n. mocking, mockery.
n. mocking, mockery, Fms. vii. 17, 59, ix. 385, Sturl. i. 155, Sks. 247, Karl. 474, Grett. 101.
(að), v. to mock, make game of one (g. e-n).
að, [Scot. gab], to mock, make game of one, Fms. i. 72, ii. 67, vi. 112, ix. 385, Stj. 609, Mag. 68, Ísl. ii. 165, Fs. 159; gabb ok gaman, Ó. H. 78: reflex., Bs. i. 319.
(að), v. to gore, spike.
að, to goad, spike, Str. 25, Karl. 172: gaddaðr, part., Sams. 13.
n. a kind of headgear (rare).
n. a kind of head-gear, an απ. λεγ., Orkn. 304; perh. Gaelic.
(-s, -ar), m.
1) goad, spike; fig., var mjök í gadda slegit, at, it was all but settled that;
2) hard snow.
m. [Ulf. gads = κέντρον, 1 Cor. xv. 55, 56; A. S. gadu; Engl. gad, goad; Swed. gadd]:—a goad, spike, Str. 77, Gísl. 159 (on a sword’s hilt); gadda-kylfa, u, f. a ‘gad-club,’ club with spikes, Fms. iii. 329; gadd-hjalt, n. a ‘gad-hilt,’ hilt studded with nails, Eb. 36 new Ed., Gísl. 159, Fas. iii. 288, cp. Worsaae 494, 495, as compared with 330: metaph. phrase, var mjök í gadda slegit, ‘twas all but fixed with nails, i. e. settled, Nj. 280.
II. a sting, Al. 168; (cp. Engl. gad-fly.)
III. perhaps a different root, hard snow, also spelt galdr (Fms. viii. 413, v. l., cp. gald, Ivar Aasen); the phrase, troða gadd, to tread the snow down hard, Fms. vii. 324, viii. 413, ix. 364, 490; en er Birkibeinar vóru komnir upp á galdinn hjá þeim, Fb. ii. 688: even used as neut., gaddit, Fms. viii. l. c. (in a vellum MS.); gaddit. id. (also vellum MS.); hence gadd-frosinn, part. hard-frozen; gadd-hestr, m. a jade turned out in the snow.
IV. a ‘gad-tooth,’ a disease in cattle, one or more grinders growing out so as to prevent the animal from feeding, described in Fél. …
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m. [Germ. gabel], a fork to eat with, (mod.)
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a, m. [A. S. geaf = funny], a gaff; fregna eigum langt til gafa, Mkv.: a saying, cp. spyrja er bezt til váligra þegna.
m. gable, gable-end.
m. [Ulf. gibla = πτερύγιον, Luke iv. 9; Engl. gable; Germ. giebel; Dan. gavl; Swed. gafvel]:—a gable-end, gable, Sturl. ii. 50, Nj. 209, Ísl. ii. 74.
n. gable-end (= gafl-veggr).
(gaflað, Nj. 203, 209, Orkn. 244). n. a gable-end, Gísl. 88: in pl. gaflhlöð, Orkn. 470; eystra g., 244; at húsendanum við gaflhlaðit, 450; gaflhlaðit hvárt-tveggja, Ísl. ii. 352; selit var gört um einn ás ok lá hann á gaflhlöðum, Ld. 280.
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u, f. a yawl, Safn i. 112, Stef. Ól.
m. gable-beam.
m. a gable-beam, Eg. 90.
m. gable-wall = gaflhlað.
m. a gable-end, Nj. 197.
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að, to throw the neck back, Flor. 18.
m. dog (rare).
m. a dog; gagarr er skaptr því at geyja skal, a dog is so made as to bark, Mkv. 4: used as a nickname, Landn. 145: in a verse in Eg. a shell is called ‘the ever mute surf-dog’ (síþögull brimróta gagarr), prob. from a custom of Icel. children, who in play make shells represent flocks and herds, kú-skeljar (cow-shells), gymbr-skeljar (lamb-shells), and put one shell for a dog. gagara-ljóð, n. pl. ‘dog-song’ (?), a kind of metre in Rímur.
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n., onomatop. the fox’s cry.
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að, to howl (of a fox), metaph. to mock at one, 689. 66.
n. small goose, gosling; bird.
n. [Ivar Aasen gagl = wild goose, cp. the Scot. a gale of geese = a flock of geese]:—a wild goose, Edda (Gl.); gagl fyrir gás, a saying, Ó. H. 87: in poetry, of any bird, hræ-g., blóð-g., etc., a carrion-crow; the word is not used in Icel. except in the saying above; the goshawk is called gagl-fár, n. and gagl-hati, a, m. goose-destroyer.
a. bright as a goose.
adj. bright as a goose, an epithet of a lady, Akv. 39; the wild goose is here made to serve for a swan!
m. ‘bird-wood’.
m. an απ. λεγ., Vsp. 34; explained by the commentators, a forest where there are wild geese, but perhaps better as the name of a plant, the sweet gale or bog-myrtle.
n.
1) advantage, use; verða e-m at gagni, to be of use to one; er eigi mun vera g. í, that will be of no use;
2) produce, revenue, esp. of land;
3) domestic utensils;
4) luggage;
5) victory; hafa (fá) g., to have (gain) the victory;
6) pl. gögn, proofs, evidence.
n. [a Scandin. word, neither found in Saxon nor Germ.; only Ulf. has the root verb gageigan = κερδαίνειν; Swed. gagn; Dan. gavn; Engl. gain is prob. borrowed from the Scandin.]:
1. sing. gain, advantage, use, avail; hluti þá er ek veit at honum má gagn at verða, things that can be of use to him, Nj. 258; er oss varð at mestu gagni, Ísl. ii. 175; er eigi mun vera gagn í, that will be of no use, Fms. iii. 175; það er að litlu gagni, of little avail, etc., passim.
2. gain, victory; sigr ok gagn, Orkn. 38; hafa gagn, to gain the day, Rb. 398, Hom. 131, Fms. vii. 261; fá gagn, id., Fas. i. 294, freq. in poetry; gagni feginn, triumphant, Fm. 25; gagni lítt feginn, i. e. worsted, Hbl. 29.
3. produce, revenue, chiefly of land; jarðir at byggja ok vinna ok allra gagna af at neyta, Eg. 352; hence the law phrase, to sell an estate ‘með öllum gögnum ok gæðum.’
4. goods, such as luggage, utensils, or the like; síðan fór hann norðr á Strandir með gagn sitt, Sturl. i. 10; ker ok svá annat gagn sitt, Grág. ii. 339; bæta garð aptr ok öll gögn ok spellvirki, Gþl. …
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(að), v. to be of use to one (~ e-m) or for something;
refl., ~st, to avail, be of use.
að, to help, be of use to one, Bs. i. 799; ok lætr sér vel gagna, 655 xxxii: reflex. to avail, be of use, Bs. ii. 141, 143, Vígl. 30, Dipl. i. 6, Jm. 20.
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n. pl. a holding back of proofs, evidence, Grág. ii. 273.
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adj. useless.
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adj. of little use.
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adj. of great use.
m. pl. useful things;
veita e-m gagnsmuni, to help one.
m. pl. useful things, Fbr. 22; veita e-m g., to help one, Hkr. ii. 251: mod. gain, profit, eigin g., Pass. 28. 6.
n.
1) advantage, use; verða e-m at gagni, to be of use to one; er eigi mun vera g. í, that will be of no use;
2) produce, revenue, esp. of land;
3) domestic utensils;
4) luggage;
5) victory; hafa (fá) g., to have (gain) the victory;
6) pl. gögn, proofs, evidence.
an adverbial prefix:
A. [Cp. the adv. gegn], gain- (in gainsay), counter, esp. in law terms:—hence gagna-gögn, n. pl. counter-proofs, Grág. i. 106. gagn-augu, n. pl. ‘counter-eyes,’ temples. gagn-dyrt, n. adj. with doors opposite one another, Fas. ii. 181. gagn-gjald, n., prop. a ‘countergild,’ antidote, a Norse law term, which seems identical with mundr or tilgjöf, opp. to heiman-fylgja, dowry, which in case of the husband’s death or divorce was to be the wife’s property; gjöf and gagngjald are distinguished, N. G. L. i. 29; þá skal hon þarnast gagngjalds ok gjafar, 51. gagn-görð, f. transgression, 15. 1 (MS.) gagn-hollr, adj. kind to one another, Hm. 31. gagn-kvöð, f. a counter-summons, Grág. ii. 102. gagn-mælendr, part. pl. gain-sayers, opponents, Mart. 114. gagn-mæli, n. gain-saying, contradiction, Fms. x. 403, Stj. 331. gagn-nefna, u, f. a mutual nomination, of arbitrators, Grág. i. 495. gagn-staða, u, f. …
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f. wealth, Fms. ii. 215.
a. very productive (of land); well stored (bú gagnauðigt).
adj. wealthy, well stored, Stj. 361, Ld. 38, Bs. i. 643.
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gagn-fasta, vide gangdagr, gangfasta.
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adj. useful.
a. useful, profitable.
adj. (-liga, adv.), profitable, Bs. i. 690, 770.
a. beneficent, kind, hospitable (~ við menn).
adj. useful, profitable, Sturl. i. 74, Hrafn. 23, Landn. 83, Ísl. ii. 62, Stj. 92.
f. hospitality, readiness to help.
and -semi, f. usefulness, profitableness, Hrafn. 24.
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adj. reverse, contrary.
n. saddle-strap.
n. straps on a truss-saddle, (mod.)
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adj. bowed back; this obsolete word is still used in Norway, e. g. gag ljaa, of a scythe; gagt menneska, a conceited man; cp. gaga, to throw the head back: in compds as gag-háls, q. v. People in Icel. say, hnakka-kertr, one who throws the neck back, but keikr of bending the backbone back; e. g. standa keikr, where the Norse say standa gag. The explanation in Lex. Poët. is guess-work, as the word is not in use in Icel., vide remarks on the word by Bugge in Oldn. Tidsskrift.
a. with the neck thrown back (hirtir ~ir).
adj. [gagr], with neck thrown back, epithet of a stag, Gm. 33.
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adj. an απ. λεγ.; g. bardagi, wanton strife, Fb. (Sverr. S.) ii. 553.
n. screaming, howling.
n. crowing; hana-gal, cock-crowing.
(gel; gól, gólum; galinn), v.
1) to crow (of a cock), cry, scream;
2) to sing, chant; g. galdra yfir e-m, to chant magic songs over one; afl gól hann Ásum, he chanted strength into the Æsir.
pres. gelr, Hm. 28, 150, Vsp. 35; pret. gól, pl. gólu; pret. subj. gœli, Haustl. 20; in mod. usage, pres. galar, áðr en haninn galar, Matth. xxvi. 34, 74, 75, Mark xiv. 30, cp. Pass. 12. 7; but fyrr en haninn gelr, Luke xxii. 61; in pret. the old form is preserved, ok jafnsnart gól haninn, Matth. xxvi. 74; þá gól nú haninn fyrst, Pass. 11. 5; gól haninn annað sinn, 11. 8, Luke xxii. 60; og strax gól haninn, John xviii. 27; but elsewhere in mod. usage weak, galaði: [not recorded in Goth., as Ulf. renders φωνειν l. c. by hrukjan; A. S. galan; Old Engl. and Scot. to gale = to cry; Dan. gale; Swed. gala]:—to crow; hún heyrir hana gala, Stj. 208; gól um Ásum Gullinkambi, Vsp. 35; en annarr gelr, sótrauðr hani, id.: of a crow, Hm. 84.
II. metaph. to chant, sing, used trans.; gala sér úgott, Hm. 28, Ls. 31; afl gól hann Ásum, Hm. 161; þann kann ek galdr at gala, I can chant that song, with the notion of spell, Hm. 153; svá ek gel, 150; hón (the sibyll) gól galdra sína yfir Þór, Edda 58: ironic., gólu þeir eptir í staðinn, O. H. L. 17; gala at um e-t, to beg blandly, Fms. xi. 113; Herodias gól at um líflát Johannes, 625. …
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m. an enchanter, the name of a dwarf, Vsp.
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n. hard snow, = gaddr, q. v.
(gen. -rs, pl. -rar), m.
1) magic song, charm (gala, kveða ~a yfir e-m);
2) pl. witchcraft, sorcery (~ar ok görningar).
or galðr, m., gen. galdrs, pl. galdrar, [from gala; A. S. gealdor = cantus, sonitus]
I. prop. a song, hence in names of old poems, Heimdalar-galdr, Edda 17; but almost always with the notion of a charm or spell, vide gala II above; hón kvað þar yfir galdra, Grett. 151, Hkr. i. 8; kveða helgaldra, Fbr. 24; gala galdra, Edda 58, Hm. 153; með rúnum ok ljóðum þeim er galdrar heita, Hkr. i. 11; galdr ok kvæði, Stj. 492: hence
II. witchcraft, sorcery, esp. in pl.; galdrar ok fjölkyngi, Fb. i. 214, K. Þ. K. 76, Grett. 155; galdrar ok gjörningar, Anal. 244; galdrar ok forneskja, Gísl. 41, Grett. 155; með göldrum, 180 (in a verse); sjá við göldrum, Hom. 86, Ísl. ii. 77: a fiend (= Icel. sending), reka þann galdr út til Íslands at Þorleifi ynni at fullu, Fb. i. 213, (rare.)
COMPDS: galdrabók, galdrafluga, galdrafullr, galdrahríð, galdrakind, galdrakinn, galdrakona, galdraligr, galdralist, galdralæti, galdramaðr, galdrameistari, galdraraumr, galdrasamligr, galdrasmiðr, galdrasnapr, galdrastafir, galdrasögur, galdravél.
n. book of magic.
f. a book of magic, 655 xiii, Ísl. Þjóðs. i. 514.
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u, f. a ‘witch-fly,’ a kind of fly, tipula nigra subhirta, Eggert Itin. 604; cp. flugu-maðr.
a. full of sorcery.
adj. full of sorcery, Fas. i. 108.
f. magic storm.
f. a magic storm, hurricane raised by spells, Fas. i. 108.
f. foul witch.
f. a foul witch, Fas. i. 97:
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f. a ‘spell-cheek,’ a nickname, Eb.
f. witch, sorceress.
u, f. a witch, sorceress, Ísl. ii. 73, Stj. 491, v. l.
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adj. magical, Stj. 91.
f. magic art.
f. magic art, Stj. 100, Fas. iii. 237.
n. pl. magical mummeries.
n. pl. magical mummeries, Fas. ii. 373.
m. wizard.
m. a wizard, Fms. xi. 435, Fas. i. 5, Barl. 102, 149.
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a, m. a magician, Stj. 437.
m. great sorcerer.
m. a great sorcerer, Fas. ii. 375.
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adj. magical, Stj. 91.
m. sorcerer.
m. a ‘spellsmith,’ sorcerer, magician, Hkr. i. 10.
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m. a wizard-impostor,
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m. pl. magical characters.
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f. pl. tales of witches.
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f. a magical device, Post. 80.
(pl. ~r and ~ir), f. galley.
f. [a for. word; galea, galio, galeida, Du Gauge], a galiot, Fms. vi. 134, 168, vii. 78, 179, Ísl. ii. 394.
pp.
1) enchanted;
2) mad, frantic (fóru galnir sem hundar).
prop. a part. from gala, enchanted, but used in the sense of mad, Fms. i. 44, vii. 187: frantic, Gísl. 138: voluptuous, sensual, Stj. 55; þú er galin í girnd sem svín, Úlf. 3. 57.
I) n. gall, bile; sour drink.
II) from gjalla.
n. [A. S. gealla; Engl. gall; Germ. galle; Dan. galde; Gr. χολή]:—gall, bile, Pr. 472–474, Fbr. 137: metaph. an acid drink, Anecd. 10; edik galli blandað, οξος μετα χολης, Matth. xxvii. 34.
m. defect, fault, flaw.
a, m. [cp. Swed. gall = barren], a fault, flaw, drawback, Hm. 134, freq. in mod. usage (ár-galli, q. v.); hence galla-lauss, adj. faultless, Hom. (St.) 64, 72: gallaðr, part. vicious, guileful.
II. a nickname, Bs. i. Laur. S.
a. hard as stone.
adj. hard as cinders, qs. gjall-harðr, Bs. ii. 65, freq.
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m., poët. a cock, Lex. Poët.
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f., medic. atra bilis.
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adj. sour or hot as gall.
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f. or galmr, m., only in local names, Galmar-strönd, [cp. A. S. gealm = din], prob. called so from the roaring of the surf.
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mod. galapín, n. [for. word; Scot. galopin = lackey], a merry fellow; þú ert mesta galapín!—a nickname, Sturl. iii. 209 C.
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a, m. wild joy; galsa-ligr, adj. frolicsome.
m. boar, hog (= göltr).
a, m. (vide göltr), a boar, bog, Fms. iv. 58, Fas. i. 88, Gullþ. 15, Fs. 71, 141; Galt-nes, n. ‘Hog’s-ness,’ a local name; Galt-nesingr, m. a man from G., Sturl.
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a, m. a coxcomb.
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adj. quite empty, of a tub.
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adj. from Galilee, Mar.
(gömul, gamalt), a.
1) old;
á gamals aldri, in his old age;
opt er gott þat er gamlir kveða, old men’s sayings are often good;
2) old, aged, of a certain age;
hve ~ maðr ertu, how old art thou?
tólf vetra (gen.) ~, twelve years old.
contr. forms, gamlan, gamla, gamlir, gamlar, gömlum, etc., fem. sing. and neut. pl. gömul; neut. sing. gamalt; the compar. and superl. from a different root, viz. compar. ellri, superl. ellztr, mod. eldri eldstr or elztr: [not recorded in Ulf., who renders αρχαιος by alþeis; but in A. S. gamol and gomel occur, although rarely even in Beowulf; in mod. Engl. and Germ. it is lost, but is in full use in all Scandin. dialects; Swed. gammal; Dan. gammel; Norse gamal, fem. gomol, Ivar Aasen]:
I. old, Lat. senex; in the sayings, þeygi á saman gamalt og ungt, Úlf. 3. 44; opt er gott þat er gamlir kveða, Hm. 134, Fb. i. 212; íllt að kenna gömlum hundi að sitja; gamlir eru elztir, old are the eldest, i. e. the most cunning, clever; tvisvar verðr gamall maðr barn; engi verðr eldri en gamall; en þótt konungr þessi sé góðr maðr … þá mun hann þó eigi verða ellri en gamall, Fms. iv. 282; faðir minn var gamall, Nj. 31; g. spámaðr, an old spae-man, 656 B. 12; hence gamals-aldr, m. old age, Ld. 4, Fms. ii. 71: compds, af-garnall, fjör-g. …
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as adv. old-fashioned, (mod.)
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m. an old man, Fms. ii. 182.
a. elderly.
adj. elderly, Fms. ii. 59.
n. old man.
n. an aged person, Eg. 89, Orkn. 78, Rd. 302.
m. pl. dotage from old age.
f. pl. dotage from age, Eb. 318.
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adj. in dotage, Nj. 194, Eb. 322, Grett. 116, Fas. ii. 93.
(dat. gamni), n. game, sport, pleasure, amusement; mér þykkir g. at e-u, I am amused by it; henda (sér) g. at e-u, to make game of; jötni at gamni, to the deight of the giant; taka undir í gamni, to respond in jest; hafa. e-t til ~s, to amuse oneself with.
n., dat. gamni, (gafni, Fas. i. 176, Fms. x. 328, Bær. 9); [A. S. gomen, gamen; Engl. game; O. H. G. gaman; mid. H. G. gamen; Dan. gammen]:—game, sport, pleasure, amusement; in the sayings, lítið er ungs manns gaman; maðr er manns gaman, Hm. 46; and in the phrases, göra e-t að gamni sínu, or, sér til gamans, to do a thing for amusement; mart er sér til gamans gert, Tíma R.; jötni at gamni, Þkv. 23; var þá mest g. Egils at ræða við hana, Eg. 764; þykja g. at e-u, to make game of; þá mun Rútr hlæja ok þykja g. at, Rut will then laugh and be amused by it, Nj. 33: gaman þykir kerlingunni at móður várri, 68; henda g. at e-u, to make game of, Bs. i. 790, Þiðr. 226, Grett. 142 new Ed., Fms. xi. 109.
β. in proverbial sayings; kalt er kattar gamanið, cold is the cat’s play, i. e. she scratches; þá ferr að grána gamanið, the game begins to be rather rude; or, það fer að fara af gamanið, the game fares to be serious:—love, pleasure, poët., in the allit. phrase, hafa geð ok gaman konu, Hbl. 18, Hm. 98, 162; gamni mær undi, Hbl. 30; unna e-m gamans, Skm. 39, Fsm. 43, 51: coitus, er hann hafði-t gýgjar g. …
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f. a pleasure-trip, Fas. ii. 77.
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m. a merry-making, Nj. 113.
m. game, amusement.
m, a game, Grett. 107, Mag. 30.
n. merry talk, joking.
n. merry folk, joking, Fms. xi. 151, Ld. 306, Karl. 532.
f. pl. joyful conversation.
f. pl. merry talk, Hm. 122, 132.
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u, f. merry talk, Sks. 165, Fs. 72.
a. amusing.
adj. amusing, Sks. 118, 621, Fas. i. 332, ii. 459.
a. merry, jocose.
adj. gamesome, merry, Fms. ix. 249, Sks. 634.
f. a humorous verse.
u, f. a comic ditty, Hkr. iii. 71.
n. pl. jesting talk.
n. playful words, fun, Sks. 433.
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n. a meeting of lovers, Lex. Poët.
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a dubious word, perh. costly; in A. S. poetry gamban occurs twice or thrice in an allit. phrase, gamban gyldan = to pay a fee (Grein): gamban-reiði, f. splendid gear (?), Skm. 33; gamban-sumbl, n. a sumptuous banquet, Ls. 8; gamban-teinn, m. a staff, Skm. 32. These poems seem to be by one hand, and the word occurs nowhere else in the northern languages.
(gen. -rs), m. a kind of bird.
1. m. = gammr, Barl. 39, Þiðr. 92, D. N. ii. 255, iv. 457: gambrs-kló, f. a griffin’s claw, used as a pedestal for a drinking-horn, D. N.
2. n. wanton talk, boasting.
(að), v. to brag, bluster.
að, to brag, bluster, Glúm. 332, Al. 138, 655 xiii. A. B, Grett. 134 A, Fms. xi. 147:—to prate, Stj. 401. Judges ix. 38; við höfum tíðum gambrað Geir, um götu kræktir saman, Sig. Pét. Ný Fél. vii. 194.
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a, m. a bragger, blusterer.
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a, m. a kind of moss, Hjalt.
pp. stricken in years.
part. very aged, Hkr. i. 148, Fas. i. 372, Ver. 15, Ld. 250.
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a, m., poët. an eagle, Edda (Gl.): a pr. name, Landn.
m. hut of a Finn.
1. a, m. (a Fin. word), the dwelling of a Finn, Fms. i. 8, x. 379, Fas. ii. 174: of a dwarf’s abode, Þiðr. 21; dwarfs were often confounded with Finns.
2. a, m. the gamut in music, Skálda.
(-s, -ar), m. vulture.
m. a vulture, Fms. iii. 207, Nj. 123, Fas. ii. 151, 231, iii. 210, 366, 612, Karl. 527, 544.
(að), v. to divert, amuse (g. e-m með sögum).
að, with dat. to amuse, divert, Fms. viii. 4.
