Poët.
m. pl. warriors.
m. pl., poët. warriors, Hkv. 2. 4.
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m. a mythol. pr. name, Edda.
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n. = herfang, Sks. 614.
a. captive.
adj., 655 x. 2, Greg. 17, and her-numinn, part. captive, Eg. 41, 343.
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d, to capture, Bær. 13.
n. war-cry, war-whoop.
n. a war-whoop, war-cry, Eg. 80, Nj. 245, Orkn., Stj. 312, Ó. H. 107, Fb. ii. 125, passim.
f. war-news.
u, f. war-news, Fms. i. 41, N. G. L. i. 102;
m. harrying, warfare.
m. warfare, harrying, Fms. v. 344, x. 231, 234, 392, xi. 226, Fas. i. 375, Fs. 4, Stj. 385, Róm. 264, passim.
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a, m. a host.
a.
1) warlike, martial;
2) exposed to raid or warfare, in a state of war (landit var þá herskátt; í þann tima var mjók herskátt).
adj. (herská, herskátt), a land exposed to raid or in a state of war; landit var þá herskátt, lágu víkingar úti, Eg. 241, Fms. xi. 217, Hkr. i. 44; í þann tíma var mjök herskátt (unruly time), Orkn. 64; þar var herskátt af víkingum, Hkr. i. 106, Bjarn. 15, Ld. 82, Fas. i. 374: of a person, martial, warlike, Fms. i. 198, vii. 16, x. 413, Orkn. 22.
n. warship.
n. a ship of war, Fms. i. 7, Nj. 8, Ó. H. 16, N. G. L. i. 100, 102.
m. war shield; fara land herskildi, to harry a land (= herja land).
m. a war shield, a red shield, opp. to the white shield of peace (friðar-skjöldr), used in phrases as, fara (land) herskildi, to harry (a land), Eg. 246, Fms. i. 62, 116, 131; fara við herskildi, id., Hkr. i. 233, cp. Stj. 542, 619 (2 Kings vi. 14), 641.
n. harness.
n. (her-skrúði, a, m., Fms. x. 234, Stj. 570), harness, Bjarn. 11.
m. caltrop.
a, m. a ‘war-spur,’ caltrop, Fms. vii. 183, Al. 74, Sks. 392.
m. commander.
a, m. a commander, Edda 93.
f. command of troops.
f. command of troops, Hkr. i. 211.
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f. pl. hosts, margfjöldi himneskra hersveita, Luke ii. 13.
I)
(see taka), v. to capture; ~ konu, to abduct a woman.
II)
f. captivity.
1. and her-tekja, u, f. captivity, Stj. 75, Barl. 114.
2. tók, to capture, esp. in part. pass., Fms. i. 28, vii. 129, Eg. 234, 344, Stj. 495.
f. = hertaka.
f. captivity, Stj. 52.
m.
1) commander of troops;
2) duke.
a, m. [A. S. heretoga; Germ. herzog], originally a leader, commander, and often used so in old poets, Lex. Poët.: as a nickname, Guthormr hertogi, Hkr. Har. S. Hárf.: as a title, a duke (e. g. of Normandy); the first Norse duke was the earl Skuli, created duke A. D. 1237, vide Edda 104, Sks. 788, Gþl. 364: eccl. = prince, hertogi myrkranna, Satan, 623. 31.
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m. a turret on wheels, a war engine, Fms. x. 358.
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f. = hertýgi (?), an απ. λεγ., Hallfred.
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n. pl. armour, harness, Germ. heerzeug.
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að, to put armour on, freq. in mod. usage.
f. pl. armour.
f. pl. ‘war-weeds,’ armour, Hkm., Konr. 39.
n. pl. weapons.
n. pl. weapons, Hkr. ii. 7, Fms. vii. 147, Jb. 389.
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m. pl., poët. war-paths, Gh. 2.
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or her-verki, n. ravage, plunder, Stj. 598, Hkr. i. 85, Fms. ii. 156, ix. 396.
n. ravage, man-slaughter.
n. battle and ravage, thus defined: it is hervígi when three or more persons are slain or wounded on each side, Grág. ii. 114, 124, Fms. viii. 300: mod. a stronghold.
m. plunderer, pirate.
m. a plunderer, pirate, Fms. i. 225, v. 238, x. 282, Fas. i. 449, Stj. 573.
(-dda, -ddr), v. = herklæða.
dd, to put armour on, Edda 25.
No entry
n. a council of war, Eg. 357, Finnb. 262; but v. l. húsþing is better.
f. want of troops.
f. want of troops, Fagrsk. ch. 32.
f. ‘war-arrow’ (sent round as a to of war); skera upp ~, to summon a district to arms.
f. a ‘war-arrow,’ to be sent round as a token of war: the phrase, skera upp h., to summon to arms, Eg. 9, Fms. i. 92, vi. 24, x. 388, Fb. ii. 172, 188, Gþl. 82, cp. 433: for these customs see the remarks s. v. boð, p. 71, as also Scott’s Notes to Marmion, Canto III, on the Fiery Cross of the Scottish Clans.
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f. (spelt his, Gþl. l. c.), pl. hesjar:—a wooden frame attached to the tether of an animal, to prevent it from strangling itself; þat er ok hans handvömm ef af ofmegri verðr dautt eðr klafi kyrkir, en ef hæs (his, Gþl.) er í bandi … þá er þat eigi hans handvömm, N. G. L. i. 25, (Gþl. 502, Jb. 364, Js. 121.)
2. metaph., in mod. usage, a cow’s dewlap.
3. in mod. Norse usage hæsje (hesjar) are frames or rails on which hay or corn is put for drying; and hæsja is to dry on hæsje, vide Ivar Aasen, cp. Ný Fél. xv. 33; hence comes the provincial Icel. hisja (a verb): hisjungr and hisjungs-þerrir, m. of a soft air good for drying hay spread out on hesjar.
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að, mod. hisja, to dry hay on a hes: það hisjar í það, to be aired.
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adj. = hastr, haughty, harsh, Band. 31 new Ed.: [in parts of North. E. they speak of a hask, i. e. harsh, wind.]
n. hazel-wood.
n. [hasl], a hasel, Str. 20.
COMPDS: heslikylfa, hesliskógr, heslistöng, heslivöndr.
f. hazel club.
u, f. a hasel-club, Hkv. 2. 20.
m. hazel-wood.
m. hasel-wood, Art.
f. hazel-pole.
f. a hasel-pole, Str. 66.
m. hazel wand.
m. a hasel-wand, Str. 66.
f.
1) hasp, fastening;
2) skein (of wool).
u, f. a wisp or skein (of wool), Grág. ii. 401, K. Þ. K. 140.
II. a hasp, fastening, Fms. ii. 84, v. 120, Grett. 98, Sturl. i. 120, Bs. i. 424.
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að, to mount one; vel, ílla hestaðr, well, badly mounted.
(-s, -ar), m.
1) stallion (hestar þrír ok merhross eitt);
2) horse.
m. a horse, [this word is a contr. form of hengist, qs. hengstr; A. S. hengest; O. H. G. hengist; Germ. hengst, whence Swed.-Dan. hingst; again, contr. Swed. häst, Dan. hest: in old writers hestr mostly means a stallion, whereas hross (Engl. horse) denotes a gelding or any horse]:—a stallion, opp. to merr, a mare, Grág. i. 503, Gþl. 190, Hrafn. 5, Ám. 98 (hestar þrír ok mer-hross eitt); h. grár með fjórum merum, Ísl. ii. 213; sá hestr var sonr Hvítings, var alhvítr at lit en merarnar allar rauðar, en annarr sonr Hvítings var í Þórarínsdal, ok var sá ok hvítr en merarnar svartar, Bjarn. 55: a steed, Fms. ii. 224: a horse gener., Nj. 4, 74; lið á hestum, horsemen, Fms. x. 31, passim. The ancients valued high breeding and variety of colour in their horses, which were favourite gifts, see Gunnl. ch. 5, Bjarn. l. c., Finnb. ch. 23, Fms. vi. 383, 384; for steeds and horsemanship see Þkv. 6, Yngl. S. ch. 23, 33, Landn. 3. ch. 8, Gullþ. S. ch. 9, Harð. S. ch. 3, 4, Rm. 32, 34, cp. also Lv. ch. 6, 7, Grett. ch. 16, Dropl. 13, Finnb. ch. 23, Fms. vi. 323: mythol. the horse was sacred to Frey (the god of light and the sun), Hrafn. …
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a. horse-back.
n. horse-back, Grág. ii. 171, Ísl. ii. 382, Fms. xi. 400.
a. = hestabirgr.
adj. provided with a horse, Sturl. iii. 238.
f. armour for a war-horse.
u, f. horse harness, Sks. 403.
m. horse-gear.
m. horse gear, Sks. 374.
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adj. able to ride, Gþl. 269, Fms. x. 73.
m. set of horse shoes.
m. horse-shoes, Fms. ix. 55.
f. gift of a horse.
f. a gift of a horse, Njarð. 368.
n. horse-stall, stable.
n., proncd. hestús (as fjós = fé-hús), a horse-stall, stable, Karl. 3, Grett. 113 A, Þorst. S. St. 50, and in many compds.
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a, m. horse-head, a nickname, Landn.
m. hack.
m. a back, Glúm. 356.
a. without a horse.
adj. without a horse, Sturl. iii. 293.
n. loan of a horse.
n. the loan of a horse, Bs. ii. 30.
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n. the being without a horse.
n. race-course.
n. a race-course, Bs. ii. 182.
m. horse-shoe.
m. a horse-shoe, Fms. ix. 55, 56. hestskó-nagli, a, m. a horse-shoe nail.
f. horse’s tooth.
f. a horse’s tooth, Vígl. 20.
n. horse’s worth.
n. a horse’s worth, Karl. 10.
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n. work done by a horse, Gþl. 392.
n. = hestavíg.
n. = hestavíg, Rd. 177.
m. mounted guard (halda hestvörð).
m. a mounted guard, Fms. vii. 178, ix. 350, 351.
f. hero, dauntless man.
u, f. a hero, champion, a gallant man, Nj. 64, Lv. 36, Ld. 26, 132, Fms. xi. 89, Glúm. 367, Jd. 40.
COMPDS: hetjudiktr, hetjuljóð, hetjumóðr, hetjuskapr.
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m. a heroic poem.
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adj. heroical.
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n. a heroic poem, Jón. Þorl.
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m. heroism.
m. courage, valour.
m. championship, Fas. i. 24, Ld. ch. 11; this word, which in old writers is rather scarce, is freq. in mod. usage: also eccl., trúar-hetja, a champion of faith; hetja Guðs, a champion of God; striðs-h., a hero.
f.
1) hood;
2) a kind of cape.
u, f. [höttr], a hood, Grett. 139, Fms. iv. 359, Band. 16 new Ed., Finnb. 216, Mar.; (koll-hetta, flóka-hetta, lambhús-hetta, a hood to wear in a hard frost.)
COMPDS: hettulauss, hettusótt, hettustrútr, hettusveinar.
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adj. without a hood, Grett. 151 A.
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f., medic. chicken-pox, Dan. faare syge, Sturl. ii. 128: hydrocephalus, Fél. ix. 222.
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m. a cowl, H. E. ii. 113.
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m. pl. ‘hood-boys,’ a nickname, Hkr. iii. 449.
(dat. ~i or ~vi), n. hay;
hirða ~, to get in hay;
pl. stores of hay (hann hefir rænt mik öllum ~jum).
n., old gen. heyvi, also spelt heyfi, mod. heyi; e. g. heyvi, Grág. i. 438; heyfi, Eb. 94 new Ed. note, and passim; but heyi, Sks. 416, and so in mod. usage; gen. pl. heyja; [Goth. havi = χόρτος; A. S. hêg; Engl. hay; Hel. houwe; O. H. G. hawi; Germ. heu; Swed.-Dan. hö; Norse höy, Ivar Aasen; akin to höggva, Germ. hauen; thus hey prop. means cut grass]:—hay; mat eðr hey, hey ok matr, Nj. 73, Grág. i. 195, 438, ii. 277, Ísl. ii. 137, Sks. 416, Lv. 18 passim: also used in plur., stores of hay, fodder; beita upp engjum ok heyjum, Fms. vi. 104; gáðu þeir eigi fyrir veiðum at fá heyjanna, Landn. 30; hann hefir rænt mik öllum heyjum, Ísl. ii. 140; hann hefir eingin hey til sölu, 138; en hey fásk lítil, 132: Icel. say, slá, raka, þurka, rifja, sæta, hirða, binda hey, to mow, rake, dry, turn, cock, get in, bind the hay.
COMPDS: heyannir, heyband, heybjörg, heybruni, heydeild, heydes, heyfang, heyfátt, heyfok, heygarðr, heygjald, heygjöf, heyhjálmr, heyhlað, heyhlass, heykleggi, heykostr, heylauss, heyleiga, heyleysi, heylítill, heymeiss, heynál, heyrán, heyreki, heyrúm, heysala, heyskapr, heyskipti, heysláttr, heysótt, heystakkr, heystakkgarðr, heystál, heytak, heyteigr, heytjúga, heytollr, heytópt, heyverð, heyverk, heyvöndull, heyþerrir, heyþrot, heyþroti, heyþurkr, heyönn. …
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(-ta, -tr), v. to bury in a how (haugr), = haugfœra.
ð, [haugr], to bury in a how, Nj. 98, Fms. i. 18, x. 328, passim; vide haugr.
(hey; háða, háiðr), v.
1) to hold, conduct (~ þing, dóm); ~ gleði to indulge in mirth; ~ sér orðfjölda to acquire a store of words;
2) ~ orrostu, bardaga, hólmgöngu to fight a battle or duel (hann hafði margar orrostur háðar);
refl., ~st við (viz. bardaga), to fight, bandy words (þeir háðust þar við um stund).
að, [hey], to make hay, Bs. i. 913, freq. in mod. usage; h. vel (ílla), to get in a good (bad) crop of hay; h. fyrir kýr, ær, hesta, to make hay, as fodder for cows, etc.; and metaph., heyja af fyrir sér, to support oneself, live from hand to mouth.
(hey; háða, háiðr), v.
1) to hold, conduct (~ þing, dóm); ~ gleði to indulge in mirth; ~ sér orðfjölda to acquire a store of words;
2) ~ orrostu, bardaga, hólmgöngu to fight a battle or duel (hann hafði margar orrostur háðar);
refl., ~st við (viz. bardaga), to fight, bandy words (þeir háðust þar við um stund).
pres. hey, heyr, heyr, mod. heyi, heyir; pret. háði; pret. pass. háiðr (háinn, Glúm. 394), neut. háit, contr. hát, mod. háðr, háð:—to hold, perform:
1. a law term, to discharge a public duty; heyja þing, dóm, sókn, etc., of any lawful and public duty, as goði, judge, neighbour, witness, and the like, whence every franklin is styled þing-heyjandi; heyja þing, Grág. i. 102, 103, 114; á várþingi því er hann heyr, K. Þ. K. 46; þá skal hann segja til á leið þeirri er hann heyr, Grág. i. 95, 127; á því einu várþingi á hann útlegðir er hann heyr sjálfr, 12; rétt er bónda at senda mann til þings at heyja þing fyrir sik, 102, cp. 103, 114, 115; ok mátti þingit eigi heyjask at lögum, Jb. 8; h. dóm, háði Snorri goði féránsdóm, Eb. 302; háðu þeir féránsdóm eptir klerkinn (høðu MS.), Bs. i. 492 (cp. hðo, Skálda 168), Hrafn. 19; þá er leið háið (fem. part.) er upp er sagt, Grág. i. 165; at háðum dómum, id.; fyrir háða dóma, 161; ok varð eigi háinn féránsdómrinn, Glúm. 394; h. heimting, Grág. ii. 391; h. lög, Bs. i. 692 old Ed., heyra new Ed.; h. sóknir, háðu vér sóknir fyr dauðligum konungi, Blas. 30; h. launþing, to hold a secret meeting, Hbl. 30; h. leik, to play, Korm. …
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t, [húka, hokinn], to bend, sink, cower down; hestrinn heyktist undir honum, MS. 489. 45; heyktisk hann við ok nær í úvit, Sturl. iii. 177.
(-ða, -ðr), v.
1) to hear;
~ heyrir þat, er gras grœr á jörðu, hears the grass grow;
~ illa, hard of hearing;
~ e-t til e-s, to hear (a sound) from one;
hefir hvárki heyrt til hans styn né hosta, neither groan nor cough has been heard from him;
heyrir blástr (acc.) hans í alla heima, when he blows, it can he heard in all the worlds;
2) to listen to, give ear to;
~ bœn e-s, to listen to (to grant) one’s prayer;
~ á e-t, to listen (= hlýða á e-t);
3) ~ til e-s or e-m til, to belong to, concern (þetta mál, er heyrir til dóttur þinnar);
þat er til mín heyrir, as far as I am concerned;
4) with dat. to behave (mér heyrir eigi at þegja við yðr);
5) refl. e-m heyrist e-t, one thinks he hears;
þá heyrðist þeim öllum sem sveinninn kvæði þetta, they all thought they heard the boy say this (verse).
ð, in Norse MSS. höyra (eyra, dropping the h, N. G. L. i. 220), [Ulf. hausjan = ἀκούειν; A. S. hyran; Hel. hôrjan; Engl. hear; O. H. G. horan; Germ. hören; Dan. höre; Swed. höra]:—to hear; the notion of hearing being taken to imply motion towards a place, cp. Germ. zu-hören, Icel. heyra til, Engl. hearken to, Scot. hear till; at þeir heyrðu eðr sá atburðina, Fms. vii. 226, Nj. 13, Grág. i. 56, Sks. 554; nú heyra þeir til liðs konungsins hvar þat fór, Fb. ii. 128; hann heyrir þat er gras vex á jörðu, Edda 17; h. messu, tíðir, to hear mass, attend service, Fms. ix. 500; h. húslestr, id.; menn vildu eigi h. (hear, believe) at hann mundi fallit hafa, x. 364; heyrðu þeir snörgl nokkut til rekkju Þóreyjar, Fs. 144; hefir hvárki heyrt til hans styn né hósta, Nj. 2; þeir heyrðu blástr til drekanna, Gullþ. 8; hann heyrði þangat mikinn glaum, Eb. 28; heyrðu þeir hark mikit í búrit, 266; heyrit fádæmi, Háv. 45; heyr endemi (q. v.); sem nú hefir þú heyrt, as thou hast now heard, Sks. 714.
2. to hearken; þeirra bæn var eigi fyrr heyrð, Fms. …
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(pl. -endr), m. hearer; í heyranda (gen. pl.) hljóði, in the hearing of all, in public.
part. a hearer, Grett. 133 (opt er í holti heyrandi nær, vide holt): plur. heyrendr, hearers, at a meeting, church, or the like, Post. 645. 92, Bs. i. 741; hence the law phrase, í heyranda (gen. pl.) hljóði, in the hearing of all, in public, Nj. 15, Grág. i. 19, passim.
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a, m. = heyrandi, N. T.
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a, m. [akin to heyrum, q. v., and not to be derived from heyra; cp. Engl. hireling; A. S. hyrigman, hyrling = domestic retainer]:—a Norse law term, a neighbour, a domestic; it appears almost to answer to Icel. búi; þá skal hann á þing leiða heyringja sína (as witnesses), N. G. L. i. 21; settu þeir tólf manna dóm eptir ok tvá heyringja, ok létu dæma, D. N. ii. 4.
a. well known, known to all.
(heyrum-kunnr, N. G. L. i. 232, Bjarn. 42, both paper MSS., as also in mod. usage), adj. known, reported, Fms. i. 103, Nj. 139, Stj. 421; frægt ok h., famous and well known, 87, passim.
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n. an old law phrase, which is probably = heyringja-orð, the word or verdict of a heyringi (not from heyra, qs. hearsay); sækja við tylftar-kvið eða við heyrin-orð fimm landeiganda, Grág. ii. 146; skal sækja við váttorð ef hann heyrir á, en ella við fimm manna heyrinorð eða tylftar-kvið, Kb. (l. c.) ii. 182.
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adv. openly, 656 C. 2: fittingly; óheyriliga, cruelly.
a. becoming; mér er heyriligt at, it is incumbent on me to.
adj. becoming, Stj. 502: incumbent, Fms. vi. 388.
f. hearing; í ~ e-m, in one’s hearing; sumt ritaði hann eptir sjálfs síns ~, from what he heard himself.
f. hearing:
1. the sense of hearing, 623. 57; heyrn, sýn, Grág. ii. 16, Eluc. 54; mál, sýn, heyrn, Fms. i. 97, N. T., Pass. 32. 4, 41. 10, passim.
COMPDS: heyrnar-daufr, -lítill, adj. rather deaf, hard of hearing. heyrnar-lauss, adj. ‘hearing-less,’ deaf. heyrnar-leysi, n. deafness.
