m. abundance.
m. abundance, Magn. 450, Rb. 110.
adv. abundantly.
adv. (mod. nóg-liga, and so Stj. 30, Fms. vi. 15, MSS. of the 14th century), abundantly, Edda 9, Fms. i. 77, Hom. 37, Stj. 414.
a. abundant.
adj. (mod. nóg-ligr, and so Fms. ii. 228, Sks. 134 B. new Ed., MSS. of the 13th century), abundant, Stj. 428, Mar. 474.
f. abundance, plenty (g. fjár) gera g. spurning (dat.) e-s, to give sufficient answer to one’s question.
f. [A. S. geniht], abundance, plenty; ærin gnótt vista, Fms. xi. 36; gnótt fjár, Band. 9; aura gnótt, plenty of money, Greg. 39; gnótt grunnýðgi (gen.), Am. 1; þau áttu gnótt í búi, Nj. 257; en svá mikil gnótt at sólunni um sumarit, so great plenty of sun during the summer, Sks. 71; hljóta sumir mikla gnótt af þessum gjöfum, 561; hann mun gefa þér gnótt allra hluta, Blas. 43; þar vóru gnóttir hvers-vetna, Fs. 65; en at ek gera gnótt spurning þinni, that I give sufficient answer to thy question, Fas. iii. 665.
COMPDS: gnóttabrunnr, gnóttamaðr.
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m. the well of abundance, Stj. 164. Gen. xxvi. 22.
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m. a wealthy man, Grett. 127 (MS. A. nótta-maðr).
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að, to gnarr, grate, as a door moving on the hinges.
(gný, gnera, or gnøra, gnúinn), v. to rub (hann tók til orða ok gneri nefit).
mod. núa, pres. gný; pret. gneri, gnöri, or neri; part. gnúit; [cp. Dan. gnide]:—to rub; hann tók til orða, ok gneri nefit, and rubbed his nose, Orkn. 394; gnera ek vátum höndum um augu mér, Ó. H. 224; gnera (gnöra, v. l.) ek í sundr öll málmhlið sterkra borga, Sks. 631 B, Mirm. 31: with dat., hón rakaði af honum allt hárit ok neri (paper MS.) í tjöru (dat.), and rubbed it with tar, Fas. i. 18; hann gnýr þar við bakinu þar til er boga-strengrinn skarsk, ii. 547; þó at þér sveinar haeði at því, at þú sitir mjótt ok gnúir saman lærum þínum, Band. 13, Mar. 539; nokkurrir fiskar gnúa sér svá fast við kviðinn, at …, Stj. 77.
(-ða), v. to droop (g. með höfðinu).
1. ð, (qs. gnúpa), to droop, stoop; skalf hón öll af hræðslu ok gnúfði hón með höfði sínu, Str. 76.
2. adj. drooping, stooping; hann sat gnúfa hryggr … lypti upp höfði sínu, Str. 73.
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u, f. = gnúfa, a nickname, Landn.
(-s, -ar), m. peak (= gnípa).
m. a peak (= gnípa); þá gékk maðr út ór gnúpinum, Nj. 211; undir gnúpinum, Landn. 277, v. l.: freq. in local names, Lóma-g., Rita-g.; Gnúpar, pl., and Gnúpr, names of farms, Landn.: a pr. name, Bs.
a. stern-looking.
adj. = gnúfa, Edda 19.
(gnyð, gnudda), v. to mutter, grumble (herrinn gnuddi ilia); to grunt (g. mundu nú grísir).
gnuddi, to mutter, grumble; herrinn gnuddi nú ílla, Fms. vi. 156 (nuddi, v. l.); en þó gnuddi þetta mest á Sturlu, they grumbled most against Sturla, Sturl. 157: to scream, grunt, gnyðja mundu nú grísir ef þeir vissi hvat hinn gamli þyldi, Fas. i. 282.
(pl. -ir), m. murmur.
m., pl. ir, mod. nyðr, or even spelt niðr, a murmur; þykki mér íllt at heyra gnyð ykkar yfir mér, Fas. iii. 194; görðisk þá mikill gnýr ok gnyðr af ópi ok hlaupum, Stj. 452, v. l.
II. in mod. usage freq. the murmur of a river or brook, ár-niðr, lækjar-niðr.
(gný, gnúða, gnúit), v. to roar (vindar ~); g. á, to set in (þá gnúði í hallæri mikit ok veðrátta köld).
pres. gnýr, pret. gnúði, to sound, of wind and sea; derived from gnúa, with the notion of a grating sound, as of a stream over pebbles, the tide against the beach, etc.; brím gnýr Kormak, vide Lex. Poët.; breki gnúði á stafni, Höfuðl. 11; gnýr allr Jötun-heimr, Vsp. 53; gnýjanda gjálfr, Sks.; útan gnýr á eyri Ýmis blóð, Edda (in a verse); vindar eru þá úkyrrir ok gnýja héðan ok handan, Edda 8; þar megu vér nú heyra gnýja bana Þorkels frænda, Ld. 326; gnúði á hallæri mikit ok veðrátta köld, Bs. i. 171; þá gnúði á hin snarpasta hríð, Fms. ii. 225; þótti honum görask mikit vandkvæði í þessu er á gnúði, iv. 145; hvat sem á gnýr, Thom. 114.
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m., mod. nýpr, = gnúpr, a local word.
I)
(-s, -ir), m. clash, din.
II) from gnúa.
m. a clash, din, as of wind, waves, weapons, etc., Nj. 272, Edda 41, Mag. 6, Skálda 169, Fms. vi. 156, x. 264, Sl. 57: esp. freq. in poët. compds referring to the din of war, Lex. Poët.: metaph., gnýr ok ótti, alarm and fright, Niðrst. 5.
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a, m., poët. the wind, Edda (Gl.)
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n. adj. stormy, windy, Grett. 111 A.
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dd, mod. næða, to feel a draught, það næðir um þig.
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m., mod. næðingr, a gust of wind, Bárð. 171.
(-ða, -t), v. to stand up, rise high, tower (~ við himin).
ð and að, to project, Lat. eminere; af Gnár nafni er svá kallat, at þat gnæfi sem hátt ferr, Edda. 22; merki mörg óðfluga ok gnæfðu fyrir ofan brekkuna, Hkr. i. 150; engi sá fyrr en þar gnæfaði merki yfir þeim, Fms. viii. 62; en er bændr sá þat í móti dags-brúninni at merki konungs gnævaði hátt, 126; ok gnæfar yfir liðinu sem einn hár turn, Al. 141; hans bust næfði (sic) náliga við limar uppi, Fb. ii. 27; g. við himin, Fas. i. 185 (in a verse); hann gnæfði ofarliga við ráfrinu, Grett.: metaph., Lat. impendere, hvílíkr háski at yfir gnæfir þeirra sálum, H. E. i. 514:—very freq. in mod. usage.
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(gnæpr, Fb. i. 258), adj. floating high, of a banner, Hd. 40.
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ð, [gnógr], to endow, bestow upon; gnægð með góðum hlutum, Stj. 421; hve hann yrþjóð (acc.) auði gnegir, how he endows men with bliss, Ad. 18; and gnegðr at fjárafli, endowed with wealth, id. In mod. usage nægja, það nægir, ‘tis enough, e. g. sá hefir nóg sér nægja lætr, a saying, freq.
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adj., mod. nægr, = gnógr; þú hefir þat gnægara, er meira þarf við, Lv. 43; því at lands-folkit var gnægt til, i. e. populous, Hkr. i. 45; hann á nægri börn en kýr, he is better stocked with bairns than kine, Bs. ii. 141; skaupi gnegr, full of contempt, scoffing, Ad. 2.
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f. (nægt, nægð, Stj. 235, freq. in mod. usage), = gnótt, abundance: esp. in pl., eiga alls nægtir, to have one’s fill of all good things, freq.
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t, = gnægja; Dróttinn mun þik g. öllum góðum hlutum, Stj. 421.
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að, (nöllra, Karl. l. c.; hence the mod. nöldra to grumble, nöldr grumbling):—to howl, bark; hundrinn hljóp upp gnöllrandi, Fas. iii. 545; haukar þeirra gnöllraðu, Karl. 376, v. l.; við þessi orð spratt hundrinn upp ok gnöllraði hátt, Fms. iii. 13; hjarta hans gnöllraði í honum innan-brjósts eins og greyhundr, rendering of Od. xx. 13, 14; þar eru tveir hundar ok nöllra þeir ok grenja, Þiðr. 245.
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f. howling, Mar.
(að), v. to clatter, rattle.
að, [gnat], to clatter, rattle; gnötrar (gnottir, Verel.) sverðit hvárt yfir annat, Bret. 55; menn þóttusk heyra at beinin gnötruðu við hræringarnar, his bones clattered, Bs. i. 69: esp. of the teeth, skelfr hann svá mjök at gnötrar í honum hver tönn, Háv. 54; tennr hans nötruðu, Fbr. 149: metaph., þar hlaut at nötra um, Sd. 169:—in mod. usage freq. to shiver, shake, as with cold.
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f. a rattling, Eluc.
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a, m. [cp. Germ. götze] a nickname, Ld.
n. (heathen) god.
n. pl. [all the Teutonic languages have this word in common; Ulf. guþa, n. pl., Gal. iv. 8; guda, id., John x. 34, 35; and Guþ, m.; A. S. godu, n. pl., and God, m.; O. H. G. Cot: in mod. languages masc.; Engl. God; Germ. Gott; Dan.-Swed. Gud].
A. HISTORICAL REMARKS.—In heathen times this word was neuter, and was used almost exclusively in plur., as were also other words denoting Godhead, e. g. regin or rögn = numina, q. v.; and bönd, höpt, prop. = bonds, and metaph. gods:—this plur. usage seems not to refer to a plurality of gods, but rather, as the Hebrew אלהים, to the majesty and mystery of the Godhead; it points to an earlier and purer faith than that which was current in the later ages of the Scandinavian heathendom; thus the old religious poem Völuspá distinguishes a twofold order of gods,—the heavenly powers (regin or ginn-heilög goð) who had no special names or attributes, and who ruled the world, like the Μοιρα or Αισα of Gr. mythology;—and the common gods who were divided into two tribes, Æsir (Ases) and Vanir, whose conflict and league are recorded in Vsp. 27, 28, and Edda 47. …
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m. a law term, the verdict of a jury composed of twelve goðar, commonly called tylftar-kviðr, a ‘twelver-verdict,’ fixed for some special cases, defined in Grág.; the goða-kviðr was opposed to the búa-kviðr, vide búi, Grág. i. 168, passim.
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m. a law term, a protest or interdict, Grág. i. 112, ii. 97, passim; but it is uncertain whether it is derived from goði, i. e. the protest of a goði, or from goð, i. e. the great ban, a protest in the holy name of the gods.
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m. a section of law about the goðar, Grág. i. 73.
m. heathen priest; chief (in Iceland during the republic).
a, m. [Ulf, renders ἱερεύς by gudja (ufar-gudja, ahumista-gudja, etc.), ἱερατεία by gudjinassus, ἱερατεύειν by gudjinôn; an Icel. gyði, gen. gyðja, would answer better to the Goth. form, but it never occurs, except that the fem. gyðja = goddess and priestess points not to goði, but to a masc. with a suppressed final i, gyði; a word coting occurs in O. H. G. glossaries, prob. meaning the same; and the form guþi twice occurs on Danish-Runic stones in Nura-guþi and Saulva-guþi, explained as goði by P. G. Thorsen, Danske Runem.; (Rafn’s explanation and reading of Nura-guþi qs. norðr á Gauði, is scarcely right): with this exception this word is nowhere recorded till it appears in Icel., where it got a wide historical bearing]:—prop. a priest, sacerdos, and hence a liege-lord or chief of the Icel. Commonwealth.
A. HISTORICAL REMARKS.—The Norse chiefs who settled in Icel., finding the country uninhabited, solemnly took possession of the land (land-nám, q. v.); and in order to found a community they built a temple, and called themselves by the name of goði or hof-goði, ‘temple-priest; …
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a. without a goðorð.
adj. without a godord, Nj. 149, Band. 2.
m. owner of a goðorð.
m. a ‘godord-man,’ = a goði, Hrafn. 13, 14, Fs. 67, Glúm. 324, Sturl., passim.
n. an action concerning a goðorð.
n. an action concerning a godord, Sturl. ii. 89.
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n. a claim to a godord, Sturl. ii. 88: erfða-goðorð (q. v.), Sturl. i. 198; fornt goðorð, vide above: forráðs-goðorð = manna-forrað, a godord to which forráð (power) is attached, an απ. λεγ. in Ísl. ii. 173 (Hænsa Þ. S.)
n. dignity and authority of a goði (~ ok manna forráð).
n. (seldom spelt guðorð, as in Grág. ii. 154); hann var maðr félítill en átti staðfestu góða í Skálholti ok goðorð, Bs. i. 54; for this word vide goði.
COMPDS: goðorðslauss, goðorðsmaðr, goðorðsmál, goðorðstilkall.
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m. a gag or hook: brýna gogginn, to whet the beak, of a raven: a term of abuse, Edda (Gl.)
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a, m. ooze, mud, Mork. 13; cp. blóð-gögl, blood-ooze, Björn.
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n., mod. gola, u, f. a breeze: metaph., Al. 99; fjalla-g., q. v.
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m. [Old Engl. goll], the talon or claw of a hawk, esp. of artificial kind; in N. G. L. i. 242 a man has to return to the owner a goshawk if found astray with the goll fastened to him, but he may claim landnám, i. e. compensation for damages done on the land.
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m. [gollr], poët. a kind of hawk, Edda (Gl.)
m. pericardium.
m. the pericardium, Edda (Gl.) gollur-hús, n. id., Ísl. Þjóðs. ii. 579; hence gollor-heimr, m., poët. the breast.
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a, m., golsóttr, adj. a sheep with a dark yellow belly.
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adj. yellow-green, epithet of the sea.
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adj. yellow-brown.
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m. ‘yellow-cod,’ a cod-fish so called from its colour.
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a, m. a vain person, Edda (Gl.)
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að, [Dan. gumpe; Engl. jump], to skip, (rare.)
n. the cud in animals.
n. [A. S. gor; Engl. gore; Swed. går], whence Gor-mánuðr, m. Gore-month, the first winter month, about the middle of October to the middle of November, so called from the slaughtering of beasts for winter Store, Edda 103; vetr ok g. kemr laugardag, Rb.
II. the cud in animals, but also used of chyme in men, e. g. spúa græmi gorinu, to vomit the green g., of one far gone in sea-sickness.
COMPDS: gorblautr, gorgeir, gorkúla, gorvargr, gorvömb.
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m. ooze, mud, grounds in coffee and the like:—a local name of a muddy creek at the bottom of Gils-fjörðr in the west of Icel.
II. name of an old Danish king, prob. contracted from Goð-ormr, cp. Guthrum in the Saxon Chronicle.
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n. bragging, fanfaronade, and gorta, að, to brag.
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adj. clammy, of the hide of a fresh slaughtered animal.
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m. impudence.
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u, f. a fungus, lypoperdon.
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m. a law term, [early Dan. and Swed. gornithing; Ivar Aasen gortjuv], a ‘gore-worrier,’ one who feloniously destroys another man’s cattle, liable to outlawry, defined in N. G. L. ii. 523.
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f. the first stomach, Ísl. ii. 375.
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a, m. [Swed. gossa = a boy], the knave in cards.
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n. spawning. gota, u, f. spawn.
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a, m., pl. Gotnar, the Goths; hence Gotland, n. Gotland; Gotneskr, adj. Gothic, Lex. Poët.; Gota-veldi, n. the Gothic empire, (of the island Gotland, A. D. 1319.) The name of the Goths with compds occurs freq. in Scandin. history, esp. in Sagas referring to the mythical age; and distinction is made between Ey-Gotar, the Island-Goths, i. e. the inhabitants of the Danish Isles, and Reið-Gotar or Hreð-Gotar in the south of Sweden. According to Jornandes and the late Norwegian historian P. A. Munch, a race of Gothic origin, speaking a dialect closely akin to that of Ulfilas, lived in parts of Scandinavia during the 3rd and 4th centuries of our era; Munch even supposes that Ermanarik (Jörmunrekr) was a Scandinavian-Gothic king, and lived in the 4th century, and that the Runic monuments on the Golden horn, the stone in Tune, the Bracteats, etc., are of this and the subsequent period; on this interesting question see Munch’s Norske Folk’s Hist., vol. i, and several essays by the same.
II. poët. a horse, Lex. Poët.
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m. young fish, fry.
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f. the spawn hole in female cod-fish or salmon.
m. heathen priest; chief (in Iceland during the republic).
a, m. a boon, Fms. xi. 72.
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n. pl. boons, good things, Barl. 6, 190, 193, Stat. 289.
(góð, gott), a.
1) good, morally commendable (g. ok réttlátr konungr, góð kona);
2) good, honest (drengr g.); g. vili, good, honest intention;
3) kind, friendly; g. e-m, kind towards one; gott gengr þér til, thou meanest well; gott var í frændsemi þeira, they were on good terms; vilja e-m gott, to wish one well;
4) good, fine, goodly; g. hestr, fine horse; gott veðr, fine weather; með góðu föruneyti, with goodly suite; góðr beini, good cheer, verða gott til e-s, to get plenty of; var þá gott til fjár ok mannvirðingar, there was ample wealth and fame to earn; g. af e-u or e-s, good, liberal with a thing; g. af tíðendum, good at news, communicative; g. af hestinum, willing to lend the horse; g. af fé, open-handed; g. matar, free with his food.
adj., neut. gott with a short vowel; but that the ancients, at least in early times, said gótt is clear from the analogy with óðr neut. ótt, fróðr neut. frótt, and from rhymes such as gótt, dróttni; [Ulf. usually renders καλός by gôþs, but ἀγαθός by þiuþigs; A. S. gôd; Engl. good; O. H. G. got; Germ. gut; Dutch goed; Swed.-Dan. god]:
1. good, righteous; góða frá íllum, Eluc. 37; góðan mann ok réttlátan, Ver. 7; góðr ok réttlátr konungr, Fms. vii. 263; góðir ok ágætir, Alex. 65; góðr maðr, Sks. 456; góð kona, 457; er hón góð kona, er þú hefir svo lofat hana? Bs. i. 799; góð verk, Hom. 97; góðr vili, good-will: allit., Góðr Guð; biðja Góðan Guð; Guð minn Góðr! and the like: also as a term of endearment, my dear! Elskan mín góð! barnið gott, good child! M. N. minn góðr!
2. good, honest; drengr góðr, passim; góðir vinir, good friends, Ísl. ii. 393; góðir menn, good men, Grág. i. 301; aðrir góðir menn, Fms. ix. 268; Guði ok góðum mönnum, Grág. ii. 168; góðr vili, good will, honest intention, Bs. i. 746: in addressing one, góðr maðr! Sks. 303, passim; …
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and góz, n. goods; prop. a gen. from góðr, hvat góðs, quid boni? Nj. 236; allt þat góðs sem hann átti, 267, Hrafn. 29; sá er síns góðs misti optliga, Thom. 2 (Ed.): esp. freq. in later writers, Ann. 1332, 1346, Stj. 135, Bs. passim, H. E. i. 432; cp. Dan. gods = property.
a. benevolent, kind.
adj. benevolent, kind, Fms. i. 219.
m. benevolent man.
m. a benevolent man, Sturl. ii. 14, Orkn. 50.
a. full of good-will.
adj. full of good-will, Gísl. 87.
a. kind-hearted.
part. kind-hearted, Glúm. 308.
a. good-natured.
adj. good-natured, Grett. 92 A, 107, Fms. iii. 107.
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adj. of good repute, famous.
adv. willingly.
adv. willingly, Fms. ii. 204, Stj.
a. benevolent.
adj. benevolent, 655 xxx. 10, Fms. ii. 238, Th. 12, Stj. 154.
f. goodness, good-will.
1. f. goodness, Sks. 12, Fms. i. 304, v. 239, xi. 297, Mar.
2. f. piety, devotion: góð-fúss, adj. devoted, Thom.
f. goodness, good-will.
f. good-will, Fms. ii. 225.
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adj. going well, smooth-going, of a horse, opp. to harð-gengr.
f. = góðfýsi.
and góð-girni, f. goodness, kindness, Fms. x. 368, Nj. 250, Grett. 106 A, Clem. 51, Fs. 29, 38.
a. benevolent, kind.
adj. benevolent, kind, Nj. 30, Fms. i. 76, ii. 19, Bs. i. 61, 66.
adv. kindly.
adv. kindly, Fms. iii. 48, vii. 148.
a. kind, kindly.
adj. kind, kindly, Nj. 255, Fms. viii. 101.
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a, m. a good neighbour, Sks. 226.
m. costly thing.
m. a costly thing, Fms. ii. 61, iii. 134, Fas. i. 394, Thom.
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adv. gently, quietly, Str.
f. good entertainment.
f. good cheer, good fare, cp. Dan. mundgodt, Str. 21.
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f. charity, Barl. 60, 71: mod. in pl. good cheer, hospitality. góðgörða-samr, adj. charitable; góðgörða-semi, f. charitableness.
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f. = góðgörningr, Hom. 128.
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m. a good deed, charity, 655 xxiii. 1, Fms. i. 142, vi. 272, Hom. 70, Stj. 25, 399, Bs. i. 109.
a. well-mannered.
part. well-mannered, Bs. i. 38.
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a, m. a good acquaintance.
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adj. on good terms.
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n. collect. a good, gentle woman.
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u, f. goodly womanhood, Jb. 64.
a. good-natured.
adj. good-natured, gentle, Pr. 429. góðlat-samr (góðlát-semi, f.), adj. id.
m. goodness.
m. (góð-leiki, a, m.), goodness, Fms. i. 141, 258, ii. 152, vii. 118, Stj. 374.
m. good life.
m. a good life, Stj. 120, Bs. i. 46.
n. good life.
n. a good life, 625. 183, Bs. i. 109.
n. good nature.
n. good nature, Str. 21.
a. good-natured.
adj. good-natured, Str. 21, Fas. i. 3.
adv. like a good man.
adv. like a good man, Fms. vi. 304, Bs., passim.
a. gentle.
adj. gentle, Bs. i. 874.
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adj. = góðorðr, Hým., or better goð-málugr (?).
n. a good, gentle man.
n. a good, gentle man, Sturl. i. 211, Fms. viii. 136.
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u, f. goodness, gentleness, Barl. 60 (freq.)
a. n. good people.
n. adj. good people, Eg. 201, Fms. ix. 293; vide fámennt.
adv. kindly, gently.
adv. (-ligr, adj.), kindly, gently, Sturl. 14.
a. gentle in one’s words.
adj. gentle in one’s words, Nj. 147.
a. giving good counsel.
adj. giving good counsel, Landn. 239, Fms. iv. 82, x. 266.
n. goodness.
n. goodness, Lv. 108, Fms. ii. 150.
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adj. well-mannered, Thom. 23.
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adj. worthy of good, Rd. 242.
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n. good, fine weather, 623. 21.
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adj. bounteous, kind, Hugvekju S. 28. 4.
f. kindness, good-will.
f. = góðvili, Nj. 15, Fms. i. 159, x. 234.
m. kindness, good-will.
a, m. good-will, Eg. 411, Fms. i. 74, 281, Sturl. i. 210; friðr á jörðu og mönnum góðvili, Luke ii. 14, in the text of 1540, but góðr vili (in two words) in the later texts.
COMPDS: góðviljafullr, góðviljamaðr, góðviljamikill.
a. benevolent.
part. benevolent, Barl. 200: willing, Fms. ii. 37.
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adv. willingly.
a. kind.
adj. kind, Magn. 474, Fs. 9: willing, ready, Anecd. 96.
n. = góðverk.
n. good work, Anecd. 96.
a. making good work.
(góð-yrkr), adj. painstaking, making good work, Nj. 55.
a. promising good.
adj. promising good, Band. 5.
adv. amicably.
adv. amicably, Sturl. i. 14.
a. of good family.
adj. of good family, Grett. 93 A.
f. the month Goi (from the middle of February to the middle of March).
f. indecl., always so in old writers, (gœ, i. e. góe, Bs. i. 9, v. 1.), mod. góa, u, f.; the month Gói has thirty days, from the middle of February to the middle of March; for the mythical origin of this word vide Fb. i. 22, Edda 103, Landn. 154, 225, Rb. 48, 50, Ann. 1276, 1340, Bs. i. 9, Ó. H. 64:—in Icel. the names of the winter months Þorri and Góa are still very common.
COMPDS: Góibeytlar, Góiblót, Góimánaðr, Góiþræll.
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m. pl., botan. equisetum vernum hyemale, Landn. 222.
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n. a sacrifice in the month Góa, Fb. l. c.
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m. the month Gói, Landn. 256, Rb. 516.
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m. the last day of the month Góa, see the Icel. almanack.
n.
1) floor;
2) apartment.
n. [Dan. gulv; Swed. golf], a floor, Vþm. 9, 11, 13, Nj. 2, Eg. 217, Fms. vi. 365, passim; kona liggr á gólfi, to be in childbirth; stein-gólf, a stone floor; fjala-gólf, a deal floor: gólf-stokkar, m. pl. floor beams, Eg. 90; gólf-þili, n. floor deals, Eg. 236, Hkr. i. 17, Hom. 95.
2. an apartment, Edda 2, Stj. 56, Dipl. v. 18, Gm. 24, Clar. 134, Mar.; this sense, which is more rare, is preserved in the Icel. staf-gólf, a room formed by a partition, an apartment; a room is divided into two, three, or more stafgólf.
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n. pl., metaph. the tongue, Anal. 177.
(-s, -ar), m.
1) the roof or floor of the mouth (efri or neðri g.); e-m berr mart á góma, one talks freely of many things; gæta tungu í báða góma, to keep guard on the tongue, speak warily;
2) finger-tip (á hendi heitir fingr, nagl, gómr).