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n. busks (?), in the phrase, snapa gams, to get nothing, Jón Þorl. i. 343, (mod.)
n. frenzy, frantic gestures.
n. frenzy, frantic gestures; fara með hlátri ok gani, Nj. 220; hon hljóp með ópi miklu ok gani, Fas. iii. 177.
(-da), v.
1) to gape, show a fissure;
~ á e-t, to gape for or after (~ á rán);
2) to rush (~ at e-m);
3) to gaze, stare.
ð, mod. að, to rush, run frantically; hann spurði hví hann gandi svá, Sturl. ii. 177; ganaði hann langt undan hernum, Fas. iii. 422; ganir at honum ok höggr, Jómsv. 49; þótt þú ganir galinn, Skáld H. 2. 57: of wildfire, Skálda 202 (in a verse); in Fbr. 162 (in a verse) it has the notion to glare in one’s face; akin is góna (q. v.), to stare.
(-s, -ar), m. magic staff; renna göndum, to ride a witch-ride.
m.:—the exact sense of this word is somewhat dubious; it is mostly used in poetry and in compds, and denotes anything enchanted or an object used by sorcerers, almost like zauber in Germ., and hence a monster, fiend; thus the Leviathan of northern mythology is called Jörmun-gandr, the great ‘gand;’ or Storðar-gandr, the ‘gand’ of the earth: a snake or serpent is by Kormak called gandr or gandir, Korm. ch. 8: wildfire is hallar g., a worrier of halls, and selju g., a willow-worrier, Lex. Poët.: the wolf Fenrir is called Vonar-gandr, the monster of the river Von, vide Edda.
COMPDS: Gandálfr, gandfluga, gandrekr, Gandvík, gandreið.
☞ Some commentators render gandr bv wolf, others by broom; but the sense no doubt lies deeper. Gunnar Pálsson (died 1793) says that gandr is used in Icel. of the helm of a ship; but no such word is known, at least in the west of Icel.
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m. a pr. name, a wizard, bewitched demon.
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u, f. = galdrafluga, a ‘gand’ fly, gad-fly, a kind of tipula, Eggert Itin. 604.
f. witch-ride.
f. the ‘witches’ ride;’ in nursery tales a witch is said to ride on a broomstick, Germ. besenstiel; in old lore they were said to ride by night on wolves, which are hence in poetry called ‘the steeds of witches;’ fá þú mér út krókstaf minn ok bandvetlinga því at ek vil á gandreið fara, Fms. iii. 176; ekki skorti gandreiðir í eynni um nóttina, Fas. ii. 131; hann kvað hann séð hafa gandreið, ok er þat jafnan fyrir stórtíðindum, Nj. 195; cp. also on this subject Ísl. Þjóðs. i. 440 sqq.; renna göndum, to slide on ‘gands,’ ride a witch-ride; víða hefi ek göndum rennt í nótt, of a witch in Fbr. 124; víta ganda, to bewitch ‘gands,’ i. e. to deal in sorcery, Vsp. 25, cp. the passage in Þiðr. S., fór Ostracia út ok rœrði gand sinn, then O. (a witch) went out (cp. útiseta) and reared her ‘gands,’ i. e. raised ghosts, or gener. exercised her black art,—the MSS. have here even neut. gannd (gönd) sín. The compd spá-gandar in Vsp. seems to mean ‘spae-ghosts’ or spirits of divination.
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m. a gale brought about by witchcraft, Bs. i. 647 (in a verse), Edda (Gl.)
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f. ‘Gand’ bay, i. e. Magic bay, the old name of the White Sea, for the Lapps were famous sorcerers.
I)
(geng; gekk, gengum; genginn), v.
1) to walk (reið jarl, en Karkr gekk);
2) to go;
~ heim, to go home;
~ braut, to go away;
~ til hvílu, to go to bed;
~ á skip, to go on board;
~ af skipi, to go ashore;
with infin., ~ sofa or at sofa, to go to sleep;
~ at eiga konu, to marry a woman;
3) to go about grazing, to graze (kálfrinn gekk í túni um sumarit);
4) of a ship, to run, sail (gekk skipit brátt út á haf);
5) to stretch out, extend, project (nes mikit gekk í sæ út);
6) of report, tales, to be current (litlar sögur megu ~ af hesti mínum);
7) to prevail;
gekk þaðan af í Englandi Valska, thereafter the French tongue prevailed in E.;
8) of money, to be current (peningar þeir, sem nú ~);
of laws, to be valid (þau lög, er gengu á Uppsalaþingi);
of sickness, plague, famine, to rage (þá gekk landfarsótt, drepsótt, hallæri);
9) to go on, last (gnustu þá saman vápnin, ok gekk þat um hríð);
impers., gekk því lengi, so it went on for a long while;
10) láta ~ e-t, to let go on;
láta höggin ~, to rain blows;
Birkibeinar létu ~ lúðrana, blew the trumpets vigorously; …
u, f. a walking, Bs. i. 225, Vþm. 8; tóku heyrn daufir, göngu haltir, 625. 82, cp. Matth. xv. 31; nema sýn eðr göngu frá mönnum, Post. 645. 70: the act of walking, Korm. 182, Fms. vi. 325; ganga göngu, to take a walk, Korm. (in a verse):—a course, ganga tungls, the course of the moon, Edda 7; hvata göngunni, id.; ganga vinds, the course of the wind, 15, Rb. 112, 476:—a procession, Fms. x. 15, Fs. 85, Ísl. ii. 251; vera sarnan í göngu, to march together, Band, 11; lögbergis-g., the procession to the hill of laws, Grág. Þ. Þ. ch. 5, Eg. 703; kirkju-g., a going to church; her-g., a war-march; hólm-g., a duel, q. v.; fjall-g., a walk to the fell (to fetch sheep):—of animals, hrossa-g., grazing, pasture for horses, Dipl. v. 14; sauð-g., sheep-pasture: esp. in pl. fetching sheep from the fell-pastures in autumn (fjall-ganga), Grág. ii. 310, cp. Korm. ch. 3, Vd. ch. 44, Vápn. 22; ó-göngur, straits.
COMPDS: göngudrykkja, göngufæri, göngukona, göngulag, göngulið, göngu-maðr, göngumannaerfð, göngumannliga, göngumóðr, göngustafr, göngusveinn.
I)
(geng; gekk, gengum; genginn), v.
1) to walk (reið jarl, en Karkr gekk);
2) to go;
~ heim, to go home;
~ braut, to go away;
~ til hvílu, to go to bed;
~ á skip, to go on board;
~ af skipi, to go ashore;
with infin., ~ sofa or at sofa, to go to sleep;
~ at eiga konu, to marry a woman;
3) to go about grazing, to graze (kálfrinn gekk í túni um sumarit);
4) of a ship, to run, sail (gekk skipit brátt út á haf);
5) to stretch out, extend, project (nes mikit gekk í sæ út);
6) of report, tales, to be current (litlar sögur megu ~ af hesti mínum);
7) to prevail;
gekk þaðan af í Englandi Valska, thereafter the French tongue prevailed in E.;
8) of money, to be current (peningar þeir, sem nú ~);
of laws, to be valid (þau lög, er gengu á Uppsalaþingi);
of sickness, plague, famine, to rage (þá gekk landfarsótt, drepsótt, hallæri);
9) to go on, last (gnustu þá saman vápnin, ok gekk þat um hríð);
impers., gekk því lengi, so it went on for a long while;
10) láta ~ e-t, to let go on;
láta höggin ~, to rain blows;
Birkibeinar létu ~ lúðrana, blew the trumpets vigorously; …
pret. gekk or gékk, 2nd pers. gékkt, mod. gékst; pl. gengu, geingu, or géngu, and an old poët. gingu; gengengu in Vsp. 12 is a mere misspelling (vide Sæm. Möb. 258); pres. geng, pl. göngum; pret. subj. gengi (geingi); imperat. gakk and gakktú; with the neg. suffix geng-at, gengr-at, gékk-at, gakk-attu, passim; a middle form göngumk firr, go from me, Gm. 1: a contracted form gá occurs now and then in mod. hymns; it is not vernacular but borrowed from Germ. and Dan.: [cp. Ulf. gaggan; A. S. and Hel. gangan; Scot. and North. E. gang, mod. Engl. go; Dan.-Swed. gange or gå; Germ. gehen; Ivar Aasen ganga: Icel., Scots, and Norsemen have preserved the old ng, which in Germ. and Swed.-Dan. only remains in poetry or in a special sense, e. g. in Germ. compds.]
A. To go:
I. to walk; reið jarl en Karkr gékk, Fms. i. 210, Rm. 1, 2, 6, 14, 23, 24, 30, Edda 10, Grág. ii. 95, passim; ganga leiðar sinnar, to go one’s way, Fms. x. 290, Krók. 26: adding acc., g. alla leið, Fms. xi. 202, 299; g. berg, to climb a cliff; g. afréttar, to search the fell-pastures (fjallganga), Háv. …
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a, m. [Dan. and Scot. ganger, a transl. of the mid. Lat. ambulator]:—an ambling nag, a palfrey, Sturl. iii. 117; spelt gangvari in Þiðr. 16, 23; passim in the romances.
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f. Rogation-holidays, N. G. L. i. 10.
f. Rogation week.
u, f. Rogation-week, K. Þ. K. 100, 102, Rb. 544, 558.
n. an assembly held during Rogation week.
n. a meeting during Rogation-week, Fms. vii. 217, 347. In all these compds spelt variously ‘gagn-’ or ‘gang-.’ The word Gangdagar is undoubtedly borrowed from the A. S.
(gen. gangs), m.
1) walking (vera á gangi); motion, activity of any kind (þá var hvert járn á gangi);
2) pace, pacing (temja hesta við gang ok hlaup);
3) course (~ himintungla);
4) prevailing, being in vogue;
hafa mikinn gang, to be much in vogue;
heldr er vaxandi ~ at þeim, they (viz. the dreams) were rather on the increase;
svá mikill ~ var orðinn at eldinum, the fire had got to such a height.
m. [A. S. gong; Scot. gang = a walk, journey; Dan. gang; Swed. gång; cp. Germ. gehen]:—a going, walking, Sks. 370; vera á gangi, to be walking to and fro, Grett. 153: metaph., röng eru mál á gangi, bad reports are going about, Bs. i. (in a verse); vápn á gangi, weapons clashing (vide II. 2. below), Grág. ii. 8; þá var hvert járn á gangi, Fb. i. 212:—gefit mér gang, give me way, passage, let me go, Fms. xi. 275, 347:—pace, a horseman’s term, engan (hest) hafa þeir slíkan séð bæði sakir gangs ok vaxtar, Róm. 422: Icel. say, það er enginn g. í honum, he has no pacing or ambling in him; or gang-lauss, adj. not pacing:—grazing, úti-g., útigangs-hestr, opp. to a stall-fed horse:—course, of the sun, stars, moon, gangr himin-tungla, Edda (pref.), hence sólar-g., the course of the sun above the horizon = day; stuttr, lítill, langr sólar-g., a short, long day:—course, of money.
II. metaph.,
1. a going onward, prevailing, being in vogue; hafa mikinn gang, to be much in vogue, Al. 87; heldr er vaxandi g. …
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freq. spelt by metath. Gagn-dagr, m. [A. S. Gang-däg], the Rogation-days, called ‘Ganging days’ from the practice of going in procession round the boundaries on those days, K. Þ. K., Rb., N. G. L. passim: the 25th of April is called Gangdagrinn eini, the minor Rogation-day, K. Þ. K. 106, Rb. 46, 544; in pl., Grág. i. 325, Fms. vii. 228, N. G. L. i. 24, 348, K. Þ. K. 102, vide Bs. ii. 247.
COMPDS: Gangdagahelgr, Gangdagavika, Gangdagaþing.
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adj. with a graceful gait, Eb. (in a verse).
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(Gagn-f.), u, f. the Rogation-fast, in the Rogation-week, Vm. 94, N. G. L. i. 17.
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n. [Dan. före or gangföre], the condition of a road; íllt (gott) g., bad (good) walking, Fms. viii. 400.
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adj. able to walk, Hom. 152.
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a, m. a ‘lazy goer,’ an idler; and gang-löt, f. id., pr. names of the servants in the hall of Hela, Edda.
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a, m. obsolete, except as a pr. name of the mythical wanderer Edda; in Scot. still found as an appell. in the true sense, a gangrel = stroller, vagabond.
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m. pl. ‘gang-limbs,’ shanks.
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n. adj. a great crowd, tumult.
a. with stately gait.
adj. with stately gait, Sks. 291.
n. passage-room.
n. a passage-room, lobby, Grett. 99 B.
n. current money.
n. current money, Sturl. iii. 307, Fms. ix. 470, Jb. 157, Grág., N. G. L. passim.
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f., in the phrase, göra g. at e-u, to make steps in a thing.
m. footpath.
m. a footpath, Sks. 4, Greg. 59.
a. well-trained in pacing (of a horse).
adj. pacing (of a horse), Hðm. 3.
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a, m. (gang-ari, gang-verja, u, f.), collect. a suit of clothes, Grág. i. 299, Sks. 288, Bs. i. 876, Ann. 1330.
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u, f. = gangvari, Stj. 367, 616.
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a, m. [Dan. gante], a coxcomb, (mod.) ganta-skapr, n., Vídal.
n.
1) gap, empty space;
2) shouting, crying (háreysti ok ~).
n. [A. S. geap; Engl. gap; Dan. gab; cp. gapa], prop. a gap, empty space, whence Ginnunga-gap, the Chaos of the Scandin. mythol., Edda, Vsp.
2. metaph. gab, gibes; óp ok gap, háreysti ok gap, Fb. iii. 425, cp. Nj. 220. gaps-maðr, m. a gaping fool, a gaby, Fbr. 12.
(-ta, -at), v. to gape, open the mouth wide.
pret. gapði, Edda 20, Mart. 118; and gapti, pres. gapi, Bs. i. 647; sup. gapat, imperat. gapi, Skm. 28: [Dan. gabe; Germ. gaffen]:—to gape, open the mouth wide, Edda l. c.; með gapanda munn, of a wolf, 41, Fms. iv. 57; með gapandi höfðum, Þórð. 94 new Ed.
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m. a Runic character used as a spell, Ísl. Þjóðs.
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adj. (-lega, adv.), hare-brained.
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m. a gaping, heedless fellow, a nickname, Fms.
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m. recklessness.
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m. the stocks or pillory.
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a, m. a rash, reckless man, freq.; Icel. say, angr-gapi (q. v.), sólar-gapi, hann er mesti sólargapi, perhaps with reference to the Wolf and the Sun, Edda 7.
COMPDS: gapalegr, gapamuðr, gapaskapr, gapastokkr, gapuxi.
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n. bluster, Karl. 493.
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f. pl., or gap-riplar, m. pl. an απ. λεγ., for the reading vide Johnson. Nj. Lat. l. c., gaping, staring with open mouth, Nj. (in a verse).
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a, m. a blusterer, a bully, Fs. 71.
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m. = gapi, Edda (Gl.), an απ. λεγ.
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m. pl. the men from G., Russians, Fas. iii. 314.
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a, m. the wall in a stall supporting the manger (in western Icel.)
(-s, -ar), m.
1) fence, wall;
2) enclosed space, yard (cf. aldin-~, gras~, kirkju~);
3) court-yard, court (þeir gánga út í garíinn ok berjast); riða í garð, to arrive; riða (fara) ór garði, to depart; fig., helmingr skal falla í minn garð, the half shall fall into my share; skal aukast þriðjungi í þínum garði, in thy keeping; hyggjum vér, at í yðvarn garð hafi runnit, into your hands, your possession; gøra e-n af garði, to equip one (as a son, a friend, when departing from home); líðr vetr ór garði, the winter passes by;
4) house, dwelling;
5) stronghold, castle (cf. Ás-~, Út-garðar).
m. [Ulf. gards = οικος; A. S. geard; Engl. yard, garth, garden; O. H. G. gart; Germ. garten; Dan.-Swed. gård; Lat. hortus]:
I. a yard (an enclosed space), esp. in compds, as kirkju-g., a church-yard; vín-g., a vineyard; stakk-g., a stack-yard; hey-g., a hay-yard; kál-g., a kale-yard; urta-g., a kitchen-garden; aldin-g. and gras-g., a garden; dýra-g., a ‘deer-yard,’ a park:—garðr, alone, is a hay-yard (round the hay-ricks); hence garðs-seti or garð-seti, q. v.
2. a court-yard, court and premises; þeir ganga út í garðinn ok berjask, Edda 25, a paraphrase from ‘túnum’ in Gm. 41; þeir Grímr hittu menn at máli úti í garðinum, Eg. 109; þá sá hann at öðrum-megin í garðinum brunaði fram merkit, Ó. H. 31; ganga til garðs, 71; mikill kamarr (privy) var í garðinun, id.; en er þeir Hrærekr sátu í garðinum, 72; fóru þegar þangat í garðinn sem líkin vóru, id.; er hann kom heim í þorpit ok gékk um garðinn, Fms. x. 218; gengið hef eg um garðinn móð, gleðistundir dvína, a ditty; innan stokks (within doors) eða í garði úti, Gþl. …
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a, m. the end of a fence, Grág. ii. 263.
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n. a gate, = garðhlið, Eg. 713, Fms. vii. 245, viii. 170, N. G. L. i. 290.
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m. the Greek emperor, Fms. vi. 167, Fas. iii. 671, Mar. 141.
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m. a nook of a fence, Sturl. i. 178.
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f. the ruin of a fence, Sturl. ii. 227.
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f. = garðönn.
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f. reparation of a fence, Grág. ii. 263 sqq., Gþl. 454.
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m. (-brytill, Gþl. 388), a fence-breaker, N. G. L. i. 41.
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(garða-brot), n. breach of a fence, Gþl. 350, 391.
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n. hay for fodder in a farm-yard, N. G. L. i. 38.
n. gate.
n. a gate, Fms. ix. 414.
n. privy.
n. a privy, Fms. iv. 169, vi. 15, Stj. 629.
f. an enclosed plot.
u, f. a fence, pinfold, Bs. i. 46.
n. the building of a fence or wall.
n. the laying of a fence, Grág. ii. 262 sqq., Sd. 180: a pound, Vm. 87. garðlags-önn, f. the work (season) for fencing, Grág. ii. 261.
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adj. fenceless, N. G. L. i. 8.
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u, f. house-rent, Gþl. 93.
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n. a court-yard, D. N.
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m. sewage, N. G. L. iii. 14.
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a, m. a ‘yard-sitter’ the end of a hay-rick, Eb. 190.
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n. partition by a fence, Js. 100.
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adj. creeping through a fence, N. G. L. i. 41.
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m., mod. garð-stæði, n. the place of a fence or hay-yard, Dipl. iv. 9, v. 16.
m. fence-stake.
n. a stake for fencing, 623. 58, Eg. 80, Fms. ix. 56: the phrase, enginn skal öðrum at garðstauri standa, no one is bound to stand up as a rail stake for another, i. e. an inroad into an unfenced field is no trespass, the owner must fence it himself, N. G. L. i. 40.
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m. a ‘yard-boy,’ valet, hence Fr. garçon, Þiðr. 230.
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u, f. a slice of turf, a sod, Eb. 190.
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n. fencing materials, Grág. ii. 263.
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m. a ‘court-warder,’ overseer, Karl. 10.
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f. the season of fence-work, Grág. ii. 261.
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n. a shrieking, bawling; and garga, að, [from Gr. γαργαρίζω through Ital. gargagliare, Engl. gargle], to shriek with a coarse voice.
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n. a serpent, Edda (Gl.); a nickname, Sturl. ii. 142.
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n. (for. word), a garland, Fms. x. 149.
m. dog.
m. the name of a dog in the mythol. Edda, Vsp.
2. a tatter, rag, pl. garmar. rags; so also fata-garmar, hence metaph. in addressing any one, garmrinn, poor wretch! cp. tetrið! ræfillinn!
n.
1) yarn (spinna ~ af rokki);
2) warp-thread, warp, opp. to vipta, weft, woof.
n. [A. S. gearn; Engl. yarn; Dan.-Swed. garn]; spinna gam, to spin yarn, Eb. 92; ek hefi spunnit tólf álna gam, I have spun yarn for a twelve ells web, Ld. 224; lín ok gam, Js. 78; silki-garn, silk yarn; tvinna-garn, twine yarn, twisted yarn; opp. to ein-gerni, q. v.
II. the warp, opp. to vipt, the weft, Nj. 275.
from görn, gut.
f. pl. guts, vide görn; garn-engja, u, f. constriction of the bowels; garn-mörr, m. suet.
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m. a cloth of yarn, D. N.
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n, f. a skein of yarn.
(-s, -ar), m. a bold, dauntless man (g. mikill); also applied to a woman (hon var væn kona ok ~ mikill í skapi).
m. a warlike man, but often with the notion of a bravo, Grett. 155; g. eða afreksmaðr, Nj. 261; mikilúðligr ok g. enn mesti, Fms. xi. 78; garpar miklir ok afætor, 111, Fb. ii. 72, Vápn. 19, Bjarn. 34: even of a woman (virago), hón var væn kona ok g. mikill í skapi, Sturl. i. 148.
β. the name of an ox, Gullþ. 23, whence Garps-dalr, m. the name of a farm, Landn.: of a horse, hvat mun garprinn vilja er hann er heim kominn, Hrafn. 8.
γ. the Hanseatic traders in Sweden and Norway were in the Middle Ages called Garpar, D. N., Boldt, Verel.; hence Garpa-skuld, n. a debt due to the Garps, D. N.
a. martial.
adj. martial, Eg. 16, Ld. 274, Hom. 143.
n. martial man.
n. a martial man, Ld. 42, Fms. iii. 83.
m. bravery.
m. bravery, Korm. 142, Fms. xi. 151, Grett. 131, Þórð. 36.
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a, m. in compds. garra-legr, adj. [from Ital. garrulo], garrulous.
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m. (for. word), gasconade.
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n. gossip, prating.
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að. to gossip, a mod. word, prob. from the Engl.
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m. a law term, a ‘goose’s crime,’ such as hitting one person when one has thrown at another, N. G. L. i. 72.
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adj. (-liga, adv.), boisterous, waggish.
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m. waggery.
m.
1) gander;
2) rash fellow.
a, m. a gander: metaph. a noisy fellow, a ‘goose,’ Gísl. 10. Band. 8 (in a verse), Karl. 474; g. ok glópr, El. 15.
COMPDS: gassaglæpr, gassaligr, gassaskapr.
I) n. hole, opening.
II) from geta.
n., pl. göt, [A. S. geat and Engl. gate = entrance; Hel. gat = foramen], a hole, Fms. iii. 217, Fas. iii. 486; skrár-gat, a key-hole; lúku-gat, a trap-door; cp. the following word.