2. hearing; sumt ritaði hann eptir sjálfs síns heyrn eðr syn, something he wrote from his own hearing or sight, Fms. vii. 226.
β. í heyrn e-m, in one’s hearing, Stj. 689, Bjarn. 33, 43, Fms. xi. 287; á-heyrn, q. v.
3. metaph. ears, as it seems = hlust; eyra is properly the outer ear, heyrn and hlust the inner part; heyrn eða hlust, Edda (Arna-Magn.) ii. 430; hneigja heyrn at e-u, to incline the ears to, Lb. 3; heyrn er þeim hægri sljó, Pass. 7. 12.
COMPDS: heyrnagnípur, heyrnaspann.
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f. pl., poët. ‘ear-crags,’ i. e. the head, Eg. (in a verse).
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n. ‘ear-basket,’ i. e. the ear, Ad. 20.
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dat. pl. of an obsolete heyrar; variously spelt, hörum (i. e. hørum, which seems to be the best form), herum, hærum; even with r inserted, hreyrom, Kb. ii. 178, hrörom, Sb. ii. 389, no doubt erroneously, prob. from the original having eo = ø, which the transcriber read as ro, (see Gramm. p. xxxv, signif. B. I. K.) The word probably means of the homestead or family, domestic (cp. A. S. hyred = family, Engl. hire, Dan. hyre, vide heyringi above): it occurs a few times in the Grág., and is used only of neighbours, in the law phrase, réttir at heyrum; (in Kb. i. 62, the point should stand after hærum, and the new sentence begin with the following word); also, sækja … við heyrinorð fimm landeiganda þeirra er réttir sé í kviðum at hörom við aðilja, Grág. (Sb.) ii. 146; þá skal búa kveðja þá er næstir búa þingvelli þeirra manna er réttir sé at hrom, Sb. ii. 93; þeirra er réttir sé at skuldleikum ok at hreyrum, Kb. ii. 178 (l. c.); búendr skal kveðja fyrr en griðmenn ef til þess eru, þá er næstir eru þar, ok þá er at hærom sé réttir, 85; nema sá teli er réttr væri í kviðnum at hærom, i. …
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adj. = hveskr, courteous, Art. passim.
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m. a stack-yard, Grág. ii. 340.
f. pl. hay-making time, haying season.
f. pl. haymaking time (July, August), Edda (Gl.), Hrafn. 25.
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n. a binding hay into trusses.
f. stores of hay (varð all-lítil ~ manna).
f. stores of hay, Ísl. ii. 131, 138.
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a, m. a burning of hay, Ann.
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f. a distribution of hay, Grág. ii. 275.
f. hay-rick.
f. a hay-rick (vide des), Sturl. i. 83, 195, Bs. i. 54.
n. produce of hay.
n. produce of hay, Sturl. iii. 271.
a. n., var ~, there was little hay.
n. adj. falling short of hay, Rd. 211.
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n. = heyreki.
m. stack-yard.
m. a stack-yard, Grág. ii. 249, Njarð. 384, Fb. i. 523.
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n. payment in hay, Grág. ii. 276.
f. giving hay (to horses or cows).
f. hay fodder, Boll. 348, Sturl. iii. 292.
m. hay-rick.
m. a hay-rick, Fms. vii. 298.
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n. a hay-cock, N. G. L. i. 256, Jb. 256.
n. load of hay.
n. a load of hay, Eb. 188, K. Á. 176.
m. = heydes.
a, m. = heydes, Fb. i. 523, Háv. 53.
m. stores of hay.
m. stores of hay, Ísl. ii. 136.
a. short of hay.
adj. short of hay.
f. rent paid in hay.
u, f. rent paid in hay, Ísl. ii. 131.
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n. a failure in hay, Krók. 37.
a. short hay; var hey-litit, there was little hay.
adj. short of hay, Bs. i. 873.
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m. a hay box, D. N.
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f. a hay-hook, used instead of a hay-knife.
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n. plunder of hay, Eb.
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a, m. the tossing of hay by the wind, = mod. heyfok, Grág. ii. 275.
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n. a hay-loft, Grág. ii. 340.
f. sale of hay.
u, f. sale of hay, Jb. 223.
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m. haymaking.
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n. a sharing of hay, Grág. ii. 259.
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m. haymaking, Gþl. 410.
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f. hay-fever, a horse’s disease.
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m. a haystack,
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n. the middle of a hay-cock, Ísl. ii. 69.
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n. and hey-taka, u, f. plunder of hay, Eb. 154, Gþl. 545.
m. strip of a hayfield.
m. a strip of a hay-field, Sturl. ii. 29.
f. pitchfork.
n. [Dan. hötyv], a pitch-fork, Hkr. i. 24.
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m. a hay toll, to be paid to a church, Dipl. v. 12, Vm. 115.
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f. = heygarðr.
n. payment for hay.
n. compensation for h., Fms. iii. 210, Eb. 154.
n. hay making.
n. haymaking, Gull. 21, Eb. 152, Nj. 103, Bs. i. 46, Glúm. 343.
m. wisp of hay.
m. a wisp of hay, Boll. 348.
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m. a ‘hay-breeze,’ air for drying hay.
n. want of hay.
n. want of hay, Ísl. ii. 132.
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m. a being short of hay, Ísl. ii. 133.
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m. a drying of hay.
f. = heyannir.
f. = heyannir, Grág. ii. 261, Edda 103. ☞ For haymaking and hay stores see the Sagas passim, Hænsaþ. ch. 4, Eb. ch. 30, 37, 51, 63, Grett. ch. 50, Orms Þ. Fb. i. 522, Heiðarv. S. ch. 25, Háv. pp. 46, 47, Gísl. 14, 22, Nj. ch. 47, 77, and p. 192, and Mr. Dasent’s remarks on Icel. ‘hayneed,’ Burnt Njal cxii, Grág., esp. the Landbr. Þ. passim.
adv.
1) hence, from this place;
2) fyrir ~ hafit, on the hither side of the sea;
3) henceforth; ~ í frá, hereafter.
adv., hieðan in an old vellum, 655 x. 2, which shews that the pronunciation was the same then as now, [A. S. heonan; North. E. hein and hine; cp. Germ. hin]:—hence, from this place, Gm. 28, Ls. 7, Skm. 38, Hbl. 13, Am. 36, Nj. 32, Jb. 10, Grág. i. 150, Edda 8; fyrir héðan e-t, on the hither side, Symb. 30; fyrir héðan hafit, on the hither side of the sea, Fas. ii. 240.
II. temp. henceforth, Fms. vi. 279, xi. 84; héðan frá, héðan í frá (mod. héðan af), hereafter, Nj. 83, Ísl. ii. 237. héðan-kváma, u, f. departure from hence, Fas. ii. 121 (in a verse).
(dat. heðni), m. jacket of fur or skin; vefja (or veifa) heðni at höfði e-m, to wrap a skin round one’s head, to hoodwink one.
m., dat. héðni, [akin to haðna, q. v.], a jacket of fur or skin, Hm. 72; úlf-héðinn, wolf-coat, Fs. 77, the name of a berserker, 17; geit-héðinn, a goat’s skin coat, Nj. 211; bjarn-héðinn, a bear’s skin coat; the phrase, veifa héðni at höfði e-m, to wrap a skin round one’s head, to hoodwink one, Eb. 32 new Ed., Grett. ch. 66, Ó. H. 139: héðin-stykki, n. a piece of fur, D. N.
II. a mythical pr. name, Edda, Lex. Poët.: in compds, Bjarn-héðinn, Úlf-héðinn, Skarp-héðinn, Bs., Landn., Nj.
adv. here, hither.
adv. [Ulf. hidre = ωδε], hither or here; héðra nær, Landn. 146; mönnum héðra, the men here, Dropl. 22; hann ferr héðra at heimboðum, Boll. 346, Fms. vi. 428 (in a verse).
(að), v. to speak falsely; ~ á e-n, to slander one.
að, to speak falsely, vainly; Þorbjörn kvað eigi hégómað frá, Th. said it was not untrue, Háv. 45; h. ok ljúga, Stj. 34, 131, 150, Bs. ii. 137; h. á e-n, to slander one, Mag.
f. vain-glory.
f. vain-glory, Bs. i. 373, Stj. 146.
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n. a vain life, Hom. 93.
m. charlatan, quack.
m. a charlatan, liar, Karl. 274: mod. a vain, idle person.
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n, a vain speech, Fms. iv. 258, xi. 248.
n. empty name, sham name.
n. an empty name, sham name, Hkr. ii. 268.
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n. vain labour, Stj. 298.
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adv. vainly.
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adj. vain, false, Stj. 142; h. dyrð, Al. 130; h. kenning, 623. 19, Sks. 620; h. guðir, Stj. 449; h. fortala, Anecd. 3; heimsk ok h., MS. 673. 46; h. draumar, Bret.: h. viðrlagning, superfluous addition, Skálda 187.
I)
f. hoar frost, rime.
II)
(héldi, héldr), v. to cover with rime; to fall as rime.
d, to be covered with rime, Edda 3; hlýr hélir, Lex. Poët.: part. héldr, icy, poët. epithet of ships, the sea; héldir húfar, hélt haf, Lex. Poët.
I)
f. hoar frost, rime.
II)
(héldi, héldr), v. to cover with rime; to fall as rime.
u, f. [Lat. gelu], hoar frost, rime, Hkv. 2. 42, Edda 85, Stj. 292, Barl. 198.
COMPDS: hélufall, hélufrost, hélukaldr, héluskúr, héluþoka.
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adj. [héla], hoary, Lex. Poët., freq.
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a, m. a ‘hoary-prow,’ poët. a ship, Edda (Gl.): of a horse, Nj. (in a verse).
n. fall of rime.
n. a fall of rime, Gísl. 67.
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n. a rime frost.
a. rime-cold.
adj. rime cold, Sks. 41.
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f. a rime shower, Stj. 292.
f. rime-fog, mist.
u, f. a rime fog, mist, Sturl. i. 179.
adv.
1) here;
á landi ~, in this country;
~ ok hvar, here and there;
2) here, hither (margir þeir er ~ koma);
3) with preps.:
~ af, here from, from this;
~ eptir, hereafter, according to this;
~ fyrir, for this, therefore;
~ til, hereto;
~ um, in this, as regards this.
adv. (spelt hier, Greg. 79), [Ulf. her = ωδε, hirjiþ = δευτε, hidre = ωδε; A. S. he; Engl. here; Germ. hier; Dan. her; the long root vowel indicates a contraction, cp. heðra, Engl. hither]:—here; mun þín sæmd þar meiri en hér, Nj. 10; á landi hér, in this county here, Íb. 5, 12, 14–16; as also, hér í sveit, hér í bæ, hér á þingi, etc., hér í héraði, Fs. 33; þeir vildu eigi vesa hér við heiðna menn, Íb. 4; vetri fyrr en Kristni væri hér lögtekin, 15; mönnum hér, people here, 10; áðr vóru hér slík lög of þat sem í Noregi, 13; hér út, out here, i. e. here in Iceland, Grág. i. 215; hér ok hvar, here and there, Fms. ix. 362, Sks. 192, Fs.; hér eru nú höfðingjar margir á þingi, Nj. 3.
2. for hither, cp. Engl. come here! nú er hann hér kominn, Niðrst. 6; fyrr en Kristni kom hér á Ísland, Íb. 9; margir þeir er hér koma, Fs. 100; hér eru ok tignarklæði er hón sendi þér, Nj. 6; er þér hér nú minja-griprinn, 203.
II. metaph. here, in this case; hér er þó betr á komit, Nj. 91; mun hér ok svá, 76.
2. with prep.; hér af, here-from, henceforth; …
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n.
1) district;
2) country, opp. to bœr (town).
or hierat, n., pl. héruð or héröð, spelt hieroþ in the vellum, 656 C. 9, 673 A. 53, and in O. H. L. Cod. Upsal. hærað, see p. 113: [hérað is undoubtedly derived from herr (A. S. here), a host, and not from hér, here; the long vowel (é) is prob. caused by the characteristic j in her-r (herj-); so that hierað (hérað), through the after effect of the i sound, stands for heriað; cp. Dan. herred, Swed. härad: the Old Engl. and Scot. law term heriot may also be connected with the Scandin. word, in which case the original sense of hérað might be a tax to be paid to the lord in lieu of military service: the inflex. -að is derived from auðr, óðal, as has been suggested by the old commentators, e. g. Björn á Skarðsá]:—a county, district:
1. in Sweden esp. the word had and still has a fixed legal sense, county, jurisdiction, or the like, cp. Swed. härads-höfding = justice of peace, härads-ting = assize, härads-fogde = bailiff: so in local names, e. g. Dan. Thy-herred in Jutland, Kvenna-hérað, Vetta-h., in Norway, Hálfs. S., Fb. iii.
2. in Norway hérað, country, was usually opp. …
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a, m. a franklin, Eg. 516, Sturl. iii. 259.
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f. a bettering the affairs of a district, Lv. 45, Fs. 51 (where = mod. landhreinsun).
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m., for the pun see Glúm. 375.
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f. a county and its people, Lv. 49, Sturl. iii. 81.
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f. a county quarrel, Sturl. ii. 154.
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m. a county court, Grág. i. 117, 452.
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adj. (-fleyttr, N. G. L. i. 352), rumoured abroad, of news; þá eru sakir héraðfleygjar er meiri hlutr hefir spurt þingheyjanda í þeim hrepp er sakir koma upp ok hyggi menn at satt sé, Grág. ii. 101.
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a, m. flight or exile from a district, Korm. 48.
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m. a county assize, Nj. 120, Sturl. iii. 160.
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u, f. a passing on the poor from one district to another, Grág. i. 229.
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adj. = héraðsvært, N. G. L. ii. 454.
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a, m. a chieftain, = goði (q. v.), Eb. 156, Fs. 80; cp. yfirmaðr héraðs, 4.
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m. a Norse term, a country franklin (= Icel. sveitabóndi), Fagrsk. ch. 16.
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u, f. = héraðsvist, Sturl. iii. 260.
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u, f. a parish church (Norse), N. G. L. i. 344, Fms. x. 153.
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u, f. a woman of the county (Norse), N. G. L. i. 234.
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m. a kinglet, Hkr. i. 46.
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m. people of the district, 625. 72.
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m. pl. men of the district, Grág. i. 253; in Norse sense country-people, as opp. to bæjarmenn, town-people, Gþl. 264, N. G. L. ii. 88, passim.
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m. a parish priest, N. G. L. i. 346.
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m. = héraðsdómr, N. G. L. ii. 88.
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a, m. a knight of the district, Róm. 309.
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adj. of influence in one’s district, Ld. 298, Grett. 121 A, Ísl. ii. 402.
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adj. banished from the district, Grág. i. 501.
a. outlawed within a district.
adj. a law term, exiled from a district or jurisdiction, opp. to exiled from the country, Nj. 156, Sturl. i. 145, ii. 92; hann var görr h. svá víða sem vötn féllu til Skagafjarðar, Fs. 34; hann var h. ok skyldi búa eigi nær en í Hörgár-dal, Glúm. 390, cp. Landn. 286.
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f. exile, the being héraðs-sekr, opp. to utanferðir, Nj. 189, 256, Grett. 120, Sturl. ii. 255.
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f. a county action (suit), opp. to a suit in alþingi, Grág. i. 452, Jb. 10, 353.
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u, f. a county assize (Norse), D. N. iii. 120.
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f. county government, Ísl. ii. 125; talaði Einarr langt erindi um h., Glúm. 372 (public affairs).
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n. the borders of a territory, Grág. ii. 404.
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f. abiding within a certain h., Eb. 252; láta h. sína = to be héraðssekr, Grett. 120, Nj. 228.
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n. adj.; eiga h., being at liberty to reside within a district, Glúm. 382, not being héraðssekr.
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n. a county assize (cp. Swed. härads ting), Eb. 12; used as synonymous with várþing, in opp. to alþingi, Grág. ii. 96, Fms. i. 77, Jb. (Norse), N. G. L. ii. 138.
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a, m. [A. S. hara; Engl. hare; Germ. hase; Dan. hare]:—a hare, Karl. 518, Pr. 479, Orkn. 426, Sks. 186, MS. 1812. 18: in the phrase, hafa héra hjarta, to be hare-hearted, Fms. ii. 68, viii. 314, Bs. i. 782. héra-fótr, m., prop. a herb, hare’s foot, trefoil: nickname of a Danish king, Harefoot.
II. in the saying in Fms. vii. 116 the word héri seems to be = hegri (q. v.), a heron.
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m. a native of this county, Hkr. ii. 266.
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adj.
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part. ‘here-born,’ in-born, N. G. L. i. 84.
f. arrival.
u, f. arrival, Fms. i. 281.
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adv. here in this county.
a. domestic, native, opp. to útlenzkr (foreign).
adj. native, home-made, Pm. 109.
a. domestic, native, opp. to útlenzkr (foreign).
adj. from this county, native of this county, Fms. i. 78, x. 226, Gþl. 87, Stj.
adv. here (= hér).
adv., herno, Fms. (Ágrip) x. 409:—here (see Gramm. p. xxviii, col. 2, signif. II), Fms. vii. 197; sé hérna, see here now! behold! Ísl. ii. 364, Stj. 22, 62: hérna, instead of hér, is very freq. in conversation; herno, konungr (behold, O king!), fögnuðr er oss á, attú ert svá kátr, Fms. x. 409.
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adj. = hérlenzkr, N. G. L. ILLEGIBLE. 88.
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u, f. superstition; see heimskr:
f. dwelling here.
f. dwelling here, Fms. vii. 26, Fas. i. 182; h. Drottins, the Lord’s life on earth, 625. 92.
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(or hé-gylja), u, f. a ‘vain song,’ nonsense, tittle-tattle, = Lat. nugae; þeir tala drambsöm orð hégyljunnar, 2 Pet. ii. 18.
m. falsehood, jolly nonsense; segja hégóm á e-n, to slander one.
a, m. [the prefixed syllable hé- in hégómi and hégilja has no independent existence, but seems to be identical with Goth. hivi (by which word Ulf. renders the Gr. μόρφωσις, 2 Tim. iii. 5), A. S. hiv, Engl. hue, denoting outward appearance, with a notion of falseness; thus hégómi literally denotes whatever is false to the touch or taste, hé- and gómr, q. v.]:
I. a cobweb, litter, dust, esp. within doors; reykr, hégómi, fölski, fys, fjúkandi lauf og strá, Hallgr., freq. in mod. usage; it can only be accidental that the word is not found in old writers.
II. metaph. falsehood, folly, nonsense; var þat ekki nema hégómi vándra manna, Fms. ix. 449 (v. l. to lygi ein); sumir lásu bækr fyrir honum til þessa hégóma (nonsense), 460, v. l.; en Svíar mæla þessu í mót ok telja hégóma at þar hafi menn farizk, Ó. H. 18; en vér höfum setið hér at hégóma hans ok ginningum, Ld. 322; mikill h., great nonsense, Fms. vi. 445; af alvöru eðr af hégóma, Eg. 729; mæla tál ok hégóma, Nj. 358; h. ok uppslátta, Fms. ix. 285; þú segisk elska mik, en þat er þó ekki nema h. þinn, Stj. 417; hyggja hégóma, to think foolishly, Hom. …
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adj. = himneskr, Post. 481, 510.
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n. faltering, hik-laust, n. adj. without wavering; see hvika.
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að, to falter, = hvika, q. v.
(-s, -ar), m. chief, hero.
m., poët. a war king, Hm. 154, Hkv. 2. 10, Edda 105, passim: a pr. name, Fas.
(gen. hildar, dat. and acc. hildi), f. battle (poet.); vekja bildi, to wage war, to fight.
f., dat. and acc. hildi, [A. S. hild; Hel. hildi; prob. akin to hjaldr, q. v.]:—battle, only in poetry; heilir hildar til, heilir hildi frá, Hm. 157; vekja hildi, to wage war, Hkv. 2. 6; hefja hildi, to begin a battle, Hkm. 2; er hildr þróask, when war waxes, Stor. 13; hörð h., a hard fight; bjóða hildi, to offer battle; ganga í hildi, to go into battle; semja, fremja hildi, to wage war, Lex. Poët. In poetry a shield is called hildar-ský, hildar-vé, hildar-veggr. 2. name of one of the Valkyrias (see Valkyrja), who were regarded as the handmaids of Odin, Vsp. 22, Gm. 36; Hildr is also represented as a daughter of the mythical king Högni and the bride of Héðin, whose life is recorded in the tale of Hjaðninga-víg, Edda 89, 90: hence war is called Hildar-leikr, m. the game of H., Bm. 1, passim.