1. m. [A. S. gôma, whence Engl. gums; O. H. G. guoma; Germ. gaumen; Dan. gane], the palate, Edda 20, Sks. 178: in the phrase, e-m berr mart á góma, to talk freely of many things, Fms. vi. 208, Grett. 148.
COMPDS: gómbein, gómsparri, gómaspjót.
2. m. a finger’s point, Edda 110: freq. fingrar-gómr, a finger’s end, Fs. 62.
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n. os palati, Fas. iii.
m. gag.
a, m. a gag, Edda 20.
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-tamr, adj. sweet, tickling to the palate, dainty.
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d, to stare sillily.
a. fine, pretty (gólig orð).
adj. gay, joyful, Eluc. 35, Hom. 50, 152, Fms. viii. 23; gólig föng, good cheer, Lex. Poët.
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or griddi, a, m. a bull, Fas. iii. 212, 499.
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m., Bk. 83, Vm. 6; or grallari, a, m., Am. 10, 40, Dipl. v. 18 (gradlari), Pm. 24, 80, Jm. 8, passim, which also is the mod. form, a gradual, a choral book.
a. entire, not castrated.
adj. entire, of cattle, Grág. i. 502, Gþl. 392, Lv. 18, Nj. 187.
COMPDS: graðfé, graðhafr, graðhestr, graðrót, graðsmali, graðuxi.
n. entire cattle.
n. entire cattle, Grág. i. 426, Fb. i. 545.
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m. a he-goat, Grág. i. 503.
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m. an entire horse, a stallion.
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f., botan. mandrake, Hjalt.
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a, m. = graðfé, Jb. 431.
(-s, -ar), m. bull.
mod. and less correct grið-ungr (both forms occur e. g. in Stj.), m. a bull, Grág. i. 426, ii. 122, Landn. 245, Eg. 506, Jb. 276, Bret. 8, Edda 148 (pref.), Stj. passim.
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a, m. a bull, Boldt. 168.
(gref; gróf, grófum; grafinn), v.
1) to dig (~ gröf);
~ torf, to dig peat;
fig. to seek out the sense of (~ vísu);
2) to earth, bury (~ lík);
3) to carve, engrave (døkkr steinn í ok grafit á innsigli);
4) to inlay;
fagr á liti, sem þá er fílsbein er grafit í eik, as when ivory is set in oak;
5) impers. to suppurate (lærit tók at ~ bæði uppi ok niðri);
6) with preps.:
~ at e-u, eptir e-u, to inquire into, try to flnd out;
also refl., ~st eptir e-u;
~ niðr, to dig down;
svá kyrr sem hann væri grafinn niðr, as if he had been rooted in the ground;
~ til e-s, to dig for (~ til vatns);
~ um e-t = ~ eptir e-u;
gróf hann svá undir þeim, at, he sounded them so that;
~ e-t upp, to find out.
pret. gróf; pres. gref; part. grafinn, with neg. suffix gróf-at, Fas. i. 436 (in a verse): [Ulf. graban = σκάπτειν; A. S. grafan; North. E. to grave; Germ. graben; Swed. grafva; Dan. grave]:—to dig; grafa engi sitt, to drain one’s field, Grág. ii. 181; jörðin var grafin í hám fjallatindum, Edda 144; en er vatnit gróf tvá vega þá féllu bakkarnir, Ó. H. 18; grafa til vatns, id.; grafa út ósinn, Bs. i. 331; þá er þeir höfðu út grafit fitna (dug through it), Ó. H. 18; g. gröf, to dig a grave, 623. 28, Eg. 300; grafa niðr, to dig down, Grág. ii. 351; hann (the horse) var svá kyrr, sem hann væri grafinn niðr, as if he had been rooted in the ground, Hrafn. 7; g. torf, to dig peat, Njarð. 370, Rm. 12; g. upp, to dig up; þeir grófu upp líkamina, Nj. 86; g. upp bein, K. Þ. K. 40, N. G. L. i. 44; grafa alone, Fms. iv. 110: reflex, to bury (hide) oneself, hanu grófsk í brúkit, he hid himself in the seaweed, Njarð. 380; var grafinn lykill (the key was hid) í dyra-gætti, Störnu-Odd. 20.
2. to earth, bury (Old Engl. en-grave); vóru þá allir ríkis-menn í hauga lagðir en öll alþýða grafin í jörð, Ó. …
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from gröf, grave.
vide gröf, a grave.
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m. a Norse law term; if freed slaves married against their master’s will, and became paupers, the master might put them into an open grave till one died, when the survivor was taken out. The tale of Svaði digging a grave for the poor, Fms. ii. 222, refers no doubt to this cruel law, which is described in N. G. L. i. 33, but not recorded elsewhere.
II. generally a proletarian, N. G. L. i. 97.
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m. an engraver, Stj. 158.
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m. or f. expounding, Stj. 412.
II. a local name, Graveling, in Flanders, Thom.
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n. a burial day, 625. 194.
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u, f. a church with a burying-ground, K. Þ. K. 24, Grág. i. 464, H. E. i. 474, N. G. L. i. 345.
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m. a burial-place, Stj. 134.
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m. id., Stj. 421, N. G. L. i. 368.
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f. burial time, 1812. 48.
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f. pl., in the phrase, ganga í grafgötur um e-t, to make a close enquiry about.
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adj. quiet as if rooted to the spot.
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n. an epitaph.
n. hidden treasure.
n. a buried treasure, Landn. 146, 243.
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f. an epitaph, (mod.)
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m. a battering swine = a battering ram, Sks. 412.
n. pl. digging tools.
n. pl. digging tools, Eg. 398, Eb. 176, Bs. i. 331, Fms. vi. 271.
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m., poët. a serpent, Lex. Poët.
I)
a. wroth, angry (~ e-m).
II)
(-s, -ir), m. king, warrior.
adj. [mid. H. G. gram; Dan. gram; gramr and grimmr (q. v.) are kindred words from a lost strong verb, grimman, gramm]:—wrath, esp. of the gods, in the heathen oath formula, sé mér goð holl ef ek satt segi, gröm ef ek lýg, whence the Christian, Guð sé mér hollr ef ek satt segi, gramr ef ek lýg, N. G. L. ii. 397, 398, (cp. the Engl. so help me God); goð gramt, Grág. i. 357: esp. in poetry, gramr er yðr Óðinn, Fas. i. 501; mér skyli Freyr gramr, Fs. 95; Dönum vóru goð gröm, Fms. vi. 385.
II. gramir or gröm, n. pl. used as subst., fiends, demons; deili gröm við þik, Hkv. Hund. 1. 40; taki nú allir (allar MS.) gramir við honum! (a curse), Fs. 147; gramir munu taka þik, segir hann, er þú gengr til banans, Mork. 43; farþú nú, þars þik hafi allan gramir, Hbl. (fine); mik taki hár gálgi ok allir gramir ef ek lýg, Fas. i. 214; hence gramendr, f. pl., qs. grama hendr: farið ér í svá gramendr allir! Dropl. 23, (vide tröll, tröllendr); glama með grömum, Hm. 30.
III. in poetry, gramr means a king, warrior, Edda 104, Hkr. i. 25, Lex. Poët.: name of a mythical sword, Edda.
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adj. dire, Art. 109.
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adj. vexatious, Hom. 143.
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n. a pine-tree, Lex. Poët.; but better fem. grön, q. v.
n. hurt, injury (gera, vinna, e-m ~).
n. a grain, Thom.; ekki grand, not a grain.
II. metaph. (prop. a mote?), a hurt, injury, Fms. iii. 80, viii. 112, xi. 228, 277, N. G. L. i. 74 (freq.)
2. in poetry freq. that which causes evil, ruin, Lex. Poët.
3. evil doing, guile, Symb. 19, Skv. 3. 5: granda-lauss, adj. guileless, Lex. Poët.
4. medic. mortification, Al. 120.
(að), v. to injure, do harm (engi ~ði öðrum).
að, to hurt, damage, with dat., Fms. i. 31, Sks. 69, Fas. iii. 250, Bs. ii. III (freq.)
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a, m. an isthmus, a strip of beach above the water at ebb tides, or on the edge of the snow, Gþl. 419, Stj. 14, Mar.
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adv. without guile, Hom. 141.
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adj. (-liga, adv.), minute, (mod.)
a. guileless.
(mod. grann-laus), adj. guileless, Bær. 21, Al. 106: esp. suspecting no evil, single-minded, eg var grannlaus, etc.; hence grann-leysi, n. singleness of heart, eg gerði það í grannleysi.
a. dangerous, injurious.
adj. dangerous, Grett. 145.
a. guileless.
adj. guileless, 656 C. 30, Pr. 133, Mar. 291.
f. guilelessness.
f. guilelessness, Róm. 332, Bs. ii. 40, Stj. 302, Hom. 17.
f. neighbour.
u, f. a female neighbour, Str. 16, 23.
m. neighbour.
a, m. [for etym. see p. 186 A. II], a neighbour, N. G. L. i. 11, 341; granna-stefna, a meeting of neighbours, Gþl. 383; granna sætt, 380: the saying, garðr er granna sættir, N. G. L. i. 40, cp. Jb. 258, (freq.)
a. thin, slender.
adj., compar. grennri and grannari, [as to etym., grannr is prob. akin to grein, a branch, hence the long vowel (vide II); but both are different from grœenn, green, which is from gróa]:—thin, slender, very freq. in mod. usage, = Lat. gracilis, epithet of a lady, Edda 85 (in a verse); mittis-grannr, thin in the waist: in gramm. single, of vowels, opp. to digr, of diphthongs; þat hljóð er grannara, Skálda 177: neut. grannt, adv. nicely; ör-grannt, id.
II. it appears with a long vowel in grón (or gŕn, qs. grönn) ván, thin, slender hope, Gísl. 66 (in a verse); friðv́n segi gŕna (granna), Sturl. iii. 216 (in a verse); and perhaps also in grón lind, a thin, slender shield, Edda 106 (in a verse).
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adj. slender, tiny, Korm. (in a verse).
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adj. silly, of weak understanding.
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u, f. = granna, N. G. L. i. 340.
m. slenderness.
(-leiki), m. slenderness, Bs. ii. 164.
a. thin-faced.
adj. thin looking, Ld. 274, Fms. i. 185.
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adv. tenderly, Skálda 198.
a. slim, slender of build (ungr ok ~ á vöxt).
adj. slender of build, Edda 81, Ld. 274, Eg. 486, Eb. 42.
pp. slender, slim of figure (hár á vöxt ok g.).
part. slender of stature, Fms. vii. 175, Bs. ii. 164.
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adj. thin-witted, silly.
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n. the bone of a fish’s gills, Bs. i. 365.
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n. grinning, moving the lips with pain, N. G. L. i. 67: granbragðs-eyrir, m. a law term, a fine for an injury causing the pain of granbragð, 172.
a. red-bearded.
adj. [grön], red bearded, a nickname = Barbarossa. Fms. xii.
m. bearded seal.
m. a kind of seal, Sks., Fms. ii. 270.
a. long bearded.
adj. long bearded, Akv. 34.
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m. [cp. Dan. grönskolling], = Lat. puber, Róm. 304.
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n. the lips, where the beard grows, Eg. 304.
n. grass, herbage, herb.
n. [Ulf. gras = χόρτος, λάχανον; A. S. græs and gærs; Engl. grass; Germ. gras; Swed. and Dan. gras]:—grass, herbage, opp. to wood, trees, Vsp. 3, Fm. 25, Hm. 20; hrísi ok grasi, 120; grös ok viðu, Rb. 78; fölr sem gras, Nj. 177; góðir landa-kostir at grösum ok skógum, Fs. 26; svá er sagt, at á Grænlandi eru grös góð, good pastures, Sks. 44 new Ed.; reyta gras, to pick grass, Nj. 118; þar var náliga til grass at ganga (better görs), Ld. 96; bíta gras, to graze, Grág. ii. 299; gras grær, grass grows, Edda 145 (pref.); tak af reiðinginn ok fær hestinn á gras, Sturl. iii. 114; þú ætlaðir mik þat lítilmenni at ek munda hirða hvar hestar þínir bitu gras, Fs. 57; þar þótti Grelöðu hunangs-ilmr ór grasi, Landn. 140: vegetation, in such phrases as, þar sem mætist gras ok fjara, grass and beach, Dipl. iii. 11: the grassy earth, opp. to a wilderness or the sea, þat var í ofanverðum grösum, high up, near the wilderness, Dropl. 33; allt austr undir jökla sem grös eru vaxin, Landn. 65:—phrases, hníga í gras, to bite the dust, Ísl. ii. 366; mun ek hafa mann fyrir mik áðr ek hníga at grasi, Njarð. …
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að, to collect moss.
pp. prepared with herbs.
part. prepared with herbs (of mead), Ó. H. 71, Barl. 136.
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n., in the phrase, fara á grasafjall, to go gathering moss.
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n. folk gathering moss.
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m. a porridge of Iceland moss.
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f. herb-gathering, Pm. 7.
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f. milk cooked with Iceland moss.
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a, m. a grass-poke, of Iceland moss. ☞ In derivative compds, blá-gresi, geranium; star-gresi, sedge; íll-gresi, evil grass, weeds; blóm-gresi, flowers, etc.
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m. a ‘grass-biter,’ a beast, brute, Nj. (in a verse), freq.
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m. a grass-plot.
m. grassy dale.
m. a grassy dale, Karl. 14.
m. garden.
m. a garden, Hkr. i. 71, Gþl. 178, Fas. i. 530: hortus, þat köllum vér g., Stj. 68, Bs. i. 698, N. T., Pass. (Gethsemane). grasgarðs-maðr, m. a gardener, D. N.
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part. grassy, fertile.
f. pl. grassy lanes.
f. pl. grassy lanes, Hrafn. 20.
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a, m. a grass goar, strip of grass.
a. n. with good crop of grass.
n. adj. a good crop of grass, Fb. i. 522.
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adj. grass-green, Sks. 49.
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a, m. a grass pasture.
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n. grass kind, the species ‘grass,’ Stj. 389.
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m. a kind of leek, garlic, Hom. 150.
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adj. without grass, barren.
f. failure of grass.
(-lausa), u, f. ‘grasslessness,’ barren ground; í graslausu, Grág. i. 383, Sturl. i. 121, 127, ii. 128, Ann. 1181.
n. failure of grass.
n. barrenness, Sturl.
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adj. grassy, Hom. 37.
a. thick with grass.
adj. rich in grass, Ld. 156, Fas. iii. 276; mýrar víðar ok grasloðnar, Bs. i. 118; but gras-loðnur, f. pl. a rich crop, 306, l. c.
a. lying in the grass.
adj. lying in the grass, touching the grass, Hkr. i. 293, (of a ship’s keel); a scythe is called graslægr, if it cuts too close.
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m. a grass maggot.
a. rich in grass.
adj. rich in grass, Konr. 56.
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f. the use of grass (grazing), Grág. ii. 222, Jb. 215, Vm. 48, 79.
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n. grass-stealing, N. G. L. i. 40. grasráns-baugr, m. a law term, a fine payable for grazing one’s cattle in another’s field, N. G. L. i. 40, Js. 99.
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f. pl. roots of herbs or grass, Bs. ii. 81, Sks. 48.
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n. ‘grass-farming,’ opp. to sowing and tilling; þrjú ár seri hann jörðina ok fjórða sat hann gras-setri, D. N. ii. 248.
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a, m. loss in crop, D. N.
f. grass-fever.
f. grass-fever, in a pun, Fb. ii. 365.
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m. greensward.
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m. grass-top, Bb. 2. 23.
f. grassy spot among cliffs.
f. a strip of grass among rocks or in a wilderness, Fbr. 156.
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part. grown with grass, Str. 4, Gþl. 405.
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n. a fine for grazing, = grasránsbaugr, Gþl. 405.
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m. a kind of willow, salix herbacea, Hjalt.
m. grassy field.
m. a grassy plain, Str. 4, Art.
m. growth of grass.
m. growth of grass, crop.
m. porridge-pot.
m. a porridge-pot, Fbr. 209.
f. ‘porridge-fever’.
f. porridge fever, a pun, Fms. v. 93.
n. porriage-trough.
n. and grautar-trygill, m. a porridge trough, mash trough, Fms. vi. 364, Eb. 36.
f. porriage-stick.
u, f. a ladle to stir the porridge in cooking, Eb. 198: töðugjalda-grautr, a harvest porridge, supper of porridge.
(gen. -ar), m. porriage.
m., gen. grautar, [A. S. grut, gryt; Engl. groats; Dan. gröd; Swed. gröt; Ivar Aasen graut; hence Germ. grütze]:—porridge, a favourite mess with Scandin. peasants, see the tale of Grautar-Halli, answering to Germ. Hanswurst, N. G. L. i. 349, Korm. 150, Eb. ch. 13, 39, Fas. iii, Eg. S. Einh. ch. 5, Fms. vi. 363 sqq. (porridge eaten with butter): a pudding, Fms. ii. 163: the phrase, gera graut, to make porridge, Eb.; hefja graut, to lift (i. e. to eat) graut, Fms. vi. l. c.: a nickname, Dropl. 3.
COMPDS: grautarketill, grautarsótt, grautartrog, grautarþvara.
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m. a nickname, porridge nose, Sturl.
f. step; fig. degree.
u, f. [Lat. gradus], a step, Stj. passim, Fms. vi. 267, vii. 97, Skálda 209: in mod. usage esp. the steps round the altar in a church: metaph. degree, Stj. 8: mathem. a degree, Rb. 458, 460; í gráðu eru sextigi minuta, Hb. 732. 7.
I)
m. gentle breeze.
II)
m. step, degree = gráða.
a, m. [grár; Ivar Aasen graae], a breeze curling the waves, Edda (Gl.): in mod. usage fem. gráð, það er gráð á sjónum:—bad grey butter is called gráði, borinn var innar bruðningr og gráði, Snót 216.
m. greed, hunger.
m. [Ulf. grêdus = λιμός; Engl. greed], prop. hunger, freq. in Lex. Poët.; úlfa gráðr = úlfa sultr: greed, gluttony, Bs. ii. 137, Róm. 184, Sks. 113 B (gráði); hel-gráðr, voracity presaging death; ok er nú kominn á þik helgráðr er þú hyggsk öll ríki munu undir þik leggja (of insatiable ambition as presaging downfall), Fas. i. 372; cp. hel-fíkr, id., 385; (these passages are paraphrases from old lost poems.)
a. greedy (g. ormr).
adj. [Ulf. grêdags; A. S. grædig; Engl. greedy; O. H. G. grâtag]:—greedy; g. logi, Stj. 385; g. elska, Hom. 84; g. ágirni, id.; g. halr, a glutton, Hm. 19; g. búkr, a gluttonous belly, Bb. I. 5; g. vargar, Bs. ii. 134.
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adv. (-ligr, adj.), greedily, Mar., Magn. 420.
f. wild goose.
f. a ‘grey goose,’ a wild goose, Edda (Gl.), Þiðr. 347.
II. metaph. the name of a Norse code of laws in Drontheim (Frostaþingslög), prob. from the grey binding or from being written with a goose quill, Fms. viii. 277 (Sverr. S.), Hkr. iii. 23; cp. Gullfjöðr, gold feather, gold quill, name of an eccl. code; or Hryggjar-stykki, a kind of duck, but also the name of a book.
2. in later times (in the 16th century) the name Grágás was misapplied to an old MS. of Icel. laws of the Commonwealth time, the present Cod. Arna-Magn. 134 folio, or Sb., and has since been made to serve as a collective name for all Icel. laws framed before the union with Norway, sometimes including, sometimes excluding the eccl. law (Kristinna-laga þáttr = K. Þ. K.); the whole matter is fully treated by Maurer, s. v. ‘Graagaas,’ in Ersch and Gruber’s Encyclopedia; he makes out that the Icel. of the Commonwealth, although they had written laws, had no code, and that the passage in Íb. ch. 10 does not refer to codification, but to the committal of oral laws to writing; the two vellum MSS., the Kb. and Sb., are merely private collections of the 13th century, and differ very much one from the other. …
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(að), v. to become grey, fig. to grow rough (tekr at g. gamanit).
að, to become grey, metaph. to be coarse and spiteful; tekr at grána gamanit, the play began to be coarse, Sturl. i. 21, (græðna, v. l.)
(að), v. to become grey, fig. to grow rough (tekr at g. gamanit).
u, f. a grey mare. Gráni, a, m. a grey horse: the mythol. horse of Sigurð Fáfnis-bani is prob. to be proncd. thus, not Grani.
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n. a storm, sleet; grund var grápi hrundin, Haustl. 15; Egils hryn-gráp, the hail of Egil, poët. arrows; Egil, brother of Völund, is the Tell of the northern mythology, vide Lex. Poët.; in prose this word seems not to occur, whereas krap, n. sleet (q. v.), and krapi, a, m. id., are common words; cp, the mod. grape-shot.
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að, [grípa], to pilfer, Stj. 78, 154, 167.
(grá, grátt), a.
1) grey (í grám kyrtli); g. fyrir hærum, grey-haired; grátt silfr, bad silver;
2) spiteful, malicious; þó at í brjósti grátt búi, although bearing malice in the heart.
adj., contr. acc. grán, dat. grám, etc. [A. S. græg; Engl. gray or grey; O. H. G. graw; Germ. grau; Dan. graa; Swed. grå]:—grey; grám vaðmálum, Fms. i. 118; í grám kyrtli, Ísl. ii. 218; gjalda rauðan belg fyrir grán, Nj. 141; grár fyrir hærum, grey, hoary, Fms. vi. 95, Fas. ii. 557; grár fyrir járnum, mailed in grey steel, of armour, Mag. 98: grá þoka, grey fog: of silver, grátt silfr, grey, false silver, opp. to skírt (true) silver, whence the phrase, elda grátt silfr, to play bad tricks.
II. metaph. spiteful, Bjarn. 3; þó at í brjósti grátt búi, although bearing malice in the heart, Str.; cp. grá-lyndr, as also grá-beinn, grá-dýri, of the wolf: neut. grátt, basely, Ísl. ii. 467.
(græt; grét, grétum; grátinn), v.
1) to weep; g. hástöfum, to weep aloud;
2) to bewail, weep for one (þú grætr góðan mann).
grét, grátið, pres. græt, with neg. suff. grátt-at-tu, weep not thou, Hkv. Hjörv. 41; [Ulf. grêtan; A. S. grætan; Hel. greotan; lost in mod. Engl., but used in North. E. and Scot. to greit or greet = weep; Swed. gråta; Dan. græde; Ivar Aasen graata]:—to greit, weep; grét Þórir, en Sigmundr mælti, grátum eigi, frændi, munum lengr, Fær. 33; Freyja grætr eptir, en tár hennar eru gull rautt, Edda 21; hón tók at gráta ok svaraði engu, Nj. 11; hvárt grætr þú nú Skarphéðinn, 202; hón greiddi hárit frá augum sér ok grét; Flosi mælti, skapþungt er þér nú, frændkona, er þú grætr, 176, cp. Edda 38, 39; fár er fagr ef grætr, Fb. i. 566; hversu bersk Auðr af um bróður-dauðann, grætr hón mjök? Gísl. 24, 62; gráta sáran, to ‘greit sore,’ Ísl. ii. 103; gráta hástöfum, to weep aloud; hón mátti eigi stilla sik ok grét hástöfum, Nj. 27; gráta beiskliga, to weep bitterly, N. T.; gráta fögrum tárum, to weep fair tears (cp. θαλερόν δάκρυ), to ‘greit sore;’ gráta fegins-tárum, to weep tears of joy.
II. trans. to bewail, weep for one, 677. 1; þó er þat vel er þú grætr góðan mann, Nj. …
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pp. tearful.
part., vide gráta III.
m. weeping; setr grát at e-m, one bursts into tears.
m. [Dan. graad; Swed. gråt], ‘greiting,’ weeping, Edda 37, Fms. i. 138, Rb. 332, Bret. 68, Mar. gráta-guð, n. the weeping goddess, Freyja, Edda.
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d, to implore, beg with tears.
a. beautiful in tears.
adj. beautiful in tears (epithet of Freyja), Edda 63.
a. weeping for Joy.
adj. weeping for joy, Ld. 82, Fms. vi. 235, Bs. ii. 132.
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adj. prone to weeping.
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n. sobbing, choked tears.
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adv. piteously.
a. pitiable, deplorable.
adj. pitiable, Hom. 11: piteous, Fms. ii. 223.
f. tearful voice.
n. a weeping voice, Nj. 82, Fms. vii. 38.
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adj. piteous, Mar. 12.
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m. pl. weeping, crying aloud.
pp. bathed in tears.
part. bathed in tears; g. augu, Bs. ii. 28.
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f. a cause of tears, Mar. 28.
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adj. needing tears, needing repentance by tears, Hom. 38.
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m. ‘grey-back,’ poët. a dragon, Edda.
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a, m. grey-beard, a cognom., Fms. ix.
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adj. [graabein in the Norse tales], ‘grey-leg,’ i. e. the wolf, D. N. i. 199.
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adj. with grey-spotted cheeks, of a sheep, Rd. 240.
m. grey bear, opp. to hvítabjörn.
m. a grey bear, opp. to white bear, Fb. i. 257, Fas. i. 51.
a. grey-eyed.
adj. grey-eyed, Grett. III A.
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m. a grey furred cloak, Hkr. i. 176: a nickname, id., whence Gráfeldar drápa, name of a poem, id.
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n. and grá-fygla, u, f. = grágás II. 2.
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adj. hoary, with grey hairs.