(gen. pl. gatna), f. path, way, road; vera á götu e-s, to be in one’s way; sitja á götu e-s, to lie in wait for (= sitja fyrir e-m); alla götu, always, throughout.
u, f. [Ulf. gatva = πλατεια; Old Engl. and Scot. gate = way; O. H. G. gaza, mod. gasse; Swed. gata; Dan. gade]:—prop. a thoroughfare (cp. gat above), but generally a way, path, road, Nj. 75, Grág. i. 89, 93, Fms. ix. 519, Ld. 44, Ver. 21, passim; á götu e-s, in one’s way, Blas. 40; þótt slíkir sveinar væri á götu minni, Nj. 182; alla götu, as adv. ‘algates,’ always; ek hefi verit alla götu (throughout) lítill skörungr, Bs. i. 297, Stj. 119, 164, 188, 194, 252; götur Guðs, the ways of God, Post. 656 C. 14; gata til Guðs, 655 iv. 1; ryðja götu fyrir e-m, to clear the road for one, Hom. 146; búa götu e-s, 625. 96. Mark i. 2: the name of a farm, Fær.; Götu-skeggjar, m. pl. the name of a family in the Faroes, Ld., Fær.; reið-gata, a riding road; skeið-gata, a race-course; hlemmi-gata, a broad open road; fjár-götur, a sheep path; snið-gata, a zigzag path; kross-götur, four cross roads, for popular tales about them vide Ísl. Þjóðs.
COMPDS: gatnamót, götubreidd, götugarðr, götunisti, götuskarð, götustigr, götuþjófr.
n. junction of roads.
n. pl. junction of roads, Grág. ii. 161, Landn. 306, Stj. 197, Fms. viii. 171, Karl. 456, Finnb. 328.
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f. [geyja], a barking, Rb. 346; hunda-gauð né ulfa-þytr, Post. 645. 73.
II. neut. a poltroon, Bb. 3. 47.
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að, to bark at, scold one; út-gauða e-m, to out-scold one.
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n. abuse, barking, Sks. 435.
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að, (and gauf, n., gaufari, a, m.), to saunter, be sluggish, freq. akin to gafi, cp. Goth. gepanta in a reference by Jornandes—nam lingua eorum ‘pigra’ gepanta dicitur, whence ‘Gepidi,’ the name of an ancient Teut. people.
(-s, -ar), m. cuckoo.
m. [A. S. geâc; Scot. gowk], a cuckoo, Edda 79, Gs. 7; hrossa-g., the horse cuckoo, a name given to the green sand-piper, because of its neighing cry.
COMPDS: gaukmánuðr, gaukmessa, gaukþjór.
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m. cuckoo-month, the first summer month, about the middle of April to the middle of May, Edda 103.
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u, f. cuckoo-mass, = the 1st of May, D. N., N. G. L.
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m. a kind of bird, Edda (Gl.)
n. lowing; bellowing.
n. a lowing, bellowing, Fms. iii. 201, passim:—medic., garnagaul, ‘stomachus latrans.’
II. fem. a river in Norway, hence Gaular-dalr, m. the name of a county; Gaul-verjar, m. pl. the men from G.; Gaulverja-bær, m. a farm in Icel.; Gaul-verskr, adj., Landn.
(að), v. to low, bellow.
að, to low, bellow, Ó. T. 70, Bev. 22, Fms. iii. 201, Hom. 69.
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f. a lowing, bellowing, Fms. v. 90, Ó. H. 135, 222, Barl. 3, Róm. 234.
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adv. (-ligr, adj.), carefully.
m. heed, attention; gefa gaum at e-u, to pay attention to.
m.; fem. gaum also occurs, góða, litla gaum, Hom. 33. 69, and so sometimes in mod. writers; [A. S. geâme and gymen, Ormul. gom]:—heed, attention; only used in the phrase, gefa gaum at e-u, to give heed to a thing, Nj. 57, Eg. 551, Fms. viii. 18, Hom. 69; var engi gaumr gefinn at því, Ó. H. 71, 116; gefa góða, litla (fem.) g. at e-u, Hom. l. c.
(-ða, -t), v. to heed.
ð, to observe, give heed to, Str. 37, Rb. 4.
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f. attention, heed, 625. 166, Str. 24.
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mod. gaum-gæfni, f. a heeding, attention, Barl. 75, 100. gaumgæfis-leysi, n. heedlessness, Anecd. 18.
f. the lynx.
u, f. the lynx, Al. 167, 168, 173, N. G. L. iii. 47, Þd. 5, Merl. 2. 61; vide hergaupa.
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f. [Scot. goupen or goupin; O. H. G. coufan; mid. H. G. goufen; Swed. göpen], prop. both bands held together in the form of a bowl; in the phrases, sjá, horfa, líta, lúta í gaupnir sér, to look, lout (i. e. bend down) into one’s goupen, to cover one’s face with the palms, as a token of sorrow, prayer, thought, or the like, Sturl. iii. 113, Orkn. 170, Al. 115, O. H. L. 13; hón sá í gaupnir sér ok grét, she covered her face and wept, Vápn. 21, cp. Grett. 129; þá laut hón fram í gaupnir sér á borðit, Greg. 65; ilja gaupnir, poët. the hollows in the soles of the feet, Þd. 3; hafa e-n í gaupnum sér (better reading greipum), to have a person in one’s clutch, O. H. L. l. c.
2. as a measure, as much as can be taken in the hands held together, as in Scot. ‘gowd in goupins;’ gaupnir silfrs, goupens of silver, Fas. ii. 176; gaupnir moldar, goupens of earth, id. gaupna-sýn, f. a looking into one’s palms, covering one’s face, O. H. L. l. c.
m. rough fellow.
m. [Ulf. gaurs = sad], a rough, a ‘sad fellow,’ used in Kormak 240, but esp. freq. in old romances translated from French; seldom used in genuine old writers; in exclamations, gaurr! vándr g! etc., Flóv., Art., Str. passim, Fas. iii. 6. gaura-gangr, m. a gang of ruffians, Gísl. 53.
(að), v. to prate, brag.
að, to prate, brag, Fas. i. 485; still used in the east of Icel.
f. prating.
f. prating, Lv. 53, Gd. 16.
m. pl. a Scandinavian people in southern Sweden.
m. pl. a Scandin. people in western Sweden, called in A. S. Geâtes, and to be distinguished from Gotar, Goths; hence Gaut-land, n. the land of the Gauts; Gaut-Elfr, f. the river Gotha, the ‘Elbe of the Gauts;’ Gauta-sker, n. pl. the Skerries of the north-western coast of Sweden; cp. also the mod. Göteborg, Ó. H., Fms., passim.
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m., a poët. name of Odin, Vtkv., Edda; it seems to mean father, vide gjóta: poët. a man, sá ógæfunnar gautr, that hapless man, Hallgr.; váða-gautslegr, adj. miscreant-like.
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adj. from Gautland, Fms. passim.
I)
(gái, gáða, gát), v. to heed, with infin. (gá at gøra e-t) or gen.; guðs hann gáði, he gave heed to God; gá sín, to take care of oneself; gá til e-s, to mark; glýja þú né gáðir, thou hadst no mind for joy.
II)
f. barking (in goðgá, blasphemy; hundgá).
1. ð, pres. gái, part. gáð; pret. subj. gæði, Am. 70: [cp. Lat. caveo]:—to heed, mark, with infin. or gen., Landn. 30, Fb. i. 210; jarl gáði varla at lúka málum sínum fyrir tali þeirra, Orkn. 300: with gen., er miklu meiri hans ofsi, en hann muni nú þess gá eðr geyma, Ísl. ii. 239, Sks. 446, Hm. 115; Guðs hann gáði, he gave heed to God, Sl. 4; gá sín, to take heed to oneself:—gá til e-s, to mark, Fb. ii. 193:—in mod. usage, gá að e-u, to heed, observe; gef mér Jesu að gá að því, Pass. 1. 27; freq. in phrases such as, gáðu að þér, take heed! beware! gáðu að Guði, take heed to God! take care what thou art doing! with infin., eigi mun gáð hafa verit at setja fyrir lokurnar, they have not taken care to lock the door, Lv. 60, Fms. vi. 368: without the mark of infin., glýja þú né gáðir, thou didst not care to be gleeful, thou wast sorrowful, Hðm. 7.
2. f. barking; hund-gá, Lv. 60; goð-gá (q. v.), blasphemy.
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a, m. a scoffer, mocker, Edda (Gl.), Korm. 172 (in a verse).
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u, f. [from Germ. gabe], a gift in a spiritual sense; skáldskapar-gáfa, a poetical gift: esp. in pl. gifts, wit.
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part. gifted; flug-g., vel-g., clever; ílla-g., treg-g., dull-witted.
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u, f. a lively girl, Lex. Poët.
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að, dep. to make jokes.
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gála-samligr, adj. waggish, Fas. iii. 399.
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m. waggery.
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m. load of the gallows, referring to the myth told in Hm. 139 sqq., of Odin hanging in the tree Vinga-meid or Ygg-drasil.
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-valdr, m. the king, ruler of the gallows, poët. names of Odin, Lex. Poët.
n. gallows-tree.
n. a gallows-tree, Fms. vii. 13, viii. 261, Fas. i. 215. A hook is poët. called agn-gálgi, ‘bait-gallows,’ Lex. Poët.
m. gallows (reisa gálga).
a, m. [Ulf. renders σταυρός by galga; A. S. gealga; Engl. gallows; Hel. galgo; Germ. galgen; Dan.-Swed. galge]:—the gallows; in olden times they were worked by a lever, and the culprit was hauled up (spyrna gálga), Fms. vii. 13; hence also the phrase, hengja á hæsta gálga, festa upp, and the like, vide Gautr. S. ch. 7; an old Swed. allit. law phrase, á gálga ok gren, on gallows and green tree (Fr.), as trees were used for gallows (cp. the Engl. ‘gallows-tree’); reisa, höggva gálga, Orkn. 436, Ó. H. 46, Am. 37, 55, Grett. 128: in poetry (vide Lex. Poët.) the gallows are called the horse of Sigar, from the love tale of the Danish hero of that name: the cross is now and then called gálgi, e. g. Mar. S., and even in mod. eccl. writers (Vidal.), but very rarely, and only in rhetorical phrases.
COMPDS: gálgafarmr, gálgagramr, gálgatré.
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n. ‘gallows-carrion,’ the corpse of one hung in chains, a law phrase, Grág. ii. 131.
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a, m. a wag.
COMPDS: gálaligr, gálaskapr.
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n. [prob. a Fin. word; Lap. galco = a beast], a monster; in old poetry weapons are called hlífa-g.; randar-gálkn, the beast of shield and armour, Lex. Poët.; else in prose, finn-gálkn, q. v.; hrein-gálkn, a dub. word, Hým. 24.
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m. a fit of gaiety; það er gállinn á honum núna.
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m. a kind of cod-fish.
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m. attention; ó-gáningr, heedlessness.
n. buffoonery, mocking.
n. buffoonery, Sturl. i. 24.
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part. full of chinks or sparks; sól-g., a poët. epithet of waves tipped by the sun, Vígl. (in a verse).
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a, m. the chinks in a tree; gára-lauss, adj. chinkless; gáróttr, adj. wood full of chinks.
(-s, -ar), m. buffoon.
m. a buffoon, Grett. 144 A, Sturl. i. 172, Stj. 424. Ruth iii. 10 (young men); gárungs-háttr, m. buffoonery, Bb. 3. 49.
a. given to buffoonery.
adj. given to buffoonery, Bs. i. 646.
(gen. gásar; pl. gæss), f. goose (galt hann gagl fyrir gás).
f., gen. gásar, nom. pl. gæss, acc. gæs, mod. nom. gæs, gæsar, pl. gæsir, gæsa, gæsum, keeping the æ through all cases: [Dan. gaas, pl. gjæs; A. S. gôs, pl. gês or gees; Engl. goose, pl. geese; O. H. G. ganzo; Germ. gans, pl. gänse; cp. Lat. anser, dropping the initial; Gr. χήν]:—a goose, Grág. ii. 346, 347, N. G. L. i. 211 (Js. 78), Korm, 206, Ó. H. 86, Gkv. 1. 16; heim-g., a tame goose; grá-g., a ‘grey goose,’ wild goose; brand-g., q. v.
COMPDS: gásafiðri, gæsafjaðrir.
2. gás, cunnus, Fms. xi. 52.
II. Gásir, f. pl. the local name of a harbour in Icel., Landn.
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n. a goose feather, D. N.; mod.
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a, m. wild joy.
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m. a gos-hawk, Edda (Gl.), N. G. L. i. 242, Str., Karl., passim.
f. goose-catching.
f. goose catching, Vm. 140.
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n. [geta], a dainty, Lex. Poët.; mun-gát, q. v., Dan. mundgodt.
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f. [gá, gæta], heed, attention, Pass. 21. 4; í ógáti, inadvertently.
(gen. pl. gatna), f. path, way, road; vera á götu e-s, to be in one’s way; sitja á götu e-s, to lie in wait for (= sitja fyrir e-m); alla götu, always, throughout.
u, f. [geta; Dan. gaade; Swed. gåta], a guessing; til-gáta, a suggestion; get-gáta, guess-work, but in old writers scarcely used in this sense.
II. a riddle, Stj. 411, Fas. i. 464 sqq.; Icel. bera upp gátu, to ask a riddle; ráða gátu, to read a riddle; hence the saying, myrk er óráðin gáta, mirk (dark) is an unread riddle, cp. Bs. i. 226; koll-gáta, in the phrase, eiga kollgátuna, to guess the riddle; cp. geta í kollinn.
(pl. -ir), f.
1) the rabbet of a doorsill or doorpost; var hnigin hurð á gátt, the door was shut;
2) pl. doorway; innan gátta, indoors.
f. [gaatt, Ivar Aasen], the rabbet of a door-sill, against which the door shuts; hann gengr þá útar frá konungi til gáttar, to the door-sill, Jómsv. 12; hence such phrases as, hurð hnigin á gátt, a door shut but not locked, Gísl. 29, Fas. ii. 345; sá gægðisk út hjá gáttinni, Bárð. 171; cp. gætti; hurð á hálfa gátt, a door half open, = á klofa in old writers; innan-gátta, in-doors, Eb. 302; utan-gátta, out-of-doors, Stj. 436. gáttar-tré, n. a door-post, Gþl. 345.
II. in pl. the door-way, the place nearest to the door, Hm. 1; hón lauk upp hurðinni ok stóð í gáttum stund þá, Fb. i. 547.—Gátt is now in Icel. esp. used of the space (esp. in stalls) between the door-post and the wall, hence troða upp í gáttina, to fill up the ‘gatt.’
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adv. heedlessly, Grett. 93 A.
a. heedless, wanton.
adj. heedless, wanton, Fms. viii. 4, Hom. 57.
a. wanton, careless.
adj. wanton, careless, Hom. 73, Eluc. 28, Sks. 301.
n. heedlessness.
n. heedlessness, Gþl. 162, Bs. ii. 172.
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adj. waggish, noisy, Grett. 128 A.
a. heedful, attentive.
adj. (-semi, f.), attentive, Hom. (St.) 62.
f. pike (fish).
u, f. [cp. gaddr; Swed. gädda; Dan. gjæde], a pike, Edda Gl.), Fas. i. 152, 489, Sæm.
n.
1) mind, wits, senses;
heimta aptr ~ sitt, to come to one’s senses again;
vera gætinn at ~i, to be on one’s guard;
vita til síns ~s, to be master of one’s wits;
2) disposition, liking;
honum var vel í ~i til Freysteins, he was well disposed to Fr.;
þú fellst mér vel í ~, you are to my liking;
féllst hvárt öðru (féllust þau) vel í ~, they liked one another well.
n. [a Scandin. word, neither found in Ulf., Saxon, nor Germ.; lost in mod. Dan. and Swed.; gje, Ivar Aasen]:—mind, mood; the old Hm. often uses the word almost = wits, senses; hann stelr geði guma, he steals the wits of men, steeps them in lethargy, 12; vita til síns geðs, to be in one’s senses, 11, 19; heimta aptr sitt geð, of a drunkard, to come to one’s senses again, to awake, 13; vera gætinn at geði, to be on one’s guard, 6; cp. gá (geyma) síns geðs, Fms. vii. 133, x. 10: in pl., lítil eru geð guma, many men have little sense, Hm. 52:—this meaning is obsolete.
2. spirits; uppi er þá geð guma, then folk are in high spirits, Hm. 16.
3. mind; hverju geði styrir gumna hverr, Hm. 17; ok þér er grunr at hans geði, and thou trustest not his mind towards thee, 45.
4. in prose, favour, liking; at Þorgilsi var eigi geð á, whom Th. liked not, Ld. 286; féllsk hvárt öðru vel í geð, they liked one another well, Band. 3, 9; ok þat geð at ek görða mér vísa fjándr at vilöndum, and such grace (engaging mind) that I made open foes into well-wishers, Stor. …
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að, dep. to be pleased with, like, Fms. iii. 97; e-m g. vel at e-u, to be well pleased with, Vígl. 25.
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n. temper, disposition.
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f. heartsease, Sks. 114: the name of an Icel. poem.
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adj. fine-looking, portly, Safn i. 63.
(gef; gaf, gáfum; gefinn), v.
1) to give (~ e-m e-t);
hann gaf þeim góðar gjafar, he gave them good gifts;
~ e-m ráð, to give one advice;
~ hljóð, to give a hearing;
~ e-m sök, e-t at sök, to lay to one’s charge, to bring a charge against one;
~ slög, to deal blows;
~ e-m drekka, to give one to drink;
impers., e-m gefr byr (byri), one gets a fair wind (gaf þeim byr ok sigla þeir í haf);
absol., gaf þeim vel, they got a fair wind;
ef fœri gefr á, if you get a chance;
ef yðr (dat.) gefr eigi missýi í þessu máli, if you are not mistaken in this matter;
þat gaf öllum vel skilja, it was clear for all to understand;
2) to give, grant;
~ heimleyfi, to grant furlough;
~ e-m grið, to grant quarter or pardon to one;
~ e-m líf, to grant one his life;
3) to give in matrimony (ek var ung gefin Njáli);
4) to give fodder to cattle, to feed (~ göltum, nautum, kúm, hestum);
5) ~ staðar, to stop;
lét hann þá staðar ~ róðrinn, he stopped rowing;
6) e-m er e-t svá gefit, or svá gefit um e-t, one is so and so disposed, thinks so and so of a thing (ef þér er þetta svá gefit sem þú segir); …
pret. gaf, 2nd pers. gaft, mod. gafst, pl. gáfu; pres. gef; pret. subj. gæfi; part. gefinn; with neg. suff. gef-at, gaft-attu, Fm. 7; mid. form gáfumk (dabat or dabant mihi, nobis), Stor. 23, Bragi, Edda: [Goth. giban = διδόναι; A. S. gifan; Engl. give; Dutch geven; O. H. G. gepan; Germ. geben; Swed. gifva; Dan. give.]
A. To give, with acc. of the thing, dat. of the person; g. gjafar, to give gifts, Fm. 7, Fms. vii. 40, Nj. 29, Hm. 48; mikit eitt skala manni gefa, 51; hann kvaðsk eingin yxn eiga þau áðr at honum þætti honum gefandi (gerundial, worth giving to him), Rd. 256; hann gaf stórgjafir öllu stórmenni, Ld. 114; hann gaf þeim góðar gjafir at skilnaði, Gísl. 9; Rútr gaf henni hundrað álna, Nj. 7; viltú g. mér þá, 73, 75, 281, passim.
II. to give in payment, to pay; gefa vildim vit þér fé til, we will give thee money for it, Nj. 75; yðr væri mikit gefanda (gerundial) til, at þér hefðit ekki íllt átt við Gunnar, you would have given a great deal not to have provoked Gunnar, 98; ek mun g. þér til Guðrúnu dóttur mína ok féit allt, id.: to lay out, hann gaf sumt verðit þegar í hönd, Gísl. …
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part. pl. givers, Hm. 2, Grág. ii. 169.
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adv. gratis, (mod.)
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u, f. [Gael. gwayw], a missile, Edda (Gl.)
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f. the name of the goddess, Yngl. S. ch. 1, Edda ch. 1; in the Middle Ages the Icel. used to render Diana by Gefjon, e. g. mikil er G. gyðja, great is the goddess Diana, 655 xvi. B, Acts xix. 28; hof Gefjonar = Lat. templum Dianas, Bret. 20 note, passim: rarely = Venus, Stj. 90, or = Minerva, Bret. 20:—name of a woman, Dropl. 36.
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f., poët. name of the goddess Freyja, Edda 21; prop. a giver, in poët. periphr. descriptions of women, Lex. Poët.
n. conduct, behaviour.
n. even temper, good temper, Sks. passim.
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u, f. a loose woman, Edda (Lauf.)
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að, dep. to get out of joint; geggjaðr, part. disordered.
I)
prep. with dat., against (í gegn vindi sem forvindis);
í gegn eðli, against nature.
II)
a.
1) honest (sannorðr ok ~);
2) fit (fór Ó. þar á land, sem honum þótti gegnast);
3) direct, straight (hinn gegnsta veg).
1. adv., old form gögn, with dat. [not found in Ulf., who uses and and viþra; A. S. gegn in compds; Engl. gain- (in gain-say), a-gain; Germ. gegen; Dan. igjen; Swed. gen: cp. the adj. gegn]
1. against, right opposite; í gegn vindi sem forvindis, Bs. i. 22; gegn veðri, Bjarn. 52; sjá í gegn sólu, to look straight at the sun, Fms. viii. 114; þeir áttu at vega í gegn jelinu, xi. 136.
2. metaph. against, contrary to; Örn var til móts, en mestr hluti manna honum í gegn, voted against him, Ld. 74; rísa í gegn e-m, Fms. i. 221; í gegn slíku ofrefli, viii. 29; í gegn eðli, against nature, Bs. i. 335; þat eitt er eigi mæli því í gegn, which is not contrary to it, Grág. i. 7; ok mælti því manngi í gegn, Íb. 17, Anecd. 72: in medic. sense, þar eru alls-kyns tré ok aldin í gegn (against) meinum manna, Eluc. 24, (rare.)
β. absol. or ellipt., svá bjartr at þeir þorðu eigi í gegn at vega, Fms. v. 161; þó vörðusk þeir eigi né í gegn hjöggu, 655 xi. 1: so the law phrase, ganga í gegn e-u, to avow or meet a charge; …
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(-da, -t), v.
1) to go against, meet (~ e-m);
2) to suit one, be meet for one;
velit þat er yðr gegnir, choose what best suits you;
3) to signify, mean, matter;
spurði, hverju gegndi úgleði sú, er hann hafði, asked what his sadness meant;
sumir mæltu í móti ok kváðu øngu ~, some denied it, and said it was of no use;
meira en hófi gegnir, more than is due, above measure;
~ tíðendum, to be of importance;
4) to amount to;
svá at mörgum hundruðum gegndi, so that it amounted to many hundreds.
d, [Germ. begegnen, cp. gegn, the adv.], to go against, meet, encounter; hann hafði þar mikit lið ok skyldi g. Birkibeinum, Fms. vii. 324; g. þeim er á sund hlaupa, ix. 22; skyldu þeir g. um njósnir ok annask vegu alla, Sturl. iii. 236.
II. metaph.,
1. to meet an engagement, to pay, discharge; ef hann á bú, þótt hann gegni eigi tillögum, though he pays no rates, Grág. i. 160; þá á hón at g. þriðjungi (take the third part of the charges) fyrir ómaga þeirra, 337; ok skal hann þá g. (account, redress) við hinn ef landsleigur væri minni en verðit, ii. 239: as a law term, of a duty, to meet, discharge; but also of rights, to be entitled to; þá g. börn beggja arfi, N. G. L. i. 33; ok g. réttum öllum, 55; g. kostnaði, Fms. viii. 371: to pay, g. þingfarar-kaupi, Grág. passim, Ísl. ii. 344, Íb. ch. 10; g. skyldu sinni, to do one’s duty:—g. líkum, ok syngja sálu-messu, to meet the bodies, of the officiating clergyman, N. G. L. i. 390.