II. in pr. names; it is rare as a prefix in northern names, but freq. in old Germ.: of men, Hildir, Hildi-björn, Hildi-brandr, Hildi-grímr, Hild-ólfr; of women, Hildr, Hildi-gunnr, Hildi-ríðr: again, it often forms the latter part in female names, and often spelt or sounded without the aspirate, Ás-hildr, Bryn-hildr, Böðv-ildr, Dóm-hildr, Ey-ildr, Geir-hildr, Grím-hildr, Gunn-hildr, Hrafn-hildr, Matt-ildr (for. …
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a, h. a kind of hawk, Edda (Gl.)
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t, in the phrase, það hillir undir e-ð, to be (as it were) upheaved or lifted in the air, e. g. of an object (a person, tree) seen on the edge of a hill against the sky, e. g. það hillir undir hann á brúninni.
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u, f. a shelf, freq. in mod. usage; búr-hilla, a pantry shelf.
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f. pl. a Norse local name, akin to hilla and hjalli.
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f. pl. upheaving, esp. of a mirage, when rocks and islands look as if lifted above the level of the sea.
(gen. -is), m. chief, prince.
m., poët., prop. a helmsman, whence a ruler, king, Ýt., Hkv., Lex. Poët. passim.
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m. a smell, = ilmr, q. v., Hom. p. 58, Fms. (Ágrip) x. 280 sqq.
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m. a helper, N. G. L. ii. 343, of a midwife.
n. great northern diver.
mod. himbrimi, m. the ember goose, colymbus glacialis, Edda (Gl.), Eggert Itin.; cp. Norse Hymbern, Faroic imbrim, Shetl. immer.
(gen. himins, dat. himni; pl. himnar), m. heaven; undir berum himini, in the open air.
m. [the form hifinn occurs rarely, Fms. x. 10 (v. l.), Hb. (1866) thrice; the mod. form is himin, without the inflexive n; the root consonant varies between m and f (or v), the final between n and l, cp. Goth. himins, A. S. heofon, Engl. heaven, Hel. himil, O. H. G. himila, Germ. as also mod. Dan. and Swed. himmel; this interchange of f and m is analogous to ‘of’ and ‘um’ (umb), ‘sofa’ and ‘sömn’ (i. e. svefn), ‘kufl’ and ‘kumbl,’ Lat. sopio and somnus, etc. ☞ The mythol. Gimle (Vsp. 63) is probably dat. of an obsolete himil derived from the time when the initial h was still sounded gutturally]:—heaven; in the old heathen creed the heavenly vault was the skull of the giant Ymir, Gm. 40, Vþm. 21, Edda sub init.; and is called by the poets ‘the giant’s skull,’ ‘the burden of the dwarfs’ (vide dvergr), etc.; the heavens were nine, the names of which are recorded in Edda (Gl.):—Níu eru himnar á hæð talðir, cp. Alm. 12, 13; upp-h., the ether, Vsp. 3; nú heldr jörð griðum upp, en himinn varðar fyrir ofan en hafit Rauða fyrir útan er liggr um lönd öll, Grág. …
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m. = himinhringr, Jónas 53.
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n. a ‘belt of heaven,’ zone.
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and Himin-fjöll, n. pl. a mythical local name, Gm., Hkv., Ýt.
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a, m. the blue sky, Jónas 64.
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adj. sky-blue, Jónas 137.
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m. a breath or whiff of air, Jónas 120, cp. Pass. 25. 10.
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a, m. the arch or vault of heaven, Jónas 99.
f. = himinrauf.
u, f. = himinrauf, Skálda 209.
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part. heaven-born.
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m., mythol. name of an ox, ‘heaven-breaker,’ Edda 35.
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a, m. a heaven-dweller, an angel.
a. fixed in heaven (of stars).
adj. fixed in heaven, of stars, Stj. 12.
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m. the void, the universe, Jónas 167.
m. heavenly beam.
a, m. heavenly beams, Sól. 72.
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u, f. one of the northern Nereids, Edda 101.
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adj., poët. the ‘ring’ of heaven, Jónas 53.
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n. the vault of heaven, the sky.
m. the rim of heaven.
m. the corner, brim (jaðarr, jöðurr) of heaven, = himinskaut, Vsp. 5 (απ. λεγ.) This, no doubt, is the correct form, not himin-jó-dýr (heaven-horse-beasts) or himin-jó-dur (heaven-horse-doors).
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m. a heavenly globe.
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m. pl. the props, pillars of heaven, Ó. H. (in a verse).
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a, m. heavenly light, Lex. Poët.
f. pl. the windows of heaven.
f. pl. the sluices of heaven, Skálda 210, Mar. 10.
n. kingdom of heaven.
n. [Dan. himmerige; Germ. himmelreich], the kingdom of heaven, Gþl. 42, Edda 149 (pref.), Th. 28; himinríkis-dyrr, -hirð, -höll, -innganga, -vist, Hom., Mar., Bs. passim; himinríkis maðr, an heir of the kingdom of heaven, 677. 3; but in mod. usage himnaríki(see himinn 2) is more usual.
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a, m. the redness of the sky, Matth. xvi. 2.
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part. = Gr. διϊπετής, Od.
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m. = himinsól, Lex. Poët.
n. quarter of heaven.
n. the sheet of heaven, a quarter of heaven, Lat. plaga caeli, Hdl. 14, Skv. 1. 10, passim.
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n. a heavenly shining, Jónas 115.
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f. the sun in heaven.
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a, m. (-stýrir, m.), the ruler of heaven, God, Lex. Poët.
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f. pl. the stars in heaven, Jónas 122.
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u, f. the targe of heaven, the sun, Þd. 4.
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n. a canopy. Am. 106.
n. heavenly body.
n. pl. the heavenly bodies, Hkr. ii. 288, Rb. 66, 108, passim; himintungla far, h. gangr (ganga), Stj., Rb.
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a, m. the mead of heaven, the sky, Hkv. 1. 15.
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f. dwelling in heaven, Lex. Poët.
a. heavenly.
adj. (hifneskr, Fms. x. 392), heavenly, Sks., Bs., N. T., Pass., Vídal. passim.
f. hind (female of hjörtr).
f. [A. S. hind; Engl. hind; Germ. hinde; Dan. hind]:—a hind, Lat. cerva, the female of hjörtr, Karl. 45, freq.: hindar-kálfr, m. a hind’s calf, a fawn, Bret. ch. 19; Hindar-fjall, n. Hind’s-fell, a mountain, Fas., Fm.
II. [prob. a different word, akin to Goth. hinþan, Swed. hinna = to find], skill, grace; in the phrase, með hind, artfully, gracefully, as in the ditty: Það er að segja af Sigurði Blind | samdi hann ljóð um hverja kind, | sá hann hvorki sól né vind, | seggjum þótt’ ‘ann kveða með hind; esp. freq. in poets of the 16th and 17th centuries.
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gen. as adv. the day after to-morrow, N. G. L. i. 23; see hindri.
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n. = hindran, Stj. 262.
(að), v.
1) to keep behind, hinder;
2) to loiter, linger; ~ eptir e-u, to loiter about a thing;
3) impers., e-n ~r e-t, one wants or lacks a thing.
að, [A. S. hinderjan; Engl. hinder; Germ. hindern; Dan. hindra; Swed. hindra]
I. prop. to keep behind, hinder, Stj. 138; h. eðr tálma, Dipl. i. 4, Bs. i. 689.
II. pass. to be impeded, Fms. vii. 144, xi. 423.
2. to halt, loiter, Stj. 172, Mar.: to go astray, to be wrong, Fbr. 78 new Ed., Bs. i. 820: to lose time, loiter about a thing, meira mun nú annat til framkvaemdar en hindrask eptir þessu, Sturl. iii. 157; cp. hindrvitni below.
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f. a hindrance, Stj. 9.
a. compar. (rare), hindra dags, the next day.
compar., superl. HINZTR, [cp. Ulf. hindar = ὀπίσω, πέραν, A. S. and Engl. hinder, O. H. G. hintar, Germ. hinter; cp. also A. S. hindan, Engl. be-hind]:—the hinder, hindmost, latter, latest, only in poetry:
I. the compar. occurs only as an απ. λεγ. in hindra dags, the day after to-morrow, Hm. 109, and hindar-dags, N. G. L. i. 23.
II. superl., hinnzta sinni, for the last time: in prose, vér gengum á land innsta (i. e. hinzta) sinni, Fms. vii. 149; þá er hann fór inzta sinni til Jórsala, 625. 191: in poetry, Sól. 41, Fas. i. 428; hinztr fuudr, the last meeting, Hkv. Hjörv. 40; hinzt kveðja, Am. 45; hinzt bæn, Skv. 3. 62.
f. idolatry, superstition.
f. ‘hinder-knowledge,’ idolatry, superstition, nonsense, Bs. i. 165, Hkr. ii. 176; flærð heiðingligrar hindrvitni, Fb. i. 513; ef hann trúir á þat heldr en annat fé, eða ferr hann með h., K. Þ. K. 78.
adv. hither.
also spelt higat (Eg. 51, Nj. 227, Fms. i. 189, Stj. 27, 35) and hegat (Ísl. ii. 270, Gþl. 272), prob. only by dropping the mark of abbreviation (¯) above the line (hīgat, hēgat), as seen from old rhymes such as hingat fyrir konu bing, Eb. 73 new Ed.:—hither, Lat. huc, Íb. 5, Nj. 2, Grág. i. 189, Fms. i. 72, x. 18; hingat ok þangat, hither and thither, to and fro, viii. 39, Stj. 35, 284, Blas. 40; hón vissi löngum ekki hingat, i. e. she was in a senseless state, Bs. i. 384.
2. temp., hingat til, hitherto, 619. 73.
B. COMPDS: hingatburðr, hingatferð, hingatflutningr, hingatkváma, hingatspaning.
m. the birth of Christ.
m. the birth of Christ, 625. 82, Skálda 210, Fms. i. 109, xi. 468, Stj. 27 (hegat-burðr), passim.
f. journey hither.
and hingat-för, f. a journey hither, Eb. 144, Fms. x. 17, xi. 105.
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m. carrying hither, Fr.
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u, f. a coming hither, arrival, Fms. vi. 394, v. 291: eccl., of Christ, Rb. 84, Stj. passim.
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f. = hingatkváma, Niðrst. 6.
(að), v. to limp, hobble.
að, [Germ. hinken], to limp, hobble, Fs. 159; see hvika.
n. loitering, delay.
n. a limping, hobbling, Ísl. ii. 147.
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að, to halt, stop a bit; h. við, to halt, freq. in mod. usage.
I)
(hin, hitt), dem. pron.
1) the other; á hinn fótinn, on the other leg; pl. the others, the rest (Kimbi bar sár sín engan mun betr en hinir);
2) emphatically, that; hitt ek hugða, that was what I thought; hitt vil ek vita, that I want to know.
II)
(hin, hit), def. art., before an adjective standing alone or followed by a substantive, the, = inn, enn (eptir hinni eystri kvísl).
1. HIN, HIT, the article, an enclitic, which therefore can never serve as an accentuated syllable in a verse, either as rhyme or in alliteration. In good old MSS. (e. g. Cod. Reg. of Sæm.) it is hardly ever spelt with the aspirate, but is written inn, in, it or ið, or enn, en, et or eð, and thus distinguished from the demonstr. pron. hinn; but in the Editions the prob. spurious aspirate has been generally prefixed: an indecl. inu or hinu occurs often in later MSS. of the 14th century, e. g. the Fb.; but as it has not been heard of since and is unknown in the modern language, it simply seems to be a Norwegianism, thus, inu sömu orð, Th. 2; hinnu fyrri biskupa (gen. pl.), H. E. ii. 79; enu instu luti (res intimas), Hom. 57 (Norse MS.); hinu ágæztu menn (nom. pl.), id.; innu óargu dýra, 657 A. ii. 12: [cp. Goth. jains = ἐκεινος; A. S. geond; Engl. yon; Germ. jener.]
A. The:
I. preceding the noun:
1. before an adjective standing alone or followed by a substantive; …
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f. film, membrane.
u, f., mod. himna, [Dan. hinde; Swed. hinna], a film, a membrane, Grág. ii. 91, Edda 12, Clem. 25, Bs. ii. 180, Vígl. 31.
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adv. by mere chance, from Dan. hips haps.
f. a king’s or earl’s bodyguard; the king’s men (hann hefir á ~ um sik sem konungr).
f. [akin to A. S. hyred; cp. also Engl. hire], a king’s or earl’s body-guard, the king’s men of olden times: for the hirð, their rights, duties, statutes, see the Laws and Sagas passim; among the Laws, specially the Hirðskrá, N. G. L. ii. 390–450, Sks. ch. 24 sqq.; among the Sagas, the Fms. and Hkr. passim, Eg. ch. 5, 8, Fagrsk. ch. 5, the poem of Hornklofi, and 216, Ó. H. ch. 200 sqq., passim: hann hefir ok hirð um sik sem konungr, Eg. 47; ok hafði sína hirð hvárr þeirra, Fms. vi. 185; þá skipar hann hirðinni í eina fylking (opp. to bændr), Hkr. i. 155.
COMPDS: hirðardómr, hirðbiskup, hirðbróðir, hirðbúnaðr, hirðdrengr, hirðhestr, hirðkona, hirðlið, hirðlög, hirðmaðr, hirðmannseiðr, hirðmannalúðr, hirðmannanafn, hirðmannastefna, hirðmær, hirðpallr, hirðprestr, hirðprúðr, hirðprýði, hirðriddari, hirðsiðir, hirðskip, Hirðskrá, hirðstefna, hirðstjóri, hirðstjórn, hirðstofa, hirðsveinn, hirðsveit, hirðvist.
(-rða, -rðr), v.
1) to keep in a box or chest (Ásgerðr hirði slœðurnar, þar sem áðr vóru);
2) ~ hey, to gather in hay;
3) to hide, conceal;
4) to mind, care for (aldregi hirði ek þat);
~ eigi um e-t, not to care about (þeir hirðu ekki um líf sitt);
hirð eigi, hirðit eigi, do not seek (hirð eigi þú at hopa á hæl!).
ð, mod. t, (Fms. vii. 290), to herd, tend, keep; hirða fé, to herd sheep, Grág. i. 401.
2. to keep in a box, chest; þá hirði Ásgerðr slæðurnar, Eg. 703; hann tekr burt örina ok hirðir hana svá búna, Fms. xi. 64; ok hirt (imperat.) þat í glerkeri, Pr. 472.
3. hirða hey, to gather in hay, Eb. 150, 152, Gullþ. 20, Sks. 325.
4. to keep safe, hide, conceal; ok er hann (Eliah) nú hirðr öðrum mönnum (hidden from them), Ver. 29; hirða höfuð, to hide one’s head, Grett. (in a verse); þeir vissu eigi hvar Guð hirði andir þeirra, 623. 60; h. sik í djúpum, of fishes, Sks. 47, 49: reflex. to lock oneself up, hide oneself, gangit upp í turn minn ok hirðisk þar, Bær. 2, Fas. i. 8; var hann nú hirðr (save) fyrir öllum úfriði, Fms. xi. 322; hirðir ok haldnir, safe and sound, Karl. 3.
II. to mind, care for; eigi hirði ek at lifa, Stj. 168; þótt þeir hirði þat eigi, even though they care not for it, Grág. i. 468; aldregi hirði ek þat, Hrafn. 19; þeir einir munu vera at ek hirði aldri þótt drepisk, Nj. 85; h. um e-t, to care about; ok hirtu ekki um líf sitt, Fms. …
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m. a king’s court; synja eiði eptir hirðardómi, N. G. L. ii. 437.
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f. a tending, keeping.
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a, m. a herd, herdsman, Stj. 106, Gen. xiii. 8.
(-is, -ar), m. herdsman, shepherd; pastor.
m. [Ulf. hairdeis = ποιμήν; A. S. hyrde; Engl. herd; Dan. hyrde; Swed. herde; Germ. hirt]:—a herd, herdsman, shepherd, Gþl. 400, Grág. ii. 224, Barl. 35, Bs. ii. 91, Stj. 106 (hirðanna, gen. pl.); eccl., Hom., Mar., Bs., Stj. passim, as also N. T. in mod. usage; hirðir is used in a sacred and metaph. sense, smali or smala-maðr only in the proper sense; eg em góðr hirðir, John x. 14; heilagir hirðar, Stj. 9. hirðis-lauss, adj. shepherdless; sauðir h., Stj. 603. hirðis-ligr, adj. pastoral, Stj. 235. hirðis-nafn, n. a shepherd’s name, Bs. i. 280. hirðis-rismál, n. a shepherd’s rising time, a term for day-break; er sól er í miðju austri, i. e. six o’clock, Grág. ii. 224, cp. Hrafn. 20.
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a prefix, tending, keeping, wearing, in poët. compds, hirði-áss, -bil, -dís, -draugr, -nauma, -njótr, -sága, -sif, -týr, -þollr, all epithets in poetical circumlocutions of men and women.
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adj. pastoral, Th. 12.
m. a trumpet belonging to the king’s men.
m. a trumpet belonging to the king’s men, Sturl. i. 129, Fms. ix. 417.
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n. the name of being a king’s man, Sks. 275.
f. a hustings of the king’s men.
u, f. a hustings of king’s men, Fms. ix. 306.
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m. the oath taken by the king’s men, Fms. ix. 437.
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adj. careless, freq. in mod. usage.
f. carelessness, neglect.
u, f. (mod. -leysi, n.), carelessness, Bs. ii. 91.
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adj. (-semi, f.), careful.
m. king’s bishop.
m. a king’s bishop, Fms. i. 229.
m. comrade of the king’s men.
m. a comrade among king’s men, El. 14, Barl. 94, Hirðskrá ch. 41.
m. apparel for king’s man.
m. apparel for king’s men, Skálda 181.
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m. a king’s valet, Rétt. 61.
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m. a king’s horse, N. G. L. i. 227.
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u, f. a king’s woman, daughter of a king’s man, Fas. i. 193, Art.
n. the king’s troops.
n. the king’s troops, Str. 3.
a. belonging to the king’s men, courtly (hirðlig málsnild).
adj. belonging to the king’s men, Barl. 176, Str. 40; h. málsnild, courtly eloquence, Skálda 199: pastoral, Stat. 281.
n. pl. laws and statutes of the king’s men, their community or fellowship (taka e-n í ~).
n. pl. the laws and statutes of the king’s men, their community, fellowship, Fms. v. 52; taka e-n í hirðlög, Ó. H. 204; ganga í h., Eg. 29, 112; vera í or segja sik ór hirðlögum, N. G. L. ii. 437.
m. king’s men.
m. a king’s man, Hirðskrá, Fms., Eg., Sks. passim, Ó. H. ch. 70, 113, Har. S. Harðr. ch. 110, Hkr. Ó. T. ch. 90, Lv. p. 112 (far þú á fund Eyjólfs Guðmunds sonar, vinar míns ok hirðmanns), Nj. ch. 3, Fbr.
f. court lady.
f. = hirðkona, Art., Karl.
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m. the daïs where the king’s men sate, N. G. L. ii. 447.
m. king’s chaplain.
m. a king’s chaplain, Fms. i. 151, Fb. ii. 337, N. G. L. ii. 409.
a. cour teous.
adj. courteous, Fms. v. 191, viii. 447, ix. 4.
f. royal pomp.
n. royal pomp, Fms. iii. 182, x. 178.
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a, m. a king’s knight, Barl. 176.
m. pl. the customs of the king’s men.
m. pl. the customs of the king’s men, Eb. 200, Sks. 320, Hkr. iii. 181.
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n. a king’s ship, N. G. L. i. 227, passim.
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f. the statutes or section of law relating to the king’s men, published in N. G. L. ii. 390–450.
f. meeting of the king’s men.
u, f. a meeting of the king’s men, Fms. ix. 215, 250.
m. the captain of the king’s men.
a, m. the captain of the king’s men, Fms. iv. 364, ix. 250, 496, Gþl. 58, Eg. 280, Hirðskrá ch. 8, 24; in Eg. 280 used in a peculiar and Engl. sense; in Icel. the governor was, from the 14th to the 16th century, called hirðstjóri, Ann., Espol. passim.
f. the dignity of a stjóri.
f. the dignity of hirðstjóri. Fms. ix. 250; in Icel. sense, Ann. passim, Dipl. ii. 15.
f. king’s hall.
u, f. a king’s hall, Ó. H. 43.
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m. = hirðdrengr, Stj. 482.
f. the host of king’s men.
f. the host of king’s men, Hkr. i. 24, Fms. i. 36, ii. 17, vi. 46, vii. 279, xi. 244.
f. the position of a king’s man.
f. the being a king’s man, Fms. ii. 55, v. 315, vii. 196, xi. 18, Nj. 6.