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f. gnaphalium montanum, Björn.
pp. grey-clad.
part. grey-clad, Sturl. ii. 190.
a. grey and without horns.
adj. grey and ‘humble’ (i. e. without horns), of sheep, Gullþ. 19. grá-kolla, u, f. a grey humble ewe.
m. grey cowl.
m. a grey cowl, Fb. ii. 333.
m. malice.
m. malice, trickery, Bs. i. 809, Fb. i. 408, Barl. 117.
a. pale-looking.
adj. pale-looking, pinched, Bs. i. 797.
adv. with malice.
adv. spitefully, with malice, Nj. 71, Mar.
a. malicious.
adj. malicious, cruel; g. leikr, rude play, Stj. 497. 2 Sam. ii. 16, Fms. x. 445.
a. spiteful, malicious.
and grá-lundaðr, adj. pettish, malicious, Bs. i. 646, Valla L. 205, Nj. 38.
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a, m. ‘grey-maw,’ a stone grig, cyclopterus, Bjarn. 42, 43.
m. grey friar.
m. a grey friar, Fms. ix. 377, x. 127, 128, Sturl. iii. 209.
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m. a ‘grey penny,’ a false coin, Karl. 247.
a. grey-striped.
part. grey-striped, Gísl. 156.
n. grey (bad) silver.
n. grey (bad) silver, brass; bera af e-m sem gull af grásilfri. Gkv. 2. 2; cp. the mod. phrase, sem gull af eiri,—the old language has no special word for brass, eir being derived from Latin.
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u, f, name of a spear, grey steel, Gísl.
n. grey fur.
n. grey fur, Fms. vii. 74, Grett. 61, Jb. 187.
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part. lined with grey fur, Sks. 228.
a. covered with grey clouds.
part. covered with grey clouds, Sks. 228.
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or gró-slappi, a, m., mod. grá-sleppa, u, f. a female stone grig, cyclopterus: a nickname, Ld.
m. a grey stone (til grásteins hins mikla).
m. grey-stone, Bjarn. 64: a kind of stone, Ivar Aasen.
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m. ‘grey-titling,’ a kind of sparrow.
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m. a grey falcon, H. E. i. 391, Art.
f. grey fur (harm hafði fengit á fjallinu mikla grávöru).
u, f. grey fur, Eg. 69, 575, Ó. H. 134.
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m. ‘grey-withy,’ a kind of willow.
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= reður (?), Sturl. ii. 39.
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m. a little hoe, Landn. 293, v. l.
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u, f. a kind of bier (?), Sturl. ii. 223.
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m., grefi, acc. pl., Róm. 167, [grafa], ‘a digger,’ a hoe, Landn. 141, 293, Vm. 87, Stj. 451, N. G. L. iii. 2, 10, Bk. 83: the phrase, hafa e-n í grefi fyrir sik, cp. hafa e-n fyrir grjótpál, to have another for one’s hoe, use him as a tool, Róm. l. c.: in mod. usage called járn-karl or páll.
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m. = grefill, Landn. 293, v. l.
(-fta, -ft), v. to bury (greftraðr at fornum sið).
t, [gröftr, grafa], to earth, bury, Fms. i. 241, Karl. 551, Trist. 14: part. greftr, Bs. i. 426. Stj. 112, 228.
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m. = gröftr, burial, Karl. 263.
(að), v. to bury (~ðr at fornum sið).
að, = grefta, Fms. x. 208, Fær. 187, Sturl. i. 112; part. greftraðr, buried, Mar. passim.
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f. burial, freq. in mod. usage, Pass. 50.
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m. a law term, a kind of freedman, intermediate between a freedman and a slave, a freedman, but whose freedom is not published from the thingvold and who has not been ‘leiddr í lög,’ defined in Grág. i. 358.
(-dda, -ddr), v.
1) to unravel, disentangle, arrange; g. hár, to comb or dress the hair; greiddi hón hárit frá augum sér, she stroked back the hair from her eyes;
2) to make or get ready (g. segl); g. til vað, to get ready a fishing line; g. til um vápn to get the weapons ready;
3) to speed, further (g. ferð e-s);
refl., greiddist honum vel, it sped well with him, he got on well;
4) to pay (g. fé af hendi); g. fram, to pay out;
5) to discharge, perform; g. skírslu af höndum, to perform the ordeal; g. vörð, to keep watch; g. róðr, to pull at the oars; g. atróðr, g. til atlögu, to attack (in a sea-fight); g. mál, to settle a case.
u, f. a comb; hár-greiða, a hair comb.
(-dda, -ddr), v.
1) to unravel, disentangle, arrange; g. hár, to comb or dress the hair; greiddi hón hárit frá augum sér, she stroked back the hair from her eyes;
2) to make or get ready (g. segl); g. til vað, to get ready a fishing line; g. til um vápn to get the weapons ready;
3) to speed, further (g. ferð e-s);
refl., greiddist honum vel, it sped well with him, he got on well;
4) to pay (g. fé af hendi); g. fram, to pay out;
5) to discharge, perform; g. skírslu af höndum, to perform the ordeal; g. vörð, to keep watch; g. róðr, to pull at the oars; g. atróðr, g. til atlögu, to attack (in a sea-fight); g. mál, to settle a case.
dd, [Ulf. garaidjan = διατάττειν, 1 Cor. xvi. i, Tit. i. 5, and προτίθεσθαι, Ephes. i. 9; A. S. gerædan; North. E. (see Atkinson’s Cleveland Glossary) to graith = to furnish or equip; in Icel. greiða and reiða seem to be only a double form of the same word, the former having kept the prefixed g; in sense they are akin, cp. Dan. rede, Swed. reda, and see greiðr]:—to arrange, disentangle; greiða hár, to comb or dress the hair; Hildigunnr greiddi hárit frá augum sér, H. combed or stroked back the hair from her eyes, Nj. 176; þá tók konungr þar laugar, ok let greiða (comb) hár sitt, Fms. i. 189; en hón hafði hendr at, ok greiddi lokka hans, Karl. 532; sem fyrst er hann var greiddr (combed), Mar. 161; ógreitt hár, unkempt hair; greiða ull, to comb or card wool, Bret. 30, 32.
2. to make or get ready; greiða segl, to make the sail ready, Sturl. i. 118; g. vað, to make the fishing-line ready, Edda 36; g. net, a fishing term:—also intrans. to get ready, g. til um e-t, to get ready for a thing, i. e. get it ready; …
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m.
1) disentanglement, arrangement; gera greiða á málinu, to put the case right; skipaðist lítt til greiða með þeim, nothing was settled between them;
2) entertainment, accomadation; gera e-m greiða, to give one entertainment.
a, m. [Ulf. garaideins = διαταγή, κανών, δόγμα], disentanglement, arrangement, ordering; mun hann ekki fýsa Önund at göra greiða á málinu, to put the case right, Eg. 366; þau tóku lítið af hans máli til greiða, Fms. viii. 17; skipaðisk lítt til greiða með þeim, nothing was settled between them, Bs. i. 752, Sturl. i. 239 C; ok er honum þótti ráð hennar mjök seinkask til greiða, there was no change for the better in her state, Bs. i. 158; fara at greiða, to go on well, N. G. L. i. 137; Þrándr segir at þat var skylt ok heimilt, at hann gerði þann greiða á fyrir konungs orð sem hann mátti, that he discharged it for the king’s sake as well as he could, Fms. iv. 344; bændr gerðu þar engan greiða á, vi. 333; Leifr spurði hverr greiði á mundi verða um silfr þat, L. asked if the money would be paid, Fær. 215.
2. entertainment; vera má at þér þyki alkeypt, at þú vildir engan greiða göra oss, that thou wouldest give us no entertainment, Eb. 266; þar höfðu þeir greiða-dvöl, they baited there, waited for refreshment, Eg. 564, v. 1.; Þorkell fagnar þeim vel, ok býðr þeim greiða, Fbr. 97 new Ed.; þeir heilsuðu Þorgilsi, en bjóða honum engan greiða, Sturl. …
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m. = greiði, N. G. L. ii. 431: a furtherer, Lex. Poët.
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að, to speed, quicken; g. sporið.
(greið greitt), a.
1) clear, free from obstacles (greið leið, gata);
2) ready to serve (góðr ok ~ við alla sína nágranna).
adj. [cp. North. E. gradely], ready, free; vísa e-m á greiða götu, to lead one in the straight path, Fms. i. 304; lá honum þat greitt fyrir, it was ready at hand, Fær. 257; verða má, at leiðin verði eigi svá greið sem þeir ætla, that the passage will not be so free as they think, Sturl. i. 18: as adv., skip þat fór greitt, that ship speedeth well, Clem. 38; it greizta, 45; hit greiðasta, straight, with good speed, Fms. i, 292; hann er góðr ok greiðr (expedite) við alla sína nágranna, Band. 3; g. ok góðviljugr, D. N. i. 88; úgreiðr, unready, entangled.
f. = greizla.
(greizla), u, f. payment, discharge, Sturl. ii. 203, iii. 265, Am. 40; ef þat væri til greiðslu með þeim, if that could do them good, Sturl. ii. 239.
a. indecl. walking with speed.
adj. walking with speed, Ísl. ii. 469.
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adj. speeding well: neut. passable, of a road, Ísl. ii. 410, Eg, 239: easy, Fms. ii. 84.
a. = greiðfœrr (eigi er hér greiðgengt).
adj. = greiðfærr, Eg. 239.
adv.
1) readily, promptly;
2) quite; ~ berr, completely stripped;
3) downright, actually (þó at engir menn bæri vápn á mik greið-liga).
(greiðu-liga, B. K. 118), adv. readily, promptly, North. E. ‘gradely,’ Sturl. i. 155, Fms. v. 306, Hkr. iii. 6: quite, downright, actually, þeir eru eptir tveir menn þeir er g. (actually) vóru at víginu, Bjarn. 72; g. berr, quite stripped off, Fb. ii. 139; þó at engir menn bæri vápn á mik g. (downright), Bs. i. 580; ekki vígi ek vötnin g. (really), 575; eigi er ek g. í heyþroti, I am not actually without hay, Ísl. ii. 137.
a.
1) ready, prompt; var söngrinn eigi ~, the song did not go smoothly;
2) clear, plain (greiðlig orð).
adj. ready, prompt; var söngrinn eigi g., the song did not go smoothly, Fms. vii. 152; greiðlig kaupstefna, Þorf. Karl. 402; ok er miklu greiðligra, at …, more to the purpose, that …, Nj. 92, v. 1.; görit greiðligt fyrir mér (speak out plain to one) hvat yðr býr í skapi, Grett. 146; göra e-m greiðlig orð, to make plain words of it, Fb. i. 64.
pp. of ready speech.
part. of ready speech, Þiðr. 175.
m.
1) readiness, promptness;
2) entertainment.
m. readiness, promptness, Nj. 18, Fms. ii, 287, Jb. 12; entertainment, Korm. 68, Fms. iii. 61.
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part. = greiðmæltr, Stj. 253.
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adj. = greiðvikinn.
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adj. serving, obliging; greið-vikni, f.
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a, m. [A. S. gerêfa; Engl. reeve (shire-reeve = sheriff); Germ. graf; the word is not Scandin., and for the etym. see Grimm’s Rechts-alterth. 752 sqq.]:—an earl, count; Edda 93 states that gerêfas in Saxony (i. e. Germany), barons in England (after the Conquest), and lendir menn in Norway are all synonymous; Nj. 157, Fms. vii. 59, 60, Mar. passim: Stj., Al., and Róm. render Lat. praefectus by greifi: as a nickname, Bs. i. 555. greifa-dómr, m. an earldom, county, Ann. 216, Stj.
(pl. -ir), f.
1) branch (of a tree), division;
2) point, head, part (í öllum ~um); í annarri g., in the second place;
3) cause, reason; fyrir þá g., therefore;
4) distinction; sjá ~ handa, to discern one’s hands; gera ~ á e-u, to explain;
5) understanding, discernment; gløggrar ~ar, sharpwitted;
6) dissent, discord (varð mart til ~a með þeim); vald fyrir utan alla g., undisputed (absolute) power.
f., pl. ar and ir; the mod. pl. greinar means branches, in other senses greinir: [Dan. green; Swed. gren; not found in Germ., Saxon, nor Engl.]:
I. prop. a branch of a tree, ‘lim’ is the foliage; af hverri grein draup hunang sætt, Pass. 32. 4; vínviðar-greinir, vine branches, Stj, 200; pálma-viðar-g., a palm branch; kvíslask með stórum greinum, spread with large branches, Sks. 441, 443; þar vex fyrst upp einn bulr af rótunum, ok kvíslast síðan með mörgum greinum ok limum, 555.
II. metaph. a branch, arm:
1. hafs grein, an arm of the sea, Stj. 287; í sjau staði er skipat þessarar listar greinum, Alg.; vísinda grein, branch of science (Germ. fach); lærdóms-grein, branch of doctrine; sundr-skiptingar grein, subdivision, Stj. 287; tvífaldleg grein, double kind, N. G. L. ii. 352; þessi er grein (particulars) á kaupeyris tíund, id.; sannkenningar hafa þrenna grein, Edda 122; Guð er einn í Guðdómi en þrennr í grein (of the Trinity), Fas. iii. 662; einkanligr í grein, Bs. ii. 21; allar greinir loptsins ok jarðarinnar, Edda 144 (pref.); hann greindi í tvær greinir ok tuttugu, Rb. …
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(-da, -dr), v.
1) to divide into parts (veröldin var greind í þrjár hálfur);
2) to discern, distinguish (g. gang himintungla);
3) to expound, tell, record; sem áðr er greint, as is told above; sem síðarr greinir, as will be told hereafter;
4) impers., menn (acc.) greinir á, they disagree, quarrel;
5) refl., ~st, to branch out, be separated (svá sem tungurnar greindust); g. á e-u, at e-u, to disagree about; impers., tók at g. með þeim kumpánum, they began to quarrel.
d, to branch:
I. to divide into branches; veröldin var greind í þrjár hálfur, Edda (pref.); sá er greinir ok sundr skilr, Stj. 95; greina í sundr dag ok nátt; greina tíma, daga, 15; skaltú hana (the ark) með gólfum greina, 56; hann greindi skepnuna í tvær greinir, Rb. 78; var þá engi skepna greind önnur frá annarri, Ver. i; hanu greindi (set apart) þá tíð (viz. Lent) meirr til meinlæta en aðrar, 625. 93; heimrinn allr greindr í þrjá þriðjunga (of a map), Al. 117.
2. to discern, distinguish; máttir þú greina þann Guð, er á himnum er, frá þeim guðum, er …, 625. 65; ef greina má þeirra bein frá annarra manna beinum, N. G. L. ii. 351; þá skilr hann ok greinir alla hluti görr, Skálda 169; at greina hvern lim eða kvist þeirrar ræðu, Sks. 568; greina gang himintungla, Fms. v. 334; hljóð þat sem eyru megu greina, Skálda 173; grein þér vitrlega hversu …, discern wisely for thyself how …, Mar.; til þess er konungr ok erkibiskup greina (discern, settle) allt þat er milli manna stóð, Bs. i. 727.
3. to expound, tell, record; sem áðr er greint, as is told above, Fms. ii. 168; þó at ek greina þat eigi at sinni, i. …
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a. n.
1) indiscriminately;
2) unconditionally.
n. adj. indiscriminately, Bs. ii. 96, Stj. 272: unconditionally, Bs. i. 736, 767.
n. reasonable case.
m. a reasonable case, Bs. ii.
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adj. discerning, clever, Stj. 95.
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m. discrimination, distinction; göra g. góðs ok ílls, to know good and evil, Gen. iii. 5.
a. likely to cause a difference or dissension.
adj. likely to cause a difference, Fms. x. 107.
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f. discernment, freq. greindar-liga, adv. (-ligr, adj.), cleverly.
adv. distinctly.
adv. distinctly, Eg. 55, 271, Nj. 235, Fms. i. 300, Fb. i. 503: quite, sheer, Stj. 10.
a. distinct, clear.
adj. distinct, articulate, Skálda 174 (of sound).
f. distinction.
f. distinction; glöggvari g. = epexegesis, Skulda 205; greiningar-vit, the senses, Bs. i. 785; að-greining, distinction.
(pl. ~r), f. the space between the thumb and the other fingers (kom blóð á hönd þóri ok rann upp á ~ina); fig., koma, ganga í ~r e-m, to fall into one’s clutches.
f., pl. greipr, [A. S. grâp], the space between the thumb and the other fingers, a grip, grasp, Edda 110; at hin hægri greip spenni um hinn vinstra úlflið, Sks. 291; ok rann upp á greipina, Fms. v. 85; þrekligar greipr, Sd. 147; því næst brestr fram ór bjarginu greip eigi smáleit, Bs. ii. 111: metaph., ganga í greipr e-m, to fall into one’s clutches, Fs. 37, Fms. vi. 210; meir fyrir þat at vér vórum þá komnir í greipr honum, Orkn. 88; ganga ór greipum e-s, to slip from one’s grasp; spenna greipr, to clasp the hands: the phrase, láta greipr sópa, um e-t, to make a clean sweep, Grett. 127: the name of a giantess, Edda. ☞ Icel. distinguish between greip and neip (qs. gneip, the interval between the other fingers).
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að or t, to grasp, comprehend, Edda (in a verse): metaph., g. glæp, to commit, Am. 82.
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m. [Germ. groll], spite, Edda 110.
f. wrath, anger.
f. [gramr], wrath, anger; gremi Óðins, Hkv. 1. 11: esp. of the gods, in the allit. phrase, goða gremi legg ek við, lögbrot ok goða gremi ok griða rof, Eg. 352; hann skal hafa goða gremi ok griðníðings-nafn, Fs. 54; gremi Guðs, Ísl. ii. 382; Guð Drottins gremi, Grág. ii. 382, 383.
(grem, gramda, gramit), v. to anger, provoke, exasperate (gremdu eigi goð at þér);
refl., ~st e-m, to be angry with.
u, f. fretting, annoyance. gremju-verðr, adj. annoying.
(grem, gramda, gramit), v. to anger, provoke, exasperate (gremdu eigi goð at þér);
refl., ~st e-m, to be angry with.
gramði, [vide gramr; Ulf. gramjan = παροργίζειν; A. S. and Hel. gramian; Dan. græmme; Swed. gräma = to grieve]:—to anger, provoke, esp. the wrath of the gods (God), to offend the gods (by perjury or wickedness); gremðu eigi goð at þér, Ls. 12; sá gremr Guð at sér, Hom. 86, 159; þú hefir gramit at þér Maumet, Karl. 434; ok gremja svá Guð at sér ok alla góða menn, Fms. xi. 364; þú ert her kominn at óleyfi bræðra minna ok gremr svá goð at þér, Fas. ii. 69, else rare; gremr hann konunginn at sér (vexes the king) með vápna-gangi, Al. 42; hvat gremr þik líf þitt, quid te offendit vita tua, Hom. 12; göra lítið úr gáfum hans, gremja svo mildi skaparans, Bb. 1. 8.
II. reflex. to get angry, be grieved; en ef þit vildut þat göra, þá munda ek ekki gremjask ykkr, Fms. v. 238; fagna þeirra fagnaði er fögnuð göra Guði, en gráta hina er við hann gremjask (those who provoke him), D. I. i. 362 (to render the Lat. flere cum flentibus): mod., mér gremsk að sjá það, it grieves me to see it, etc.
(gen. pl. grenja), n. lair of a fox or wolf (sem melrakki í greni).
n., gen. pl. grenja, a lair; gren eðr holur (of a snake), Stj. 93; varga gren, hafði úlfrinn dregit eitt lík inn í grenit (lair, of a wolf), Mirm. 36: in Icel. only of a fox’s lair, sem melrakki í greni, Nj. 198, Karl. 144, Sturl. i. 88; hann mun bíta kunna nær greninu, Ld. 278.
COMPDS: grenjaleit, grensmogin.
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n. [grön], pine timber. greni-borð, n. a pine-wood board.
(at), v. to howl, bellow.
að, to howl, bellow, Eg. 486, Bs. i. 42, ii. 49, Fms. iii. 179, vi. 150, Konn. 82, Fas. ii. 484, Edda 20, Mar. 116.
f. howling, bellowing.
f. bellowing, Fas. ii. 481; g. inna úörgu dýra, Post. 645. 73.
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f. seeking a fox’s lair.
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d, [grannr], to make thin, slender: reflex. to become thin.
f. vicinity.
f. [granni], vicinity, Gþl. 393, Js. 98, 100. grenndar-far, n. = búsifjar, q. v., N. G. L. i. 40.
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n., in ná-grenni, neighbourhood, D. N.: the phrase, svá er mál með grenni (mod. svo er mál með vexti), Fas. iii. 59.
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f. enquiry; eptir-grenslan, investigation.
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að, dep. [granni], to pry into, enquire, Grett. 111.
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u, f. = grenskolli.
m. a fox in its earth.
a, m. a fox in its earth, Fs. 48.
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part.; tóa grensmogin, a fox with cubs.
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adv. = greypiliga, Fb. i. 530.
(-s, -ar), m.
1) poet, scald;
2) doughty man.
m. [perhaps akin to garpr], a poet; g. enn ungi, the young bard, Lex. Poët.; biðjandi hjartans grepp minn góðan, göra fyrir mig drápu-korn, Jón Þorl.; skáld heita greppar, ok rétt er í skáldskap at kenna svá hvern mann, Edda (Arna-Magn.) ii. 528. greppa-minni, n. a kind of metre, Edda (Ht.); a kind of memorial verses, the questions in the first half stanza, the responses in the second, Edda (Ht.) 40.
II. a strange creature, a monster; sér hann þá hvar gengr greppr mikill (of a giant), þykist hann þá kenna Dofra tröll, Fb. i. 565; þá sá þeir ekki lítinn grepp (of a ghost) suðr við garðinn, ok var þar Klaufi ok hafði höfuðit í hendi sér, Sd. 160.
a. frowning, ugly.
adj. (-liga, adv.), frowning, ugly, Fær. 9, Fs. 142.
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að, [gras; Dan. græsse], to graze: in the saying, þar er ekki um auðugan garð að gresja, i. e. there is little to be had.
n. iron wire.
n. a kind of iron, Edda 34, Fas. iii. 240.
(-tta, -tt), v., g. sik or ~st, to frown, make a wryface.
tt, esp. reflex, grettask, to frown, make a wry face; hann skaut marga vega augunum ok gretti sik, Fb. i. 541: to frown, Fb. i. 530, Stj. 459 (of a lion), Bárð. 35 new Ed.; g. um tennr, to grin, El.
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adj. making wry faces, freq. in mod. usage.
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in., poët. a ‘frowner,’ dragon, Edda: pr. name, Landn., whence Grettis-færsla, u, f. name of a poem; Grettis-haf, n. Grettir’s lift, is in Icel. the popular name for giant boulders.
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f. pl. wry faces: metaph., búa-grettnr, quarrels among neighbours (cp. mod. búa kritr), 655 xxi. 3; vina-grettur, quarrels among friends, Frump.
(gen. pl. greyja), n.
1) bitch;
2) paltry fellow, coward.
n., pl. greyja, a greyhound; greyjum sinum gullbönd sneri, Þkv. 6, Hm. 100 (of a lap dog); grey (a bitch) þykki mér Freyja, Jb. ch. 10: metaph. a paltry jellow, coward; grey þitt, Gísl. 68; grey eðr bleyðimaðr, Fagrsk.; grey eðr ættar-skömm, Mirm.; greyja atgangr, a dog-fight, Fms. viii. 308.
(-ða, -ðr), v. to bend down with the face to the ground.
ð, [grúfa], to grovel, bow down with the face to the earth, Fms. viii. 333 C: reflex., Eg. 508, Fms. iii. 127, Fas. ii. 251.
(-ta, -tr), v. to groove.
t, to groove, Fb. i. 258, Ísl. ii. 462.
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f. a groove, N. G. L. ii. 110 (freq.)
adv. fiercely.
adv. fiercely, Fms. vi. 367, vii. 134, Sturl. i. 44 C, Vígl. 26, Fas. iii. 123.
a. fierce, fearful.
adj. fierce, cruel, Róm. 333, 346, Fms. x. 380, 385, Eg. 304; g. glæpr, a fearful crime, Bs. ii. 117; g. úhlýðni, 112.
m. fierceness.
m. fierceness, Rum. 298.
a. = greypiligr.
adj. fierce, fearful; g. langræki, Hom. 143, Stj. 144; g. sár, fearful wounds, Fas. iii. 126.
f. = grey
1) bitch.
u, f. a bitch, Þiðr. 106.
m. bitch.
m. a greyhound, Fms. xi. 10.
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m. a dogged churl, Bær. 2.
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adv. meanly, poorly, El. 101.
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adj. paltry.
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u, f. and grey-skapr, m. paltriness, Fas. iii. 64.
m. = greymennska.
m. paltriness, Fms. ii. 61, Fs. 99, El. 580. i, Al. 46.
n. pack of hounds.
n. a couple of hounds, Akv. ii.
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adj. = greiðligr, Sks. 407 B.
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u, f. a rusty, blunt knife, Snot 70.
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m. [gróa (?)], a twig (?), only used in mod. poët. circumlocution ot a man; geira grér, örva grér, etc.
n.
1) domicile, home;
2) pl. truce, peace, pardon, quarter; selk g.: to make truce; segja í sundr griðum to dissolve the truce; lífs g. ok lima, safety for life and limbs; beiða (sér) griða, to sue for quarter; beiða griða Baldri fyrir alls konar háska, to seek protection for B. against all kinds of harm; gefa e-m g., to give one quarter; ganga til griða, to accept pardon.
n. [a Scandin. word, found in the Saxon Chron. year 1011, and in the A. S. poem Byrnoth, but in both passages it is a Danish, not a Saxon word].