2. to suit one, be meet for one; velit þat er yðr gegnir, choose what best suits you, 623. 30; leyfi þér honum at fara sem honum gegnir bezt, Nj. …
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f. moderation, reason; það er engi gegnd í því, ‘tis unreasonable; ó-gegnd, excess; í ó-gegnd, excessively; það er mesta ó-gegnd, id.: gegndar-ligr, adj. (-liga, adv.), = gegniligr; gegndar-lauss, adj. (-leysi, n.), unreasonable, exorbitant.
f. suitableness;
á þessu er engi ~, this will not do.
f. = gegnd, Band. 3, Fms. ii. 88.
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adj. (-liga, adv.), ‘gainly,’ meet, due, Vígl. 32, Sturl. ii. 63; vide the adj. gegn.
1) adv. straight; compar., gegnra, gegnara, more straight; superl., gegnst, gegnast, the shortest way; most right, meetest;
2) prep. with dat. over against, opposite to (g. konungi).
adv.:
I. almost like a prep. with dat. opposite to, = gagnvart, q. v.; Laugabær stendr gegnt Tungu, Ld. 122; í öndvegi gegnt konungi, Eg. 304; yfir gegnt þeim á brekkunni, Ísl. ii. 200; gegnt rekkju þeirri er Kjartan var vanr at liggja í, Ld. 202; í öðru öndvegi g. honum, Ó. H. 43; gegnt Hofi, Sd. 142: vóru þá komnir mjök svá þar gegnt, Nj. 247.
II. really as adv. straight; svá gegnt (so straight, with so good an aim) at í sitt auga kom hver örin, Fas. i. 271.
2. compar. gegnra or gegnara, more straight; gegnra skauztu í sumar, Fms. viii. 140; hann mun miklu lengra skjóta ok gegnara, ii. 266.
3. superl. gegnst, [Swed. genast = at once; Dan. gjennest], the ‘ganest,’ shortest way; hann stefnir þegar et gegnsta, the ‘ganest’ way, Ld. 240; ok it gegnsta reið hann til Þyrils, Ísl. ii. 109; ok skal gerða it gegnsta þar, Grág. ii. 264; for Öngull þar á land sem honum þótti gegnast (‘ganest,’ shortest), Grett. 155 A.
β. metaph. meetest, most right or just; spyrja vitrir menn hvat gegnast muni í þessu máli, Ld. …
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1) prep. with acc. through (gegnum vegginn);
adv., old form gögnum rhyming to Rögn, Orkn. 80: [this word seems not to be found in Germ. and Saxon, but Dan. igjennem, Swed. genom; cp. gagn-, gegn]:—through, with acc.; laust gögnum súluna, gögnum Geirröð ok gögnum vegginn, Edda 61; holtriða hver í gegnum, Hým. 27; súlur í gögnum, 29; hann hljóp báðum fótum gögnum skipit, Edda 36; gögnum hellu mikla, 20; ok renndi svá í g. hann, El. 15; Gerzkan mann skýtr hann í gegnum með gafloki, Al. 40; ef þú leggr í gögnum báða skjölduna, El. 12; flaug skotið í gögnum hann, Edda 37; brjóta nýja ósa í gögnum fjöru manns, Grág. ii. 354; í gegnum skjöldinn, Nj. 84; en ek þykjumk sjá allt í gegnum þá er ek kem í land, 134; ok gókk þegar í gegnum, 262; í gegnum eyjarnar, Eg. 251; út í g. vegginn, 398; ef hval rekr í g. merkiósa, Grág. ii. 353, Fms. i. 217; ganga gegnum fylkingar, to go right through the ranks, Fms. xi. 131; í g. Danmörk, through Denmark, A. A. 288; settar gullknöppum í gegnum niðr, all through, Eg. 516; ek vil ísinn láta höggva í g. út, all along, all through, Fms. viii. 416; hence adverb., út í gegn, all through, from beginning to end.
II. temp. …
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f. a Norse law term, ‘harbouring the king,’ a tax, D. N.
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adj. straight, Sks. 4: metaph. = the adj. gegn II, Hom. 69.
(að), v. to mumble (g. á e-u).
að, [cp. A. S. geaflas = grinders], to mumble with the lips; gömlum kennu vér nú Goðanum at g. á saltinu, see how we teach the old Godi to mumble the salt, Bs. i. 25;—it was usual to put salt into the mouth of neophytes when baptized as a symbol of the words (Matth. v. 13) ‘ye are the salt of the earth,’ vide Bingham’s Origg. iv. 39:—metaph. to mutter, þótt þú geiflir slíkt, Grett. 116 (MS.):—geifla sig, to make a wry mouth as if about to cry.
(að), v. to take a wrong direction; eigi veit, hvar úskytja ör ~r, none can tell where a shaft ill-shol may stray to.
að, to take a wrong direction, to rove at random, of a bolt or the like; ok geigaði á fluginu, Grett. 124; hann skaut tveimr örum eðr þremr ok geigaði þat allt, Sturl. ii. 135; eigi veit hvar óskytja ör geigar, none can tell where a shaft ill-shot may stray to, Fms. vii. 262, Fas. ii. 358, (a saying.)
2. láta augun g., to look askance, Hom. (St.)
m.
1) scathe, serious hurt; vinna, gera, veita e-m geig, to hurt one;
2) danger (er þat enn mesti g.).
m. a scathe, serious hurt; ef þeir fá geig af vápnum sínum, Nj. 115; vinna, veita, göra e-m geig, to hurt one, 253, Fms. xi. 119; at óstyrk kona skyldi geig göra mega svá miklum sel, that she should have been able to cause death to so big a seal, Bs. i. 335; eigi vilda ek þér geig hafa gört, Njarð. 378; en þess varð aldregi víst, hverr honum hafði geig veittan, who had slain him, Orkn. 376, Fbr. (in a verse); ef kirkju verðr geigr af eldi, K. Þ. K. 48.
2. danger; er þat enn mesti geigr, Ld. 238, Fms. vii. 270; en mér þótti þú stýra oss til ens mesta geigs, Hkr. ii. 222; at eigi veitti hann þau áhlaup í bræði sinni er geig setti, 686 B. 1; sagði at þá væri búit við geig mikinn með þeim feðgum, Eg. 158.
3. a squint, a leer; geigr er þér í augum, Nj. in a ditty.
COMPDS: geigrligr, geigrskot, geigskot, geigrþing.
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adj., poët. dangerous, Lex. Poët.
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better
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n. a dangerous meeting, battle, Hallfred; better in two words.
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adj. caustic, sarcastic, Nj. 38, v. l.
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n. a deadly shot; in the phrase, at skjóta g. í móti e-m, to shoot the death bolt against one, i. e. to seek to take one’s life, Fb. ii. 353, Fms. v. 76.
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adv. dangerously, Bs. i. 343.
a. dangerous, fatal.
adj. dangerous, fatal, Fas. iii. 123, Hom. 39, Fms. xi. 132, Finnb. 346.
(pl. -ar), f. narrow glen, lane.
f. [cp. gil, a chasm]:—a narrow glen; geilar þær sem ganga fyrir framan Titlingshól, Vm. 156, Fms. viii. 409, Nj. 114, Gísl. 136; geilar þreyngar at ríða at bænum, Orkn. 450; gras-geilar, grassy ‘gills,’ Hrafn. 20; Hrossa-geilar, id.
II. any narrow passage, e. g. a shaft through a hay-rick or the narrow lane between hay-ricks or houses.
COMPDS: geilagarðr, geilagarðshlið.
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n. a gate in a fence, Sturl. ii. 247; skal geilar göra af mönnum (defile of men) heim at kirkjugarðs-hliði, Bs. i. 291: göra e-m geilar, a law phrase, to let (a thief) run the gauntlet, N. G. L. i. 253, passim; hafs-geil, the sea-lane, through which the host of Pharaoh passed, Stj. 287, cp. Exod. xiv. 23.
m. a fence along a geil.
m. a ‘glen-formed’ fence, a walk, id.;
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a, m., mod. geimr, m., poët. the main, the sea, Edda (Gl.); skaut jörð ór geima, Edda Ht. 13: in mod. usage geimr means a vast empty space; himin-geimr, the universe, the air, ether; háfa skilr hnetti himingeimr, Jónas 167: the popular phrase, spyrja e-n útí alla heima og geima, to speer (ask) freely about everything.
n. idle talk, nonsense.
n. idle talk, nonsense, in mod. usage esp. foolish exaggeration, Nj. 214, Fms. ii. 286, Karl. 478.
(að), v. to talk nonsense.
að, to talk nonsense, Fms. v. 333, 341, Sturl. i. 206, Gísl. 99.
f. brag, nonsense.
f. brag, nonsense, Sturl. i. 207, Lv. 60, Glúm. 342.
m. gore, triangular strip.
a, m. [Engl. goar or gore; Germ. gebre], a goar or triangular strip, Orkn. 374 (in a verse), freq.; land-g., a goar of land; gras-geirar, grass strips among rocks; set-g., a goar let into breeches.
II. a pr. name, Landn.
III. fire, poët., Edda (Gl.)
(-s, -ar), m.
1) spear;
2) the point of an anvil (nefsteði).
m. [A. S. gâr; Hel. gêr; O. H. G. keir, whence kesja, q. v.; cp. also Lat. gaesum, a Teut.-Lat. word]:—a spear, Edda 41, Fms. i. 177, Hm. 15, 37, Hkv. 1. 15, Hbl. 40; Odin is represented wielding a geir, called Gungnir, as are also the Valkyrjur; marka sik geirs-oddi, to mark oneself in the breast with a spear’s point, so as to make blood flow, was a heathen rite whereby warriors on their death-bed devoted themselves to Odin; it was the common belief that a man who died a natural death was not admitted into Valhalla after death; this rite is only mentioned in mythical Sagas such as Yngl. S. ch. 10; cp. also Gautr. S. ch. 7.—þá stakk Starkaðr sprotanum á konungi ok mælti, nú gef ek þik Óðni: the origin of this rite is in Hm., where Odin himself is represented as hanging on the tree Yggdrasil ‘wounded with a spear and given to Odin, myself to myself;’ some trace it to a Christian origin, which is not very likely. Again, the cruel blóðörn (q. v.) is no doubt connected with this kind of sacrifice to Odin.
II. a pr. name, and also in many compds, Sig-geirr, Þór-geirr, Ás-geirr, Vé-geirr (the holy spear), and Geir-hildr, Geir-ríðr, Geir-mundr, Geir-laug, Geir-röðr, and many others, vide Landn. …
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m. gerfalcon.
a, m. [a for. word; mid. Lat. gyrfalco], a gerfalcon, H. E. i. 391, N. G. L. ii. 471.
m. gare-fowl, the great awk.
m. alca impennis, Edda (Gl.); hence Geirfugla-sker, n. a local name in Icel.
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m. a kind of whale, Sks. 124, Edda (Gl.)
m. garlic.
m. garlic, Edda (Gl.), Gkv. 1. 18.
m. the nail fastening a spear’s head to the shaft.
a, m. the nail fastening a spear’s head to the shaft, Grett. 123, Gþl. 105, Fas. i. 239, Gísl. 11.
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m., and geir-nyt, f. a fish, chimaera monstrosa Linn.: a sea-rat, Eggert Itin. 598.
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n. a kind of herring, Edda (Gl.)
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n. a spear-shaft, N. G. L. i. 144.
f. nipple (of a man).
u, f. the nipple, of a man, Rb. 346, Sturl. i. 41, Ld. 136, 140, Fs. 145: of a woman, less correctly, Mar. 603.
f. impetuosity.
n. [M. H. G. gis = yeast], boasting, Fbr. 99 new Ed.
(að), v. to rage, be furious; þeirra ofsi ~r hátt, their insolence runs high.
að, [Ulf. gaisjan or usgaisjan means to be alarmed, astonished; mid. Germ. gise and Swed. gäsa = to ferment; cp. Engl. yeast]:—to chafe, rage, of fire, Vsp. 57; láta gráðugan loga geisa, Mar. 530; hón (an excited lady) geisaði mjök, Nj. 57; látum Gamminn geisa, of a ship under sail, 135 (in a ditty); þeirra ofsi geisar hátt, their insolence runs high, Edda 146 (pref.); hversu sunnarlega geisar ríki föður þíns, Bær. 13; ofarr lét Grettir g. saxit í fyrra, Grett. 99 new Ed. Cod. Ups.
II. to be panic-stricken, a notion which only appears in the word geiski: cp. geysask.
f. impetuosity (= geis).
f. impetuosity, Band. 9.
m. panic, fear.
a, m. panic, fear, Fas. i. 193, where spelt gyzki. geiska-fullr, adj. frightened, of a hunted deer, Hkv. 2. 35.
m.
1) snow-skater’s staff;
2) ray, beam.
m. (gísli, Fb. ii. 273, less correctly), [cp. O. H. G. geisila, mid. and mod. Germ. geissel, a scourge]:—the staff used by men sliding in snow shoes, O. H. L. 153.
2. the short ribs, costae, Björn.
(að), v. to shed rays, to beam.
að, to shed rays, Sks. 206, Fms. iii. 51, v. 341, Sl. 42; geislaði af meyjunni, it beamed from the maid, she shed rays of light, Mar. 618: metaph. to shed, Magn. 428.
m. = geisl.
a, m.
1. prop. a beam, staff, = geisl; but only used,
2. metaph. a beam, ray, of the sun, Rb. 472, Fas. i. 516, Hkv. 1. 15, Hom. 128; sólar-g., a sun-beam; ár-g., morning-beam, poët.: the eye is called brá-geisli, brow-beam, Korm. Geisla-dagr, m. ‘Beam-day;’ it is prob. a rendering of Epiphany, though it is not used of that very day, which is called Þrettándi, but of the seventh day after, viz. the 13th of January.
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f. = gísling, Fas. i. 5 (badly).
(að), v. to yawn, gape.
að, [Engl. to gasp; Dan. gispe; Swed. gäspa], to yawn, Nj. 20, Fas. i. 11, Fms. x. 204, Fb. i. 259.
m. yawn.
a, m. a yawn, Fms. vi. 199.
(gen. -ar; pl. geitr), f. a she-goat (ragr sem geit).
f., gen. geitar, pl. geitr, [Goth. gaitei; A. S. gât; Engl. goat; Germ. geiz; Swed. get; Dan. geed; Lat. hoedus]:—a she-goat (the he-goat is hafr), Grág. i. 418, 503, Hkv. 1. 42, 2. 35, Skm. 35, Rm. 12, Gm. 25, Edda 24, 46, passim; stein-geit, the steinbock or wild goat.
2. metaph. a coward (cp. Engl. hare); hann er mesta geit, he is a ‘frightened hare,’ cp. Grett. ch. 8, Valla L. 212:—this metaphor is taken from the skógar-geit or roebuck, Fms. ii. 309, Hkv. 2. 35.
COMPDS: geitarhár, geitarhorn, geitarhugr, geitahús, geitakúgildi, geitarskegg, geitasveinn, geitbelgr, geitbjálfi, geitfé, geithéðinn, geitsauðr, geitskinn, geitstaka.
II. botan., geitna-njóli, a, m. aegopodium. geitna-skóf, n. lichen proboscideus, Hjalt. geit-skór, m. ‘goat-shoe,’ the willow-weed, epilobium, Ivar Aasen: a nickname, Íb. ch. 2.
III. medic. geitr, only in pl., scurvy in the head from vermin, Fas. i. 9.
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n. goat’s hair, Stj. 306.
n. goat’s horn.
n. a goat’s horn, Fms. vii. 156.
m. cowardice.
m. a she-goat’s courage, cowardice, Fms. x. 351.
n. goat beard.
n. a goat’s beard, Fms. iii. 94.
n. goat-house.
n. a goat’s fold, Ó. H. 15, Njarð. 374, Grett. 150 A.
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n. a cow’s value paid in goats, Am. 50.
m. goat-herd.
m. a goat-boy, goat-herd, Fas. i. 139.
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m., poët. a giant: a pr. name, Landn.
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u, f. angelica sylvestris, Hjalt.
m. wasp.
m. [Swed. geting; Dan. geding], a wasp; in Edda (Gl.) wrongly rendered as a bird.
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m. a goat-skin (blown up), Rd. 245 (a nickname),
m. goat-skin coat or hairy jacket.
a, m. a goat-skin coat, Fas. iii. 621.
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n. collective noun, like Lat. pecus, Fas. iii. 383.
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m. a goat-skin jacket, Nj. 211; a pr. name, Bs. i.
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m. much the same as geitfé, Grág. i. 503; gener. she-goats, Stj. 45.
n. goat-skin.
n. a goat-skin, Stj. 470: goat-skins were used by sorcerers, Nj. 20; hence the phrase, vefja geitskinni at höfði e-m, to hoodwink one.
f. = geitskinn.
u, f. a goat-skin, Fas. iii. 502.
(-da, -dr), v. to geld, castrate.
d, mod. t, [root in Goth. gilþa = a sickle], to geld, Grág. i. 301, Edda 149 (pref.), Sturl. ii. 69, 181, Fms. vii. 185, Hkv. 1. 39.
II. part. geldr (geltr), Hkv. Hjörv. 20.
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t, dep. to become barren, yield no milk.
f. gelding, castration.
f. a gelding, Grág. i. 419. geldinga-maðr, m. = geldir.
(-s, -ar), m.
1) wether;
2) eunuch.
m. a wether, Grág. i. 502, 503, Nj. 26, Ísl. ii. 330, Vm. 58–60, Sturl. i. 81, Band. 4, Rd. 299, Þorst. Stang. 51, passim; also in local names, Landn., Bs. geldinga-hús, n. a fold for wethers, Rd. 235.
II. an eunuch, K. Á. 120, Al. 57, Stj. 195.
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m. a gelder; hesta-g., a nickname, Landn.
a. yielding no milk, dry.
adj. [Swed. gall], barren, yielding no milk, Grág. i. 502, 503, Vm. 33.
n. barren sheep.
n. a barren sheep (cp. geldær), Grág. i. 416, 421, Eg. 740, Vm. 87.
COMPDS: geldfjár-afréttr, -hagar, m., -höfn, f. pasture for geldfé, Vm. 60, 80, Grág. ii. 326. geldfjár-kúgildi, n. a cow’s value paid in geldfé, Vm. 34, Jb. 361. geldfjár-rekstr, m. = geldfjárhöfn, Grág. ii. 327, Jb. 284, Dipl. iv. 9. geldfjár-samnaðr, m. a flock of geldfé, Grág. i. 416.
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m. = geldfé, Dipl. v. 7.
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m. a gelded horse, gelding, Vm. 18.
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f. adj.; g. kýr, a barren cow (Swed. gall-ko), Grág. i. 502.
n. barren cattle.
n. barren neat (cattle), Ld. 98, Vm. passim.
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f. a barren ewe (Scot. gelt gimmer, Jamieson), Vm. 168.
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u, f. [akin to gálgi], the cheek bones of a fish; gelgju-bein, n. the small bones in the gelgja; hence gelgju-legr or gelgju-leitr, adj. haggard-looking, pinched in the face.
II. mythol. the name of the tack or pin belonging to the chain whereby the wolf Fenrir was fastened, F. Edda 221, cp. 20.
(-da), v. to yell, roar, bellow (sem griðungr gelldi).
d, [A. S. gellan], to yell, esp. of wild beasts, Hkr. i. 229, Ísl. ii. 170, Karl. 140, Bs. ii. 10.
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a, m. a nickname, Ó. H.
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m. a yeller, a nickname, Landn.: a bull, Edda (Gl.)
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m. = geldingr, D. I. i. 257.
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n. barking.
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t, (cp. gella), to yell; prop. of dogs, to bark; þeir gjölltu sem hundar, Fas. iii. 623: gelta and gelt are now the current words in Icel., but scarcely occur in old writers, as Hm. 86 is a mod. interpolation.
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u, f. a stump, worn out tooth, in the mouth of old people, Bjarn. 186; but also of teeth in the mouth of new-born babes, called skálda-gemlur, ‘poet-grinders,’ from the old saying that a child born with teeth will become a poët. Ísl. Þjóðs. ii. 5.
(-s, -ar), m. a year-old sheep (at rýja gemlinga).
m. (dimin. gemsi, a, m.), a year old (gamal) sheep, Sd. 154.
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m., poët. the old, an eagle, Lex. Poët.: in mythol. names as Ör-g., cp. Germ. ur-alt, Edda, Lex. Poët.
n. gibe, scoff.
n. a gibe, scoff, Fbr. 169, Sturl. iii. 80, Bs. i. 649, Band. (MS.) 19, where masc.
(að), v. to gibe, scoff.
að, to gibe, scoff.
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f. gibing, Bs. i. 649.
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m. a giber, Sturl. iii. 262.
a. full of gibes.
adj., full of gibes, Sturl. iii. 69.
n.
1) luck, success; án er ills ~s nema heiman hafi, ill luck is home-bred;
2) help, support; afla sér ~s, to gather troops.
n. [ganga], good luck, success; in the saying, án er ílls gengis (íllt gengi) nema heiman hafi, ill luck is homebred, is one’s own making, Nj. 27, Dropl. 23, Ísl. ii. 144, Gísl. 63; or, áni er ílls gengis, áni used substantively (vide ‘an,’ p. 43); ok várt g. vaxa, and promote our success, Þórð. 64:—help, support, várt g. eðr liðsinni, Fb. ii. 126, 131; afla sér gengis, to gather troops, Fms. x. 394; g. Þrænzkra drengja, g. goða, g. Norðmanna, Hallfred, Hkm. 3, 10; vígs-gengi, helping sword in hand, Ld. 224; heita e-m gengi sínu, Fms. viii. 151: victory = gagn, Lex. Poët.: the saying, vex (göfgask) hverr af gengi, good luck makes a man’s fame, Edda Ht. 26, Mkv. 12: Icel. also say, vera í góðu (miklu) gengi, to enjoy fame, popularity; vera í litlu g., to be of small reputation.
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adj. passable, Vellekla.
a.
1) able to walk;
2) fit to walk on (vegr vel g.);
3) eiga heiman gengt, to have time and opportunity to leave home.
adj. able to walk, Grág. ii. 33, Fms. vii. 208, Landn. 226:—passable, fit to walk, Bs. i. 322; ó-gengr, unfit to walk or impassable; íll-g., bad to pass, of ice, crags, or the like:—the phrase, eiga heiman-gengt, to be able to go from home, i. e. to have leisure, Fbr. 17 new Ed.; eg á ekki heiman-gengt, ílla heiman-gengt, etc.:—of money, good, D. N.
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u, f. [gana], an απ. λεγ.: poët. an axe, Edda (Gl.): the name of a ship, Branda-genja, Sturl. ii. 166: the nickname of a woman, id.
f. girl, lass.
u, f. a girl; a special Norse word not used in Icel. and not found in old writers earlier than the 14th or 15th century, unless ‘getta’ in the verse in Hálfs S. be the same or kindred word; hvað líðr nú grautnum, genta, Fas. iii. 382, 389, 393 (Eg. Einh. S.), is the only passage where it is used in Icel. writers. In many languages the equivalents are curious, Engl. girl, Swed. flicka, Norse genta (proncd. yenta, vide Asbjörnsen’s Tales), Icel. stúlka, Dan. pige,—all words that baffle etymologers. The Germans seem to have no such word, as mädchen and mädel are plain enough. The Lapps have ganda = a girl, which may be the origin of genta.