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(mod. hissa,) adj. indecl. stunned, amazed, astonished; vera (verða) h. þeir urðu h. við þessi stórmerki, 655 v. 2; very freq. in mod. usage, eg er öldungis hissa, bráð-hissa, quite astonished.
n. millet.
n. [Swed. hirs], millet, Edda (Gl.)
(-rta, -rtr), v. to chastise.
t, to chastise one, freq. in mod. usage; hirta sik frá e-u, to refrain from, Hom. 108: reflex., Stj. 23 (twice); hirtr, chastised, Fms. ii. 216; hirtask e-s, to refrain from a thing, H. E. i. 236.
f. chastisement.
f. chastisement, Hom. 43, Al. 129, Fas. ii. 447, Bs. passim, freq. in mod. usage.
COMPDS: hirtingarlauss, hirtingarleysi, hirtingarorð, hirtingarsamr, hirtingarvöndr.
a. unchastised.
adj. unpunished, N. G. L. ii. 419.
n. want of chastisement.
n. want of punishment, Fms. v. 191.
n. pl. severe words.
n. severe words, H. E. i. 250.
a. severe.
adj. severe, Bs. i. 164.
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m. a wand (rod) for punishing, Pass. 34. 5.
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adj. [hirða], keeping safely, careful: hirtni, f. carefulness.
f.
1) keeping;
2) box, chest.
(hirðsla), u, f. a keeping, keeping safe, Grág. i. 400, Stj. 445, Fb. ii. 312, (rare.)
2. a box, chest, 656 B. 1, Ld. 56, Sturl. ii. 11, Fbr. 85, Pm. 10: hirzlu-hús, a store-house, H. E. i. 457, Dipl. v. 10; hirzlu-maðr, a keeper, Sks. 273; fjár-h., a treasury.
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hisja, vide hes, hesja.
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n. chaff, bran; létt sem h.; akin to hé-, hý-, q. v.
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n. foppery: hisprs-lauss, adj. without foppery, plain, straightforward; eg segi þér það hispurslaust, I tell it you plainly.
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u, f. history (for. word), Nik. dr. 75, Pass. 11. 1, and now and then in mod. usage, although saga is the usual vernacular word.
f. heating, heat.
1. u, f. a heating, Fbr. 149.
COMPDS: hitueldr, hituhús, hituketill, hituvatn.
2. að, to heat.
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f. a heating, Fas. ii. 377.
m. heat, warmth.
a, m. [Engl. heat; Dan. hede; Germ. hitze], heat, Vsp. 51; ór frosti í hita, Edda 39, Sks. 60, Fms. v. 350: metaph. ardour, Mar.
(að), v. to become hot; impers., e-m ~r, one gets hot (warm).
að, to become hot, Magn. 468, Fms. x. 264, Stj. 648: impers., e-m hitnar, one gets hot, Sturl. iii. 20.
(-tta, -ttr), v.
1) to hit upon, meet with one;
~ ráð, to hit upon a device;
~ leiðina, to find one’s way;
absol., ~ inn í váginn, to find the way into the bay;
sjaldan hittir leiðr í lið, an unwelcome guest always misses the feast;
~ í vandræði, to get into scrapes;
~ á e-t, to hit upon (hitti hann þar á þórolf);
2) to hit, strike (spjótit hitti í brjóst hestsins);
3) to visit, call on, see (fóru þá margir menn at ~ Hákon konung);
4) refl., ~st, to meet one another;
hann bað þá vel fara ok heila ~st (meet again safe and sound).
tt, [akin to Goth. hinþan, Swed. hinna = to find; Engl. hit; Dan. hitte; Swed. hitta]:—to hit upon, meet with one, Fms. i. 129, xi. 124, v. l.; en er þeir hittu menn at máli, Eg. 405, Fs. 29: hitta ráð, to hit upon a device, Fms. vi. 152; h. á e-t, to hit or light upon, hitti hann þar á Þórólf, iv. 309: to find one’s way, time, opportunity, hann hitti ílla leiðir, Fs. 101; h. vel leiðina, 141; at eigi villumk ek ok hitti aptr til þeirra, 623. 62; þar til er þér hittið inn í váginn, Fms. xi. 124 (twice); eigi hittu þér nú í tíma til, ef þér komut svá at borðin vóru uppi, vii. 197; ok vita ef þú hittir í þann tíma, at vild þín megi fram ganga, hit upon the proper time, Sks. 294; sjaldan hittir leiðir í lið, Hm. 65:—also, h. til, to happen, Bs. ii. 129: h. í vandræði, etc., to get into scrapes; hér kom ek með son minn er hitt hefir í vandræði, Fms. vi. 107; þú hefir hitt í fjártjón, Fs. 100; h. í stórræði, Ísl. ii. 391.
2. to hit; hitta sjálfan sik fyrir, to hit oneself, make oneself smart, for a thing (metaph.), Þórð. 75; spjótið hitti (hit, struck) í brjóst hestsins, Flóv. …
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m. a finder, Lex. Poët.
m. a fire for heating (brewing).
m. a fire for heating, Sturl. iii. 147.
n. brew-house.
n. a brew-house, Fms. iii. 211.
m. boiler.
m. a boiler, Fms. iii. 211, Safn i. 70.
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n. a hot spring, Mar.
(-xta, -xt), v. to hiccough; to sob; meðan í önd hixti, while the breath rattled in his throat.
t, [no doubt onomatopoetic, to say ‘hick,’ cp. Dan. hikke, Swed. hicka]:—to hiccough, Str. 27, Am. 38.
m. hiccough; sobbing.
qs. hiksti, a, m. a hiccough, Bs. i. 847, Mag. 103; it is a popular saying that when people are slandering or gossiping about a person behind his back, he hiccoughs every time his name is mentioned, whence the saying, þar er eg nú að orði sem eg er ekki að borði, about me is the word, when I’m not at the board; þann sama dag sem biskup las bannit at Hólum, þá kom svo harðr hiksti at honum (viz. Daði), svo hann undraði, ok þat var ór hófi, svo at hann hugsaði að öndina mundi slíta af sér, Daði mælti þá, nú er eg þar at orði sem eg er ekki at borði, Safn i. 90,—the bishop was at that moment excommunicating him; cp. the saying, sjaldan kemr hixti af huga góðum, Ísl. Þjóðs. ii. 552 and 557, l. 1.
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hitzig, hizug, adv., in N. G. L. i. 242 hizcu = hizug, [hinn vegr]:—yonder, there, Lat. illic, heimta at erfingjum, ef hitzig var eigi til, K. Þ. K. 9 (1853), hitze, v. l.; við Útstein hitzig, yonder at U., Sighvat; hitzig (yonder) er heitir Helganes, Fms. vi. 84 (in a verse); hizug í Hafrsfirði, Fagrsk. 8 (in a verse):—above, sem hizig vas tínt, as told above, Grág. ii. 222 A; ok hafa, þat allt er hitzug leifir, whatsoever is left in the other (in the former code, the code of Hafliði), i. 7; en hafa ómagann sjálfr, ef hann festir eigi hizig framfærsluna, unless he shifts the alimentation on to the other part, 254; at hann vill hitzi (= hitzig) í þingi vera, 159:—cp. hinnsig, hinnig, s. v. hinn.
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n. a gossamer (?), Ísl. Þjóðs. ii. 539.
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f. bettering of one’s homestead, Bs. i. 129, Gþl. 376.
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m. home manners, domestic life.
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m. a home loss, Glúm. 375, Gísl. 79.
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m. home affairs, Fms. ii. 267, Bárð. 176, Fs. 131.
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adj. gentle and well-mannered at home, in one’s daily life, Eb. 88, Grett. 96.
n. lair, den, esp. of a bear.
n. [hi, Ivar Aasen], a lair, den, esp. of a bear, N. G. L. i. 45, 46, Grett. 100, Glúm. 330, Gþl. 444, Korm. (in a verse, of a sword’s sheath).
COMPDS: híðbjörn, híðbyggvir.
II. Híði, a, m. a pr. name, Fms. viii.
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dep. [híð], to be in its lair, of a wild beast; hann hafði híðz í þessu fjalli, … far nú ok hiðzt þar er þér líkar, Vitae Patrum (Unger).
m. common bear.
m. a bear in his den, Grett. 100, Fms. ii. 100, Fas. i. 50, Glúm. l. c.
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m., poët. a den dweller, a bear, Korm.
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d, to saunter, loiter; hímir ok hangir … hvat hímir þú … hékk hann af ok hímdi … með himanda hug, Vitae Patrum (Unger).
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a, m. a laggard, almost like Germ. aschbrödel, Fas. iii. 18: a nickname, Fb. iii.
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ð, [hira, Ivar Aasen, statt ikje dar aa hir! and hiren = lazy]:—híra við, to stand idle, tarry, loiter, Grág. i. 6, 65; öllu var honum betra á Stað, heima að híra, Jón Arason: in mod. usage a reflex., hírast, to sit snug at home; það er og vel að þú hírist (hýrist is a wrong spelling) hér eptir þar sem þú ert nú kominn og etir þar og drekkir, Od. x. 270, 271; hinir hírðu við … ek hírumk hér hjá í yðvarri þjónustu, Vitae Patrum (Unger).
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f. name of an island, Fms.
f. skin-bag.
f. a scrip or bag made of the skin of a beast, Sd. 157, Fb. i. 220, Grett.: as a nickname, Fb. iii: metaph. a vast belly, Ísl. Þjóðs. i. 612: the name of a giantess, Bárð.: the local names Hítar-dalr, Hítar-nes (Landn.) were still at the beginning of this century in that neighbourhood sounded Hitar-dalr, Hitar-nes, with a short i, the original form being Hitár-dalr, Hitár-nes, the dale and ness of the Hot river (a volcanic river), opp. to Kaldá, the Cold river, in the same county. The derivation from a giantess Hít is a mere fiction, and not older than the Bárðar S. Hítnesingr, m. one from Hitarnes, Sturl.
n. see hýbýli.
n. pl., usually spelt thus or even híbíli (esp. in Cd. B. of Sks. 75, 96, 127 new Ed.); hýbýli, Fms. vii. 148, Fb. i. 254, ii. 238, 314, iii. 404; [the hí- answers to Germ. hei- in heirath; Ulf. heiv- in heivafrauja = a house-lady; A. S. hiwa; Engl. hive (in bee-hive); cp. O. H. G. hiwian and Hel. hiwa = a wife]:—a homestead, home; hús eru þrjú í hvers manns híbýlum, Grág. i. 459, ii. 196, 371; heima at híbýlum sínum, Js. 78; þar í hans híbýlum, Eg. 156, 194; ef þér eru hér kunnig híbýli, 236; í annarra manna híbýlum, Nj. 52; ganga um híbýli, to walk again, Landn. 107: allit., hús ok híbýli, house and home, Sks. 454: nú er par híbýlum á leið snúit, ok fara þeir til hvílu, Fb. iii. 404; þar vóru híbýli heldr dauflig eptir, Eb. 100 new Ed.
COMPDS: híbýlabót, híbýlabragr, híbýlabrestr, híbýlaháttr, híbýlaprúðr.
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að, to sink, dwindle, of froth and the like.
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(Héðningar, Fb. i. 282), m. pl. [A. S. Heodeningas, Hetelinge or Hegelinge of the old German epos, Kudrun (Bartsch’s Edition)], the champions of the mythol. hero Héðinn, Edda 90; whence Hjaðninga-víg, n. the battle of Hedin and his men, supposed to go on for ever; see the tale in Edda 89, 90, and Fb. i. 278–282.
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að, to hack; akin to höggva, q. v.
n. chatter, talk.
n. chatter, talk, tittle-tattle, Edda 110, Fbr. 58, Fms. x. 333, xi. 19, Vápn. 16, Sturl. i. 22, Niðrst. 4: the saying, opt stendr íllt af kvenna hjali, Gísl. 15. hjals-kona, u, f. a courtesan, Dropl. 19.
(að), v. to chatter, talk (~ e-n);
~st við, to talk together.
að, to chatter, talk, Ísl. ii. 330, 332, Ld. 214, Sturl. i. 22; hjala við e-n, Nj. 203, Ísl. ii. 349, 378: recipr., hjalask við, to talk together, 321.
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n. = hjal, Edda 110.
(-rs), m. fight, battle (poet.).
m., gen. rs, [cp. hildr, hjala, as galdr from gala], poët. a din, whence a fight, battle, Lex. Poët. passim: as also in poët. compds, hjaldr-reifr, -gegninn, -móðr, -örr, -ríkr, -snjallr, -stríðr, -þorinn, adj. = martial, warlike; the sword is hjaldr-blik, -íss, -kyndill, -linnr, -skíð; the battle, hjaldr-el, -drif, -ganga; the shield, hjaldr-ský; a raven, hjaldr-gagl, -trani; a warrior, hjaldr-gegnir, -magnaðr, -remmir, -snerrandi, -týr, -viðurr: hjaldr-goð = Odin; vide Lex. Poët.
m. ledge in a mountain side.
a, m. [akin to hilla, Engl. shelf; cp. also Engl. hill]:—a shelf or ledge in a mountain’s side, Hrafn. 9, Gullþ. 19, Fb. iii. 408, Dropl. 33, Sturl. iii. 246, very freq.: as also in local names, Deildar-hjalli, Landn.; Víðir-hjalli, Þver-h., Litli-h., Langi-h.
II. a local name, Landn.
m.
1) scaffold, frame of timber;
2) shed (for drying fish).
m. [akin to hjalli], a scaffold, a frame of timber, Gísl. 31, Mar. 557, Hkr. ii. 175 (of a pedestal); seið-hjallr (q. v.), the scaffold on which witches sat.
2. a shed, esp. for drying clothes, fish, N. G. L, i. 137, H. E. i. 396, Vm. 174; fisk-h., a fish-shed; grinda-h., a shed of rails.
COMPDS: hjallgrind, hjallviðr.
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f. the frame of a shed.
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m. timber for a shed, Pm. 133.
n.
1) the boss or knob at the end of a sword hilt (eptra, efra ~it);
2) the guard between the hilt and blade (fremra ~it).
n. [A. S. and Engl. hilt], the boss or knob at the end of a sword’s hilt; also the guard between the hilt and blade; the former being sometimes distinguished as the eptra or efra hjalt (hinder or upper, accordingly as the sword was held), and the latter as fremra h., the fore part or guard, where blade and hilt join; or else the plur. hjölt is used; í því gékk hjaltið af sverðinu hit efra ok hljóp þá brandrinn fram ór meðalkafla umgörðinni, Sturl. iii. 283; hjölt ok meðalkafli, Þiðr. 114; eftra hjaltið, opp. to fremra hjaltið, Karl. 124, Korm. ch. 9, Ld. ch. 57, Eb. ch. 13, and Gísl. 72, vide gadd-hjalt, cp. Hkv. Hjörv. 9, Sdm. 6; hjölt ór gulli, Akv. 7; sverð með gulligum hjöltum, Fms. i. 15; nema hjöltin við neðra gómi, Edda 20; sverðit brotnaði undir hjaltinu, Nj. 43, Fms. ii. 484, Gullþ. 18; skaltú nú vera þegn hans er þú tókt við sverði hans at hjöltunum, Fms. i. 15; Helgi hnauð hjalt á sverð, Nj. 66; hann leggr sverðinu á þessum sama flekk ok fellr á hjöltin, Fb. i. 258. ☞ The Engl. hilt is in Icel, called meðal-kafli, ‘middle-piece:’ the Engl. word is derived from the Scandin., but in a different sense.
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part. with a hjalt; gull-h., Þiðr. 80.
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m. pl. Shetlanders, Orkn. (in a verse), Sturl. i. 94 C, ii. 44.
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a, m. [hjalt], a nickname, Landn.: as also a pr. name, id.; Horn-h., name of a sword, Gullþ.
(-s, -ar), m. Shetlander.
m. a Shetlander, Fms., Fb.
n. Shetland.
n., later Hetland, which occurs in the Fb.; in Engl. corrupted into Shetland or Zetland.
COMPDS: Hjaltlendingr, Hjaltlenzkr.
a. from Shetland.
and Hjalt-neskr, adj. one from Shetland, Ld. 26, Grág. i. 299.
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part. with ‘boss-fins,’ poetical epithet of a sword, metaph. from a fish, Ísl. ii. (in a verse).
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m. a ‘hilt-wand,’ sword, Lex. Poët.
a. n. talkative, chatting;
þeim verðr ~, they have much to say.
n. adj. chattering; verða h., to be chattering all along, Eb. 200, Vápn. 7, 12.
f. hinge, = hjarri.
u, f., pl. hjörur, mod. = hjarri, a hinge.
f. hinge, = hjarri.
ð, pres. hjari, part. hjarað, [no doubt akin to híra], to linger, to live (poorly), Pass. 33. 12.
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m. a herdsman’s dog, Fms. i. 152.
m. = hjarðsveinn.
m. a herd-boy, Fas. i. 518, Stj. 464.
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f. a sheep-fold, Magn. 494: in local names,
m. shepherd’s hound.
m. a shepherd’s dog, Hkr. i. 226.
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m. pl. the men from Hjarðar-holt, Landn., Ld.
m. = hjarðsveinn.
a, m. a drover, Stj. 257, Mar.
a. able to drive a drove.
adj. able to drive a drove, of one half blind, Bs. i. 307.
m. shepherd boy.
m. a shepherd boy, Fms. ii. 156, Stj. 482.
f. shepherd’s dog.
f. a shepherd’s tyke, Eg. 375.
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n., only poët. a land, country, Lex. Poët.
COMPDS: hjarlstríðandi, hjarlþvengr.
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part. a champion fighting for the land, Lex. Poët.
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m., poët. a snake.
n. hard frozen snow.
n. hard frozen snow, as also frozen earth covered with snow, Sturl. iii. 147, Fms. i. 8, ii. 228, Lil. 10, Bb. 3. 35.
(að), v. to revive, recover strength (~ við).
að, [hjara], in the phrase, hjarna við, to shew signs of life, to revive, Lat. vivescere; at kýrin skyldi við h., Bs. i. 335; barn hjarnar við, N. G. L. i. 340; veyklegt afkvaemi við þó hjarni | vilja þau helzt það deyi strax, Bb. 1. 14.
m. brain, = heili.
a, m. [Dan. hjerne; Germ. ge-hirn], prop. the brain, Edda (Gl.); whence hjarna-mænir, m. the skull, Haustl.
m. brain pan, skull.
f. [Germ. hirnschale], the brain pan, the skull, Sturl. iii. 283, cp. Vkv. 23, 33.
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a, m. a mythical name, the Demodokus or Orpheus of the old Teut. legends, Edda 89: A. S. Heorrenda; in old Germ. poems called Horant. Hjarranda-ljóð, n. pl. the lay or tune of H., a charmed tune on the harp, Fas. iii. 223 (Bósa S.): a mod. metre in the Ballads (Rímur) is, if we remember right, still in Iceland called Hjarranda-lag, the tune of H. (see Bartsch’s Ed. of Kudrun, pp. i. x, xvii, and the sixth Aventiure of Kudrun, inscribed ‘wie suoze Horant sanc’ = how sweet H. sang).
m. hinge.
a, m. a hinge, Stj. 565, Korm. (in a verse). hjarra-grind, f. a gate on hinges, Grág. ii. 264.
m. the crown of the head.
proncd. hjassi, a, m. [Swed. hjesse; Dan. isse], the crown of the head; frá hjassa til ilja, Karl. 342, N. G. L. i. 339, Gísl. (in a verse); hann þreif í hjarsann á Kolbirni en setti knéit í bakit, Bárð. 177, (obsolete.)
II. a fabulous beast, whence the saying, verða aldraðr (gamall) sem h., to be as old as a h., Fas. iii. 365; or, hann er afgamall hjassi, an old decrepid h.
(pl. hjörtu, gen. hjartna), n.
1) heart;
2) mind, feeling.
n., gen. pl. hjartna, [Goth. hairto; A. S. heorte; Engl. heart; Hel. herta; O. H. G. herza; Germ. herz; Dan. hjerte; Swed. hjerta; Gr. καρδία; Lat. cor, cord-is]:—the heart, Fbr. 137, Nj. 95, passim.
II. metaph., gott hjarta, góð hjörtu, með bezt hjarta, ört h., snart h., dyggt h., frækit h., a bold, stout, true heart, Lex. Poët.; glatt h., a glad heart, Em. 1; milt h., a mild heart, id.; hrætt h., a timid heart, Sól.; sárt h., a sore heart; blóðugt h., a bloody or bleeding heart, Hm. 36; viðkvæmt h., a tender heart: denoting courage, Þórr á afl ærit en ekki hjarta, Hbl. 26; h. ok hugr, heart and courage, Ísl. ii. (in a verse):—phrases, hjarta ór leiri, to have a heart of clay, be a coward, Kormak, referring to the tale in Edda 57, 58; or merar-hjarta, the heart of a mare; hjarta drepr stall, the heart beats (see drepa A. 4) or sinks, rudely expressed in Sturl. ii. 42 (in the verse); hjartað berst, beats; but the subst. is hjart-sláttr, q. v.
