f. pot-hook, pot-handle.
u, f. (halda, Rd. 315, l. 14), [Ivar Aasen hodda, hadde, holle]:—a pot-hook or rather pot-links, for the hadda was a chain of rings rather than a mere handle, as is seen from Hým. 34—en á hælum hringar skullu—compared with, heyrði til höddu þá er Þórr bar hverinn, Skálda 168; hann kastaði katlinum svá at haddan skall við (rattled), Fms. vi. 364; hann dró á hönd sér höddu er ifir var bollanum, Ó. H. 135; ketill var upp yfir rekkjuna ok reist upp haddan yfir katlinum, ok vóru þar á festir hringar, … þá féll haldan á katlinum því at hann hafði komit við festina, Rd. 314, 315; hann krækti undir hödduna hinum minsta fingri ok fleytti honum (the kettle) jafnhátt ökla, Fb. i. 524; at konungr mundi gína yfir ketil-hödduna, … ok var haddan orðin feit, … konungr brá líndúk um hödduna ok gein yfir, Fms. i. 36.
(-s, -ar), m. a lady’s hair.
m. [Goth. hazds; A. S. prob. heard, v. infra], hair, only in poetry a lady’s hair; haddr Sifjar, the gold-hair of the goddess Sif., Edda 69, 70; hár heitir lá, haddr þat er konur hafa, 109; bleikja hadda, to bleach, dress the hair, 75, Korm. 26, Gkv. 1. 15; bleikir haddar, Fas. i. 478; grass is called haddr jarðar, Bm.; hadds höll is the head, Eb. (in a verse). haddaðr, part. hairy, Lat. crinitus; barr-h., barley-haired, an epithet of the earth; bjart-h., bright-haired; bleik-h., blond-haired; hvít-h., white-haired, Lex. Poët. hadd-bjartr, adj. bright-haired, blond, Hornklofi. hadd-blik, n. bleaching the hair, Edda 77. Haddingr, m. a pr. name of a mythical hero, = comatus, cp. A. S. hearding, Goth. hazdiggs, Engl. Harding, Lex. Poët., Munch i. 217. Haddingja-skati, a, m. a nickname, Sæm.
from ‘Höðr’.
m. pl. the inhabitants of Haða-land, a Norse county, Fms. xii.
f. a young she-goat.
u, f. (not hauðna, for the pl. is hoðnor, Grág. i. 503), [cp. Lat. hoedus], a young she-goat (one year old), Grág. i. 503, Bk. 20.
COMPDS: höðnukið, höðnuleif.
I)
n. the sea, esp. the high sea, ocean; sigla (láta) í ~, sigla á ~ út, to put to sea; hann dó í hafi, he died at sea.
II)
n. lifting (úlíkligr til hafs).
n. [Swed. haf; Dan. hav; formed from hefja, to lift; a Scandin. word, which seems not to occur in Saxon or Germ.]:—the sea, Hdl. 38; esp. the high sea, the ocean; sigla í (á) haf, láta í haf, to put to sea, Eg. 69, Nj. 4; fimm (sex) dægra haf, five (six) days’ sail, Landn. 26; koma af hafi, to come off the sea, i. e. to land, Eg. 392; en haf svá mikit millum landanna, at eigi er fært langskipum, Hkr. i. 229; harm sigldi norðr í haf um haustið, ok fengu ofviðri mikit í hafi, Ó. H. 26; sigldi Þórarinn þá á haf út, 125; sigldu síðan á haf út þegar byr gaf, Eg. 125; en byrr bar þá í haf út, id.; en er sóttisk hafit, 126; liggja til hafs, to lie to and wait for a wind, Bs. i. 16; hann dó í hafi, he died at sea, Landn. 264; þeir vissusk jafnan til í hafinu, 56; veita e-m far um hafit, Eb. 196; tyrir austan mitt haf, beyond the sea (i. e. between Iceland and Scandinavia); en er inn sækir í fjörðinn þá er þar svá vítt sem mikit haf, Fms. vi. 296 (for the explanation of this passage see Aarböger for Nord. Oldk. 1868); útí fjarðar-kjapta þar til er haf tekr við, Bs. i. 482: in plur., ganga höf stór ór útsjánum inn í jörðina, Hkr. …
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(hefi; hafða, höfðum; hafðr), v.
1) to have (þeir höfðu sjau skip ok flest stór);
~ elda, to keep up a five;
2) to hold, celebrate (~ vinaboð, blót, þing);
3) to keep, retain (rifu þær vefinn í sundr, ok hafði hverr þat er hélt á);
4) to use (tvau net eru rý, ok ~ eigi höfð verit);
orð þau sem hann hafði um haft, which he had made use of;
~ fagrmæli við e-n, to flatter one;
~ hljóðmæli við e-n, to speak secretly to one;
~ tvimæli á e-u, to speak doubtfully of a thing;
~ viðrmæli um e-t, to use mocking words;
hann var mjök hafðr við mál manna, much used to, versed in, lawsuits;
5) to have, hold, maintain;
~ vináttu við e-n, to maintain friendship with one;
~ hættumikit, to run a great risk;
~ heilindi, to have good health;
6) to bring, carry;
~ e-n heim með sér, to bring one home;
hann hafði lög, út hingat ór Noregi, he brought laws hither from Norway;
~ sik (to betake oneself) til annara landa;
7) to take, carry off;
troll hafi þik, the trolls take thee;
8) to get, gain, win;
hann hafði eigi svefn, he got no sleep;
hefir sá jafnan, er hættir, he wins that ventures; …
pret. hafði; subj. hefði; pres. sing. hefi (less correctly hefir), hefir, hefir; plur. höfum, hafit, hafa: the mod. pres. sing. is monosyllabic hefr or hefur, and is used so in rhymes—andvara engan hefur | … við glys heims gálaus sefur, Pass. 15. 6, but in print the true old form hefir is still retained; the monosyllabic present is used even by old writers in the 1st pers. before the personal or negative suffix, e. g. hef-k and hef-k-a ek for hefi-g and hefig-a ek, see e. g. Grág. (Kb.) 79, 82, in the old oath formula, hef-k eigi, Hallfred; hef ek, Fms. iii. 10 (in a verse); but not so in 3rd pers., e. g. hefir-a or hefir-at, Grág. l. c.: imperat. haf, hafðu: part. pass. hafðr, neut. haft;—hafat is an απ. λεγ., Vsp. 16, and is prob. qs. hafit from hefja, to heave, lift: [Ulf. haban; A. S. habban; Engl. have; Hel. hebben; Germ. haben; Dutch hebben; Dan. have, Swed. hafva: it is curious the Lat. form habere retains the consonant unchanged, cp. the Romance forms, Ital. avere, Fr. avoir, Span. haber, etc. ☞ Hafa is a weak verb, and thus distinguished from hefja (to lift, begin), which is a strong verb, answering to Lat. …
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n. (qs. hafhald), the perpendicular thrums that hold the weft.
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u, f. the name of a poem (a votive poem composed during a tornado), Landn. 320.
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a, m. name of a giant, Edda (Gl.)
(að), v. to forsake, abandon, with dat. (~ fornum sið, blótum ok heiðnum góðum);
kýr ~ði átinu, the cow left off eating.
að, to forsake, abandon, with dat.; hafna blótum ok heiðnum goðum, Fms. i. 33; h. fornum sið, Eb. 12; h. fornum átrúnaði, Anal. 141; h. fjándanum, K. Á. 74; h. líkamligum lystingum, 671. 4; h. boðum e-s, to disobey one’s orders, Andr. 65; h. ráði e-s, Al. 166; kýr hafnaði átinu, the cow left off eating, Bs. i. 194; ef hann hafnaði sínum úkynnum, Fms. v. 218; opt hafnar mær manni fyrir litla sök, MS. 4. 6; áðr ek þér hafna, lest I forsake thee, Korm. 50 (in a verse); h. hungri, poët. to feast, Fms. xi. 138 (in a verse); h. fjörvi, to die, Hkr. i. (in a verse); h. nafni e-s, to disown one, Hallfred; hafnið Nefju nafna, ye forsake (disgrace) the namesake of Nefja, Hkr. i. (in a verse); fyrir-litinn eða hafnaðr, Stj. 157, 173: part. hafnandi forsaking, Sks. 3.
II. reflex. of cows and ewes, to conceive, to calve, lamb.
III. hafna, að, to come to anchor; or hafna sig, id.
f. abandonment, forsaking (~ heimsins, veraldar).
and höfnun, f. forsaking, abandonment, Hom. 2, Sks. 3, 612, Barl. 148; h. veraldar, Fms. v. 239; höfnun heims, Greg. 28; til hafnanar (disgrace) ok háðungar, K. Á. 208.
from höfn, haven.
vide höfn, a haven.
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m. pumping in harbour, Jb. 407.
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a, m. a law term, a harbour-neighbour, i. e. the member of a kind of naval court composed of persons summoned from a harbour, Grág. ii. 401.
f. pl. entrance of a haven (höfn).
n. pl. doors, entrance of a haven, Fms. xi. 88.
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m. a cross-shaped hafnarmark, q. v.
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m. ‘haven-key,’ a nickname, Landn.
n. harbour mark.
(and -merki, Fas. ii. 336), n. a harbour mark, a kind of beacon, being a pyramid of stone or timber, or often a carved figure in the shape of a man, Bjarn. 33, Hkv. Hjörv., Bs. i. 563, Rb. 468; or in the shape of a cross, Bs. i. 607, ii. 80.
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n. a law term, thronging or annoying one in harbour, defined in Jb. 396.
m. harbour toll.
m. a harbour toll, Grág. ii. 401, Fs. (Flóam. S.) 157.
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m. a creek, Str. 4.
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f. a heaving up, elevation, lifting, of christening (cp. the phrase, hefja ór heiðnum dómi = to christen), N. G. L. i. 339, 340.
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n. pasture, grazing, N. G. L. i. 25; cp. Dan. havne-gang.
f. sea borough, sea-port.
f. a sea borough, Þjal. 29.
f. harbourless coast.
u, f. (hafn-leysi, n., Hkr. iii. 266), a harbourless coast, Sks. 223, N. G. L. i. 10, Eg. 161, Fs. 150.
a. harbour-like.
adj. harbour-like, Eg. 99.
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n. division of land (pasture), N. G. L. i. 249.
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u, f. ‘haven-taking,’ getting into harbour, N. G. L. ii. 280.
(-rs, -rar), m. he-goat, buck.
1. m., gen. hafrs, pl. hafrar; hafrir, Haustl. 15, is scarcely correct: [A. S. hæfer, cp. Engl. heifer; Lat. caper]:—a buck, he-goat, Edda, of the he-goats of Thor, Hdl. 46, Þkv. 21, Lv. 47, 52, Hrafn. 3, Nj. 62, Grág. i. 427, 503, Eb. 94; hafra hár, goats’ hair, Magn. (pref.), Andr. 70.
COMPDS: hafrsbelgr, hafrsliki, hafrsþjó, hafrkytti, hafrstaka, Hafra-fell, Hafra-gil, Hafra-nes, Hafra-tindr, Hafra-tunga, Hafrs-á, Landn.; Hafrs-fjörðr (in Norway), Fms. xii, Fb. iii.
2. m., only in pl. hafrar, [Germ. haber; North. E. haver], oats; it seems not to occur in old writers.
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m. = hafrstaka, Fb. iii. 400.
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n. the shape of a goat, Eb. 94.
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n. buck’s thigh, a nickname, Landn.
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n. a kind of whale, Sks. 128.
f. goat’s skin.
u, f. a goat’s skin, Edda 28, Fms. vi. 96, Bs. 4. 551, Gísl. 7: in local names,
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m. a seaman, mariner, Landn. 28.
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n. the main, Sks. 606, v. l.
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n., see p. 33, col. 2 (ζ).
m. gulf (firðir ok ~ar).
m. a gulf; firðir ok hafs-botnar, Sks. 199: of the Polar Sea, as the ancients supposed a continuity of land between Greenland and Europe, Fms. xi. 411; hafsbotn er heitir Svarta-haf, Hkr. i. 5.
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f. the ‘sea-brow,’ the sea-line on the horizon, cp. lands-brún, s. v. brún, p. 84.
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n. a deluge, Rb. 444.
f. sea-lane.
f. a sea lane, i. e. a narrow strait, Stj. 287. Exod. xiv. 22, 23.
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m. = hafsmegin.
n. the main, high sea.
n. the main, the high sea; sakir hafsmegins, storma ok strauma, Fms. i. 153; þótti þeim íllt at eiga lengr við hafsmegin, i. e. they longed for land, Eb. 120; allmikill harmr er þat, er vér eigum svá langt hingað at sækja, fyrst hafs-megin mikit, etc. (i. e. between Iceland and Sweden), Ó. H. 57.
n.
1) bond, chain; esp. pl., höft, fetters;
sitja í höftum, to be in fetters;
halda e-n í höftum, to keep one in bonds;
2) pl., höft, gods.
and hapt, n. [hafa], properly a handcuff; sprettr mér af fótum fjöturr, en af höndum haft, Hm. 150, 149: then generally a bond, chain, harðgör höft ór þörmum, Vsp. (Hb.); sitja í höftum, to be in fetters as a prisoner, Mar. 11; fætr hans váru í höptum, Mork. 205; leysa e-n ór höftum, Ls. 37; halda e-n í höftum, to keep one in bonds, Fb. i. 378; at hann er óðr ok hann má koma höftum á hann ef hann vill, Gþl. 149: the hobbles or tether fastened to a horse’s leg, taka af, leggja á haft; ef haft er áfast hrossi, Grág. i. 436, freq. in mod. usage, cp. hefta: so in the phrase, verða e-m at hafti, to be a hindrance or stumbling-block to one, Nj. (in a verse). haft-bönd, n. pl. fetter-bonds, Fas. iii. 17.
II. metaph., pl. gods (as band II. 3), Edda 96.
COMPDS: haftaguð, haftasnytrir, haftsœni.
f. female prisoner, bondwoman (~ ok hernuma).
u, f. a female prisoner, a bondwoman; hafta ok hernuma, Gkv. 1. 9, Hkv. 2. 3; oft finnr ambátt höftu, Edda ii. 491 (in a verse).
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n. the god of gods, the supreme god, of Odin, Edda 14.
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m. the friend of the gods, Haustl.
m. male prisoner, bondman.
m. a male prisoner, a bondman; haftr ok hernuminn, Fm. 7, 8, Vsp. 39, Akv. 28.
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n. the atonement (Germ. sühne) of the gods, i. e. poetry, Korm.; cp. the tale in Edda 47.
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u, f. a roller, wave.
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f. = hafgola.
f. wave.
u, f. a wave, Stj. 26.
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f. id., Bs. ii. 50.
m. sea-bird.
m. a sea-bird, Stj. 78.
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and haf-færandi, part. sea-going, sea-worthy, of a ship, Eg. 364, Hkr. ii. 183, Krók. 42.
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f. a sea voyage, Landn. 174.
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n. sea-amber, Björn.
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f. pl. ‘sea-fens,’ portentous waves mentioned by old sailors in the main between Iceland and America, described in Sks. 171, Bs. i. 483; hann fór til Grænalands ok hom í hafgerðingar, Landn. 319 (10th century), whence
n. roar of the sea.
n. the roar of the sea, Bs. i. 119, ii. 50, Róm. 369.
f. sea-breeze.
u, f. a sea breeze, Eb. 8, Eg. 370, 373, Sturl. iii. 70.
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u, m. a mermaid, Sks. 138, Fas. ii. 249, Edda (Gl.)
adv. standing seawards.
adj. standing seaward, Fms. i. 62, 63.
m. sea-ram.
m. a sea ram, Fms. viii. 373.
m. drift ice.
m. ‘sea-ice,’ i. e. drift ice, Landn. 30, Bs. ii. 5, Eb. 292, Ann. 1233, 1261, 1275, 1306, 1319, 1375.
a. cold as the sea.
adj., poët. cold as the sea, Lex. Poët.
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m. a kind of shell, Eggert Itin.
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n., poët. sea foam, Lex. Poët.
f. standing seawards;
stefna ~, to stand seawards.
f. standing seawards, Fms. i. 59.
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n. a sea-way, Post. (Unger) 4.
adv. seawards.
adv. seawards, Hkr. i. 181.
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a, m. ‘Sea-slider,’ a pr. name, Landn.
a. marine.
adj. marine, Sks. 605.
n. provisions for a voyage.
n. provisions for a voyage, Grett. 94 A, Eb.
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n., poët. a ‘sea-kidney,’ a pearl, Hd.
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f., poët. a ship.
m. wreck, jetsam.
n. a wreck, Gþl. 519.
a. tossed or driven about on the sea.
adj. indecl. wrecked, tossed about, Ann. 1347.
pp. tossed or driven about on the sea.
part. shipwrecked, Bs. i. 819.
part. sea-tossed, Mar. 1054.
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m. sea-drifted. Heine havreki or Heine the sea-drifted is the name of the hero of a Faroe legend, told by Schlyter in Antiqu. Tidskrift, 1849–1851. The legend makes him the father of the arch-pirate Magnus Heineson, a historical person, whose exploits are told in Debes’ book; this Magnus, we may presume, served as a model to Scott’s Pirate (that Scott knew of Debes is scon from note K to the Pirate). The Faroe legend bears a striking likeness to the Anglo-Norman Haveloc the Dane; both name and story may have a common origin, ‘Haveloc’ being a corrupted French form, with r changed into l for the sake of euphony, haf-rót, n. a violent swell of the sea.
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m. wreck, jetsum; með öllum gögnum ok gæðum, með flutningum ok hafrekstri, Dipl. iii. 10.
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adj. sea-worthy, able-bodied, of a sailor, B. K. 20.
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u, f. a sea breeze.
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adj. blowing from the sea.
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f. a voyage.
n. a sea-going ship.
n. a sea-going ship, Landn. 47, Grág. ii. 397, Eg. 130, Fms. ii. 219.
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n., poët. a ship.
n. sea-monster.
n. a sea-monster, Sks. 86.
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m. a sea-horse, poët. a ship.
m. storm at sea.
m. a storm at sea, Bret. 98, Sks. 227.
m. fabulous sea-monster.
m. a fabulous sea-monster, Sks. 166, Ann. 1305.
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m. a sea current, Lex. Poët.
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u, f. a kind of bird, bassanus.
m. little auk.
m. uria alla, a sea-bird, Edda (Gl.)
pp. sea-tossed.
part. sea-tossed, Krók. 75.
sea-breeze.
n. a sea breeze, Landn. 225, Eg. 373, Bárð. 6 new Ed.
a. having lost one’s course at sea.
adj. having lost one’s course at sea, Nj. 267, v. l.
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f. pl. loss of one’s course at sea, Finnb. 242; rak þá víða um hafit, vóru þeir flestir innanborðs at á kom hafvilla, Ld. 74; koma nú á fyrir þeim myrkr ok hafvillur, Fms. iii. 181, Þorf. Karl. 372.
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part. sea-swoln, Mar.
(að), v.
1) to manage, arrange, with dat. (svá skulu vér ~ inngöngu vorri);
fénu var ~t til gæzlu, the money was taken into keeping;
with adv., hvernig skulum vér þá til ~, how shall we arrange it;
~ svá til, at, to arrange or contrive it so that;
~ e-m til e-s, to turn out so and so for one (þat ~ði Ólafi til mikils harms);
2) to suit, be suitable (skip með þeim farmi, sem ek veit vel ~r til Íslands).
að, [Hel. bihagan; Germ. behagen], to manage, arrange, with dat.; hversu hann skyldi haga verks-háttum sínum, Eb. 150; svá skulu vér haga inngöngu várri, at …, Fms. i. 16; en nú var oss því hægra at haga kostum þeirra eptir várri vild, vi. 261; at haga svá formælinu, at …, to put the words so, that …, 655 xi. 2; haga sér til sess, to take one’s seat, Ó. H. (in a verse); haga hálft yrkjum, to take the middle course, Am. 57; en fénu var hagat til gæzlu, the money was taken into keeping, Fms. iv. 31; þeim er sólina gerði, ok heiminum hagaði ok hann gerði, Fagrsk. 11.
β. with adv., skal erkibiskup haga svá, at hann hafi lög, N. G. L. i. 145; hvernig skulum vér þá til haga, Fms. vi. 201;.
γ. to conduct oneself, behave; þér hagit yðr verr en annarr lýðr, Stj. 430; ef vegandi hefir sér til óhelgi hagat, Grág. ii. 106; ef hann hagar annan veg (does otherwise), ok verðr hann útlagr um þrem mörkum, K. Þ. K. 84.
δ. with prep. til, to contrive; svarði hann eiða, at hann skyldi svá til haga, at …, Edda 26; bað Þórir svá til haga, at Egill sé ekki langvistum í mínu ríki, Eg. 237; hagaðu svá til, at þú vitir víst at Hrærekr komi aldregi síðan lífs til Noregs, Ó. …
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m. a mythical pr. name: the name of the Rune h, whence Hagals-ætt, f. the second part of the Runic alphabet, vide introd. p. 227.
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högun, f. management; til-högun, arrangement.
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adj. fit, meet, comfortable, (mod.)
f. grazing.
f. grazing, Eg. 718, Grág. ii. 224.
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u, f. grazing.
m. fence round a pasture-field.
m. a field fence, Pm. 88, Eb. 132, Fs. 47: Hagi is freq. the name of a farm, Landn.
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n. the estate of the farm Hagi, Sturl. ii. 171.
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adj. = hagfastr.
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að, to put out of order, derange, with dat.; e-t stendr ó-haggað, to remain unmoved: reflex. to be put out of joint.
m. pasture, field for grazing;
var hestum ~ fenginn, the horses were put out to grass.
a, m. [hagr], only in compds, þjóð-hagi, a great artist.
m. pasture, field for grazing;
var hestum ~ fenginn, the horses were put out to grass.
a, m. [A. S. haga = a fence; Dan. have = a garden; Swed. hage; North. E. hag; Engl. hedge; cp. Old Engl. hay, Hayes as local names; the word still remains as an appellative in haw-thorn = hedge-thorn; haw-haw = a sunk fence]:—a pasture, prop. a ‘hedged field,’ Grág. ii. 227, Nj. 33, Fms. vii. 54, Ísl. ii. 330, Karl. 133; var hestum hagi fenginn, the horses were put out to grass, Fb. ii. 340; fjár-hagi, sauð-hagi, sheep pasture; fjall-hagar, fell pastures; heima-hagar, home pastures; út-hagi, out pasture (far from the farm); Icel. distinguish between tún and engjar for haymaking, and hagar for grazing.
COMPDS: hagabeit, hagaganga, hagagarðr, Hagaland, hagaspakr.
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n. pl. comfort, advantage, B. K. 110, H. E. ii. 165; vide hægindi.
n. hail.
n. [A. S. hagal; Engl. hail; Gerrn. hagel; Dan. hagel; Swed. hagel]:—hail, Fms. i. 175, Nj. 232, Ann. 1275, Glúm. 342, Bs. i. 698, passim.
COMPDS: hagldropi, haglhríð, haglkorn, haglsteinn, haglvindr.
II. in plur. grapes, (mod.)
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að, to hail.
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a, m. a hail-stone, Stj. 274.
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f. a hail-storm, Stj. 274, 275, Fms. iii. 180.
n. hailstone.
n. a hail-stone, Fms. i. 175, xi. 142.
m. hailstone.
m. a hail-stone, Ann. 1275.
m. hail-storm.
m. a hail-storm, Pröv. 454.
(að), v. to be meet for one; hvárum ykkrum hefir betr ~t, which of you has had the best luck?.
að, e-m hagnar, to be meet for one; hvárum ykkrum hefir betr hagnað, which of you has had the best luck? Fms. v. 193, xi. 212 (in a verse).
(gen. -ar), m. advantage.
m. advantage, Hkr. ii. 85.
I)
a. handy, skilful (~ maðr á tré ok járn).
II)
(-s, -ir), m.
1) state, condition, affairs (hvat er nú um hagi þína?);
2) means (ef hann hefir eigi hag til at fœra þau fram);
3) favour, advantage; í hag e-m, to one’s advantage at högum, suitably.
1. adj. handy, skilful, opp. to bagr, q. v.; hagr á tré, Bs. ii. 146; hagr á járn, Gísl. 18; hagr maðr á tré ok járn, Eg. 4, Ölk. 34; hann var hagr maðr, Ísl. ii. 325; hann húsar upp bæinn, því at hann var allra manna hagastr, 171; því at þú ert umsýslu-maðr mikill ok hagr vel, Fms. i. 290; Hreiðarr bað Eyvind fá sér silfr nokkut og gull, Eyvindr spurði ef hann væri hagr, vi. 214; þann mann er hagastr var á öllu Íslandi á tré, Bs. i. 132; hann valdi þann mann til kirkju-görðar, er þá þótti einn hverr hagastr vera, sá hét Þóroddr Gamlason, 163, 235; Völundr var hagastr maðr svá at menn viti í fornum sögum, Sæm. 89: of a lady, hón var svá hög (so handy at needlework) at fár konur vóru jafnhagar henni, Nj. 147; hón var væn kona ok hög á hendr, Ísl. ii. 4; Margrét hin haga, Bs. i. 143: of dwarfs, hagir dvergar, Hdl. 7; whence dverg-hagr, skilful as a dwarf.
2. = hagligr, of work; sem ek hagast kunna, as handily as I could, Vkv. 17: skurð-hagr, skilled in carving; orð-hagr = hagorðr; þjóð-hagr, a great artist.
2. m., gen. hags, pl. hagir, [as to the root vide haga, cp. also the preceding word]:—state, condition; …
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m. name of a Danish mythical hero, ‘with the fine beard,’ Saxo, Grett. (in a verse): a name of Odin (cp. Harbarðr, Síð-grani, Síð-skeggr), Edda.
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f. pasturage, Jm. 26.
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part. hooded with hedges, poët. of the earth, Fms. vi. 140.
a. grazing constantly on the same pasture.
adj. of cattle, grazing constantly, Rb.
a. n. short of grazing (málnytu verðr hag-fátt).
n. adj. short of grazing, Fms. vi. 103.
a. meet, fit, suitable (ek mun þér ~; hagfelt erindi).
adj. fit, meet, suited for; ek mun þér h., því at ek em verkmaðr góðr, en þú ert iðju-maðr sjálfr, Njarð. 366; h. eyrendi, a meet errand, Ísl. ii. 458; allir hlutir hagfeldir ok farsælligir, Ó. H. 195.
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u, f. a field, hagfellu-garðr, m. a field fence, Gþl. 381.
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f. agricultural statistics, (mod.)
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part. grass-fed, fattened in the pastures, of cattle, Stj. 560. 1 Kings iv. 23.
f. pasture land.
f. pasture land, Stj. 168, Sd. 167.
n. good bargain.
n. a good bargain, Fb. ii. 75, iii. 450.
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(hag-kvæmiligr), adj. meet, useful.
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(hag-leysa, u, f.), n. adj. barren, without grass.
m. skill in handicraft.
(-leiki), m. skill in handicraft, Bs. i. 138, 681, Sks. 443, 633, Stj. 519, Al. 93, Barl. 167, Fb. ii. 296, passim. hagleiks-görð, f. fine workmanship, Bs. i. 681. hagleiks-maðr, m. a handicrafts-man, an artist, Fas. ii. 463, Barl. 167.
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n. [hagi], pasture land.
adv. skilfully, handily, neatly.
adv. skilfully, handily, Fms. vi. 217: conveniently, suitably, meetly, v. 43, Sl. 72, Þkv. 16, 19 (neatly).
a.
1) skilful, handy, neat;
2) fit, proper, convenient.
adj. fine, handy, skilful, Mar.: fit, meet, proper, convenient, h. ráð, Fms. vii. (in a verse), K. Þ. K. 100; furðu h. geit, a very proper goat, Edda 24; ú-hagligr, troublesome, Bs. ii. 115.
f. pasture, marsh.
f. [hagi], a pasture marsh, Sd. 167.
a. well-spoken.
part. well-spoken, Fms. iv. 374: a kind of metre, Edda 138: in mod. usage only of one who has skill in verse-making, hann er lagmæltr, a happy verse-maker, but not yet a skáld, poet.
(-tta, -ttr), v. to make use of, have profit of.
tt, to make use of, Rb. 42, D. N., freq. in mod. usage.
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adj. well-spoken, Fms. iii. 152.
n. opportunity.
n. an opportunity, O. H. L. 33.
a. giving wise counsel.
adj. giving wise counsel, Nj. 2.
(-rædda, -rætt), v. to put right (fyrir sér).
dd, to put right, put in order, with dat., Fas. iii. 10.
n. service (gera e-m ~).
n. comfort, Hom. 19: service, Band. 4; en föður sínum görði hann aldri hagræði, 6; leggja til hagræðis með e-m, to do service to one, Bs. ii. 179.