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m. a little ill-shaped spoon, spón-gepill; akin to geifla.
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n. [Dan. gjær], yeast, vide gör.
v. see gøra.
ð, to do, vide göra.
I)
see gørð.
II)
f. yeast, ferment.
III)
(pl. -ar), f. gear, harness; pl. armour (gerðar várar).
gerningr, etc., vide görð, görningr, doing.
I)
see gørð.
II)
f. yeast, ferment.
III)
(pl. -ar), f. gear, harness; pl. armour (gerðar várar).
1. (and görð less correctly), f. yeast, ferment; ok kom þó ekki gerð í mungát, Bs. i. 339; þá kom þegar görþ í keren gnóg ok góð, id.; þat öl brásk alldregi þá er gerðar beiddi, 394; ok lét í kerinu sem þá er gerð væri í, Mirm.
β. medic., í-gerð, suppuration in a wound, (mod.)
2. f., used to rhyme with e (verðung—gerðar), Fms. vi. 448:—gear, harness, and in pl. esp. armour; sú gerð (fashion) var mönnum mjök tíð, iv. 110; klæði með slíkri gerð, sem …, Al. 121:—armour, vápn ok allar gerðar, Skáld H. R. 5. 43; gerðar hans er hann hafði, feld ok spjót, Glúm. 344; Hárs gerðar, war-gear, Fms. l. c.; gerðar várar, our armour, Hkm. 33.
II. girth; digrask í gerðum, to become stout in the waist, euphon. of a woman, to be with child; Icel. now say, hón er farin að þykkna undir belti.
(-ða, -ðr), v. to fence in.
ð, [garðr], to gird with a fence, hedge, Lex. Poët.
n. a fenced field.
n. [cp. garðr], a place girded round, a hedged or fenced field, garth; hann ferr til gerðisins ok sár niðr korninu, Nj. 170; ok snúa upp í gerði þat er heitir á Örlygsstöðum, sauða-hús stóð í gerðinu, Sturl. ii. 218; Finnbogi kvaðsk eiga gerði eitt, bað hann þangat fara ok leggja þar garð um, Finnb. 336: a pinfold, láta srnala sinn í gerði, Gþl. 406: akr-gerði, a field.
COMPDS: gerðisbeiti, gerðistún, gerðisvöndr.
f. fencing, hedging.
f. a girding, fencing, N. G. L. i. 41, Fb. ii. 7.
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n. the ‘bite’ or pasture in a garth, Gþl. 406.
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n. a garden, Matth. xxvi. 36.
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m. fence-faggots, Gþl. 379.
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f. a pr. name of a goddess, Edda; also of a woman, Eb., Landn.; and in many compds, Ás-gerðr, Hall-g., Ingi-g., Val-g., Þor-g., etc., Landn.
m. ‘ravener’, wolf (poet.).
a, m. [gerr], ‘ravener,’ the mythol. wolf of Odin, Gm., Edda.
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gerpi-legr, m. [garpr], martial, Nj. 72, Fb. ii. 204; g. ráð, good circumstances, Þorst. Síðu H. 178.
I)
a., see görr.
II)
adv., see gørr.
adj. = perfect, vide görr, göra.
I)
a., see görr.
II)
adv., see gørr.
adj. [akin to gjarn, q. v.], greedy; eigi ofdrykkju-maðr né ákafliga gerr, 686 B. 2, 1 Tim. iii. 8: gluttonous, opp. to neyzlu-grannr, freq. in mod. usage.
(pl. -semar), f. costly thing, jewel, treasure.
vide görsemi.
(-sta, -str), v. to annoy, tease (g. hug e-s).
or gesta, t, [A. S. gæstan], to annoy; g. hug e-s, to tease one, Greg. 64, Pr. 442, 623. 54; vér skulum g. hug hans, eigi sem þeir gerstu forðum á eyðimörkinni er Moysi fylgdu, Mart. 132: this word is quite obsolete, and chiefly used in old translations of legends.
II. part. gerstr, [Germ. garstig = hideous; O. H. G. garst = sour, harsh; cp. Engl. ghastly, agast], sour, dismal; gerstan dag, Skm. 30, Rm. 9:—sulky, hann leit gerstr við mér, he looked sulkily on me, Sighvat, Ó. H. 81 (Ann. for Nord. Oldk. 1866, p. 196).
see gørvi.
n. gear, vide görvi.
a. from Garðaríki.
adj. from Gardar, Nj. 46, Fms. passim.
II. = Girkskr, Greek, Al. 26, 40.
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in compds, vide gör-, görsemi, etc.
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n. a gridiron, Fas. iii. 240, an απ. λεγ.
(-s, -ir), m.
1) guest;
2) a royal retainer of inferior rank.
m., gen. gests; pl. gestir, acc. gesti; [Ulf. gasts = ξένος; A. S. gest; Engl. guest; Germ. gast; Dan. gjæst; Swed. gäst; Lat. hostis]:
I. a guest; the original meaning of this word is a stranger, alien, cp. Lat. hostis.
β. the Guests, one division of the king’s men; the Guests were a kind of policemen, and had not the full privileges of the king’s guardsmen or hirðmenn, although they were in the king’s pay; they had their own seats in the king’s hall, the guests’ bench, gesta-bekkr, m., Fb. i. 347; their own chief, gesta-höfðingi, a, m., Nj. 7, Hkr. ii. 69, Fms. vii. 35; their own banner, gesta-merki, n., Fms. ix. 489; their own meeting, gesta-stefna, u, f., Fms. viii. 250; they formed a separate body, gesta-sveit, f., Fas. i. 318; skulu þar fylgja hirðmenn ok gestir, Ó. H. 204, in the battle at Stiklastað: a guests’ hall, gesta-skáli, a, m., is mentioned in Eg. 28, Fas. ii. 93: a ship, gesta-skip (gesta-fley), n. …
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adv. hospitably, Vápn. 23.
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f. inheritance after a stranger (guest) who dies in one’s house, N. G. L. i. 51.
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and gest-feðrungr, m. a law term, defined in N. G. L. i. 209, ch. 5; a man who dies leaving no heirs and whose property lapses partly to the king and partly to the owner or landlord of the house in which he dies (or to the captain if he dies on board ship), N. G. L. i. 208, 209, Js. 74.
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a, m. a guest-friend, rendering of Gr. ξένος.
m. host (góðr ~).
a, m. a host; góðr g., a good host, Gísl. 47.
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part. come as a guest, a stranger, Stj. 152: a guest, Matth. xxv. 38.
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n. adj. much visited by strangers.
a. hospitable.
adj. hospitable, Greg. 32, Bs. i. 101, 1 Tim. iii. 2, Tit. i. 8, 1 Pet. iv. 9, passim.
f. hospitality.
f. hospitality, 655 v. 2, Bs. i. 81, 830, Rom. xii. 13, Heb. xiii. 2, passim.
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adv. hospitably, Vápn. 23, (prob. a false reading.)
n. guess (rare).
n. = geta, a guess, Fms. vi. 383 (and Mork. l. c.)
I)
(get; gat, gátum; getinn), v.
I. with acc.
1) to get;
~ orðstír, to get fame;
~ sér e-t, to get for oneself (góðs um œðis ef sér ~ mætti);
~ gott af e-m, to get good of one;
with dat. of the person, ~ váluðum vel, to be kind to the poor;
~ e-m illa, to do harm to one;
impers., getr e-t, there is (got);
eigi getr slíkan (there is none such) í konungs herbergjum;
2) with pp. of another verb, ~ veiddan fisk, to be able to catch fish;
ek get eigi fylgt yðr, I cannot follow you;
3) almost like an auxil. verb with infin.;
ek Gunnari gat at unna, I loved G.;
~ at lita, sjá (to get) to see;
without ‘at’, er slíkt getr fœða jóð, that shall rear such a child;
4) to learn (lengi man þat er ungr getr);
5) to beget, engender (fótr gat son við fœti);
~ börn, to beget children (said of both parents);
6) refl., ~st at e-u, to like;
því at mér gezt vel at þér, because I like thee well;
láta sér getit at e-u, to be pleased with;
eigi læt ek mér at einu getit, I am not pleased to have always the same, I want some change;
II. with gen.
1) to guess;
~ gatu, to guess a riddle; …
u, f. a guess, mostly in pl.; leiða getum um e-t, Nj. 14, 205; margar getur, guess-work, Fms. iv. 288, vi. 400, xi. 244, Eg. 766: rarely in sing., getu verðir eða frásagnar, worth mentioning, Sks. 180; ætla ek eigi þat til getu, at hann sé þar, it is not likely that he is there, Fms. ii. 110; vandast oss nú getan, Mork. 167: cp. the saying, spá er spaks geta, the spae (prophecy) is the wise man’s guess, Fms. xi. 154. getu-mál, n. a doubtful case, Fs. 59.
I)
(get; gat, gátum; getinn), v.
I. with acc.
1) to get;
~ orðstír, to get fame;
~ sér e-t, to get for oneself (góðs um œðis ef sér ~ mætti);
~ gott af e-m, to get good of one;
with dat. of the person, ~ váluðum vel, to be kind to the poor;
~ e-m illa, to do harm to one;
impers., getr e-t, there is (got);
eigi getr slíkan (there is none such) í konungs herbergjum;
2) with pp. of another verb, ~ veiddan fisk, to be able to catch fish;
ek get eigi fylgt yðr, I cannot follow you;
3) almost like an auxil. verb with infin.;
ek Gunnari gat at unna, I loved G.;
~ at lita, sjá (to get) to see;
without ‘at’, er slíkt getr fœða jóð, that shall rear such a child;
4) to learn (lengi man þat er ungr getr);
5) to beget, engender (fótr gat son við fœti);
~ börn, to beget children (said of both parents);
6) refl., ~st at e-u, to like;
því at mér gezt vel at þér, because I like thee well;
láta sér getit at e-u, to be pleased with;
eigi læt ek mér at einu getit, I am not pleased to have always the same, I want some change;
II. with gen.
1) to guess;
~ gatu, to guess a riddle; …
pret. gat, 2nd pers. gazt, pl. gátu; pres. get; pret. subj. gætí; sup. getið, but getað in the mod. sense of could; part. getinn; reflex. pres. and pret. getsk or gezk, gatsk or gazk, mod. gezst and gazst; with the neg. suff. gátu-ð, Korm. 224, Sighvat; gat-at, Lex. Poët.
WITH ACC.
A. [Ulf. begitan = ευρίσκειν; A. S. getan; Engl. get; O. H. G. gezan]:—to get; this use of the word, which is so common in Engl., is dying out in Icel.; it is found in the old poems, esp. in the old Hm.; it is used in law phrases, but is rare in common prose, even in the oldest Sagas; geta þögn, to get silence, a hearing, Höfuðl. 3, Hm. 8; geta orðstír, to get fame; en orðstír deyr aldrigi hveim sér góðan getr, 75; orðstír of gat, Eirekr at þat, Höfuðl.; ey getr kvikr kú, Hm. 69; sjaldan liggjandi úlfr lær um getr, né sofandi maðr sigr, 57; ef hann sylg um getr, 17; né þat máttu … geta hvergi, they could nowhere get it, Hým. 4; gambantein at geta, gambantein ek gat, Skm. 34; hvar gaztú vára aura, Vkv. 12; geta gjaforð, to marry, Alm. 6: geta sér, to get for oneself; hættr er heimis-kviðr nema sér góðan geti, Sdm. 25; …
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f. birth-giver, mother.
u, f. one who gives birth to, Mar. passim.
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n. seed, Stj. 80.
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(-limr), m. genitalia, Bs. i. 310, 644, Stj. 63, 80, 326, Fms. ix. 414.
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a, m. (-tíð, f.), the time of conception, K. Á. 18, Mar. 345.
(gen. -ar), m.
1) conception;
2) fœtus;
vera með getnaði, to be with a child;
3) liking.
m., gen. ar, conception, Mar. 33, K. Á. 104, passim: birth, foetus, vera með getnaði, Sks. 689, Stj. 159. Gen. xxv. 24.
COMPDS: getnaðarfrjó, getnaðarliðr, getnaðartími.
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f. = getnaðr, Str. 52.
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að, dep. to play at guessing with small shells in the hands, a favourite Icel. child’s play.
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u, f. = genta, a girl; Geirhildr getta, gott er öl þetta, Fas. ii. (in a verse); norræn getta, Egilsson’s Poems, 115 (and, ‘getta er sama og genta’).
m. guessimg.
m. guessing, Fb. iii. 385.
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u, f. guess-work.
f. pl. imputations (without evidence); sœkja ~, to prosecute one upon loose imputations.
(proncd. gessakir), f. pl. ‘guess-charges,’ i. e. imputations, insinuations without evidence, in the phrases, fyrir getsakir, Fms. vi. 383; sækja getsakir, to prosecute one upon loose imputations, Gísl. 123: the mod. phrase, gera e-m getsakir, to make insinuations; gerðu mér engar getsakir, make no insinuations to me.
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adj. wise at guessing, prophetic.
f. gift of prophecy.
f. ‘guess-wisdom,’ gift of prophecy, Rb. 394, Pr. 83.
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n. barking, elsewhere gauð, (mod.)
(gey, gó), v.
1) to bark (at e-m);
2) to scoff at (vil ek eigi goð ~);
~ á e-n, to abuse.
pret. gó, Orkn. 114, 150, Nj. 74, Rd. 302, Fas. ii. 33; 3rd pers. pl. gó, Fms. xi. 12; pret. subj. gœi, 10; pres. indic. geyr (spelt gœr), Clem. 44: [Dan. gjö; Swed. gö]:—to bark; er vér heyrðum hvelpana g., Fms. xi. 12, passim (above):—metaph. to scoff at, blaspheme, with acc., vil ek eigi goð geyja, Bs. i. 17: in a ditty of the year 999 A. D., hann gœr Gefjon (acc.), Clem. l. c.; g. gest, Hm. 136; also, g. á e-n, to abuse one (á-gauð); geyr hón á þá, Gísl. 139: geyja at e-m, to bark at one, Nj. 106: reflex. recipr. geyjask, to abuse one another, N. G. L. i. 333. This word is now obsolete in Icel. and replaced by gelta, q. v.
(-da, -dr), v.
1) to heed, mind, watch (geym þess, at enginn komist í braut); hann hafði geymt hlutverka sinna, he had minded his work; g. sin, to take care of oneself; g at e-u, til e-s = g. e-s;
2) to watch, keep, with acc. (g. bœinn, heilræðit).
d, [Ulf. gaumjan = οραν, βλέπειν, etc.; A. S. gyman; lost in Germ., but gaume = to keep house, in the Zürich idiom, De Herr Professer by August Corrodi; Dan. gjemme; Swed. gömma]:—to keep, watch, heed, mind; and with gen. to take care of; at allir geymi þín sem bezt, Nj. 14; ok g. eigna várra, Fms. i. 156; hann hafði geymt hlutverka (not hlut verks) sinna, he had minded his work, Gísl. 29; g. tungu sinnar, to keep a guard on one’s tongue, Th. 78; göra hark, svá at lögréttu-menn mega eigi g. dóma sinna, to make a noise (in court) so that the judges cannot mind their duty, Gþl. 16; g. þess (to watch) at enginn komizt í braut, Nj. 198, Fms. vi. 390; g. at e-u, id.; nú geymir Björn eigi, B. heeded not, iv. 110; geyma til, id.; geymit þér til vel (mark well) ef þér verðit við nokkura nýbreytni varir, i. 71.
β. with dat., g. sauðum, to watch sheep, Stj. 177; þú skalt g. mínum skilmála, 115, and geymir þeim síðan, 81, 99.
γ. absol., Fms. i. 126; hann geymdi eigi hvat tré þat var, Grett. 151 A, Stj. 365, 486.
δ. with acc. …
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m. keeper.
a, m. a keeper, Fms. iii. 158, Stj. 9.
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f., only in pl., gefa geymdir at e-u (= gefa gaum at e-u), Lv. 44, Hom. 160, Sks. 564 B; hafit g. á hvar þessi hinn vándi maðr er, Stj. (MS.)
adv. = gætiliga.
adv. heedfully, Grett. 150, Stj. 150.
a. heedful (g. e-s, at e-u).
adj. heedful, Bs. i. 48, Fms. v. 240.
f. keeping, care.
u, f. guardianship, watch, Stj. 8, 177, Fms. vii. 25, Sd. 160, Grett. 112 (vigilance); fjár-g., sheep-keeping.
COMPDS: geymsluengill, geymslulauss, geymsluleysi, geymslumaðr.
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m. a guardian angel, Stj. 8.
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adj. unguarded, Fas. ii. 138, Karl. 161.
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n. carelessness.
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m. a keeper, Stj. 42.
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að, [gaupn], to encompass, Geisli 16, Us. 29, Lb. 25.
(-ta, -tr), v. to send out with violence (hann lætr g. eld ok járn); usually refl. to dash or rush furiously (þá geysist hafit á löndin; múgrinn geystist inn á skipin).
t, [from gjósa, q. v., and different to geisa]:—to rush furiously, gush, = Lat. grassari, of fire, the sea, etc.; hann lætr g. eld ok járn, Fms. xi. 42:—usually dep., geysask vötn at þeim með forsfalli, Ó. H. 164; þá geysisk hafit á löndin, Edda 41; geystisk at því allr lands-múgr, Ó. H. 34; múgrinn flotans geystisk inn á stórskipin, Fms. viii. 227: part. geystr, gushing, rushing forth, Nj. 247, Fms. vii. 326, Fb. i. 253: metaph. enraged, Fms. vii. 230, viii. 202, Hkr. ii. 356: big, enormous, Fms. vii. 99:—neut. geyst, as adv. furiously, violently, i. 165, Finnb. 352.
adv. enormously.
adv. enormously, Fas. i. 64.
a. enormous.
adj. enormous, Fas. ii. 243, Mar. 166, 423.
m. impetuosity.
m. impetuosity, Finnb. 354, Fas. i. 157, Ísl. 11. 347, Fms. xi. 81.
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m. the name of a famous hot spring in Iceland. Foreign writers often use geysir as an appellative; but the only Icel. words for hot springs are hver (a cauldron, hot well) and laug (a hot bath). The present Geysir is never mentioned in old writers, and it seems from a record in the Icel. Annals that the great hot wells in the neighbourhood of Haukadale were due to the volcanic eruptions of 1294, when old hot springs disappeared and those now existing came up,—hjá Haukadal kómu upp hverir stórir en sumir hurfu þeir er áðr höfðu verit; unfortunately the end of Árna S. (the bishop), the sole historical work of that time, is lost. The word geysir = a gusher must be old, as the inflexive -ir is hardly used but in obsolete words (læknir a leach, hellir a cave, etc., are exceptional); it was probably borrowed from some older hot spring. A pretty legend, referring to the ‘moving’ of springs when defiled with innocent blood, is recorded in Ísl. Þjóðs. ii. 112, 113; this tale could not have sprung up unless a change in the place of the hot springs had been observed.
very, exceedingly; g. mikill, very great; g. margir, very many, g. illa, very badly.
a prefix, exceedingly, greatly; geysi-újafnt, Edda 11; geysi-glaðr, exceeding glad, Stj. 478; geysi-mörg, very many, Edda 14; þat er þeim geysi-haglig geit, what a wonderful goat, 24; geysi-illa, very badly, Fms. ii. 295; g. kalli, piercing cold, viii. 306; g. feginn, uncommonly glad, Barl. 85; g. mjök, very much, Fb. i. 210; g. mikill, very muckle, 481; g. fagr, wonderfully fair, Olf. 3. 41, and many others:—with nouns, geysi-fól, a big fool, Flov.
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f. gluttony, Róm. 306, (an απ. λεγ.)
(or -ki after t or s), a suffix used esp. with negative, but also with positive and indefinite force.
(or -ki after t or s), a particle suffixed to nouns and adverbs.
A. In a positive sense [Lat. -que], ever, Lat. -que, -cunque:
1. with the pronoun hverr (quis) through all cases, answering to the Lat. quis-que: out of the Laws we can nearly make a full paradigm:—nom. hverr-gi or hver-gi, Lat. quis-que, qui-cunque, Grág. Kb. i. 14, 31, 45, 85, 171 (twice), 183, 195, 221, ii. 7, 23, 82, 101: nom. and acc. neut. hvat-ki (quod-que). i. 34, 155, 162, 183, 244, ii. 77, 140, 154, Jómsv. 15, Íb. 3; also hvárt-ki, id., Grág. Kb. i. 61 (twice): gen. hvers-kis (cujus-que), 238: dat. hverjun-gi (cui-que), 31, 156: acc. masc. hvern-gi (quem-que), 147, 155, 221, 225, 245, ii. 47, 66: abl. hve-gi or hví-gi, however, i. 147, 195, ii. 64, 101, 128, 151, Jómsv. 14:—plur. acc. neut. hver-gi (quae-que): dual dat. sing. hvárun-gi megin, on both sides (of a river), Grág. Kb. ii. 93:—even in historical prose, því at hit næsta sumar gat hvergi ber á Íslandi, the following summer every man gathered berries in Iceland (to make some kind of wine), Bs. …
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gifta, u, f. gift, vide gipt, gipta.
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m., pl. ir, [Dan. gjæk = jester], a pert, rude person.
COMPDS: gikksháttr, gikksligr.
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m. pert manner.
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adj. pert, rude; the saying, hver sem glettist við gikkinn fær af honum hnykkinn, who meddles with a ‘gik’ will get a kick.
(gen. pl. gilja), n. ravine, gully.
n., gen. pl. gilja, dat. giljum, [Ghyll or Gill in North. E. and Scot., local names]:—a deep narrow glen with a stream at bottom, like the Gr. χαράδρα; brooks and tributary streams flowing through clefts in the fell side to the main river at the bottom of a vale are in Icel. called gil; very freq. in local names, Ísfirðinga-gil, Branda-gil, Hauka-gil, Hrafna-gil, Hellra-gil, Gilj-á, Þver-gil, vide Landn.; (a chasm without water or with stagnant water is not gil, but gjá; also gljúfr, a deep chasm forming the bed of a river), Valla L. 223, Hrafn. 7, Eg. 766, Ld. 218, Krók. 64, Fms. vii. 149, passim.
COMPDS: Gilsbakki, Gilsbekkingar, gilsbotn, gilsgjá, gilsþröm.
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t, to be worth so and so, only in mod. usage, esp. in metaph. and impers. phrases, mig gildir einu, I do not mind; láttu þig einu g., never mind: hvað sem gildir, at any price; hirt aldrei hvað sem gildir, at hætta á, ósatt mál, Pass. 13. 2.
n.
1) payment, tribute (rare);
2) recompense, return; æ sér til ~s gjöf (see gjald 4);
3) repute, esteem (þegar þér komist í g. við höfðingja);
4) feast banquet (þá gengu Æsir at g. sínu);
5) guild, brotherhood.
n. [gjalda; Ulf. gild = tribute, Luke xx. 22, Mark xii. 14; A. S. gild; Hel. geld; Frank. chalta; Germ. geld = money; it remains in Old Engl. weregild]:—payment, tribute; this sense is very rare, as gjald (q. v.) is the common word; chiefly used in compds, as nef-gildi, head-tax; baug-gildi, q. v.; skatt-gildi, a tax; skulda-gildi, payment of debts, Grág. i. 302.
2. recompense; in the saying, æ sér til gildis gjöf (mod. æ sér gjöf til gjalda), Hom. 146.