2. the heart, mind, feeling; snotrs manns hjarta verðr sjaldan glatt, a wise man’s heart is seldom glad, Hm. …
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part. hearted so and so, Bær. 9.
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adj. (-liga, adv.), hearty, Stj. 186, Th. 7, freq. in mod. usage.
a. cowardly.
adj. cowardly, Karl. 124.
n. heart’s blood.
n. hearts-blood, Edda 74, Fbr. 108, Bær. 11, Fas. i. 163.
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adj. dead at heart, Stj. 484.
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m. heart’s-ease, peace of heart, Mar.
a. kind-hearted.
adj. kind-hearted, Bs. ii. 178.
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part. rooted in the heart.
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adj. pure in heart, Pass. 2. 8.
a. hearty.
adj. (-liga, adv.), hearty, Bs. ii. 156, Fms. iii. 53, Mar.
a. stout-hearted, generous.
adj. stout-hearted, generous, Eb. 194.
f. stoutness of heart, courage.
f. stoutness of heart, generosity, Bær. 20, Sks. 274.
a. = hjartablauðr.
adj. cowardly, Fas. iii. 100.
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f. pl. the ‘heart-roots,’ heart-strings, Fbr. 216: the phrase, e-m hitnar um hjartarætrnar, to be deeply moved, alarmed, or the like, to feel the blood rushing to one’s heart.
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f. pl. the heart-strings.
n. = hjarta-blóð.
n. = hjartablóð, Fm., Sæm. 156 (prose), Gkv. 2. 29.
pp. heart-felt, cherished in heart.
part. heart-felt, cherished in the heart, Vígl. 22, N. G. L. ii. 481, Col. iii. 12, Vidal., freq. in mod. eccl. usage.
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a, m. [hjört], a hart’s (stag’s) head, Lex. Poët.
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u, f. [hjörtr], a hind, Str. 3, Bret.
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adj. beloved.
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adi. disheartened, Orkn. 408 old Ed.
m. the fat about the heart.
m. the fat about the heart, Stj. 310, Exod. xxix. 22.
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adj. (-liga, adv.), with hearty feeling.
a. heart-touching.
adj. heart-touching, 625. 87, freq.
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adj. heart-sore, broken-hearted, Bs. i. 354.
n. deer-skin (~s glófar).
n. [hjörtr], deer-skin, Fms. ii. 148.
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a, m. heart-throbbing.
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m. a beating of the heart.
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= jartegn, Thom.
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m. heart-ache.
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f. heart disease.
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adj. having a heart disease.
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f. the ‘heart-vein,’ vena mediana, Fél. xi. 142.
prep. with dat.
1) by, near;
liggja (sitja) ~ e-m, to lie (sit) by one;
sofa (hvíla) hjá e-m, to sleep with one;
~ durunum, near (close to) the door;
2) by, with;
vera ~ e-m, to stay with one;
vera í gistingu ~ e-m, to lodge with one;
maðr einn var eptir ~ honum, was left with him;
3) present;
svá at Flosi var ~, in the presence of F.;
4) past, by;
fara, ganga ~ e-m, to go by, pass one (mánaði síðarr fóru þeir ~ mér kátir);
farast ~, to pass by one another;
fara ~ sér, to go beside oneself;
fram ~ Knafahólum, past K.;
þeir riðu ~ fram, they rode by;
5) in comparison with (to);
höfðu þeir fátt kvikfjár ~ því sem þurfti, they had few live stock in comparison with what was needed.
prep. [this prep. is peculiar to the Scandin. languages, which in their turn lack the Germ. and Saxon bei, by; the Dan. and Swed. add an s, hos, qs. hiaa’s, haa’s; hjá may be akin to Goth. heiva and Icel. hjú, q. v.; cp. Lat. cum]:—by, beside, with dat.:
1. by, near, at hand, Lat. juxta; setjask niðr hjá e-m, to take a seat by a person’s side, Nj. 3, Fs. 83; Egill setti hana niðr hjá sér, Eg. 249; liggja hjá e-m, to lie by one, Nj. 94; rekkja hjá konu, Ld. 30; hvíla hjá konu, Hbl. 17; sofa hjá e-m, to sleep in the same bed with one, Korm.; hann var jarðaðr (earthed, buried) hjá föður sínum, Fms. x. 111; sverðit stóð hjá honum, i. 16; næsta bæ hjá Rúts-stöðum, Nj. 32; þótti þeim í hönd falla at taka upp land þetta hjá sér sjálfum, this land lying close at hand, Ld. 210.
2. near, close to; gluggar vóru hjá brúnásunum, Nj. 95; hann var heygðr hjá Hofi, 163; hjá þreskeldi, Korm. (in a verse); þar hjá garðinum, Fs. 56; hjá brjóstinu, id.; hjá hvílu búanda þíns, Nj. 19; spjót koma upp hjá hólunum, 95; í hjá Ölvosvatni, Íb. 11; hjá dyrunum, O. H. L. 72: í hjá = hjá, hann stóð í hjá vandbálki nokkurum, id. …
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f. [A. S. healme; Engl. helm], a helm, rudder; hjálmar-skíð, n. the tiller, Korm. (in a verse); otherwise only occurring in hjálmar-völr and hjálmur-völr (q. v.), m. = hjálm-völr, q. v., N. G. L. ii. 283, v. l.: Hjálmar-dalr, m. a local name, Orkn.
pp. helmed.
part. helmed, Hkm. 11, Fms. vii. 242, 243, Karl. 328.
(-s, -ar), m.
1) helm, helmet;
2) rick (of hay or barley).
m. [Goth. hilms; A. S., Engl., Hel., O. H. G., and Germ. helm; Dan.-Swed. hjalm; Ital. elmo; old Fr. heaume; a Teut. word prob. derived from hylja, to hide]:—a helm, helmet; distinguished from stálhúfa, a steel hood; luktr hjálmr, a closed, shut helm, only occurs in very late writers, e. g. D. N. i. 321; steyptir hjálmar, Gkv. 2. 19, cannot mean cast-iron helmets, but must be helmets coming over the face, as cast-iron was unknown in the Middle Ages, see Aarb. for Nord. Oldk. 1868, p. 9; aringreypir hjálmar, helms shaped like an eagle’s beak, Akv. 3; gull-h., a gilt helm; ár-hjálmr, a brazen helmet, Hkm.: the word âr is A. S., since helmets were of English workmanship, as is seen also in Valskir hjálmar, foreign helmets, which are mentioned by Sighvat.
2. in the mythology Odin is called Hjálm-beri, a, m. helm-bearer, Gm.; he and the Valkyrias were represented as wearing helmets, Edda, Hkm. 9, Hkv. 1. 15; whence the poets call the helmet the hood of Odin (Hropts höttr): the vault of heaven is called the ‘helm’ of the wind, sun, etc. …
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m. tiller of a helm.
m. = hjálmvölr, Orkn. 8, Fms. i. 212 (v. l.), vii. 47, x. 267, Sks. 479.
n. helmet-rim.
n. [mid. H. G. helmbarte], a helmet-rim, Fas. iii. 355.
n. pl. helmet strings.
n. pl. helmet-strings, Fas. ii. 430, Bret. 56.
f. helmed host, war host.
f. a helmed host, war host, Gkv. 2. 15.
f. rim of a helmet.
f. the rim of a helmet; gylt h., Fms. vii. 323, v. l.
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n. [hjálmr II. i], a hay-house, barn, Fb. iii.
m. helmet-hood (a kind of cowl put over the helmet).
m. a helm-hood, a kind of cowl put over the helmet, Þiðr. 9, 285, Eg. 407.
m. a kind of leek, garlic.
m. a kind of leek, garlic, Fs. 146.
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u, f. pales or fences for hay-ricks (?), N. G. L. i. 38, (Gþl. 346)—nú skal hann eigi grafa upp hjálmræðr eptir fardaga, höggva má hann fyrir ofan jörð ek færa í brott.
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m.—hjálmbarð, Höfuðl.
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f., qs. hjálmvættr, a ‘helm-wight,’ a Valkyria, Hkv. 1. 53.
m. tiller of a helm.
m. a ‘helm-wand,’ ‘helm-handle,’ the tiller of a helm, Orkn. 152, Korm. 230, Fms. i. 212.
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part., of corn dried and stacked, Sighvat.
(-ar, -ir), f. help.
f. (hjólp with umlaut, Fms. x. 397, 404), help (esp. in old writers in a stronger sense, saving, help, healing, see hjálpa), Clem. 58, Fms. vi. 106, Fb. i. 337, passim; so in Hm. 147; biðja e-n hjálpar, 200; veita e-m hjálpir, Rd. 309; hjálpar drykkr, a healing draught, Mar.: in plur., Fms. ii. 227, Og. 1: eccl. help, salvation, D. I. i. 231; hjálp ok heilsa, Fb. i. 404, Bs. i. 199; sálu-hjálp, ‘soul’s-help,’ salvation: in mod. usage, help in a general sense.
COMPDS: hjálparfúss, hjálpargata, hjálparhönd, hjálparlauss, hjálparleysi, hjálparmaðr, hjálparráð, hjálpsmaðr.
I)
(help; halp or hjalp, hulpum; hólpinn), v.
1) to help (~ e-m);
~ e-m við = ~ e-m;
2) to save (h. lífi sínu);
refl. to be saved (þá munu vér ~st allir saman).
II)
(að), v. = prec.
(prop. hjalpa); in old usage strong; pres. helpr, pl. hjálpa; pret. halp or hjalp (as in mod. Dan.), N. G. L. i. 303, Fms. viii. 129, 306; holp and hjalp, ix. 288; pl. hulpu; subj. hylpi, Bs. i. 703; helpi, Fms. x. 368; imperat. hjálp, Sighvat and Arnór; part. hólpinn: in mod. usage weak (að) and of the 1st conjugation, as it also occurs in old writers, hjálpaðu, Fms. vii. 290, and Mork. l. c.; hjálpa (imperat.), Stj. 122; hjálpaðr (part.), id.; hjálpat, Fs. 92: in mod. usage hólpinn still remains as an adjective, cp. Engl. holpen: [Ulf. hilpan = βοηθειν; A. S. helpan; Engl. help; O. H. G. helfan; Germ. helfen; Dan. hjælpe; Swed. hjelpa]:
I. to help, in old writers always denoting to save, save another’s life, but in mod. usage to help in a general sense, with dat.; ok hjalp þeim þat mjök Birkibeinum, at svá var myrkt at þeir kendusk eigi, Fms. viii. 306; kirkjur vóru allar læstar ok hjalp þeim þat ekki, 129; taka fæzlu ok drykk ok hjálpa (infin.) svá yðrum líkama, x. 368; muntú bæði þér í því ok svá mörgum öðrum h., 392; ok svá ef nokkurr helpr þér, xi. 192; en hinn er má, ok vill eigi h. …
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part. a helper, saviour, Greg. 33.
m. helper, saviour.
a, m. a helper, saviour, Fms. i. 77, x. 224 (of Christ), Stj. 50, 241, Mar. 5.
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adj. willing to help.
f. a way to help.
u, f. a way to help, Fms. i. 142.
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f. a helping hand; með hjálparhendi, Stj. 202; rétta e-m hjálparhönd, to reach one a helping hand.
a. helpless.
adj. helpless.
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n. helplessness.
m.
1) helper;
2) one saved; ek mun vera ~, ef, I shall be saved, if.
m. a helper in need, Stj. 448, Orkn. 460: one wanting help, Fms. vii. 33.
n. helping advice.
n. helping advice, Fb. i. 404: eccl. help, salvation, Nú kom heiðinna hjálpar-ráð, Hólabók 1.
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m. = hjálpari, N. G. L. i. 317: hjálps-maðr, m. = hjálparmaðr.
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m. = hjálparmaðr, Sks. 451 B, Barl. 100, 207.
a. helpless.
adj. helpless, Rd. 308.
n. helplessness.
n. helplessness, Barl. 147.
n. helping advice; help, means of saving.
n. help, salvation, Stj. 233, 240, Fms. x. 238 (means of saving); mín augu hafa séð þitt hjálpráð, Luke ii. 30.
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n. a saving rope, Edda (Gl.); en ef h. brestr, gjaldi tvær örtogar, N. G. L. ii. 283: the hjálpreip perhaps resembled the βοήθεια in Acts xxvii. 17.
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adj. rich, mighty in help, Bs. i. (in a verse).
n. helping advice; help, means of saving.
n. = hjálpráð, 655 xv. A. 1; biðja e-n hjálpræða, Fms. ii. 132: helping advice (healing), vi. 198; með dýrð ok hjálpræðum, with glory and help, x. 338.
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adv. helpfully, Str. 65, Stj. 23.
a. helpful, salutary.
adj. helpful, salutary, Stj. 54, H. E. ii. 164, Magn. 492, Bs. ii. 156, Fms. v. 224.
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adj. helping, helpful.
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f. helpfulness.
a. promising help, likely to help, salutary.
adj. (-liga, adv.), salutary, promising help. Fms. xi. 334. Bs. i. 648, Fb. i. 510.
a. = hjálpvænligr.
adj. = hjálpvænligr, Bs. i. 202.
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f. = bjargvættr, Gullk. C.
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adj. strange, beside oneself.
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m.
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n. pl. tricks, devices; h. heimsins, Mar.
n. out-lying estate.
n. an outlying estate, opp. to heima-ból, Sturl. ii. 229.
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n. an extra partnership, N. G. L. ii. 285 (Jb. 404, 405).
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f. a going aside from, evasion.
f. concubinage.
u, f. concubinage, Fas. ii. 341, iii. 657.
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adj. (-liga, adv.), out of the way, odd, queer.
f. concubine.
u, f. a concubine, Karl. 66.
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n. an outlying estate, opp. to heimaland, Am. 41, 95.
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n. concubinatus, N. G. L. i. 357.
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u, f. = hjáland, freq. in mod. usage.
m. trick.
m. = hjábragð, Grett. 146 new Ed.
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u, f. = hjáland: mod. a colony, Germ. beiland.
a. refractory, obstinate.
adj. speaking-beside the mark, absurd, Skálda 164.
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adj. singing out of tune.
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u, f. a queer, odd fellow; hann er mesta h.
COMPDS: hjárænulegr, hjárænuskapr.
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u, f. sitting by sheep, watching or tending sheep (from sitja hjá), Piltr og Stúlka 12.
f. assistance.
u, f. a standing by, assistance, Fms. iii. 187, 190, Fas. iii. 548.
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m. a supporting stake, prop. Gþl. 380.
m. by-path.
m. a by-path, Þorst. Síðu H. 10.
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n. [Germ. bei-stand], help, assistance.
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n. adj. a kind of metre, the intercalary sentence (stál) being placed at the end of the verse, Edda (Ht.)
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f. ‘by-faith,’ superstition, (mod.)
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adj. missing one’s hold, Nj. 263.
f. presence.
u, f. a being by or near, pretence, H. E. i. 420, Stj. 219.
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part. being present, Skálda 202.
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n. by-work; göra e-ð í hjáverkum, to do a thing in one’s spare time.
f. presence.
f. presence, Bs. i. 351, Barl. 158.
n. wheel (vagnar á hjólum); brjóta á hjóli, to break (a person) on the wheel.
n., a contr. form from hvel, q. v.; hjól rhymes with stól, Hkr. iii. 238 in a verse at the beginning of the 12th century; [Swed. and Dan. hjul]:—a wheel, Sks. 412; vagnar á hjólum, Fms. vi. 145, Stj. 71, 288; vagna-hjól, 287; brjóta í hjóli, to break on the wheel, Fms. xi. 372, Skálda 204 (in a verse); á hverfanda hjóli, on a rolling wheel, Grett. 97 new Ed. (Hm. 83, hvel); leika á hjólum, to turn upon wheels, metaph. of a shifting or sanguine character, hann leikr allr á hjólum: so in the saying, valt er hamingu-hjólið.
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f. pl. wheel-barrows.
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f. the nave of a wheel, Lex. Poët.
m. cart on wheels.
m. a wheel-cart, cart on wheels, Fms. vi. 145.
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adj. running softly as a wheel, of a pony.
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adj. easy as a wheel, of a pony.
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n. [cp. Ulf. hjuhma = οχλος; akin to hé- in hégámi], any froth-like substance, e. g. the frothy film of half-thawed ice and water.
n.
1) one of the household (griðkona var hit þriðja h.);
2) pl. married couple, man and wife (Höskuldr bað hana vinna þeim hjónum);
3) domestic, servant (ef þú sýnir skilríki, at hann sé þitt h. = þinn vinnumaðr); rézt hann þar at hjóni, he took service there.
see hjún.
n. = hjón (rare).
n. = hjón or hjú; this form seems to be a nom. sing., and not gen. pl., in N. G. L. i. 340 (v. l.), Grág. i. 212, 287, Am. 94, Bs. i. 60, and perh. in Nj. 57; for the references see hjún below.
n. matrimony.
n. matrimony, H. E. i. 453, 463, passim in mod. usage.
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n. disagreement between married people, 655 xxi. 3.
n. domestic servants.
n. household folk, Grág. i. 154.
a. connubial.
adj. connubial, H. E. i. 475.
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n. = hjónasæng.
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m. = hjónahatr.
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n., -samvist, f. living together in wedlock, H. E. i. 458, Gþl. 230.
m. divorce.
m. a divorce, Gþl. 224, Grág. i. 325.
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f. a conjugal bed.
n. hiring of servants.
n. a hiring of servants, Nj. 104.
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n. a tale or number of servants, N. G. L. i. 349, Gþl. 358.
n. choice of servants (eigi hefik dyggt h.).
n. a choice of servants, Fas. ii. 351.
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u, f. a wedding (in church), H. E. i. 474.
(pl. hjú, dat. hjúm), n. = hjón, hjún;
1) þeir ráku hann í stofu ok hjú hans öll, and all his household-people;
2) hjú gørðu hvílu, man and wife went to rest;
3) hann reið heim á Laugaland ok réð sér hjú, and engaged servants.
n. [for the etymology see híbýli, p. 265; the fundamental notion is family, house]
I. man and wife; hve þik hétu hjú, how did thy parents call thee? Fsm. 46; hjú görðu hvílu, Am. 9; er vér heil hjú heima várum, Vkv. 14; bæði hjú, man and wife, Pd. 5, 56; ef hjú skiljask (are divorced), Grág. i. 239; ef frændsemi eða sifjar koma upp með hjúm, 378; þau hjú (Herod and his queen) ollu lífláti Joans Baptizta, Ver. 40.
II. the domestics, family, household: mér ok mínum hjúm, Glúm. (in a verse), Grág. i. 473; lét Koðran þá skíra sik ok hjú hans öll nema Ormr son hans, Bs. i. 5; hjú ok hjörð, house-people and cattle, Þorf. Karl. 376; slíkt er mælt um hjú at öllu, Grág. i. 143; auka hjú sín, 287; þá skulu þeir ala jafnvel sem hjú sín, 445; Hildir ok hjú hans öll, Nj. 158; tók hann við trú ok hjú hans öll, id. The mod. usage distinguishes between hjú, domestics, servants, and hjón, Lat. conjuges: even in sing., dyggt hju, a faithful servant; ódyggt hjú, a faithless servant; öll hjúin á heimilinu, all the servants of the house, etc.; vinnu-hjú, servants; vinnuhjúa-skildagi (= the 14th of May). …
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or hjúfra, [Ulf. hiufan = θρηνειν, Matth. xi. 17, Luke vii. 32; A. S. heofjan; Hel. hiovan; O. H. G. hiufan; and no doubt also Engl. to heave = to pant, breathe with pain, which is not to be confounded with heave = to lift]:—to pant, heave, Gkv. 1. 1, 2. 11 (obsolete).
II. in provincial Icel. to drizzle; and hjúfr-skúrir, f. pl. a drizzling shower, Lex. Poët.
(að), v. to nurse a sick person (h. e-m, h. at or við e-m);
refl., to recover strength (hón ~st lítt við þessa fœðu).
mod. hjúkra, að, in the phrase, h. at e-m, to nurse, cherish (a baby, a sick person), 623. 36, Fms. ii. 59, Pass. 44. 6, where it rhymes with sjúka; lífinu hjúkrar hönd, 47. 6: reflex., hón hjúkaðisk lítt við þessa fæðu er til var, Fs. 174.
f. nursing (of a sick person).
and hjúkran, f. a nourishing, nursing, Fms. vii. 444, Háv. 43.