A. Prop. a domicile, home, with the notion of service; segja mann af griði, to give one notice to leave, Grág. i. 146; fá e-m grið, to get one a situation, id.; ef maðr hefir sér eigi grið (if a man has no home, no livelihood), ok varðar þat útlegð, id.; koma til griðs, to come to (take up) service, 147; þiggja grið með e-m, to lodge with one, 160; taka grið með e-m, id., 149; vera í griði með e-m, to be in lodgings with one, N. G. L. i, 210; lög-grið, a lawful home, id.; búi sínu eðr griði, one’s household or abode, Grág. i. 163; fara ór griði, to leave service, ii. 144.
COMPDS: griðfang, griðfangadagr, griðfastr, griðka, griðkona, griðlauss, griðmaðr, griðtaka, griðvist.
B. In pl., metaph. a truce, peace, pardon; friðr is the general word, grið the special, deriving its name from being limited in time or space (asylum); rjúfa grið, spilla griðum, to break truce; setja grið, to make truce; halda grið, to keep truce; …
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part. one who sues for peace, Grág. ii. 23.
n. pl. breach of truce.
n. pl. breach of truce, Grág. ii. 22.
f. granting truce.
f. a granting truce (life), Orkn. 456, Fms. ix. 524.
a. without truce, truceless.
adj. truceless, Germ. vogelfrei, Edda 40, Fas. iii. 391: neut., er allt var griðalaust (truceless) með mönnum, Eb. 234.
n. sign of truce.
n. a sign of truce, Edda 47.
n. pl. truce formularies.
n. pl. truce formularies, Ísl. ii. 379. Grág. ii. 165 sqq., Fms. vii. 62,
n. pl. breach of truce.
n. pl. breach of truce, Grág. ii. 22, Eg. 352, Fas. i. 72.
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u, f. a granting truce, N. G. L. i. 177, Eg. 232.
f. truce-making.
and grið-setning, f. truce-making, Sturl. ii. 159, Grett. ch. 77.
m. sanctuary, asylum.
m. a sanctuary, asylum, Edda 37, Gþl. 179, Fas. ii. 63.
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f. a term of truce, Bret.
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f. id., v. l.
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m. = skildagi, Grág. ii. 468.
m. servant.
a, m. a horseman, servant, Fb. ii. 335.
f. housemaid, female servant.
u, f. = griðkona, Grett. 148 A.
m. = griðníðingr.
m. a truce-breaker, Grág. ii. 166, O. H. L. 75.
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n. the taking a dwelling, Grág. i. 20.
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adj. having a home, Lex. Poët.
f. housemaid, female servant.
a, f. a housemaid, Nj. 118, Fms. viii. 243, Fs. 51, Grett. 148 A, Hrafn. 25, Grág. passim.
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adj. homeless.
m. male servant.
m. a ‘house-man,’ servant, lodger, Grág. i. 35, 242, ii. 143.
n. pl. = griðamál.
grið-sala, grið-setning, etc., vide griða- above.
m. truce-breaker.
m. a law term, a truce-breaker, Grág. ii. 167, Nj. 102, Orkn. 430.
a. peaceful.
adj. peaceful, merciful, Fms. viii. 234.
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n. pl. breach of truce, N. G. L. i. 254.
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u, f. a hiring of servants, Grág. i. 153.
f. lodging, home.
f. lodging, Njarð. 366.
(gen. -ja), m. pl. Greeks.
m. pl. Greeks; Grík-land, mod. Grikk-land, n. Greece; Grikkja-konungr, m. the Greek king; Grikklands-eyjar, f. pl. the Grecian Isles, 625. 64; Grikklands-haf, n. the Grecian Archipelago, Fms. passim.
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m. [prob. from Engl. grig, cp. Johnson on this word], a juggle (mod. word); göra e-m grikk, to play one a trick.
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adj. Greek, passim; Gríska, u, f. the Greek tongue; in old writers usually by metathesis, girskr, etc.
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f. grimness, fierceness; sakir grimðar eðr íllvilja, Fms. i. 71; en eigi skorti hann spekt né grimd, 117; grimdar-andi, breathing wrath, Stj. 288; grimdar-mála dagar, days of wrath, Stj. 642. 2 Kings xix. 3; grimdar-náttúra, savage disposition, Mar. 604: grimdar-fullr, adj. savage, Fms. i. 207, Stj. 469: grimdar-hugr, m. fiery mood, Fms. v. 271.
II. metaph. a biting frost; var grimd svá mikil at klæði þeirra freri, Fas. ii. 427: grimdar-frost, n. id., Bs. i. 381.
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d, (and að, Háv. 39), dep. to chafe, be furious; g. móti Guði, Fms. viii. 240; g. upp á heilaga kirkju, Thom. 6 (Ed.); hann byrsti sik ok grimmisk mjök (of a wild bear), Finnb. 248, Mar. 563; útan Þorbjörn, hann grimmask við hann fyrir allt saman, Háv. l. c.; hvárt mun þín reiði grimmask í gegn öllum mönnum, Stj. 329; grimmask á e-n, to rage against one, Pr. 402.
a.
1) grim, stern, dire; gráta grimmum tárum, to weep bitter tears; ~ dómr, severe jugement;
2) wroth; svá var hón grimm orðin Brjáni konungri, at, she hated him so much, that.
adj. [A. S., Engl., and Hel. grim; Dan. grim = ugly; in old Icel. writers this word implies the notion of ferocity, sternness, wrath, but not of wanton cruelty, and seldom of ugliness as in Engl., Dan., etc.]:—grim, stern, horrible, dire, sore; grimmt er fall frænda at telja, ‘tis grim to tell of a kinsman’s death, Stor. 10; grimt várumk hlið, a sore gap it was to me, 6; gráta grimmum tárum, to weep grim, bitter tears, Hkv. 2. 43; fimm grimmar nætr five grim, miserable nights, Korm. 184 (in a verse); grimm orð, lamentation, Gh. 1; hugðak mér grimt í svefni, I had a fearful dream, Bkv. 16.
2. stern, savage, Lat. ferox; hón var allra kvenna grimmust ok skaphörðust, Nj. 147; ákafa-maðr mikill í skapi, grimmr, úþýðr ok fátálr, Fms. i. 19; glaðmælt, undirhyggju-maðr mikill, ok hin grimmasta, 20; fyllask ens grimmasta hugar, to be filled with rage, 623. 25; g. híðbjörn, a grim bear, Grett. 100.
3. with dat. wroth; svá var hón orðin grimm Brjáni konungi, at …, she hated him so much, that …, Nj. 269; hence in poët. phrases, baugum, vellum grimmr, fé-grimmr, hodd-g. …
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a. fierce-eyed.
adj. fierce-eyed, Fms. ii. 20; better grunneygr, q. v.
a. in a grim humour.
adj. in a grim, fierce humour, Fas. i. 178, Stj. 187.
m. savageness, cruelly.
(-leiki), m. savageness, cruelty, Eg. 255, Nj. 176, Fms. x. 380, Hom. 42, Sks. 496, Stj. 256, Mar. passim.
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adj. grim, stern-looking.
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adv. grimly, fiercely, sternly, esp. in the phrase, hefna g., to take a fearful revenge, Fms. i. 266, vii. 157, x. 221, Fas. i. 13; g. reiðr, fearfully angry, Anal. 240; gráta g., to ‘greit’ sorely, Skv. 3. 25.
a. fierce, fearful.
adj. ‘grim-like,’ fierce, Eg. 305, Nj. 104, Hkr. i. 10, Fms. ii. 100, vi. 131: savage, Edda 19; g. atganga, a furious onslaught, Mar. 575; g. orrosta, Bret.; g. dómr, Fms. ii. 223: fearful, Fs. 17; g. gnýr, a fearful crash, Sl. 57.
a. of grim temper.
adj. of grim temper, Fagrsk. 24.
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f. ferocity; grimm-uðigr, adj. furious, Fas. i. 32, Am. 55.
(pl. ~r and ~ir), f.
1) a gate made of spars or bars, a fence;
2) pl. pen, fold (fé byrgt í ~um);
fullar ~ir, full-stocked folds;
3) haven, dock (liggja í ~um, of ships);
4) store-houses.
f., pl. grindr, a lattice door, gate; lék þar grind á járnum, Fms. v. 331; eru garðar hennar forkunnar háfir ok grindr stórar, Edda 18; forn er sú grind, en þat fáir vitu hve hón er í lás um lokin, Gm. 22; gest þú né geyja né á grind hrekir, Hm. 136, Am. 36, Fsm. 9; láta hlið á ok grind fyrir eðr hurð, Grág. ii. 228; nú ganga menn í gegnum garðs-hlið þá skal sá ábyrgjask er upp lýkr grindum, N. G. L. i. 41; hestrinn hljóp svá hart yfir grindina, at hann kom hvergi niðr, id.; var grind fyrir borghliðinu ok lokin aptr, Þórr gékk á grindina ok fékk eigi upp lokit, þá smugu þeir milli spalanna, 30; Hel-grindr, the gates of Hel, Edda 38; Ás-grindr, the gates of the Ases, id.; ná-grindr, the gates of death, Skm.
COMPDS: grindarhlið, grindarhæll, grindasög, grindgarðr, grindhlið.
II. an enclosure,
α. for ships, docks; liggja (of ships) í grindum, Hkv. 1. 49: pens for catching whales, hence the Dan. grinde-hval, grinde-fangst, of catching whales by penning them in; esp. veiða elgi (to catch elks) í görðum eða grindum, Gþl. 449: of store-houses, folds, fullar grindir, full-stocked folds, Hm. …
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n. a gate with a lattice, Fms. ii. 148.
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m. a peg to keep the gate fast, Gþl. 383.
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f. a saw (in a frame).
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m. a lattice fence, Fs. 183.
n. barred gate.
n. = grindarhlið, Lv. 19.
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n. a grip, grasp; upp-grip, plenty to take, abundance; á-grip, q. v.; yfir-grip, compass: medic. spots on the skin, believed to be the finger-prints or marks of goblins or demons, Fél.
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að, to grope; fara griplandi hendi eptir, Gþl. 46.
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f. pl. groping; henda griplur til e-s, to grope after, Eluc. 22; griplur er sem hendi þá, Mkv. 2: gloves without fingers, mittens.
II. name of an epic Rímur in parchment, a dimin. = Rímur af Hrómundi Gripssyni.
I)
(-ar, -ir), m.
1) costly thing; valuable treasure, property;
2) value, money’s worth; enn þriðja hlut á hann, þann er mikill g. er í, that is of great value; epli þau, er henni munu gripir í þykkja, apples which she will think of great value.
II)
m. vulture (rare).
m. [Germ. griff], a vulture, Þiðr. 92.
I)
(-ar, -ir), m.
1) costly thing; valuable treasure, property;
2) value, money’s worth; enn þriðja hlut á hann, þann er mikill g. er í, that is of great value; epli þau, er henni munu gripir í þykkja, apples which she will think of great value.
II)
m. vulture (rare).
m., gen. ar, pl. ir, [akin to grípa, to hold, seize, cp. A. S. gripe = manipulus]:—prop. anything possessed; nú hafa tveir menn veðmæltan einn grip báðir, Grág. i. 412; hross eðr skip eðr aðra gripi, 437; alla þá gripi er menn eiga saman, hvárt sem þat er akr eða eng eða aðra hluti, Gþl. 505.
2. value, money’s worth; hann kvað þó verra grip í (of less worth) enn hann ætlaði, Nj. 73; yðr er ekki happ at drepa hann, ok engi gripr at hafa hann brott, not worth one’s while to drive him away, Fms. vii. 218; enn þriðja hlut á hann þann er mikill gripr er í, Edda 15; epli þau er henni munu gripir í þykkja, 46; í gripum sæmiligum ok löndum, … í þeim gripum er engi væri minna en tíu aura verðr, Sturl. iii. 293: gripa-tak, n. seizure of property, Grág. ii. 196, Gullþ. 19.
3. esp. in pl. costly things, pretiosa; klæðnaðr Þóru ok gripir, Eg. 158; hann skyldi ok kaupa gripi til handa henni svá at engi jafnfjáð kona ætti betri gripi, Ld. 132; klæði, vápn, ok annars-konar gripi, Fms. vi. 182; hann gaf sinn grip hverjum þeirra, Gullþ. 9, 19; húsbúnað ok klæðnað ok góða gripi, Fb. ii. 186; …
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f. pl. rapine, robbery, N. G. L. i. 20, Gþl. 473, Fms. i. 221, vi. 218.
n.
1) domicile, home;
2) pl. truce, peace, pardon, quarter; selk g.: to make truce; segja í sundr griðum to dissolve the truce; lífs g. ok lima, safety for life and limbs; beiða (sér) griða, to sue for quarter; beiða griða Baldri fyrir alls konar háska, to seek protection for B. against all kinds of harm; gefa e-m g., to give one quarter; ganga til griða, to accept pardon.
f. frantic eagerness; í gríð, eagerly: gríðar-liga (gríðu-liga, Mag. 99, Ed.), adv. eagerly: gríðar-ligr, adj. eager.
II. mythol. Gríðr, f. a giantess; Gríðar-völr, m., Edda 60.
f.
1) a kind of covering for the face or the head, a mask or cowl (hafa grímu fyrir andliti, á höfði sér);
2) armour covering a horse’s head and breast;
3) beak (on a ship);
4) night (poet.).
u, f. [A. S. grîma; Dan. grime = a horse’s halter], a kind of hood or cowl covering the upper part of the face, Edda (Gl.), Sks. 304, Þórð. 30; ríðr Barði at Snorra Goða ok hefir grímu á höfði sér, Ísl. ii. 378, Mirm. 58.
β. armour covering a horse’s breast, a poitrail; en utan yfir beisli ok um allt höfuð hestsins ok um háls framan ok til söðuls þá skal vera g. gör á panzara lund, Sks. 405: the beak on a ship, gyldar grímur, Gkv. 2. 16: grímu-eiðr, m. a Norse law term, a kind of oath taken by six compurgators, an απ. λεγ., N. G. L. i. 56 (vide eiðr); the origin of the name is uncertain, perhaps the compurgators had to appear in court in cowls: grímu-maðr, m. a cowled man, a man in disguise, Fb. i. 509, Fas. iii. 321, N. G. L. i. 175.
II. metaph. the night, poët., Alm. 31, Edda (Gl.), Lex. Poët.; óróar gríma, a night of woe, Stor. 18; so in the saying, hverf er haust-gríma, shifty is the autumn night, Hm. 73: curious is the phrase, það renna á e-n tvær grímur, one wavers, is uncertain, það runnu á mig tvær grímur; the metaphor is either derived from a horse’s halter or hood = doubly hoodwinked or from the night = in double darkness. …
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d, to ‘grin,’ but only in the special sense, to stare into, putting one’s face close to a thing; grína ofan í bókina.
(gríp; greip, gripurn; gripinn), v.
1) to grasp, seize (hann greip sverð sitt á skjöld);
2) to seize upon (~ góz fyrir mönnum);
3) with preps.:
~ á e-u, to catch hold of (H. greip á stafni);
~ á kýlinu, to touch upon a sore place;
~ til e-s, to seize (~ til sverðsins);
greip hundrinn til hans, the dog snapped at him;
~ upp, to catch up (Loki greip upp mikla stöng);
~ við orði, to commence speaking.
greip, gripu, gripit, [Ulf. greipan = κρατειν, λαμβάνειν; A. S. grîpan; Engl. grip, gripe, grapple; O. H. G. grîfan; Germ. greifen; Swed. gripa; Dan. gribe]:—to grasp, seize:
1. with the notion of suddenness or violence; hann greip skjöld sinn ok sverð, Ó. H. 117; konungr greip til sverðs þess er stóð hjá honum, Fms. i. 16, vi. 159; Egill kastaði þegar niðr horninu, en greip sverðit ok brá, Eg. 215; Egill greip þá skjótt meðalkafla sverðsins, 379; síðan greip hann til Egils, 192; hann greip upp Þórð ok keyrði niðr, id.; Ormr grípr þá í móti fleininum, Fb. i. 530; hann greip upp beiti-ásinn ok barði með, 491; hann greip til hans (the dog snaps at him) um sinn ok reif kviðinn, Fms. ii. 174; hann grípr nárann, Anal. 122.
2. to capture, seize; gripinn, and gripinn höndum, captured, Hom. 131, Pass. 6. 12, 9. 1, 11. 1.
β. to seize upon, rob; þat er mér sagt at þú farir heldr óspaklega ok grípir fyrir mönnum góðs sitt, Grett. 130 (grip-deildir).
γ. to grasp; hann greip á stafni, Hým. 27.
3. phrases, grípa gulli á við e-n, to coax one; …
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(gen. ~, pl. grísir), m.
1) young pig;
2) hog.
m., pl. ir, gen. ar, Odd. 28, [Swed.-Dan. gris; Scot. grice], a young pig; gyltar gríss, a sucking pig, Fs. 107; gyltr ok gríss, Gullþ. 60, Fs. Vd. ch. 44, Grág. i. 504, Jb. 287, Sd. 163: the saying, grísir gjalda þess er gömul svín valda, cp. quidquid delirant reges plectuntur Achivi, Stj. 63; gnyðja mundu grísir ef þeir vissi hvat hinn gamli þyldi (ef galtar böl vissi, v. l.), Fas. i. 282: of a young wild pig, Fb. ii. 25: grísa-gyltr, f. a sow with pigs, Vm. 85; grísar-höfuð, n. a pig’s head, Odd. 28.
2. a pr. name, Landn.; cp. Grísar-tunga, name of a farm, 71.
II. [as in Norse, vide Ivar Aasen], gener. a pig; er gamlir grísir (old swine) skyldi halda mér at höfuðbeinum, Grett. (in a verse); as also the Icel. grís-efldr, adj. strong as a grís (a hog?), i. e. prodigiously strong, of great muscular strength; this word however, which is freq. in mod. usage, is not recorded in old writers, but it occurs in Lex. Run.
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n. pl. [Swed.-Dan. gryn], groats, Edda (Gl.), Gþl. 524: grjóna-grautr, m. a porridge of groats.
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m. ‘groat-back,’ a nickname, Fms.
n. stones; verða at ~i, to be turned into stones; bera ~ á e-n, berja e-n ~i, to stone one.
n. [A. S. greôt; Engl. grit; Hel. griot; O. H. G. grioz; Low Germ. grott = gravel; Germ. greis, meaning gravel, shingle, pebbles, or the like; cp. also Engl. to grout = to build a wall of rubble with liquid mortar poured in; the Icel. grautr (q. v.) and grútr (q. v.) are also kindred]:—stones, but chiefly with the notion of rough stones or rubble in a building, etc.; grjót, like Engl. grit, is a collective word, and is consequently never used in plur.; a single stone is called steinn, not grjót; velta grjóti, to roll stones, Gs. 12; nú er grjót þat at gleri orðit, Hdl. 10; grjót (quarry) þat er til kirkna þarf at hafa, N. G. L. i. 240; hann lét ok göra há-altarit með grjót, Bs. i. 830; telgt grjót, cut stones, Stj. 564; rata munn létumk grjót gnaga, Hm. 106; hljóp ofan skriða mikil með grjóti, Anal. 64; verða at grjóti, to be turned into stones, Edda 89; þeir báru grjót á rótina, Gullþ. 50; torf eða grjót, Grág. ii. 262; þeir ruddu hitt ok báru þar í grjót (sinking a ship), Eg. 125; dys ór grjóti, Ld. 152; berja grjóti, to stone, Gísl. 34; vóru þau barin grjóti í hel, id. …
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adj. stony, Barl. 18.
n. quarry.
n. quarry, Fms. viii. 278, Bs. i. 890.
n. pl. rocks.
n. pl. rocks, Vsp. 52.
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m. a pun, = Arinbjörn, Ad.
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n. a stone hoe, Vm. 92, 117.
m. throwing of stones.
m. throwing showers of stones (in a fight), Sturl. ii. 136.
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n. raining stones, Ann. 1362.
f. stone shower.
f. a stone shower (in a fight), Fms. vi. 156, x. 361, Fas. ii. 449, Fs. 17, Al. 46, Bs. i. 412.
f. conveyance of stones.
f. carrying stones, Fms. viii. 279.
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m. a stone fence, Grág. ii. 282, Jb. 242: a pr. name, Fms.
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n. stone-hail, Stj. 369.
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m. a heap of stones, a cairn, Stj. 364. Josh. vii. 26, 655 xiv. B. 2.
n. stone wall.
n. a stone pavement, Hkr. ii. 5.
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n. a load of stones, N. G. L. i. 415.
m. stone mound, stone heap.
m. a stone mound, stone heap, Hrafn. 21, Finnb. 314.
f. shower of stones.
f. a shower of stones (in battle), Fms. ix. 514, xi. 95.
m. = grjóthóll.
m. a stone altar (heathen, vide hörgr): a stone heap = grjóthaugr, Sturl. ii. 223 C, where Ed. grjóthaugr.
n. throwing stones.
n. throwing stones, Fas. iii. 243, Bs. i. 412.
m. boulder.
m. a boulder, Bs. ii. 134.
a. stony, flinty.
adj. stony, flinty, Fms. x. 445, Mar. 609.
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a, m. a stone-mason, B. K. 124.
f. gravel, pebbles.
f. ‘stone-grit,’ gravel, pebbles, Stj. 67.
m. in the phrase, vera ~ fyirir e-u, to be the chief supporter (mainstay) of.
m. a stone hoe: metaph., vera e-s g., to break stones for one, do a stone-breaker’s work; þeir vóru knáligir menn ok vóru mjök grjótpálar fyrir búi Ósvífrs, Ld. 122; en Halli var grjótpáll fyrir málum hans, Valla L. 205.
f. stone-slip.
u, f. a stone slip, Ann. 1337.
m. stone-mason.
m. a stone-mason, B. K. 124, Bs. i. 830.
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f. stone masonry.
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n. stone work, Stj. 562.
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m. a stone-mason’s lad, D. N.
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u, f. = grjótstarf, D. N.
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a, m. a stone pile, obelisk, Dropl. 23.
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n. = grjóthríð, Lex. Poët.
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n. a sausage, Orkn. (in a verse), still in use in the east of Icel., [cp. grupa = to hatch or grind, Ivar Aasen.]
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að, (grobb, n.), to boast: grobbari, a, m. a boaster.
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a, m. the mythical mill in Edda; whence Grotta-söngr, m. name of a poem; also in local names Grotti, a current near to Reykjavík; akin to Engl. grit, groats, cp. also Ivar Aasen s. v. grötte (the nave in a mill-stone); the tale of the enchanted mill grinding gold and salt etc. at the bottom of the sea is common to all Teutons (vide Edda), and survives in popular tales of Germany, Norway, and Iceland: the sea is called Skerja-grotti, Skerry-grinder, Edda (in a verse).
(grœr, greri, gróinn), v.
1) to grow (of vegetation); jörð grœr, earth grows; þá var grund gróin grœnum lauki, the ground was covered with green herbs;
2) to grow together, become joined to (höfuð konungs var gróit við bolinn);
3) of wounds, to be healed (sár hans greru seint); Ingólfr lá í sárum vetr þenna, ok greri yfir at kalla, his wounds were healed in a way; of the person, gróinn sára sinna, healed of one’s wounds; g. um heilt, to be quite healed; fig. to be reconciled (grœr um heilt með þeim).
or Gró, f. a pr. name, Landn., cp. Edda 58 (the giantess mother of Örvandil, Orion); cp. Swed. groda, Norse gro = a toad, paddock,
(grœr, greri, gróinn), v.
1) to grow (of vegetation); jörð grœr, earth grows; þá var grund gróin grœnum lauki, the ground was covered with green herbs;
2) to grow together, become joined to (höfuð konungs var gróit við bolinn);
3) of wounds, to be healed (sár hans greru seint); Ingólfr lá í sárum vetr þenna, ok greri yfir at kalla, his wounds were healed in a way; of the person, gróinn sára sinna, healed of one’s wounds; g. um heilt, to be quite healed; fig. to be reconciled (grœr um heilt með þeim).
greri, gróinn, pres. græ (grœ), [A. S. growan; Engl. grow; Swed. gro; Dan. groe; cp. Lat. cre-scere, crev-i]:—to grow:
I. of grass, trees, vegetation; þá var grund gróin grœnum lauki, Vsp. 4; viði gróin, grown with wood (of the earth), Edda 65 (in a verse); jörð grær, the earth grows, Eg. (in a verse), Ísl. ii. 381; gras grær, grass grows; gróandi grös, Sks. 728 B; þá grær gras á þeirri moldu er efst er á jörðunni, Edda 145 (pref.); gróa ok ávaxtask (of the earth), Stj. 38: absol. to grow, þann vetr var veðrátta góð, ok greyri snemma um várit, the winter was mild, and early crops in the spring, Fms. ii. 244; er íllu korni niðr sáð, enda mun íllt af gróa, Nj. 174.
II. to grow together, to close; var einart þak á húsinu ok ekki gróit, a fresh thatch (of turf) and not yet set, Ld. 280; en um morguninn var hann gróinn aptr sem áðr, the opening (in a cairn) had grown together as before, Bárð. 180; ok æ sem annarr grær (unites, joins to) við meginland, þá kemr annarr hólmi í, Sks. 94; höfuð konungsins var gróit við bolinn, Nj. 275.
2. …
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m. growth, increase.
a, m.
1. = gróðr; þess vondr skyldi gróða taka, Post. 686 B. 13.
2. increase; þá skal gróði (swell, flood) koma bæði í sjó ok vötn (vatna-vöxtr), Rb. 104: mod. usage distinguishes between gróðr, growth, and gróði, gain, increase of wealth. gróða-maðr, m. a prosperous, wealthy man.
(gen. -rar, pl. -rar), m. growth, crop (blóta til ~ar).
m., gen. gróðrar, [Dan. afgröde; Swed. gröda = crop], growth, a crop; þá fundu þeir Góibeytla ok annan gróðr (vegetation), Landn. 226; hverr maðr á gróðr á sínu landi, Grág. ii. 291, cp. Jb. 248 C. (Ed. vöxt); en at miðjum vetri blóta til gróðrar, Hkr. i. 13; gróðrum ok grænum grösum, Stj. 276: metaph., andlegs gróðrar, Hom. 45: summer, Edda (Gl.)
a. fertile.