3. value; al-gildi, full-g., hálf-g., whole, full, half value; ið-gilði or í-gildi, equivalence; hon er karlmanns-ígildi.
β. worth, value, esteem; the phrase, vera í miklu, litlu, engu gildi, to be in great, small, no repute; án Drottins ráða er aðstoð manns í engu minsta gildi, Pass. 9. 2: freq. in mod. usage, but rare in old writers, þegar ér komizt í gildi við höfðingja eðr kærleika, Finnb. 266.
II. a banquet, feast, [cp. Dan. gilde; so called from the fee paid?], Eg. 20 sqq., Edda 45, 57, Fb. i. 283, Gþl. 178, freq. in old poems; …
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m. a thing rated at its full worth, fully measured, Grág. ii. 357, 380: pride, pretension, án gildings, 655 xxvii. 2.
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m., in poetry a payer, contributor, Lex. Poët.: a feaster, poët. the wolf that feasts in blood: a guild-brother, öld Ólafs gilda (gen. pl.), the host of St. Olave’s guild-brothers, Geisli 10; Hropts gildar, the champions of Odin, Hd.
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að, to become stout.
(gild, gilt), a.
1) valued at (~ tveim mörkum);
2) of full value; worth, great (~ konungr, höfðingi);
með gildum sóma, with great fame;
Hallfreðr var þá sem gildastr, H. was then at his best.
adj., neut. gilt, [cp. gildi, gjalda; Swed., Dan., and Norse gild]:—of full worth, full:
1. a trade term, of full measure, size, quality, and the like; gillt fé, Grág. i. 503; gildr skal tréskjöldr, ef, Gþl. 105, cp. 104; bolöxar gildar, N. G. L. i. 126; þeim manni er bæði hefir gildar (full-measured) álnar ok faðma, Grág. ii. 262; gild dagleið, Bs. ii.
2. valued at, with dat., gildr tveim mörkum, Grág. ii. 86; g. átta aurum, id.; svá gildr, id.; hversu þau sár eru gild, at how much those wounds are rated, N. G. L. i. 172; tví-gildr, hálf-g., al-g., of double, half, full worth.
II. metaph. complete, absolute, great; g. konungr, Fms. ix. 69; g. höfðingi, xi. 18; gild húsfreyja, Glúm. 349; gildr maðr, Eg. 182; flestir enir gildari menn (honoratiores), Ld. 106; Hallfreyðr var þá sem gildastr, H. was then at his best, Fs. 100; á gildasta aldri, id., Stj. 230: so of things, honum var þat gildr þykkr, a great shock, Ísl. ii. 321; með gildum sóma, with great fame, Fms. xi. 18; gild hefnd, Ísl. ii. 116; gild ferð, a famous journey, Fas. ii. 513.
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I)
f. trap.
II)
(að), v. to trap, set a trap.
að, to trap, Gþl. 444: metaph. to contrive, g. til e-s, ef maðr gildrar til þess at vápn skuli sjálf falla á menn, Grág. ii. 117, Fms. ii. 294, vii. 202; g. til veiða, viii. 63, 80; g. svá til, at…, to contrive so, that…, Stj. 451, Þiðr. 242, Róm. 257.
I)
f. trap.
II)
(að), v. to trap, set a trap.
u, f. a trap, Gþl. 445. Niðrst. 3; sem melrakki í gildru, 4; vide knatt-gildra: gildru-merki, n. a trap mark, Gþl. 444: metaph., Fms. i. 221, ii. 48, vi. 145, Mar. 506.
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1. n. the laying a trap, N. G. L. i. 341, 379.
2. n. = gildi, [Ulf. gilstr, Róm. xiii. 6; O. H. G. gelstar], payment, Grág. Kb. ii. 204.
m. perfectness.
a, m. strength, full size, Grett. 148: mod. stoutness.
adv. properly.
adv. stoutly, metaph. with a grand air, Korm. 60.
(áð), v. to beguile (a woman).
að, [Ulf. gailjan = ευφραίνειν; Swed. gilja], to beguile a woman, Grett. 161, Krók. 64 (a pun), Bs. i. 238.
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a, m. [Gael. gillie = a servant], only in Irish pr. names, Fms., Landn.
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a, in., prop. Gill-bank, a local name, Landn., whence
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m. pl. the name of a family, Landn.
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m. a gill bottom, Sturl. i. 82, 84.
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f. a chasm with a gill (rare), Grett. 111.
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f. the edge of a gill, Ld. 218, Dropl. 23, Grett. 111.
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m. a libertine, Blanda.
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n. [in A. S. gim is masc., and so it seems to be used in Vkv. 5; A. S. gim from Lat. gemma]:—in poetry a gem, a jewel; the sun is called fagr-gim, the fair gem; gims gerðr, a lady, Lex. Poët.
2. in poets metaph. fire, Edda (Gl.): never used in prose.
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a heavenly abode, sal sá hón standa sólu fegra gulli þakðan á Gimli, Vsp. 63; it occurs only there, whence it came into Edda 12; even the gender is uncertain, whether n. or perhaps better dat. of a masc. gimill = himill = himin, n. heaven.
m. gem, jewel.
m. a ‘gem-stone,’ a jewel, Edda 147, Greg. 27, Fms. i. 15, vi. 3, Stj. 191, 254; a name of a poem: gim-steinaðr, part. set with gems, Karl. 284.
n. mouth (of a beast).
n. [A. S. gin], the mouth (Germ. rachen) of beasts, Edda 42, Al. 37, Fms. vi. 165; ulfs-gin, Bs. i. (in a verse), passim.
COMPDS: ginfaxi, ginfjara, ginkefli, ginkeyptr, ginklofi, ginljótr.
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n. ginger-bread, H. E. ii. 91.
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ginnr, or ginnir, m. a juggler, jester, Fms. vi. 295, viii. 307 (in a verse).
II. a magical character, Ísl. Þjóðs. i. 446.
(-ta, -tr), v.
1) to dupe, fool one; g. e-n at sér, to fall out with one;
2) to decoy, entice (g. e-n til e-s, heiman af bœnum).
t, to dupe, fool one, Nj. 225, 263, Band. 5, 27, 69, Fms. vi. 205, Edda 36; g. e-t af e-m, Fms. iii. 98; g. e-n at sér, to fall out with one, Vápn. 7:—to intoxicate, lát af at drekka vín, svá at þú gerir þik ginnta, Stj. 428; ferr þessi maðr í tavernis hús, ok ferr eigi fyrr burt en hann er ginntr, Mar.; drykkja var þar óstjórnleg, svá at þeir urðu allir ginntir, Bárð. 26 new Ed.: intoxicating, of liquor, hennar vatn er svá ginnt ok galit, Stj. 84.
(pl. -ar), f. deception, befooling (Gylfa-~).
f. imposture, fraud, Fms. vi. 205, Ld. 322, Stj. 267: ginningar-fífl, m. a fool, one who runs a fool’s errand, Nj. 160; Gylfa-ginning, the Fooling of Gylfi, a part of the Edda, vide Edda Ub. the beginning.
m. juggler, lister.
m. a juggler, jester, Fs. 87, Edda (Gl.)
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or perhaps better gínn-, [cp. A. S. gin or ginn = vast, wide; it seems however better to derive it from the verb beginnan, Engl. begin, a word used in all Teutonic languages, except the old Scandinavian tongue, where it is unknown, unless in this mythological prefix]:—only used as a prefix:
I. in old mythol. words, great, holy: ginn-heilög (adj. pl.) goð, the most holy gods, the supreme gods, as opposed to Asir and Vanir, the lower gods, Vsp. passim: ginn-regin, n. pl. ‘magna numina,’ Hm. 143, Haustl. 13, in the same sense as ginnheilög goð in Vsp.; in Hým. 4 opp. to tívar (dii); in Alm. goð and ginnregin are distinguished, cp. also Hm. 79: ginnungar, m. pl., seems used in the same sense as ginnregin, whence Ginnunga-gap, n. chaos, the formless void, in which abode the supreme powers, before the creation, Edda, Vsp.: later, in the 11th century, the sea between Greenland and America was called Ginnunga-gap, A. A. 295: Ginnunga-himin, m. of the heavenly vault of Ginnunga-gap, Edda 5: Ginnunga-vé, n. pl. …
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a, m. a magical character, Ísl. Þjóðs. i. 446.
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u, f. a very low ebb.
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a, m. a kind of oats, Edda (Gl.)
n. gag.
a, m. a mouth-piece, a gag, put in the mouth of animals, Fas. iii. 314.
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adj., in the phrase, vera ginkeyptr eptir e-u, to be eager for a thing, prop. open-mouthed as a fish for bait.
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a, m., medic. spasmus cynicus, Fél.
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adj. with a hideous mouth.
f.
1) gift (jarðligar giptir);
2) good luck (= gipta).
gift, f. [gefa], a gift, 656 C. 12, Greg. 37, Hom. 62; Heilags Anda gipt, 625. 30, 655 A. 13. 3: a gift of nature, endowment, Fms. x. 314, Eluc. 27, Edda 144 (pref.): income, N. G. L. i. 345, 347: a wedding, A. S. gifta, giptar-gáfa, u, f. a wedding gift, D. N.: giptar-jörð, f. a dowry farm, N. G. L. i. 356: giptar-kveld, n. a wedding eve, cp. brúðgjöf and bekkiargjöf, N. G. L. i. 356: giptar-mál, n. [Dan. givtermaal], a marriage, D. N.: giptar-orð, n. marriage, El. 10: giptar-vitni, n. a wedding witness, N. G. L. i. 356.
I)
f. good luck.
II)
(-pta, -ptr), v. to give away in marriage (g. e-m e-a);
refl. ~st, to marry.
1. u, f. [A. S. gifeðe = fatum, Beowulf], good luck, Ld. 104, Nj. 17, Fms. vi. 299, Fs. 27, 97, Stj. 198, passim; cp. auðna, hamingja.
COMPDS: giptudrjúgr, giptufátt, giptuliga, giptuligr, giptumaðr, giptumunr, gipturáð, giptusamliga, giptusamligr, giptuskortr, giptutómr, giptuvænligr.
II. marriage (rare); giptu-mál, n. a marriage, Landn. 110 (v. l. in the MS. Melabók).
2. t, to give a woman in marriage; fyrr skulu grónir grautardílarnir á hálsi þér, en ek muna gipta þér systur mína, Eb. 210; gipti Höskuldr Gró systur sina, Ld. 24, Nj. 17, Eg. 5, Rm. 20, 37, passim.
II. reflex, to marry, of both man and wife; in old writers the man ‘kvángask,’ i. e. takes a wife, the woman is ‘gipt,’ i. e. given away, Fms. ix. 269, Ld. 128 passim; in the course of time the primitive sense of the word was lost, and it came to mean to marry: the saying, það grær áðr en þú giptist, i. e. never mind, it will be healed before thou marriest, addressed to a boy or girl about to cry for a slight hurt.
f. marriage (of a woman).
f. marriage, in old writers only of a woman, Js. 63, Fms. ix. 269.
COMPDS: giptingardagr, giptingarmaðr, giptingarorð, giptingarveð, giptingarvitni.
II. in mod. usage marriage, applying both to man and wife, passim, and in many compds.
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m. a wedding day, Gþl. 221.
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m. one who gives away (parent, warder), Gþl. 212, 215, 229.
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n. = gjaforð, marriage, Fms. x. 87.
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n. wedding-security, i. e. for the dowry, N. G. L. ii. 304.
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n. a wedding witness, N. G. L. ii. 305.
a. lucky.
adj. lucky, Fs. 142.
a. n. luckless (e-m verðr giptu-fátt).
n. adj. luckless, Fær. 154.
adv. luckily.
adv. happily, boding good luck, Fms. iii. 174, Fas. ii. 429.
a. lucky, auspicious.
adj. lucky, auspicious, Fms. vi. 9.
m. lucky man.
m. a lucky man, Grett. 163, Fms. vi. 274, Fs. 43, 80.
m. difference in good luck.
m. the turn of the scale, the crisis of one’s luck, Fas. iii. 312.
n. good, auspicious match.
n. a good, auspicious match, Vigl. 23.
adv. auspiciously.
adv. auspiciously, Fms. i. 214, Sturl. ii. 78.
a. = giptuligr.
adj. = giptuligr, Fms. x. 31.
m. want of luck, bad luck.
m. bad luck, Fær. 265.
a. luckless.
adj. luckless, Al. 95.
a. promissing good luck, auspicious.
adj. promising good luck, auspicious, of a man, Njarð. 344, Fs. 10.
(-ða, -ðr), v. to fence, = gerða.
ð, mod. t, older form gerða, [Ulf. gairdan = περιζώννυμι]:— to fence, Fms. x. 211, Grett. 168, Grág. ii. 263; cp. gyrða, which means to tie up, gird.
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n. materials for fencing, Jb. 100: wood for making hoops.
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f. fencing, Fms. x. 212: mod. fences.
m. pl. the Greeks.
m. pl. the Greeks; Girkland, n. Greece, mod. Grikkir, Grikkland.
(-di, -t), v. impers., mik girnir, I desire;
refl., ~st e-t, á e-t, til e-s, to desire something.
d, [Ulf. gairnjan = ἐπιποθειν; A. S. girnan; Engl. to yearn], to desire, in act. used impers., e-n (acc.) girnir til e-s, 655 xxxviii. 11; cp. fýsa.
II. reflex. girnask, to desire (personally), Stj. passim, Sks. 105, 623. 21. Fs. 4: absol., Fms. i. 262, Sks, 152, Band. 3, Bs. 1. 691, v. l.
(pl. -ir), f. desire; lust.
f. desire, lust, Fms. ii. 238, x. 373, passim.
COMPDS: girndaraugu, girndarbruni, girndargrafar, girndarhugr, girndarráð.
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n. pl. eyes of lust, 623. 23, Stj. 54, 125.
m. fire of lust, ardent lust.
-eldr, -logi, a, m. the burning (fire, flame) of lust, i. e. ardent lust, Greg. 60, Vígl. 22.
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f. pl., Stj. 324, rendering of ‘Kibroth-hattaavah,’ Numb, xi. 34.
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m. amour, Stj. 7.
n. (foolish) love match.
n. a (foolish) love match, Ld. 128, Fms. iv. 194; veit ek at báðum er þetta girndarráð, ye are both mad with love, Nj. 49; vide fýsn.
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f. = girnd, [Ulf. gairnei], yearning, desire, esp. in compds, metorða-g., drottnunar-g., ambition; fé-g., avarice; heipt-g., spite; á-girni, q. v.; sín-g., selfishness; eigin-g., id.
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adv. desirably, Th. 75.
a. desirable, pleasant.
adj. desirable, to be coveted, Sks. 499; girnilegt til fróðleiks, Gen. iii. 6, passim, Fms. v. 259 (pleasant, engaging).
a.
1) Greek;
2) = gerzkr.
adj. Greek, Skálda 160, Greg. 75, K. Þ. K. 74, Fms. vi. passim; mod. Grískr: Girska, u, f. the Greek language, Stj. 70, Fms. vii. 96, Skálda 160 passim.
II. = Gerzkr, i. e. from Garðar, Russian, passim.
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part. [Swed. gisten; Scot. and North. E. geizened], leaky, of tubs, wooden vessels, freq. in mod. usage.
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að, [Swed. gistna], to become leaky (gisinn).
(-sta, -st), v. to pass the night (g. at e-s, at or á e-m stað); g. e-n, to spend a night with one.
t, [gestr], to pass the night; g. at e-s (etc.), Eb. 222, Nj. 15, 74, Ld. 130, Al. 40, Fs. 138: with acc. of the host, g. e-n, to spend a night with one, N. G. L. i. 51, 623. 14.
f. night-lodgings, accommodation for the night (beiðast ~ar; þiggja ~).
f. a passing the night as a guest at a place, or the place in which one stays, night quarters, Eg. 37, Nj. 258, Ld. 46, F. b. 266, Sturl. i. 74, Grág. i. 91, Ísl. ii. 10, Grett. 149 new Ed., Fbr. 14, Lv. 92, passim.
COMPDS: gistingarból, gistingarstaðr.
n. night-quarters.
n. = gistingarstaðr, Fbr. 55 new Ed.
m. night-quarters.
m. night quarters, Ísl. ii. 23, 25, 343, Bs. i. 140, Fms. viii. 66, passim.
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part. with teeth far apart, not closed.
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að, to guess; g. á e-ð, to guess at a thing; á-gizkan, a guess.
m. a kind of kerchief (?).
a, m. a kind of kerchief (of goal-skin?); hón horfði upp í fjallit ok veifði gizka eðr dúki, Fs. 59; síðan veifði hann gizka til fjalls ok tók þá af veðrit, 78:—mod. a scarecrow.
II. an island in Norway, Fms.
I)
n. witch, hag.
II)
a. poet. bloodthirsty, savage.
n. pl. [A. S. gîfre = rapacious, used as an epithet of the devil, wildfire, etc., and as noun, a glutton, vide Grein]:—witches, fiends, = Germ. unhold, Vsp. 52, Hkv. Hjörv. 15; freq. in poetry, al-gífri, pandemonium, Bragi; gífrs grand, ‘witch-bane’ = the god Thor, Eb. (in a verse); wolves are gífrs hestar, ‘witch-horses,’ Jd., and hræ-gífr, carrion beasts, Gkv. 2. 29, Lex. Poët.: the simple word is never used in prose, but in compds; it however remains in prose in the following adv.
adv. savagely (láta ~).
adv. savagely; láta gífrliga, Sturl. ii. 238, Fas. ii. 424 (of a dog): mod. exorbitantly.
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adj., prop. savage: mod. immoderate, exorbitant.
f. fiddle.
að, to fiddle (Germ. geigen), Str. 82.
f. fiddle.
u, f. [Germ. geige; mid. H. G. gîge; old Fr. gigue; and to jig in Scot. means to play the fiddle, while in Engl. a jig is a lively dance]:—a fiddle, Stj. 181, Hkr. ii. 136, cp. Yngl. S. ch. 25, Fms. vii. 97 (in a verse); this instrument was known at an early age, as a lawyer in Icel. in the first part of the 10th century was called gígja, prob. because of his eloquent pleading or his clear voice, Nj., Landn.
m. fiddler.
a, m. a fiddler, Hkr. i. 30.
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u, f. a vast opening, Fb. i. 210; in mod. usage also gímald, n. id.
(gin; gein, ginum; ginit), v. to gape, yawn (gínandi ú fr); g. yfir e-t, to take into one’s mouth; g. við agni, to gape in order to take the bait.
pret. gein, pl. ginu; pres. gín (Edda 101); sup. ginit; in old poems a weak pret. gínði also occurs, Arnór, Orkn. 90; pl. gíndu, Geisli 29, Fms. iii. 4 (in a verse); [A. S. gînan; Engl. to yawn; Germ. gähnen; Gr. χαίνω]:—to gape, yawn, esp. of wild beasts; gínandi úlfr, Hm. 84; hann brá líndúk um hödduna ok gein yfir, Fms. i. 36: of wounds, en er gína tóku sár hans, Bjarn. 10; gína við agni, to snap at the bait, Hým. 22; gína við flugu, to snap at a fly; þóttisk Sigmundr nú yfir flugu ginit hafa, Ísl. ii. 25; Miðgorðs-ormr gein yfir oxa-höfuðit, Edda 36; vide fluga.
(pl. -ar), m.
1) hostage;
2) bailiff (g. keisarans); warder.
m. [A. S. gîsel; lost in Engl.; Germ. geissel; Swed. gislan; Dan. gidsel; to be distinguished from geisl; mod. Germ. and Dan. confound the two forms, one of which has ei and the other î as root vowel; mid. H. G. retained a distinction]:—a hostage, Ls. 39, Fms. v. 171, ix. 359, passim.
II. a king’s officer, a bailiff; gísl keisarans, Fms. i. 151, cp. Bs. i. 9, i. e. of the German emperor:—a warder, watchman, þeir höfðu sett til gísla at gæta hans (of a prisoner), Fms. viii. 23; konungr lagði fe til höfuðs honum ok setti hvervetna fyrir hann gísla (viz. to catch him) hvar sem hann kynni fram at koma, vi. 16:—this sense is very rare, and in Icel. never occurs except in metaph. phrases.
III. a pr. name, Gísl and Gísli; in many compds, Þor-gísl, Spá-gísl, Auð-gísl, Her-gísl, but usually by metathesis -gils, e. g. Þor-gils, etc.
(að), v.
1) to give as hostage;
2) to take as hostage.
að, to give as hostage, Edda 15, Fms. ix. 447, N. G. L. i. 103; menn höfðu gíslat Knúti konungi sonu sína, Hkr. ii. 385; hann hafði verit gíslaðr (taken as hostage) af Skota-konungi, Orkn. 418 old Ed.; gilstir = gíslaðir, N. G. L. i. 103; gísla sér land, to take possession of the land as a hostage, Fagrsk. 158.
f. pl.
1) sureties, securities;
2) securily, guard (setja g. fyrir).
f. pl. sureties, securities; hann tók gíslar af honum ok bóndum, Eg. 589; hann tók gíslir (v. 1. gíslar, gísla) af bóndum, Fms. ix. 313, 409, passim; gísla (the persons) and gíslar (the things) are often used indiscriminately.
II. metaph. security, guard, in the phrase, setja gíslar fyrir, to guard, secure (vide gísl II); Hjalti bað hann gæta sín, ok setja þær gíslar fyrir sem honum þætti vænst at þeim mundi duga, Sturl. iii. 7; þá var svá gíslum skipat fyrir at á Heiðmörk vóru áttján skip í Mjörs, Fms. viii. 45.
f.
1) hostage (taka e-n í g.);
2) pl. guard (setja ~ar fyrir e-n).
f. hostage, Gþl. 81, Fms. ii. 43, vi. 240, ix. 447, passim: guard, setja gíslingar fyrir = to guard (vide gíslar); setti Þórir þá gíslingar fyrir Gretti (an outlaw) hvar hann kæmi fram, Grett. 139 C: in the old Swed. law gislunga-lagh = the section of law respecting bail and mainprise, Verel.
m. giver.
a, m. a giver, K. Á. 76.
from gjöf, gift.
vide gjöf.
adv. (disinissed) without gifts.
n. adj. dismissed without gifts, Nj. 167, Fms. vii. 106, Sturl. iii. 268.
n. lack of gifts.
n. scanty gifts, Fms. v. 188.
n. exchange of gifts.
and gjafa-víxl, n. exchange of gifts, Gísl. 13, 96, Bs. i. 82:—in a technical sense, brúð-gjöf (q. v.), bekkjar-gjöf (q. v.), morgun-gjöf, a bride-gift, bench-gift, morning-gift, cp. N. G. L. i. 27, 29, 51, passim: til-gjöf, a dowry,—all referring to a wedding: með-gjöf—fúlga, q. v.; á-gjöf, q. v.; milli-gjöf, discount; líf-gjöf, pardon; ofaní-gjöf, rebuke: Icel. also give the name to foddering, setja á gjöf, hence gjafar-mál, n. foddering hour, Gþl. 442.
f. bequest.
f. a bequest, Fms. vii. 124, N. G. L. i. 50.
a. to be had for a trifle.
adj. to be had for a trifle, Fms. vii. 124.