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adj. = hagráðr, N. G. L. ii.
a. a good shot.
adj. a good shot, Edda (Ub.) 270.
n. fair bargain.
n. fairness, a fair bargain, Þórð. 21.
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adv. handily, Jb. 218.
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m. an artist, adept, Edda 96 (in a verse).
a. practical, wise.
adj. (-liga, adv.), practically wise, Sks. 627.
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adj. sensible, practical, Ver. 17.
f. forethought, good sense.
f. forethought, good sense, Fas. iii. 7, Sks. 50.
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adj. fair, favourable, of wind and weather; h. byrr, a fair wind, Eb. 332; veðr hagstætt, Eg. 390; stór veðr ok hagstæð, Fms. ii. 64, Þorf. Karl. 372.
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n. a practised eye, (mod.)
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f. wealth, well-being, (mod.)
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adj. practical, Fb. i. 433.
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n. master-work, Ísl. ii. 253 (in a verse), Od. xix. 227 (δαίδαλον).
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adj. workmanlike.
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adv. in a workmanlike manner, to the purpose, Grág. ii. 338.
m. hawthorn.
m. [hagi], the hawthorn, ‘hedge-thorn,’ Edda (Gl.), Stj. 395.
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interj. alas! Stj. 649, the rendering of heu heu! in the Vulgate, cp. ai, Sæm. 118.
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n. a little hook, such as the barb of a hook.
(gen. höku), f. chin.
u, f. [Swed. haka; Dan. hage], the chin, Eg. 305; skeggit við hökuna, 564; höku ok kjálka, Fms. ii. 59, xi. 139, N. G. L. i. 339, Edda; undir-haka, a double chin.
COMPDS: hökubein, hökulangr, hökumikill, hökuskarð, hökuskegg.
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a, m. [Dan. hage; Swed. hake; Germ. haken; Engl. hook], a hook, (rare): a mythical pr. name, Edda, Fas.
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að, to devour, eat ravenously, as a beast, (cant word.)
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adj. = hökulangr, a nickname, Hkr. i.
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að, to haul, Mar. 1054 (Dan. hale).
f. the rear.
f. the rear, Sturl. iii. 23.
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u, f. ‘tail-row,’ i. e. a string one after another, like geese; ganga í halarófu, to walk in h.; cp. Dan. gaasegang, Fr. en queue.
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u, f. a ‘tail-star,’ comet, (mod.)
n. a kind of game.
n. a kind of game, used synonymous to hnef-tafl, q. v., prob. similar to the Engl. ‘fox and goose;’ hann tefldi hnet-tafl, þat var stórt hala-tafl (having a fox with a big tail), hann greip þá upp töfluna ok setti halann á kinnbein Þorbirni (prob. of the brick representing the fox), Grett. 144 A; vide Skýrsla um Forngripa-safn Íslands by Sigurd Gudmundsson, Reykjavík 1868, pp. 38, 39; cp. also hali á hnefa-töflu in Vilmundar S. Viðutan, ch. 8.
n.
1) hold, fastening;
2) keeping in repair (fyrir ~ kirkju);
3) support, backing (hann hefir nú ~ mikit af konungi);
~ ok traust, help and support in need;
koma e-m at ~i, í ~, to be of use or help to one;
hér kemr illa í ~, it does little good;
4) custody (Ólafr konungr tók þá við ~i Hræreks konungs);
5) esteem (vera með e-m í góðu ~i);
6) keeping, observance (cf. jóla~, drottinsdaga ~).
n. (vide halda), hold:
1. a hold, fastening; nýtr bóndi afls ok kippir vaðnum, þvíat hann hugði haldit annan veg eigi bila, Fms. xi. 442.
2. a law phrase, withholding; gagna-hald, Grág. ii. 273; þá á hann kost hvárt er hann vill at hætta til haldsins eðr eigi, … en ef hón er login, þá verðr eigi rétt haldit, i. 312; stefna um tíundar hald, ok telja hinn sekjan um, K. Þ. K. 46.
II. upholding, maintenance:
1. reparation; fyrir hald á kirkju, Vm. 12; segja til halds kirkjunni (to defray the repairs of the kirk) þann jarðar-teig, Dipl. iii. 12.
2. a law term, possession; sögðum vér með fullum laga-órskurði Guðmundi til halds sagða jörð, Dipl. iii. 5; hafa vald eðr hald e-s hlutar, Bs. i. 720; hón á tveggja króka hald í vatnið, she (the church) has the hold (right) of two hooks in the lake, Pm. 41.
β. þessum fénaði beit ok hald (bite and occupation) fyrir sunnan á, Dipl. v. 10.
3. support, backing; við tókum okkr hald þar er Guð var, Hom. 154; hann hefir nú hald mikit af konungi, he has much support from the king, Eg. …
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(held; hélt, héldum; haldinn), v.
I. with dat.
1) to hold fast (Gunnarr var kyrr svá at honum hélt einn maðr);
to keep back, restrain (Hrafn fekk eigi haldit henni heima);
2) to withhold (héldu bœndrgjaldinu);
3) to keep, retain (þú skalt jafhan þessu sæti ~);
to preserve (~ virðingu sinni, lífi ok limum);
~ vöku sinni, to keep oneself awake;
4) to hold, keep one’s stock;
also ellipt. (vetr var illr ok héldu menn illa);
5) phrases, ~ njósnum, to keep watch, to spy (= ~ njósnum til um e-t);
~ (hendi) fyrir auga, to hold (the hand) before the eyes, shade the eyes;
~ hendi yfir e-m, to protect one;
6) to hold, stand, steer, ellipt., þeir héldu aptr (held back again) um haustit;
þeir héldu út eptir fírði, they stood out the firth;
~ heim, to steer homewards;
7) to graze, put in the field (~ fé til haga);
8) impers. to continue, last (hélt því lengi um vetrinn);
II. with acc.
1) to hold in possession, a fief, land, estate (þeir héldu alla hina beztu staði með sjónum);
2) to hold, keep, observe, a feast, holiday (í hvers minning heldr þú þenna. dag?);
3) to keep (~ orð sín, eið, sættir, frið); …
u, f. = hadda, q. v.
(held; hélt, héldum; haldinn), v.
I. with dat.
1) to hold fast (Gunnarr var kyrr svá at honum hélt einn maðr);
to keep back, restrain (Hrafn fekk eigi haldit henni heima);
2) to withhold (héldu bœndrgjaldinu);
3) to keep, retain (þú skalt jafhan þessu sæti ~);
to preserve (~ virðingu sinni, lífi ok limum);
~ vöku sinni, to keep oneself awake;
4) to hold, keep one’s stock;
also ellipt. (vetr var illr ok héldu menn illa);
5) phrases, ~ njósnum, to keep watch, to spy (= ~ njósnum til um e-t);
~ (hendi) fyrir auga, to hold (the hand) before the eyes, shade the eyes;
~ hendi yfir e-m, to protect one;
6) to hold, stand, steer, ellipt., þeir héldu aptr (held back again) um haustit;
þeir héldu út eptir fírði, they stood out the firth;
~ heim, to steer homewards;
7) to graze, put in the field (~ fé til haga);
8) impers. to continue, last (hélt því lengi um vetrinn);
II. with acc.
1) to hold in possession, a fief, land, estate (þeir héldu alla hina beztu staði með sjónum);
2) to hold, keep, observe, a feast, holiday (í hvers minning heldr þú þenna. dag?);
3) to keep (~ orð sín, eið, sættir, frið); …
pret. hélt (= Goth. haihald), 2nd pérs. hélt, mod. hélzt, pl. héldum; pres. held, pl. höldum; pret. subj. héldi; part. haldinn; imperat. hald and haltú: [Ulf. haldan = βόσκειν, ποιμαίνειν, whereas he renders to keep, hold by other words; Hel. haldan = alere, fovere, colere, which thus seems to be the primitive sense of the word, and to be akin to Lat. cŏlo; again, A. S. healdan, Engl. hold, O. H. G. haltan, Germ. halten, Swed. hålla, halda, Dan. holde, are all of them used in a more general sense]:—to hold.
A. WITH DAT. to hold to:
I. to hold fast by; with the notion of restraint or force, tók Gizurr förunaut Ögmundar ok hélt honum, Sturl. i. 150; Gunnarr var kyrr svá at honum hélt einn maðr, Nj. 92; ef maðr heldr manni …, varðar fjörbaugs-garð, Grág. ii. 110; h. e-m undir drep, 17; h. skipum (to grapple the ships) með stafnljám, Fms. ii. 315: to keep back, Hrafn fékk eigi haldit henni heima þar, Ísl. ii. 249; ok halda þeim veðr í enni sömu höfn, Grág. i. 92; h. (sér) í e-t, to hold oneself fast by, grasp, þú skalt h. í hurðar-hringinn, Dropl. …
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part. pass. in the compds, haldin-orðr, adj. discreet, close, Fms. ii. 18, x. 326, Eg. 51; haldin-yrði, n. keeping close, Sks. 361, Sd. 169: in mod. usage these words mean the keeping one’s word.
a. lasting, durable.
adj. of good hold, durable, of clothes, etc., Sks. 403.
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(hall-), d, dep. to avail, suit; nægjask eðr h., Stj. 149.
f. convenience, comfort.
f. convenience, comfort, Sturl. i. 212.
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adj. (-liga, adv.), convenient, comfortable, Sks. 377.
a. convenient, useful.
and assimilated hall-kvæmr, Nj. 265, Fas. ii. 240, Sks. 505; or hall-kœmr, 380, 505 B, [cp. koma at haldi], adj. fit, meet, convenient, Hom. 141, Sturl. i. 45, Fms. ii. 261, Grett. 106 A.
a. holding close;
vera ~ á e-u, to keep it close.
adj. holding close, Stj. 635; vera h. á e-u, to keep it close, Fms. vi. 440, x. 170; e-m verðr ekki haldsamt á e-u, it slips out of one’s hands.
f.
1) fast holding;
2) closeness, stinginess.
f. closeness, Greg. 24.
m. tail; leika (veifast um) lausum hala, to play with a loose tail, to be unrestrained; bera brattan halann, to cock up the tail, to be proud; draga eptir sér halann, to drag the tail, to play the coward.
a, m. [Dan. hale, cp. Lat. cauda], a tail; kýr-hali, a cow’s tail; nauts-h., ljóns-h., etc.; skauf-hali, reynard, a fox, whence Skaufhala-bálkr, the name of an old poem, an Icel. Reineke Fuchs. Icel. use hali properly of cattle, and lions, wolves, bears; tagl of horses (of the hair, but stertr of a caudal vertebra); rófa of cats, dogs; skott of a fox; sporðr of a fish; stél or véli of birds; dyndill of seals. The old writers do not make these nice distinctions, and use hali of a horse and tagl of a cow, which a mod. Icel. would not do; hylr öll kykvendi hár eðr hali, Sks. 504: in Gþl. 398 of cattle, cp. N. G. L. i. 24; ef maðr höggr hala af hrossi svá at af rófu fylgir, Gþl. 399; ef maðr höggr hala af hrossi fyrir neðan rófu, id.; nú skerr maðr tagl af nautum, id.; eru þeir í málum mestir sem refr í halanum, Fms. viii. 350; ef maðr skerr af hrossi manns tögl, þá gjaldi aura þrjá; en ef hala höggr af, þá skal meta hross, N. G. L. i. 228; ok svá ef hann höggr hala af hrossi svá at rófa fylgir, id.: of a lion’s tail, Stj. 71.
2. phrases, nú er úlfs hali einn á króki, a wolf’s tail is all that is left, Band. (in a verse),—a proverb from the notion that wild beasts devour one another so that only the tail is left, cp. …
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f. a hall; vide höll.
(að), v.
1) to incline or turn sideways, with dat. (~ keri, skipi);
2) to sway to the wrong side (= ~ til um. e-t);
~ sögu, to give an unfair report;
~ nökkurum orðum til, to let fall a few words;
~ eptir e-m, to be biassed in one’s favour;
~ sér, to lean with one’s body;
impers. to lie over, with dat. (~ði honum svá, at sjór féll inn á annat borð);
sólu ~r, the sun sinks;
vetri ~r, the winter is declining;
tafli ~r á e-n, the game turns against one;
3) to slope (hann skildi eigi fyrr við þá en ~ði af norðr);
4) refl., ~st, to lean with the body;
to lie over (þá tók mjök at ~st Ormrinn);
á þá ~ðist bardaginn, the battle turned against them;
~st eptir e-u, to sway towards a thing.
að, [Dan. hælde; Swed. hälla], to lean or turn sideways, with dat., esp. of a vessel, ship, or the like; halla keri, fötu, staupi, skipi; but also of anything else, h. borði, stóli; Icel. distinguish between halla and the derivative hella, to pour out; hann hallar skipinu á ymsa vega, Fbr. 100 new Ed.
II. metaph. to sway to the wrong side, in words or acts; halla dómi, to give an unfair judgment, Gþl. 174, Fs. 121, Sks. 662; h. sögu, to give an unfair report, Fms. vi. 261; ok um allar sagnir hallaði hann mjök til, id., Nj. 270; h. orðum til, to impute, Fms. ix. 332; h. eptir e-m, to be swayed, biased in one’s favour, 59; mér þykir þér hafa hallat til—hallat hefi ek víst (no doubt have I swerved) segir konungr, ok þó í hag þér, ii. 272; halla sæmd e-s, to let one’s honour swerve, do it injury, Orkn. 240; h. undan e-u, to avoid, shun one, Al. 83; h. sér, to lean with one’s body, seig at honum svefn, ok hallaði hann sér í kné henni, Fb. i. 280: with acc., h. sik (less correct), Karl. 292.
III. impers. to swerve, with dat.; taka stór tré ok fella á Orminn, svá at honum halli til, so that she (the ship) swerved on one side, Fms. …
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f. a swerving, Stj. 65.
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a, m. = hall-lendi.
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m. [cp. Fr. hallier; Swed. and Norse hyll; Dan. hyld], a kind of tree, Edda (Gl.)
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a, m. [Ivar Aasen hall; cp. the Norse Fredriks-’hald’], a sloping, brink, declivity, Hem.; freq. in mod. usage: metaph. a drawback, loss of right.
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a, m., poët. a ram, Edda (Gl.): name of the god Heimdal, Edda, vide Lex. Poët.
I)
a.
1) leaning to one side, lying over, sloping (vóru jakarnir hallir mjök út af skerinu); bera hallt höfuðit, to carry the head on one side; standa höllum fœti, to stand unevenly; verðr hallt á e-n, one is worsted;
2) biassed, partial; inclined or attached to one (~ til e-s or undir e-n); ~ til illsku, prone, inclined, to evil.
II)
m.
1) slope, hill;
2) big stone (enn harði ~).
1. adj., fem. höll, leaning to one side, swerving, sloping; jakarnir vóru hallir út af skerinu, Eb. 238; jakarnir vóru bæði hálir ok hallir, 240; hann (the ship) ferr jafnan hallr, it heeled over, Fb. i. 520, Fms. x. 368; h. í göngu, limping, Vápn. 6; bera hallt höfuðit, to bear the head on one side, Fms. ii. 70; hallt ker, a half-filled cup, Hm. 51; standa höllum fæti, to stand slanting, Nj. 97; bar hallan skjöldinn, the shield came aslant, Eg. 378; láta verða hallt á e-n, to overmatch one, metaph. from rowing or from the balance, Fbr. 122:—hann lætr ekki á sik hallt, ok höggr í móti, he allowed no inequality, but cut in return, i. e. he paid blow for blow, O. H. L. 92; nú leikr mér þat eigi í hug, at á yðr verði hallt um vár skipti, Þorf. Karl. 404: so in the phrases, aka höllu fyrir e-m (halloki) or aka höllum fæti (MS.), to be upset, to stoop or crouch before one, metaph. from driving, Ld. 206; fara höllum fæti, to he worsted, Bs. i. 907; aka undan höllum (öllum MS.) fæti, Lv. 76.
II. metaph. swerving, biased; alþýðan er höll til ílsku ok synda, Ver. …
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etc., vide hald-.
n. slope, declivity.
n. a slope, declivity, Orkn. 244.
a. sloping.
adj. sloping, Sturl. i. 85.
(-ta, -t), v. to speak ill of one (~ e-m).
t, to speak ill of one, with dat., Nj. 53, Fms. iv. 81, xi. 260, Magn. 442, passim.
n. pl. blame, reproof.
n. pl. blame, reproof, Fas. i. 106, Str. 71, Fs. 15, Edda 8.
a., fara, verða ~ fyrir e-m, to be overcome, defeated.
(-oka), adj. indecl. [aka höllu], suffering defeat, worsted, overcome; in the phrase, vera, fara, h. fyrir e-m, Ld. 146, Fær. 229, Bárð. 174, Karl. 91 (v. l.), Hsm. 18. 3.
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u, f. stiffness in the limbs, = harðsperra.
n. bad season, famine.
n. [ár], a bad season, a famine, dearth, Nj. 73, Fms. ix. 48, Bs. i. 200, Ísl. ii. 58, Ó. H. 102, Hkr. i. 21, 56.
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m., vide hálmr.
(-s, -ir), m. poet. man.
m., pl. halir, [no doubt an apocopated form, akin to A. S. hæled, Germ. held = hero, as also to hölðr or höldr, q. v.]:—a man, only used in poetry; halr er heima hverr, a saying, Hm. 36; gráðigr halr, 19; hnígra sá halr fyrir hjörum, 159; halr hugfullr, Hðm. 19; halr enn hugblauði, Hbl. 49; úkristinn halr, Sighvat: in plur. men, troða halir helveg, Vsp. 52, 56: used of the dead inmates of Hel, Alm. 29, cp. Vþm. 43, which seems to be a pun, as the word itself is not akin to Hel.
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m. neck; vide háls.
a. limping, lame, halting; ~ eptra fœti, lame of the hind leg.
or halltr, adj. [A. S. healt; Engl. halt; O. H. G. halz; Dan.-Swed. halt; cp. Lat. claudus; prob. akin to hallr]:—halt, lame, limping, Hm. 70, 89, Fms. vi. 322, Nj. 209, Landn. 100, Ísl. ii. 219, Edda 28; haltir ganga, Matth. xi. 5, xv. 31, xxi. 14, Luke vii. 22, xiv. 13, Acts iii. 2, viii. 7: haltr at máli, halting in speech, stammering, Barl. 15, (whence mál-haltr): as a nickname, Eyjólfr Halti, Lv.; Hrómundr H., Vd., Fs. 39, 48: metaph., h. í trúnni, halting, unsound in faith, Karl. 279; hand-haltr, q. v.
(að), v. to halt, limp.
að, to halt, limp, Grett. 151, Fbr. 179, Bs. i. 321, Stj. 592, Hebr. xii. 13.
a. indecl. holding (with gen.).
qs. haldsi, adj. indecl. holding, Fms. x. 396: with dat., haldzi e-u, Þiðr. 172.
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a, m. a ‘tail-dragon,’ scorpion, Stj. 578, Hb. 732. 18, Ant. 7.
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að, [cp. höm = shanks in animals, whence Engl. ham], of cattle or horses in a storm, to stand and turn tail to wind, leaving off grazing.
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1. m. a pr. name, Landn., Hkv.; see the following word.
2. a nickname, and then a pr. name, Landn.; cp. A. S. homola = a fool, one whose head is close-shaven.
a. n., only in the phrase, fylkja ~, to draw up in a wedge shaped column (= svínfylkja).
n. adj., only in the old phrase, fylkja hamalt, synonymous with svínfylkja, to draw up a wedge-shaped column in the form of a hog’s snout; thus defined, hann hefir svínfylkt her sínum—Hverr man Hringi hafa kennt hamalt at fylkja? (who has taught king Ring to draw up the phalanx of hamalt?) … Hringr hafði svínfylkt öllu liði sínu, þá þótti þó svá þykk fylkingin yfir at sjá, at rani var í brjósti, Ring had drawn all his troops up in a hog-shaped column, so that the ranks looked all the deeper for the snout-formed shape of the front, Fas. i. 380; hildingr fylkti hamalt, a paraphrase from hann fylkti liði sínu svá, at rani var framan á fylkingar-brjóstinu, Fms. xi. 304: used of a column of ships in a sea-fight, vi. 314 (in a verse), cp. also Skv. 2. 23, Fas. ii. 40 (in a verse); a description of the cuneiform column is given in Sks. 384; in Skjöld. S. its invention is attributed to Odin himself, and it was a favourite battle array with the men of old.
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n. a kind of seed, N. G. L. i. 385, 401.
(gen. -s, dat. hamri, pl. hamrar), m.
1) hammer; hann gerði hamar yfir, he made the sign of the hammer over it;
2) back of an axe;
3) crag, precipice (þar stendr ~ mikill fyrir þeim); þrítugur ~, a crag thirty fathoms high.
m., dat. hamri, pl. hamrar, [A. S. hamor; Engl. hammer; O. H. G. hamar; Germ. and Dan. hammer; Swed. hammare]:—a hammer; h. töng, steði, Edda 9, Vkv. 18, Landn. 212 (in a verse); the thunderbolt was in the northern mythology represented as a hammer,—the hammer Mjölnir, Edda (Sksm.) 15, 26, 28–30, 58, 70, passim, Þkv. passim, Hbl. 47; hann (the idol) var merkðr eptir Þór ok hefir hamar í hendi, Ó. H. 108, O. T. 44; Þrúð-hamarr, the mighty hammer, Ls. 57, 59, 61, 63: the hammer was the holy sign with the heathens, answering to the cross of the Christians, hann görði hamar yfir, he made the sign of the hammer over it, Fms. i. 35; Þórr tók hamarinn Mjölni ok brá upp ok vígði hafr-stökurnar, Edda 28, cp. also Þkv. 30, where the bride and bridegroom were to be marked with the holy sign; hence Þórs-hamarr = the character RUNE which occurs on a few of the earliest heathen Runic stones (e. g. Thorsen, pp. 17, 329), cp. also Ísl. Þjóðs. i. 446; this RUNE is evidently an imitation of the thunderbolt.
β. the back of an axe, Eg. 769.
COMPDS: hamargangr, hamarshögg, hamarsmuðr, hamarskalli, hamarskapt, hamarspor.
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n. a hammer stroke, Stj. 563.
m. the thin end of a hammer.
(-munnr, -munni), m. the ‘mouth’ or thin end of a hammer, Edda 30.
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m. hammer-clash, Stj. 45.
m. head of a hammer.
a, m. the thick end of a hammer, Fms. viii. 138.
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n. the shaft or handle of a hammer, Edda 28.
n. a hammers print.
n. a hammer’s print, Edda 34.
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að, dep. to rage, to be taken by a fit of fury in a fight, synonymous to ganga berserks-gang (see p. 6l): the word is derived from hamr, prob. owing to a belief that such persons were possessed by a strange spirit or demon; cp. hamr, hamstoli, hamramr, all of them words referring to a change of shape:—svá er sagt, at þá hamaðisk hann, ok fleiri vóru þeir föru-nautar hans er þá hömuðusk, Eg. 122; hamask þú nú, Skallagrímr, at syni þínum, 192; Þórir hljóp þá af baki, ok er svá sagt, at hann hamaðisk þá it fyrsta sinn, Gullþ. 30, Fas. iii. 343, Landn. 119; Fránmarr jarl hafði hamask í arnar líki, Sæm. 95: the word is still used, to work as hard as a giant.
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m. a pr. name, qs. Ham-þér, cp. A. S. Hama-þeow.
f.
1) guardian spirit;
2) luck, good fortune.
u, f. luck, fortune; prop. in a personal sense, a guardian spirit, answering to the guardian angel of Christians; derived from hamr, for the guardian spirits of men—and every man had his hamingja—were believed to take the shape sometimes of animals, sometimes and more commonly of human beings, esp. that of women; but they were themselves supernatural beings; that the hamingjur were giant-females proceeding from the great Norns—who were the hamingjur of the world—is borne out by the passage in Vþm. 48, 49. Hamingja and fylgja or fylgju-kona (Hallfred S. ch. 11) seem to be nearly synonymous, as also gæfa, gipta, auðna, heill; but hamingja is the most personal word, and was almost symbolical of family relationship. At the hour of death the hamingja left the dying person and passed into a dear son, daughter, or beloved kinsman; cp. Hallfr. S. ch. 11, and esp. the charming tale in Glúm. ch. 9. One might also impart one’s own good luck to another, hence the phrase leggja sína hamingju með e-m, almost answering to the Christian, ‘to give one’s blessing to another.’ Examples: sögðusk mundu leggja til með honum hamingju sína, Ld. 74; h. ok gæfa, Fms. vi. 165; þú en ústöðuga h., Al. …
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a. lucky.
adj. lucky, Fs. 34.
n. wheel of fortune.
n. the wheel of fortune, Fas. iii. 470.
m. lucky chance.
m. a lucky chance, Fms. x. 180.
a. luckless.
adj. luckless, hapless, Stj. 464, Fms. viii. 93.
n. want of luck.
n. want of luck, Fms. i. 286.
m. lucky man.
m. a lucky man, Fms. xi. 205, Fs. 21.
a. very lucky.
adj. mighty lucky, Fms. ii. 31, Ld. 170, Eg. 46: compar. hamingju-meiri, Fb. i. 301.
n. lucky appearance (~ er á þér).
n. lucky appearance; h. er á pér, Fs. 11.
f. trial of fortune.
f. a trial of fortune, Fms. xi. 244, Ó. H. 195.
a. lucky-looking.
adj. (-liga, adv.), lucky-looking, Fms. i. 96.
n. turn (vicissitude) of fortune.
n. a shift or turn of fortune, Sturl. iii. 73.
m. lack of good luck.
m. lack of luck, Fms. xi. 260.
n. bad luck.
n. bad luck, Al. 56.
I)
f. oar-thong, grummet;
láta síga á hömlu, to pull backwards (stern foremost);
ganga e-m í hömlu (um e-t), to take one’s place, be a substitute for one (in a thing).
II)
(að), v.
1) to pull backwards;
2) to stop, hinder (~ e-m);
3) to maim, mutilate (sumir vóru ~ðir at höndum eða fótum).
að, to pull backwards, stern foremost (= láta síga á hömlu); Hákon jarl lét ok h. at landi, Fms. i. 93; höfðu menn hans þá undan hamlat, 174; gátu þeir eigi svá skjótt vikit þó at þeir hamlaði á annat borð en reri á annat, viii. 386; hömluðu þeir skipunum at Norðnesi, Fagrsk. 254; vér skulum sýna þeim sem mestan undanróðr, en vér skulum þó raunar hamla, O. H. L. 69, cp. Þiðr. 61: in mod. usage to paddle with a short oar, turning the face towards the stem.
2. metaph. to stop, hinder one, with dat.; nú búask þeir bræðr í burt ok stoðar ekki at h. þeim, Fas. i. 42; hamlaði þat mjök afla Þorgríms, at frændr hans kómu eigi, Eb. 48.
II. [A. S. hamelan, cp. Engl. to hamstring, O. H. G. hamal-stat = locus supplicii, and Germ. hammel = vervex], to maim, mutilate: with dat. and acc., sumir vóru hamlaðir at höndum eða fótum, Eg. 14; sá er manni hamlaði á hendi eðr á fæti eðr veitti önnur meiðsl, Fms. xi. 226, 298; hann drap suma, suma lét hann hamla, Hkr. i. 258; lét hann suma drepa, suma hamla, en suma rak hann ór landi, Ó. H. 105.
I)
f. oar-thong, grummet;
láta síga á hömlu, to pull backwards (stern foremost);
ganga e-m í hömlu (um e-t), to take one’s place, be a substitute for one (in a thing).
II)
(að), v.
1) to pull backwards;
2) to stop, hinder (~ e-m);
3) to maim, mutilate (sumir vóru ~ðir at höndum eða fótum).
u, f. an oar-loop made of a strap or withe fastened to the thole-pin (hár), into which the oar was put, the oarsman pulling the oar against the thole, as is still done in the fjords of Norway; hence is called láta síga á hömlu, to pull slowly towards the hamla, i. e. stern foremost, Fms. i. 172, vii. 213; láta skip síga á hömlum, Hkr. iii. 336; á hömlo, Mork. l. c.; lét hann leggja fimm skipum fram í sundit svá at mátti þegar síga á hömlu, Grett. 83 A; hömlur slitnuðu, háir brotnuðu, the h. were torn, the tholes broken, Am. 35; leggja árar í hömlur, they put the oars in the loops, Fms. iii. 57. In Norway the levy or conscription was counted by the hömlur, cp. Ó. H. 227, where one hamla (i. e. man) was to be levied from every seven males over five years old, and so ‘til hömlu’ means naut. = per man, per oar, Gþl. 99, N. G. L. i. 98; thus, gera mat í hömlu, to contribute provisions by the head, 201, cp. D. N. passim and Fritzner’s remarks s. v.: the metaph. phrase, ganga e-m í hömlu um e-t, to go into one’s hamla, take one’s place, to be one’s match; sem Sigvalda myni fæst til skorta, at ganga mér í hömlu um ráða-gerðir ok dæma hér um mál manna, bæði fyrir vizku sakir ok ráðspeki, Fms. …
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vide hafn, from höfn, a haven.