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a, m. a mythical name of the man in the moon, Edda 8. hjúka-timbr, m. a nickname, Grett. 20 new Ed. (hjúki, v. l.)
m. convivial meeting.
m. [the latter part is prob. borrowed from the Engl. club, qs. hjú-kólfr = people’s club, and is not to be derived from hjúka]:—a club-house, inn, Fms. ix. 453, Sturl. ii. 124: metaph., Bs. i. 137.
n. = hjón.
and hjón, n. = hjú:
I. usually in pl., man and wife, Rm. passim; skylt er hvárt hjóna at færa annat fram á fé sínu, ef annat hjóna fær gæzlu-sótt, ef því hjóna batnar heilsa, Grág. i. 287; ok eru þau tvau ein hjún (þau tuau hjúna, v. l.), N. G. L. i. 340; annat-tveggja hjóna, Grág. i. 212; um hjón tvau erlendis, id.; Höskuldr bað hana vinna þeim hjónum, Ld. 34; skamliga stöndum vit nökvið hjún, Sks. 504 (Adam and Eve): in the saying, hús skal hjóna (dat.) fá, i. e. there must be a house for a wedded pair, first a house then a household, Bs. i. 60.
COMPDS: hjónaband, hjónahatr, hjónaligr, hjónarúm, hjónarýgr, hjónasamband, hjónaskilnaðr, hjónasæng, hjónavígsla, hjúnalag.
II. domestics, household people; Hallr ok hjún hans, Hallr spurði hjún sín hversu þeim þóknaðisk athæfi Kristinna manna, en þau létu vel yfir, Hallr var skírðr ok hjún hans öll, Bs. i. 12; at hjón mín hafi hart, svelta hjón sín, Band. 38; var hann nú í Hólmi ok hjón hans (Ed. kona wrongly), Bjarn. 39; hjónin (the servants) heituðusk við at hlaupa í brott, þá líkar hjónum vel, 27; Þórð ok hjón hans öll, Landn. 134; búandinn ok::ll hjúnin, Edda 28; …
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n., -fæzla, u, f., -framfærsla, u, f. the maintenance of a household, Gþl. 351.
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n. = hjónaband, N. G. L. i. 340, 350, H. E. ii. 75.
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adj. having many servants, Ld. 124.
(að), v. to shroud (a corpse).
að, to shroud (a corpse), Fas. i. 456.
m. a kind of doublet.
m., older form júpr, Fms. x. 415, [a word of for. origin, cp. Germ. joppe, Fr. jupe]:—a doublet, Fr. pourpoint; hafði rauðan hjúp yrir brynju, Fms. vii. 55, 56, viii. 404; silki-h., a silk doublet; skinn-h., q. v.
II. in mod. usage freq. in metaph. = dress, clothing.
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a, m. [from A. S. heope, Engl. heps or hips, Dan. hyben], a hectic red colour caused by blood between the skin and flesh, Fél. ix. 223;—so called from the colour of these berries.
n. bond of matrimony.
n. the bond of matrimony, K. Á. 16, H. E. i. 523.
n. cohabitation.
n. the ‘knowing’ one’s wife, cohabitation; eiga h. við konu sína, Fas. i. 250, Fms. ii. 73, Mar. 10.
n. a case referring to marriage.
n. pl. cases referring to marriage, H. E. i. 458, Bs. i. 718.
n. pl. the contracting of matrimony.
n. pl. the contracting of matrimony, K. Þ. K. 164.
n. wedlock.
n. wedlock, Stj. 426.
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n. a divorce, N. G. L. i. 151.
m. matrimony.
(hjún-skapr, MS. 671. 6, Gþl. 230, N. G. L. i. 150, 151, 376), m. matrimony, Grág. i. 287, Sturl. ii. 128, Barl. 158: = hjúskaparfar, þyrmask frá hjúnskap, N. G. L. i. 376, Str. 10, 19.
COMPDS: hjúskaparband, hjúskaparfar, hjúskaparmál, hjúskaparráð, hjúskaparsamlag, hjúskaparslit.
(gen. hjarðar, dat. ~u; pl. hjarðir), f. herd, flock.
f., gen. hjarðar, dat. hjörðu, pl. hjarðir, [Ulf. hairda = αγέλη, ποίμνη; A. S. heord; Engl. herd; O. H. G. herta; Germ. heerde; Swed.-Dan. hjord]:—a herd, flock, Hm. 20, 70, Hým. 17 (of oxen), Gþl. 400, Fms. vii. 54, N. G. L. i. 146, Fb. i. 151, Þorf. Karl. 376; gæta hjarðar, to tend flocks, Stj. 460, 462, passim: eccl., Guðs h., Hom. 85, Mar., Post.
COMPDS: hjarðarhundr, hjarðarsveinn, hjarðartröð, Hjarðar-holt, Hjarðar-dalr, Hjarðar-nes, Landn.
(gen. hjarar and hjörs, dat hjörvi), m. sword.
m., gen. hjarar and hjörs, dat. hjörvi, dat. pl. hjörum, Hm. 159, Hkv. 2. 22; gen. pl. hjörva; nom. pl. does not occur; [Ulf. hairus = μάχαιρα; A. S. heor; Hel. heru]:—poët. a sword, Vsp. 55, Ls. 49, 50: a battle is called hjör-dómr, -drífa, -dynr, -él, -flaug, -fundr, -galdr, -göll, -gráp, -gráð, -hríð, -leikr, -mót, -regn, -róg, -rödd, -senna, -sálmr, -skúr, -stefna, -veðr, -þeyr, -þing, -þrima; a warrior, hjör-drótt, -drífr, -gæðir, -lundr, -meiðr, -móði, -njörðr, -njótr, -runnr; and adjectively, hjör-djarfr, etc.; the blood, hjör-dögg, -lögr; a shield, hjör-vangr, -laut, -þilja: from some of these compds it appears that ‘hjör’ was also used as a kind of missile; in adjectives, hjör-undaðr, part. wounded by a sword; hjör-klufðr, part. cleft by a sword: in poetry the head is called hjörr Heimdala, the sword of H., Landn. 231 (in a verse).
II. in pr. names; of men, Hjörr; and in compds, Hjör-leifr: of women, Hjör-dís. …
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(gen. hjartar, dat. hirti; pl. hirtir, acc. hjörtu), m. hart, stag.
m., gen. hjartar, mod. hjörts, dat. hirti, acc. pl. hjörtu, mod. hirti; [A. S. heort; Engl. hart; O. H. G. hiruz; Germ. hirsch; Dan. hjort; Lat. cervus]:—a hart, stag, Gm., Sól., Nj. 143, K. Þ. K. 132, Edda 11, Fas. i. 205, Pr. 410, passim: hjartar-horn, n. a hart’s horn, Edda 23, Str. 3, Sól. 78: metaph. in the phrase, ríða á hirti, to be of importance; hvé mjök þat er kallat at á hirti ríði, hversu til fátækra manna var gjört í þessu lífi, Bs. i. 104, (= ríða á miklu.)
II. a pr. name, Landn.
n.
1) pile, stack;
2) pavement (in front of a homestead);
3) border, lace-work; feldr búinn hlöðum, a laced cloak.
1. n. [North. E. lad; cp. hlaða], a pile, stack (= hlaði), N. G. L. i. 136, 257.
2. a barn (= hlaða), N. G. L. i. 137: but in Icel. usually,
3. the pavement or court-yard in front of a homestead, Nj. 197, Ísl. ii. 204, 252, Bs. i. 66, Sturl. iii. 141, 279.
2. n. [this word is freq. used in poems and in pr. names of the heathen time, and although it is aspirated (as shewn by allit. in verses) and has a final ð, yet it may be derived, prob. through A. S., from Lat. laqueus; Ital. lazio; old Fr. lacs; Span, lazo; Engl. lace]:—lace, lace-work; feldr búinn hlöðum, a laced cloak, Fas. ii. 70; kyrtill hlaði búinn, O. H. L. 2 and passim; it is also used of bracelets worn on the arms, so in Bjarn. (in a verse), cp. the compd hlað-hönd. From wearing lace and bracelets a woman is in poetry called hlað-grund, hlað-nipt, hlað-norn, hlað-guðr; a distinction is made between gull-hlað, gold lace, which was worn round the head, esp. by ladies, but also by men, Orkn. 280 old Ed., Fms. ii. 264, iv. 72, vii. 34, and silki-hlað, silk lace, a ribbon: …
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I)
(hleð; hlóð, hlóðum; hlaðinn), v.
1) to pile up (h. korni í hjálma); h. grjóti (hellum) at höfði oðrum, to be present at another’s burial, to survive;
2) to build, with acc. (h. vegg, vörðu);
3) to load, esp. lade a ship (h. skip e-u, af e-u, með e-u); kistur hlaðnar af gulli, chests laden with gold;
4) to fell, lay prostrate, with dat. (gátu þeir hlaðit honum um síðir ok bundu hann); h. seglum, to take in sail;
5) to slay (bera vápn á Finnana ok fá hlaðit þeim);
6) refl., ~st at, to throng, crowd; vér viljum eigi, at fjölmenni hlaðist at (throng to see), er vér erum afklæddir; ~st á mara bóga, to mount the horses.
II)
f. store-house, barn.
u, f. [Old Engl. lathe in Chaucer, still used in North. E.; Dan. lade]:—a store-house, barn (also, hey-h., bygg-h., korn-h.), Eg. 235, Grág. ii. 286, Dropl. 18, Eb. 190, 318, Rm. 19, Rd. 284, 285, Glúm. 357, Ó. H. 30, Sturl. i. 95; hlöðu dyrr, Grett. 112, Ísl. ii. 69; hlöðu-kálfr, for the pun see Glúm. 359; hlöðu vindauga, Sturl. ii. 43; bók-hlaða, a library, (mod.)
I)
(hleð; hlóð, hlóðum; hlaðinn), v.
1) to pile up (h. korni í hjálma); h. grjóti (hellum) at höfði oðrum, to be present at another’s burial, to survive;
2) to build, with acc. (h. vegg, vörðu);
3) to load, esp. lade a ship (h. skip e-u, af e-u, með e-u); kistur hlaðnar af gulli, chests laden with gold;
4) to fell, lay prostrate, with dat. (gátu þeir hlaðit honum um síðir ok bundu hann); h. seglum, to take in sail;
5) to slay (bera vápn á Finnana ok fá hlaðit þeim);
6) refl., ~st at, to throng, crowd; vér viljum eigi, at fjölmenni hlaðist at (throng to see), er vér erum afklæddir; ~st á mara bóga, to mount the horses.
II)
f. store-house, barn.
hlóð, hlóðu, hlaðit, [Ulf. hlaþan = σωρεύειν, 2 Tim. iii. 6; A. S., O. H. G., and Hel. hladan; Engl. load, lade; Germ. laden]:—to load, esp. to lade a ship; hlaða skip, Nj. 19; hlóðu skipit með hveiti ok hunangi, Eg. 69; skip hlaðit kvikfé, Landn. 194; hlóð hann skip sitt af korni ok malti, Fms. iv. 358, Höfuðl. 1; kistur hlaðnar af gulli, chests laden with gold, Fms. xi. 85; hlaðinn íþróttum, Fær. 157.
II. to build up, Lat. struere:
1. prop. to pile; hlaða korni í hjálma eðr hlöður, O. H. L. 30; skera ok h., to cut and stack (corn), Gþl. 406: to pile up, h. köst, Orkn. 112; þeir sá hlaðit skíðum, logs piled up or stacked, Fs. 42; settu hann þar niðr ok hlóðu at grjóti; h. valköstu, O. H. L. 302 (in a verse); reynt mun slíkt verða hvárr grjóti hleðr at höfði öðrum, Nj. 141; má þat eigi víst vita hvárr hellum hleðr at höfði öðrum, Þórð. 36 new Ed.
2. to build; Kormakr hlóð vegg ok barði með hnyðju, Korm. 60, Jb. 212; þeir hlóðu þar varða er blótið hafði verit, Landn. 28, Gísl. 60; hlaða vita, Orkn. 242, v. l.; var hón (the bridge) með lím hlaðin, Karl. …
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m. pile, stack.
a, m. a pile, stack; mó-hlaði, torf-h., skíða-h., fisk-h., skreiðar-h., a slack of peat, turf, logs, fish, Gþl. 378, N. G. L. i. 420, Eb. 266, Háv. 53, Fs. 5, 42, Stj. 270; klæða-h., Grett. 160; ullar-h., Fs. 45.
2. = hlaða, a barn, Fb. ii. 228.
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f. pl. a local name in Norway, the seat of a noble family. Hlaða-jarl, m. earl of H., surname of earl Hakon, Fms.
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u, f. a loading, lading, of a ship, N. G. L. ii. 275.
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m. a bed or pillow with lace-work, Fas. i. 427.
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n. a projecting pier, a rock where a ship is laden, D. N. iv. 180; cp. the mod. phrase, hafa e-ð á hraðbergi (sic), qs. hlaðbergi, to have a thing ready at hand, Lat. in promptu.
f. a booth with walls of turf or stones.
n., see búð, Sturl. ii. 82, Nj. 223.
pp. ornamented with lace, laced (= hlöðum búinn).
part. ornamented with lace, laced, Nj. 48, 169, Vm. 129, Ísl. ii. 223, Rd. 261, Fms. vii. 225, passim.
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m. a wall surrounding the hlað, Fas. ii. 419, Safn i. 76.
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m. = hlaðberg: a local name.
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f. lace-hand, name of a Norwegian lady living at the end of the 9th century, Eg.
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m. a lace-cross, made of lace, Pm. 124 (in a church).
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a, m. the grass slope nearest to the court-yard, liggja í hlaðvarpanum.
(að), v.
1) to cry, scream (of the eagle);
2) to rejoice;
~ yfir e-u, to exult over a thing.
að, [qs. hlag-ka from hlæja], to cry, scream, of the eagle, Vsp. 50, freq. in mod. usage, cp. Landn. 162, where it is used in verse improperly of a raven, for the eagle screams (hlakkar), the raven croaks (krunkar):—metaph., the phrase, h. yfir e-u, to exult over a thing, as an eagle over its prey, Th. 5; ok hlökkuðu nú mjök yfir þessu, Grett. 128; h. yfir sigri, Mar., Al. 178; þú mátt ekki hrína upp yfir þig, það er synd at hlakka yfir vegnum mönnum, Od. xx. 412; hlakka til e-s, one screams with joy at or in prospect of a thing (of children, young people); eg hlakka til að sjá hana, eg hlakka til að fara; cp. börnin hlakka þá ok huggask, Bs. ii. 135; því hjartað mitt er helmingað, | hlakka eg til að finna það, Bb. 3. 17.
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f. a screaming with joy; til-hlakkan, joyous expectation.
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n. a dull, heavy sound, Mork. 81, 100, Lex. Poët.; see hlöm.
(að), v.
1) to give a dull, heavy sound;
2) to exult.
að, to give a dull, heavy sound; áttu hafrarnir at renna í greipr honum, ok hlammaði mjök við á hellis-gólfinu, Fas. iii. 386; this giant’s tale is a pendant to that in Od. ix. 440–460.
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and hlömmun, f. a crash, din, Hornklofi.
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a, m. a clash, a nickname, Landn. 60.
n. urine.
n. [A. S. hlond; Old Engl. land or lant], urine, Nj. 199, Fs. 147, N. G. L. i. 29, Grág. ii. 132, Skm. 35.
COMPDS: hlandausa, hlandblaðra, hlandfor, hlandskjóla, hlandtrog.
f. urine trough.
u, f. a urine trough, Edda ii. 430.
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u, f. the bladder.
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and hland-gröf, f. a sewer, Dropl. 20, Bs. i. 369.
f. urine trough.
u, f. = hlandausa, Edda ii. 634.
n. urine trough.
n. = hlandausa, Ls. 34.
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að, [hlenni], to pilfer; h. e-n e-u, Fms. vii. 114 (in a verse).
n. cart-load.
n. [hlaða; Dan. læss], a cart-load, Ísl. ii. 182, Grág. ii. 337, Dropl. 10, Karl. 196, Fb. i. 522 (hey-h., viðar-h.): the saying, opt veltir lítil þúfa þungu hlassi, a little mound often overturns a cart-load, Sturl. ii. 100 C.
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m. a cart-load of blubber, Grág. ii. 362, Vm. 130, 143, Pm. 69.
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f. [Lat. clūnis], a buttock, haunch, Edda 238.
n.
1) leap, jump (Egill hljóp yfir díkit, en þat var ekki annara manna h.);
2) run, running; taka h., to take to running, to run (hann tók h. heim til herbergis); vera í ~um ok sendiförum, to run on errands;
3) a sudden rise (in a river), flood, freshet (~ kom í ána);
4) assault (= frum~).
n. a leap; hann komsk með hlaupi undan, Eg. 12, Fms. xi. 247; hann tók hlaup heim til herbergis, i. 80; hark ok hlaup, Anal. 81: a leap, jump, Egill hljóp yfir díkit, en þat var ekki annarra manna hlaup, Eg. 531; mældu þeir Kári lengd hlaupsins með spjótskeptum sínum ok var tólf álnar, Nj. 145, v. l.; hljóp hann þá út af múrinum, þat var furðu-hátt hlaup, Fms. i. 104; h. kattarins, the bound of a cat, Edda 19: in local names, a leap, Flosa-hlaup, in the chasm in Alþingi, Völks. 1. 220; Hærings-hlaup, Grett. 149:—höfrunga-hlaup, playing like a dolphin; handa-hlaup, hand-leaping, using the hands and feet like a wheel (a boy’s game), Ísl. Þjóðs. ii. 243, 246.
II. special usages, a sudden rise or flood, of rivers flowing from glaciers, see Eggert Itin.; af Höfðárhlaupi, því at hón hafði tekit marga bæi, Bs. i. 283; hlaup kom í ána, 469: jökul-hlaup, an ice stream or avalanche.
β. coagulation, curds; mjólkr-hlaup, curdled milk; blóð-hlaup, curdled blood.
γ. procession in brullaup or brúðlaup, a bride’s leap, bridal procession, see brúðkaup. …
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(hleyp; hljóp, hljópum; hlaupinn), v.
1) to leap, jump (hann hljóp meirr en hæð sina);
hljópu þeir á hesta sína, they sprang upon their horses;
~ fyrir borð, útbyrðis, to leap overboard;
~ á sund, to leap into the water;
~ upp, to spring to one’s feet, start up (þá hljópu varðmerm upp);
2) = renna, to run (þeir ~ eptir, en hann kemst á skóg undan);
refl., ~st á brott, to run away;
3) of a river, to flood;
hjlópu vötn fram ok leysti árnar, the waters rose in flood and the ice was broken;
of ice, mikit svell var hlaupit upp (there was a great sloping sheet of ice) öðru megin fljótsins;
4) with preps.:
~ at e-m, ~ á e-n, to attack one;
~ á, to come suddenly on, spring up, of a gale (þá hljóp á útsynningr steinóði);
~ saman, of a wound, to heal over;
~ í sundr, to open up again (sárit var hlaupit í sundr).
pres. hleyp, pl. hlaupum; pret. hljóp, hljópt, hljóp, pl. hljópum, mod. hlupum; pret. subj. hlypi, hlœpi, Fms. x. 364, hljópisk, Ó. H. 246; part. pass. hlaupinn; subj. hlæpi, Ó. H. 118; læpizk, O. H. L. 82; but hlypi, Hom. 158, Ó. T. 68, l. 24: [Ulf. hlaupan = ἀναπηδαν, Mark x. 50; A. S. hleâpan, pret. hleop; Scot. loup, part. loppen; Engl. leap; Hel. hlôpan; O. H. G. hlaufan; Germ. laufen; Swed. löpa; Dan. löbe]:—to leap, jump, which, as in Engl., is the proper meaning of the word, and hence of any sudden motion, to leap or start up; hann hljóp meir en hæð sína ok eigi skemra aptr en fram fyrir sik, Nj. 29; hann hleypr ór loptinu ofan ok á straetið ok kemr standandi niðr, Fms. xi. 117; hljóp hann þá út af múrinum, i. 104; hlaupa yfir háfar stengr, viii. 207; hljópu þeir þá á hesta sína, they leaped on their horses, Nj. 263; Atli hleypr upp á skip at Rúti, 9; ef fé hleypr löggarð, if cattle leap over a fence, Grág. ii. 262; Kári hljóp upp við lagit ok brá í sundr við fótunum, Nj. 253; h. fyrir borð útbyrðis, to leap overboard, Eg. 124, Fms. x. 363, 364; Egill hljóp yfir díkit, Eg. …
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m.
1) landlouper;
2) charger (horse).
a, m. = hlaupingi, Fas. i. 149: a charger (horse), Gullþ. 13.
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m. leap-year day, the 29th of February, Rb. 90.
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u, f. leap-year mass (= Feb. 24), Rb.
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f. an intercalary night, Rb. 88.