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m. a fat bog, Gþl. 396.
adv. without gift.
n. adj. ‘gift-less,’ without gift, Sturl. ii. 145, Fms. vii. 106.
m. pl. feudatories.
m. pl. feudatories, Fms. viii. 244.
n. open-handedness.
n. open-handedness, Fms. v. 188.
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f. liberality, Thom. 6 (Ed.)
a. open-handed.
adj. open-handed, Karl. 170.
n. match (of a woman to be married).
n. a match, of a woman to be married, Fr. parlie, Eg. 36, 598, Nj. 38, Fms. i. 298, Lv. 38, Aim. 6, passim.
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n., poet, a throne, Lex. Poët., cp. A. S. gifstol.
a. marriageable (of a maid).
adj. (a maid) grown up, of marriageable age to be given away, Grett. 118.
m. open-handed friend.
m. an open-handed friend, benefactor, Fbr. 204, Sturl. i. 89.
n.
1) tribute (hann lagði g. á borgina);
2) payment; þá héldu bœndr galdinu, they kept back the payment;
3) retribution, esp. pl.; ella mun þér g. at verða, thou shalt pay dear for it;
4) reward, return, compensation; æ sér gjöf til ~a, gift looks for gift.
n. [vide gildi]:
I. sing. tribute, payment; því er gjöf gjaldi betri, at …, N. G. L. i. 54; gjald þat er Finnar skyldu reiða, Eg. 67; seint gengr gjaldit, Fms. iv. 329; þá héldu bændr gjaldinu, they kept back the payment, vii. 302; beiddi nokkurra fresta um gjaldit, viii. 174; hann lagði gjald á borgina, Ó. H. 22.
II. usually in pl.; hann tók stór gjöld af sumum, Fms. i. 28; til gjalda ok til útgöngu, payment, Grág. i. 184; lýsti hann til gjalda ok útgreizlu, Nj. 15; stefna til tveðra gjalda, double payment, i. e. double the value, Grág. ii. 188; gjalda einum gjöldum, the actual value, 132; fullum gjöldum, Ó. H. 86: a fine, maðr á at taka gjöld um konu, Grág. i. 278; mann-gjöld, weregild.
2. metaph. retribution; Drottinn sýndi hver gjöld koma munu fyrir ofstopa, 655 xxi. 3: rarely in sing., ella mun þér gjald at verða, thou shalt pay dear for it, Nj. 126:—freq. in eccl. use, synda-gjöld, illverka-gjöld, Pass. 32. 11: so in the phrase, góðra gjalda vert, ef …, i. e. one must even be thankful, if not …; ok góðra gjalda vert ef ekki eru drepnir sumir, Sturl. iii. …
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(geld; galt, guldum; goldinn), v.
1) to repay, return; g. gjöf við gjöf, to pay back gift for gift; g. aptr, to restore, pay back;
2) fig. to give, yield; g. skynsemi við e-u, to give reason for; g. samkvæði at e-u, to consent to; g. varúð, varhuga við e-u, to be on one’s guard against; g. e-m fjándskap, to show ill-will towards one;
3) with gen. to pay for, suffer on account of (þar munuð þit min g.); g. e-s at = g. e-s; geldr at nýbreytni (gen.) konungs, it is a punishment for the king’s innovations.
pret. galt, 2nd pers. galt, mod. galzt; pl. guldu; pres, geld: pret. subj. gyldi; imperat. gjalt or gjald þú; sup. pret. goldit, goldinn; with neg. suff. gjald-attu; [Ulf. us-gildan = ἀποδιδόναι; A. S. gyldan; Engl. yield; O. H. G. geltan; old Fr. ielda; Germ. gelten; Dan. gjelde; Swed. gälla]:—to pay money, pay a fee, duty, or the like, the person in dat., the money in acc., Grág. i. 87, 408, passim, Fær. 120, Fms. iv. 346, xi. 81, Nj. 58, K. Þ. K. 162, passim:—to yield, repay, return, g. gjöf við gjöf, Hm. 42; gjaldið engum íllt móti íllu, Róm. xii. 17; sakir þær er ek á at g. Ólafi, Ó. H. 213; sögðu, at þeim var sín óhamingja miklu íllu goldin, 232; skal ek g. þeim svá útrúleik sinn, 58:—þér eigit at g. aptr (to restore) sendimenn hans manngjöldum, Eg. 575:—g. leiðangr, to yield a levy, Fms. viii. 173.
II. metaph. to yield or yield up, deliver; þá guldu þeir Guði andir sínar, they yielded up their souls to God, Blas. 36; gjalt mik lærifeðrum mínum, 656 B. 5; væri hann þá andaðr goldinn sínum borgar-mönnum, 10.
β. so in the phrases, g. skynsemi við e-u, to give (yield) reason for, Skálda 205, Sks. …
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m. pay-day.
a, m. pay-day, Grág. i. 199, ii. 235.
n. payment, equivalent.
n. payments, equivalents, Sturl. i. 182.
a. taken in payment.
adj. taken in payment, Grág. i. 502, Fms. v. 346.
m. the king’s steward.
or gjald-kyri, a, m. the king’s rent-master or steward, N. G. L. i. 311, 335, Fms. vi. 12, Grett. 158 A, Jb. 173, Orkn. 204:— mod. a treasurer: the word is prob. of foreign origin.
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n, cinders from a smith’s furnace.
(gell; gall, gullum; gollit), v. to scream, shriek (ernir ~ hátt); strengr gellr, the bow-string twangs; impers. to resound, echo (kvað Þorsteinn svá hátt, at gall í múrnum).
pret. gall, pl. gullu; pres. gell, pl. gjalla; pret. subj. gylli; sup. gollit; mod. infin. gella; [A. S. giellan; Engl. yell; Dan. gjalde; Swed. gälla]:—to yell:—of birds of prey, to scream, shriek, hrafnar tveir ok gullu hátt, Fms. i. 131; ernir gjalla hátt, Sighvat; fuglar sýngja, gjalla eðr klaka, Skálda 170: of a bull, to bellow, Fb. i. 545: of things, as of a bow-string, to twang, strengr gellr, Fbr. 206; strengir gullu, Arnór; gjallandi geir, Eg. (in a verse): of a man, to yell, shout, hann stökk þá upp ok gall við, Fms. vii. 171: mod. to shout out (in reply), hún er gipt dóna fyrir austan, gall einhver við af Neðri-bekkingum, Piltr og Stúlka, p. 73: of an echo, to ring, svá gall í hverjum hamri, Fms. ix. 513, v. l.; so of a blacksmith’s hammer, Eg. (in a verse).
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n. the bridge leading to Hel, vide Edda.
n.
1) the horn (trumpet) of Heimdal;
2) the drinking horn used by Mimir.
n. the horn of Heimdal, Edda, Vsp.
a. ringng, resounding.
adj., also spelt gallr, ringing, poët. epithet of gold, a shield, weapon, horn, Fs. 111 (in a verse), Vsp. 42, Haustl. 1, Fm. 9, 20; gallir geirar, Ó. H. 23: of a person weeping, Skv. 3. 33: as the word is rare and obsolete, esp. in the form gallr, transcribers and editors have in some passages wrongly put the well-known gamlir (old) where that word yields no sense, as in Vsp. l. c., Ó. H. l. c.
2. as subst., the sea, a sword, shield are called gjallr, the resounding, Edda (Gl.)
only in the phrase, verða at ~, to turn mad with terror.
vide göltr.
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u, f. a hood, Edda (Gl.)
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a, m. a cooper, N. G. L. iii. 2, 10.
a.
1) eager for, desirous of (g. á e-t, í e-t, til e-s);
2) g. e-m, willing to follow one.
adj., compar. gjarnari; superl. gjarnastr; [Ulf. gairns, only once; A. S. georn; Germ. gern; lost as adj. both in Dan. and Swed.; cp. gerr above, which is only used in a limited sense]:—eager, willing, Fms. iv. 81, Dropl. 19; a saying, gjörn er hönd á venju, Grett. 130: with gen., gjarn e-s, 656 C. 24, passim; used in a great many poët. compds, but also freq. in prose, as in góð-g., gentle; íll-g., malevolent; öfund-g., envious; metorða-g., ambitions; væru-g., loving rest; á-gjarn, avaricious; fé-gjarn, covetous; sín-g. and eigin-g., selfish; óbil-g., unyielding; nám-g., eager for learning; háð-g., scoffing; ó-gjarn, unwilling; sátt-gjarn, peaceful; vide Lex. Poët. p. 246.
adv. willingly.
mod. gjarnan, adv. willingly, Nj. 57, Lv. 20, Eg. 234, Fms. i. 79, Ísl. ii. 441, Bret. 34, Sks. 241, Orkn. 158.
adv. willingly.
adv. willingly, Bs. i. 355.
adv. willingly.
adv. = gjarnliga, Sks. 221.
(gen. gjár; pl. gjár, gen. gjá, dat. gjám), f. rift, cleft, chasm.
f., gen. gjár, acc. and dat. gjá; pl. gjár, gen. gjá, dat. gjám, mod. gjáar; [a Scandin. word, akin to gína; found in the north of Scotland in the form geo, geow: cp. Gr. χάσμα]:—a chasm, rift, in fells or crags; hrinda þeim fyrir björg eðr í gjár, Fms. ii. 238; til þess er hann kemr at gjá einni, en sú gjá gengr um eyna þvera, fyrir annan enda gjárinnar, hinu-megin gjárinnar, yfir gjána, etc., Fær. 170, 171; kasta hringinum í gjár eða vötn, Bs. i. 329; milli gjá ok gljúfra, Stj. 90; at enni efri gjánni, Nj. 224: also freq. in local names, Ahnanna-gjá, the famous rift in Thingvalla, Nj. 113, 246, 247, Sturl. i. 206, Landn. 312, v. l.; Hrafna-gjá, Brímils-gjá, Kötlu-gjá; it often denotes a rift with a tarn or pool at bottom, whereas gil is a rift with running water.
COMPDS: gjárbakki, gjárbarmr, gjármunni, gjárskúti.
n. din of the sea.
m., gen. rs, poët. the din of the sea, the swelling waves, Sks. 148:—the sea, freq. in poëtry and in poët. compds, vide Lex. Poët.; in prose Icel. say, orða-gjálfr, ‘word-din’ empty sounding wards, flood of phrases. gjálfr-ligr, gjálfr-samr, gjálfrugr, adj. noisy, roaring, Sks. 192. Ships are gjálfr-dýr, gjálfr-marar, gjálfr-stóð, steeds of the sea, Lex. Poët.
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að, to roar, of the sea: to chatter.
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f. [cp. gjelg = din, Ivar Aasen], idle talk, prating, Ísl. ii. 139.
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f. [A. S. gealp; Hel. gelp; Engl. yelp], Yelper, name of a giantess, Edda; from gjálpa, að, to yelp.
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yesterday, vide gær.
m. brink of a rift.
a, m. a rift brink (that of the Almanna-gjá), Nj. 224.
m. edge of a rift.
m. the edge of a geow, Fas. iii. 414.
m. mouth of a rift.
a, m. the mouth of a geow, Fas. iii. 415.
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a, m. a geow-nook, Bárð. 166.
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m. the upper wall of the Almanna-gjá, Grág. i. 26.
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n. = gjólífi.
in mod. usage (and gjá-lífr, adj.), a life of pleasure, a gay, idle life, Vídal., Pass. 4. 10.
f. sensuality.
f. [cp. Engl. gay], enjoyment, esp. in a bad sense, sensuality, Sks. 435.
COMPDS: gjólífi, gjólífismenn, gjómenn, gjálífi.
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m. [gjo, Ivar Aasen], (a bird, falco haliaetus, Edda (Gl.), Stj. 316, Róm. 382, Þiðr. 93.
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u, f. a gust of wind.
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m. pl. vain persons, Fms. viii. 238, v. l.
(gýs; gaus, gusum; gosinn), v. to gush, burst out (þar gaus upp stundum, eldr; blóðit gaus ór sárinu).
pret. gauss, mod. gaus, pl. gusu; pres. gýss, mod. gýs; pret. subj. gysi; part. gosinn: [a Scandin. word not found in Saxon nor Germ., cp. Engl. gush]:—to gush, break out, of a furnace, volcano, or the like; þar gauss upp stundum eldr, Nj. 204; hann sá eld mikinn g. upp, Grett. 96; gauss ór honum spýja (a vomit) mikil, Eg. 216; froða gaus ór kjapti þeim, Fas. i. 425; svá sem þar gjósi upp svartr reykr, Sks. 203; gaus upp grátr, Róm. 234.
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u, f. a gust, Edda 99, Bs. i. 667 (in a verse).
f. ‘gush-vein’, artery.
f. a ‘gush-vein,’ an artery, Sturl. iii. 97.
(gýt; gaut, gutum; gotinn), v.
1) g. hrognum, to spawn;
2) g. augum, sjonum, to cast a look.
u, f. [Dan. gyde], a narrow lane.
(gýt; gaut, gutum; gotinn), v.
1) g. hrognum, to spawn;
2) g. augum, sjonum, to cast a look.
pret, gaut, pl. gutu; pres. gýtr; pret. subj. gyti; part. gotinn;, [Ulf. gjutan; A. S. geôtan; O. H. G. giuzan; Germ. giessen; Dan. gyde; Swed. giuta = to cast (of metal), but this sense is not found in the Icel.]:—to drop, throw, cast one’s young, with dat.; Icel. say kefla or kelfa (kálfr), of a cow, whale, deer; kasta, of a mare; kæpa, of a seal (kópr, a young seal;) hrygna, of a fish; gjóta, of a cat, dog, fox, mouse, and of a fish, to spawn; whence gota, spawn; got-rauf, q. v.; þá gjóta þeir hrognum sínum, Sks. 46; nýgotinn hvolpr, a new-dropped cub (dog, kitten).
2. in the phrase, gjóta augum, to twinkle, Fas. iii. 497; gjóta hornauga, to look askant.—That gjóta was originally used in a nobler sense maybe inferred from the fact that the names of two Teutonic people, the Gautar (Gauts) and Gotar (Goths, = the born, Lat. nati) are in all likelihood derived from the same root.
n. sensual life.
n. a ‘gay,’ i. e. vain, life; g. eðr ofdrykkjur, Fms. viii. 106 (v. l.), Stj. 161.
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n. pl. id., Sks. 366.
(gen. gjafar, pl. gjafar and gjafir), f. gift; skipta gjöfum við e-n, to exchange gifts with one; leiða e-n út (í brott) með gjöfum, leysa e-n á brott með gjöfum, to dismiss one with gifts (at the end of a visit).
f., gen. gjafar, pl. gjafar, later gjafir; dat. gjöfum: [Ulf. giba; A. S. gifu, geofu; Engl. gift; Germ. gabe, whence mod. Swed. gåfua, Dan. gave, and Icel. gáfa]:—a gift, Nj. 7, 163, Eg. 33, Fms. i. 296, iv. 105, x. 47, Bs. i. 76, 143, N. G. L. i. 8, passim: in mod. usage Icel. distinguish between gjöf and gáfa, using the latter of the gifts of nature, gifts of mind, cleverness, but gjöf in a material sense. The ancients were fond of exchanging gifts, which were either a part of hospitality or tokens of friendship; the former were munificent, the latter might be small, Hm. 51: at a feast (wedding, funeral, or the like) the host used to make gifts to all his more honoured guests at departure; the technical phrase for this was, leysa menn út með gjöfum, to dismiss with gifts; vóru allir menn með gjöfum brott leystir; hence útlausnir, departure from a feast, Sturl. iii. 268: a departing friend or visitor had to be dismissed with a gift (kynnis-gjöf, Fms. vi. 358). The gifts consisted chiefly of weapons and costly clothes; but favourite gifts were a steed (Bjarn. 55, 58) or oxen of a fine breed (Sturl. i. 106), hawks, tents, sails, white bears (Ó. …
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(acc. gjöflan), a. munificent, liberal (g. at gulli).
adj., pl. gjöflir, munificent, Eg. 42, Fms. v. 240, Bs. i. 61: with gen., g. síns fjár, Hm. 38; stór-gjöfull, q. v.
f. cleft, rift (gljúfr ok ~ar).
f. a cleft, rift; gljúfr ok gjögrar, Bs. i. 200; rare, but still existing as the local name of a fishing-place in north-western Icel., (Gjögr, or á Gjögri), used as neut.
(að), v. to reel, stagger.
að, to reel, stagger (now skjögra), Fas. ii. 550 (in a verse).
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að, to jolt, rattle, of a thing badly fitted; það gjögtar til og frá.
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f. [vide gjalla], din, alarum (poët.)
COMPDS: Gjallarbrú, Gjallarhorn.
f. pl. the whskers of the Fenris-wolf.
f. pl. [Engl. gills; Dan. gjæller; Swed. gäl]:—the gills of a fish, Edda (Gl.); elsewhere rare, tálkn (q. v.) being the common word.
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m. a kind of fish, Edda (Gl.)
(gen. gjarðar; pl. gjarðar and gjarðir), f. girdle; saddle-girth (söðul~).
f., pl. gjarðar, mod. gjarðir, [Ulf. gairda = ζωνή; Engl. girth, girdle; Dan. gjord]:—a girdle, Ísl. ii. 340, Sks. 403, freq.; söðul-g., a saddle-girth; megin-g., main girdle, the belt of Thor, vide Edda: poët. the sea is called jarðar-g., earth-girdle:—a hoop on tubs, botn-g., a bottom hoop:—a kind of lady’s head-gear, in western Icel. a kerchief wrapped round the head.
(að), v. to gladden (= gleðja).
að, = gleðja, to gladden, but only in pres., Hkv. 1. 44, Höfuðl. 17, Fsm. 48: in prose, Fas. i. 221, Barl. 60.
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n. [from Lat. gladiolus], a kind of sword, Ld. 330, Þiðr.
adv. gladly, willingly.
adv. gladly, friendly, Nj. 177, Fms. xi. 376: gladly, willingly, i. 102, ix. 254, Fas. i. 218.
a. glad, cheerful.
adj. glad, bright, cheerful, Fms. vi. 357.
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að, to be gladdened: esp. of the sky, to brighten, clear up, það glaðnar til; and of a face, það glaðnar yfir honum, his face brightens.
f. gladdening, gladness.
f., gladdening, Mar.: good cheer.
(glöð, glatt), a.
1) glad, gladsome, cheerful (Flosi var allra ruarma, glaðastr);
2) bright, beautiful, of the sky, weather, fire (veðr glatt, tunglit skein glatt).
1. adj., fem. glöð, neut. glatt, compar. glaðari, superl. glaðastr; [A. S., Engl., Swed., and Dan. glad; it does not occur in Ulf. nor in Germ.; in Hel. gladmod = glad-mood (twice), vide Schmeller; cp. also Lat. laetus]:—glad, gladsome; glaðr ok reifr skyli gumna hverr unz sinn bíðr bana, Hm. 14; ek væra glaðari ef þú værir með hundrað manns, Lv. 80; snotrs manns hjarta verðr sjaldan glatt, Hm. 54; Gunnarr varð g. við þat, Nj. 42; Flosi var allra manna glaðastr ok beztr heim at sækja, most cheerful of all men and the best to visit, 254, cp. Eb. 88, Fms. i. 31; glaðr í máli, vi. 59; hraustr ok g., x. 420; glaðr ok spurall, iv. 82; glaðr, heilhugaðr, vitr, Fagrsk. 14; glöð trú, cheerful faith, Lex. Poët.; drekka glaðr inn góða mjöð, Gm. 13; drekka glöð ór gullnum kerum, 7; ok þótti glaðara (pleasanter) at tala við Helgu en vera í starfi með kaupmönnum, Ísl. ii. 212: acc. adverb., taka glaðan á e-u, to take it gladly, Fms. xi. 112; ó-glaðr, sad, moody.
II. glad, bright, of the sky, weather; tunglið skein glatt, Fas. iii. 622; veðr glatt, Þjal. 47; þat ljós gaf glaðan veg, Bs. ii. …
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a. cheerful.
adj. cheerful, Grett. 140 A, Fas. iii. 219.
a. cheerful in speech.
adj. talking cheerfully, Fms. i. 19, ii. 109.
f. gladness.
mod. glað-værð, f. gladness, Sturl. i. 206, ii. 125.
a. gladsome, cheerful.
adj. gladsome, cheerful, Bs. ii. 89, Magn. 474.
n. noise, din, clash.
mod. glamr, m. [cp. glaumr], a tinkling sound, Finnb. 348, Fms. xi. 129: noise, Hom. 34; gný ok glamm, a clash of weapons, Fms. vi. 156; ára-glam, a dash of oars; orða-glamr, tinkling words; Skála-glam, a nickname, ‘Tinkling-scale,’ xi. 128, 129. Glammaðr or Glömmuðr, m. a nickname, Tinkler, Landn.
v. to twaddle, talk idly.
ð, to twaddle, talk idly, Hm. 30.
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(or glanpi?), a, m. a ray of light; akin to glenr.
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adj. hoydenish.
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m.
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a, m. a reckless jester, Edda (Gl.)
COMPDS: glannalegr, glannaskapr.
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a, m. [mod. from Germ. glanz], glitter.
n. beguilement, seduction; venja kvámur sínar til glapa (or glaps) við konu, to aim at seducing.
n. hallucination, seems only to be used in pl. glöp, as elli-glöp, dotage: a law term, flaws in law proceedings, Grág. i. 10.
(að), v. to grow dim (~ði honum heyrn ok sýn).
að, to grow blunt or dim; glapnaði honum heyrn ok sýn, Eg. 754; hversu honum glapnaði sona-eignin, Fms. iv. 321.
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n., pl. glöpp, only in the phrase, höppum og glöppum, by ‘haps and gaps,’ by haphazard; and in compds, glappa-skot, n. as a law term, a chance shot, a mishap (shooting one inadvertently), N. G. L. i. 157, cp. § 27:—in mod. usage, a blunder, slip: glappa-verk, n. accidental mischief done, Fs. 160.
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dep. to blunder.
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adj. speaking vainly of, Ad. 1.
n. mistake, blunder.
n. a blunder, Band. 4.
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f. a fool’s fine for pranks or foolish acts, Hallfr.
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m. a fool’s path, a stray path, cp. the Dan. saying, gjensti bliver ofte glapsti.
n. accidental manslaughter.
n. accidental manslaughter, Landn. 180.
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n. glass, vide gler. glas-ker, n. a glass vessel; glaskeri ber eg minn fésjóð í, Pass. 1. 27, cp. 2 Cor. iv. 7.
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m. the Glassy, name of a grove with golden leaves, Edda.
(að), v.
1) to destroy (g. e-u);
2) to lose;
refl., ~st, to be lost.
að, (the old pres. glatir, K. Þ. K. 66, Sks. 700; mod. glatar), with dat. to destroy, slay; at glata manndráps-mönnum, Hom. 43, Stj. 643; ella mun ek g. þér, 656 B. 4: with acc. a Latinism, 673. 55, Mar. passim: to ruin, esp. in mod. sense, glata önd ok líkama, Blas. 48: to lose, til þeirra óðala er nú glatar hann, Sks. 512; þá glatisk þau auðæfi fyrir honum, 700; hverfr fé þat eðr glatizt á annan veg, K. Þ. K. 66; ef maðr finnr fjárhlut manns ok hefir eigandi glatað, Gþl. 546; görla þú nem ok glata (imperat.) eigi, Sl. 32.
f. perdition.
and glötun, f. perdition, esp. in eccl. sense, 671. 1, 625. 75, Sks. 654, 661, freq. in N. T., Vídal., Pass.
m. noisy merriment; glaums andvana, cheerless.
m. [glam, cp. Scot. glamer = noise], a merry noise, esp. at a banquet; var þar inn at heyra glaumr mikill, Ld. 170; glaum ok hornaskol, Eb. 28; sat við drykkju, þar var g. mikill, Eg. 303; glaumr mikill ok fjölmenni, Fms. xi. 108; g. ok gleði, Sturl. i. 23, 24, Fms. iv. 48; gný ok glaum herliðsins, Hkr. iii. 65: freq. in mod. usage, g. heimsins, g. veraldar, the noise and bustle of the world, Vídal.