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hömótt, f., mod. humótt; [from höm, a haunch (?), it is therefore not derived from húm]:—only in the phrase, fara í humótt eptir e-m, to follow in one’s wake; hleypr hann fram í veginn þar sem vagna-menninir fóru undan, ok hér eptir í hamóttina (haumóttina, v. l.), Clar. (vellum): mod., ganga í humótt á eptir, to slink behind.
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að, to toss one in the arms, with dat.
m. hemp.
m. [this word, like all words in mp (np), is of for. origin; cp. Gr. κάνναβις, whence Lat. cannabis; Germ. hanf; Engl. hemp; Dan. hamp: it scarcely occurs before the middle of the 13th century; hörr, q. v., is the genuine northern word]:—hemp, Sks. 287, H. E. i. 395, N. G. L. ii. 355.
(-s, -ir), m.
1) skin, slough; hleypa hömum, to cast the slough (of snakes);
2) shape, form; skipta hömum, to change one’s shape.
m., pl. hamir, dat. hami, Vsp. 36, but ham, Höfuðl. (where ham, gram, and fram form a rhyme), as also Haustl. 2, Hkr. i. 228, all of them poems of the 10th century; [A. S. hama, homa; Hel. hamo; O. H. G. hemedi, whence mod. Germ. hemd; Dan. ham; akin to hamr is Ital. camisa, Fr. chemise, with a final s answering to hams below]:—a skin, esp. the skin of birds flayed off with feathers and wings; álptar-hamr, a swan’s skin; fugls-hamr, a bird’s skin; arnar-hamr, an eagle’s skin; gásar-hamr, a goose’s skin, etc.; hams, q. v., of snakes: ham bera svanir hvítfjaðraðan (of a swan’s skin), Fas. i. 471 (in a verse); hleypa hömum (of snakes), to cast the slough, Konr. 34; hlátra hamr, poët. laughter’s cover, the breast, Höfuðl. 19.
II. shape, esp. in a mythol. sense, connected with the phrase, skipta hömum, to change the shape, described in Yngl. S. ch. 7, Völs. S. ch. 7, 8, and passim; cp. also the deriv. ein-hamr, ham-farir, ham-ramr, ham-stola, hamingja, hamask, etc.,—an old and widespread superstition found in the popular lore and fairy tales of almost every country; …
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m.
1) snake’s slough (ormar skriða or hamsi á vár);
2) husk.
m. (= hamr), a snake’s slough; ormar skríða ór hamsi á vár, Mkv.; kalla sverðit orm, en fetlana ok umgörð hams hans, Edda (Ht.) 123: metaph., góðr (íllr) hams er á e-m, one is in a good (bad) frame of mind; hams er góðr á fljóðum, Hallfred: Icel. say, vera í góðum, vondum hamsi, id.: allit. phrases as, hafa hold og hams, ‘to keep up flesh and skin,’ i. e. to be hale and hearty, to be in a good state.
II. in plur. hamsar means particles of suet. In Norway hams means the husks of beans and grains: in Dan. a kind of beetle is called gjedehams. ☞ The s in hams is curious; it is kept throughout all cases; it is either a remnant of the old masc. mark s for r as in Gothic, or perhaps the s answers to the inflex. d as in O. H. G. hamedi, Germ. hemd; but still more closely to the inflex. final s in Ital. camisa, Fr. chemise.
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adj. dark-skinned, of dark hue, Edda (Ht.), of the raven.
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adj. fair of hue, bright, Ad. 7.
f. pl. travelling in the shape of an animal (fara hamfari, í hamförum).
f. pl. a mythical word, the ‘faring’ or travelling in the assumed shape of an animal, fowl or deer, fish or serpent, with magical speed over land and sea, the wizard’s own body meantime lying lifeless and motionless; graphically depicted in Yngl. S. ch. 7, Vd. ch. 12, Hkr. (O. T.) ch. 37; hann sendi Finna tvá í hamförum til Íslands, Landn. 174; Haraldr konungr bauð kunngum manni at fara í hamförum til Íslands, sá fór í hvals-líki, etc., Hkr. i. 228.
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f. pl., from hamfrú (?), witches, an απ. λεγ.; leirblót gört í manns-líki af leiri eðr deigi, eðr hamfrær, N. G. L. i. 383, v. l.
n. pl. fury, frenzy.
n. pl. frenzy, fury, Sturl. ii. 137.
f. a human being who travels in the shape of an animal; a witch that goes in ham-farir.
u, f. a ‘ham-leaper,’ a witch that travels in hamfarir, Eg. 421, Fas. ii. 80, 390, Gullþ. 64: in mod. usage Icel. say, hann er mesta hamhleypa, he is a great h., works like a giant, of one who does great work in little time; hann er hamhleypa að skrifa, hamhleypa að vinna, etc.
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n. the shank leather of a hide; cp. höm.
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adj. scraggy, ugly, Haustl.
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part. = hamramr, Fas. iii. 424, (bad.)
a.
1) able to change one’s shape;
2) seized with warlike fury (berserks-gangr).
adj. a mythical term, able to change one’s shape; in the Sagas it is esp. used of berserkers,—men gifted with supernatural strength or seized with fits of warlike fury (berserks-gangr), vide hamask; but also, though less frequently, referring to hamfarir; hann var h. mjök, he was a great wizard who changed his shape, Landn. 87, 289; hann var h. mjök svá at hann gékk heiman ór Hraunhöfn um kveldit en kom um morgininn eptir í Þjórsár-dal, Landn. 236, 285, 306, Gullþ. 30; þat var mál manna at hann væri mjök h., Eg. 3; allir hinir sterkustu menn ok margir hamramir, 109; þeim mönnum er hamramir vóru eðr þeim er berserks-gangr er á, 125; eigi var þat einmælt at hann væri eigi h., 514:—as a nickname, Vékell hinn hamrami, Landn. 191; Vigi hinn h., Korm. 58; Tanni er kallaðr var hinn hamrami, Ísl. ii. 360,—the MS. has handrami, which is no doubt wrong, as also in the name of the mythical king Hávarðr handrami, Fb. i. 26; cp. hinn Rammi and ramaukinn, Landn. 107, 249, 277, Hdl. 34.
f. the state of being hamramr 2.
f. the state of being hamramr, Eg. 125.
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adj. [höm], thin in the flank, of a horse: the name of a horse, Edda (Gl.)
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t, dep. = skipta hömum, Str. 30.
a. deprived of one’s wits, frantic, furious.
mod. ham-stola, adj. ‘ham-stolen,’ prop. a wizard whose skin has been stolen, and hence metaph. frantic, furious, Eg. 565, Fms. vi. 198, Barl. 56, Karl. passim, cp. Völs. S. Fas. i. 130.
a. deprived of one’s wits, frantic, furious.
part. = hamstoli, Karl. 243, 352, El.
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adj. skin-wet, i. e. drowned, Landn. (in a verse): freq. in foreign, Saxon, and Germ. pr. names and local names;
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and hana-nú, interj. see here! vide Gramm. p. xxviii, col. 2.
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n. or
f. cock-crew.
f. cock-crow, gallicinium, Fms. viii. 56.
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u, f. cock-crow, N. G. L. i. 9.
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f. a hand; vide hönd.
(= til ~), prep. with dat. to, for (~ Oddi).
adv. with dat. for one, to one, prop. a gen. pl. from hönd, q. v.
adv. from beyond; heðan ok ~, hither and thither; fyrir ~, with acc. beyond, on the other side of.
adv., 1. denoting from the place, from beyond, beyond; handan um, and in mod. usage handan yfir, á, fjörð, sund, fjall, from beyond a river, firth, sound, fell, or the like; hann sá mann ríða handan um Vaðla, Ld. 148; skip reri handan um fjörðinn, Eb. 292; handan ór, af, frá, from the side beyond, the land being in dat.; kom þar Ingimundr ór Dölum handan, Sturl. i. 88; er þeir koma handan ór Tungunni, ii. 216; þeir sá at þrír menn hleyptu handan frá Akri, i. 83; handan af Nesinu, i. e. from Caithness to the Orkneys, Orkn. 410.
2. absol., vindar gnýja héðan ok handan, henceforth and thenceforth, Edda 8; Þórðr andar nú handan, from the opposite bench, Sturl. i. 21, Fms. v. 176 (in a verse); vestan Vatnsskarð ok handan, from the west of the fell W. and beyond, Sturl.; Íslands Húnalands sem Danmarkar handan, i. e. Iceland as well as Húnaland and Denmark beyond the sea, Korm.
II. fyrir handan, denoting in the place, with acc.; þar vórum vér allir fyrir handan á upp frá Akri, Sturl. ii. 210; hér fyrir handan ána, Ísl. ii. 260; fyrir handan ver, beyond the sea, Gkv. 2. 7; fyrir handan sundit, Hbl. …
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(= til ~), prep. with dat. to, for (~ Oddi).
and handar- in compds, vide s. v. hönd.
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f. working, MS. 4. 10.
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adj. manual, K. Á. 120.
(að), v. to make over (confirm) by shaking hands.
að, to make over by hansel, cp. Lat. mancipare; tak nú í hönd mér ok handsala, Nj. 21; rétt fram höndina ok h. mér nú landit, Eb. 38; h. sekð, sátt, Nj. 111, Grág. i. 118, 119; h. niðrfall at sökum, Nj. 21; h. e-m fé sitt, Glúm. 364, Eb. 156; h. sjálfdæmi, Bs. i. 286; h. löggrið, Grág. i. 19; fé handsalat, 399; h. kaup, to strike a bargain, N. G. L. i. 24; þá skal hann krefja harm verka slíkra, sem hann handsalaði honum, as he stipulated with him, 35: recipr., handsalask e-t, to stipulate with one another, Grág. i. 116; takask þeir í hendr ok handsalask við sættina, Sturl. ii. 252: part., handseld sök, etc., a suit conducted by proxy, Nj. passim.
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n. a bond of handsal, N. G. L. i. 223.
m. bail, surety.
or handsala-maðr, m. a bail, surety, Grág. i. 295, 363, 655 iii. 1, Sturl. iii. 43.
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n. a breach of h., N. G. L. i. 365.
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n. a breach of h., Grág. i. 384, 385, Gþl. 517.
n. strength of hand; lesa sik upp (to haul oneself up) með ~i.
n. hand-strength; lesa sik upp með handafli, to haul oneself up by strength of hand, Fas. iii. 283.
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a, m. the produce of one’s hands; lifa á handafla sínum, to live by one’s hands.
m. actual slayer, opp. to ráðbani.
a, m. a law term, an actual slayer, homicide; opp. to ráð-bani, hald-bani, Hdl. 28, (αυτόχειρ.)
f. hand-bell.
u, f. a hand-bell, Pm. 90.
f. ‘hand-supply’; lifa við ~ sina, to earn one’s own living; fœra e-n fram með ~ sinni, to support a person by one’s labour.
f. ‘hand-supply;’ esp. in phrases, lifa við h. sína, to live from hand to mouth, Fas. iii. 538; eiga allt undir h. sinni, id., Róm. 290; færa e-n fram með h. sinni, to support a person by one’s labour, Jb. 267; whence handbjargar-úmagi, a, m. (-maðr, m.), a person supported by another’s labour, id.
m. hand-bow, opp. to lásbogi.
a, m. a hand-bow, Landn. 288, Sks. 390, 626, Orkn. 148, Fms. vii. 45, Fb. i. 486; opp. to lásbogi, a cross-bow.
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f. a handbook, Vm. 52, Hom. 29.
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n. handicraft, manner of work, gott, íllt h.: of needlework, það er handbragðið hennar á því, and the like.
n. encumbrance (e-m verðr ~ at e-u).
mod. hand-bendi, n., prop. a handcuff: metaph. a hindrance, bother, e-m er (verðr) h. at e-u, to be bothered with a thing, Karl. 234; það er h. að honum; hann ekki nema til handbendis.
a. ready at hand.
adj. ready at hand, Greg. 7, Hornklofi.
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dróg, to pull, Thom.
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adj. having fair hands, Korm.
n. span.
n. ‘hand-grip,’ a span, Gísl. 23.
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fór, to touch with the hands, Bs. i. 460.
a. n. lack of hands (~ varð upp at bera).
n. adj. lack of hands, having too few hands, Fb. i. 521.
I)
(-sta, -str), v. to strike a bargain by shaking hands, to pledge (~ heit sitt); biskup handfesti (betrothed) jungfrú Ingiborg.
II)
f. striking a bargain by joining hands.
1. t, a law term, to strike a bargain by shaking hands, to pledge; h. heit sitt, Fms. vi. 145; Ásgrímr handfesti at greiða þriggja vetra skatta, Bs. i. 740; handfestir eiðar, Dipl. ii. 19; biskup handfesti (betrothed) jungfrú Ingilborg, Fms. x. 103, H. E. i. 248; handfest mér upp á trú þína, at …, Stj. 629. 2 Kings x. 15.
2. u, f. (hand-festning, f., H. E. i. 251), = handfestr, Dipl. iv. ii, Fb. i. 366, Bs. ii. 61.
f. striking a bargain by joining hands.
f. striking a bargain, the joining hands; þá ferr handfestr um allt skipit þeirra í millum at þessu heiti, Bs. i. 421; áttu þeir at handfesti ok vápna-tak at þessu heiti, Fms. viii. 55; tóku þeir heit sitt með h., v. 138; sira Oddr tók þá ok þetta skilorð með h., Bs. i. 746; við vitni ok h., Fb. i. 366: it answers to the signing one’s name in mod. law. ☞ In the early Dan. and Swed. laws the stipulation to be given by the king at his coronation was called haand-fæstning. In Scotland marriage used often to be preceded by a preliminary union called hand-fasting, see Jamieson s. v.
II. a rope by which to haul oneself up, Jm. 1.
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að, = handvætta.
f. handful.
f. a handful, Ó. H. 211.
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n. an angling line.
f. surrender, submission.
u, f. surrender (cp. ganga á hönd e-m), also submission to one as liege-lord; veita e-m handgöngu, Ó. H. 97; þá varð ekki af handgöngu við konunga, 163, Róm. 124, 134.
pp. that has become a retainer to the king (gørast ~ e-m).
part. [Dan. haandgangen], a king’s officer, belonging to the king’s household; görask h. e-m, Eg. 29, 197, Sks. 249, Eb. 110, Fs. 70; synonymous to hirðmaðr, Fms. iv. 122, Al. 27, N. G. L., Jb. passim.
a. handy, adroit.
adj. handy, adroit, Valla L. 223.
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adj. having a thin hand.
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n. = handrán, Bs. ii. 45.
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ð, to have in hand, possess, Gþl. 313.
m. having in hand (vera ~ at e-u).
a, m. having in hand, Fb. 329; vera h. at e-u, to get into one’s hands, clutch a thing (as a law term less than to own); vera h. at jörðu at úleyfi konungs, Gþl. 452; ef sá kallask keypt hafa er h. er at, N. G. L. i. 249, Sturl. i. 56 (of unlawful seizure).
a. having a lame hand.
adj. having a lame, bad hand, Sturl. i. 189.
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adj. having a warm hand.
n. hand-instrument.
n. and hand-höfn, f. a hand instrument, Þjal. 8.
n. hacking off one’s hand.
n. a hacking off one’s hand, Sturl. iii. 116.
(see höggva), v. to hack one’s hand off.
hjó, to hack one’s hand off, Eb. 58, Fms. viii. 167.
f. hand-work.
f. = hannyrð, Bs. i. 619.
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adj. having (usually) a cold hand.
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u, f. a hand-box, D. N.
f. hand-bell.
u, f. a hand-bell, Vm. 114, 117, B. K. 83.
n. hand-towel.
n. a hand-towel, N. G. L. ii. 443, Nj. 176, Fms. iii. 194: for use in church, Vm. 15, 104, 117, Dipl. iii. 4, B. K. 83.
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m. pl. a kind of crutches, Mar. 69, 70.
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a, m. an arm-pit.
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m. a game, ‘hand-crook,’ pulling with crooked hands.
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t, recipr. to try the strength by pulling with crooked hands, Fms. vi. 203, Fs. 78 (where it is used of hooking hands together and standing in a circle as in a dance).
f. quern, hand-mill.
f. a quern, hand-mill, B. K. 81.
n. joining hands.
or hand-lög, n. [cp. mid. Lat. andilago, andilangus, per festucam et per andilangum tradere, Du Cange]:—joining hands, a pledging, = handfestr, Eb. 128, Sturl. iii. 233, D. N. i. 134: in sing., Dipl. i. 11.
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part. adroit; hand-lagni, f. adroitness.
a. with a lame hand.
adj. indecl. with a lame, bad hand, Bs. ii. 29, Karl. 547.
a. lazy to use one’s hands.
adj. lazy, Sturl. iii. 200.
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f. pl. washing the bands, a custom with the men of old after as well as before meals; gefa e-m h., Fms. vi. 321, Stj. 153; taka h., Fms. vii. 85; ganga til handlauga, v. 317; bera inn h., Nj. 220 (after dinner); Bergþóra gékk at borðinu með handlaugar, Nj. 52, cp. Nj. ch. 117, Lv. ch. 13, Har. S. Harðr. ch. 79: in sing. of the basin = mundlaug, Fms. vi. 199, Fb. iii. 467.
a. handless.
adj. without hands, Gísl. (in a verse).
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lagði, = handfesta; h. e-m e-t, to pledge, confirm by handlög, Dipl. ii. 5; h. e-m land, til eignar, to sell an estate by handlög, Dipl. ii. 8, Thom. 298; handlagði Sophia kirkjunni til eignar þrjá tigi hundraða, Pm. 9: to seize, Post. (Fr.)
m. arm, fore-arm.
m. the ‘hand-leg,’ the arm, Landn. 119 (v. l.), Bjarn. 65, Grett. 140, Nj. 19, 116, Ld. 220, Sturl. i. 85, ii. 104, Bs. i. 640, ii. 29, Fms. i. 16, ii. 264, vii. 226, Bárð. 169; cp. fótleggr: Icel. distinguish between upp-h., the upper-arm, and fram-h., the fore-arm; in mod. speech this compd word has almost superseded the old armr, q. v.
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u, f. guidance.
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lék, to wield in one’s hand, have in the hand.
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part. nimble-handed.
m. hand-lectern.
a, m. a hand lectern or reading-desk, Vm. 110.
m. lending a hand.
m. lending a hand, Fbr. 93.
n. sleeves.
n., eccl. sleeves, 625. 184, Fms. iii. 168, viii. 308, Vm. 30, Dipl. v. 18, B. K. 83, D. I. i. passim.
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adj. having a loutish, clownish hand.
n. strength of hand, working power.
and hand-megn, n. strength of hand, clasp, = handafl, Rb. 378; af handmagni, with the clasp of the hand, 625. 26: strength to work, working power, Grág. i. 237, 240: work = handbjörg, færa e-n fram á fé sínu eðr handmagni, 292. handmegins-úmagi, a, m. = handbjargar-úmagi, Grág. i. 289.
pp. with maimed hands.
part. with maimed hands, Sturl. i. 189 C.
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adj. having a soft hand.
pp. seized, caught.
part. seized, caught, Grág. ii. 136, 195, N. G. L. i. 61.
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adj. fumbling about and touching everything with the hands, esp. of children.
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a, m. a hand steel-yard, Gþl. 523, Jb. 373.
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a, m. a drawer in a chest, 677. 9; freq. in mod. usage, kistu-handraði, kistils-handraði, etc.
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adj., vide hamramr.
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n. a law term, ‘hand-robbery,’ wresting a thing out of another’s hand, a kind of frumhlaup (personal assault), defined in Grág. Vsl. ch. 3, liable to outlawry, Grág. ii. 191, N. G. L. i. 58, Gþl. 408, Jb. 426.
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n. a rope for hauling, Sks. 414.
n. hand-rail.
n. a hand-rail, of a staircase or the like, Fms. viii. 375 (of a bridge), Sks. 414.
n. ‘reefing cord’, in the phrase, svipta af ~i, to reef a sail.
n. [cp. handsyfte, Ivar Aasen], ‘hand-reefing,’ a naut. term, in the phrase, svipta h., to reef a sail; síga skyldi láta seglin, ok heldr seint, en svipta af handrifi, Ó. H. 182, (svipta af neðan handrifi, Fms. iii. 44.)
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n. ‘hand-writ,’ manuscript, (mod.) handrita-safn, n. a collection of manuscripts.
n.
1) = handaband;
2) pledge, bargain; taka við handsölum á e-u, to undertake the trust or charge of a thing; eiga handsól við e-n, to make a bargain with one; bjóða handsól fyrir e-n, to offer bail for one.
n. [Scot. hansel; Dan. handsel], a law term, usually in pl. handsöl, ‘hand-selling’ or hanselling, i. e. the transference of a right, bargain, duty to another by joining hands;—hand-shaking was with the men of old the sign of a transaction, and is still used among farmers and the like, so that to shake hands is the same as to conclude a bargain, cp. Lat. mandare = manu-dare, mancipium from manu capere; jafnt þykkja mér þín heit sem handsöl annarra manna, thy word is as good as the h. of other men, Lv. 65: a trust, charge, Grág. i. 190; þetta handsal líkaði ílla Þorbrands sonum, Eb. 156; er hjá vóru gjöfinni ok handsalinu, Anal. 293; biskups handsöl, Vm. 66; taka við handsölum á e-u, to undertake the trust, charge of a thing, Nj. 257; ek vil gjarna at þú takir handsölum á öllu fénu, Ld. 50; taka við fé með handsölum, Fs. 125; eiga handsöl við e-n, to make a bargain with one, Hrafn. 21, Rd. 243, Fb. i. 109; gefa e-m handsöl yfir e-u, Bs. ii. 64; bjóða h. fyrir e-n, to offer bail for one, Fs. 87; ganga til handsala fyrir e-n, Eb. 128, 148, Grág. and Sagas passim.
COMPDS: handsalsband, handsalsmaðr, handsalsrof, handsalsslit. …
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að, to gather together, keep, catch.
n. short sword, dagger; leika at handsöxum, to play with daggers (by throwing them in the air and catching them by the hilt).
n. a short sword, dirk, Fms. ii. 169, 268, 274, viii. 224. handsaxa-leikr, m. playing with dirks, by throwing them in the air and catching them by the hilt, Fb. i. 463.
a. slow with the hand.
adj. slow with the hand, Ísl. ii. 84.
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f. making over by handsal. handseldar-vitni, n. a witness to a handsal, Grág. ii. 203.
(see selja), v. to make over; handseld sök, a suit conducted by proxy.
d, = handsala, Nj. 33; h. e-m e-t, Gþl. 513: to stipulate, make a bargain, h. sér konu, 229; h. e-m vitni, verk, D. N. i. 100, N. G. L. ii. 163.
a. long-armed.
adj. long-armed, Fb. iii. 416.
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a, m., medic. a trembling of the hand.
n. throwing by hand, opp. to bogaskot.
n. a throwing by hand, opp. to bogaskot (shooting from a bow), Eb. 308, Fas. ii. 513, Fms. vi. 84, Bs. i. 621, Fb. i. 485.
f. hand-sledge.
u, f. a hand-sledge, Sks. 415.
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u, f. a hand-sling, Sks. 380.
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adj. small-handed.
a. strong-handed.
adj. strong-handed, Eb. 166.
a. with brawny hands; róa handstinnan, to pull strongly.
adj. with brawny hand; róa handstinnan, to pull briskly, Finnb. 250.
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adj. stiff-handed, awkward.
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adj. big-handed.
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adj. short-handed.
(t), v. ~ sik upp, to haul oneself up.
t, in the phrase, h. sik upp, to haul oneself up, Grett. 96, 141.
a. = handsterkr.
1. adj. = handsterkr, Fms. i. 305, x. 172.
2. m. strength of hand, Bær. 9.
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f. = handseld sök, Nj. 230 (MS.)
n. = handaband.
n. = handlag, Nj. 113, Sturl. i. 118, Bs. i. 771, Vm. 76.
v.
1) to seize, lay hold of;
2) to stipulate.
tók, to seize, capture, Nj. 136, Sæm. 33, Fb. i. 395, Fs. 102, Fbr. 54 new Ed. 2. hand-tekinn, part. stipulated, Fs. 15.
m. an arm-strap.
m. a lace-tag, Fms. vi. 140.
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adj. quite worthless.
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(-volka), að, to squeeze or crumple up with the hands.
(see vega), v. to weigh in the hand.
vá, to weigh in the hand, Fb. i. 370.
m. shoulder-seam.
m. a shoulder-seam, Fms. ii. 70, Thom. 41, Flov. 31.
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n. a handiwork, trade, profession, (mod.) handverks-maðr, m. a handicraftsman.
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m., medic. chiragra, gout in the hand.
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adj. in hand, quite certain, Karl. 175, 212, Thom. 5, 40, 63, 118.
(-tta, -ttr), v. = handvega.
tt, = handvega, Fms. ii. 129.
f. maladroitness, blundering.
f. ‘hand-slip,’ maladroitness, clownishness, blundering, Grág. i. 383, N. G. L. i. 22, 25, Gþl. 501, Js. 121.
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n. fidgetting with the hand, being handóðr.
f. hand-axe.
f. a hand-axe, Nj. 27, Glúm. 329, Eg. 769: used as a missile, Ó. H. 217.
n. coil (of a serpent); köttrinn beygði hangit (v. r. kenginn), the cat bent its back.
n. the coil of a serpent; beygja hangit, of a cat, Edda 33.
(hangi; hékk, héngum; hanginn), v.
1) to hang, be suspended (hvers manns alvæpni hékk yfir rúmi hans);
2) to cling to, hang fast to; weak pret. (hangdi naðran á lifrinni);
3) to be hanged (gengr þú at ~).
pret. hékk, 2nd pers. hékkt, mod. hékst, pl. héngu; pret. subj. héngja, mod. héngi; part. hanginn; pres. indic. irreg. hangi; a provincial weak pret. hangði also occurs a few times in old writers, e. g. Edda 76, which form is still heard in southern Icel. (in and about Reykjavík): [Ulf. hahan; A. S. hæn; Engl. hang; O. H. G. hahan; Germ. hangen; Dan. hænge; Swed. hänge]:—to hang, Lat. pendere:
α. to hang, be suspended; hvers manns alvæpni hékk yfir rúmi hans, Eg. 88; vápn sín, er þar héngu hjá þeim, 377; þetta it stóra sverð er uppi hangir, Fas. iii. 120; hann hefir nú tvá daga á krossi hangit, 625. 79.
β. to cleave to; svá hanga þykt á þeim skotin, Al. 138; ok hangði hón á lifrinni þar til er hann dó, Edda 76; en ef við hangir, if it hangs fast to, N. G. L. i. 66.
γ. to hang up, for smoking; eða tvau laer héngi, Hm. 66; whence hanginn, hung, smoked; hangið kjöt (proncd. hangi-kjöt), hung, smoked meat.
2. to be hanged, executed; annarr skyldi hanga, en öðrum steypa í forsinn Sarp, Fms. vii. 181; at eigi væri hverr yðvarr maklegri at hanga, 13; …
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m. a body ~ng on a gallows (hann settist undir hanga).
a, m. a law term, a body hanging on a gallows, Fms. v. 212: the mythol. phrase, sitja, setjask undir hanga, to sit under a gallows, of Odin, in order to acquire wisdom or knowledge of the future;—for this superstition see Yngl. S. ch. 7;—whence Odin is called hanga-guð, hanga-dróttinn, hanga-týr, the god or lord of the hanged, Edda 14, 49, Lex. Poët.; varðat ek fróðr und forsum | fór ek aldregi at göldrum | … nam ek eigi Yggjar feng und hanga, I became not wise under waterfalls, I never dealt in witchcraft, I did not get the share of Odin (i. e. the poetical gift) under the gallows, i. e. I am no adept in poetry, Jd. 3 (MS., left out in the printed edition). According to another and, as it seems, a truer and older myth, Odin himself was represented as hangi, hanging on the tree Ygg-drasil, and from the depths beneath taking up the hidden mystery of wisdom, Hm. 139; so it is possible that his nicknames refer to that; cp. also the curious tale of the blind tailor in Grimm’s Märchen, No. 107, which recalls to mind the heathen tale of the one-eyed Odin sitting under the gallows.
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u, f. epithet of a housewife whose keys hang at her belt, Rm.
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n. hung, smoked meat.