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m. an intercalary letter, Rb. 518.
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n. an intercalary moon, Rb. 522.
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u, f. feria bissextilis, Rb. 564.
(pl. -jar), m. landlouper, runaway.
a, m. a landlouper, Barl. 114; cp. the Anglo-American loafer.
n. leap-year.
n. [from A. S. hleâp-geâr], leap-year, Grág. i. 122, Rb. 8, 108, K. Þ. K. 104, Íb. 7, 8, Sks. 56, Bs. i. 85.
COMPDS: hlaupársdagr, hlaupársmessa, hlaupársnótt, hlaupársstafr, hlaupárstungl, hlaupársvika.
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adj. precipitate, Sks. 32, v. l.
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adj. exhausted from leaping.
a. in a great flurry.
adj. in a great flurry, Fms. iii. 146.
a. precipitate.
adj. = hlaupframr, Sks. 32.
m. run-away-path (taka e-n á þeim hlaupstigi).
m. ‘leap-path,’ ‘land-louping,’ vagrancy; taka e-n af laupstigi, á þeim hlaupstigi, Hkr. iii. 290; cp. hlaupingi.
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adj. ‘leap-shy,’ wild, of a horse.
I) f. blood of sacrifice.
II) from hljóta.
f. (not n.); the gender is borne out by the genitive tein hlautar, Vellekla; as also by the dat. hlautinni, Landn. (App.) 336, in an old transcript of the lost vellum Vatnshyrna (see Kjaln. S. Ísl. ii. 403, where hlautinn):—the blood of sacrifice, used for soothsaying; this word is prob. to be derived from hlutr (hlautr), as an abbreviated form, for hlaut-blóð = sanguis sortidicus, and refers to the rite, practised in the heathen age, of enquiring into the future by dipping bunches of chips or twigs into the blood, and shaking them; those twigs were called teinar, hlaut-teinar, hlaut-viðr, blót-spánn, q. v.; the act of shaking was called hrista teina, to shake twigs, Hým. 1; kjósa hlautvið, to choose lot chips, Vsp. In Vellekla the true reading is prob. hann (earl Hakon) valdi (from velja, MS. vildi) tein hlautar, meaning the same as kjósa hlautvið in Vsp., an emendation borne out by the words ‘felldi blótspán’ (Fagrsk. l. c.) in the prose text, which is a paraphrase of the verse; the explanation of the passage in Lex. Poët. is no doubt erroneous. It was also called fella blótspán, see that word, p. 71. The walls of the temple inside and out, the altars, and the worshippers were sprinkled with the blood, the flesh of the slain cattle was to be eaten (whereas the blood was a sacrifice, as well as the means of augury, and was not to be eaten); …
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m. sacrificial bowl.
a, m. the bowl in which the hlaut was kept, Eb. 10, Hkr. l. c., Landn. l. c.
m. sacrificial twig (for sprinkling the blood with).
m., see above, Hkr. l. c., Eb. l. c.; cp. tein-hlaut.
m. rod immersed in sacrificial blood, divination rod.
m. ‘lot-twigs,’ ‘rami sortidici’ (= hlaut-teinn), Vsp. 62, cp. also Eb. 132, note 3, new Ed.
f. thaw.
u, f. a thaw, Grett. 140.
(að), v. to thaw (veðr tók at þykkna ok ~).
að, to thaw, Fbr. 59, Bs. i. 186.
(gen. -rar and -rs), m. laughter; reka upp ~, to burst out laughing; hafa e-t at ~i, to ridicule, make a laughing-stock of.
m., gen. hlátrar, Dropl. 31; mod. hlátrs: [A. S. hlæhtor; Engl. laughter; O. H. G. hlahtar; Germ. lachter; Dan. latter; Swed. löje]:—laughter, Nj. 16, Fbr. 137, Dropl. 31, Fms. iii. 182, passim; hafa (vera) at hlátri, to be a laughing-stock (at-hlátr), 623. 35, Hm. 41: sayings, opt kemr grátr eptir skelli-hlátr; skelli-h., roaring laughter; kalda-hlátr, sardonic laughter: for characteristic traits from the Sagas see esp. Glúm. ch. 7 (end), 18, Nj. ch. 12, 117, Dropl. 31, Hálfs. S. ch. 7, etc.
a. prone to laughing.
adj. prone to laughing, merry, 686 B. 2.
m. shutter (= hleri).
a, m. a shutter, Ísl. ii. 113; see hleri.
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f. [Ulf. hleiþra or hleþra = σκηνή], prop. a tent; it exists only as the local name of the old Danish capital, Fas., Fms., and in Hleiðrar-garðr, m., Landn.
(-s, -ar), m. loaf.
m. [Ulf. hlaifs; A. S. hlâf; Engl. loaf; O. H. G. hlaib; Germ. laib; Ivar Aasen levse]:—a loaf, Hm. 51, 140; af fimm hleifum brauðs ok tveimr fiskum, Mirm.; hleifar af Völsku brauði, Bev.; hleifa þunna, ökvinn hleif, Rm. 4, 28, N. G. L. i. 349, Fb. ii. 190, 334 (in a verse), D. I. i. 496; brauð-h., a loaf of bread; rúg-h., a rye loaf: of cheese, Nj. 76, ost-h.: the disk of the sun is called hleifr himins, the loaf of heaven, Bragi.
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f., pl. ar, [Goth. hlains = βουνός, Luke iii. 5; akin to Engl. lean, Gr. κλίνειν]:—a rock projecting like a pier into the sea (= hlaðberg), freq. in western Icel.; lenda við hleinina, festa skipið við hleinarnar. hleina-kræða, u, f. a crust of moss on sea rocks, Bb. 2. 13.
II. [Engl. loom, qs. loon? the A. S. form would be hlân, which however is not recorded]:—the loom in the old perpendicular weaving, Björn.
(-da), v. to guard oneself (?).
d, to save, protect (?) an απ. λεγ., [A. S. hlænan; Engl. lean; O. H. G. hleinjan; mid. H. G. leinen; Germ. lehnen; Gr. κλίνω]: þaðan af er þat orðtak at sá er forðask (forðar?) hleinir, Edda 21.
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t, in the phrase, e-m hlekkisk á, one gets impeded, suffers miscarriage, Grág. i. 281; ef allt fer vel og mér ekki hlekkist á.
(-s or -jar; pl. -ir), m. link; pl. a chain of links.
m., gen. hlekks and hlekkjar, pl. hlekkir: [A. S. hlenca (thrice in Grein); Swed. länk; Dan. lænke; Engl. link]:—a link, a chain of links, Bs. i. 341; handur-hlekkr, a ‘hand-link,’ i. e. a bracelet, Edda (Ht.): freq. in mod. usage, járn-h., iron chains, fetters.
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u, f. a broad road.
(-s, -ar), m. trap-door.
m. a lid, cover, as of a pan, cauldron, as an opening in a floor, a trap-door, Eb. 96, 136, Rd. 315, Eg. 236, Sturl. ii. 124, Fas. iii. 415, Grett. 199 new Ed.
m. robber (poet.).
a, m. [cp. Ulf. hlifan = κλέπτειν, hliftus = κλέπτης; perh. also Scot. to lift, = to steal cattle, belongs to this root, and is not the same as lift = tollere]:—a thief; hlennar ok hvinnar, thieves and pilferers, Sighvat: a king is in poetry called the foe and destroyer of hlennar, hlenna dólgr, etc., see Lex. Poët.
II. a pr. name, Landn.
m. robber, thief.
m. a ‘lifter;’ hlennimenn ok hrossa-þjófar, Hbl. 8.
n. listening; standa á hleri, to stand eaves-dropping or listening.
see hleri below.
(að), v. to listen.
and hlöra, að, prop. to stand eaves-dropping, (putting one’s ear close to the hleri), Bjarn. 24: to listen, hón lagði eyra sitt við andlit honum ok hlöraði hvárt lífs-andi væri í nösum hans, Greg. 74; hann hlörar við hliðskjáinn er á var stofunni, Bs. i. 628; at hlýða eðr hlera til þess máls sem hann er eigi til kallaðr, N. G. L. i. 438.
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a, m. or hlöri, but hleði in Korm. 10, Ísl. ii. 113; that hleri or hlöri is the better form is borne out by the mod. usage as well as by the derived hler and hlera:—a shutter or door for bedrooms and closets in old dwellings, which moved up and down in a groove or rabbet, like windows in Engl. dwellings, and locked into the threshold: the passage in Korm. S. is esp. decisive, where Kormak sees Steingerda’s feet outside between the half-shut door (hleri) and the threshold,—hann rak kerli fyrir hleðann svá at eigi gékk aptr, viz. between the threshold and the shutter, Ísl. ii. 113; hence comes the law phrase, standa á hleri (hlera?), to stand at the shutter, i. e. to stand listening, eaves-dropping, Bjarn. 43: freq. in mod. usage, as also standa of hleðum, id., Hðm. 23: in mod. usage a shutter for a window is called hleri.
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adj., mod. hlessa, q. v.; sló á hann ótta miklum svá sem hann yrði hlersi (hleyrsi, v. l.), Post. (Unger) 121.
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n. pl. ‘ear-lids,’ poët. the ears, Ad. 9.
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1. adj. indecl. [hlass], prop. ‘loaded,’ i. e. amazed, wondering.
2. t, to load, weigh; h. sér niðr, to sit down heavily.
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f. a freight, loading, N. G. L. i. 410.
(-ta, -t), v.
1) to make one run or go; to move or impel in some way;
h. njósnarmönnum á land upp, to send spies ashore;
hleypti hann annarri brúninni ofan á kinnina, he let one eye-brow sink upon the cheek;
h. hurð í lás, to shut a door;
h. ánni í veg sinn, to lead the river into its channel;
h. e-u á e-n, to cause to fall upon one (hleypti Gróa skriðu á þá);
hann hleypir út vatni miklu ór sullinum, he presses much water out of the sore;
h. ór e-m auganu, to poke the eye out;
2) to throw off (h. heimdraganum);
h. akkerum, to cast anchors;
3) h. berki af trjám, to cut the bark off the trees;
h. upp dóminum, to break up the court (by violence);
4) to gallop, ride swiftly = h. hesti (Hrungnir varð reiðr ok hleypti eptir honum).
t, [causal of hlaupa], to make one leap, make one rush or burst forth, to start or put into motion, Fms. vi. 145; þeir skáru böndin ok hleyptu á braut fólki því öllu, Ó. H. 168; Önundr hleypti njósnarmönnum á land upp, to put them ashore, Fb. ii. 280; hleypti (pulled, made sink) hann annarri brúninni ofan á kinnina, Eg. 305; h. brúnum, to knit the brows; h. hurð í lás, to shut a door, Fms. ix. 364; var hleypt fyrir hliðit stórum járnhurðum, i. 104.
2. to make to escape, emit, of anything confined or compressed, e. g. hleypa vindi ór belg, to force air out of a bellows; h. vindi ór segli, to shake the wind out of the sail; h. fé, sauðum, kúm ór kvíum, to turn out sheep, cows; h. til ánna, to put the rams to the ewes: medic., hleypa vatni, vág, blóði, to emit matter out of a sore, etc.; hann hleypir út vatni miklu ór sullinum, Vápn. 17; h. ór e-m auganu, to poke the eye out, Fs. 98: to lead a stream of water or the like, þeir hleyptu saman fleirum vötnum, Fms. iv. 359; h. ánni í farveg, Fb. ii. 280; landsfólkit var á fjöllum uppi ok hleypti ofan (rolled) stóru grjóti, Al. …
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f. galloping.
f. a galloping, Fms. ix. 357, Gullþ. 31; um-h., a sudden turn of wind.
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a, m. a landlouper, Grett. 106; cp. hlaupingi.
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in COMPDS: hleypidómr, hleypifífl, hleypiflokkr, hleypiför, hleypihvel, hleypikjóll, hleypiklumbr, hleypimaðr, hleypipiltr, hleypiskip, hleypiskúta.
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m. prejudice, hasty judgment, (mod.)
n. a headlong fool.
n. a headlong fool, Nj. 224.
m. band of rovers.
m. a band of rovers, Sturl. iii. 171, 269.
f. ramble, roving.
f. a ramble, roving, Sturl. i. 80.
n. a kind of war engine.
n. a ‘roll-wheel,’ war engine, Sks. 420.
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m. = hleypiskúta.
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m. a ram on wheels (war engine), Sks. 419.
m. rover.
m. a rover, landlouper, Lv. 75.
m. errand-boy.
m. a landlouper boy, Finnb. 322.
n. swift boat.
n. a swift boat, Hkr. iii. 388.
f. swift boat.
u, f. a swift boat, Fms. i. 167, vi. 177.
m. pl. kinsmen.
m. pl. kinsmen; mágar, sifjungar, hleytamenn, Edda (Gl.)
n.
1) part = leyti;
2) pl. affinity;
gøra ~, bindast hleytum við e-n, to marry into another’s family.
n., hleti, or hlœti, in Norse MSS. spelt leyti, whence in mod. Icel. usage leiti
I. plur. [for the root see hlaut, hlutr], kin, consanguinity; jöfra hleyti, royal blood, Fms. xi. (in a verse); görva hleyti við e-n, to marry into another’s family, Skv. 1. 34; hvárrgi þeirra Snorra né Arnkels þótti bera mega kviðinn fyrir hleyta sakir við sækjanda ok varnar-aðilja, Eb. 50, viz. Snorri being the brother-in-law to the plaintiff, Arnkell to the defendant; ef hann fengi hennar, heldr en þeim manni er ekki var við þá hleytum bundinn, Sks. 760; nauð-hleytamaðr (q. v.), a near kinsman; eiga hleyti við konu sína (= eiga hjúskap við), 689.
2. a tribe, family; hann var af því kennimaðr at sínu hleyti, 625. 88, ‘in ordine vicis suae ante Deum’ of the Vulgate, Luke i. 8; þá kom at hleyti Zacharias at fremja biskups embætti, Hom. (St.); vil ek at þú gangir í mitt hleyti þó at ek sé nánari, Stj. 425, rendering of ‘tu meo utere privilegio’ of the Vulgate, Ruth iv. 6.
II. sing. [hlutr], a share, usually spelt leiti; in the phrase, at nokkru, engu, öllu leiti, for some, none, every part; …
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m. a disciple, apprentice, a rendering of Lat. vicarius, Post. 36, opp. to meistari, analogous to Goth. siponeis, from sifjar, Skálda 180.
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hleyt-teinn, m. = hlaut-bolli, hlaut-teinn, see hlaut.
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or hleðsla, u, f. a freight, Jb. 379: a building (of a wall).
n.
1) shelter;
2) lee, lee side; sigla á h., to stand to leeward.
n. [Ulf. hlija = σκηνή, Mark ix. 5; A. S. hleô; Hel. hlea; Engl. lee; Dan. læ]:—lee, used (as in Engl.) only by seamen; sigla á hlé, to stand to leeward, Jb. 400: shelter, standa í hlé, fara í hlé, to seek shelter: mod. a pause, það varð hlé á því. hlé-borð, n. the lee side, freq., Lex. Poët.
(gen. Hlés), m. the Sea.
m., gen. Hlés, [hlé; cp. Welsh Llyr = sea], a mythol. name of a giant of the sea, Ώκεανός, Fb. i. 21. Hlés-dætr, f. pl. the daughters of H., the Nereids, Edda.
m.
1) leopard (also poet. bear, wolf);
2) shield (poet.).
m. a leopard (Old Engl. libbard), from the Greek, but used indiscriminately of a bear, wolf, etc., Edda (Gl.), Fas. i. (Skjöld. S.) 367; the word occurs as early as Hbl., of a giant.
I)
n.
1) gate, gateway (h. heitir á garði);
2) wide gap;
3) space, interval (var hvergi h. í milli);
4) space of time; pause, halt (eptir þat varð h. á orrostunni).
II)
(pl. -ar), f. side; standa á aðra h. e-m, to stand on one side of one; á tvær hliðar e-m, on either side of one; á allar hliðar, on all sides.
1. f., pl. hliðar (hliðu dat. obsolete, Gm. 35):—a side, Lat. latus; standa á hlið e-m, to stand beside one, Stor.; komask á hlið e-m, Nj. 262; á hlið hvára, on each side, Rm. 5; á aðra hlið, at one’s other side, Ísl. ii. 363, Ad. 10; á báðar hliðar, á tvær hliðar, on both sides, Fb. ii. 351; á vinstri hlið, on the left hand, Eg. 213, Fms. i. 16; á hægri hlið, on the right hand; snúask á hlið, to turn oneself (in sleep), Fs. 6; skjöldr, sverð á hlið, Gullþ. 64; á allar hliðar, on all sides; veltask á ymsar hliðar, to toss to and fro, Bs. ii. 171, Od. xx. 24; leggja e-t fyrir hlið, to lay beside, Al. 151.
2. n. [A. S. hlið; O. H. G. hlit; Dan. led; root no doubt akin to Gr. κλείς, etc.]:—a gate, gateway; hlið á garði ok hjarra-grind fyrir, Grág. ii. 264, Fsm, 10, 44, Rb. 380, Edda 110, Eg. 244, Fms. i. 104, v. 331, passim.
2. a wide gap, Stor. 6, Fms. i. 105, Gþl. 391, N. G. L. i. 344, Orkn. 350, Sks. 398: in law a gap in a fence not above sixty feet long was hlið, if more it was a breach (bálka-brot), Gþl. …
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(að), v. to give way, recede (~ undan, ~ fyrir e-m);
refl., ~st, to become open.
að, to give way, go aside, recede, Fas. i. 106, 338, Bs. ii. 132, Karl. 233.
II. reflex, to become open, Sks. 384.
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m., poët. an ox, Edda (Gl.)
a. without a gate or opening (veggir hliðlausir).
adj. ‘gateless,’ without a gate, Bret. 34.
pp. said in oblique speech.
part. a kind of metre, Edda (Ht.) 186.
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n. open space, free passage, Fsm. 43.
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f. a side glance; hafa h. af e-u, to take a look at.
f. the seat of Odin.
f., old dat. hliðskjálfu, Gm. (prose): [prob. rather to be derived from hlið, gate, than hlið, side; the initial h is borne out by alliteration, Sagði hitt er hugði | Hliðskjálfar gramr …, Edda (in a verse); in Akv. 14 the sense and alliteration alike require höll, hall, instead of ‘land’]:—a shelf, bench, a name for the seat of Odin, whence he looked out over all the worlds, Edda 6, 12, 22, 30, Gm. l. c.; Óðinn ok Frigg sátu í Hliðskjálfu ok sá um heima alla, Gm. l. c. The heathen Hlið-skjálf brings to mind the legend in Grimm’s Märchen of the Tailor in Heaven.
m. side window.
m. a side window, originally a window or opening from which to keep a look out, Sturl. ii. 85, Bs. i. 628.
m. side wall.
m. a side wall, Nj. 202, Orkn. 244, Fb. i. 413.
m. porter.
m. a porter, Stj. 622, Gkv. 2, 35.
(pl. -ir), f. mountain side, slope (fagrar hlíðir grasi vaxnar).
f., in mod. usage pl. hlíðar, but hlíðir in old writers, e. g. Landn. 224, Fms. vi. 197 (in a verse), Hkv. 1. 43, Sighvat: [A. S. hlîð; Norse li; lost in Dan.; cp. Lat. clivus; akin to Gr. and Lat. κλίνω, clino]:—a slope, mountain side, Edda 110; svá at sær var í miðjum hlíðum eða stundum vatnaði land, Ó. H. 149, Landn. 25, v. l.; út með hlíðum, Gullþ. 68; fjalls-hlið, a fell-side, q, v.; fagrar hlíðir grasi vaxnar, Grett. 137; ek mun ríða inn með hlíðinni, Glúm. 361, 362; út með hlíðinni, upp í miðjar hlíðar, etc., passim: hlíðar-brún, f. the edge of a h.: hlíðar-fótr, m. the foot of a h.: hlíðar-garðr, m. a fence on a fell-side dividing the pastures of two farms, Dipl. v. 25.
II. local names; Fljóts-hlíð and Hlíð, Landn. passim; Norse Lier, Lie, Landn., Nj.: Hlíðar-sól, f. sun of the Hlíð, nickname of a fair lady, Landn.: Hlíðar-menn or Hlíð-menn, m. pl. the men from Hlíð, Landn.
III. freq., in poët. circumlocutions, of a woman; …
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n., poët. ‘fell-tang,’ seaweed of the hills, Alm., where the inmates of Hel are made to call the trees by this name.
(pl. -ar), f. cover, shelter, protection, esp. shield.
f., pl. hlífar, a cover, shelter, protection (esp. of a shield, armour), Ld. 244, Eg. 507, Bxarð. 165, Hm. 81, passim: esp. in pl. hlífar, Nj. 262, Fms. ii. 319, Eb. 230, Rm. 39. hlífar-lauss (hlífa-lauss), adj. ‘coverless,’ uncovered, Fms. ii. 205, vi. 70, vii. 192, Ísl. ii. 226.