(gróðrsam-ligr, Barl. 10), adj. fertile, Sks. 40, Ver. 2.
(see setja), v. to plant.
tt, to plant; g. víngarð, Stj. 344, Greg. 10, Mar. 12.
a. healing (gróðrvænlig smyrsl).
adj. healable, Fas. iii. 139.
I) f. pit.
II) from grafa.
f. [grafa; Ulf. grôba; Germ. grube], a pit, Nj. 153, Grett. 94; eld-gróf, an ash-pit, Eb. 99 (v. l.) new Ed.; hnakka-gróf, the pit in the nape of the neck; hljóp hann síðan með reykinum í gróf (gröf?) nokkura ok hvíldi sik, ok er þat síðan köllut Kára-gróf, Nj. 202.
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adj. [from Germ. grob], coarse, of clothes, linen, (mod. and rare.)
m. blot, dirty spot.
m. (mod. gróm, n.), grime, dirt; metaph. a blot, dirty spot; þá er menn hugðu at eið þeim, þótti sem g. (blot) hefði í verit, Grett. 161 A.
COMPDS: grómlauss, grómtekinn.
a. free from shot.
adj. spotless, single-hearted, Greg. 19; heyrit ér hvat karlinn segir, eigi er hann grómlauss, he suspects something, Nj. 143.
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part. soiled with dirt, of linen or the like.
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að, to become green, Bb. 1. 21.
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f. a groove.
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að, to groove, a joiner’s term.
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adv. [hence the mod. grobba, to vaunt, and grobbinn = boasting]:—boastingly; þótti gaman at reyna fráleik hans, svá g. sem hann sjálfr tók á, Mork. 40.
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u, f. [Germ. grüsch], a kind of barley, Edda (Gl.)
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f. the growing one, poët. the earth, Alm. 11.
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n. grovelling.
(að), v. to grovel an all-fours.
að, (grœfla, Mar.), to grovel on all fours; Jónathas gruflaði heldr en gékk, Stj. 452. 1 Sam. xiv. 13; gruflar hón af læknum, Ísl. ii. 340, Bs. i. 331, Pr. 412; Grímr gruflar eptir knettinum, Fas. iii. 530: ganga gruflandi að e-u, to go grovelling, groping after a thing.
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n. mud, dregs. grugg-óttr, adj. muddy, Fas. i. 142.
(að), v.
1) to suspect, mistrust (Grettir ~ði hann); vera ~ðr um e-t, to be suspected of;
2) to doubt (ekki grunum vér illvilja yðvarn);
3) to suppose, guess (~ ek, at fjölmenni muni fyrir);
4) impers., mik ~r e-t or um e-t, I suspect, doubt.
að, to suspect; þá mun Hrútr hlæja, ok mun hann þá ekki gruna þik, Nj. 33; vera grunaðr um svik, Fms. i. 59; engi maðr frýr þér vits en meirr ertú grunaðr um græsku, Sturl. i. 105; grunaðr var hann um þat at hann mundi blóta mönnum, Fs. 28; Grettir grunaði hann, G. trusted him not, Grett. 138 A; ætla ek at þeir hafi grunat mik, Lv. 81; eigi skulu þér gruna oss, 656 C. 39; þá var móðir grunað, Hom. 56; nú grunar hann þat at þeir vili eigi heilar sáttir við hann, Grág. ii. 21; en eigi gruna ek þat, þótt …, Ísl. ii. 183; ætla ek at þeir hafi grunat mik, Lv. 81; sem þú skalt eigi g., as thou shall not doubt, Fb. i. 34; ekki grunum vér (we doubt not) íllvilja yðvarn, 412: en til þess at þú megir eigi gruna sögn mína hér um, Fms. i. 192; Þorkell trefill grunar nokkuð hvárt þannig mun farit hafa, Ld. 58.
2. impers., grunar mik enn sem fyrr, at …, Eg. 76; nú em ek at raun komin um þat er mik hefir lengi grunat, Nj. 17; en hann grunaði þó, at …, Ld. 306: with gen. of the thing, slíks grunaði mik, I suspected that, Lv. 81: with acc. of the thing, hvat grunar þik (what thinkest thou), hverr skóp Adam? Mirm.; grunar mik um (I doubt) hversu heilla-drjúgr hann verðr, Grett. …
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f. suspecting, suspicious.
f. suspecting one, Lv. 21; (grununa, qs. grununina.)
(pl. -ir), f. green field, grassy plain (í ~inni hjá þverá).
f. [prob. to be derived from gróa, qs. gróandi, and different in etymology from grunn and Engl. ground, etc.]:—a green field, grassy plain; á grundunni, Sd. 165; þar heitir Haugsnes er bardaginn var ofan frá á grundinni, Sturl. iii. 84, Clar. 134; nú setjask þeir niðr á grundina, Gísl. 107: poët. the earth, the green earth, grund gróin grænum lauki, Vsp. 4, Vþm. 16, Haustl. 15: the name of a farm, Grenfield, Sturl., Landn.
(að), v. to meditate on.
að, = gruna, to suspect, Gísl. 133.
2. [Germ. ergründen], to meditate, (rare and mod. in that sense.)
f. meditation.
f. meditation. Fas. iii. 247.
m. inquiry; gefa (grafa) grund at e-u, to inquire into.
n. = grunr; in the phrase, grafa grund at e-u, to enquire into a thing; því gref ek svá mikinn grund hverr þú ert, Konr. (Fr.); hann lét mjök grund at grafa (Ed. gefa) um eptirleitina, Fas. iii. 300.
(að), v. to found.
að, to found, Fms. i. 139, Mar. 12, Stj. 26, Fb. i. 513.
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f. a foundation, ground-work, Bs. i. 889.
m. ground for a building (marka grundvöll til húss, kirkju); foundation; reisa hús af grundvelli, to make a building from the ground.
m. [cp. Goth. grunduvaddjus = θεμέλιον; mid. H. G. gruntwal; Dan. grundvold]:
1. prop. ground marked out for a building, marka grundvöll til húss (kirkju), Ld. 298, Fms. i. 203, Korm. 8, Sks. 110, Orkn. 286, Stj. 134.
2. metaph. ground-plan, Mar. 12; setja grundvöll Kristni sinnar, Hom. 147; tólf postular eru grundvöllr undir várri trú, Mar. 12; er lítillæti sannr grundvöllr undir öllum mannkostum, id.; Kristiliga trú vera grundvöll ok upphaf góðra verka, Gþl. viii. (pref.); þann grundvöll, er upphaf er allrar speki, Sks. 4; af þessum grundvöllum timbrask enar mestu höfuð-úgæfur, 26; orð eðr erendi, er tekin eru af mannvits grundvelli, which are founded on good sense, 438; reisa hús af grundvelli, to raise a building from the ground, Fms. vi. 440. grundvallar-maðr, m. a founder, Anecd. 66.
n. shallow, shoal; róa á g., to run a ground.
n. [A. S. grund; Engl. ground; Germ. grund, whence mod. Swed.-Dan. grund]:—a shallow, shoal; á grunn, aground; en er þeir Erlendr vóru mjök svá komnir at landi, þá réru þeir á grunn, Fms. i. 212; skip Gregorii sveif upp á grunn; hann kom akkeri í skip þeirra ok dró þá af grunninu, vii. 264, 265; gengu skipin mikinn út yfir grunnit, Ó. H. 17; ok er þeir komu út yfir grunn öll, undu þeir segl, Grett. 94 A; standa grunn, to be aground, Stj. 59, Grág. ii. 358; ganga á grunn, to come to an end (metaph.), Fms. xi. 439; silfr þat gekk aldri á grunn, Fær.; fundning þessi reis af gömlu grunni villunnar, Karl. 548.
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(-s, -ar), m. bottom (of sea or water); til grunns, til grunna, down to the bottom; ganga á grunn, to come to an end (fig.).
II)
(grynnri, grynnstr), a. shallow; standa grunnt, to be shallow (vinitta okkur stendr grunnt).
adj., compar. grynnri (gryðri), superl. grynnstr, [Swed.-Dan. grund], shallow; vaðil-sund nokkut grunnt, Eg. 362; sögðu hafit baeði grunnt ok myrkt, Al. 170; gryðra, shallower, Bs. i. 342; vatnföll tvau hvártki gryðra en tók í miðja síðu, 349: metaph., standa grunnt, to be shallow; vinátta okkur stendr grunnt, Eg. 520; grunuðu at vinátta þeirra mundi vera heldr grunn, Fms. xi. 108: in local names, Grunna-vík, f. whence Grunn-víkingr, m. a man from G., Landn.
I)
(-s, -ar), m. bottom (of sea or water); til grunns, til grunna, down to the bottom; ganga á grunn, to come to an end (fig.).
II)
(grynnri, grynnstr), a. shallow; standa grunnt, to be shallow (vinitta okkur stendr grunnt).
m. [the Goth. form would be grundus; Ulf. afgrundiþa = ἄβυσσος; akin to grunn, n.]:—the bottom of sea or water; draga e-n til grunns, to drag one to the bottom, Al. 174; fór öngullinn til grunns, Edda 36; langskipin sukku í grunn niðr, Anal. 203: plur., síðan fór hann niðr til grunna, then he sank down to the bottom, Bs. i. 355; en jafnskjótt er hann kom til grunna, id.; niðr á grunnum í sjálfu sjávar-djúpinu, Stj. 288; hann kafaði niðr til grunna, Eg. 142; sökkva til grunna (metaph.), to come to naught, Symb. 19; segja menn at hann lysti af honum höfuðit við grunninum, Edda (Arna-Magn.) i. 170, is a false reading instead of við hrönnunum (Ub.), cp. hlusta grunn við hrönnum, Hd. (Edda 54), of which poem the prose is a paraphrase.
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m. [Germ. gründling; Ivar Aasen grunnung; from grunnr]:—a groundling, a fish that lives in shoal water, Edda (Gl.); in mod. usage called þara-fiskr.
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adj. goggle-eyed: mod. úteygðr, ‘out-eyed,’ opp. to inneygðr, ‘in-eyed,’ Fms. ii. 20.
n. a breaker on a shoal.
n. a breaker on a shoal, Nj. 267, Eg. 405, Bs. i. 453, ii. 50.
a. fast aground.
adj. fast aground, Bs. ii. 48.
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n. shoals left by the ebb tide, Nj. 124 (Lat. Ed.), v. l.
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n. pl. anchor-tackle, a cable; draga upp g., to weigh anchor, Fms. ii. 17; þurfti hit mikla skip góðra grunnfæra, vi. 310; skip þau er fest vóru með grunnfaerum, x. 68.
a. shallow-minded, silly.
adj. shallow-minded, silly, Fas. ii. 337.
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f. silliness, Fas. ii. 354.
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adj. boundless; grunnlaust grepps æði, a boundless poetical mind, (or grunlaust, q. v.), Ad. 2.
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n. a thin or shallow soil, Barl. 18.
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n. shallow soundings in the sea.
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n. pl. fish marks upon shoal places or near the shore.
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u, f. a lead, plumb, (mod.)
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f. shoals.
pp. hard frozen.
part. hard frozen, Fbr. 36: mod. botn-frosinn.
adv. foolishly.
adv. foolishly, Fms. vi. 295.
a. foolish.
adj. shallow-sighted, foolish, Hkr. iii. 112.
a. shallow-witted, foolish.
adj. shallow-witted, foolish, Bjarn. 39; opp. to djúpsær.
n. shallow water.
n. shallow water, Fas. ii. 316, Nj. 124, Fb. i. 539, 541.
a. shallow-minded.
adj. shallow-minded, Ísl. ii. 339.
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adj. thin-witted, Niðrst. 7.
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f. shallowness, credulity, Fas. ii. 354, Am. 70.
(-ar, -ir), m. suspicion, doubt, uncertainty (e-m er ~ á e-u);
grafa grun á (um e-t), to suspect;
hafa grun á e-m um e-t, to suspect one of a thing;
e-m leikr ~ á, um e-t, one feels suspicious about a thing;
draga gruni á um e-t, to conceive a suspicion of;
renna grunum á e-t, to doubt, to guess at;
búa um grun, to be suspected;
um grun, by guile (sem þetta væri eigi um grun gört).
m., pl. ir, [the forms grundr (q. v.) and grunda (q. v.) seem to indicate a double final, viz. grunnr and grunna; as to the sense, suspicion may be metaph. derived from a shoal or ground, and grunr may be akin to grunn, grunnr; else phrases such as grafa grun could scarcely be explained: no special word answering to grunr appears in the Saxon or Germ.]:—suspicion, Grág. i. 263, Ld. 262, Lv. 21, Fms. i. 58, ii. 87, x. 335, Hkr. ii. 267: the phrase, grafa grun á um e-t, to ‘dig the ground’ for a thing, to suspect, Bs. i. 871.
a. suspicious-looking (þú ert g. maðr).
adj. suspicious looking, ill-favoured, Finnb. 338 C.
a. unsuspecting; trúa guði grunlaust, to put absolute faith in God; vera ~ af e-u, to be unsuspected, above suspicion.
adj. unsuspecting; grunlaust æði, a guileless mind, Ad. 2; eigi er mér þat grunlaust, I am not without misgivings, Grett. 159 A, Fas. i. 129; trúa Guði grunlaust, to put one’s trust in God, Ó. T. 37; vera grunlauss af e-u, to be unsuspected, above suspicion, Mar.
a. suspicous-looking.
adj. (-liga, adv.), suspicious looking, Fms. ii. 84, vii. 2; g. meðferð, Mar. 34.
a. suspected (hafa e-n grunsaman).
adj. suspected; hafa e-n grunsaman, Fms. vi. 20.
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(-semi), f. suspicion, H. E. i. 506, Magn. 484, Orkn. 162, Bs. i. 871, Str. 8, 13. grunsemðar-lauss, adj. free from suspicion, H. E. ii. 111.
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ð, to swarm; in the phrase, það úir af grúir af e-u, it swarms and crowds.
I)
(-ða, -t), v. to grovel, to cower or crouch down (hann grúfði at eldinum; þeir ~ í skjöldu sina).
II)
f., in the phrase, liggja á grúfu, to lie face down, on one’s belly.
u, f., in the phrase, á grúfu, grovelling, face down, on one’s belly; symja á grúfu, to swim on one’s belly, Sks. 177, Eg. 107, Fms. vii. 250, Fas. iii. 573, N. G. L. i. 80, Stj. 435, v. l., Art. 73, opp. to opinn (mod. upp í lopt, face up); liggr á grúfu ok horfir upp nef, a riddle of a ‘ladle;’ opinn eða á grúfu, Karl. 259.
2. [cp. gruvesten = hearth-stone, gruva = the hearth, chimney, and gruve-hynna = the chimney-corner, Ivar Aasen]: whence ös-grúi, an ash-pit, Fas. i. (in a verse).
I)
(-ða, -t), v. to grovel, to cower or crouch down (hann grúfði at eldinum; þeir ~ í skjöldu sina).
II)
f., in the phrase, liggja á grúfu, to lie face down, on one’s belly.
ð, [Swed. grufva; Ivar Aasen gruva; and metaph. the Dan. gru = horror, cp. Germ. gräulich = shocking]:—to grovel, crouch or cower down, lie on one’s face; hann grúfði at eldinum, Fs. 100; hann grúfir niðr at Þorgrími, Háv. 56; látum oss ei sem gyltur grúfa, let us not grovel as swine, let us go upright, Bb. 3. 92; Dagon grúfði á góln frammi fyrir örkinni, Stj. 435. 1 Sam. v. 3: denoting fear, to crouch, cower, heiðingjar allir hrökkvask saman, ok grúfa í skjöldu sína and cowered beneath their shields, Karl. 246; grúfa þeir niðr undir hjálma sína ok brynjur, 188; tóku þeir at grúfa undir hjálmum ok skjöldum, 296.
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a, m. [grúa], a crowd, swarm, prob. akin to grúfa; metaph. from ants, insects, maggots, or the like: in compds, mann-grúi, a crowd of men.
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m., gen. ar, thick gruel-like oil.
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u, f. an ugly hag: grybbuligr, adj.
f. hole, pit.
u, f. a hole, pit, Sturl. i. 83 C, Þorst. Síðu H. 176.
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t, to see dimly, as through a cloud, það gryllir til lands: impers. to recollect dimly, mig gryllir til pess.
(-ti, -t), v. impers. to become shallower; grynnir dalinn, the dale became less deep;
refl., ~st = ~ (þá er grynntist yfir at landinu).
t, [grunnr], impers. to become shallow; grynnir dalinn (acc.), the dale became shallow, less deep, in advancing higher up in a dale, Bárð. 173: reflex., id., Bs. i. 355; þá er grynntisk yfir at landinu, Fms. viii. 170: metaph., kostr okkarr grynnisk, Bs. ii. 133: in mod. usage freq. act. and absol., það grynnir, fer að grynna.
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f. pl. shoals, shallows, Sks. 224.
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ð, = grúfa, Fms. viii. 332.
adv. hideously.
adv. [grúfa; Germ. gräulich; Dan. gruelig; Swed. grulig; Ivar Aasen gruvaleg]:—prop. ‘grovellingly,’ metaph. shockingly, Fb. ii. 26.
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ð, [Swed. grya; Dan. grye = to dawn], to dawn: in Icel. the verb grýja is not used, but can be supposed from the following grýjandi; cp. the Germ. der tag graut, Göthe’s Faust.
f. dawn (rare).
f. [Dan. gry = dawn; Swed. gryning], dawn, the first grey of daylight; í grýjandina, in the grey of morning, an απ. λεγ., Fms. (Sverr. S.) pref. xxii. to p. 398.
f.
1) giantess;
2) bug-bear (ekki hirði ek um grýlur yðrar).
u, f. an ogre, answering to the Gr. μορμώ, Lat. lamia, used to frighten children with, represented as an old hag with a bag kidnapping and devouring naughty children—over the good she has no power: the songs Grýlu-kvæði, n. (vide Snót 286–298, 2nd Ed.), are great favourites in popular lore: in olden times grýla was sometimes described as a fox with many tails; the fox is in Edda (Gl.) called grýla; a giantess also in Edda (Gl.) is so called; cp. the rhymes in Sturl. ii. 59,—hér fer Grýla í garð ofan | ok hefir á sér hala fimtán; and the mod.,—Grýla reið fyrir ofan garð, hafði hala fimtán | en í hverjum hala hundrað belgi, en í hverjum belgi börn tuttugu, etc.
II. a bugbear; ekki hirði ek um grýlur yðrar, Þórð. 26 new Ed.; þótti þeir hafa gört sér grýlur um sumarit, Sturl. iii. 244; hví mun ek eigi fara hina skemri leiðina ok hræðask ekki grýlur Bruna, Fas. ii. 118; kölluðu menn því enn fyrra hlut (of a book) grýlu, at margir töluðu at þá efnaðisk nokkurr ótti eðr hræðsla, … en mundi skjótt niðr falla ok at alls engu verða, Fb. ii. 534. For the mod. popular tales of Grýla see esp. Ísl. Þjóðs. i. 218–221.
I)
(-tta, -ttr), v.
1) to stone one to death (g. e-n í hel, til bana);
2) g. á e-n, at e-m, to pelt one with stones.
II)
f. pot.
u, f. [grjót; Dan. gryde; Swed. gryta], a pot (earthen), Stj. 317, Fms. vii. 232; the MS. Gloss. 1812 renders the Lat. olla by grýta. grytu-ker, n. = grýta, Greg. 34, Hom. 83.
I)
(-tta, -ttr), v.
1) to stone one to death (g. e-n í hel, til bana);
2) g. á e-n, at e-m, to pelt one with stones.
II)
f. pot.
tt, [grjót], to stone; g. e-n, to stone one to death, Landn. 236, Fms. v. 222, vi. 408, Stj. 256; g. at e-m, á e-n, to pelt one with stones, Fs. 36, 37, Eg. 581, Fms. i. 218, vii. 82, Hðm. 26, Stj. 402.
f. stoning (to death).
f. a pelting with stones, stoning, 415. 13, Mar. 17.
a. stony.
adj. stony, Hrafn. 4.
f. malice, hostility (= gráleikr).
f. [grár], malice, Sturl. ii. 178.
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dd, [gróðr]:
I. to make grow, to plant, Barl. 99; græða tönnina í hundinn, Bs. ii. 148: to produce, jörð sú er græddi þorna ok þistla, Eluc. 45; marga mjök góða hluti græðir heimr sjá til várra nytja, 677. 11.
2. to gain, make money; hann græddi þar brátt mikit fé, Ld. 100, 102, Band. 1, Grett. 61 new Ed.; þá græddi hann fé, Landn. 141.
3. reflex. to increase; Guð lét alla hans eigu mikilliga græðask, Stj. 198; græddisk heldr vindrinn, the wind increased, Grett. 113 new Ed.; hafði mikit á græðsk (the money had much increased) meðan hann var í brottu, Nj. 10, Fs. 131: in mod. usage also absol., græða, to make money: a dairy term, græða and græða sik, to give more milk; or adding the measure, hón (the cow) hefir grætt mörk.
II. to heal; konungr lét g. menn sína er lífs var auðit, Eg. 34; g. sjúka, Post. 686 B. 1, Niðrst. 2; síðan græddi Þórðr Bersa, Korm. 132, Fms. viii. 120, x. 263: reflex. to be healed, Greg. 15: græðandi, part. healable, Fms. viii. 120.
f. greediness, gluttony.
f. greediness, gluttony, Stj. 161.
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f. growth, Hom. 24: a healing, cure, Greg. 20, 45, H. E. i. 476; ný-græðingr, the green crop in the spring.
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m. the leech-finger, digitus medicus.
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adj. healable, Bs. ii. 182.
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u, f., botan. the plantain, plantago.
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u, f. cure, healing, Grett. 73.
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a, m. a healer, saviour, Fms. iii. 166, x. 374, Hom. 36, 52, Mar. 2, Stj. 144, 241.
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adj. [grafa], fit to be buried (according to the eccl. law), K. Á. 48; kirkju-græfr, having a right to burial at a church.
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d, to paint green, N. G. L. i. 104.
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að, to make green, Lex. Poët.: to become green, freq.
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(i. e. grœnn), adj. [not recorded in Ulf., as Luke xxiii. 31 and Mark vi. 39 are lost; A. S. grêne; Engl. green; Hel. grôni; O. H. G. kruoni; Genn. grün; Swed.-Dan. grön; derived from gróa, to grow]:—green, of verdure; grænn laukr, a green leech, Vsp. 4; er haugr hans ávallt grænn vetr ok sumar, Landn. 86; græn jörð ok fögr, Edda 44; grænt sumar, a green summer, Anal. 217; grænir dalar, green dales, Karl. 266; grænt klæði, H. E. i. 492; grænn sem sjór, Rb. 354.
2. fresh; grænt kjöt, fresh meat, Stj. 493; grænn fiskr, fresh fish, Þiðr. 70, Bs. ii. 144.
II. metaph. green, hopeful, good; þá er hóf at, ok væntum at nokkut grænt mun fyrir liggja, then it is well, and let us hope that some green spot may lie ahead, Fs. 24; sá mun nú grænstr (the most hopeful choice) at segja satt, Finnb. 226; flyt þú mik aptr til eyjar minnar, ok mun sá grænstr, and that will be the best thou canst do, 258; þeir leitaðu brott, síðan þeir sá engan annan grænna, Karl. 212.
III. in local names, Græna-land, n. …
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u, f. verdure, Stj. 29.
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part. green-stained, Sks. 188 C.
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að, to be yellow-green, of deep water; grængolandi hylr.
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m. greenness, verdure, Orkn. 172.
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adj. of or belonging to Greenland; vide Grænn.
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adj. greenish, Sks. 499.
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f. a green spot, Gísl. 158.
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ð, to cover with green turf, Þjal. 36.
f. malice (= græð).
u, f. [grár], malice, Sturl. i. 105, v. l.; Sighvatr tók undir í gamni, ok með nokkurri svá græsku (mockingly), ii. 178. græsku-lauss, adj. without malice: in the phrase, græskulaust gaman, a sport without malice.
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tt, [grátr], to make one ‘greit’ or weep, distress one, Fas. ii. 174, Stj. 323; þú lézt grætta Gunnlöðu, Hm. 110; grættr, grieved, Sl. 26.
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n. pl. tears, sorrow, Hðm. 1, Skv. 3. 61, Gkv. 2. 10.
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adv. sadly.
(gen. grafar; pl. grafir and grafar), f.
1) pit, ditch (grafa g.);
2) grave; þat mein leiddi hann til grafar, caused his death.
f., gen. grafar, [Ulf. graba = χάραξ, Luke xix. 43], a pit, hole dug; settr í gröf, put into a pit, Grág. ii. 131; þar var undir gröf djúp, Eg. 234; íllvirkja gröf, a den of thieves, Greg. 40. Matth. xxi. 13; ór hellum ok gröfum, 623. 58: in the saying, sér grefr gröf þó grafi, Sams. 19, Kveldv. ii. 193; ef blindr leiðir blindan þá falla þeir báðir í gröfina, Matth. xv. 14: a charcoal pit, Grág. ii. 297; kola-gröf, a coal pit, peat pit, Vm. 156; mó-gröf, torf-gröf; grafar-görð, burning charcoal, Grág. ii. 298, Jb. 239, Dipl. v. 3; grafar-menn, pitmen, Hkr. ii. 249: freq. as a local name, Gröf and Grafir, prob. from charcoal pits. grafar-lækr, m. a brook which has dug itself a deep bed, a hollow brook, Sturl. iii. 257.
II. [Engl. grave; Germ. grabe; Dan. grav; Swed. graf], a grave, Ld. 286, and in numberless instances. grafar-bakki, a, m. and grafar-barmr, m. the verge of the grave: in the phrase, vera kominn á grafar-bakkann, to stand on the edge of the grave.