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m. a hank, coil; það er hangr á því, there is a coil (difficulty) in the matter.
m. cock.
a, m. [Ulf. hana; A. S. hana; Engl. hen; Hel. hano; Germ. hahn; Dan. and Swed. hane; cp. Lat. cano]:—a cock, Fms. v. 193, 194, Vsp. 34, 35, passim; veðr-hani or vind-hani, a weathercock; Oðins-hani, a kind of sandpiper, tringa minima; Þórs-hani; Óðinshani and Þórshani are distinguished, Þjóðólfr, May 15, 1869, p. 124.
2. as a nickname, Fms. xii, Fb. iii, Landn.; whence in local names, Hana-tún, Hana-fótr, etc., Landn.
COMPDS: hanagal, hanagalan, hanaótta.
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að, dep. to be coiled up, Fms. vi. 312; vide áhankast, p. 41.
m. hasp or clasp (of a chest).
a, m. [Dan. hanke; Engl. hank], the hasp or clasp of a chest, Fs. 132; naut. pullies or blocks for brailing up a sail, N. G. L. i. 101; whence hanka-gjald, n., 199.
pers. pron. he.
pers. pron. masc. he; fem. HÓN or HÚN, she; for the pronunciation of this word see introduction to letter H; as to the inflexion see Gramm. p. xxi; in the MSS. the word is usually abbreviated = hann; hº or hō = hón; m = hánum; ar = hennar; i or e = henni: the old dat. masc. was hánum, as shewn by rhymes, mána vegr und hánum, Haustl.; but in Icel. it was no doubt sounded h́num, by way of umlaut; it was then sounded hónum with a long vowel, and lastly honum with a short vowel, which also is the mod. form; the old MSS. often spell hánum in full; the spelling hönum in old printed books recalls the old form h́num; from Pass. 9. 7 it may be seen that in the middle of the 17th century the dative was sounded precisely as at present.
2. sing. fem. hón (ho in mod. Norse, hoo in Lancashire) seems to be the older form; the MSS. use both forms hón and hún, but the former is the usual one; it was prob. sounded h́n, which again points to a long root vowel, hánn, hána? [Cp. Ulf. is; Germ. er; A. S., Engl., and Hel. he; old Fris. hi; in the Scandin. idioms with a suffixed demonstrative particle, vide Gramm. …
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m. the Skilful, the Artist, name of a dwarf, Vsp.
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f. ‘skilful speech,’ eloquence, Róm. 301.
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adj. skilled; sú var mar hanarst (i. e. hönnust) á Haþalandi, she was the most skilled maid in Hadaland, on a Norse Runic stone, cited by Bugge in Tidskr. for Philol. vol. vi. p. 90; hence sjón-hannr or sjón-hannarr, ‘skill-sighted,’ one whose eyes are cultivated, having the eyes of an artist, Ó. H. 16.
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or hannyrð, f., esp. used in pl. and sounded hannyrðir; [this word is formed from hannr or hannar in the same way as einörð or einurð from einarðr]:—handiness, skill, fine work, esp. used of ladies’ needlework, embroidery, or the like, and freq. in mod. usage; enda er hannorð (skill, beauty) á hvívetna því er þú tekr þínum höndum til at göra, Clem. 24; hannörðir (pl.), 25; svá skyldi hans kona bera af öllum konum hannyrðir sem hón var hverri þeirra fríðari, Vígl. 48 new Ed.; kyrtill gullofinn ok gerr hannyrðum, hannyrð vefnaðar, Konr. (MS.); hón saumaði ok tefldi eða vann aðrar hannyrðir, Bs. i. 241; kenna konu við hannyrðir, Edda ii. 513; merkit var gert af miklum hannyrðum ok ágætum hagleik, Orkn. 28; hafa á skriptum ok hannyrðum, Gkv. 2. 15; hón hafði heima verit ok numit hannorðe (i. e. hannörð), Völs. S. 135 new Ed.; hón vandisk við borða ok hannyrðir, Fas. i. 523. hannyrða-kona, u, f. a woman skilled in needlework. ☞ This word is to be distinguished from hönd as it is spelt and sounded nn not nd, cp. Bugge’s interesting remarks in Hist. Tidskrift.
m. glove.
a, m. [O. H. G. hant-scuoh = hand-shoe, Germ. hand-schuh; Dan. handske]:—a glove, Ls. 60, Hbl. 26, Edda 39.
n. good luck.
n. [cp. Engl. hap, happy], good luck, but with the notion of hap, chance, as is well said in the ditty, hamingjan býr í hjarta manns | höpp eru ytri gæði, Núm. 2. 87; þá varð minna happit en ek vilda, Fms. i. 182; happa fullting, ‘hap-help,’ Deus ex machina, vi. 165; happ sótti þik nú en brátt mun annat, gættu at þér verði þat eigi at úhappi, Landn. 146; til happs ok heilla sátta (allit.), for good hap and health, Grág. ii. 21: in the saying, sá skal hafa happ er hlotið hefir, Eb. 24; úhapp, mishap.
COMPDS: happadrjúgr, happamikill, happaráð, happaverk, happauðigr, happfróðr, happlauss, happsamr, happskeytr, happmildr, happsnauðr.
a. lucky.
adj. lucky, Fas. iii. 619.
a. having great luck.
adj. having great luck, Hkr. iii. 422.
n. happy counsel.
n. happy counsel, Ísl. ii. 159, Hkr. ii. 88.
n. happy deed.
n. a happy deed, Fms. vii. 293.
a. lucky.
adj. wealthy, happy, Þorf. Karl. 378.
a. wise in season.
adj. wise in season, Þorf. Karl. 378.
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adj. hapless, Eg. (in a verse).
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-kunnigr, -reynir, -vinnandi, -víss, adj. happy, fortunate.
a. lucky.
adj. happy, lucky, Fas. iii. 427.
a. a good shot.
adj. a happy shot, Edda 17. In poetry,
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adj. hapless, Lex. Poët.
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(hafr-task), n. a haversack, Snót 163.
n. bond; see haft.
n. a bond; vide haft.
v. to stare, grin (?).
ð (?), [cp. Germ. harren], to wait upon (?), an απ. λεγ., Skm. 28; or perhaps the same word as the mod. hjara (q. v.), vitam degere.
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m. a pr. name (from herr, q. v.), Fms.
COMPDS: Haraldsslátta, Haraldsstikki.
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u, f. the coinage of king Harold Harðráði, Fms. vi.
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a, m. name of a poem, Fms.
adv. very (= harðla).
adv. = harðla, chiefly used in poetry, Al. 84, Fms. x. 101, Stj. 8, 452, Pr. 97, Lex. Poët.
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n. a law term, an execution for payment, Grág. i. 384, 398, 438.
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m. pl. the inhabitants of H., Hkr., Fms. xii.
n. pl.
1) hardness;
2) hardship, severity.
n. pl. hardness; harðindi hafða ek þar í hendi því at bein er hart, Bs. i. 874.
II. metaph. hardship, severity, K. Á. 54, Sks. 351, Fms. i. 220, vi. 110: esp. in mod. usage, a hard season, bad weather, harðinda-ár, -vetr, -sumar, vetrar-harðindi: harðindis-maðr, m. a stern man, Sks. 803.
adv. very (~ mikill, lítill).
and assimil. harla, adv. very, greatly, Fms. v. 257. vi. 217, Bs. i. 189, ii. 45, Stj. 58, Al. 156, Sturl. i. 159, Finnb. 232, passim.
adv.
1) forcibly, sternly;
2) fast (riða ~).
adv. forcibly, sternly, Fms. i. 71, vi. 44, Nj. 123, Gþl. 54: swiftly, fast, ríða harðliga, Karl. 58, Bær. 16; stíga h., Sks. 629.
a. hard, severe.
adj. hard, metaph. hard, severe, Nj. 181, Fms. ix. 291, v. l.
(að), v.
1) to harden;
2) to become severe (of weather); to grow worse; ~ði matlífi þeirra, they ran short of provisions.
að, to harden.
II. metaph. to be hardened, Stj. 261. Exod. vi. sqq., K. Á. 54, Fms. vi. 37, 153, vii. 30: to become severe, ii. 30, Sturl. ii. 255: of weather, Grett. 152, Fms. ix. 502, v. l.: of scarcity, harðnaði matlífi þeirra, they ran short of provisions, viii. 435: to be hard tried, tók þá at harðna í skapi sveins, the lad began to feel unhappy, Bs. i. 350: part. harðnaðr, hardened, i. e. grown up, Sturl. iii. 11; opp. to blautr; Grettir var lítt settr at klæðum, en maðr lítt harðnaðr, tók hann nú at kala, Grett. 91; ú-harðnaðr. unhardened, still a tender boy.
a.
1) hard (~ steinn, skafl);
2) hard, stern, severe (~ í skapi, í hjarta);
3) hardy; fólk hart ok illit at sœkja, hardy and difficult to assail; ~ í horn at taka, hard to take by the horns, stubborn; ~ bardagi, hard-fought battle; leika e-n bart, to treat one harshly; ríða hart, to ride fast.
adj., fem. hörð, neut. hart, [Ulf. hardus = σκληρός, αὐστηρος; A. S. heard; Engl. hard; Germ. hart; Dan. haard; Swed. hard]:
I. hard to the touch; eptir hörðum velli, Ísl. ii. 333; harðr skafl, Fb. ii. 103; harðar götur, hard, stony paths, Fms. x. 85; stokka eðr steina eðr hvargi þess er hart er fyrir, Grág. ii. 132; sjóða egg hart (harð-soðinn), Lækn. 472; af harðasta járni, Stj. 461: tempered, of steel, Gpl.
II. metaph.,
1. hard, stern, severe; hörð í skapi, Nj. 17 (skap-harðr); hörð orð, hard words, Fms. v. 106; harðr í hjarta, hard of heart, Flov. 38: with dat., harðr e-m, hard on one, Fb. i. 71.
β. hardy; fólk hart ok íllt at sækja, hardy and ill to fight against, Fms. i. 85; eiga harðan son, vi. 105; hinn vaskasti drengr ok hinn harðasti karlmaðr, Ísl. ii. 264; þeir eru harðir ok hinir mestu bardaga-menn, Karl. 282; harðr í horn at taka (metaph. from a bull), hard to take by the horns, Fms. xi. 221: hard, gloomy, í hörðu skapi, Bs. i. 351, Fas. iii. 522; með harðri hendi, with high hand.
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n. a quarry of h., Fms. viii. 224.
m. hard times, distress.
m. name of a firth in Norway; whence
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adj. hard-foot, a nickname, Ld.
a. hard-hearted.
(harð-brystr, adj., Greg. 41, Stj. 484), part. hard-hearted, Flov. 36.
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n. hard-heartedness, Thom. 486.
a. a hard householder.
adj. a hard householder.
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n. being h., Hkr. iii. 185.
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part. hard to draw, difficult, Nj. 100, v. l.
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adj. hard to draw, hard to manage, Nj. 90, 192.
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adj. sharp-edged, Grett. (in a verse).
a. hard-eyed.
adj. hard-eyed, Njarð. 364.
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n. ‘hard wrestling,’ force, Sks. 782, v. l.
m. ‘fast-goer’.
a, m. one who travels hard, a quick traveller, Sturl. iii. 122: as a nickname, Eg. 72.
adv. harshly, vehemently.
adv. harshly, Eb. 93 new Ed.
f. hardihood, valour.
f. hardihood, valour, Nj. 98, Fms. ii. 28, Fs. 13, Anal. 169.
a. = harðfengr.
adj. = harðfengr, Fas. i. 260, Ann. 1362 (in a verse).
adv. hardily, valiantly.
(-fengiliga, Fms. iii. 143), adv. hardily, valiantly, Bær. 8, Fms. xi. 131, x. 355.
a. hardy, valiant.
adj. hardy, valiant, Eg. 710, Nj. 192, Fas. ii. 525.
n. hard snow.
n. hard snow, Fbr. 39.
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m. ‘hard-leg,’ a tempered bar, poët. of a sword, Hkm.
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n. stubbornness, Ld. 176.
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adj. hard to overcome, Edda 27.
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(-geðjaðr), adj. hard-minded.
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adj. hard-going, rough, of a horse, opp. to góðgengr.
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adj. hard-clutched, Lex. Poët.
a.
1) hardy, stout;
2) strong built (harðgört skip).
adj. hardy, stout, Nj. 30: of things strong-built, Fms. x. 355 (a ship), Fas. i. 273 (a tower).
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adv. with hard hand, Eg. 720.
a. hard handed.
adj. hard-handed, strong-handed, Stj. 553, Sks. 753.
a. hard-hearted.
adj. hard-hearted, Hom. 101, 108, Gh. 1.
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m. a grinder (tooth), a nickname, Rd.
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part. hard-stretched, of a weft, Darr.
a. playing a hard, rough game; verða e-m ~, to play roughly with one; fá harðleikit, to be roughly treated.
part. playing a hard, rough game, Sturl. i. 23; verða e-m h., to play roughly with one, Fms. ii. 182, Stj. 463; fá harðleikit, to be roughly treated, Fms. vi. 210, ix. 449; göra e-m harðleikit, Grett. 127.
f. rough game.
f. a rough game, Fms. vi. 37, Karl. 456.
m. hardness, harshness.
m. hardness; hjartans h., Stj. 87: harshness, Fms. ii. 161, ix. 449.
a. hard-looking.
adj. hard-looking, Eg. 305, Fms. x. 173.
n. hard life, chastisement.
n. a hard life, chastisement, Bs. i. passim, Barl. 210: medic. hardness of bowels, constipation, Fél.
a. hard-tempered.
adj. hard-tempered, 655 B. xiii.
n. hard temper.
n. a hard temper, Fms. vi. 45.
a. = harðlundaðr.
adj. hard-tempered, Nj. 16, Sturl. ii. 185.
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a, m. ‘hard-maw,’ a nickname, Fms. vii. 217. harð-mannligr, adj. hardy, manly, Fb. i. 168, Krók. 68.
n. hardy man.
n. a hardy man, Edda (Gl.)
a. hard of mood.
adj. hard of mood, Lex. Poët.
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(Grett. in a verse) and harð-múlaðr, part. hard-mouthed, Germ. hartmäulig, Sturl. (in a verse).
n. hard language.
n. hard language, Sturl. iii. 201, Bs. i. 766.
a. = harðorðr.
part. hard-spoken, Sturl. ii. 143, v. l.: gramm. pronouncing hard, opp. to linmæltr.
a. hard-spoken.
adj. hard-spoken, Fms. iii. 152.
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adj. hard in counsel, tyrannical, Nj. 2, Fms. vii. 280, xi. 18; ríkr maðr ok h., Ver. 42: nickname of king Harold given him in Fagrsk. 106.
n. hardship.
n. hardship, Rd. 249, Al. 82, Andr. 74: hard fare, sultr ok h., Stj. 257.
n.
1) hardiness, hardihood, firmness;
2) hardness, harshness.
n. hardiness, Fms. viii. 448, Nj. 258, 263: hard plight, Fms. i. 251: hardness, harshness, x. 401.
f. hard shooting.
n. hard shooting, Fms. iii. 18.
a.
1) shooting hard;
2) hard, severe.
adj. shooting hard, of an archer, Fms. ii. 320, Karl. 244: metaph. hard, severe.
pp. manned with hardy men.
part. manned with hardy men, Bs. ii. 30, Fms. ii. 183.
pp. hard-hammered.
part. hard-hammered, of iron, Hým. 13.
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adj. hard to mow, Glúm. 383, Fms. v. 203.
pp. ‘hard-twisted’, staunch, stubborn.
part. hard-twisted, metaph. staunch, stalwart, Nj. 178.
pp. hard to get, difficult.
part. hard to get, difficult, Fms. v. 169.
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or hall-sperra, u, f. stiffness in the limbs.
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a, m. hard-trodden snow.
m. whetstone.
m. a hard stone, a kind of whet-stone, Ísl. ii. 348, Glúm. 375, Fms. xi. 223.
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a, m. a tyrant: harð-stjórn, f. tyranny, (mod.)
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adj. hard-necked, stiff-necked.
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part. having hard teeth, Sks. 753.
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adj. hard, exacting, Háv. 40.
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f. hardness of heart.
a. hard-minded.
adj. hard-minded, Fms. iii. 95, Fs. 23, Fas. i. 217, Lex. Poët.
pp. strong-built, brawny.
part. hardy of limb, brawny, Fms. vii. 321, viii. 238.
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n. a hard, dry field.
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m. the name of a giant, Edda.
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adj. hardy, (cant word.)
n. pl. hard words.
n. hard words, Sturl. iii. 238, Hom. 144.
m. hard worker.
a, m. a hard worker, Fms. ix. 435.
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adj. hard working.
f. hardness of heart, severity.
f. hardness of heart, severity, Fms. viii. 232, x. 217.
n. noise, tumult.
n. a tumult, Fs. 6, Fms. vii. 168, 321, ix. 288, 516 (harshness), Fb. ii. 191, Finnb. 144; hark ok háreysti, Ísl. ii. 344.
I)
f. hardness, hardiness.
II)
(að), v.
1) to scrape together (~ e-u saman);
2) e-m ~r, ~r fyrir e-m, things go ill with one; ~r um e-t, it goes badly; ~st um, to be in a bad way;
3) refl., ~st, to make a tumult.
1. (qs. harðka), u, f. hardness, and metaph. hardiness, Fb. i. 521; freq. in mod. usage: also of a hard frost, mesta harka: the phrase, með hörku-munum, with utmost difficulty. hörku-veðr, n. hard frosty weather; vetrar-hörkur, winter frost.
2. að, to scrape together, with dat., Fms, viii. 73; munu þeir hafa harkat saman liði sínu, Mork. 90: impers., e-m harkar, things go ill with one, Finnb. 338, Fas. ii. 239; það harkar um e-t, id., Bjarn. 62.
II. reflex. id., Fas. ii. 307: to make a tumult, Finnb. 224; Ljótr vaknaði ok spurði hverr harkaðist, Háv. 31 new Ed.
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n. pl. rabble of children, Þrymlur 1. 3, (not háska-börn.)
f. coarse, scanty food.
u, f. coarse food, Sturl. i. 166.
n. rabble.
n. rabble, Ísl. ii. 91.
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m. a tramp, scamp, Sturl. i. 175.
adv. coarsely.
adv. coarsely, Sturl. ii. 163.
m. rubbish, trash.
a, m. rubbish, trash, (= mod. skran); kistur ok annar h., Karl. 554, Bs. i. 830, Fs. 44.
COMPDS: harkabörn, harkageta, harkalið, harkamaðr, harkasamliga.
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adv., vide harðla.
(að), v. to bewail; ~ sik, to wail; impers., e-m or e-n ~r, it vexes one, one is vexed.
að, to bewail, with acc., Nj. 20, Fms. i. 47, ii. 229, Hom. 20, Bs. i. 105, passim; h. sik, to wail, Fms. iii. 8: impers., e-m harmar, it vexes one, one is vexed, Blas. 41, Háv. 44.
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u, f. a billow of sorrow, Pass. 41. 4.
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m. the Lamentations, of Jeremiah.
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(-rödd), f. lamentation, Pass. 41. 7.
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f. pl. = harmtölur.
(-s, -ar), m. sorrow, grief.
m. [A. S. hearm; Engl. harm; Dan. harme]
I. grief, sorrow; hann mátti ekki mæla fyrir harmi, Fms. vi. 228: in plur., með hörmum, x. 368; mikill harmr er at oss kveðinn, Nj. 201, passim.
COMPDS: harmabylgja, harmagrátr, harmaraust, harmatölur, harmsauki, harmsfullr, harmsléttir.
II. in old poetry harmr often conveys the notion of harm, hurt, Skv. 2. 10, 11, Sdm. 12, 36, Ýt. 19.
III. a kind of hawk, Edda (Gl.)
IV. name of a fjord in Norway, Fms.
m. addition to one’s grief.
a, m. addition to one’s grief, Fms. vi. 237.
a. sorrowful, distressed.
adj. sorrowful, Fms. vi. 261, Edda 22, Fas. i. 456.
m. relief.
m. relief, Fms. iii. 5.
n. pl. mournful deeds.
n. pl. mischief, Akv. 15.
I)
m. sorrowful death.
II)
a. lamented (vera ~ e-m).
adj. indecl. (and harm-dauðr, adj., Fms. ix. 399), lamented, of one departed; vera harmdauði, Fms. vi. 232, ix. 421, x. 406, Orkn. 88, Fb. i. 28.
f. sorrow-dew, tears (poet.).
f., poët. sorrow-dew, i. e. tears, Hkv. 2. 43.
pp. affected by grief.
adj. bowed by grief, O. H. L. 46.
f. baneful shaft.
f. a baneful shaft, of the mistletoe, Vsp. 37.
a. = harmsfullr.
adj. sorrowful, Fms. v. 214.
n. pl. torments.
n. pl. torments, 623. 35, Fms. iii. 217, Magn. 530, Bs. i. 325, ii. 107.
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f. = harmkvæli, Matth. xxiv. 8.
f. tidings of grief.
u, f. tidings of grief, Stj. 522, Eb. 98, Lv. 64, Fms. xi. 17.
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f. sun of grief, name of an old poem.
f. cause of grief, sad case.
f. a sad case, Nj. 221, Eb. 34 new Ed., v. l. to harmsaga.
m. dirge.
m. a song of sorrow, dirge, Stj. 349, Bret. 68.
n. pl. = harmsaga.
n. pl. = harmsaga, Gísl. 109.
f. pl. lamentations.
f. pl. lamentations, Hkr. ii. 107, Bret. 70.
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adj. wretched, Lex. Poët.
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adj. = armvitegr, compassionate, Mart. 123, Bs. i. 332.
pp. filled with grief.
part. ‘grief-swoln,’ filled with sorrow, Stj. 520, Ld. 50, Fms. iii. 11, iv. 32, Pass. 2. 11.
a. swollen with sorrow.
part. = harmþrunginn, Fms. ii. 95.
f. harness, armour.
u, f. harness, armour, Bret. 60, Fms. x. 140: metaph. harshness.
f.
1) harp (leika, slá hörpu);
2) harp-seal (era hlums vant, kvað refr, dró hörpu at ísi).
að (?), to play on a harp, Str., a απ. λεγ.
f.
1) harp (leika, slá hörpu);
2) harp-seal (era hlums vant, kvað refr, dró hörpu at ísi).
u, f. [A. S. hearpe; Engl. harp; O. H. G. harpha; Germ. harfe; Dan. harpe]
I. a harp, it occurs as early as Vsp. 34, Akv. 31, Am. 62, Og. 27, Bs. i. 155, Fms. vi. 203, vii. 97, Sks. 704.
COMPDS: hörpuleikr, hörpumaðr, hörpuslagi, hörpuslagr, hörpustokkr, hörpustrengr.
II. metaph. a shell; erat hlums vant kvað refr, dró hörpu at ísi, a saying, Fms. vii. 19: whence hörpu-diskr, m. a ‘harp-disk,’ a kind of shell: hörpu-skel, f. a harp-shell, Eg. 769, Eggert Itin.
III. the first month of the summer, from the middle of April to the middle of May, is called Harpa.
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a, m. a harper, Str. 57.
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m. resin, (mod.)
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a, m. = hörpuslagi, Stj. 460, Bret. 10.
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m. = hörpusláttr, Eluc. 53, Bær. 4, Orkn. (in a verse).
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a, m. [akin to the mod. herra, q. v.], a lord, king, only used in poetry, Edda 104, Gloss.; hann heimti þangat Valerianum harra sinn, Greg. 75: as a pr. name, Landn.; as also the name of an ox, Ld., whence local names such as Harra-staðir, m. pl., freq. in western Icel.
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adj. bright-haired, Fas. ii. 365.
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m. a hair comb.
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að, in ofhasa, e-n hasar á e-u, to be surfeited with a thing, of food.
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m. [A. S. hæsel; Engl. hasel; Germ. hessel], the hasel, Str. 66.
I)
(pl. höslur), f. pole of hazel wood.
II)
(að), v. to mark out by hazel-poles; ~ e-m völl, to challenge one to a pitched battle or duel.
1. in pl. höslur, f. pegs or poles of hasel-wood, a technical term for the four square poles that marked out the ground for a pitched battle or a duel, described in Korm. 86, Eg. 277; undir jarðar höslu, poët. within the pale, on the face of the earth, Edda (in a verse by a poet of king Canute).
2. að, in the old phrase, hasla (e-m) völl, to ‘enhasel’ a battlefield, to challenge one’s enemy to a pitched battle (or duel) on a field marked out by hasel-poles, Korm. 46, Hkr. i. 150, Eg. 273, 275, 276 (of the battle of Brunanburgh).
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að, the mod. form of the old hersta (q. v.) in the phrase, hasta á e-n, to rebuke one to silence, command one to hold his peace, e. g. of children: used of Christ in the Gospel, þá reis hann upp og hastaði á vindinn og sjóinn, þá varð logn mikit, Matth. viii. 26.
adv. suddenly.
adv. hastily, suddenly.
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adj. hasty, sudden.
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adj. = herstr, harsh, esp. of speech; of a horse = harð-gengr.
a. harsh-spoken.
adj. = herstr, harsh-spoken, Ísl. ii. 158.
(að), v.
1) to hate (~ e-n);
2) to damage, destroy (poet.);
3) refl., hatast við e-n, to be full of hatred against one.
að, [Ulf. hatan = μισειν; A. S. hatjan; Engl. hate; O. H. G. hazen; Germ. hassen; Dan. hade; Swed. hata]:—to hate, with acc., Stj. 168, Post. 656 C. 27, Hom. 159, Fms. vi. 5, passim.
2. reflex., hatask við e-n, or móti e-m, to breathe hatred against one, Fb. ii. 339, Fms. i. 37, vi. 9, 186, viii. 238, xi. 259, Fs. 31, Eg. 139: recipr. to hate one another:—part. hatendr, pl. haters.
II. the poets use hata with dat. in the sense to shun; eldr ok vatn hatar hvárt öðru, fire and water shun one another, Edda 126 (Ht. 17); hata gulli, to spend gold, Fas. i. 258; hata baugi, id., Fas. i. 259 (in a verse); sá er brott verðr hataðr, forsaken or driven away, Anecd. 26; this is prob. the original sense of the word, vide hati below. ☞ But hatta (double t, qs. hvata) seems a better reading; at least, Sturl. in a verse of A. D. 1207 makes trautt and hattar rhyme.
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a, m. one who shuns; baug-hati, gull-hati, a liberal man, Lex. Poët. passim.
2. the name of the mock sun (wolf) which is in front of the sun, Edda (Gl.), Gm. 39: the name of a giant, Hkv. Hjörv.
n. hatred, enmity.
n. [Ulf. hatis = ὀργή; A. S. hete; Engl. hate; Germ. hass; Dan. had; Swed. hat]:—hatred, spite, aversion, Hm. 154, Post. 645. 64, Magn. 470, Stj. 192, Fms. viii. 26, xi. 437, passim; mann-hatr, misanthropy; trúar-hatr, religious fanaticism; þjóð-hatr, (mod.)
COMPDS: hatrsfullr, hatrssök.
a. hateful hostile.
adj. hateful, Skálda 199.
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f. cause of hatred, Stj. 192.
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adj. spiteless, free from spite.
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n. freedom from spite, Mar.
adv. hatefully.
adv. hatefully, Fms. i. 270, Bs. i. 45.
a. hateful.
adj. hateful, Bs. ii. 126.
a. hateful hostile (hatrsamr e-m).
adj. (-liga, adv.), hateful, rancorous, Mar.
a. hateful hostile (hatrsamr e-m).
adj. rancorous, H. E. i. 501, Karl. 127.
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f. rancour, Fr.
m. hat, = höttr.
m. a hat, Nj. 32, Fms. i. 74, Eg. 407; vide höttr.
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n. poët. the head, Ad. 7.
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interj. ho ho! of shouting, = hó, Karl. 321.
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adj. calving in autumn, of a cow.
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vide haðna.
n. poet. earth.
n. [the etymology of this word is not known], poët. earth, Edda 97, Hdl. 48, Lex. Poët. passim: allit., hauðr ok himin, Sól. 54.
COMPDS: hauðrgjörð, hauðrfjörnir.
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m., -tjald, n. the helmet, tent of the earth, i. e. the heaven, Lex. Poët.
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f., -men, n. the earth-girdle, i. e. the sea, Lex. Poët.
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m. a cairn breaker, a nickname, Landn. 278.
m. cairn fire.
m. a cairn fire, a kind of ignis fatuus, said to burn over hidden treasures in cairns, Eg. 767, Grett. l. c., Fas. i. 518. Hervar. S.
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m. the host of cairns, fiends, ghosts, demons, Sighvat.
f. the age of cairn-burial, opp. to brunaöld, the age of burning the dead.
f. the cairn age, opp. to
(-s, -ar), m.