(-ða, -t), v.
1) to shelter, protect, with dat. (h. sér með skildi, en vega með sverði);
2) to spare, deal gently with (mun ek ekki h. þér í gørðinni);
refl., ~st við e-n, to spare one (hann hlífðist þá við engan mann); h. við at gøra e-t, to refrain from doing a thing; h. við, to hold back (sumir hlífðust við mjök).
ð, [Ulf. hleibjan, Luke i. 54; O. H. G. hliban]:—to give cover or shelter to one, with dat.; sem ræfrit hlífir kirkjunni við regni, Hom. 95; (hann) hlífði sér ekki, gave himself (had) no shield or armour, Fms. i. 40; því at baeði hlífir (shelters) innan ok útan, x. 319, Fs. 66; h. e-m við e-u, to give one shelter against a thing, Gullþ. 48; ok hljópu í skóginn, ok létu hann hlífa sér, Fb. ii. 88; hlífa sér með skildi, en vega með sverði, 92.
2. to spare one, Grág. i. 163; síðan hlífði hann messudegi hins heilaga Ólafs konungs, Fms. v. 217; Þorgils hlífir sér ekki, Ísl. ii. 368; mun ek ekki hlifa þér í görðinni, Nj. 21, Finnb. 262.
II. reflex, to cover oneself, Eg. 581, Sks. 430.
2. to refrain, hold back, Fms. ii. 135; hann hlífðisk þá við engan mann, Nj. 26; Þiðrandi bað menn sína hlífask við fóstra sinn, Njarð. 370; Þorgils hlífisk ekki við, Ísl. ii. 368.
f. protection, defence.
f. protection, defence, Fms. ii. 331; hlífðar vápn, a weapon of defence, Ó H. 79, Fms. x. 407, K. Á. 40, Al. 46, Sks. 329. hlífðar-lauss, adj. = hlífarlauss, Fagrsk. 144.
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m. (hlífi-skjöldr, Nj. 262, Sks. 472), a shield of defence; esp. metaph., vera h. fyrir e-m, 655 A. ii. 5, Fms. viii. 63, 239, Bret. 104; halda h. fyrir e-m, Hom. 42.
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f. the goddess of that name (the wife of Odin), she that defends, [for the etym. see hlein], Edda, Vsp., Lex. Poët.: freq. in poët. phrases, hringa-hlín, bauga-h., a lady.
f. sufficiency, satisfaction; til (nökkurrar) hlítar, tolerably, pretty well; at góðri h., very well indeed.
f. (hlíta, Fms. viii. 91, v. l., Hkr. i. 199), [Dan. lid], sufficiency, full warranty, security; nú skal ek sjálfr halda vörð, hefði þat fyrr þótt nokkur hlít, Fms. viii. 91; ek mun hafa landráð meðan, ok vættir mik þat sé nokkur hlít slíka stund, xi. 22; bar hann sik at nokkurri hlit (tolerably well) meðan vér ruddum skipit, iv. 261, Hkr. i. 199; þann er biskupi þykki full hlít, K. Þ. K. 18 (1853); hlít var at því lítil, of small matter, Dropl. (in a verse).
β. adverb. phrases; til hlítar, tolerably, pretty well; árferð var þá til nokkurrar hlítar, Fms. i. 86, vii. 237, Fær. 257, Ó. H. 116; til góðrar hlítar, pretty good, 110, Eg. 590; at goðri hlít, very well indeed, Fms. iv. 250; hlítar vel, well enough, Fas. ii. 268; hlítar fagr, passably fair, Mirm.; skip skipat til hlítar, a ship well manned, Fms. i. 196: in mod. usage, til hlítar, adv. sufficiently, thoroughly, freq.
(-tta, -tt), v.
1) to rely on, trust, with dat. (hlítir Ástríðr ekki öðrum konum at því at þjóna honum í lauginni);
2) to rest satisfied with, be content with (var hann kvæntr, en hlítti þó eigi þeirri einni saman); eigi má því einu h., er bezt þykkir, one must put up with something short of the best; eigi mun minna við h., less than that will not do; eigi muntu því einu fyrir h., thou shalt not get off with that;
3) to submit to, abide by (h. sætt, h. órskurði, dómi, ráðum e-s).
tt, [Dan. lide], to rely on, trust, abide by, with dat.; gakk með mér jafnan, ok hlít (imperat.) mínum ráðum, Nj. 62, Fms. i. 116, Fs. 84; ef hann vill eigi þeim váttum hlíta (abide by) er hinir hafa, Grág. i. 114; þá skal hinn hlíta því at lögum, N. G. L. i. 346; þetta þá Guðrún ok kvaðsk hans forsjá hlíta mundu, Ld. 144, Fs. 80, Fas. iii. 70; ek mun hlíta búum mínum ok fara eigi til Hofs, Vápn. 29; hann var kvæntr, ok hlítti þó ekki þeirri einni saman, i. e. he had paramours besides, Dropl. 15; ok hlítir Ástríðr eigi öðrum konum í pvi at þjóna honum í lauginni, A. trusted not to other women, i. e. would let no one do it but herself, Fms. xi. 157; ok skal ekki öðrum mönnum nú at h. at reka nautin, i. e. I will do it myself, Eg. 720, Valla L. 224; þeir hlíttu mér (used me) til bréfa-görða, Fms. ix. 262; ef þú mátt eigi öðrum þar til hlíta, if thou hast no one else to do it, Grett. 107: so in the saying, eigi má því einu h. er bazt þykkir, one must put up with something short of the best, Grett.
2. with prep.; en þó sýnisk mér, sem eigi muni minna við hlíta, less than that will not do, Ísl. ii. …
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adj. trusting to no one but oneself, daring, Lex. Poët.
n.
1) silence, hearing; biðja (kveðja sér) ~s, to beg (ask for) a hearing (Njáll kvaddi sér ~s); fá h., to get a hearing; þegja þunnu ~i, to keep a watchful silence; af ~i, í ~i, in all stillness, silently;
2) sound (Þorfinnr kom engu ~i lúðrinn); koma á h. um e-t, to become aware of; drepr h. ór e-m, one is struck dumb;
3) musical sound, tune;
4) trumpet (h. Heimdallar = Gjallarhorn).
n. [Ulf. hliuþ = ἡσυχία, 1 Tim. ii. 11, in Uppström’s edition; cp. A. S. hleoðor = sound; mid. H. G. lût; cp. O. H. G. hliodar; Germ. laut; Dan. lyd; Swed. ljud; akin to it are several Gr. and Lat. words with an initial κλ, cl; the original meaning is hearing or the thing heard, like Gr. ἀκοή and hljóð, hljómr, hlust (q. v.) are kindred words; hence comes the double sense of this word in Icel., sound and silence.]
A. Hearing, a hearing, listening, silence; biðja (kveðja) hljóðs, to beg a hearing, chiefly as a parliamentary term, of one about to speak, to recite a poem before a prince or the like; Njáll kvaddi sér hljóðs, Nj. 105; kvæði hefi ek ort um yðr, ok vilda ek hljóð fá, I wished to get a hearing, Ísl. ii. 229; Egill hóf upp kvæðit ok kvað hátt ok fékk þegar hljóð, Eg. 427, cp. Vsp. 1, Höfuðl. 2; vilja ek hljóð at Hárs liði, I ask a hearing for my song, Ht. 1; ek hefi ort kvæði um yðr ok vilda ek fá hljóð at flytja, Fms. ii. 15; gefa h., to give a hearing, Leiðarv. 5; hafit hljóð, be quiet! 625. 72; þá er bæði gott hljóð ok góðir siðir í konungs húsi, Sks. …
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(að), v. to sound (hverr stafr ~r með löngu hljóði eða skömmu).
að, [Germ. lauten; Dan. lyde], to sound; hversu hverr stafr hljóðar, Skálda 159, Mar., Bs. ii. passim; rödd hljóðar í hans eyra, Mar.: to run, of speech and writing, eptir því sem letrið hljóðar, Stj. 29; réttarbót er svá hljóðar, a writ which runs thus, Bs. i; whence the phrase, svo hljóðandi, to this effect, as follows.
2. to scream with pain, of horror; þeir hljóðuðu og fórnuðu til mín höndunum, Od. x. 255; þeir hljóðuðu afskapliga, xxii. 308: also of a child, see hljóð above; farðu að hugga barnið, það er að hljóða.
a. sounding;
sorgsamliga ~, having a plaintive note.
part. sounding, Stj. 90.
f. sound, tune.
f. a sound, Stj. 4, 45, 80, 334: a tune, með fagrlegri h., Bs. i. 155; sam-h., harmony, Stj.: wording, utterance, freq. in mod. usage; eptir orðanna h., according to the exact words, the sound (run) of the words.
(að), v. to become silent; þar til ~r um mál þessi, till the noise about it subsides.
að, to become silent, dumb, from surprise, Sturl. ii. 151 (v. l.), Fas. iii. 311: impers., þá hljóðnar um hann, he became silent, ii. 433; þar til hljóðnar um mál þessi, till the noise about it subsides, Grett. 125 A.
(hljóð, hljótt), a. silent, taciturn; tala hljótt, to speak in a low voice; láta hljótt um sik, to keep quiet: var hljótt, there was silence.
adj. [cp. A. S. hlûde, Engl. aloud, mid. H. G. lûte, Germ. laut, but all in the opp. sense of aloud; cp. hljóð]:—silent, taciturn, 677. 12, Sks. 367, 370, Hom. 129; menn prúða ok hljóða, Fb. ii. 288.
β. melancholy, sad; var hann h. ok mælti ekki við aðra menn, biskup spurði hvat hann hugsaði er hann var svá hljóðr, Fb. ii. 329, Eg. 95, Fms. i. 208, Nj. 9, passim.
2. neut. hljótt, stillness, silence; er hann settisk niðr þá var hljótt, Ó. H. 68; er hljótt var orðit, Fms. xi. 85; göra h. um sik, to keep quiet, Grett. 198 new Ed.; tala hljótt, to speak in a low voice or secretly, Nj. 118.
f.
1) a kind of sound;
2) pronunciation;
3) accentuation.
hljóða-grein, f. distinction of sound or a kind of sound, Edda 120, Skálda 160, 170, 175, 179, Stj. 45.
f. tinkling bell.
u, f. a tinkling bell, Karl. 157.
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adj. rumoured abroad.
n. consonancy.
n. consonancy (metric.), Edda 121.
f. euphony.
f. euphony, Skálda 178.
f. = stuðill.
f., hljóð-fyllandi, a, m., better ljóð-fylling, q. v.
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n. a musical instrument, Fms. iii. 184, Fas. iii. 220, 221, Vígl. 16.
a. well-tuned.
adj. well-tuned, Bs. ii. 39.
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f. pl., poët. ‘sound-tongs,’ i. e. the mouth, Lex. Poët.
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adj. still, quiet, Fms. ix. 23, v. l.
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adj. soundless, Pm. 106 (of bells).
a. reticent, taciturn.
adj. still, taciturn, Sturl. ii. 185, Dropl. 7.
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a, m. silence, sadness, Fbr. 142.
adv. in all stillness, silently.
adv. silently, in all stillness, Eg. 261, Nj. 33, Fms. i. 204, vi. 179, Fas. ii. 517.
a. silent.
adj. silent; þung ok h. sótt, a heavy and creeping sickness, Sturl. ii. 186.
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adj. faintly sounding, Pm. 61 (of bells).
a. taciturn.
adj. taciturn, Eb. 42, Nj. 91, Fms. vi. 189, Bs. ii. 155.
n. stillness.
n. stillness, silence.
a. shrill-sounding.
adj. shrill-sounding, Grett. 111.
n. secrecy; fœra e-t í ~, to hush up.
n. whispering, secrecy; færa í h., to hush up, Ld. 206, Nj. 51.
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m. name of a dwarf, Lex. Poët.
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u, f. a flute, (mod.)
adv. = hljóðliga.
adv. (-ligr, adj.), = hljóðliga, Hkr. ii. 220.
a. = hljóðr.
adj. = hljóðr, Fms. viii. 81, Hkr. ii. 252.
f. stillness, calmness.
f. silence, Post. 74.
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n. whispering.
m. vowel.
m. a vowel, litera vocalis, Edda 121, Skálda 161.
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að, to sound, of a musical voice, Pass. passim.
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f. sound, tune, Skálda 179.
(gen. -s), m. sound, tune.
m. [Ulf. hliuma = ἀκοή; cp. A. S. hlymman = sonare; Lat. clāmor], a sound, tune, voice, Gs. 2, Hkr. ii. 393; h. engla Guðs, Post. 645. 73; h. ok rödd, Ísl. ii. 170, Rb. 380: chiefly of tunes in music, as in the ditty, Held eg sem helgan dóm | hörpunnar sætan róm | þann til að heyra hljóm | hlypi eg suðr í Róm.
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adj. sweet sounding; h. harpa, Bs. i.
(hlýt; hlaut, hlutum; hlotinn), v.
1) to get by lot, to have allotted to oneself (hón hlaut at sitja hjá Björgólfi);
2) to get (h. sigr); margir hlutu gott af hans ráðum, many benefited by his counsels;
3) to undergo, suffer (h. högg, úför, harm);
4) to be obliged to; svá mun nú h. at vera, it must needs be so; fara hlýtr þú með mér, thou must go with me;
5) refl., ~st af e-u, to result or proceed from (mun hér h. af margs manns bani); hlauzt svá til, at þá tunn átti Ingimundr, it so happened that.
pres. hlýt, pl. hljótum; pret. hlaut, hlauzt, hlaut, pl. hlutum; subj. hlyti; part. hlotinn, neut. hlotið: [A. S. hleôtan; O. H. G. hliuzan; mid. H. G. liuze; Ivar Aasen liota]:—to get by lot, have allotted to oneself; þeir tóku at herfangi Álöfu konu hans ok Arneiði dóttur hans, ok hlaut Hólmfastr hana, Landn. 314; hón hlaut at sitja hjá Björgölfi, Eg. 23; þeir lögðu hluti á ok hlaut Þrándr, Fær. 3; var svá til sýst at Sighvatr skáld hlaut at segja konungi, Fms. vi. 38; (Loki) hlaut blása at helgum skutli, Haustl. 4; skal sá reifa mál hans er hlýtr, who gets the lot, whom the lot falls on, Grág. i. 63.
2. to get; vér munum hljóta þunnar fylkingar, Fms. v. 53; menn vegnir eða sárir þrír eða fleiri ok sé hlotnir í hvárn-tveggja flokk, Grág. ii. 114.
3. to undergo, suffer, bide; hljóta högg. Fms. xi. 151; úför, 113; harm, i. 21; vel er, at þú hlautzt slíkt af konungi, Hkr. ii. 319.
II. metaph., absol. must needs be, with infin.; svá mun nú hljóta at vera at sinni sem þú vill, Fms. i. 159; hefir margr hlotið um sárt at binda fyrir mér, Nj. 54; hér muntú vera hljóta, 129; þú munt ríða h. …
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að, dep. to fall to one’s lot, with dat.; en ef honum hlotnuðusk herteknir menn, Fms. i. 258: freq. in mod. usage, Pass. 36. 10; ok þá honum hlotnaðist að hann skyldi veifa reykelsinu, Luke i. 9; hlotuask til, to turn out; hlotnaðisk svá til, Vígl. 57 new Ed.
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see hlutr, Fms. xi. 128.
v. to be boiling hot.
ð, [A. S. hlowan; Engl. low], to bellow, roar, of streams or cascades, Gm. 29, an απ. λεγ., but no doubt to be thus explained, and not as in Lex. Poët.
from hlaða.
n. pl. [hlaða], a hearth, chimney-place, freq. in mod. usage (it can only be by chance that no old reference is on record); setja pott á hlóðir, to set the pot on the fire. hlóða-karl, m. = hadda, q. v.
(gen. -ynjar), f. the Earth.
f., gen. hlóðynjar, the mythical name of the Earth, prop. hearth (?), homestead (?), and akin to hlóð, Edda, Lex. Poët.
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u, f. the mythical name of the foster mother or nurse of Thor, Edda.
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a, m. [hlóa and reið = thunder], one of the names of Thor, the Bellowing Thunderer, Edda, Hým., Þkv., Ls., Vellekla.
(-s, -ir), m.
1) = hlummr;
2) roller = hlunnr.
m., pl. ir, proncd. hlummr, the handle of an oar, Fas. i. 215 (hlumir), ii. 355 (where hlummar pl.), Edda (Ht., where hlumr and sumri are rhymed), Sturl. iii. 68, Glúm. 395.
(að), v. to give a dull, hollow sound (brúin ~ði undir hófunum hestanna).
að, [hlymr], to give a dull, hollow sound, Fms. xi. 280, Skáld H. R. 4. 19.
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m. a dull sound, a thump.
n. pl. emoluments.
n. pl. [hlunnr], prop. ‘launching,’ but only used metaph., emoluments, esp. attached to an estate or possession, Gþl. 68, 293, Vm. 55, Eb. 40, Fms. ix. 95.
(-s, -ar), m. roller for launching or drawing up ships.
m. [Shetl. linn; cp. Engl. to launch, which is derived from the Scandin. word]:—a roller for launching ships, Edda 38, Fms. vii. 19, viii. 45: also of the pieces of wood put under the keel of ships when ashore (during the winter ships used to be dragged ashore, called ráða skipi til hlunns), Grág. i. 92, 209, N. G. L. i. 26, Eg. 515, Nj. 10, Lex. Poët. passim: in poetry a ship is called hlunn-dýr, -fákr, -goti, -jór, -vigg, -vitnir, -vísundr, = the deer, steed, bison of h., Lex. Poët.
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n. reddening the h., so called when a person was killed in launching a ship (in the spring), Fas. i. 264, N. G. L. i. 65: this was taken to be a bad augury, see Ragn. S. ch. 9 (Fas. i. 259, 260).
(pl. -ir), f. ear (= eyra).
f. [A. S. hlyst; Hel. hlust = hearing; cp. Gr. κλύω], the ear, prop. the inner part of the ear, cochlea auris, Ad. 6, 9, Nj. 210 (v. l.), Fms. ii. 100, Edda 109, Band. 36 new Ed., Sturl. ii. 85, Eg. 758 (in a verse), passim: the ears of beasts, e. g. seals, bears, birds, or the like are usually called hlust, not eyra, Merl. 1. 38, Fb. i. 133, Eb. 99 new Ed. (v. l.), Fas. ii. 237, Fs. 149, 179. hlustar-verkr, m. ear-ache, otalgia, Fél.
(að), v. to listen (h. til e-s).
að, [A. S. hlystan; Engl. listen; cp. hlust], to listen; h. til e-s, 623. 34: in mod. usage, h. á e-ð, freq.
(að), v.
1) to draw (cast) lots for a thing (h. e-t or h. um e-t);
2) to select by lot (vóru menn ~ðir til skipstjórnar);
3) refl., ~ðist svá til, at, it so turned out that (= hlauzt svá til, at); ~st til e-s, to meddle with a thing (ekki hefi ek ~zt til málaferla, yðvarra); h. til með em, to assist one in a case.
að, [A. S. hluton; Engl. lot; Germ. loosen], to draw lots for a thing, obtain by lot, the thing in acc. or infin.; þar var hlutaðr tvímenningr, Eg. 22; þar skyldi sæti (acc. pl.) hluta, the seats were allotted, 247; þeir eigu at h. með sér hverr reifa skal mál hans, Grág. i. 63; þær sakir skal eigi hluta er um veföng er sótt, 74; þá eigu þeir at h. með sér, hvárr þeirra annask skal (the ómagi), 266; svá lízt mér at annarr hvárr okkarr sæki málit, ok munu vit þá verða at hluta með okkr, Nj. 86; þá vóru hlutaðar framsögur, ok hlaut hann fyrst fram at segja sína sök, 232; vóru menn hlutaðir til skip-stjórnar, Fb. ii. 317; urðu þeir á þat sáttir um síðir, at hlutað var hverr þetta eyrindi skyldi fram segja, Fms. vi. 38; skyldi … hluta með Grikkjum ok Væringjum, hvárir fyrri skyldi ríða eðr róa, etc., 136; þat mál samdisk á þá leið, at konungar skyldi hluta um, hvárr ráða skyldi þaðan í frá, vii. 170: mæltu þá konungar sín í milli, at þeir skyldi hluta um eign þá ok kasta teningum, Ó. H. 90; slítum vér eigi þenna kyrtil heldr hlutum vér hann, Greg. 1.
II. reflex.:
1. to be allotted, to fall out, turn out; ok hlutaðisk svá til, it so turned out, Bs. …
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