(gen. graftar and graftrar, dat. grefti and greftri), m.
1) digging (vera at grefti);
2) burial, interment; veita e-m gröft, to bury;
3) tomb;
4) carving.
(and gröptr less correctly), m., gen. graftar, dat. grefti, the mod. with radical r in gen. and dat. graftrar, greftri, but acc. gröft (never gröftr); the ancients use both forms, graftrar, Eb. 176, Fms. vii. 174, viii. 236, x. 175, xi. 17; greftri, vi. 401; grefti, viii. 236, ix. 4; greftar, N. G. L. i. 345, 347, 368: [A. S. gräft]:—a digging; fauska-g., Landn. 303: engraving, Stj. 45.
2. burial, Hom. 97, K. Þ. K. 24, passim (vide above): a tomb, Fms. xi. 307.
COMPDS: graftardagr, graftarkirkja, graftarreitr, graftarstaðr, graftartíð.
II. medic. matter (of a sore); whence graftar-kyli, n. a running sore; graftar-nagli, a, m. the core in a boil.
I)
(gen. granar, pl. granar), f.
1) the hair on the upper lip, moustache (svá ungr, at eigi mun g. sprottin);
2) lip; legðu munn við g., lay thy mouth to his lips; e-m bregðr vá fyrir g., one is startled, alarmed; bregða grönum, to draw back the lips, grin; in pl. the lips of a cow or bull.
II)
(gen. granar), f. pine-tree.
1. f., gen. granar, [mid. H. G. gran], the moustache; skegg heitir barð, grön eðr kanpar, Edda 109; líttú á ljúfan, legg þú munn við grön, Gkv. 1. 13; hann var ungligr maðr svá at honum var ekki grön sprottin, Ld. 272; láttu grön sía, sonr, sip, sift it through the beard, my son, Edda 148: in the phrase, e-m bregðr vá fyrir grön, a danger passes one’s beard, i. e. one is startled, alarmed, Fms. viii. 350, 417, Grett. 165 new Ed.; ek læt ýring skýra um grön, I sift the drink through my beard, Eg. (in a verse); ef maðr höggr nef af manni, … en ef svá er at grön fylgir, N. G. L. i. 171; kápu þeirri er gör var af grön jöfra, the cap which was made of kings’ beards, Fas. i. 284, cp. the tale in Tristr. S.; komað vín á grön mína, wine never wetted my beard, Þorf. Karls. 418: it is used in plur. denoting the beard of the upper and lower lips: in the saying, nú er eg svo gamall sem á grönum má sjá, in the nursery tale of the changeling, answering to the Germ. ‘nun bin ich so alt wie der Westerwald,’ see Grimm’s Märchen: the phrase, bregða grönum, to draw back the lips, grin, so as to shew the teeth, Nj. 199; cp. …
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m. = gransprettingr, Clem. 30, Róm. 308.
a. grassy, grass-grown.
adj. grassy, Hrafn. 27, Stj. 325.
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að, (gubb, n.), to vomit.
m. (and n.), God.
m.; the plur. used to render the Lat. dii is guðir; [for etymology and changes of this word see p. 207]:—God.
A. Though the primitive form Goð rhymes with boð (bidding), stoð (help), and many other words, the second form Guð rhymes with no single word, so that in hymns the poets are wont to use incomplete rhymes, as brauð (bread), nauð (need); and exact rhymes can only be obtained by the last syllables of derivatives, e. g. Iðranin blíðkar aptur Guð | ei verður syndin tilreiknuð, Pass. 40. 4; or Upphaf alls mesta ófögnuðs | áklögun ströng og reiði Guðs, 3. 14; Svo er nú syndin innsigluð | iðrandi sála kvitt við Guð, 50. 14; but these rhyme-syllables can only occur in trisyllabic words (Gramm. p. xv):—the following are examples of incomplete rhymes, Vinir þér enga veittu stoð | svo vinskap fengi eg við sannan Guð, Pass. 3. 7; Föðurlegt hjarta hefir Guð | við hvern sem líðr kross og nauð, 3. 16; Herra minn þú varst hulinn Guð | þá hæðni leiðst og krossins nauð, 40. 16; as also in the hymn, Til þín Heilagi Herra Guð | hef eg lypt sálu minni | af hug og hjarta í hverri neyð | hjástoð treystandi þinni, Hólabók 108, rendering of Ps. …
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að, to shout ‘God;’ in Icel. it is the custom for a stranger arriving at a house at night after ‘day-set’ (dagsetr, q. v.), instead of knocking at the door, to climb to the louvre and shout, hér sé Guð, God be here! this is called að guða; the dialogue is well given in a ditty of Stefán Ólafsson, Hott, hott og hæ! Hér sé Guð í bæ! sælt fólkið allt! mér er sárkalt.—Svöruðu heima-hjú, Hvað heitir þú?—Eg heiti Jón, Jóhanns þjón, etc.; or in another ditty, Her sé Guð á góðum bæ | gestr er á ljóra | andsvörin eg engin fæ | ekki vaknar Þóra; or Guðað er nú á glugga | góðvinr kominn er, Jónas 119.
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n. godlike, divine power, Hom. 66.
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m., id., Ísl. i. 386, Mar. 5.
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f. the sun of the Godhead, Hom. 47.
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(-vald), n. the kingdom of God, Mar.
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adv. divinely, Karl. 341, passim.
a. god-like, divine.
adj. godlike, divine, Sks. 601, passim.
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adv. recklessly, Mar. 561.
a. ungodly.
adj. [reka], driving God away, ungodly, wicked; g. glæpr, Stj. 385. Judges xx. 13, Mar. 147.
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f. piety, freq. in mod. usage. ☞ Neither of the two words is recorded in old writers; on the other hand, in mod. usage guðrækilegr = wicked is disused, to avoid a painful ambiguity.
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f. [Ormul. goddspellboc], a ‘gospel-book,’ evangelistarium, Vm. 6, 7, Dipl. v. 18, K. Á. 88, Mar. 1 passim, Barl. 31.
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a, m. a ‘gospel-stand,’ lectern, Vm. 108.
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m. a ‘gospel-man,’ an evangelist, Stj. 144, Barl. 49, Sks. 562; at frásögn Mathias (Johannes, Markus, Lukas) guðspjallamanns, Mar. 1; still used so in Icel.
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u, f. the gospel history.
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n. a ‘gospel-poet,’ evangelist, Clem. 52; Johannes Postuli guðspjallaskáld, Johann. 11; (this word is not used.)
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u, f. id., Pass. 11.
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m. ‘gospel-cross,’ Vm. 66, 73, 109.
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adj. evangelical, Hom. 39, 655 vii. 2, Bs. ii. 91; guðspjallig kenning, Skálda 210.
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m. a cape of velvet, Vm. 93.
n. pl. a suit of clothes made of guðvefr.
n. a suit of clothes of g., Ld. 28, Fas. ii. 528.
m. kirtle of guðvefr.
m. a kirtle of g., Fms. v. 160, Fas. ii. 97.
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m. a mantle of g., Stj. 355. Josh. vii. 21 (a goodly garment).
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n. a pallet of g., Fms. v. 274, vi. 2, Fas. i. 274, Karl. 470.
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a, m. a bag of g., Ld. 188.
f. kirtle of guðvefr.
u, f. a kirtle of g.; þá skal dóttir taka í arf móður sinnar ef bróðir lifir, klæði öll nema guðvefjar-skikkjur ok ó-skorin klæði öll, þat á bróðir, N. G. L. i. 210, Stj. 363, Fms. vi. 186.
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f. a cord of g., funiculus coccineus of the Vulgate, Stj. 377.
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adj. godlike, of the sun, Edda (in a verse): of Christ, Lb. 24.
m. godhead, divinity.
m. Godhead, Divinity, Rb. 338, Gþl. 40, Fagrsk. 11, Clem. 54.
COMPDS: Guðdómsafl, Guðdómskraptr, Guðdómssól, Guðdómsveldi.
f. god-daughter.
f. a god-daughter, K. Á. 216.
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m. God the Lord, Grág. ii. 167, Mar. 613, Sighvat.
m. godfather.
m. [A. S. godfæder], a godfather, Fs. 96, Hallfred.
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n. pl. god-parents.
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f. ungodliness, Orkn. (in a verse).
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f. theology, divinity, guð-fræðingr, m. a theologian.
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part. given by God, inspired, Bs. ii. 179.
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f. a gift of God, Mar.
a. godfearing.
adj. God-fearing, Fbr. 89, Bs. i. passim, Fms. xi. 221, Barl. 32.
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u, f. fear of God, Fms. iii. 168, Rb. 80, Sks. 477, Mar. 484, passim. guðhræðslu-leysi, n. contempt of God, Mar. 472.
(að), v. to blaspheme.
að, [Germ. Gott lästern], to blaspheme, Bs. i. 16, Mar. 39, Stj. 320, Fb. i. 371.
f. blasphemy.
f. blasphemy, 625. 49, Bs. i. 10, 450, Stj. 14.
a. ungodly.
adj. ungodly, Bs. ii. 160.
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adj. godless, reckless, cruel.
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adj. God-forsaken, Lex. Poët.
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f. godlessness, impiety, Stj. 51.
n. godlessness.
n. godlessness, recklessness, cruelty, Fms. ii. 162.
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adv. after a godly sort, Stj. 250 passim: christian-like.
a. godlike, divine.
adj. godlike, divine, Sks. 559, Stj. 45, 189, Bs. passim; ó-guðligr, ungodly.
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f. a godmother, K. Á. 216.
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n. Divine saying, word of God, Sl. 47.
m. traitor to God, apostate, renegaade.
m. a traitor to God, a renegade, Nj. 272, Fms. i. 84, viii. 308, xi. 41, 274, Fs. 173; e. g. Julian the Apostate is rendered by Julianus Guðníðingr. guðníðings-skapr, m. apostacy, Fms. iii. 89.
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u, f. blasphemy, Post. (Unger) 122, v. l.
a. righteous.
adj. ‘God-right,’ righteous, Fms. v. 219, viii. 258, xi. 279.
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n. wickedness, Sks.
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f. pl., poët. the doom of the gods, Gísl. (in a verse).
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(qs. guð-rœkinn, from rœkja), adj. God-serving, pious.
a. ungodly.
adj. wicked; guðrækir menn, 623. 30; g. glæpamaðr, Mar. 431: g. manndrápari, 434; enn kunngi ok enn goðræki, 623. 11.
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a, m. a gossip, godfather, N. G. L. i. 392, Str. 15.
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1. adj. god-relatives; guðsifja þrír eigu ór dómi at rísa, Grág. (Kb.) i. 47; but guðsifjar, 158.
2. u, f. a female gossip, godmother, N. G. L. i. 16, 350.
f. pl. spiritual relationship, sponsorship; veita e-m ~, to be a sponsor (godfather) to.
f. pl. [A. S. godsebi, whence Engl. gossip; O. H. G. gotsip; eccl. Lat. cognatio spiritualis]:—sponsorship; veita e-m guðsifjar, eiga, göra g. við e-n, Grág. i. 50, N. G. L. i. 16, 350, Nj. 235, Fms. i. 130, Fs. 115, Hkr. i. 220. guðsifja-spell, n. incestuous connection of god-relatives, Fr.
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að, dep. to enter into sponsorship with one, N. G. L. i. 426.
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n. ordeal, N. G. L. i. 211.
n. gospel.
n., the form goðspill, Greg. 24; guðspillum, 656 A. i. 10: [A. S. godspell; Engl. gospel, i. e. gôð spell, a translation of the Gr. εὐ-αγγέλιον; Ormul. godd-spell—goddspell onn Ennglissh nemmnedd iss god (i. e. good) word and god tiþennde, god errnde … goddspell annd forrþi maȝȝ itt wel, god errnde ben ȝehatenn, Introd. 157 sqq.; (the form godd-spell, not godspell, shews that at the time of the Ormulum the root vowel had become short in Engl. pronunciation.) The word was in Icel. borrowed from English missionaries, and Icel. remains the only Scandin. country where the Evangel is called Gospel; Danes, Swedes, and Norsemen, as well as Germans, use the Greek word. The true etymological sense, however, was lost, probably because the root vowel had become short in Engl. by the time that the word was transplanted to Icel., so that guðspjall was understood to mean not good spell, but God’s spell]:—gospel; í þann tima er lokið var guðspjalli, Ó. H. 119 (the gospel in the service-book); pistlar ok guðspjöll, epistles and gospels, Vm. 1; með tíu laga boðorðum ok fjórum guðspjöllum, Mar. 13.
COMPDS: guðspjallabók, guðspjallskross, guðspjallalektari, guðspjallamaðr, guðspjallasaga, guðspjallshistoria, guðspjallaskáld. …
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a, m. a gospeller, evangelist, Játv. 18.
m. a costly fabic used for garments, etc.; ? velvet.
m., old form goðvefr, [A. S. godweb; O. H. G. cotaweppi and gotoweppi]:—good or costly weaving, i. e. velvet; ok góðbornir smugu í goðvefi, Hðm. 17; gulli ok guðvefjum, Ghv. 16; purpura ok tvílitaðan guðvef, Stj. 307. Exod. xxv. 4 (purple and scarlet); eina festi af guðvef, funiculus coccineus, 351. Josh. ii. 15; kantara-kápa af guðvef, Vm. 68; tvö pells altaris-klæði ok hit þriðja hvers-dagligt með guðvef, 80; skikkju nýskorna af hinum dýrasta guðvef, Fms. vi. 52; silki ok pell ok guðvef, xi. 385; vefa guðvef, iii. 178; á dúni ok á guðvefi, x. 379; var kistan sveipð pelli ok tjaldat allt guðvefjum, Ó. H. 229; guðvefr. of a cloak lined with grey fur, Rekst. 30.
COMPDS: guðvefjarhökull, guðvefjarklæði, guðvefjarkyrtill, guðvefjarmöttull, guðvefjarpell, guðvefjarpoki, guðvefjarskikkja, guðvefjartaug.
f. vapour, steam.
u, f. [gov and gova, Ivar Aasen; Scot. gow], vapour, steam; þeir leggja eld í viðinn, en þeir vakna við gufuna er inni eru, Fas. i. 135; annarr reykr stóð í lopt upp við annan, ok svá mikil gufa varð af þeim ókyrrleik, að varla sá þá hæstu turna borgarinnar, Konr. 35: as a nickname, Landn.: in local names, Gufu-nes, Gufu-dalr, Gufu-skálar, prob. from the steam of hot wells; in mod. usage also, gufu-skip, -bátr, m. a steam-boat, -maskína, -vél, f. a steam-engine.
2. metaph. a slow fellow, a gow, creeping about like a mist, hann er mesta gufa.
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part. quailing.
(að), v. to lose heart, quail.
að, to quail, Sturl. i. 2, Fas. ii. 59.
f.
1) = gola;
2) = gulusótt.
(gola), u, f. a fair breeze, metaph. opportunity, Al. 99.
f.
1) = gola;
2) = gulusótt.
n. and Guley, f. a local name in central Norway (Sogn): Gula-þing, n. the parliament in Gula; Gulaþings-bók, f. the code of laws for Gula; Gulaþings-lög, n. pl. the law of Gula, N. G. L., Eg. ch. 57, Fms. passim; Gulaþings-menn, m. the men of Gula; Gulaþing-staðr, m. the place of G., Gþl. 6.
f.
1) = gola;
2) = gulusótt.
u, f. yellowness, medic. jaundice, and gulu-sótt, f. id., Fms. xi. 202.
n.
1) gold;
2) = fingrgull.
n., in the oldest MSS. spelt goll, Eluc., Hom., and this is the rhyming sound in old poets; hollan, golli, Sighvat; fingr-goll, trollum, Kormak; golls and þolli, id.: [Ulf. gulþ; A. S., Engl., Germ. gold; Dan. guld; Swed. and Norse gull]:—gold; var hár hans golli keypt, Eluc. 48; ór silfri eða ór golli, Hom. 138, Al. 116; it gjalla gull, Fm. 20, Vsp. 8: gold as payment, told by weight, Fms. i. 15, ii. 76, vii. 235, xi. 77; rautt gull, red gold; bleikt gull, yellow gold, v. 346; gull brennt, refined gold, Dipl. iii. 4; skírt gull, hreint gull, pure gold, Stj. 563: allit., gull ok gimsteina, Al. 170, Bs. i. 134; gull ok gersemar (freq.); in the saying, það er ekki allt gull sem glóir, ‘tis not all gold that glitters: gulls-litr, m. gold colour, Fms. vi. 143, Magn. 514:—as to the value or course of gold, átta merkr gangsilfrs er mörk gulls, þrem tigum sinna skal blásilfr vega móti gulli, tíu sinnum skírt silfr móti gulli, 732. 16, Fs. 8–10, passim: metaph., grípa gulli á við e-n (vide grípa): = fingr-gull, Ulf. fingra-golþ, a finger ring, Stj. …
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n. the poet of Gullbrá, a nickname, Fms.
a. golden.
adj. golden, hardly used save in poetry; gullnar töflur, Vsp. 60; gullin ker, Gm. 7; gullnum stóli á, seated in a golden chair, Hm. 105; of gullna sali, the golden halls, Fsm. 5; g. gunnfáni, Hkv. 2. 17; gullin simu, golden thrums, 1. 3 (the thrums of the Norns).
COMPDS: gullinbursti, gullinhorni, gullinkambi, gullinstóla, gullintanni, gullintoppa.
m. gold-mane.
a, m. gold-mane, name of the hog of Frey, Edda, Hdl. 7.
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a, m. golden-horn, name of an ox, Edda; the ancients used to ornament the horns of the finest of their cattle (metfé), vide Sturl. i. 106; ganga hér at garði gullhyrndar kýr, yxn alsvartir, Þkv. 23, Hkv. Hjörv. 4.
m. gold comb.
a, m. golden-comb, a mythol. cock, Vsp.
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u, f. rendering of the Gr. χρυσόθρονος, Od.
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a, m. gold-teeth, name of the god Heimdal, Edda.
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u, f., botan. gold-tuft, the sea-pink or thrift, statice armeria.
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adj. belonging to the g., Karl. 286.
m. golden age.
m. the golden age, Edda 9.
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a, m. the banner of Charlemagne, Karl. passim.
a. rich in gold.
adj. rich in gold, Edda 49, Fms. vii. 145, 146, Fas. iii. 284, Clar. 130.
m. wealth in gold.
m. wealth in gold, Fms. vii. 145.
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n. pl. golden eyes, Fas. iii. 384 (in the tale of the giant, similar to the Greek tale of Polyphemus).
n. golden head-band.
n. a golden head-band, Lv. 21, Edda 21, Ísl. ii. 206.
m. gold ring.
m. a gold ring, Edda 72, 75, Gullþ. 23, Fas. iii. 44.
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m. pl. gold-legs, a nickname from wearing gold lace, Orkn. 418 old Ed.
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n. a gold mine, Stj. 85.
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a, m. gold-bearer, a nickname, Landn.; or perh. = goldkind in the German tales (?).
a. golden-bitted.
part. gold-bitted (a horse), Hkv. i. 41.
m. bit (bridle) of gold.
m. a bit of gold, Hkv. 2. 34.
a. bright as gold.
adj. bright as gold, Hbl. 30.
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a, m. gold lace, Vm. 21.
(að), v. to embroider in gold.
að, to embroider in gold, Gkv. 2. 14.
f.
1) gold boss;
2) golden bull (bulla aurea).
u, f. a gold boss, Konr. 57: golden bull, bulla aurea, Fms. viii. 301.
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f. gold-brow, nickname of a lady-love.
f. golden coat of mail.
u, f. a golden coat of mail, Skv. 3. 45.
pp. ornamented with gold.
part. ornamented with gold, Eg. 180, 726, Karl. 226.
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m. a golden ball, Karl. 474.
m. gold pin.
m. a gold buckle, Gísl. 55.
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n. pl. a golden chain, MS. 4. 32.
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a, m. drops of gold, Bret. 14.
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n. a golden apple, Bret. 30, 40.
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adj. fair as gold, charming.
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a, m. gold-mane (name of a horse), Edda.
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part. stained with gold, Fas. ii. 370.
f. gold chain.
f. a gold chain, El. 99.
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m. = fingr-gull, D. N.
pp. embroidered in gold.
part. golden, woven, dyed in gold, Nj. 46, Fas. ii. 239.
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f. gold-quill, name of a code of laws, Fms. viii. 277.
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m. a bird of gold, Karl. 441.
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adj. of pure gold, Fas. i. 316, Fb. i. 347.
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f. a golden girth, Karl. 312, Bær. 2.
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part. made of gold, Str. 4.
a. skilled in working gold.
adj. skilled in working gold, Bs. i. 325.
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n. pl., in the phrase, slá e-m gullhamra, to work one with golden hammers, i. e. to flatter one.
m. pl. gold-necks, lordlings.
m. pl. gold-necks, lordlings, Fms. vii. 127, viii. 230.
a. golden-haired.
adj. golden-haired, Fas. i. 457.
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m. the golden world, the golden age, Bret. 4.
f. bar of gold.
u, f. a bar of gold, Fas. iii. 10.
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u, f. a gold treasury, Hom. 58.
n. gold hill.
n. a hilt of gold, Karl. 286.
m. golden helmet.
m. a golden helmet, Edda 36, Fms. i. 44: a nickname, Gísl.
n. gold lace (esp. to tie up the hair with).
or gull-lað, n. gold lace, esp. to tie up the hair with, Nj. 35, Ld. 272, Hkr. ii. 28, Orkn. 370; altara-klæði með gullhlöðum, Vm. 26; kross með gullhlað, altaris-dúkr ok er þar á g., höfuðlín með g., 36; altara-klæði fjögr ok á einu stórt g., 54.
pp. laced with gold.
part. laced with gold, Nj. 169.
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f. a golden nut, Fas. iii. 227.
m. gold ring.
m. a gold ring, Nj. 10, 35, Fms. i. 51, Boll. 356, passim.
n. jewel-chest.
n. a treasure house, Fms. x. 172: a jewel chest, Sturl. ii. 108 (of a lady), Stj. 438. 1 Sam. vi. 15.
a. golden-horned.
part. golden-horned, Hkv. Hjörv. 4.
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m. gold-hat, a nickname.
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(-kalikr), m. a golden chalice, Bs. i. 83, Vm. 52, Dipl. ii. 11, iii. 4.
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m. a golden comb. Fas. iii. 480.
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m. the golden calf, Stj. Exod. xxxii.
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n. a golden vessel, Symb. 22, Karl. 323, Stj. 437.
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u, f. a gold chest, Fms. vii. 249, xi. 85: in peroration of popular tales, þar vóru gullkistur um gólf dregnar, Ísl. Þjóðs.
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f., Bs. i. 818 (dubious).
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part. gold buttoned, Eg. (in a verse).
m. gold button; gold knob.
m. a gold button, Eg. 516: a gold knob, Fms. iii. 136: a nickname, Harð. S.
m. gold knot.
m. a gold knot, Nj. 46.
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m. a gold ball, Fms. iii. 186.
f. golden crown.
u, f. a golden crown, Fas. iii. 213, Stj. 206.
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m. a golden garland, D. N.
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m. gold-body, a nickname, Fms. ix. 361.
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m. a golden cross, Nj. 256, Fms. x. 15.
(see leggja), v. to lace with gold.
lagði, to lace with gold, Fms. vii. 245, ix. 276, x. 120, Vm. 66, 139, Boll. 356.
a. golden, of gold.
adj. golden, Fms. i. 15, Sks. 39.
n. inlaid figure of gold.
n. pl. ornaments of gold, Þiðr. 110, cp. 30, 364.
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m. gold ore, Bret.
n. gold necklace.
n. a gold necklace, Hkr. i. 20, Fms. i. 216, vi. 271, Stj. 203.
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and gull-merkaðr, part. marked with gold, Karl. 415.
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(-muðr), m. gold-mouth, Chrysostom, Fas. iii. 592, Mar. 37.
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a, m. a gold nail, Stj. 563. 1 Kings vi. 21.
n. gold pin.
n. a locket of gold, Al. 44.
pp. gold-woven.
part. gold-woven, Stj. 206, Fms. ii. 254, iii. 194, v. 280, Karl. 288, Ld. 188.
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m. a golden serpent, 655 ii. 7.
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m. a gold penny, piece of money, Fms. i. 1, v. 319, Rb. 508, Grett. 203 new Ed., Bret. 4.
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n. a gold chain, El.
pp. inlaid with gold (gullrekit spjót).
part. inlaid with gold or gilded (of weapons, spear-heads, axes, etc.), Eg. 726, Nj. 103, Ld. 112, Fms. xi. 28, Fb. ii. 238.
a. gold-striped.
part. id., Fas. i. 138.
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n. a golden fleece, Hb. 732. 17.
pp. written in gold.
part. written in gold, Symb. 56.
pp. gilt.
qs. gull-hroðinn, part. [A. S. hreôdan = pingere], gilt (of helmets, shields, etc.), Eg. 726, Ld. 78, Fms. i. 43, vi. 194, Orkn. 74.
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m. gold sand, Rb. 350.
pp. embroidered with gold.
part. embroidered with gold, Eg. 516, Fs. 7, Fms. x. 329, Vm. 83.
pp. gold-mounted.
part. laid with gold, gilded, Karl. 173 (impers. as in Icel., or else settr applies to gems).
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f. a gold basin, Bret. 59.
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m. gold-beard, a nickname, Fagrsk., Sturl. iii. 111 C.
m. gold shilling.
m. a gold shilling, Hkr. ii. 17.
pp. woven with gold.
part. woven with gold, Fms. iii. 136, iv. 164, x. 16, Konr. 33, Mar. 458, Clar. 135.
m. gold shoe.
m. a gold shoe, Sturl. iii. 291: name of a ship, Ann. 1300.