1) mound;
2) sepulchral mound, cairn.
m. [akin to hár, high; Dan. höj; Swed. hog; North. E. how]:—a how, mound; haugr eða hæð, Mar., Fms. ix. 382, Stj. 260; there was usually a how near the houses, from which the master could look over his estate, Þkv. 6, Skm. 11; hann gékk nú at bæ Þorleifs ok at haugi þeim er hann sat a., Fs. 98; Þorleifr var því vanr, sem mjök var fornmennis háttr, at sitja löngum úti á haugi einum ok eigi langt frá bænum, Fms. ii. 59; þar er h. nokkurr er hann er vanr at sitja, v. 160; hann sat á haugi sem konungar, Hkr. i. 136, Stjörn. Odd. ch. 5.
2. a dung-heap. midden; fjós-h., a byre-midden; ösku-h., an ash-heap; myki-h., a muck-heap; draga myki út ok færa í haug, K. Þ. K. 100, Al. 178.
II. a cairn, over one dead; the cairns belong to the burning age as well as to the later age, when the dead were placed in a ship and put in the how with a horse, hound, treasures, weapons, or the like, cp. Eg. 6, 7, 768. Hkr. (pref.), Landn. 62 (twice), 81, 82, 86, 125 (lagðr í skip), 169, Gísl. 23, 24, 31, 32, Ld. ch. 8, 24, Nj. ch. 79, Eb. ch. 9, 34, Hrafn. (fine), Hervar. 13 sqq. (1847), Fagrsk. ch. 4, 5, Hkr. …
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n. the doors of a cairn, 655 xiv.
n. floor of a cairn.
n. the floor of a cairn, Fms. x. 213.
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f. cairn-making, Fms. x. 212, Fas. i. 429.
n. breaking of a cairn.
n. the breaking of a cairn, Sturl. i. 23, Bárð. 180.
m. ‘cairn-dweller’, ghost.
a, m. a ‘cairn-dweller,’ a ghost, Fb. i. 214, Grett. 38 new Ed.
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ð, to bury in a cairn, Fms. x. 212.
f. the breaking into a cairn.
u, f. the breaking into a cairn, Ísl. ii. 50, Fb. ii. 8.
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n. a Norse law term, the manorial right to treasures dug out of cairns, defined in Gþl. 310. haugóðals-maðr, m. an owner of haugóðal, id.
m. heathen burial-place.
m. a cairn-place, heathen burial-place, Hkr. i. 2.
pp. taken from a cairn.
part. taken from a cairn (weapon), Ld. 78.
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n. the roof of a cairn, Edda 68.
(-s, -ar), m. hawk; fleygja hauki, to fly a hawk.
m. [A. S. heafoc; Engl. hawk; O. H. G. habuch; Germ. habicht; Dan. hög; Swed. hök]:—a hawk, Fms. i. 119, xi. 21, Jb. 542: metaph. a hero, vera haukar görvir, Fms. vi. (in a verse); eiga sér hauk í horni, to have a hawk in the corner, to have one to back one; or perhaps the phrase is, hrók í horni, a rook in the corner, borrowed from chess. Hawks were in olden times carried on the wrist, whence in poetry the hand is called the seat, cliff, land of the hawk, hauk-borð, -klif, -land, -mærr, -storð, -strönd, -völlr; the adjectives hauk-fránn (of the eye, flashing as a hawk’s eye), hauk-ligr, -lyndr, -snarr, -snjallr are all of them epithets of a bold man, Lex. Poët.: hauka-veiði, n. hawking, Gþl. 429: hauk-nefr, m. hawk-bill, a nickname, Landn.; sparr-h., a sparrow-hawk.
II. as a pr. name, Landn.; and in local names, Hauka-gil, Hauka-dalr, whence Haukdælir, m. pl. name of a family, Sturl.; Haukdæla-ætt, f. id.; Hauk-dælskr, adj. …
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f. hawk island, Sighvat; the old poët calls Norway the hawk island of the Danish king Harold, because he got a tribute of hawks from that land, Fms. vi. 44 (v. l.), cp. x. 341.
a. hawk-like (of the eyes).
adj. hawk-like, of the eyes, appearance, Fms. x. 383, Lex. Poët. passim.
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or hauk-stallar, is a corrupt form of the A. S. heage-steald = young man, Og. 7, Skv. 3. 31, Edda (in a verse by a poët of the time of king Canute).
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adj. indecl. ruptured; eins er gangr aula | og þeir vagi um haula, Hallgr.
m. rupture, hernia.
m., acc. haul, a rupture, hernia, Bs. i. 208, Fél. ix. 218, where a distinction is made between kviðar-haull, nafla-h., nára-h., etc.: the passage höll við hýrógi, Hm. 138, is no doubt corrupt for við haulvi hýrógr, or hýrógr við haul, i. e. spurred rye (ergot of rye) against hernia:—the sense is clear, though the exact wording is not; the whole verse is a rude old medic. receipt, and the explanation of this passage as given by translators and commentators is no doubt erroneous.
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m., Matth. xxvii. 33; in poetry the heaven (vault of heaven) is called the skull of the giant Ymir, undir gömlum Ýmis hausi, under the old skull of Ymir, sub dio, Arnór, see Edda, Vþm., Gm. l. c.
m. skull-cleaver (nickname).
m. skull-cleaver, a nickname, Orkn.
n. pl. sutures of the skull.
m. pl. sutures of the skull, Fas. iii. 214,
(pl. hausar), m. skull.
m. [cp. Dan. isse], the skull, cranium, Vþm. 21, Gm. 40, Grág. ii. 11, Fb. i. 235, ii. 79, Eg. 769, 770, Nj. 253, Landn. 51, passim.
COMPDS: hausakljúfr, hausamót, hausbrot, hausfastr, hausfilla, hauskúpa, hausskel, Hausaskeljastaðr.
II. the head, of beasts, fishes, þorsk-hauss, hross-h., hunds-h., nauts-h.; of men only as in contempt = blockhead.
n. harvest season, autumn.
n.; that this word was originally masc. (as vetr, sumarr) is seen from the other Teut. idioms, as also the Norse form haustar- (for haust-), which occurs in haustar-tími, Stj. 14, and haustar-dagr, D. N. (Fr.), = haust-tími, haust-dagr; [A. S. hærfest; Engl. harvest; O. H. G. herbist; Germ. herbst; Dan. höst = harvest; Swed. höst: haust is in Icel. only used in a metaph. sense]:—autumn (harvest season), for the extension of that season see Edda 103, Nj. 9, 168, Fb. ii. 185, passim.
COMPDS: haustblót, haustboð, hauatbær, haustdagr, haustgríma, haustheimtur, hausthold, haustkveld, haustlag, haustlangr, haustleiðangr, Haustlöng, haustmánuðr, haustmyrkr, haustnott, haustskuld, haustsól, haustveðrátta, haustvíking, haustþing, haustöl.
(að), v. to draw near autumn.
að, to draw near autumn, Eg. 18, 251, Fms. ii. 29, 127.
n. sacrificial feast in autumn.
n. a sacrificial feast in autumn, Eg. 5.
n. autumn feast.
n. an autumn feast, Gísl. 27, Fb. i. 302, Ld. 194, Þorf. Karl. 368.
m. day in autumn; at or í haustdegi, in autumn.
m. autumn days, Eg. 12, Fms. x. 188.
f. autumn night.
u, f. an autumn night, Hm. 73.
f. pl. getting in sheep in autumn.
f. pl. getting in lambs in autumn, Band. 11 new Ed.
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n. pl., in the phrase, í haustholdum, a farmer’s term for cattle in a fat condition in autumn.
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n. an autumn evening.
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n., in the phrase, at haustlagi, of paying debts in cattle in autumn.
a. lasting all the autumn.
adj. lasting all the autumn, Eg.
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m. an autumn levy, D. N.
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f. (viz. drápa), the name of an old poem (Edda), prob. from being composed in autumn.
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hauat-mögöttr, vide höss.
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m. an autumn month, September, Edda 103.
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m. autumn darkness, a nickname, Landn.
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f. an autumn night, Fms. vi. (in a verse), Konr. 22.
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f. in a pun, vide Sturl. iii. 216.
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f. an autumn sun.
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u, f. autumn weather.
f. free-booting expedition in autumn.
f. a freebooting expedition in autumn, Orkn. 462.
n. autumn assembly.
n. the autumn assizes, Nj. 251.
n. autumn (drinking) festival.
n. an autumn banquet, Fms. x. 393.
n. skull-fracture.
n. skull-fracture, Bs. ii. 18.
a. seated in the skull.
adj. seated in the skull, Bs. i. 641.
f. the skin of the skull.
u, f. ‘skull-film,’ scalp, Tristr. 3.
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u, f. ‘skull-basin,’ skull.
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f. skull shell, (Germ. hirnschale); in the Icel. N. T. Golgotha is rendered
I)
interj. eh! what do you say?.
II)
f. after-grass, after-math.
III)
f. hide (hangir með hám).
1. mod. ha, interj. eh? (what did you say?), Sks. 304, 365; in the last century the long vowel was still sounded in the east of Icel.
2. ð, in the phrase, e-m háir, one is pinched or worn by sickness, work, or the like; honum háir það, snarpr sultr hár (pinches) mannkyni, Merl. 2. 31; nú vill oss hvervetna há, everything vexes us, Fas. iii. 12, freq. in mod. usage. The part. háðr (háðr e-m, depending upon one, subservient to one, ó-háðr, independent) belongs either to há or to heyja.
I)
interj. eh! what do you say?.
II)
f. after-grass, after-math.
III)
f. hide (hangir með hám).
f, after-math, N. G. L. i. 40, cp. 289, freq. in mod. usage, whence há-bit, n. the after-math bite or grazing, Gþl. 407, 503.
II. the hide of a horse or cattle, Hm. 135; hross-há, a horse’s hide: nauts-há, a neat’s hide; but gæra of a sheep: þing-há, a ‘thing-circuit,’ district, from heyja (q. v.); or is the metaphor taken from an expanded hide?
III. in poetry há seems to occur twice in the sense of battle-field or battle, from the fact that duels were fought upon a hide: fara at há, to go to battle, Ó. H. (Sighvat); at há hverju (hverri), Hervar. (in a verse).
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f. a ‘high-bank tide,’ very high tide.
n. noon-tide.
n. the midday time, Sturl. ii. 199: in many local names, hádegis-varða, -bunga, denoting the point in the horizon under the hádegi.
n. scoffing, mocking.
n. [cp. Ulf. hauns = ταπεινός; Engl. heinous; Germ. hohn; Dan. haan; old Dan. haad]:—scoffing, mocking, Nj. 66, Fms. vi. 21, 216, vii. 61, Hm. 133; háð ok spott, Ísl. ii. 265, passim.
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adj. scoffing.
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adv. shamefully, Fms. viii. 171, Orkn. 120, Fas. i. 21.
a.
1) scornful, abusive (háðulig orð);
2) disgraceful (háðuligt verk).
adj. scornful, Fms. iii. 148: contemptible, h. orð, abusive words, Stj. 107; h. verk, disgraceful deeds, 218, 623. 12.
f. shame, disgrace.
f. shame, disgrace, Hm. 101, Nj. 80, Grág. ii. 121, Fms. vi. 417, xi. 152, Stj. 407, O. H. L. 45. háðungar-orð, n. pl. words of scorn, Sturl. iii. 163, Stj. 643.
a. scoffing.
adj. scoffing, Fms. iii. 153: a nickname, Landn.
f. mockery (með hrópyrðum ok ~).
f. mockery, Fms. iii. 154, Hom. 86.
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adj. free from scoff, upright, Lex. Poët.
(-rs, -rar), m. he-goat, buck.
m. a dog-fish, háfs-roð, n. shagreen; vide hár.
(-rs, -rar), m. he-goat, buck.
m. [North. E. haaf], a pock-net for herring-fishing; reyk-háfr, a ‘reek-draft,’ a chimney.
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f. pl. riches, good things, Volks. 291, Hallgr. Pét.
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m., the proper sense may have been some kind of fish, cp. Engl. hake; the word is seldom used but in compds; mat-hákr, a glutton; orð-hákr, foul mouth: a nickname, hann var fyrir því kallaðr Þorkell hákr at hann eirði öngu hvárki í orðum né verkum, Nj. 183.
f.
1) region, part (veröldin var greind í þrjár hálfuir);
2) lineage, kin (frjálsborinn í allar hálfur);
3) af e-s hálfu, on one’s behalf; on one’s part; af guðs hálfu ok lands-laga, on behalf of God and the law of the land.
u, f. often proncd. álfa, [akin to hálfr; Goth. halba = μέρος, 2 Cor. iii. 9; A. S. half; Hel. halba = latus]:—prop. a half, a part:
I. a region, quarter, of the world, Stj. 72; í fyrrnefndum fjallsins hálfum, 87; í öllum hálfum heimsins, 18; í álfum Orkneyjaríkis, Magn. 502; í várri byggilegri hálfu (zone), Rb. 478; veröldin var greind í þrjár hálfur, Edda 147; whence Austr-álfa, the East = Asia; Norðr-álfa, the North = Europe; Suðr-hálfa, Africa; vestr-álfa, America, (mod.); heims-álfa, one of the three (four) quarters; lands-álfa, region, Jesús gékk burt þaðan og fór í lands-álfur Tyri og Sidonis, Matth. xv. 21.
β. with the notion of lineage, kin; svá höfðu þeir grimmliga leikit alla þá hálfu, all people of that kin, Fms. viii. 23; þá skulu taka arf bræðrungar ok systrungar, en fleiri menn ór annari hálfu (lineage), Grág. i. 17; seint er satt at spyrja, mér hefir kennt verit, at móðir mín væri frjálsborin í allar hálfur, Ó. H. 114; konungborin í allar ættir ok hálfur, Fb. ii. 171, cp. Ó. H. 87, l. c.
γ. …
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að, to have half done with a thing; er þeir höfðu hálfnað sundit, Fær. 173: to be half gone or past, Fms. iii. 81, Bret. ch. 13, Sd. ch. 22 (slain the half of it); dagr, nótt, vegr er hálfnaðr, the day, night, way is half past.
a.
1) half; ~ mánaðr, half a month, fortnight; til hálfs by a half; ~ annar, þriði, fjórði, &c., one, two, three and a half; hálft annat hundrað, one hundred and a half; ~ þriði tøgr manna, twenty-five men;
2) neut. ‘hálfu’, by half, with a comparative in an intensive sense, much, far; hálfu verri, far worse; hálfu meira, far more; hálfu siðr, far less.
adj., hálf (hlf), hálft, freq. spelt halbr, halb er öld hvar, Hm. 52; [Goth. halbs; A. S. healf; Engl. half; Hel. halba; Germ. halb; Dan. halv; Swed. half]:—half; hálfr mánuðr, half a month, a fortnight, Nj. 4; þar átti hann kyn hálft, Eg. 288; hálf stika, half a yard, Grág. i. 498; hálf Jól, the half of Yule, Fs. 151, passim: adverb. phrases, til hálfs, by a half, Eg. 258, 304; aukinn hálfu, increased by half, doubled, Grág. i. 157, Gþl. 24.
2. with the notion of brief, scant, little; sjá hálf hýnótt, that little night, Skm. 42; hálf stund, a little while; eg skal ekki vera hálfa stund að því, i. e. I shall have done presently, in a moment; cp. hálb er öld hvar, only half, Hm. 52; með hálfum hleif, with half a loaf, a little loaf of bread, 51: an Icel. says to his guest, má eg bjóða þér í hálfum bolla, í hálfu staupi, hálfan munnbita, and the like.
II. in counting Icel. say, hálfr annarr, half another, i. e. one and a half; h. þriði, half a third, i. e. two and a half; h. fjórði, three and a half; …
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f. a triangular kerchief, a square one cut in two, Ísl. i. 7.
a. slippery (var hált á ísinum).
adj., fem. hál, neut. hált, [different from hallr, q. v.; O. H. G. hâli; mid. H. G. hæli]:—slippery, of ice, glass, or the like, Eb. 120, 238, Fms. viii. 405, Nj. 144, Fb. ii. 327, Fs. 38, passim.
(gen. -s), m. straw, haulm (þeir lögðust þar niðr í hálm).
m. [A. S. healm; Engl. haulm; Germ. and Dan. halm; Gr. κάλαμος; Lat. calamus]:—straw, Stj. 201, 390, 560, N. G. L. i. 38, Eg. 205, 213, 560, Fms. ii. 3, 208, vi. 153, ix. 44; mar-hálmr, seaweed.
n. haulm-straw.
n. haulm-straw, Fas. iii. 412.
n. wisp of straw.
f. a wisp of straw, Fms. ii. 208, vi. 212.
n. flail.
f. a flail, Þorf. Karl. 422.
(gen. háls, pl. hálsar), m.
1) neck; taka höndum um ~ e-m, to embrace one; beygja ~ fyrir e-m, to bend the neck to one; liggja e-m á hálsi fyrir e-t, to reprove, blame one for; standa á hálsi e-m to put the foot on one’s neck;
2) bow of a ship or boat (Hýmir reri í hálsinum fram);
3) the front-sheet (tack) of a sail;
4) the end of a rope;
5) the tip of a bow (hann dregr svá bogann, at saman þótti bera hálsana);
6) ridge, hill;
7) pl., góðir hálsar, good men! fine fellows!.
m., prop. hals, [Goth., A. S., etc. hals; North. E. hause; cp. Lat. collum]:—the neck; dúkr á hálsi, Rm. 16; bjartr háls, 26, Fms. viii. 77; falla um háls e-m, to fall on one’s neck, embrace one, Luke xv. 20; leggja hendr um háls e-m, or taka höndum um háls e-m, id., Nj. 10, passim: phrases, beygja háls fyrir e-m, to bend the neck to one, Fms. ix. 446; liggja e-m á hálsi, to hang upon one’s neck, i. e. to reprove one, xi. 336, O. H. L. 36; standa á hálsi e-m, to put the foot on one’s neck, Hkv. 2. 28; and more mod., tapa hálsi, to forfeit one’s neck, Rétt. 61.
COMPDS: hálsbeina, hálsbjörg, hálsbólga, hálsbrotna, hálsdigr, hálsfaðma, hálsfaðman, hálsfang, hálsfengja, hálsgjörð, hálshögg, hálshöggva, hálsjárn, hálsklútr, hálslangr, hálslausn, hálsliðr, hálsliðamjúkr, hálsmen, hálssár, hálsslag, hálsspenna, hálsstefni, hálsstig, hálsstuttr.
B. Metaph.,
I. naut. part of the forecastle or bow of a ship or boat, (höfuð, barki, háls, the head, weasand, neck, are all naut. terms); Hýmir reri í hálsinum fram, Edda 35; Þórðr Köttr sat á hálsi ok hélt vörð, Ísl. …
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(að), v.
1) to embrace;
2) ~ segl, to clew up the sail.
að
I. poët. to embrace, Gkv. 1. 13, 3. 4.
II. to clew up the sail (cp. hálsan); þá mælti hann til sinna manna, at hálsa skyldi seglin, Fagrsk. 86.
III. to cut boards uneven so as to leave waves (hálsar) on the board.
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part. hilly, Stj. 94.
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f. a clewing up the sail, N. G. L. ii. 282 (Jb. 400).
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adj. smooth-necked.
n. neck-bone.
n. the neck-bone, Fb. iii. 195.
f. gorget.
f. a gorget, Sturl. ii. 84, Bs. i. 541.
f. a book to be hung from the neck.
f. a book to swear upon; the commentators explain it from its being worn round the neck, but no doubt erroneously; it is derived from A. S. hæls = salus, qs. hâls-bôc = healing book, holy book, Grág. i. 70, Fms. ix. 219, Nj.
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u, f. bronchitis.
(að), v. to break one’s neck.
að, to break one’s neck, Fms. iii. 171.
a. thick-necked.
adj. thick-necked, Eg. 305, Fms. iii. 129.
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að, to embrace, Str. 31.
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f. an embrace, Str. 53.
n. embrace.
n. embracing, Bret. 116, Sks. 513, Stj.
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ð, to embrace, Barl. 29.
f. necklace.
f. a necklace, Edda 84.
n. stroke on the neck.
n. a cut or stroke on the neck, Fms. viii. 318, Bs. i. 174, Fb. i. 139.
(see höggva), v. to behead.
hjó, to behead, Stj. 265, Hkr. i. 8.
n. neck-iron, iron collar.
n. a neck-iron, iron collar, Stj. 519, Dipl. v. 18, Fb. iii. 560.
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m. a neck cloth.
a. long-necked.
adj. long-necked, Fms. vii. 175, Sd. 147.
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f. ‘neck-loosing,’ i. e. giving a bondman freedom, (cp. frjáls, frihals,) the rite is described in N. G. L. i. 212.
m. neck-joint.
m. a neck vertebra, Finnb. 344.
n. necklace.
n. a necklace, Am. 44.
n. neck wound.
n. a neck wound, Sturl. iii. 115.
n. = hálshögg.
n. = hálshögg, Fms. viii. 318.
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t, to clasp the neck of another, Stj. 53.
n.
1) throat;
2) part of a ship.
n. the throat; hann lagði í hálsstefni framan fyrir hóstinn, Finnb. 314.
n., naut. term, the prow, Edda (Gl.): metaph., Finnb. 314.
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n. treading on one’s neck, Anecd. 30.
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adj. short-necked.
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u, f. slippiness; flug-hálka, gler-hálka.
m. slipperiness.
m. gliding, slippiness, Clar.
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n. high-mass time, Fms. viii. 291, Bs. ii. 24.
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u, f. (for. word), an amice, in church service, Vm. passim.
I)
(há, hátt), a.
1) high; á háfum fjöllum, in high mountains; hæri en, higher than;
2) tall (~ maðr vexti);
3) superl. at the highest pitch; meðan hæst væri vetrar, sumars, in the depth of winter, in the height of summer;
4) high, glorious; hæstu hátíðir, the highest feasts;
5) loud (~ brestr); mæla hátt, to speak loud; hón verðr há við, she becomes clamorous or excited.
II)
(gen. hás, pl. háir), m. thole.
III)
n. hair (jarpr á ~).
IV)
m. dog-fish.
1. adj., fem. há, neut. hátt, vide Gramm. p. xix; compar. hæri or hærri, superl. hæstr; hæðstr and hærstr, which are found in old printed books, are bad forms; for the inflexions, (which vary much, sometimes inserting f or v, sometimes not,) see the references below; in mod. usage the v is usually dropped, but the cases are bisyllabic, e. g. háir, háar, háa, háum, instead of the old hávir, hávar, háva, háfum or hám; the definite form in old writers is hávi or háfi, in mod. hái: [Ulf. hauhs = ὑψηλός; A. S. heah; Engl. high; O. H. G. hoh; Hel. hoh; Germ. hoch; old Frank, hag or hach; Swed. hög; Dan. höj; all of them with a final guttural, which in mod. Dan. has been changed into j; the final labial f or v, which in olden times was so freq. before a vowel, may be compared to laugh, rough, etc. in mod. Engl.; the g remains in the cognate word haugr]:—high; stiga sex álna háfan, Vm. 129; í hám fjalla-tindum, Edda 144 (pref.); á háfum fjöllum, Skálda 181; há fjöll, Getsp.; á hám gálga, Fsm. 45; á bekk hám, Akv. 2; hár bylgjur, Edda (Ht.); á borg inni há, Am. …
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n. the fashion of the hair.
a. hoary, grey-haired.
adj. [A. S. hear; Engl. hoar], hoary; hárir ok gamlir, Haustl. 10; háran ok skeggjaðan, 655 xiv. B, Fms. vii. 321, Ýt. 13, Fin. 34, Hým. 16; hárr í skeggi, Ld. 274; hárr þulr, Hm. 135; hárir menn, old men, Sighvat: in compds, fagr-hárr, fair-haired; dökk-harr, dark-haired; rauð-hárr, red-haired; hvít-hárr, white-haired; þunn-hárr, thin-haired; strý-hárr, bristly-haired; hrokkin-hárr, curly-haired; slétt-hárr, sleek-haired; mjúk-hárr, soft-haired; laus-hárr, loose-haired, with floating hair, of women: in mod. usually hærðr (q. v.), fagr-hærðr, etc.
m. color of the hair.
m. the colour of the hair, Nj. 219, Fms. xi. 8, Ld. 274.
(= hár-hamr), m. the hairy side of a skin.
m., proncd. hárramr = hárhamr (cp. Ivar Aasen haaram), the hairy side of a skin, Fas. i. 289.
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m. Gray-beard, a myth. name, Edda (Gl.): Prof. Bergmann, in his ‘Graubarts-lied,’ has conclusively shewn that the ‘Hárbarðr’ of the lay (Hárbarðs-ljóð) is not Odin, but Loki.
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adj. = hárhvass.
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m. a hair ribbon, Stj.
a. fair-haired.
adj. fair-haired, a nickname of king Harold.
f. fashion of the hair.
f. the fashion of the hair, Sturl. iii. 83.
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u, f., and hár-fléttingr, m. a plait of hair, Str. 40.
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u, f. a wide-toothed comb.
a. hair-edged.
adj. hair-edged, as a rasor, Eg. 715.
n. hair cloth.
n. a haircloth, Fms. v. 160, Rb. 368, Hom. 105.
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m. a hair knife, rasor, Bs. i. 306, Dipl. v. 18, Fms. v. 185, Stj. 409, 418, Þiðr. 122, Str. 77.
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or hárs-rætr, f. pl. the line on the scalp, esp. on the forehead, where the hair begins, [cp. Ivar Aasen baargard]; upp í hársrætr, upp í hársrótum, Eg. 305, Sturl. iii. 283.
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adj. having sensitive hair.
m. cut of the hair.
m. the cut of the hair, N. G. L. i. 345, Fms. ii. 189.
f. string of horse-hair.
f. a string of horse-hair, Sturl. iii. 206.
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að, to pull by the hair: metaph. to twist or split a hair.
f. fur.
u, f, fur, Fms. x. 202.
m. hair-growth.
m. hair-growth.
m. danger, peril.
a, m. [akin to hætta, q. v.; in North. E. hask is used of a cold, stormy wind], danger, K. Þ. K. 82, Al. 30, Fms. vii. 220, 252, passim; lífs-háski, life’s peril; sjávar-h., danger on the sea; salar-h., soul’s peril.
COMPDS: háska-för, -ferð, f. a dangerous exploit, Fms. viii. 50. háska-lauss, adj. without danger, 623. 40, Hkr. i. 488. háska-ligr, adj. (-liga, adv.), dangerous. háska-samliga, adv. dangerously, Fms. ii. 16, ix. 512, Stj. 189. háska-samligr, adj. perilous, Eg. 73, Fms. i. 76, viii. 328, Gþl. 199. háska-tími, a, m. time of danger, Sks. 45. háska-ván, f. danger to come, Sks. 182.
a. hoarse.
adj. [A. S. hæs; Engl. hoarse; O. H. G. heis; Germ. heiser; Dan. hæs]:—hoarse, Fms. i. 283, passim.
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a, m. midsummer time.
n. high-seat table.
n. a high-seat table, Hkr. ii. 188.
f. a chest near the high-seat.
u, f. a ‘high-seat chest,’ a daïs or chest near the high-seat, in which weapons and treasures were kept, Fms. vii. 185, viii. 444, x. 360, xi. 220.
m. the man in the high-seat.
m. the man in the chair, Ísl. ii. 438.
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m. a throne, Stj.
a. hoarse-speaking.
adj. hoarse speaking, Íb. 13.
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m. the eve of a feast, Bs. i. 170.
m. festal day, holiday.
m. a high day, Fms. ii. 198, Sturl. i. 130.
n. holding a feast.
n. the holding a feast, Hom. 83, Fms. i. 260: gen. hátíðis also occurs in compds,
m. = hátíðardagr.
m., Fms. x. 13 (v. l.), Sturl. i. 30;
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n. = hátíðaraptan.
adv. with festivity.
adv. with festivity, Hkr. i. 287, Fms. x. 149, Sks. 48.
a. festive, festal.
adj., festive, Sks. 465, Stj. 48, 110, 471, Hom. 97, 145, Fms. x. 280.
(að), v.
1) to arrange, dispose, with dat.; ~ sér, to conduct oneself; impers., ~r svá, at hann kom, he happened to come;
2) to go to bed.
að, [akin to hagr, haga, q. v., qs. hagta], to dispose, contrive, with dat., Bs. i. 170, Fms. vi. 149, Hkr. i. 120, Sks. 286: with adv., hátta svá, þannig, Al. 104, Fms. i. 57.
2. impers. it happens; háttar svá, at hann kom, Fms. x. 404: so also in neut. part., with the auxiliary verb, Dana-virki er svá háttað, the Dannewerk is so constructed, of that nature, Germ. so beschaffen, Fms. i. 123; hversu háttað er, iv. 274; honum er svá háttað, at hann fjarar allan at þurru, Eb. 236; svá er háttað, at þú ert með barni, Anal. 137; þar er svá háttað lands-legi, Fms. vii. 56; yðr frændum er svá háttað, you are of that mould, Nj. 252; svá er háttað, 73; hvernig var jörðin háttuð, how was the earth shapen? Edda 6. 3. háttaðr, part. mannered; vel, ílla h., Mar.: treated, sá hann hve bogi hans var til háttaðr, Fb. i. 532.
B. To go to bed; þar vóru góð híbýli ok heldr snemma háttað, Fs. 131; hann háttar snemma, ok er þeir höfðu sofit svefn, 143, Fas. ii. 428, freq. in mod. usage; cp. hætta, to leave work.
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n. pl. a flaw in a metre, Edda (Ht.) 134, 135, Skálda 210.
m. key to metres.
m. a key to metres, the name of an old poem on metres, Orkn. 304 (printed at the end of the Skálda, Reykjavík 1849).
n.
1) change of manners;
2) shifting of metre.
n. a shifting of metre, Edda 129.
n. enumeration of metres.
n. a number of metres, the name of a poem on metres, = Hátta-lykill, Edda 192; also in the title of Edda (Ub.) ii. 250.
(gen. háttar, dat. hætti; pl. hættir, acc. háttu), m.
1) mode of life, habit, custom (rikra manna ~); halda teknum hætti, to go on in one’s usual way;
2) pl. conduct, behaviour (vanda um háttu manna); fara vel með sínum háttum, to conduct oneself well; ráða sjálfr sínum háttum; one’s own master; halda háttum við aðra menn, to conduct oneself properly;
3) mode, way of doing a thing; kunna hátt á e-u, to know how to do a thing;
4) mikils háttar, of importance; lítils háttar, insignificant; þess háttar, of that kind; alls háttar, of every kind; á allan hátt, in every respect;
5) moderation, measure; eptir hætti, duly, properly;
6) metre.
m., gen. háttar, dat. hætti, pl. hættir, acc. háttu, [akin to hagr, qs. hagtr], manner, habit:
I. a mode of life, habit; ríkra manna háttr, Nj. 268; fara vel með sínum háttum, to conduct oneself well, Eg. 65; ráða sjálfr háttum sínum, to be one’s own master, Fms. vii. 199; fornmennis-háttr, ii. 59; riddaraligr háttr, x. 230; víkinga-háttr, Fb. i. 412; þat er háttr skálda at (it is the fashion of poets to) lofa þann mest er þá eru þeir fyrir, Hkr. (pref.): hátta-góðr, adj. well-mannered, Eb. 258: halda teknum hætti, to go on in one’s usual way, persevere, Fb. ii. 85, Eb. 77.
2. conduct; vanda um háttu manna, Fb. ii. 37.
II. a mode, way of doing a thing; kunna hátt á e-u, to know how to do a thing, Barl. 101:—answering to Lat. hoc modo, hunc ad modum, hann reist örn á baki honum með þeima hætti, at …, Hkr. i. 108; hann stóð upp ok svaraði erendi konungs með þessum hætti (as follows), Fms. i. 33; með hverjum hætti, in what manner? how? með ymsum hætti, etc.
2. appearance, manner; hversu vóru þeir menn í hátt, how did those men look? Stj. …
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f. danger, risk.
f. danger, risk, Fms. vi. 206, Fas. i. 178, Bs. ii. 120; cp. hætting.
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adj. well-mannered, Eb. 258, Fms. ix. 4.
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u, f. a kind of metre, Edda 137.
a. well-mannered, polite.
adj. well-mannered, Fms. viii. 4.
f. good manners.
n. good manners, courteousness, Fms. x. 75.
a. well-mannered.
adj. conducted, Stj. 206.
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f. conduct.
m. a noisy, self-assertive man.
m. a haughty person, Ísl. ii. 203, Nj. 61, passim.
a. boastful, self-assertive.
adj. haughty, boasting, Fms. ii. 154, vi. 106, Finnb. 292.
a. boisterous.
adj. boisterous, Dropl. 7.
m. high altar.
n. a high altar, Symb. 24, Hkr. iii. 293, Fb. ii. 376, Fms. v. 107, Dipl. iii. 4, v. 18, passim.
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a, m. a high bank:
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n. a string round the leg.
a. high-legged, long-legged.
and há-beinóttr, adj. high-legged, long-legged, Ísl. ii. 194, v. l.
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u, f. = hamla (see p. 244).
n. high rock.
n. a high rock, Bs. i. 49.
a. high-curved (of a saddle).
adj. high-curved, as a saddle, Sks. 403.
(að), v. to fit with rowlocks.
að, to fit with rowlocks, Fms. ix. 33.
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n. a high table; in the phrase, eiga ekki upp á há-borðit, not to be tip at the high table, to be held in small repute.
f. pl. rowlocks.
f. pl. rowlocks, Fms. ix. 33, Sturl. iii. 66.
f. a kind of hawk.
f., poët. name of a hawk, Edda (Gl.), Gm.: a nickname, Hkr., Eb.
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f. prudery, Karl. 239.
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að. dep. to puff oneself up, Fms. x. 200, Karl. 181.
n. midday, noon.
n. high day, about twelve o’clock (vide dagr), Nj. 208, Grett. 121, Landn. 94 (v. l. to miðdegi), Stj. 447; hádegis sól, the midday sun, Pass. 37. 13.
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f. high-bank, a local name, Nj.
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a, m. a high-stepper, poët. a racehorse, Edda (Gl.)
n. high mountain.
n. a high fell, Eg. 58, Stj. 87, Þm. 45, Hým. 22, Róm. 129, Bs. ii. 5.
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f. a high flood-tide, Fbr. 181, þorf. Karl. 420.
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u, f. high-leg, a nickname, Hkr.
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adj. high-footed, Konr.
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part. (uxi h.), fed on after-math, Stj. 493. 1 Sam. xxviii. 24.
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n. a high, tall horse.
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m. a shark, Dipl. iii. 4, Sturl. ii. 147, Fms. ix. 434.
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u, f. a ‘high-kirk,’ cathedral, Magn. 420.
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m. a pr. name, a family name within the old house of the Norse kings; as an appel. it seems to answer to A. S. heagestald, Germ. hagestolz, Icel. drengr, and to be identical with the mod. provincial Norse haaman (Ivar Aasen), a young, unmarried man.
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adj. high-leg, a nickname, Fb. iii.
m. highness.
(há-leiki), m. height, Sks. 47, 173.
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m. [from leistr (q. v.) and hár = a bough], a short sock reaching only to the ankles.
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adv. highly, gloriously, Sks. 623, Stj. passim, Fms. i. 331, Barl. 6.
a. sublime.
adj. sublime, Bs. i. 48.
a. looking upwards; fig. lofty, sublime.
adj. high-looking, looking upwards; metaph. sublime, Fms. i. 96, Sturl. ii. 15, Th. 21.
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m. pl. the inhabitants of the Norse county Hálogaland, Fms.; whence Háleyzkr, adj. from Hálogaland.
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adv. highly, Hom. 21, Ó. H. L. 7.
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adj. high, sublime.
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f. pl. the high branches, Stj. 534.
f. high-mass.
u, f. high-mass, Fms. ii. 37, vii. 144, 188.
f. loud talking.
f. loud talking, Fms, iii. 153.
n., fœra (bera) e-t í ~, to speak loud of.
n., in the phrase, komask í hámæli, to get out, of a rumour, Fms. iv. 80.
pp. loud-voiced.
part. loud-voiced, Sturl. i. 167.
a. high-nosed.
adj. high-nebbed, Fas. i. 73.
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m. high-neb, a nickname, Rd.
m. dais (in a hall).
m. the daïs in a hall, Fms. vi. 440.
f. pl. rowlocks.
f. pl. rowlocks; see above, under hár, a thole.
n. and f. noise, clamour.
f. a din, noise, Nj. 83, Fms. i. 34, Gþl. 16.
a. noisy, loud-voiced.
adj. loud speaking, Greg. 54.
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m. pl. the high halls, Eg. (in a verse).
n. top-sail.
n. the ‘high-sail,’ mainsail, Fas. ii. 494, Hkv. I. 29.
m. oarsman, opp. to stýrimaðr (helmsman).
a, m. a mate; see above, under hár, a thole.
pp. studded with large nails (beizl háseymt).
part. studded, of a bridle, Grett. 129, Stj. 564.
f. Achilles’ tendon.
f. [the há- answers to A. S. hôh, Engl. hough; cp. A. S. hohsin, Engl. hough sinew, O. H. G. hahsa or hasina, Bavar. hächsen, mid. H. G. hahse, Dan. hase, with a dropped n; see Grimm’s Gramm. iii. 405]:—a hough sinew or tendon, Hrafn. 20, Eb. 242, passim.
a. long-handled, long-shafted (háskept øx, spjót).
part. high-handled, of an axe, Eb. 186, Fbr. 14.
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a, m. a high school, (mod.)
m. high (important) place.
m. a high place, Fms. x. 417.
m. pl., in the phrase, gráta (œpa) hástöfum, to weep (shout) loudly.
m. pl., in the phrase, gráta, hljóða … hástöfum, to weep, cry aloud, Nj. 27, Stj. 421, Grett. 171 new Ed.
a. n. full of high boulders (var ~ í ánni).
n. adj. (= staksteinott), with rough boulders; var hásteint í ánni, Fms. ix. 404.
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a, m. = háfeti, Edda (Gl.)
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m. the ‘thole-beam,’ gunwale; see hár, a thole.
n. midsummer.
n. ‘high-summer,’ midsummer, Bs. 5. 32, Grett. 156 new Ed., Sks. 200.
n. high-seat, seat of honour (= öndvegi).
n. a ‘high-seat,’ Dan. höjsæde, throne, for a king or earl; the high-seat at a commoner’s table was called öndvegi, q. v., cp. Nj. 175—hvárki em ek konungr né jarl, ok þarf ekki at gera h. undir mér, ok þarf ekki at spotta mik, Eg. 43, Nj. 6, Fms. i. 7, iv. 108, vi. 439, ix. 254; in a ship, iv. 39.
a. loud-voiced.
part. = hámæltr, Bs. i. 819.
(að), v. to build high.
að, to build high, Vsp. 7, Gm. 16.
f. festival, feast (halda ~).
f. [Germ. hochzeit; Dan. höjtid], a ‘high-tide,’ a high day, festival, Bs. i. 38, passim, Nj. 157, Fms. xi. 425, K. Á. 164: proverb., hátíð er til heilla bezt, Ld. 176 (Fms. ii. 39): very freq. esp. in eccl. sense, Jóla-h., Páska-h., Hvítasunnu-h., fæðingar-h.; Í dag þá hátíð höldum vér, Hólabók.
m.
1) noise, tumult; kveða e-t upp, segja e-t, í hávaða, to proclaim loudly;
2) loud self-assertion;
3) = hávaða-maðr.
1. a, m. a noise, tumult, Bs. ii. 182, Fas. ii, 230; í hávaða, aloud, Rd. 252, Fms. i. 289, Sturl. ii. 246: the greatest number, main part of a thing, hann náði hávaðanum, he caught the main part; missa hávaðan af því, to lose the main part.
2. a, m. a roaring water, a rapid, i. e. something less than a cascade; móða féll með miklum hávaða, Fas. ii. 230; þá spennti fram í hávaðana, Safn i. 80.
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proncd. háværr, adj. loud, noisy.
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m. pl. highways; in the phrase, hafa e-n í hávegum, to make much of one.
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u, f. a sea-pheasant, phasianus marinus.
m. midwinter (þegar ~i var liðit).
n. ‘high-winter,’ mid-winter, Orkn. 110, Thom. 333, Hkr. ii. 47, Bs. ii. 22, 27.
n. midwinter (þegar ~ var liðit).
n. = hávetr, Fms. viii. 247 (v. l.), Fb. iii. 231, Stj. 78, Fas. iii. 371.
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f. noisy, making a noise.
f. prescriptive right (með réttri ok löglegri hefð).
f. [hafa, to take, = Lat. usu-capere], a law term, loss or gain of claim by lapse of time; hefð ok land, Bs. i. 689; hefð lands-laga, 720; með réttri ok löglegri hefð, 730, Rétt. 230, D. N. passim, H. E. i. 456, cp. Jb. s. v. tuttugu ár, pp. 142, 251, 351.
COMPDS: hefðarmaðr, hefðarvitni, hefðaskipti.
II. [hefja], reputation: hefðar-ligr, adj. (-liga, adv.), fine, grand: hefðar-maðr, m. an eminent man, Fms. iii. 134.
(að), v. to acquire a prescriptive right to (~ sér e-t).
að, to take, by way of usucaptio, D. N., Mar.
m. possessor, holder.
m. a claimant by possession, Bs. i. 731.
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n. a witness in a case of hefð, Gþl. 300.
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n. a change of hefð, D. N.
(pl. heflar), m. a noose fastened to the edge of a sail to help in furling it; láta siga (or hleypa segli) ór heflum, to unfurl the sail.
m. [from hefja, to heave; from this Norse word are no doubt derived the Engl. to haul and halyard, ‘hel’ or ‘hal’ being contracted from hefill], a naut. term, the clew-lines and bunt-lines of a sail; láta síðan síga ór heflum (to unfurl the sail), ok sækja eptir þeim, Fb. iii. 563; lét hann þá hleypa ór heflunum segli á skeiðinni, Ó. H. 182 (Fb. l. c. homlu wrongly); N. G. L. i. 199 distinguishes between hefill, sviptingr (reefs), hanki (blocks): hefil-skapt, n. a boat-hook to pull the sail down; þá þreif Ingimundr hefilskapt ok vildi kippa ofan, Bs. i. 422: hefla-skurðr, m. = heflan, q. v.; mínka skal sigling með hálsan ok heflaskurð, N. G. L. i. 282.
II. a plane, (mod., from Germ. hobel.)
(hef; hóf, hófum; hafiðr and hafinn), v.
1) to heave, raise, lift (~ stein);
hann hóf upp augu sin, he lifted up his eyes;
~ sik á lopt, to make a leap;
~ handa, to lift the hands (for defense);
~ höfuðs, to lift the head, be undaunted;
~ graut, to lift the porridge, eat it with a spoon;
2) to exalt, raise in rank;
~ e-n til ríkis, to raise one to the throne;
3) to begin;
~ mál sitt, to begin one’s speech;
~ ferð, to set out on a journey, to start;
~ flokk, to raise a party;
~ ákall, to raise a claim;
impers., hefr e-t = hefr upp e-t, it begins (hér hefr Kristnisögu);
refl., ~st, to begin, originate (hvaðan af hefir hafizt skáldrskarpr?);
4) impers. to be carried, drifted (by storm or tide);
höf skipin öll saman (all the ships were drifted) inn at landinu;
þeir létu ~ skipin ofan forstreymis, they let the ships drift down the stream;
5) with preps.:
~ e-t af e-u, to take it off;
impers., en er af henni hóf öngvit (acc.), when she recovered from her swoon;
þá hóf af mér vámur allar, all ailments left me;
refl., ~st af höndum e-m, to leave one;
~ á rás, to take to one’s feet (= hafa á rás); …
pret. hóf, pl. hófu; part. hafinn, but also hafiðr (weak); pres. indic. hef; pret. subj. hæfi, with neg. suff. hóf-at, Korm.; [Ulf. hafjan; A. S. hebban; Engl. heave, pret. hove; O. H. G. hafan; Germ. heben; Dan. hæve; Swed. häfva; cp. Lat. capere, in-cipere.]
A. To heave, lift, raise; hefja stein, to lift a stone, Eg. 142; ok munu nú ekki meira hefja fjórir menn, 140; (hón) hóf hann at lopti, hove him aloft, Ýt. 9; hefja e-n til himins, Edda 61 (in a verse); hóf hann sér af herðum hver, Hym. 36; þá er hefja af hvera (mod. taka ofan pott, to take the pot off), Gm. 42; hóf sér á höfuð upp hver Sifjar verr, Hým. 34; hón hófat augu af mér, she took not her eyes off me, Korm. 16; hann hóf upp augu sín, he lifted up his eyes, 623. 20; hefja sik á lopt, to make a leap, Nj. 144.
2. phrases, hefja handa, to lift the hands (for defence), Nj. 65, Ld. 262; h. höfuðs, to lift the head, stand upright, be undaunted; sá er nú hefir eigi höfuðs, Nj. 213: h. sinn munn í sundr, to open one’s mouth, Sturl. iii. 189: hefja graut, skyr, etc. …
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(að), v. to furl the sail.
að, to furl the sail by hauling in the bunts and clews; látum vér Hrapp nú í seglit, þat var heflat upp við rána, Nj. 135; þá lét hann h. ok beið liðs síns, Ó. H. 182; síðan var heflat á konungs-skipinu, ok var sagt á önnur skipin, at öll skyldu sigla jafn-framt, Fms. ix. 285; þá bað jarl hefla ok bíða þeirra er síðarr færi, Fb. ii. 563; þá hafði Erlingr heflat á skeið sinni, at eigi skyldi hón ganga hvatara en önnur skip, Fagrsk. 86, (heflið á skeiðinni, at hón gangi eigi undan öðrum skipum, v. l.)
II. to plane, (mod.)
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f. a hauling in the clews and bunts of a sail, N. G. L. i. 282, v. l.
(-da, -dr), v. to avenge, take vengeance;
with the thing and the person in gen.,
~ sára, to avenge the wounds,
~ bróður síns, to avenge one’s brother,
~ sín, to avenge oneself;
with dat. of the person,
~ e-m, to take vengeance on (skulu við ~ honum);
with the thing in gen. and the person in dat.;
áttu honum at ~ frændaláts, thou hast to avenge on him the death of a kinsman;
impers., e-m hefnir e-t, one pays (suffers) for a thing (svá hefndi honum þat mikla mikillæti);
with preps., ~ e-m fyrir e-t, ~ e-s a e-m, to avenge a thing on one;
refl., ~st, to avenge oneself (= ~ sín);
~st e-s, to avenge a thing;
~st á e-m, to avenge oneself on a person;
e-m hefnist e-t, one has to pay (suffer) for;
~st mun honum vist, the day of retribution will assuredly come to him.
d, also spelt hemna, N. G. L. i. 19, [Dan. hævne; Swed. hämna]:—to revenge, with dat. of the person and gen. of the thing, or ellipt. omitting either the gen. or the dat., or adding an adverb:
I. gener. to avenge, take vengeance; hefna Grími sinnar svívirðingar, Fms. ii. 172; vildi jarl nú gjarna h. Þorleifi þessar smánar, Fb. i. 213; á ek at h. honum mikillar sneypu, Fms. x. 341; sagði hvers honum var at hefna, Bret. 50; áttú honum at hefna frænda-láts, Fb. ii. 350; at hann mundi henni þess sárliga h., 381; eða hverr er hér sá ríkis-manna, er eigi muni honum eiga at h. stórsaka? Ó. H. 213; ek skal fara með þér ok skulu vit hefna honum, Eg. 189; því mæli ek eigi í móti, at þér farit við liði ok hefnit þeim, Fms. ix. 306; hón hefnir ok þeim er brigða, Edda 21.
β. with gen., þó skal ek þessa hefna, Nj. 19; Guð hefnir svá reiði sinnar, Sks. 338; goð hefna eigi alls þegar, Nj. 132: h. sín, to avenge oneself; sá maðr er á er unnit á at hefna sín, Grág. ii. 17; hefnit yðar eigi sjálfir, Rom. xii. 19; ok blóðs sinna þjóna hefir hann hefnt, Rev. xix. 2; þeir menn, er þeir áttu minna í at hefna, those men who had less to avenge, Eg. …
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f. revenge, vengeance.
f. revenge, vengeance; mun oss verða í því engi hefnd né frami, Nj. 38; mikil, lítil hefnd í e-m, Fas. i. 523; guðlig hefnd, divine vengeance, Nemesis, Fms. v. 224; drepa menn í hefnd eptir e-n, Ísl. ii. 118.
2. esp. in plur. blood revenge; leita hefnda, Ld. 260, passim; mann-hefndir, life for life revenge; bróður-hefndir, föður-hefndir, revenge for a brother’s or father’s slaughter.
COMPDS: hefndalaust, hefndardagr, hefndardómr, hefndargjöf, hefndarhönd, hefndarmaðr, hefndarorð.
m. day of vengeance.
m. a day of vengeance, Barl. 37.
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m. Nemesis, retribution, Greg. 24.
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f. a gift of revenge, ill-fated gift, donum Danaorum.
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f. a hand of retribution, Pass. 37. 13.
m. avenger.
m. an avenger, Bær. 3.
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and hefndar-yrði, n. pl., read hermdar-yrði, q. v.
adv. without retribution or revenge.
n. adj. without retribution, Fms. x. 33, Sturl. i. 153.
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m. an avenger, heir, son, Lex. Poët.
f. ‘way to vengeance’; róa á ~, to set about taking vengeance.
(hefnileit, Fær. 254, wrongly), f., in the phrase, róa á h. e-s, to set about taking revenge, to take vengeance, Sturl. iii. 118, 149, Fas. iii. 540, Fær. 254.
a. revengeful.
adj. revengeful, Hkr. ii. 96, Bs. i. 810.
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f. revengefulness, Hom.
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f., mythol. one of the northern Nereids, Edda.
adv. = hingat, higat.
vide hingat.
(að), v. to arrange (~ e-u).
að, [hagr]; hegða e-u, to arrange a thing (= haga e-u), Stj. 131, Mar.: hegða sér, to conduct oneself, Bs. i. (Laur.)
f. conduct, behaviour.
f. arrangement, H. E. i. 246: mod. usage eccl. conduct, freq.
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m. a flint; spelt hegeitel, Bs. i. 674, ii. 56, 134, Karl. 321, Barl. 181 (see note); hegettill, Flov. 41; the true form is prob. heggeitill, Ivar Aasen heggjeitel, which in Norway is used of nodules (eitill, q. v.) in stones; the word is still used in western Icel. (Ísafjarðar-sýsla).
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m. pl. the men of the county Hæggen in Norway, Fms.
(pl. -ir), m. bird cherry.
m. [Ivar Aasen hegg; Swed. hägg; Engl. hedge, Germ. hecken, from this tree being used for hedging], a kind of tree, the bird-cherry, Edda (Gloss.): freq. in old poetry, Lex. Poët.: whence Dan. hægge-bær, hægge-blomst, etc.
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u, f. [from hagr], fate, condition, Ód. 20, Rekst. 23, Merl. 2. 20, as also Orkn. 188, v. l., where the probable reading is emk hegju jarla trauðr at segja, I am unwilling to tell the earl’s fate.
(-di, -t), v. to hail.
ð, [hagl, cp. Dan. hegle], to hail, Art., Lex. Poët.
(-da, -dr), v.
1) to hedge, protect;
2) to punish, chastise (~ ránsmenn, úsiðu).
d, [A. S. hegjan; Engl. hedge; Germ. hegen; Dan. hegne]:—to hedge, fence, with acc.; allt þat aldin er menn hirða ok hegna með görðum eðr gæzlum, Jb. 429.
2. metaph. to protect; at hegna lönd sín, Fas. i. 376 (Skjöld. S.); allir menn eru skyldir við at hegna Kristni, N. G. L. i. 352; þá hegni þeir selver sín, sem menn hegna eignir sínar á land upp, með laga-kefli, 252;—in this sense the word is obsolete in Icel., but
3. is freq. in eccl. usage,
α. hegna líkam sinn frá munuðum, to keep one’s body from lusts, Hom. 85; h. oss (acc.) at syndum, to keep us from sin, 74.
β. to punish; hann hegndi harðliga allar lögleysur ok úsiðu, Magn. 472.
II. to chastise, with acc., but in mod. usage with dat.; hegna íllþýði ok ráns-menn, Fms. vii. 16, (but dat. v. l. of the Hrokkinskinna, a MS. of the 15th century); the dat. seems to be due to an ellipse, e. g. Haraldr Hárfagri fór á einu sumri vestr um haf at h. víkingum (for hegna land víkingum, to clear the land of vikings, pacify it), Orkn. 10.
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m. defence, Gþl. 56: chastisement, hegnaðar-hamarr, hammer of punishment, Mar. 200. hegnuðr, m. a chastiser, is the name of a staff borne in court, Vd. ch. 44.
m. chastiser.
a, m. an avenger, Fms. v. 241.
f. punishment, chastisement.
f. castigation, punishment, Stj. 40, 67, Bs. i. 288.
f. punishment, chastisement.
f. = hegnd, K. Á. 46, Valla L. 209, Fms. iii. 89, v. 320. hegningar-vöndr, m. a rod of chastisement, Stj. 653.
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m. a defender, chastiser, Lex. Poët.
m. heron.
a, m. [A. S. higora; Germ. heher; Dan. hejre; Swed. hägar], a heron or hern, Lat. ardea, Edda (Gl.), Hm., Fms. ix. 9: in local names, Hegra-nes, Landn.; Hegranes-þing, Fms. x. 113.
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exclam. ey! Sturl. iii. 188.
n. bright (clear) sly (veðr var bjart ok skein sól í heiði).
1. n. brightness of the sky; heið ok sólskin, Ó. H. 108, Bs. i. 339; sólina, ef í heiði mætti sjá, K. Þ. K. 96: in plur., frost fylgði mikit veðrinu, ok vóru stundum heið í himininn upp, the gale was followed by sharp frost, and now and then there were bright spots up in the sky, Bjarn. 54; veðr var bjart ok skein sól í heiði, Fms. v. 77; tunglið þá það skín í heiði, Rb. 108; sem þá er roðar fyrir upprennandi sólu í hinu fegrsta heiði, Karl. 111, v. l.; sem röðull renni upp í heiði, Arnór: in poetry the heaven is called heiðs há-rann, the high hall of brightness, Lex. Poët.
2. f. a fee, stipend, payment, an obsolete word only found in poets; the phrase, haptsœnis heið, the atoning fee of the gods = poetry, a song, in a verse of Kormak, seems to refer to the tale in Edda 47 (Skáldskapar-mál, ch. 3); whence heið-fé, n. a fee, stipend, Edda (Gl.): heið-frömuðr, m. an epithet of a king: heið-gjöf, f. a gift of fee: heið-launaðr, part. paid, granted in fee, N. G. L. i. 91: heið-maðr, m. a king’s man, who holds land in fee from the king: …
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dd, to brighten, dispel the clouds, Skáld-H. R. 3. 1.
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u, f. the name of a Saga, Eb., cp. Sturl. i. 122: freq. in local names,
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u, f. and heiðar-brún, f. the brink or edge of a heath, Hrafn. 28, Fbr. 39, Sturl. i. 33, 84.
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n, f. a heath-hen, moor-fowl, Orkn. (in a verse).
m. road across a heath.
m. a road through a heath, Bs. i. 318.
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n. a fight on the Heath, Ísl. ii. 259, Landn. i. 70; whence
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Fms. xii.
(pl. -jar), m.
1) heathen, gentile;
2) wolf (poet.).
a, m. [heiðinn], a heathen, gentile, Ó. H., Nj., Bs. (Kristni S.) passim.
II. poët. a wolf, either metaph. from heiðingi, or from heiðr, a heath, one who lives on heaths and wildernesses, Edda (Gl.), Akv. 8; it occurs besides twice or thrice in poems of the time of king Harald Harðráði, 11th century.
a. heathen.
adj. heathen, Fms. i. 137, passim.
a. heathen, pagan; heiðnir menn, heathens.
adj. [A. S. hæðen; Engl. heathen; O. H. G. heidan; Germ. heide and heidnisch; Dan. hedensk; this word is prob. derived not from heiðr, a heath, but from Gr. ἐθνικός as used in the N. T.; Ulf. in a single passage, Mark vii. 26, renders γυνὴ Έλληνίς by qino haiþno; it is even possible that the eccl. paganus, which, according to Du Cange, only appears after A. D. 365, may be merely a translation of the Teutonic word under the notion that haiþan was derived from haiþi = a heath, open country (Gr. ἀγρός, Lat. pagus): then, as haiþi was pronounced much like ἔθνος, the true etymology of heiðinn was lost; and so the long vowel and the aspirated initial may be accounted for. To the worshippers of Thor and Odin the name heathen was unknown; Christians were the first that used the word, and we meet with it first in Hkm. of Eyvind, who speaks of heiðin goð, heathen gods; heiðinn stallr, a heathen altar, Kristni S., by the missionary Þorvald, A. D. 982; it is also used by Hallfred and Sighvat; heiðinn dómr, heathendom, Sighvat; heiðnar stjörnur, heathen stars, Sól. …
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m. heathendom.
m. heathendom, Hkr. ii. 65, freq. in mod. usage, but originally in two words.
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m., poët. a hawk, Edda (Gl.)
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að, dep. to become heathen, Fms. x. 313.
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adj. heathen, H. E. ii. 91 (rare).
II. from Heiðmörk, f. a county in Norway, D. N.
f.