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f. a gilded tablet, Róm. 382.
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m. a gold shrine, Lex. Poët.
pp. gold-enamelled (of a shield).
part. gold-enamelled (of a shield), Str., Karl. 226.
pp. gold-enamelled (of a shield).
part. id., Fas. iii. 610, Karl. 516, Mag. 7 (Ed.)
m. goldsmith.
m. (pl. gollsmiðar, 655 ii. 7), a goldsmith, Fms. ii. 129, xi. 427, Bs, i. 134: a gold-beetle, lady-bird (opp. to járnsmiðr, a black beetle).
f. goldsmith’s work, working in gold.
f. the goldsmith’s art, working in gold, Bs. i. 483.
m.
1) gold ornament (on ships);
2) gold spoon.
m. a gold ornament on ships, O. H. L. 67: a golden spoon, Mött. 3.
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a, m. a gold spur, Fas. i. 185, Karl. 334.
m. gold sceptre.
a, m. a gold sceptre, Karl. 395.
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a, m. gold-spinning, Bret. 16.
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f. a gold spangle, Rb. 384, Stj. 284.
pp. gold-striped.
part. gold-striped, woven with gold, Clar.
m. golden letter.
m. a golden letter, Greg. 75, Fms. vii. 156, viii. 448.
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n. a golden stoup or cup, Fas. i. 175.
pp. gilt.
part. gold-stained, Karl. 283.
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m. a gold chair, Fas. i. 36, Karl. 471.
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u, f. a golden sleeve, Karl. 405, Art.
f. bar of gold.
f. a bar of gold, Bárð. 179.
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u, f. a gold brooch, Nj. 167, Sturl. iii. 122.
f. golden piece (used in playing).
u, f. a gold brick (used in playing), Edda 44, Fas. ii. 267.
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a, m. gold-tooth, a nickname, Fms. iii. 74.
m. golden rod.
m. a gold pole, Fas. iii. 213.
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m. gold-tuft, name of a mythical horse, Edda 10, 17.
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part. wound with gold, Fms. x. 356.
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u, f. a local name, the Golden Horn in Constantinople (?), Fms. vii. 94.
m. golden wall.
m. a golden wall, Fms. ix. 466.
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f. a mythical proper name, Vsp., prop. ‘Gold-drink,’ Gold-thirst, cp. Lat. auri fames,
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f. pl. gold withies, Fas. iii. 49.
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part. whipped or wrapped in gold, Dipl. iii. 4.
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adj. ‘gold-weighty,’ precious, dear.
m. golden wand.
m. a gold wand, Fms. viii. 193, 623. 23.
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m. gold thread, Dipl. iii. 4.
a. yellow (gult silki).
adj. [A. S. geolu; Engl. yellow; Germ. gelb; Dan.-Swed. guul], yellow; gult silki, hár, Fms. vii. 69, 239, x. 381, Ld. 272, Orkn. (in a verse).
a-yellow-brown.
adj. yellow-brown, Þiðr. 181.
a. yellow-grey.
adj. yellow-grey, Ld. 272.
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adj. yellow-green, Ld. 272.
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u, f., botan. galium vernum.
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f. a kind of duck.
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n, exaggeration, fuss; gumari, a, m. a fop.
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að, in the phrase, guma yfir e-u, to make a great fuss about a thing, exaggerate.
II. [geyma], guma at e-u, to take heed to a thing; eg hefi ekki gumað að því.
(pl. gumar), m. man (poet.).
a, m., pl. gumar and gumnar, Hm. 14, 17, 31, 130; [Ulf. guma = ἀνήρ, Luke xix. 2, Nehem. v. 17, and gumein, adj. = ἄρρην, Mark x. 6; A. S. guma; Hel. gomo; O. H. G. gumo; Germ. in bräuti-gam; Dan. brud-gom; Swed. brud-gumme; the r in Engl. groom is corrupt, vide brúðgumi. The quantity is doubtful; the A. S. guma was prob. long, cp. Engl. groom; the Ormul. spells bridgume as having a long vowel: but the short vowel is favoured by the mod. Icel. pronunciation, as also mod. Dan.-Swed.; so in Lat. we have hŏmo and hūmanus]:—a man; it scarcely occurs in prose: allit., Guðs hús ok guma, Grág. ii. 170; in the old Hm. it occurs about a dozen times as a common expression for man; heima glaðr gumi ok við gesti reifr, Hm. 102; því at færa veit, er fleira drekkr, síns til geðs gumi, 11; glaðr ok reifr skyli gumna hverr, 14; því er gengr um guma, what passes among men, 27, 93; eptir genginn guma, 71; gumna synir, the sons of men, 130; at sá gengr gumi ok mælir við mik, 158: the saying, lítil eru geð guma, little is the human mind, 52; goð ok guma, gods and men, Ls. …
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m. bollom, fundament.
m. the bottom, Lat. podex, Stj. 436, 437. 1 Sam. vi. 5; svartr g. sitr við eld ok ornar sér, a riddle of a pot.
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n. [cp. Swed. gumse = a ram], mockery, raillery, Nj. 220.
(að), v. to scoff at, mock.
að, to mock; g. ok spotta e-n. Glúm. 327; gapa þeir upp ok gumsa hart, ok geyma varla sín, Sörla R. i. 7.
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u, f. [from gugna by way of metath.], a weakling.
COMPDS: gungulegr, gunguskapr.
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adj. faint-hearted.
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m. cowardice.
(gen. -ar, dat. and acc. -i), f. war, battle (poet.).
f., older form guðr, [A. S. gûd; O. H. G. gundia], war, battle, only used in poetry, Lex. Poët. passim.
COMPDS: gunnar-fúss, -gjarn, -örr, -tamðr, adj. warlike, Lex. Poët. gunnar-haukr, m. a hawk. gunn-blíðr, -bráðr, -djarfr, -fíkinn, -hagr, -hvatr, -mildr, -rakkr, -reifr, -snarr, -sterkr, -tamiðr, -tamr, -þorinn, -öfligr, -örðigr, adj. all laudatory epithets = valiant, Lex. Poët.: of weapons and armour, the shield is called gunn-blik, -borð, -hörgr, -máni, -rann, -tjald, -veggr, n.; the sword and spear, gunn-logi, -seiðr, -sproti, -svell, -viti, n.; of the battle, gunn-el, -hríð, -þing, n.; the carrion crow, gunn-gjóðr, -már, -skári, -valr, n.; of the warrior, gunn-nórungr, -slöngvir, -stœrandi, -veitir, -viðurr, -þeysandi, n. etc., vide Lex. Poët.
II. in pr. names; of men, Gunn-arr, Gunn-björn, Gunn-laugr, Gunn-ólfr, Gunn-steinn, etc.; of women, Gunn-hildr, Gunn-laug, Gunn-löð; and in the latter part. …
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m. ‘gonfarron’, war-banner; processional banner.
a, m. a gonfalon, Hkv. 2. 16, Hbl. 38, Hkm. 2: in a church for processions, Am. 76, D. I. passim.
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m. a nickname, Dipl. ii. 5.
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1. að, [gjósa], to gush, spirt out.
2. u, f. a spirt: blóð-gusa, a gush of blood; vatns-g., a spirt of water,
(að), v. to make fuss and noise.
að, [gyss], to make a fuss and noise, Þorst. Síðu H.
(að), v. to blow in gusts.
að, to blow in gusts, Sks. 230.
m.
1) gust;
2) smell.
m. a gust, blast, freq. in mod. usage, Edda 4, Sturl. i. 101, Sks. 212.
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n. a pittance, a charity, vide Guð.
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adj. gusty, chilly, metaph., Grett. 77 new Ed.
a. gusty, chilly (veðrit var gustkalt).
adj. gusty, cold, Fas. ii. 394.
a. gusty.
adj. making a great gust, gusty, Grett. 111.
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að, [gutl], to gurgle, used of the noise made by a liquid when shaken in a bottle.
n.
1) gold;
2) = fingrgull.
m. blown cheeks, puffing out cheeks. gúl-sopi, a, m. a gulp.
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að, to be puffed up, blown up.
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m. a puff: also of wind, norðan-gúlpr, a northern blast.
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or Gvöndr, m. a pet proper name from Guð-mundr: sanitary wells are in Icel. called Gvendar-brunnr, m., from bishop Gudmund’s consecrating wells, Bs. i. 450, Ísl. Þjóðs. ii. 27. Gvendar-ber, n., botan. equisetum arvense. Gvendar-grös, n., botan. a kind of weed.
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m. [Pál Vídal. in Skýr. truly observes that this word is formed, not from Guð, but from Lat. Judaei, through the A. S. form Gjudeas]:—the Jews, Stj., Sks., etc. passim, as also in mod. usage.
COMPDS: Gyðingaland, Gyðingalýðr, Gyðingaveldi, Gyðingligr.
n. Palestine.
n. Jewry, Palestine.
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-þjóð, -fólk, n. etc. the Jewish people.
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n. the Jewish empire, Stj., Sks.
a. Jewish.
adj. Jewish.
f.
1) goddess;
2) priestess.
u, f.
1. [goð], a goddess, Edda passim.
2. [goði], a priestess, Hdl. 12, Yngl. ch. 7; þá kreppi goð gyðju, Kristni S. (in a verse): in nicknames, Þuríðr gyðja, Th. the priestess, Landn.; Þorlaug gyðja, Landn. 64: in compds, blót-gyðja, hof-g., a temple priestess.
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m. a kind of stone, Edda (Gl.)
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or gyggva, prob. an old strong verb of the 1st class, but defect. to quail, lose the heart; ef vér nú gyggjum, in a verse written on a leaf of Cod. Ups. of Edda, prob. from the lost Skáld Helga S.: impers. in the saying, sjaldan hygg ek at gyggi vörum, the wary seldom quails, Mkv.; oss gyggvir geigvænliga, er vér erum áðr óvarir, Hom. (St.) 49: part. gugginn, quailing, fainting, is still used in Icel., as also gugna, q. v.; akin perhaps is geggjask, q. v.
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m., poët. a wolf, Lex. Poët.
m. prince, king (poet.).
a, m. the mythol. king. Gylfa-ginning, f. the Delusion of Gylfi, name of the mythol. tales of the Edda.
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adj. a term of abuse, a dub. απ. λεγ., being a werewolf (?); kveðr hann vera konu níundu hverja nótt ok hefir barn borit ok kallar gylvin, þá er hann útlagr, N. G. L. i. 57; cp. gylfra.
f.
1) ogress witch;
2) er þat helzt við orði, at gylfrum gangi vinittan, it is rumoured that your friendship is all gone to the dogs.
u, f. (gylfa), an ogre, a beast, a she-wolf (?); skal þá reyna hvárt meira má veita mér Pétr postuli ok hinn Helgi Hallvarðr, eðr hón gylfra in Gautska er þú trúir á, Fms. viii. 308, v. l. (the others read kýfla):—in the phrase, ganga gylfrum, to ‘go to the dogs,’ er þat helzt við orði, at gylfrum gangi vináttan, it is rumoured that your friendship is all gone to pieces, Band. (vellum MS.), where the Ed., ok er þat hætt við orði, at úmerkiliga þykki verða, 12 new Ed.
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f. [cp. Eng. gewgaw], gewgaws, showy gifts, Nj. (MS.) 142, (Ed. sæmiligum gjöfum.)
(-da, -dr and -ta, -tr), v. to gild; g. hóli, to flatter.
ð or t, [gull], to gild, Nj. 123, 125, Hkr. ii. 32, Fms. x. 320, xi. 128, Stj. 306; gylla hóli, to flatter, Finnb. 340, Fms. iv. 103; metaph. of the sun’s rays, Bb. 2. 30: part. gyldr, golden, Fs. 90, 122.
f.
1) gilding;
2) pl. vain praise (fara með glyllingar).
f. gilding, Vm. 47, Fb. i. 507: in pl. vain praise, Fær. 120.
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f., medic. hemorrhoids, vena aurea, Fél.
f. young sow.
f., mod. gylta, u, f., Bs. i. 417, [Old Engl. yelt]:—a young sow, Jb. 289, Grág. ii. 307, Landn. 206, Gullþ. 17, 27.
m. he-lamb.
m. [gymbr], a he-lamb; Guðs gymbill, agnus Dei, Hom. (St.); gymbill gúla þembir, Jónas 139.
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f. mocking, Sturl. iii. 171.
(gen. -rar), f. ewe-lamb.
f., pl. gymbrar, [North. E. and Scot. gimmer], a ewe lamb of a year old; g. sú er lamb leiðir, Grág. (Kb.) ii. 147, Stj. 516, (one MS. spells gimbr, which is also the mod. spelling, but false); lamb-gymbr, Grág. i. 502. gymbr-lamb or gymbrar-lamb, n. a gimmer lamb, Gullþ. 19, Stj. 129.
(-ða, -ðr), v.
1) to gird (with a belt); g. sik, to gird oneself, fasten one’s belt (cf. gyrðr í brœkr); g. sik með sverði, to gird on a sword;
2) to girth (g. hest, g. söðul).
ð or t, [A. S. gyrðan; Engl. gird; Dan. gjorde: gerða (q. v.) and gyrða are kindred words, both formed from the Goth. gairdan, gard, gurdun; gerða, as also garðr (q. v.), from the pret.; gyrða from the participle]:—to gird oneself with a belt or the like; eptir þat gyrðir Klaufi hann svá fast (girded his belt so tight) at hélt við meiðsl, Sd. 143; síðan gyrði mærin sik með einu ríku belti, El.; hann gyrði sik með dúki, Fms. x. 314; gyrðr í brækr, with breeks girt up, vii. 143; gyrða sik, to fasten the breeks, as the ancients used belts instead of braces; gyrða lendir sínar, to gird up one’s loins, Hom. 84, Stj. passim; fésjóð er hann var gyrðr með, girt with a purse, from wearing the purse fastened to the girdle, Fms. vii. 142.
β. to girth or saddle a horse; hann hefir ekki svá vel gyrt hest þinn, at þat muni duga, gyrtu þá betr, Ísl. ii. 340; þá setti hann söðul á hest sinn ok gyrði hann fast, Str. 47: to secure a cart load by girding it, með hlassi því er hann gyrðir eigi reipum, N. G. L. i. 379; g. hlass, taug eða reipi, 349; hann gyrði at utan, he girded it well, Fs. …
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m.
1) girdle;
2) purse (hon lét féit í gyrðilinn).
m. [A. S. gyrdels; Engl. girdle; O. H. G. kartil; Germ. gürtel]:—a girdle, purse, from being worn on the belt, Gísl. 149, Post. 656 C. 18. gyrðil-skeggi, a, m. ‘girdle-beard,’ a nickname, Landn.
v. to stain with blood.
að (?), to gore; spjót þat er g. mun granir þínar, an απ. λεγ., Fas. ii. 29 (in a verse).
m. mocking; gera gys at e-u, to mock at a thing.
m. mocking; gyss ok gabb, Fas. iii. 115; með mikinn gys, Bs. i. 437, ii. 147; göra gys at e-u, to mock at a thing, Sturl. i. 21, Fms. ix. 494; þungan gys, Mar.; cp. gussa.
m. wonder (rare).
a, m. panic, Fas. i. 193; vide geiski.
(gen. -jar, pl. -jar), f. giantess, hag (þar bjó ein gýgr).
m. an abyss; eld-gýgr, a crater of a volcano: to this perhaps belongs the saying, vinna fyrir gýg, to labour in vain, answering to the Lat. ‘oleum et operam perdere;’ hvað gagnar svo fyrir gýg ad vinna, Bb. 3. 98; og vann ei fyrir gýg, and got his reward, Snót 319 (Ed. 1866); or is gýg (qs. gýgi), to labour for an ogre or witch, the metaphor being taken from popular tales ?
(gen. -jar, pl. -jar), f. giantess, hag (þar bjó ein gýgr).
f. gen. sing., and nom. pl. gýgjar, dat. and acc. sing. gýgi; [cp. Scot. gow; gjure in the Norse tales, Asbjörnsen]:—an ogress, witch, Vsp. 34, Vþm. 32, Helr. 13, Hým. 14, Fsm. 29, Sæm. 33, Edda 8, 37, 58, 60, Fas. i. 333: freq. in poetry, vide Lex. Poët.; mar-gýgr, a mermaid: of a weapon, Rímmu-gýgr, a ‘war-ogre’ i. e. axe, Nj.; gýgjar-sól, f. ‘a gow sun,’ a mock sun, Sl. 51: in local names, Gýgjar-fors, Gýgjar-hamarr, etc., referring to popular tales.
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m., or perhaps gíll, [gill, Ivar Aasen, akin to gjöll], a mock sun, parhelion, Scot. gow, conceived to be a wolf preceding the sun: when the sun is surrounded by mock suns he is said to be in ‘wolf-stress,’ úlfa-kreppa; the phenomenon is called gýla-ferð, f. ‘wolf-gang;’ cp. also the saying, sjaldan er gýll fyrir góðu nema úlfr eptir renni, a gill bodes no good unless followed by a wolf (a sign of weather), Ísl. Þjóðs. i. 658, 659.
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m. name of a giant, answering to Gr. ̓Ωκεαξός, Edda.
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dd, [góðr], to bestow a boon upon, endow, enrich; gæða e-n fé ok virðingu, Hkr. i. 253, Fms. x. 192; þá er rétt at hann gæði þær (the daughters) sem hann vill, then he may endow them at pleasure, Grág. i. 204; gædda ek gulli ok guðvefjum, Gh. 16; gæðask bókligum listum, Mar. 469; hann gæddi gjöfum góða menn, Fms. iv. 111, Bs. i. 815; þá gæddi hann (endowed) frændr sína með auðæfum, 269; en Allsvaldandi Guð gæddi hann því meir at auðræðum ok mann-virðingum, 137; alla lenda menn gæddi hann bæði at veizlum ok lausa-fé, Ó. H. 179; þá skal ek g. yðr hvern eptir sínum verðleikum, 209; bauð Þrándr at gæða (to better) hluta Leifs með miklu fé, Fær. 180; en Allsvaldandi Guð gæddi svá hans virðing, at …, but God Almighty bettered his reputation so that …, Bs. i. 333.
2. in the phrases, gæða rás, ferð, reið, to quicken the pace; þá gæddi hann rásina, then he quickened his pace, Eg. 378; en þegar hann sá björninn, gæddi hann ferðina, Fms. ii. 101, v. 165; konungs-menn gæða róðrinn, they quickened the stroke, pulled quicker, 180.
β. adding á, svá mikit gæddi þetta á, it increased so much, went to such a pitch, Konr. …
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from gá.
n. pl. good things, boons; hann sló öllu við því er til gæða var (he spared no good things), at þeir mætti báðir göfastir af verða, Bs. i. 129, Fb. i. 434; þat eru mest gæði (blessings) þeim er eptir lifa, Bs. i. 140:—wealth, profits, in trade, mikil gæði víns, hunangs, Sturl. i. 127; þeir höfðu þaðan mörg gæði í vínviði ok berjum ok skinna-vöru, Fb. i. 546; kaupferða ok atflutninga þeirra gæða sem vér megum eigi missa, Fms. i. 284; hann fann þar stórar kistur ok mart til gæða, Fs. 5: emoluments, mörg gæði önnur lagði Gizurr biskup til þeirrar kirkju bæði í löndum ok lausa-fé, Bs. i. 67; var hann (the brook) fullr af fiskum, … ráku þeir hann á brott, ok vildu eigi at hann nyti gæða þessa, Landn. 52; á kirkjan fugla, fiska ok allt þat er gæða er, í jörðu ok á, í þessu takmarki, Jm. 14; hafði hann þar mikinn ávöxt af sterkum trjám ok öðrum gæðum, Stj. 134; taka erfðir, ok þau gæði er því fylgja, Grág. i. 226; konungr vill þar veita í mót þau gæði af sínu landi, er menn kunna honum til at segja, Ó. H. 126; nema hann hafi keypt með öllum gæðum rekann af landinu, Grág. ii. 383; bað Skota-konungr hann fá þau gæði öll á Katanesi, er hann hafði áðr haft, Orkn. …
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n. pl. good things, H. E. i. 526.
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m., prop. a man of property; among the Norsemen in Orkney and Shetland gæðingr was used synonymously with lendir menn in Norway, landlords, barons, nobles, chiefs; góð gæðings ætt, the nobleman’s fair daughter, Jd. (an Orkney poem); gæðinga-skip, a ship with Orkney chiefs on board, Ann. 232; þetta eru allt Jarla ættir ok gæðinga í Orkneyjum, Orkn. ch. 39; hurfu gæðingar mjök í tvá staði, 178, 380; adding the name of the liege-lord, þeir vóru allir gæðingar Páls jarls, 186; þeir vóru vitrir menn, ok mörgum öðrum gæðingum stefndi hann til sín, 232, 242, 262, 330; stallarar konungs ok aðrir gæðingar, Fms. vi. 442; á konungs borð ok hans gaeðinga, x. 303: ríkisborinna manna ok gæðinga Jezraels-borgar, Stj. 600. 1 Kings xxi. 8 (‘to the elders and nobles’); gæðingar af Galaad, 405. Judges xi. 5 sqq. (‘the elders of Gilead’); gæðingar Gaze-borgar, 418, cp. ‘the lords of the Philistines,’ Judges xvi. 23; eigi gæðingar heldr undirmenn hans ok andligir synir, Mar. 203, passim.
II. mod. a racehorse.
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m. an endower, Lex. Poët.
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and gæzka, u, f. goodness, kindness, mercy, Am. 100, Stj. 34, Fms. x. 280; engi frýr þér vits en meir ertú grunaðr um gæsku (better græzku, q. v.), Sturl. i. 105: grace, holiness, Bs. i. 63; tign ok gæzku, 65, Karl. 452; í réttlæti ok g., Stj. 54; esp. Guðs gæzka, the grace, mercy of God, eccl.: good things = gæði, Fms. vii. 285, x. 18, 418, Stj. 202, 203, 205, Sks. 181.
COMPDS: gæzkufullr, gæzkulauss, gæzkusamligr, gæzkusemi.
f. goodluck; bera gæfu til e-s, to have luck in a thing.
u, f. [from gefa, as gipt], luck; þar görði gæfu-muninn, Nj. 141: the sayings, annað er gæfa ok görvileiki; and gefr sér engi gæfu | gildr þó feginn vildi; bera gæfu til e-s, to have luck in a thing; ok bar hann enga gæfu til at þjóna þér, Eg. 112; sagði, at þat var hans hugboð, at vér feðgar munum ekki bera gæfu til þessa konungs, 17; en þó þú sért vel búinn at hreysti ok atgörvi, þú hefir þú eigi til þess gæfu, at halda til jafns við Harald konung, 82; gipt ok gaefa, Bs. i. 132; reyndr at viti ok gæfu, Anal. 57; ef gæfa vill til, Fs. 131; eigi ertú nú einn at, því at konungs-gæfan fylgir þér, Fms. ii. 60; gæfumaðr ertú mikill, Sighvatr, er þat eigi undarlegt at gæfa fylgi vizku, hitt er kynligt sem stundum kann verða, at sú gaefa fylgir úvizkum manni, at úvitrlig ráð snúask til gæfu, Ó. H. 123; því at ek treystumk minni hamingju bezt ok svá gæfunni, Fms. vi. 165.
COMPDS: gæfudrjúgr, gæfufátt, gæfuferð, gæfufullr, gæfuhlutr, gæfulauss, gæfuleysi, gæfulítill, gæfumaðr, gæfumannligr, gæfumikill, gæfumunr, gæfuraun, gæfusamliga, gæfusamligr, gæfuskipti, gæfuskortr, gæfuvant.
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ð, dep. to become quiet and calm, Bb. 2. 35.
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f. meekness.
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adj., gramm. rendering of Lat. dativus, Skálda.
a. quiet, meek; þat er mér ok gæfast, that is most pleasant to me.
adj. meek, quiet, Sturl. iii. 71, Hrafn. 24, Grett. 107 A; þat er mér ok gæfast, that is pleasant to me, Fms. ii. 261.
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f. pl. [gefa B], weather fit for fishing, fine weather.
a. as a lucky man.
adj. (-liga, adv.), as a lucky man, Fms. xi. 232.
a. lucky.
adj. lucky, Fms. vi. 116.
a. n., e-m er ~, one has little luck.
n. adj. unlucky, Fms. v. 170, Korm. 76.
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f. a lucky journey, Fbr. 234.
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adj. full of luck, Str.
m. share of good luck.
m. a lucky lot, share of good luck, Bs. i. 137.
a. luckless.
adj. luckless, Ísl. ii. 97.
n. lucklessness.
n. lucklessness, Grett. 128, Hrafn. 30.
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adj. having little luck.
m. lucky man.
m. a lucky man, Nj. 129, Fms. ii. 73, Bs. i. 60, Fs. 7, 115, Ó. H. 123, passim; (ógæfu-maðr, a luckless man.)
a. having great luck.
adj. having great luck, Fms. vi. 328.
m. difference in luck.
m. a turn or shift of luck, Nj. 141.
f. trial of luck.
f. a trial of luck, Grett. 113 A, Ó. H. 74.
adv. luckily.
adv. luckily, Fms. iii. 53, xi. 32, Grett. 85 A.
a. lucky.
adj. lucky, Grett. 119 A.
n. turn or change of luck.
n. a turn or change of luck, Fms. x. 213.
m. want of luck.
m. want of luck, Fas. iii. 563.
a. n. wanting in luck.
n. adj. wanting in luck, Valla L. 222.
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ð, dep. [gügsle, De Professor; Germ. gucken], to be all agog, to bend eagerly forward and peep, Eb. 272, Bárð. 171, Grett. 114, 148; g. yfir herðar e-m, Konr.: ok þá hann gægðisk þar inn, John xx. 5.
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f. pl., in the phrase, standa á gægjum, to stand agog, a tiptoe.