1) heathenism;
2) heathen. country (= heiðit land);
3) the heathen age, the time of heathendom.
f. heathendom, Fms. i. 47, passim: heathen worship, heathen practice, fremja h., N. G. L. i. 182; en síðar fám vetrum vas sú heiðni af numin sem önnur, Íb. 12, Nj. 160: the heathen age, Friðrekr kom í heiðni hér, Íb. 13: a heathen country, Fb. i. 343.
I)
a. bright, clear, cloudless; ~ himinn, clear sky; heiðar stjörnur, bright stars.
II)
(gen. heiðar, dat. and acc. heiðir; pl. heiðar), f. heath, moor.
III)
(gen. ~s), m. honour.
IV)
(gen. -ar), m. honour, worth.
m., gen. heiðrs, [akin to heið, f. above, q. v.; Dan. hæder; Swed. häder]:—honour; it does not occur in very old or class. writers; til heiðrs ok sæmdar, Stj. 95; stórr heiðr, Fs. (Vd.) 21; heiðr ok tign, Fb. i. 564; h. ok hamingja, 566; Guðs heiðr, Fms. vii. 172 (v. l. of the Hrokkinskinna), Mar. passim: freq. in mod. usage, halda í heiðri, to honour, etc.
COMPDS: heiðrsmaðr, heiðrsamligr, heiðrsvel.
I)
a. bright, clear, cloudless; ~ himinn, clear sky; heiðar stjörnur, bright stars.
II)
(gen. heiðar, dat. and acc. heiðir; pl. heiðar), f. heath, moor.
III)
(gen. ~s), m. honour.
IV)
(gen. -ar), m. honour, worth.
1. adj. [vide heið, n.; Germ. heiter], bright, cloudless, only of the sky, in the allit. phrase, heiðr himin, a clear sky, Hbl. 19, Stj. 305, Eb. 48 new Ed., Fms. v. 81: in poetry, heiðar stjörnur, bright stars, Vsp. 57; heiðr dagr, a bright day, Skv. 3. 53.
2. f., dat. and acc. heiði, pl. heiðar; mod. nom. heiði, vide Gramm. p. xxvii, col. 2, and p. xxviii; [Ulf. haiþi = ἀγρός, Matth. vi. 28, 30, Luke xv. 15, xvii. 7, 31; and haiþivisks = ἄγριος; A. S. hæð; Engl. heath; O. H. G. haida; Germ. heide; Dan. hede; Swed. hed]:—a heath; in Icel. particularly heiðr (or heiði) is chiefly used of a low barren heath or fell; thus in local names heiðr is a common name for the barren tracts of fell between the foot of one fjord or dale and another, see the map of Icel. passim, Nj. 158, Eg. 137, 275, Grág. i. 440.
COMPDS: heiðarbrekka, heiðarhæna, heiðarvegr, Heiðarvíg, Heiðarvígasaga, Heiðabær.
II. a pr. name of a sybil, Vsp., as also freq. in compd names of women, usually dropping the h, Ragn-eiðr, Baug-eiðr: Heið-rekr, m. …
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(að), v. to honour.
að, to honour, Bs. i. (Laur. S.); freq. in mod. usage, heiðra skaltú föður þinn og móður, the Fifth Commandment.
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f. worship, honouring, H. E. i. 477.
m. man of honour.
m. a man of honour, Bs. i. 823.
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adv. honourably, Stj. 26.
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adj. (-liga, adv.), honourable, befitting, Stj., Mar., H. E. passim, Fs. 5.
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adj. (-liga, adv.), worshipful, Stj.
adj. (-liga, adv.), = heiðrligr, Stj. passim.
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u, f. brightness of the sky.
a. serene (veðr heiðbjart).
adj. serene, Lex. Poët., freq. in mod. usage.
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adj. yellow, jaundiced, (mod.)
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u, f. brightness of the sky.
a. cloudless, serene.
adj. bright, serene, of the sky; h. veðr, Ísl. ii. 409, Gísl. 33.
a. bright, cloudless (heiðskírt veðr).
adj. bright, cloudless, of the sky, = heiðríkr; h. veðr, Stj. 17; h. himinn, Art.; í heiðskíru, in bright weather, Bret. 46.
a. accustomed to the clear sky.
adj. epithet of a tree, shady (?), Vsp.
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ð, [heið, f.], to honour, Hom. 160: this and the following three words are derived from heið, f., q. v.
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(heið-virði), n. honour; dýrð ok h., Hom. 157, 160.
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(mod. heið-virðiliga), adv. respectfully, Hom. 150.
n. bright weather.
n. bright weather, Nj. 143, Fms. iv. 246, ix. 482, xi. 132.
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and heið-virðr, adj. honourable, worthy.
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m., poët. the sky, Edda (Gl.)
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m. a kind of onion growing on the thatches of houses, Norse taklög, Björn.
II. metaph. a laggard. heiguls-ligr, adj., heiguls-skapr, m.
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n. ‘hook-nose’ (?), a nickname, Fms., Fb, iii.
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að, to make whole; h. e-m skaða sinn, to make good one’s scathe, N. G. L. i. 387.
(acc. helgan (heilagan), pl. helgir (heilagir), &c.), a.
1) holy;
2) inviolable, sacred.
adj., usually contracted before a vowel, whereby the root vowel becomes short, thus helgan, helgir, helgum, helgar, and the definite helgi, helga; but also uncontractcd, esp. in mod. usage, heilagir, heilagan, heilögum, definite heilagi; [Ulf. seems not to have known the word, and renders αγιος etc. by veihs; so also in Dan. and Swed. local names, holy places and temples are marked by a prefixed or suffixed vi-, e. g. Vi-borg, Odens-e (= Óðins-vé): heilagr is derived in a metaph. sense from heill, whole, and is consequently not so old as the primitive vé, veihs; so A. S. hâlag; Engl. holy; Hel. hêlag; Germ. heilig; Dan. hellig; Swed. helig]:
I. holy in heathen usage, helgar kindir, holy beings, Vsp. I; hár baðmr heilagr, 19, v. l.; heilög goð, holy gods; ginnheilög goð, Vsp.; heilakt land, Gm. 4; heilög (grind) fyrir helgum dyrum, 22; heilög vötn, 29, Hkv. 2. 1; heilög fjöll (hélug?), Fm. 26; helgu fulli, the holy toast of Odin, i. e. song, poetry, Edda (in a verse); af helgu skutli, from the holy table, Haustl. 4; þat vatn er svá heilakt, at …, Edda 11; …
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m. holiness.
m. holiness, Fms. x. 319, xi. 207, Bs. passim.
adv. holy.
adv. holily, inviolably, 623. 53, Magn. 480, passim.
a. holy.
adj. ‘holy-like,’ holy, Bs. i. passim, Hkr. ii. 338.
f. healing.
f. healing, Fms. v. 217.
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n. beating the brain, (mod.)
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n. the cerebellum, (mod.)
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n. pl., medic. the brain membrane; fyrir framan ok aptan h., denoting the forehead and occiput, N. G. L. i. 172; þá er maðr heilundi er kora (a probe) kennir inn til heilabasta, Grág. ii. 91.
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n. pl. = heilabrot.
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f. wholeness, totality, (mod.)
m. brain, = hjarni.
a, m. the brain, Gm. 40, Edda 6, Hkr. i. 42, Grág. it. 11, Nj. 114, Fbr. 137, passim.
COMPDS: heilabrot, heilabú, heilaböst, heilaköst.
n. good health.
n. health, Hm. 67 (heilyndi), Hom. 149, 160, K. Þ. K., Grág. i. 278, ii. 134.
COMPDS: heilindisfar, heilindiskveðja.
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n. state of health, Mar. 125.
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u, f. a wishing one health, Stj. 482, Karl. 93, v. 1.; van-heilindi, bad health, illness.
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adj. wholesome; vötn hrein ok heilend, Stj. 609; værir þú heilendr sem Moyses, Eluc. 49.
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m. healing liquor, balm, Trist.
I)
a.
1) hale, sound; illa ~, in ill health; hann sagði at þar var vel heilt, he said they were all well there; kona eigi heil, enceinte; grœða e-n at heilu, to heal one fully;
2) whole, healed, in respect of wounds or illness, with gen. (verða ~ sára sinna); er um heilt bezt at binda, it is better to bind a hale than a hurt limb;
3) blessed, happy; njótið heilir handa, ‘bless your hands’, well done; kom ~! welcome, hail! far ~, farewell!
4) whole, entire; ~ hleifr, a whole loaf; sjau hundruð heil, full seven hundred;
5) true, upright; ráða e-m heilt, to give one a wholesome (good) advice; af heilum hug, af heilu, sincerely; heilt ráð, wholesome advice; heil kenning, a useful, profitable lesson.
II)
n. and f. luck, omen, foreboding; góðu (illu) ~i, in a good (evil) hour; mörg eru giptusamlig ~, there are many good auspices; fall er farar ~, a fall is a good omen; hann bað þeim ~ duga, he wished them good speed; ~um horfinn, forsaken by luck; ok var brugðit ~um sverðsins, the spell of the sword was broken. …
1. n. and f. [Dan. held], good luck; the gender of this word varies.
A. Neut., which seems to be the older gender, an omen, auspice, foreboding; hver’ro bözt heill (pl.), which are the best auspices? the answer, mörg eru góð heill, there are many good auspices, Skv. 2. 19, 20, cp. 22; giptusamlegt heill, a favourable omen, Al. 13; the neut., which is obsolete elsewhere, has remained in the phrases, góðu heilli (bono augurio), íllu heilli (malo augurio), in a good, evil hour; íllu heilli bauð ek þér barnfóstr, Ísl. ii. 141; íllu heilli vartú skapað, Hom. 153; íllu heilli höfu vér hér dvalizt, Nj. 241; fórtú fá heilli heiman, with small luck, Ó. H. 107; verstu heilli, Heir. 4; góðu heilli, in a good hour, Fms. ix. 236, x. 18 (in a verse): talismans, of hidden magical runes written on ‘gumna heillum’ (on talismans?), Sdm. 16.
B. Fem. good luck, happiness:
1. plur., with the notion of being the gift of auspices or of an oracle, esp. in pl., so that the gender is dubious; fékk Ingólfr at blóti miklu ok leitaði sér heilla um forlög sín, Landn. …
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(að), v. to enchant, spell-bind, bewitch; heilluð ertu (thou art infatuated), ef þú ætlar, etc.
að, [heill, f.; cp. Dan. hilde = to allure], to bewitch, enchant, spell-bind one; Ketill kvað þær heillaðar, Fms. vi. 110; síðr þik (?) um heilli halir, Hm. 130; ok muntú vera heilluð af úvætti þessum, Fas. iii. 177; heilluð ertu (thou art infatuated) ef þú ætlar minn hug grimman við þik, i. 194; sprota er hann heillar með augu þeirra manna er hann vill, Od. v. 47.
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n. pl. a turn of luck, Fs. 151.
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adj. fortunate, Grett. 150.
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adj. luckless.
n. ill-luck.
n. ill luck, Nj. 206.
m. lucky man.
m. a lucky man.
n. good advice, wholesome counsel.
n. good advice or a lucky deed, Sks. 670, Fms. ii. 208.
a. hopeful, promising.
adj. (-liga, adv.), hopeful, promising, Grett. 93 A.
a. boding good luck, promising well.
adj. promising, Fms. xi. 235: mann-heill, orð-heill, q. v.
m.
1) health;
2) sincerity, uprightness.
(-leiki), m. health, Fms. ii. 230: uprightness, Fas. iii. 160, Karl. 213.
adv. fairly, candidly.
adv. fairly, candidly, Sturl. ii. 67, Bs. i. 736.
a. fair.
adj. looking hale, whole.
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f., qs. heið-ló, [heidelo, Ivar Aasen], a sandpiper.
I)
(að), v. to say hail to one, greet one (= biðja e-n heilan vera), with dat.;
~ á e-n = ~ e-m.
II)
f.
1) health;
2) restoration to health (hann var feginn heilsu sinni);
3) salvation.
1. u, f. [Dan. helsen; Swed. helsa], health, Fms. vii. 241, x. 215, Sks. 620. Al. 24, Hom. 10, Bs. i. 337; sterk, góð h., strong, good health; veyk, lin, tæp h., poor, weak health, passim.
COMPDS: heilsubót, heilsubragð, heilsudrykkr, heilsufar, heilsugjafari, heilsugjöf, heilsugóðr, heilsugæði, heilsulauss, heilsuleysi, heilsulinr, heilsulítill, heilsuorð, heilsuráð, heilsusamligr, heilsusamr, heilsusterkr, heilsutapan, heilsutæpr, heilsuveiki, heilsuveykr.
2. að, [Dan. hilse], to say hail to one, greet one, with dat.; it was an ancient custom for the host to welcome (heilsa) the stranger, as may be seen from the following references:—Osvífr (the guest) kvaddi út Höskuld ok Rút (the master of the house), þeir gengu út báðir ok heilsuðu Osvífi, Nj. 21; hann (the master) gengr út ok heilsar Gísla (dat. the stranger), Gísl. 83; kona ein gékk til hurðar ok heilsar þeim ok spyrr þá at nafni, Fbr. 44 new Ed.; Þorsteinn gékk þegar til búðar Þorkels, en hann (Thorkel) heilsar honum vel ok spyrr hvat hann árnar, Lv. 33; Ólafr gengr inn á gólfit … en enginn heilsar honum ok þögðu allir, Háv. 39; in case the host was a great personage (a king, earl, or the like), the stranger used in token of honour or homage to walk up to him and greet him, ‘sit hail!’ ok er hann kom inn, heilsaði hann konungi, konungr tók kveðju hans, Eg. …
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f. salutation, greeting.
f. [Dan. hilsen], greeting, salutation, Fb. iii. 309, Fbr. 62, Hkr. iii. 79, Bs. i. 755.
COMPDS: heilsanarkveðja, heilsanarorð.
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u, f. greeting, Stj. 482.
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n. id., Bs. i. 707.
f. improvement of health, recovery.
f. health-bettering, healing, Hkr. ii. 386; til heilsubótar, Magn. 414, Bs.
n. cure.
n. a cure, ek skal sýna þér öruggt h., Fb. i. 439.
m. healing draught.
m. a potion, draught, Al. 24, 656 B. 12.
n. state of health.
n. state of health, Grett. 153.
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a, m. a healer, eccl.
f. cure, restoration to health.
f. a ‘gift of health,’ cure, Fas. iii. 277, Magn. 532: eccl. salvation, Stj. 141.
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adj. in good health.
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n. strong health.
a. in bad health.
adj. ‘health-less,’ in bad health.
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n. bad health. Mar.
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adj. = heilsulítill.
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adj. in weak health, Sturl. iii. 34.
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n. a word of salvation, (MS.) 656 and 555
n. means to recover one’s health.
n. counsel whereby to recover health, Fms. ii. 229.
a. wholesome, salutary.
adj. (-liga, adv.), wholesome, salutary, Bs.
a. wholesome, salutary.
adj. wholesome, Sks. 96.
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adj. strong in health.
f. perdition.
f. perdition, eccl., K. Á. 76.
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adj. in poor health.
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f. weak health.
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adj. having weak health.
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a, m. one with a brain wound, Grág. ii. 91.
f. health.
f. [bragð], health, freq. in mod. usage.
a. hale, healthy.
adj. hale, healthy, Fas. iii. 319, 644, freq. in mod. usage.
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adj. ‘hale-breasted,’ sincere, Fas. i. 23.
a. ‘hale-eyed’, having sound eyes.
adj. ‘hale-eyed,’ Nj. 165, Grág. 1. 433, Fms. v. 143, Bs. i. 376.
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adj. ‘hale-legged,’ sound, Grett. 83.
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adj. ‘hale-hearted,’ sincere, Sks. 90, v. 1.
a. ‘whole-minded’, sincere.
adj. ‘hale-minded,’ sincere, Sks. 90, Fagrsk. 14.
m. sincere person.
a, m. sincerity; heilhuga ráð, Fms. vii. 319; heilhuga friðr, Orkn.
2. a. sincere person; þetta líkaði Magnúsi jarli sem fullkomnum heilhuga, Orkn. 162; þvíat hann er heilhugi, Fms. v. 32; nú skal af slíku marka hversu mikill h. hann var, Sks. 730.
adv. sincerely.
adv. sincerely, Barl. 10, Str. 87.
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adj. considerably great.
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f. wholesomeness.
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adj. (-liga, adv.), wholesome, Hkr. i. 269.
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adj. wholesome, Fas. i. 411.
a. giving wholesome counsel; taking wholesome counsel.
adj. giving wholesome counsel, Nj. 30, Fms. ix. 262, Grett. 110.
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adj. = heilráðr, Hom. 109.
n. wise (wholesome) counsel.
n. wholesome, wise counsel; ráð þú mér h. nokkur, segir Gunnarr, Nj. 85 (Gunnar to Njal); Gunnarr mælti til Njáls, heilræði em ek kominn at sækja at þér um eitt vanda-mál,—Makligr ertú þeirra, segir Njáll, ok réð honum ráðin, 71, Landn. 117, Sks. 548, Fb. ii. 52.
a. wholesome, salutary.
adj. wholesome, salutary, Stj. 69, K. Á. 20, Fms. i. 141.
a. wholesome, salutary.
adj. salutary, Sks. 96, Skálda 210.
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adv. uprightly, Bs. i. 522.
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and heil-spenuð, f. adj. ‘hale-teated,’ of a cow, Gþl. 503.
f. brain wound.
f. a law term, a brain wound, Grág. ii. 11, passim. heilundar-sár, n. = heilund, Nj. 217.
a. indecl. ‘hale-witted’, of sound mind, sane.
adj. indecl. ‘hale-witted,’ sane, Greg. 45, Bs. i. 755, N. G. L. i. 145.
adv. home, homewards; sœkja e-n ~, to visit one; to attack one.
adv. (prop. an acc. of heimr), home, homewards, Lat. domum, Nj. 4, 11, Fms. i. 51, Hrafn. 20; fara heim, to return home, Bs. i. 337; síðan fóru þau heim á leið, id.; en er hón var komin náliga heim, 341, and in endless phrases.
2. in phrases as, bjóða e-m heim, to bid one to a feast, heimboð; sækja e-n heim, to visit, attack one, in a hostile sense, passim: bæta heim fyrir sér, to make for one’s soul’s weal, Fms. iv. 63.
I)
n. home (ganga til sins ~); at ~ mínu, at my house; eiga ~, to have one’s home, to live (Hallfreðr átti ~ at Haukagili).
II)
adv. at home, at, or in, one’s own house (halr er ~ hverr); sitja ~, to remain at home.
d and að, to take one in, in the allit. phrase, hýsa ok heima e-n, ef maðr hýsir ok heimir útlagan mann, Gþl. 144; hafa hýst þá ok heimat, N. G. L. i. 123, (rare.)
I)
n. home (ganga til sins ~); at ~ mínu, at my house; eiga ~, to have one’s home, to live (Hallfreðr átti ~ at Haukagili).
II)
adv. at home, at, or in, one’s own house (halr er ~ hverr); sitja ~, to remain at home.
adv.
I. neut. [Engl. home; Germ. heimath; Dan. hjem and hjemme]:—home, = heimili; en er kaupmenn drifu af skipi hverr til síns heima, Fms. vi. 109; skulu hvárigir öðrum þar íllt gera at heima mínu, Nj. 256; urðu þeir at ganga langa leið til síns heima, Bs. i. 47, Korm. 222, Stj. 393; til þíns heima, 484; ef eigi kemr tröll milli húss ok heima, Fms. viii. 41.
2. the phrase, eiga heima, to have a home, live; Hallfreðr átti heima at Haukagili, Fms. ii. 9; þeim megin árinnar sem hann átti h., Bs. i, Hkv. 2. 4, and passim.
II. at home; var Rútr h. at Rútsstöðum til sex vikna, Nj. 10; heima hafðir þú vit þitt, er þú sagðir mér til, Hrafn. 8; fátt var manna heima, Landn. 152; heima glaðr, cheerful, gladsome at home, Hm. 102; h. í görðum goða, Vþm. 2, passim: sayings, dælt er h. hvat, Hm. 5; halr er h. hverr, 35.
β. phrases, standa h., to square, be all right, of a measure or the like: the phrase, sitja heima sem mær til kosta (heima-sæta), to stay at home as a maid, Sams. S.; þat þykkjumk ek vita, at eigi munum vit allan aldr okkar úgiptar heima sitja, Sturl. …
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adv. from home; in some phrases the reference is to the marriage and dowry of women.
adv. from home, Hbl. 2, Nj. 11, 142, passim; cp. héðan, handan, þaðan.
β. in the phrase, henni fylgdi heiman Breiðabólstaðr, the estate B. went with her from home, i. e. was her dowry, Landn. 61, 177; gefa heiman, to give from home, i. e. give in marriage, D. N. i. 723; göra heiman, to endow; ek görða þik heiman í þá ferð sem dóttur mína, Fms. vii. 121, Band. 31 new Ed., passim.
m. preparation for a journey from home.
m. preparation for a journey from home, Stj. 366.
f. journey (voyage) from home.
(heiman-för), f. a going from home, Nj. 195, Eg. 10, Jb. 388: = heimanfylgja, Stj. 175, N. G. L. i. 233.
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f. = heimanfylgja, N. G. L. i. 233.
f. the dowry which the bride takes with her from home.
u, f. the dowry which a bride brings with her from home, opp. to mundr, Grág. i. 174. 313, Nj. 11, Sturl. iii. 179, Korm. 134, Stj. 570, N. G. L. i. 232, Gísl. 16, Ísl. ii. 9, 378, passim.
2. metaph. of a son, Dipl. iv. 5; but mostly of a church, cp. Engl. endowment, the church being regarded as the bride of Christ; h. kirkjunnar, Bs. i. 287, K. Á. 24. ☞ Fylgja is here prop. akin and another form of the word fúlga, q. v., and heiman-fylgja, qs. heiman-fúlga.
f. = heimanferð.
f. = heimanferð, Grág. i. 147, Eg. 23.
a. strolling from home.
adj. strolling from home, Fas. i. 525.
a. n., in the phrase, eiga lítt ~, to have no time or opportunity to leave home.
n. adj. in the phrase, eiga ekki h., to be bound to stay at home.
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f. = heimanfylgja, Jb. 118.
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f. an endowing, endowment, Grág. i. 336, D. N. passim.
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f. a summoning of neighbours, Grág. i. 130.
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part. home-bred.
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m. one home-fed.
n. homestead, manor.
n. a homestead, mansion, Fms. ii. 90.
m. franklin or yeoman in a heimaból.
a, m. a franklin or yeoman in a heimaból, H. E. ii. 114.
m. home-well.
m. a home well, Glúm. 390, Sturl. i. 191.
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m. the home-buildings, homestead, opp. to outlying storehouses and byres, Ann. 1319.
f. pl. entrance to a dwelling-house.
n. pl. the ‘home-doors,’ the entrance to dwelling-bouses, Fær. 264, Grett. 121 A, Fs. 42 (= mod. bæjardyr).
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n. domestic animals, Barl.
a. fond of staying at home.
adj. ‘home-loving,’ a laggard, afraid to go out in the world, Fs. 4.
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adj. having a fixed home, H. E. ii. 85.
n. home folk, household.
n. home folk, Fms. ii. 160, Grett. 140.
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m. home-peace, Js. 95.
m. a bull kept at home.
m. (heima-naut, n.), a bull kept at home, Vápn. 46, Sturl. i. 78.
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m. home-pastures.
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m. a ‘home-horse,’ stallion, opp. to úti gangs-hestr, a working horse, Hm. 82.
n. dwelling-houses.
n. pl. dwelling-houses, opp. to out-buildings, Fær. 264.
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f. = heimaból, Pm. 53.
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part., in the phrase, göra sik h., to make oneself as at home.
f. house-maid.
u, f. = griðkona, a house-maid, Sturl. i. 73, iii. 193, Njarð. 370: medic. erysipelas, cp. farkonu-sótt.
n. home estate.
n. home-land, the home estate, Fms. ii. 90, Bs. i. 287, 841, D. I. i. 240, Vm. passim; an estate on which a church is built.
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n. = heimafólk, Sturl. i. 196.
m. one of the household, a servant (= griðmaðr).
m. = griðmaðr, a ‘home-man,’ dweller, servant, Eg. 52, 60, 165, Sturl. i. 72, Nj. 11, Stj. 482, Vm. 23.
m. resident priest, parson.
m. a resident priest, the parson, Fms. iv. 265, Bs. i. 652, Jm. 24.
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adj. tyrannical at home, Bjarn. (in a verse),
f. sitting at home.
u, f. sitting at home, Grág. i. 41.
f. = heimafólk.
f. = heimafólk, Sturl. ii. 53.
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u, f. a maid ‘sitting at home,’ unmarried.
f. the hay from the home-field.
u, f. the hay from the home-field, Finnb. 340.
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f. ‘home-tithe,’ i. e. the tithe of the estate on which a church is built, to be paid to the lay landlord, Vm. 19, Am. 90, D. N.
f. staying at home.
f. staying at home, Bs. i.
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n. ‘home-leave,’ leave to go home, Eg. 31, Fms. viii. 395, Orkn. 284.
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n. a law term, a meeting to settle terms in case of distress for payment of debt; cp. the mod. phrase, undir atför at lögum, D. N. v. 424 (Fr.)
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m. the day for returning home, Magn. 512.
n. = heimleyfi.
n. ‘home-leave,’ Fms. ix. 318.
(að), v. to give a title or right to a thing (~ði jarl þeim þat er þurfti at hafa).
d and að, to give a title to a thing; þá hefir maðr heimild til ef maðr heimilar honum er forráð á aura sinna, Grág. ii. 191; hvárt sá maðr heimildi honum landit eðr eigi, 209; ef maðr selr manni eðr gefr þat er hann veit at þjófstolit er, ok villir hann heimild at, þó at hann vissi eigi þá er honum var heimildr, ok varðar skóggang, 190; hvar sem þeir kæmi við, heimilaði jarl þeim þat er þyrfti at hafa, Nj. 122; ábúð heimilar tekju, en landskyld heimilar lóð, N. G. L., Gþl. 329.
f. title, right.
(heimold, Stj. 134), f. [Dan. hjemmel = authority; undoubtedly derived from Goth. haimoþli, by which Ulf. renders ἀγρός, Mark x. 29, 30, and thus nearly akin to heimili and heimoll; in Icel. only used in law phrases]:—a title, right, jus possessionis; hann seldi síðan þann sama graptar-reit ok heimoldir, Stj. 134; stefna til heimildar, to summon one for h., Grág. ii. 205; villa heimild at e-u, to give out a false account of one’s title to a thing, of stolen things, 190; nú ferr maðr á jörð manns ok tekr eigi heimild af þeim er á, N. G. L. i. 39; þau ríki er konungr hafði þá heimildum á tekit, to which the king had got the title, Fms. x. 45; heimild skal hverr maðr taka af sínum dróttni verka-sveins síns, Anal. 278; en veit ek at hann hefir eigi réttar heimildir á skóginum, Eb. 170.
COMPDS: heimildarkviðr, heimildarmaðr, heimildartak, heimildartaka, heimildartaki, heimildarváttr, heimildavandr.
II. in mod. usage gener. authority; það er engin heimild fyrir því, there is no authority for it. heimildar-laust, n. adj. without authority.
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m. a verdict of neighbours as to right of possession, Grág.
m. a man from whom a title is derived.
m. a man from whom a title is derived, Grág. ii. 205, Gpl. 537.
n. taking proper possession or title (~ á skóginum).
n. a taking possession, title; honum þótti eigi at lögum hafa farit heimildartak á skóginum, i. e. he thought it was a bad, unlawful bargain, Eb. 178, N. G. L. i. 324.
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u, f. id., Gþl. 493, 537.
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a, m. = heimildarmaðr, N. G. L. i. 324, Jb. 356.
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m. a witness in case of disputed title, Grág. ii. 319.
a. fastidious in regard to title.
adj. fastidious in regard to title, Sturl. ii. 146.
n. house, home, homestead (eiga ~ e-s staðar).
n.; for an older form heimi see the compds with heimis-; [originally a compd from heima, home, and óðal, heimiðli, as seen from Ulf. haimoþli = ἀγρός, Mark x. 29, 30]:—a house, homestead, domicile, Eg. 535, Fms. vi. 358, xi. 18, Grág. i. 99, 146, Hkr. i. 184, Nj., passim in old and mod. usage.
COMPDS: heimilisbragr, heimilisbúi, heimilisfang, heimilisfastr, heimilisfólk, heimilishús, heimiliskviðr, heimiliskviðarvitni, heimilismaðr, heimilisnjóli, heimilisprestr, heimilissök, heimilistíðir, heimilisvist.
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n. the evidence of h., N. G. L. i. 140, 160, 316.
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m. home-life.
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a, m. a law term, a homestead neighbour summoned from the same house, Grág. i. 26, 191.
n. domicile.
n. a law term, a domicile, Grág. i. 19, 146, 147, Nj.
a. having a fixed homestead.
adj. having a fixed homestead, Grág. i. 52, ii. 45, Vm. 97, D. I. i. 277, 303.
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n. folk of the same homestead.
n.
1) closet;
2) privy.
n. a closet, Stj. 151, 199, Am. 37: a privy, Fb. i. 416, ii. 87, Fs. 183.
m. home-verdict.
m. a verdict given by heimilisbúar; also called heimiskviðr, q. v.:
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m. an inmate, Grág. i. 145, Fas. i. 380.
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a, m., a botan. term, rumex acutus, Hjalt.
m. chaplain.
m. a chaplain, Vm. 15, D. I. passim.
f. a charge that can be brought home to one.
f. a law phrase, a ‘home-charge,’ a charge that can be brought home to one, Valla L. 226.
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f. pl. home-service, Am. 37.
f. permanent habitation; vera ~um með e-m, to reside with one.
f. a domicile, Hkr. iii. 364, Stj. 94.
a., e-m er e-t heimilt, one has a right to, is free to have a thing; ~ er maðr þeim, er hafa þurfu, the food is free to those who need it; kvað honum heimilan sinn styrk, his help should be at his disposal; segir, at þat var skylt ok heimilt, due and just; eiga heimilt (at gera e-t), eiga e-t heimilt, to have a right (to do a thing), to have at one’s disposal; láta e-m e-t heimilt, to give one a right to, to place at one’s disposal (lét Þ. honum heimilan hest sinn).
vide heimoll.
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a, m. = heimilisbúi, Grág. i. 191.
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m. pl. ‘home-yards,’ a homestead, Hm. 8.
m. ‘homestead-cairn’.
m. a ‘home-how,’ Hbl. 45 (Bugge’s Emend.); vide haugr.
m. = heimiliskviðr.
m. = heimiliskviðr, defined in N. G. L. ii. 505 sqq.: a home-verdict, report made by one’s mates and fellows; in the saying, hættr er h. nema sér góðan geti, Sdm. 25; eigi skal heimiskvið annan at henda eðr ílltyngdir, no notice is to be taken of house-talk or evil tongues, Grág. i. 361.
a. = heimill.
adj., so spelt in Nj. 220, Eg. 163, 199, Fms. vi. 161, 185, Fs. 154, etc.; heimholt (wrongly), Sks. 60 new Ed.; heimull, Fms. vi. 207, vii. 160; later and usually heimill; [cp. Goth. haimoþli and Icel. heimili]
I. prop. ‘household,’ homely, domestic, of a thing or property, cp. Germ. ‘heimisch, einheimisch;’ hann lét öngu tortýna þar nema kvikfé heimilu (home cattle); but this sense is rare and obsolete.
II. metaph. as a law term, property in one’s full possession, at one’s free disposal; heimöl jörð, appropriated land, Fms. vi. 161 (in a verse); þér varð jörð heimöl, 185 (in a verse):—in the phrase, vera e-m heimill; enda er eigi mundrinn heimill, sá er hann handsalar hinn heimski maðr, i. e. it is not a good, lawful bargain, it is not valid, Grág. i. 177; en hann hirdir aldri, at hverjum hann keypti, ef honum var heimilt selt, Ó. H. 114; því eru borð sett at heimoll er matr þeim er hafa þurfu, the meat is at the free disposal of those who wish to have it, Nj. 220; ok vera öllum matr heimill (heimöll, Hb.), Landn. 193; kvað honum heimilan skyldu sinn styrk nær sem hann þyrfti, his help should be at his disposal whensoever he stood in need of it, Orkn. …
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m. intimacy.
(heimull-), mod. heimugleikr (-leiki), m. privacy, intimacy; kærleiki með h., Bs. i. 809; h. ok vinátta, Fms. v. 176 (v. l.), Bs. (Laur. S. passim), Mar.
2. mod. secrecy; þeir töluðu milli sín margan heimuleik, Bs. ii. 54.
adv.
1) with full right to possession;
2) privately (fá e-m e-t ~).
(heimull-), mod. heimugliga, adv. duly, with full title to possession; hvert er þat land er ek má fá Haraldi heimolliga, ef ek hefi úskert Dana-veldi? Fms. i. 85, cp. Hkr. (l. c.) 197; at þér mættuð byggja h. ok einsliga í þessari laudsins hálfu, Stj. 223.
2. privately, Fb. i. 83, Bs. ii. 28.
β. mod. secretly, Fms. xi. 443 (MS. of the 15th century).
adv.
1) intimate;
2) private (~ klerkr).
mod. heimugligr, adj. intimate, Bs. i. 801 (Laur. S. passim); kærastr ok heimolligastr, Mar.
2. private; h. hús ok herbergi, a private closet, Stj. 105; hans h. fólk, his household folk, id.; h. klerkr, a private clerk or chaplain, Fms. xi. 443; h. vinr, Fas. ii. 490; h. hús, a privy, Grett. 98 A.
β. mod. secret, Germ. heimlich.
(-s, -ar), m.
1) a place of abode, a region or world (níu man ek heima); spyrja e-n í hvern heim, to ask one freely;
2) this world (segðu mér ór heimi, ek man ór helju); koma í heiminn, to be born; fara af heiminum, to depart this life; liggja milli heims ok heljar, to lie between life and death;
3) the earth; kringla heimsins, the globe.
m. [Ulf. heimos (fem. pl.) = κώμη; A. S. hâm; cp. Eng. home, and in local names -ham; O. H. G. haim; Germ. heim; Dan. hjem; Swed. hem]:—prop. an abode, village, and hence land, region, world:
I. abode, land,
1. partly in a mythol. sense, each heimr being peopled with one kind of beings, gods, fairies, men, giants, etc.; níu man ek heima, I remember nine abodes, Vsp. 2, and also Alm. 9 sqq., Vþm. 45, refer to the mythol. conception of nine heavens, nine kinds of beings, and nine abodes, cp. Goð-heimr, God-land, Yngl. S., Stor.; Mann-heimar, Man-land, the abode of men, Yngl. S.; Jötun-heimar, Giant-land; Álf-heimr, Elf-land, Fairy-land; Nifl-heimr, Mist-land, the world below, Edda, Gm.; Undir-heimar, the nether world, Fms. iii. 178, Fas. iii. 391; Upp-heimr, the ‘Up-land,’ Ether, Alm. 13; cp. also Sól-heimar, ‘Sun-ham,’ Sunniside, freq. as a local name, Landn.; vind-h., ‘wind-ham,’ the heaven, Vsp. 62; sá heimr er Múspell heitir, Edda 3; heyrir blástr hans í alla heima, 17: the phrase, spyrja einn í alla heima, to ask one freely; …
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f. folly, nonsense.
1. u, f. folly, Am. 83, Fbr. 142, Fms. ii. 156, Ó. H. 109, Anal. 246, passim.
COMPDS: heimskuliga, heimskuligr, heimskutal, heimskuverk.
2. að, to mock one, 656 C. 35, H. E. i. 505 (impers.)
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a, m. a fool, simpleton.
a. foolish, silly; verðr opt heitum ~ maðr feginn, fair words often make a fool s heart rejoice.
adj. [heima], foolish, silly, prop. ‘homish,’ of one who has never been from home, as in the saying, heimskt er heimalit barn, homish (silly) is the home-bred bairn: heimskr, drill, is opp. to horskr, Hm. 93; h. maðr, 19; heimskir halir, fools, bad men, Sdm. 24: the saying, verðr opt heitum heimskr maðr feginn, fair words make a fool’s heart leap for joy, Þorst. St. 55; heimskir menn, Nj. 33: an idiot, Grág. i. 177; h. ok úráðvandr, Fs. 51; sá skal hýðing valda er heimskastr er á þingi, N. G. L. i. 349: nicknames, Ketill Heimski, Hrafn H., Hreiðarr H., Óttarr H., Landn., Hdl., Fms.; cp. Lat. Brutus.
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adv. foolishly, Sks. 685.
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adj. foolish,
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n. foolisb talk,
n. foolish deed.
n. a foolish deed, Karl. 20.
adv. foolishly; láta ~, to play the fool.
(proncd. heimsliga, Fb. i. 259), adv. foolishly; láta h., to play silly pranks, behave like an idiot, Fms. iii. 179, vi. 217, Fas. i. 9, Fs. 32, 150; fara h., Boll. 352; hlaupa hart ok heimsliga, Fb. i. 259.
a. foolish, silly (heimsklig orð).
(proncd. heimsligr, 623. 19, Sturl. ii. 34 C, Fas. ii. 326), adj. foolish, silly, Sks. 73, 302, Fms. vi. 208; h. orð, foolish (foul) language, Sturl. ii. 34, passim; h. gaman, Fs. 71.
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adj. foolish-spoken, 686 B. 2.
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adj. = heimskmáligr, Pass. 13. 2.
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m. one who makes an inroad, a burglar, N. G. L. i. 405.
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n. a witness in a case of heimsókn, Gþl. 155.
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m. a witness in a case of h., N. G. L. i. 217.
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n. testimony in a case of h., Gþl. 475.
m. age of the world.
m. aetas mundi, Stj. 25, Rb. 392, Fas. ii. 13.
f. quarter (part) of the world.
u, f. a quarter of the world, Edda 151 (pref.)
m. crash of the world.
m. crash of the world, Nj. 272.
f. the peopled world.
f. the peopled world, Rb. 380, Stj., Hom.
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a, m. the world’s end, Stj. 68, 92: temp. the end of the world.
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u, f. orbis terrarum, Sks. 606, Trist. 7: the name of the work of Snorri, given it by Thormod Torfæus (died 1719), from the first words in one of the vellum MSS., ‘Kringla heimsins,’ etc., whence Heimskringla; as the old name of the Aeneid was ‘Arma.’ This name was for the first time used in the Edit. of Peringsköld 1697.
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(-sköpun), f. creation, Stj. 279.
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n. pl. the poles, Fs. ii. 97 (in a verse); the earth being conceived as a sheet stretched out (mod.), Norðr-h., the North pole; Suðr-h., the South pole.
n. pl. the end of the world.
n. pl. the end of the world, Bs. i. 432, Stj. 124.
f. the sun; undir heims-sólu, on earth.
f. the sun, Fms. vi. 422.
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u, f. aetas mundi, 625. 178, Rb. 82, 84, 88, Fb. i. (pref.), Bs. ii. 3.
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f. the ruling of the world, Mar.
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m. the ruler of the world, Lex. Poët.
f. living, dwelling.
f. living, dwelling, 625. 93, Magn. 428, Fms. ii. 239: dwelling in a place, N. G. L. i. 391, Hom. 115.
m. = heimsálfa.
m. = heimsálfa (in the old sense), Hkr. i. 5.
I)
(-mta, -mtr), v.
1) to draw, pull; ~ upp akkeri, to weigh anchor; fig., ~ sik fram með fégjöfum, to make one’s way by giving presents; ~ sik í vináttu við e-n, to get on friendly terms with one; ~ nyt af fé, to milk cattle;
2) to get back, recover, regain (þóttust þeir hafa hann ór helju ~n); esp., to get home the sheep from the summer pastures;
3) to claim (~ e-t at e-m); ~ arf, skuld, toll, to claim an inheritance, debt, toll; ~ vilmæli, to claim the fulfilment of a promise; ~ e-n á tal við sik, to ask for an interview with one;
4) impers., e-n heimtir, one longs (slíks var ván, at þik mundi þangat ~);
5) refl., ~st fram at aldri, to advance in years; ~st saman, to gather together, join (heimtust brátt skip hans saman).
II)
f.
1) claim, demand (of payment due to one);
2) esp. in pl. (heimtur) bringing home sheep from the summer pastures (verða ~ góðar).
u, f. a claim, demand, of payment due to one, or the like, Sturl. i. 113, Grág. ii. 379, K. Á. 84, Fb. i. 471, (fjár-heimta, arf-h.)
2. esp. in pl. (heimtur), a bringing home sheep from the summer pastures; þat var eitthvert sinn um haust at heimtur vóru íllar á fé manna, ok var Glúmi vant margra geldinga, Nj. 26; haust-heimtur, Band. 4; skaut mjök í tvau horn um heimtur Odds frá því er verit hafði, id.; ok er á leið haustið ferr hann á fjall, verða heimtur góðar, ok missir engis sauðar, 3; al-heimtur, gathering in all one’s sheep, cp. Glúm. ch. 7, Rd. 4, Eb. ch. 18, Nj. ch. 16; very freq. in mod. usage.
I)
(-mta, -mtr), v.
1) to draw, pull; ~ upp akkeri, to weigh anchor; fig., ~ sik fram með fégjöfum, to make one’s way by giving presents; ~ sik í vináttu við e-n, to get on friendly terms with one; ~ nyt af fé, to milk cattle;
2) to get back, recover, regain (þóttust þeir hafa hann ór helju ~n); esp., to get home the sheep from the summer pastures;
3) to claim (~ e-t at e-m); ~ arf, skuld, toll, to claim an inheritance, debt, toll; ~ vilmæli, to claim the fulfilment of a promise; ~ e-n á tal við sik, to ask for an interview with one;
4) impers., e-n heimtir, one longs (slíks var ván, at þik mundi þangat ~);
5) refl., ~st fram at aldri, to advance in years; ~st saman, to gather together, join (heimtust brátt skip hans saman).
II)
f.
1) claim, demand (of payment due to one);
2) esp. in pl. (heimtur) bringing home sheep from the summer pastures (verða ~ góðar).
t, [Swed. hämta; akin to heim, prop. to fetch home]:- to fetch:
1. to draw, pull; þá bauð jarl at h. þá at landi, to pull them ashore, 623. 35; taka hendi sinni í stúfinn tungunnar ok h. (to pull) hana, Fb. ii. 386; þá heimtir hann togit hart, Konr. 31 (MS.), 33; þá vildu þeir h. snöruna at hálsi honum, Mar.: metaph., heimti hann sik fram með fégjöfum við konunginn, he made his way with the king by money, Fms. xi. 325; Einarr kom á fund konungs, ok heimti sik fram með fégjöfum, Fb. iii. 445; h. sik í vináttu við e-n, to contract friendship with one, Fms. vi. 52; h. nyt af fé, to milk cattle, K. Þ. K. 78, Bs. i. 189: impers. (rare), þegar er saman heimtir með þeim, when they come up to one another, Al. 143; slíks var ván eigi lítil, at þik mundi þangat heimta (v. l. langa, Fs. 104), that thou shouldest be drawn thither, long to go thither, Fms. ii. 212.
2. to call on one; konungr heimti til sín Sigurð ullstreng, Fms. vii. 17; þá heimtu þeir konung á tal, they had an interview with the king, 273, Lv. 42; þá var Joseph heimtr ór myrkva-stofu, Ver. 17; þá skal hann h. …
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a, m. a usurer, Stj. 304.
f. claim, demand.
f. a claim, demand, Grág. i. 97, 334, Ld. 50, Fms. ii. 287.
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(-leiki), heimolleikr, vide heimoll.
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part. = heima-alinn.
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m. = heima-alningr.
n. invitation, feast.
n. a ‘home-bidding,’ invitation, a feast, Nj. 51, Fms. i. 54, Eg. 66, Orkn. 320: a law phrase, reclamation, N. G. L. i. 41, Gþl. 406, Grág. i. 381, passim.
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m., Lat. orbis terrarum, the globe, world, Eluc. 19.
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m., with single l, not Heimdallr, as shewn from the gen. -dalar, not -dalls; a later form used in the Rímur was Heimdæl-l, Þrymlur 1. 8:—the god Heimdal, Edda, whence the poem Heimdalar-galdr, m. id. The etymology has not been made out: Heimdal was the heavenly watchman in the old mythology, answering to St. Peter in the medieval legends; respecting him vide Edda 17 (Sksm.) and passim, Gm. 13: he was also regarded as the father and founder of the different classes of mankind, see Rm. and Vsp. 1,—meiri ok minni mögu Heimdalar, the higher and lower sons of H., i. e. all men.
II. a ram in Edda (Gl.) is called heimdali.
m. a stay-at-home; hleypa heimdraganum, to see the world.
a, m. a ‘home-dragger,’ laggard, Fms. vii. 121, Fs. 177 (in a verse), Art. 89, Konr. 10, Lex. Poët.
f.
1) going home, return home;
2) inroad into one’s home, atför, heimsókn.
f. a going home, Eg. 66, Fms. iv. 269, ix. 474, Jb. 8: an inroad into one’s home = atför, heimsókn, Ld. 262, Eg. 73, Fms. viii. 9, xi. 239.
COMPDS: heimferðardagr, heimferðarleyfi.
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m. a law term, home-peace, home security, D. N. i. 215, 245.
a. longing for home.
adj. longing for home, Fms. vii. 48, vi. 238, Sturl. i. 84, Fb. ii. 360.
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f. a longing for one’s home.
f. = heimferð.
f. a going home, return home, Fms. vii. 48, xi. 60, Hkv. 2. 34: an inroad, Eg. 12, v. l.
COMPDS: heimfararleyfi, heimfaraþing.
f. going home.
u, f. a going home, Sturl. i. 43.
f. tame goose.
f. a home goose, a tame goose, Grett. 90, Korm. 206, Edda (Gl.)
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a, m. [cp. átt-hagi, Dan. hjem-stavn], a home-field, D. N. i. 581; in Hm. 156 we propose to read heimhaga for heimhuga.
m. one’s own skin.
m. ‘home-skin,’ one’s own skin, Hm. 156; vide hamr.
f. return home.
(heim-koma), u, f. return home, Fms. i. 290, Sturl. i. 213: the phrase, missa heimkvámu, to miss one’s return, be slain in foreign parts, answering to ἀπολέσαι νόστιμον ημαρ, Od.; misti þar margr maðr heimkvámu, Fas. i. 385, (Skjöld. S., which is a paraphrase from an old lost poem); at margr missi heimkvámu í þeima styr, Sighvat, Hkr. iii. 40 (in a verse). heimkvámu-dagr, m. the day of coming home, νόστιμον ημαρ, Lex. Poët.
n. home, household.
n. a home, household, Ísl. ii. 392, Magn. 484, Hkr. ii. 273.
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f. ‘home-way,’ going homewards, Mart. 129, Hom. (St.)
adv. homewards (fara ~).
adv. homewards, Eg. 589, Fms. iv. 278, xi. 55, Fs. 57, Ld. 48, passim.
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adj. native, Sks. 375.
n. leave to go home.
n. = heimfararleyfi, Fms. vi. 445, vii. 182, xi. 248, Hkr. ii. 261.
a. worldly.
adj. worldly, Magn. 466, Stj. 546, Bs. i. 97.
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m. a law term, ‘home-corpse,’ thus defined, sá maðr heitir h. er dreginn er til stokks eða til stumns (= stofns) ok höggnar af bæði hendr ok fætr, en um þat verk verða þrír menn útlagir nema hann vili færum kenna, N. G. L. ii. 506; cp. gálgnár etc.
f.
1) ride home;
2) inroad, attack.
f. a ‘home-raid,’ inroad, attack, Eg. 279.
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f. a lane leading up to houses (Icel. traðir), Gþl. 414, 445.
f.
1) visit;
2) inroad, attack on one’s home (veita e-m ~).
f. [cp. Scot. hamesucken], an inroad or attack on one’s home, Nj. 197, Fms. iii. 23, vii. 299.
COMPDS: heimsóknarvargr, heimsóknarvitni.
II. a visit, Sturl. i. 72.
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f. philosophy, Col. ii. 8; and heim-spekingr, m. a philosopher, now freq. and prob. formed in the 16th century from the Germ. welt-weisheit; a poem Heimspekinga-skóli exists, written at the end of the 17th century.
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u, f. a law term, a citation served at one’s home, Gþl. 264.
COMPDS: heimstefnuváttr, heimstefnuvitni.
f. homestead.
f. a homestead, Vsp. 56.
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sótti, [Dan. hjemsöge], to visit, Lv. 108, Fms. v. 236, Valla L. 218, Glúm. 354, (better in two words.)
f.
1) prospect of coming home;
2) prospect of salvation.
f. expectation of coming home; hann sagði sína heimván í efztu viku Föstu, Sturl. i. 25.
2. eccl. departure, Germ. ableben; þat get ek ekki merkja heimván þína, Fms. vii. 108, cp. Fél. vii. p. xiv. pref.; hann svaraði, mér lizt, herra, sem þér munið eigi lengi hér eptir þurfa at berjast við heiminn,—Biskup mælti, því er gott at taka, eg á góða heimvon, taken from Jón Halldórsson’s Lives of Bishops, referring to the death of Jón Vídalín (A. D. 1720).
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a, m. a ‘home-dweller,’ a member of one’s household; this word occurs several times on Danish stones, vide Rafn 184, 185, 197, 217, 218.
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(-uðr), m. a visitor; hanga h. = Odin (vide haugi), Ísl. ii. 353 (in a verse); herju h., the husband of the ogress, i. e. the giant Hrungnir, Haustl. 19.
f. hone, whetstone.
f. [A. S. hân; Engl. hone; Dan. heen], a hone, Edda 48, 59, Sturl. ii. 62, Fms. vi. 374: a nickname of the Danish king for his meekness, Knytl. S.
COMPDS: heinarbrýni, heinarsufl, heinþynntr.
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n. = heinbrýni, Fas. iii. 43.
n. the grease or liquor which mowers put on the whetstone.
(heinar-smjör, hone-grease, Fb. iii. 425), n. the liquor in which mowers dip the whetstone, Fms. vi. 374: in poetry the sword is called hein-flet, hein-land, hein-vandill, the flat, land, rod of the hone, Lex. Poët.
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m. pl. the inhabitants of the Norse county Heiðmörk, Fms. xii. Hein-verskr, adj. from Haðaland, Hkr. i. (in a verse).
n. hone-quarry.
n. a hone-quarry, Edda 58.
n. hone, whetstone.
n. a hone, whetstone, Fas. iii. 43.
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part. hone-whetted, of a sword, id.
f.
1) feud, deadly war; vinna e-m ~, to wage war against one; deila ~ir, to wage deadly feud;
2) deadly hatred, spite (meirr af ~ en ást); ~ ok harðindi, ill-will and tyranny; hafa ~ á e-m, to hate.
better heift, f. [Ulf. haifsts = ἔρις, ἐριθεία, ἀγών, cp. haifstjan = ἀγωνίζεσθαι; akin is Germ. heftig, whence mod. Dan. hæftig]:—the earliest sense is feud, deadly war; vinna e-m heipt, to wage war (do battle) against one, Vkv. 10; deila heiptir, to wage deadly feud, Hkv. 1. 44; senda e-m heiptar-boð, to challenge one to combat, Fas. iii. 27 (in a verse): hereto belong such poët. epithets as, heiptar-nýtr, heiptar-strangr, heipt-bráðr, heipt-fíkinn, heipt-glaðr, heipt-mildr, heipt-minnigr, heipt-móðr, heipt-örr, heipt-snarr, = mighty in war, warlike, all of them used as ‘ornamental’ epithets of praise, vide Lex. Poët.: as also heiptar-hvessir, m. a war kindler, id.
β. bane; heipt hrísungs, the bane of a copse, i. e. fire, Ýt. 19: in the old poems Hm. and Sdm. heipt seems used in a peculiar sense, viz. an imprecation, spell, Hm. 136, 152, Sdm. 12, 36, and perh. Eb. in the Máhlíðingavísur.
2. evil doings, injury; eiga e-m heiptir at gjalda, Hkr. i. 85, Korm. (in a verse); gjalda e-m harma ok heiptir, Ó. …
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n. bloodshed.
n. a law phrase, bloodshed; saurga í heiptarblóði, to stain (a holy place) with bloodshed, Eb. 12; þá kom heiftarblóð fyrst á jörð, Ver. 6 (the blood of Abel).
a. breathing hatred against one.
adj. breathing hatred against one, Ld. 232.
m. wrath, hatred (hafa heiptarhug á e-m).
m. wrath, Fb. iii. 320.
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f. a foe’s band; leggja heiptar hendr á e-n, Stj. 486; með sinni heiptar hendi, 436.
n. words breathing hatred.
and heiptar-orð, n. pl. words breathing hatred, Karl. 438, Fas. i. 191, ii. 358.
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adj. baneful: in the allit. law phrase, heiptugri hendi, infesta manu, K. Á. 36, 40, Gþl. 378.
a. spiteful.
adj. spiteful, Bkv. 10.
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m. unkind, evil words, Ad. 22.
m. foeman, adversary.
m. a foeman, adversary, Hm. 149.
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f. (heipt-rækinn, adj.), vindictiveness, Hom. (St.) 49.
a. vindictive, revengeful.
adj. vindictive, Bs. i. 8.
f. deadly hatred, revengefulness.
f. deadly hatred, Ver. 26.
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adj. vindictive, Eb. 17 new Ed., Fbr. 35, Fms. vi. 42, 295.
n. pl. words of hatred.
n. pl. words of hatred, Edda 77, Am. 85, Fm. 9.
n.
1) solemn promise, vow; efla (stofna, festa) heit, to make a vow; strengja e-s ~, to make a solemn vow;
2) pl. threats (hann stóð undir heitum ok illyrðum).
n. a solemn promise, vow; munu yðr heit hans öll föst, Eg. 28, Þorst. St. 55; efnt þykkisk þú hafa heit þín, en nú eru eptir mín heit, Nj. 59; en í engum heitum (engagement) vil ek bindask, Ó. H. 32: in sing. a vow, holy vow, kvað engan hlut batna munu við þat heit, Rd. 248; er honum þótti sem þegit mundi heitið, Glúm. 348; efla heit, to make a vow, Gísl. 90; stofna heit, id., Fms. ii. 16, Sturl. i. 222; festa heit, id., Bs. i. 184: but esp., strengja heit, to make a solemn vow (in the heathen time, whence heit-strenging), Fs. 122, Ísl. ii. 166, Fms. i. 3, xi. 26, Fb. ii. 353, Hrafn. 5; enda heit sitt, Fb. ii. 371: eccl. a vow, offra Drottni heit sín, Stj. 429; heit öll ok testamenta, K. Á. 216: a promise (in marriage), hann bað konunnar ok fékk heitið hennar, Edda 23; bregða föstu heiti, to break a promise, Alm. 5.
n.
1) solemn promise, vow; efla (stofna, festa) heit, to make a vow; strengja e-s ~, to make a solemn vow;
2) pl. threats (hann stóð undir heitum ok illyrðum).
n. pl. [cp. Ulf. wota = ἀπειλή], threatening words or gestures, threats, Lat. minae; standa undir heitum ok íllyrðum, Bs. i. 728; heit ok harðyrði, Barl. 194; köld heit, Edda (Ht.); þeirra heit dvínuðu, Edda (in a verse); af heitum, from his threatening gestures, Am. 19.
I)
(heit; hét, hétum; heitinn), v.
1) to call give a name to;
Grímni mik hétu, they called me G.;
heitinn eptir e-m, called (named) after one;
2) to call on one;
~ e-n á brott, to call on one to be gone, bid one go (heitit mik héðan);
~ á e-n, to exhort one (in battle);
to invoke (~ á hinn heilaga Ólaf);
~ á e-n til e-s, to invoke (appeal to) one for a thing (hann hét á Þór til fulltings);
3) intrans., the pres. ‘heiti’ (not ‘heit’), to be hight, be called;
Óðinn ek, nú heiti, now I am called Odin;
Ólafr heiti ek, my name is O.;
Úlfr hét maðr, there was a man, whose name was U.;
bœr heitir á Bakka (at búrfelli), there is a farm called B.;
~ (to be reckoned) frjáls maðr, hvers manns níðingr;
4) with dat. to promise (~ e-m e-u);
mantu, hverju þú hézt mér, do you remember what you promised me?
~ e-m hörðu, to threaten one;
Bárði var heitit meyjunni, the maid was promised to B.;
5) refl., ~st, to vow, plight one’s faith (þeir hétust reka Hákon ór landi);
~st e-m, to vow one’s person to one (~st hinum heilaga Ólafi konungi);
to be betrothed to one. …
1. tt, [heitr], to heat; hón heitti steinana, Lv. 70; hann lét taka sement ok heita í katli, Fms. vi. 153; h. spjót í eldi, Fas. ii. 29; sólin heitir hafit, Rb. 444.,
2. to brew; heita mungát, Bs. i. 339, 340, K. Þ. K. 100, Finnb. 294, Eg. 88; heita öl, 148, Hkv. 3; heita til Jólanna, to brew for Yule, Orkn. 112;—the ancients used to drink fresh-brewed ale.
2. u, f. brewing, N. G. L. ii. 249, iii. 197; öl-heita, ale-brewing, Landn. 215.
COMPDS: heitugagn, heituhús, heitukerald, heituketill, heitukona, heitumaðr, heituviðr.