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m. a gude-man or good-man, franklin, perh. derived from gó- in góligr, Edda i. 536 (a απ. λεγ.); it is evidently the same as Engl. yeoman, gæi-brúðr, f. a good-wife, also a απ. λεγ. in a verse, Eb.
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n. enticement; gæl of margt mun ek nú mælt hafa, MSS. 4. 9.
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u, f. enticement, soothing; esp. in pl. gælur, lullaby songs; barna-gælur, nursery songs; hefir brag þenna ok barngælur, ort ófimliga Einar Fóstri, a ditty; frið-gælur, q. v.:—a breeze = gol, Edda (Gl.)
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(gœla), d, [gala, gól; Ulf. gôljan = χαίρειν], to comfort, soothe, appease; verð ek mik gæla af grimmum hug, Skv. 3. 9; þat gælir mik, Band.; gæla gjöfum ok fagrmæli, MSS. 4. 6; eigi mun hann gæla mega með sáttar-boðum, Fms. x. 221; gæla grættan, Sl. 26, (better than gala.)
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f. fondling, Barl. 55, 150; gaelingar-orð, Fms. viii. 23.
adv. only with the prep. í;
1) yesterday (vara þat nú né í gær);
2) poet. tomorrow (þótt nú eðr gær deyjum).
adv., also spelt gör and gjar, esp. in Norse MSS., but also freq. in Fb., Stj., D. N. passim; [A. S. gestran, gestran dag; Engl. yesterday; O. H. G. gestar; Germ. gestern; Dan. gaar; Swed. går; Lat. heri, hesternus; Gr. χθές; cp. also Engl. yore, answering to the form gör]:—yesterday; only with the prep. í, í gær, Fms. vii, 168, passim.
II. [Ulf. renders αὔριον, Matth. vi. 30, by gestradagis, and that this is no mistake or corruption in the Gothic text is shewn by the fact that in the old Icel. or Scandin. poems gör occurs two or three times in the very same sense]:—to-morrow; in the phrases, nú eða í gör, now or by to-morrow; í dag eðr gör, to-day or to-morrow: hvárt skolum nú eða í gör deyja, whether we are to die now or to-morrow, Hðm. 31; and varat mér ráðinn dauði í dag eða gör, I was not fated to die to-day or to-morrow, Landn. (in a verse composed in Icel. about the middle of the 10th century). Uppström, the learned Swedish editor of Ulfilas, has duly noticed the passage in Hðm. as corroborative of the Gothic text.
f. sheepskin with the wool on.
u, f. a sheepskin with the fleece on, K. Þ. K. 148, Stj. 306, Sturl. iii. 189 C, Bs. i. 606, Rd. 240, Pr. 78, 625. 22. gæru-skinn, n. = gæra.
m. yesterday.
m. (gjár-dagr, Þiðr. 10), yesterday, Ísl. ii. 413, Hkr. ii. 137; gærdags, Ó. H. 87: mod. only with the prep., í gærdag.
n. yesterday evening.
n. (gjár-kveld, Str. 4. 30, Fb. ii. 150), yesterday evening; í gaerkveld, Ld. 44, Fms. vii. 168, Fas. ii. 284, Fbr. 63.
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m. yesterday morning.
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adv. = gær, Fms. vi. 254.
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etc.
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m. [gás], a gosling, Fms. viii. 42, D. N. i. 7.
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proncd. gæxni, f. [gás], silliness, Edda 110: mod., neut. a lean, spectral person. gæsnis-ligr, adj. spectre-like.
(-tta, -tt), v.
1) to watch, take care of, guard, with gen.; g. skóklæða e-s, to take care of one’s shoes; g. dura í höllinni, to guard the door of the hall; g. kúa, hesta, to tend cows, horses; g. dóma, to observe justice; g. ráðsins, to take heed to the advice; g. til e-s, to mind, take care of, attend to (svá gættu þeir til, at ekki varð at);
2) refl., ok um þat gættust, and took counsel together.
tt, (gjáta, Hom. 34, 156, esp. in Norse MSS.), [gæte = to find sheep, Ivar Aasen]:—to watch, tend, take care of, with gen.; at gæta eigna sinna, Fms. i. 245; gætum vandliga þessa burðar, viii. 8; Guð gæti mín, God protect me! ix. 482; gæta skipa sinna, 484; þá látum en hafit gæta vár, Orkn. 108; þeir létu myrkrit gæta sín, Fs. 85; Þórir bað sína menn hlífa sér ok gæta sín sem bezt, Gullþ. 24; ok báðu hann gæta lífs síns, Orkn. 164; gjáta laga ok landsréttar, Hom. 34; þá er at gæta ráðsins, then take heed to the advice, Nj. 61; gæta dóma, to observe justice, Sks. 658:—to tend [cp. Norse gæte], gæta kúa, to tend cows, Fms. vi. 366, Ld. 98; gæta hesta, to tend horses, Fb. ii. 340, Fs. 88; hón gaetir dura í Valhöllu, Edda 21; Móðguðr er nefnd mær sú er gætir brúarinnar, 38; hann sitr þar við himins-enda at gæta brúarinnar fyrir bergrisum, 17; gæta segls, to take care of the sail, Fms. vii. 340 (in a verse); gæta skips, Anal. 191:—absol., stofan gætti (guarded) at baki þeim, Eg. 91; því at rekendrnir gættu fyrir utan, Fms. vii. 184; gættu (take care) ok vinn eigi á Kálfi, Fb. ii. 360; …
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a. heedful, wary.
adj. heedful, Hm. 6; ó-gætinn, heedless; að-gætinn, heedful.
m. keeper, warder.
m. a keeper, warder, Lex. Poët.
adv. heedfully.
adv. heedfully, Al. 147, Fms. viii. 201.
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f. heedfulness; að-gætni, circumspection; nær-gætni, equity.
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1. adj. good, Sks. 633 B; á-gætr, good; fá-gaetr, rare; nær-gætr.
2. f. pl. [from gát, q. v.], in the phrase, gefa gætr at e-u, to mind a thing, heed, Ld. 204, Hkr. iii. 203.
n. door-frame, doorpost; hurð var á g., the door was ajar.
n. pl. [gátt], door-posts, Rm. 2, Fms. ii. 161, Ó. H. 154, Fas. iii. 20; dyri-g., q. v. gætti-tré, f. a door-sill, N. G. L. i. 38.
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vide gæðska.
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adj. full of goodness, gracious, merciful, Fms. x. 232.
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adj. (-leysi, n.), merciless, cruel, Stj. 462, 464.
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adj. good, Bs. i. 75.
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f. grace, goodness.
f. watch, keeping.
u, f. watch, keeping, Grág. i. 147, Fms. xi. 246; svína-g., tending swine, Fs. 71: metaph., Fms. vii. 187, Sks. 675.
COMPDS: gæzluengill, gæzlukerling, gæzlulauss, gæzluleysi, gæzlumaðr, gæzlusótt.
m. guardian angel.
m. a guardian angel, Nj. 157.
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f. an old maid-servant, Str. 75.
a. unguarded.
adj. unguarded, Fas. ii. 467.
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n. carelessness.
m. keeper.
m. a keeper, Grág. i. 443, Fms. x. 469, xi. 402, Sks. 273, 473.
f. an illness which involves watching over the patient.
f. sickness that requires guarding, lunacy, Grág. i. 287; að-gæzla, attention.
(að), v.
1) to worship (g. goð);
2) to honour (g. dróttins-dag).
að, [göfigr; cp. Ulf. gabigjan = πλουτίζειν], to honour:
1. of God (or gods), to worship; þau guð er þú göfgar, Fms. i. 97; eigi eru goð mannlíkun þau er þér göfgit, Blas. 44; hann göfgaði hof þau, er …, 623. 11; nú skulum vér fyrir því g. einn Guð, Sks. 308; engum guði skal ek blót færa þeim ef nú g. menn, Fagrsk. 11; Guð at g. ok Jesum Krist, Barl. 1; hann er síðan göfgaðr í kirkju heilags Laurentii, Rb. 368; honum var göfgat skurgoð þat er Bal heitir, 400. 2. to honour, bless; svá hefir Drottinn göfgað hann, at hann görði hann höfðingja Kristni sinnar, 655 iii. 4; honum þótti því betr er fleiri tignuðusk ok göfguðusk af honum, Bs. i. 141.
f. worshipping.
f. worshipping, 677. 9, 655 ix. 2, 623. 12, Fb. i. 408.
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f. nobility; ætt-g., noble extraction.
(göfgari, göfgastr), a. noble, worshipful (g. at kyni).
adj. [Ulf. gabigs = πλούσιος], worshipful, noble; göfugr maðr, a worshipful man, by birth, etc.; til göfugs manns er Skeggi hét, Nj. 270; g. maðr ok stórættaðr, Eg. 16, 97, freq. in Landn.; Herrauðr Hvíta-ský var g. maðr, 156; Hrafn enn Heimski hét g. maðr, 59, 213, 244, 277, 283; þessir landnáms-menn eru göfgastir í Vestfirðinga-fjórðungi, 167; at Erlingr Skjálgsson hafi verit maðr ríkastr ok göfgastr í Noregi, Ó. H. 184, Fms. i. 61; ríkr maðr ok g., Hkr. i. 136; sjau prestar ok allir göfgir, Bs. i. 79; enum göfgasta konungi, Post. 656 C. 33; g. maðr ok ágaetr, Eg. 98; vóru þeir Björgólfr í gildinu göfgastir menn, the foremost men, 22; Hrafn var göfgastr sona Hængs, 102; því heldr er göfgari vóru, Bs. i. 129; góðir menn ok göfgir, Grág. ii. 168; Ingólfr var göfgastr allra landnáms-manna, Fms. i. 241, (Landn. 36 l. c. frægastr); at þeir mætti báðir sem göfgastir af verða, Bs. i. 129:—of things, göfugr bær, Eg. 477; g. sýsla, Hom. 4.
n. noble woman, lady.
n. a noble woman, lady, Eb. 18, Ld. 334.
a. worshipful, generous.
adj. worshipful, generous, Fms. viii. 2, Fas. ii. 105: as the name of a king (= great), Ýt. 25.
m. worshipfullness, highness.
(-ki), m. worshipfulness, Fms. i. 295, x. 280: highness, 310.
a.
1) worshipful, noble-looking;
2) magnificent (~ staðr).
adj. worshipful, glorious; fagr ok g. álitum, Hkr. i. 10, 223, Fms. vii. 63, x. 234, 289, 294, Th. 23: magnificent, Edda 12; kirkja g., Bs. i. 645; g. veizla, a grand banquet, Þíðr. 220; g. sigr, a glorious victory, Stjörnu-Odd. 16.
n. noble, worshipful man.
n. a noble, worshipful man, Fms. vi. 269, viii. 136, x. 323, Landn. 278, Eb. 14, Fs. 20, Þorf. Karl. 364.
a. with many worshipful men.
adj. with many worshipful men, Mirm.
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f. a shriek, Edda (Gl.) 110.
(gen. galtar, dat. gelti; pl. geltir), m. boar, hog.
m., gen. galtar, dat. gelti, [Swed. and Dan. galt]:—a boar, hog, Grág. i. 427, Landn. 177, Sks. 113, Fas. i. 87, 88, iii. 405; sónar-göltr, a sacrificial hog, i. 331, 332.
2. an old dat. gjalti only occurs in the old metaph. phrase, verða at gjalti, to be turned into a hog, i. e. to turn mad with terror, esp. in a fight; stundum æpir hón svá hátt at menn verða nær at gjalti, Fms. iv. 56; sá kraptr ok fjölkyngi fylgði þeim Nor, at úvinir þeirra urðu at gjalti þegar þeir heyrðu heróp ok sá vápnum brugðit, ok lögðu Lappir á flótta, Orkn. 4; en er hann sá at þeir ofruðu vápnunum glúpnaði hann, ok hljóp um fram ok í fjallit upp ok varð at gjalti, Eb. 60; urðu göngu-menn næsta at gjalti, Gísl. 56; en þér ærðisk allir ok yrðit at gjalti, Fs. 43,—cp. Yngl. S. ch. 6, where this power is attributed to Odin; gjalti glíkir verða gumna synir, Hm. 130; Nero hljóp burt frá ríki ok varð at gjalti, Post. 656 C. 39; at konungr mundi ganga af vitinu ok at gjalti verða, Rb. 394 (of king Nebuchadnezzar); þeir menn er geltir eru kallaðir, Sks. 113 sqq.
II. metaph. a hog’s back or ridge between two dales; in local names, Galtar-dalr, Galtardals-tunga, n. …
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að, to rove about in cold and blast, from göltr (2).
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m. a clue; það er komið í göndul, of entangled things.
n. pl. passage (ór kastala vóru göng upp í kirkju).
n. pl. [gangr], a passage, lobby; en ór kastala vóru göng upp í kirkju, Fms. ix. 523: freq. in mod. usage, of a narrow passage, baðstofu-göng, esp. when leading from the door to the sitting-room: metaph., gefa e-m göng, to give one free passage, xi. 283; kunna göng at orostu, to know the ways of fighting, vi. 387.
a. running much about.
adj. strolling; mér verðr göngult, Lv. 33; nær-göngull, near-going, exacting; hús-göngull, strolling from house to house.
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n. taking the inheritance of a vagrant, Grág. i. 190.
adv. beggar-like, beggarly.
adv. (-ligr, adj.), beggarlike, beggarly, Fms. iii. 209, Fas. iii. 202.
f. drinking-bout.
u, f. a drinking-bout, Fms. viii. 209.
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n. = gangfæri, Fms. viii. 400.
f. vagrant woman.
u, f. a vagrant woman, Grág. i. 340, Nj. 142, Bs. i. 494.
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n. gait.
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n., collect. footmen, Bær. 17.
a. beggar, vagrant.
(pl. -menn), m. a vagrant, beggar, Grág. i. 163, 295, 341, K. Þ. K. 34, 80, Gísl. 54–56, 141.
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adj. weary from walking.
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m. a walking-stick.
m. vagrant, tramp.
m. a beggar-boy, Korm. 192.
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f. pl. [gana], wild wanderings, eccentricities; in the phrase, hlaupa út í gönur, to rove wildly about.
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and ger, n. a flock of birds of prey; þar var hrafna gör, Höfuðl. 9; hræva gör, carrion crows, Merl. 2. 68, (in both passages rhyming with a word having ø for root vowel); opt er fiskr í fugla geri, there are often fish where gulls gather, Hallgr. in Snót 212 2nd Ed. (for the gulls guide the fishermen to the shoals of fish); þá fylgir því gör mikit ok áta, Sks. 140.
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ð, also spelt görva, giörva, geyra, giora, gera: prop. gøra, not gra (the ø was sounded nearly as y or ey), so that the g is to be sounded as an aspirate, however the word is spelt; and the insertion of i or j (giöra, gjöra), which is usual in mod. writing, and often occurs in old, is phonetic, not radical, and göra and gjöra represent the same sound. The word in the oldest form had a characteristic v, and is spelt so on the Runic stones in the frequent Runic phrase, gaurva kubl, Baut., and Danske Runemind. passim; but also now and then in old Icel. MSS., e. g. the Kb. of Sæm. (cited from Bugge’s Edit.), gorva, Am. 75, Skv. 1. 34, 3. 20, Hm. 123, Og. 29; gerva, Am. 64, Bkv. 3; giorva, Rm. 9; giorfa, 28; gorvir, Hkv. Hjörv. 41; gørvom, Hým. 6; gorviz, Am. 35; gerviz, Merl. 2. 89:—this characteristic v has since been dropped, and it is usually spelt without it in MSS., gora, Hým. 1, Og. 23, Ls. 65; gera, Am. 85; gorir, Hm. 114: the pret. always drops the v, gorþi, Hym. 21; gorðo or gorþo, fecerunt, Hm. 142, Am. 9; gorðumz, Hðm. 28; gerþi, Am. 74; gerþit, 26:—with i inserted, Rm. 9, 22; giordu, 11; in the Mork. …
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a, m., part. doer, Rb. 4: gramm. nominative, Skálda.
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gjörð, gerð, f. [göra]:
1. used of making, building, workmanship; görð ok gylling, Vm. 47; kirkju-görð, church-building; húsa-g., house-building; skipa-g., ship-building; garð-g., fence-making:—of performance, vígslu-g., inauguration; messu-g., saying of mass, divine service; þjónustu-g., embættis-g., id.; þakkar-g., thanksgiving; bænar-g., prayer; lof-g., praise; ölmusu-g., alms-giving; frið-g., peace-making; sættar-g., settlement, agreement, arbitration:—of working, akr-g., tillage; ú-gerð, bad workmanship, patchwork; við-gerð, mending:—of yielding (of duties), tíundar-görð, tithe; leiðangrs-g., paying levy:—of cookery and the like, öl-görð, ale-making, brewing; matar-g., cooking; brauð-g., baking: sundr-gerð, show: til-gerð, whims: upp-gerð, dissimulation: eptir-görð, q. v.: í-görð, suppuration.
2. a doing, act, deed; the phrase, orð ok görðir, words and deeds, Fms. iii. 148; ef þú launar svá mína görð, Ísl. …
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adv. quite, fully (vita g.).
(gerla, gjörla), adv. quite, altogether, clearly, Nj. 5, 104, passim.
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adv. = görla, Skv. 1. 36.
(pl. garnar and garnir), f. gut.
f., old pl. garnar, Grág. ii. 361, 371, usually and mod. garnir, [akin to garn, yarn], the guts, Landn. 217, Grág. ii. 361, Jb. 320, Ls. 50.
f. doing, deed.
(gjörning, gerning), f. (in mod. usage masc. -ingr, Sturl. i. 217):—a doing, deed, act, Sturl. l. c., Hom. 106; góð-g., well-doing, a good deed; mis-g., a mis-deed: a written deed, freq.: in plur., Postulanna Görningar or Gjörninga bók, the book of the Acts of the Apostles, freq.; kirkja á messu-bók ok görninga, Ám. 4.
II. only in plur. sorceries, witchcraft, Fs. 37, Fms. ii. 134, v. 326, x. 136, Hom. 53, 86, N. G. L. i. 351, passim; esp. in the allit. phrase, galdrar ok g.
COMPDS: görningahríð, görningamaðr, görningasótt, görningastakkr, görningavættr.
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f., -veðr, n. a witch storm, Fs. 56, Fas. iii. 279.
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m. a sorcerer, Js. 22.
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f. sickness caused by sorcery, Fas. i. 324.
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m. an enchanted jacket, Fs. 33.
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f. a witch, Grett. 151 B, Fs. 166.
(acc. görvan), a. and pp.
1) skilled, accomplished (vel at sér g.); leggja görva hönd á e-t, to to be an adept, a master in a thing;
2) ready, willing (g. gull at bjóða). with gen., g. ills hugar, prone to evil skulut þess görvir, be ready for that!
3) svá gört, so done, so; verða menn þat svá gört at hafa, it must be so at svá görvu, this being the case.
vide gær.
(gørva, gerva), adv. quite, clearly; muna g., to remember clearly; ef þú g. kannar, if thou search closely cf. gørr, gørst.
gjörva, gerva, geyrva, adv.; compar. görr, gjörr, gerr; superl. görst, gerst: [A. S. gearve, gearu; O. H. G. garwe; Germ. gar]:—quite, clearly; ef þú görva kannar, if thou searchest closely, Hm. 101, Ls. 52; muna g., to remember clearly, Am. 78; reyna g., 77; vita g., to know exactly, Ó. H. 62, Sturl. iii. 220 C: compar., seg enn görr, tell it plainer, speak out! Nj. 13; þvíat nú vita menn görr en fyrr hvat göra skal, Bjarn. 58; um þá hluti er ek hann görr at sjá en þér, Ld. 186; þó veiztu görr ef þú ræðir þetta mál fyrir konungi, Fms. i. 82: more, farther, ok skilja þeir þat eigi görr en svá, Grág. i. 136; þá á hann eigi görr at neyta, en fjögurra missera björg sé eptir, not beyond that point, 235; lögsögu-maðr skal svá görla (so far, so minutely) alla þáttu upp segja, at engi viti einna miklogi görr, 2; görr meir, still more, H. E. i. 48: superl., ek veit görst (I know best) at þér þurfit brýningina, Ld. 240: sá veit görst er reynir, a saying; sauða-maðr fór ok sagði Gunnari sem görst (he told G. minutely) frá öllu, Nj. …
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giörvi, gervi, f. indecl. sing., pl. görvar, [A. S. gearwe; Engl. gear, garb; Hel. gerui; Germ. garb]:—gear, apparel; kraptr er görvi hugar, ‘virtus est animi habitus,’ Hom. 27; fóru hendr hvítar hennar um þessar gervar, Fas. i. (in a verse); brautingja-gervi, a beggar’s gear, Hbl. 6; kaupmanna-g., a merchant’s gear, Fms. v. 285; far-görvi, luggage; handa-gervi, ‘hands’ gear,’ gloves, Sd. 143, 177, Fbr. 139; eykja-görvi, horse harness, Ýt. 10; at-görvi (q. v.), accomplishment. görvi-búr, n. a store-house, Ld. 134, Þorst. Síðu H. 7, Fs. 40.
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m., poët. a doer, maker, Lex. Poët.
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(-leiki), m. accomplishments, Grett. 113, Fms. iv. 178.
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adj. accomplished, doughty, able, Eg. 3, 98, Nj. 72, Fms. i. 4, 61, Fas. i. 58, Bs. i. 130, passim.
a. entire, whole.
adj. whole, entire, quite all, = Gr. απας, Hm. 147, Grág. i. 262, Fms. vi. 444, viii. 261, xi. 67, 186, Ld. 202, Sks. passim, both in old and mod. usage.
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(also spelt gjör-, ger-, geyr-); the complete old form is görv-, which remains in görv-allr, q. v. [cp. görva below; mid. H. G. gar, garwe; O. H. G. garo; N. H. G. gar]:—as adverb. prefix, quite, altogether: gör-auðr, adj. quite empty: gör-bænn, adj. begging hard, importunate, Sighvat, Fb. ii. 80: gör-eyða, dd, to lay quite waste: gör-farinn, part. quite gone, quite lost, of a game, Fms. vii. 219: gör-hugall, adj. very heedful, mindful, Eg. 14: gör-kólfr, m. = for-kólfr, q. v.: gör-slokinn, part. quite slaked, Hólabók 103: gör-spiltr, part. quite corrupt.
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adj. empoisoned, Sæm. 118.
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adj. arbitrary.
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n. a law term, an arbitrary act; taka skip manns at görræði sínu, Grág. ii. 396.
adv. altogether, quite.
adv. altogether, quite, Bs. i. 322, Fms. vii. 11, Magn. 466, Fas. i. 287, Hom. 44, Sks. 327, 347, passim.
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adj. all together.
(pl. -semar), f. costly thing, jewel, treasure.
gör-symi, giavr-simi, f., Mork. 61, 64; but usually ger-semi, f. indecl. sing., but þessarar gersemar (gen.), Fms. vi. 73; [old Dan. görsum; gersuma in A. S. laws is a Scandin. or Dan. word, from gör- and sama, what beseems; or perhaps better from gör- and sima, costly wire, coils of wire being used as money]:—a costly thing, jewel; gersemi ertú (what a treasure thou art!), hversu þú ert mér eptirlátr, Nj. 68; skjöld, ok var hann en mesta gersemi, Eg. 698; gullhring ok nokkrar gersimar, Bs. i. 130; gaf keisarinn honum margar gersimar, Fms. xi. 328; einn digran gullhring ok var þat g. sem mest, Fær. 6; með stórum gersemum ok fjár-hlutum, Fms. x. 417: of a living thing, þeir hafa drepit yxn (oxen) mitt er mest gersemi var, Sd. 158; var þat dýr en mesta gersemi þess-kyns, Fms. vi. 298 sqq.; konungs-gersemi, a ‘king’s jewel,’ of a dwarf,—such a man being the ‘king’s plaything:’ allit., gull ok gersimar, passim:—Hnoss and Gersemi were the daughters of Freyja, Edda.
a. costly.
adj. costly, Edda 21, 151.
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n. a law term, any unlawful seizure or holding of another man’s property without positive intention of stealing, therefore not felony: it is thus defined, ef maðr tekr þat er annarr maðr á, ólofat, ok á maðr at færa þat til görtœkis er pennings er vert eðr meira, Grág. ii. 188; þjófsök and görtœkis-sök are distinguished in 190; the penalty was the payment of twice its value, as fixed by the neighbours, and a fine of three marks, i. 401, ii. 188, 396: pilfering could be prosecuted either as theft or as görtœki, i. 430, ii. 295, and passim.
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adj. [gat], full of holes.
f. breadth of a road.
f. the breadth of a road, Eg. 582.
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m. a road fence, D. N.
n. provisions for a journey.
n. the Lat. viaticum, Bs. i. 249.
n. a defile with a path through it.
n. a slip in a road, Fs. 90.
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m. a foot-path, Fas. iii. 279.
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m. a law term, a thief who has to run the gauntlet through a defile, Swed. gatu-lopp, N. G. L. i. 334.
(að), v. to bury.
að, [akin to gata, a way dug or bored through; the characteristic v is preserved in Goth. gatvo = platea]:—to dig, bury; götvaðr (part.), buried (in a cairn), Ísl. ii. 280; götva þeir hann þar í grjótinu, they cast stones over him, Gísl. 72, Gkv. 18: in mod. usage, upp-götva, to discover, (freq.)
m. slayer (?).
m. one who buries, i. e. a slayer, Bkv. 10, (dub.)
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f., in upp-götvan, discovery, (freq. in mod. usage.)
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f. pl. [A. S. gealwe, Grein], a hoard (?); geirrótu götvar, the treasure of Bellona, armour, weapons, Edda (in a verse), Ýt. 21: götvar seems prop. to mean hidden treasures, hoard.