2. in old poetry joy, merriment; glaums andvana, cheerless, Gkv. 2. 41; bella glaumi, 29; manna g., joy (society) of men, Skm. 34; glaumr þverr, the cheer (the heart) sinks, Glúm. 339 (in a verse).
β. a lusty crowd of men; val-glaumr, a host of warriors, Gm. 21.
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að, to talk glibly; heimilt á ek at g. af því, Mkv. 3.
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u, f. a bald, barren tract, a gab, Ísl. Þjóðs. i. 491.
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m. a poët. name of the moon, Edda (Gl.):—the name of a ghost in Grett. S., see the famous ghost story in that Saga, ch. 34–37; the word is interesting on account of its identity with Scot. glamour, which shews that the tale of Glam was common to Scotland and Iceland, and thus much older than Grettir (of the year 1014, cp. glam = a ghastly-looking man, Ivar Aasen). glám-sýni, f. (in mod. usage also glám-skygni, f. and glám-skygn, adj.), ‘glam-sight,’ glamour, illusion, Grett. 115 A, Sturl. i. 179, Stj. 401. Judges ix. 36, Ölk. 36 (blunder), Þorst. Síðu H. 178: Icel. also say, glám-bekkr, m., in the phrase, að fleygja e-u á glámbekk, to throw a thing on the ‘glamour-bench,’ i. e. to fling it carelessly about where it can be taken by any one, or lost. glám-blesóttr, adj. a horse with a moon-shaped blaze on the forehead. Gláma, u, f. the name of a glacier.
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t, to stare vacantly; gláp, n. a stare.
f. glede, kite (bird).
u, f. [A. S. glida; Engl. glead; Scot. gled], a kite, Brest. 50.
f. gladness, merriment, joy (var þar þá g. mikil).
f. [glaðr; Swed.-Dan. glæde], gladness, merriment, good cheer; in old writers esp. of enjoyment at a festival, story-telling, music, sport of any kind; leikar ok allskyns gleði, Fs. 25; gleði ok gamanræður, 72; g. ok góð fylgd, 130; lítil var gleði manna at boðinu, Ísl. ii. 251; var þar þá gleði mikil, Nj. 254; eptir þat fór fram g. ok skemtan, Ld. 202; kvaðsk mundu undir standa með þeim um hverja gleði er þeir vildi fram hafa, Sturl. i. 20; tóku þeir þar veizlu góða ok höfðu gleði mikla, Eg. 371; gleði ok góð Jól, Grett.; þar var gleði mikil, leikar ok fjölmenni, Sturl. iii. 258; görði hann sik léttan við alþýðu ok átti alþýðugleði, Bs. i. 680; görðisk þá gleði mikil í hallinni, Fms. i. 162; drukku með mikilli gleði ok skemtan, iv. 82; glaumr ok g. (vide above); vilda ek nú til þess mæla at ér tækit upp nokkura gleði nýja til skemtunar mönnum, xi. 109; eptir þetta vóru leikar upp teknir, gengu Fossverjar fyrir gleðinni, Vígl. 24: in the Middle Ages the wakes were often called gleðir (pl.), Jóla-gleði, Christmas games, etc.
COMPDS: gleðibragð, gleðibúnaðr, gleðidagar, gleðifullr, gleðihljómr, gleðikendr, gleðiligr, gleðimaðr, gleðimót, gleðiorð, gleðiraust, gleðispell, gleðistundir, gleðisöngvar, gleðivist. …
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m. a nickname, Landn.
n. joyful mien.
n. merry looking, Nj. 118.
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m. festival gear, Stj. 52, Sks. 39.
m. pl. days of happiness.
m. pl. days of merriment, happiness, Grett. 151 A.
a. joyful.
adj. joyful, Fb. ii. 331.
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m. a merry peal.
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part. merry, i. e. tipsy. Stj. 424.
a. glad.
adj. happy, Stj. 33.
m. cheery man.
m. a cheery man; Ingimundr var hinn mesti g. ok fékk sér allt til skemtunar, Sturl. i. 19, Eg. 3, 146, Lv. 74.
n. = gleðibragð.
n. = gleðibragð, Nj. 118.
n. pl. words of joy.
n. words of joy, Vígl. 89 new Ed.
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f. a merry voice.
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n. a kill-joy, Mag.
f. pl. merry, happy time.
f. pl. merry, happy hours, Vígl. 23.
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m. pl. glad songs, hymns, Stj. 50.
f. merry sojourn.
f. a merry sojourn, Lv. 75.—Gleði in the sense of Lat. gaudium is freq. in mod. use, but old writers prefer fögnuðr in the abstract sense; ó-gleði, sadness, despondency, Lv. 75: medic. ailment, cp. the phrase e-m er óglatt, one is ailing.
(gleð, gladda, gladdr), v. to gladden, make glad;
refl., ~st, to be glad, rejoice.
pret. gladdi; pres. gleðr; part. gladdr; sup. glatt:—to gladden, enliven, make glad, Hom. 18, 159, Fms. v. 49, Fas. i. 122: reflex. to be glad, rejoice, Eg. 55, Ísl. ii. 360, Fms. i. 261, vi. 60, Sks. 551, Fb. i. 405: to brighten, sem dagrinn gladdisk, Verel.
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adj., neut. gleitt, [glíða, qs. líða, cp. gliðna], standing astraddle, with one’s legs wide apart. Sturl. ii. 106, freq. in mod. usage.
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m. the Lissom, name of the mythol. fetter in Edda 19.
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1. t, to open wide the mouth, fingers, or the like (a slang word); greipa-glennir, a nickname, Ísl. Þjóðs.
2. u, f. mummery, N. G. L. ii. 424: a nickname, Sturl. ii. 192.
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m., mythol. the husband of the Sun, Edda.
n. gibing, gibe, jest, banter.
n. gibing, fun, a gibe, jest, Fms. ii. 279, Ld. 220, Ísl. ii. 393.
COMPDS: glensligr, glensmikill, glensyrði, glensöl.
(að), v. to jest, make fun.
að, to jest, gibe, 655 xxxii. 2, Sturl. iii. 170.
f. gibing, jesting.
f. gibing, Sturl. iii. 265.
a. bantering.
adj. gibing, Fms. ii. 182.
a. full of jesting or gibes.
adj. full of gibes, Háv. 4.
n. pl. jesting or gibing speech.
n. pl. (and orða-glens), gibes, fun, Fms. iii. 80.
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n.; dauðinn er glensöl sjaldan saup, sagði skenktú nú mér í staup, Jón Þorl.
(glep, glapta, glaptr), v.
1) to confuse one (in reading, speaking);
2) to confound (g. sókn, vörn);
3) to beguile (g. konu).
pret. glapði; sup. glapið or glapt; pres. glep; [glap]:—to confuse one in reading, speaking, or the like, Nj. 33: as a law term, to confound, glepja sókn, vörn, görð, Grág. i. 60, 382; g. þingför, þingreið, ii. 78; ok varðar þeiin fjörbaugs-garð ef þeir göra eigi ok hvegi er þeir glepja, i. 485: to beguile, Fms. i. 7, ii. 7, vi. 163, vii. 113, viii. 391, Eg. 587, Ls. 20, Eb. 252.
2. reflex. to be confounded; hugði hann at glepjask mundi þerririnn (of weather), Eb. 152; hversu honum glapðisk sona-eignin, Ld. 236, Ó. H. 145 (vide glapna).
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að, an iterat. to snap, bite, 655 xxxi. 7, Al. 144.
n.
1) glass;
háll sem ~, slippery as glass;
bresta í ~i, to break into shivers;
2) looking-glass.
n. [A. S. glæs; Engl. glass; Germ. glass; early Dan. glar; the mod. Dan. and Swed. glas seem to be borrowed from Germ.; Icel. distinguish between gler (glass) and glas (a small glass bottle); but s seems to be the original consonant, and the word is akin to Glasir, glys, glæsa, q. v.]:—the word originally meant amber, ‘succinum’ quod ipsi (viz. the Germans) glaesum vocant, Tacit. Germ. ch. 45; glass beads for ornament are of early use; quantities are found in the great deposits (in cairns and fens) of the earliest Iron Age, but only in a single instance in a deposit of the Brass Age (which ends about the beginning of our era), vide Ann. for Nord. Oldk. 1868, p. 118; and such is the sense of the word in the three places that it occurs in old heathen poems: magical Runes were written on glass, Sdm. 17: metaph., nú er grjót þat at gleri orðit, now those stones are turned into gler, of an altar ‘glassed’ with sacrificial blood, Hdl, 5; cp. also the curious reading, bresta í gleri, to be shivered, to break into shivers, Hým. 29,—the reading of Kb., ‘í tvau,’ is a gloss on the obsolete phrase:—glæs also occurs twice or thrice in A. …
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m. a glassy sheeting of ice, frozen after thawing, (mod.)
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n. pl. ‘glass-eyes,’ spectacles.
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f. Glass Water, Eb.,—perhaps from the Gaelic glas, dark-gray.
m. glass-window.
m., vide above, Fms. iii. 187, xi. 271–276, Bs. i. 131, B. K. 98, Vm., Pm. passim.
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m. a glass stone, agate.
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u, f. (gler-háll, adj.), slippery as glass, of ice.
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m. a sky-light, Hom. 130, Mag. 5.
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m. a glass chalice, Hom. 138.
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n. a glass vessel, Mar. 603, Am. 58.
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m. a glass lamp, Vm. 129, 162.
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m. a glass pot, Þiðr. 164.
m. pl. glass stones, agates.
m. pl. glass stones, agates, Edda 68.
f. pl. glass beads.
f. pl. glass beads, Þorf. Karl. 374, belonging to the gear of a heathen prophetess. There is a curious Icel. local name
f. banter, raillery, taunting; fara (ganga, ríða) í glett við e-n, to provoke one.
1. u, f. banter, Fms. iii. 9, x. 141, Sturl. i. 69.
2. u, f., or glettun, f. banter, raillery, Fms. ii. 9, Sturl. i. 69. glettu-atsókn, f. a feint or ruse to provoke the enemy to attack, Fms. x. 141.
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tt, dep. to banter, rail against one; g. við e-n, Fms. ii. 180, Fær. 51, Grett. 101 A: milit. to taunt, provoke the enemy, Fms. vi. 151, viii. 49, 405.
adv. tauntingly.
adv. tauntingly, Fms. ii. 13.
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f. banter, raillery, Fær. 109: gen. as adv. glettingar-bára, u, f. a splashing (no trifling) wave.
a. bantering.
adj. (glettni, glettun), bantering, Sturl. i. 69 C. gletunar-maðr, m., engi g., not a man to be trifled with, Nj. 105.
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m. banter, raillery, taunting; and as a milit. term, a feint or ruse to irritate or provoke the enemy; þeir létu vakka við skipin ok höfðu nokkut svá í glett, Fms. viii. 289; munum vér ganga í glett við borgamenn, ok vita ef vér getum ginnt þá frá borginni, Stj. 364. Josh. viii. 5; ekki mun ek eggja þik at fara í glett við þá Svía, to provoke the Swedes, Fær. 88; eigi leiðisk þeim enn at vit eigimk við glettur, Sturl. i. 69; ríð ekki í glett við oss, því at úsýnt er hvárt vér þolum þér þat, ii. 52.
(-da, -dr), v.
1) to make a merry noise (glaumr);
2) with dat. to forget (gleymt hefi ek þessu).
d, [glaumr, q. v.; Swed. glömma; Dan. glemme; but unknown to Germ. and Saxon]
I. prop. to make a merry noise; this sense is almost obsolete, but occurs in Bret., þeir gleymdu þar yfir, they held a bout around the horse, 94: reflex. to be merry, Merl. 1. 52.
II. metaph. to forget, with dat.; at hann gleymi öllum Guðs boðorðum, Fms. v. 217, xi. 235, Barl. 7, 56, Al. 12, Sks. 743, passim: absol., Edda 154 (pref.), Sks. 238: with acc., Karl. 524 (rare): with infin., freq. in mod. usage, eg gleymdi að taka það: with gen., a Latinism, Stj. 78.
2. in a pass. sense, to be forgotten, Th. 79.
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f. forgetfulness, Stj. 212, Hom. 125, Barl. 130.
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m. pranks, jollity, Bjarn. (in a verse); vide glaumr.
f. forgetfulness.
u, f. forgetfulness, H. E. 494, Stj., N. T., Vídal., Pass.
a. forgetful.
adj. forgetful, Sks. 451 B.
(-ta, -tr), v. to swallow.
ð and t, [cp. Dan. glube, glubsk = voracious], to gulp down, swallow, Stj. 193, Barl. 56, Edda 8, Fms. iii. 216, Eluc. 10.
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f. a gulping down, swallowing, Stj. 236.
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adj. quick at learning (of children); hann er g.
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að, to fall asunder, go to pieces; því at bótin gliðnar frú fatinu aptr, Matth. ix. 16.
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m. [A. S. gleng = showy things], a toy, Fas. iii. 219; barna-glingr, a child’s toy, freq.
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að, to toy, trifle with.
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u, f. a thin texture; vefjar-glipja, Jón Þorl. i. 324.
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adj. thin, of a texture, (mod.)
(-sta), v. to grin, gabble.
t, [Norse glisa], to grin, Hm. 30, but obsolete in Icel.
n. ‘glitter’; ofit í g., brocaded.
n. ‘glitter,’ used of brocades or rich tissues; ofit í glit af gulli, Gísl. 21; dúkr hálfr með sprang, hálfr með glit, Pm. 123.
COMPDS: glitábreiða, glitdúkr, glitofinn, glitvefnaðr.
(að), v. to glitter.
að, [Ulf. glitmunjan = στίλβειν, Mark ix. 3; Hel. glitan; O. H. G. glizan]:—to glitter, Fms. viii. 350 (v. l.), ix. 301, Sturl. i. 21 (in a verse); glitar á vápnin, Karl. 254.
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part. tissued, Vm. 5.
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m. a mythical name of the Golden Hall in heaven, Gm. 15.
(að), v. to glitter.
að, = glita, Barl. 74, Karl. 358, Fms. viii. 350.
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adj. glittering, Sks. 530.
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tt, = glita; það glittir í e-ð, a thing glitters far away.
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u, f. a brocaded cover.
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m. a brocaded stuff.
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part. brocaded.
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adj. gleaming red, Fas. iii, 491.
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m. brocade weaving.
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and líka, adv. also, freq. in mod. usage and always without the g.
= líkindi.
and líkindi, n. pl. likelihood; skaði meiri en ek mætta at glíkindum ráða, Ld. 126, Band. 10; ef at glíkindum færi, Bs. i. 338; but, at líkindum, 337, 529; Halli þóttisk sjá at glíkindum, at …, Glúm. 378; þótti honum frá líkindum (beyond likelihood, extraordinary) hversu þungr hann var, Eg. 769; ok er þat at líkendum, it is as could be expected, Nj. 187; eptir líkindum, Fms. x. 208; glíkindi, Gísl. 137; engi líkindi til, Fms. viii. 147; meiri, minni, engin líkindi, more, less, no probability, id., passim; ef þetta mætti verða með nokkrum líkendum, Sks. 149; allt er með líkindum ferr ok eðli, Edda 69; þeir sögðu Jakob þess líkindi at …, Ver. 16; þeir görðusk nú mannvænligir sem líkindi er á, Sturl. i. 3; hégómlig líkendi, vain forecast, Stj. 142; til líkinda við, in comparison with, Barl. 55:—as a law term, fara þangat er hann veit mest líkendi á, N. G. L. i. 255; gefa sök þeim er í líkindum þykkja vera, bring a charge against those who are likely to have done it, 351, 362; at þeir mætti því heldr kenndir verða at líkendum, from likeness, appearance (of detecting criminals), Gþl. 18.
II. semblance, remains; …
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= líking.
and líking, f. likeness, image; glíking Guðs, Eluc. 18; glíking góðs verks, 655 xxvi. 4: liking, imitation, í líking Tróju, Bret. 98; líking djöfuls, Best. 54; til þeirrar sömu líkingar, Fms. ii. 89; ok af þeirra líkingu mun hann fremjast, v. 345; gerðú þó í líking annarra manna, after the liking of other people, Edda 37; svá sem með nokkurri skynsemdar líking, with some shade of reason, Stj. 143:—eptir-líking, a parable.
= líkja.
and líkja, ð and t, to make like; Clemens glíkði atferð sína eptir Petro postula, Clem. 39; glíkir sik gömlum karli, Stj. 475: to imitate, with acc., a Latinism, Hom. 57; g. eptir, to imitate; er öllum sé gott eptir at glíkja, Bs. i. 140; þat skyldi eptir öðru líkja er goðin ætti rammari, Fms. v. 319; hinna höfðingja dæmi, er betra er eptir at líkja, vii. 296, Magn. 504; kölluðusk þat allt líkja eptir biskupi, Sturl. ii. 12, (likea, Bs. i. 500, l. c.); líkja alla sína dóma eptir Guðligum daemum, Sks. 599.
II. reflex. to belike, resemble; mun ek glíkjask foglum þeim er …, 623. 53; nú glíkðusk menn Guði, Greg. 21; líkjask í ætt e-s, Ld. 24; at þú skyldir nú meir líkjask í ætt Haralds ens Hárfagra um skaplyndi en Rana Mjónef móður-föður þínum eðr Nereið jarli enum Gamla, Ó. H. 31; Haraldr líktisk í móður-ætt sína, Fas. (Hb.) i. 356; nú líkisk barn þat honum, N. G. L. i. 30; at líkjask þeim, Sks. 18, Magn. 466.
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m. (glíkleiki, a, m.), likelihood, Sks. 195, 565.
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and líkliga, adv. favourably, esp. in the phrase, taka líkliga á e-u, to give a favourable answer to; því máli var vel tekit ok svarat líkliga, Eg. 26; Tryggvi tók því vel ok líkliga, Fms. i. 59, iii. 78; for þá allt tal þeirra líkliga ok sáttgjarnliga, ii. 36, x. 132; skiljask þau nú drottning ok konungr heldr líkliga, they parted on friendly terms, Fas. i. 33: in mod. usage, probably;—the spelling with g scarcely ever occurs.
= líkligr.
and líkligr, adj.; in old poets with gl, geta þykkjat mér gotnar | glíkligs, Hallfred; but usually with l only, e. g. Nj. 49, Fms. xi. 87, Hkr. i. 261, where Mork. gl:—likely, probable, þótti mönnum glíkligast at stolit mundi vera, Bs. i. 348; gör af drauminum slíkt er þér sýnisk líkligast, Ísl. ii. 196; at honum þætti Rauðs-synir líkligstir til at valda, Fms. iv. 380, Hom. 115:—fit, promising, nú þykkir Eyjúlfi þetta et glíkligsta, Gísl. 148; göra sik líkligan til e-s, to shew oneself inclined to, countenance, Fms. x. 334.
= líkr.
adj., mod. líkr; in old poems in alliteration the g is always sounded, e. g. glíkr er geira sækir | gunnsterkr …, Bjarn. 33; urðu-a it glíkir | þeim Gunnari, Gh. 3; glík skulu gjöld gjöfum, Hm. 45; Baldri glíkan bur, Ls.; but the vellum MSS. use both forms, though glík is more freq. in the older, líkr in the later; sometimes false readings arose, e. g. ólíkt (unlike) hafa gört þeir menn, Bs. i. 140, where the sense requires glíkt, but the lower part of the g having been obliterated, the transcriber read it as o; or Fs. 22, where ugglikt (suspicious) yields no meaning, and is to be read úglíkt (different, quite another thing): [Ulf. galeiks = ομοιος; A. S. gelîc; Engl. alike, like; O. H. G. glîk; mod. Germ. gleich; Swed. lik; Dan. lig]:—like, alike; with dat., sonr er feðr glíkari en dóttir, Eluc. 10; annarr atburðr varð enn þessum glíkr, Bs. i. 346; ekki því grjóti glíkt öðru er þar er, Eg. 142; því glíkt, as adv. such-like, in like manner, Post. 686 C. 2; lifði því líkara sem hann væri ílldýri, Ísl. ii. 481; fríðr sýnum ok mjök líkr föður sínum, Fms. …
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I)
(-da, -t), v. to wrestle.
II)
f. wrestling.
d, to wrestle, Landn. 185, Fms. iii. 187, Sturl. iii. 268, Finnb. 222.
I)
(-da, -t), v. to wrestle.
II)
f. wrestling.
u, f. [this word occurs neither in Germ. nor in Saxon, nor yet in the mod. Scandin. tongues (of Sweden, Norway, and Denmark), and the origin is not known]:—wrestling, a favourite national sport with the Icel. people, in old as well as in modern times, answering to the Gr. πάλη: glímu-brögð, n. pl. wrestling-tricks, vide bragð II. 2: to the technical terms there mentioned, add, hnykkr, hælkrókr, sveifla, etc.: glímu-félagi, a, m. a wrestling-match, Háv. 41: glímu-færr, adj. able-bodied as a wrestler, Finnb. 328: glímu-galdr, m. a ‘wrestler-spell,’ to charm one’s legs and make them steady, Ísl. Þjóðs. i: glímu-maðr, m. a wrestler: glímumann-liga, adv. like a good wrestler, nimbly, Fas. iii. 502: glímu-völlr, m. the wrestling-ring. The earliest match recorded is that of Thor and the giantess Elli (Age),—for the tale vide Edda 33; freq. in the Sagas, Sturl. iii. 20, 268; glenz ok glímur, Fms. i. 149 sqq., 182, iii. 187, 188, Grett. and Finnb., Kjaln. passim, Eg. ch. 40; leikr (sport) and glíma are often used synonymously, as Ld. …
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a. expert as a wrestler.
adj. able or alert as a wrestler.
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u, f. [cp. glire = to blink with the eyes, Ivar Aasen], in a nickname in Vápn., Glíru-Halli.
(-ða, -ð), v. to glisten, shine.
1. ð, to glitter, Lat. nitere; það gljáir á það.
2. f. a spot glittering against the sun: the name of a river.
n. pl. rocky (sides of a) ravine.
n. almost only in pl. [A. S. glôf = cliff], an abrupt descent or chasm, esp. in the bed of a river, ár-gljúfr; hvar hin litla áin féll ór gljúfrum, Eg. 134; eru gljúfr mikil upp með ánni, Fær. 62, Landn. 251, Glúm. 362, Al. 92, Fms. viii. 51, Gullþ. 8; en tveim-megin gengu at g. há ok hin brattastu björg, Stj. 452. 1. Sam. xiv. 4: sing., Grett. 142 (in a verse): so the mod. phrases,—glæfra-ferð, f. a neck-breaking, dangerous exploit (as among precipices); glæfra-göng, n. pl. straits, Broddi er kominn í g., a ditty of Pal Vídalín; glæfra-ligr, adj. dangerous, horrible,—are all derived from gljúfr.
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adj., see glúpr.
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u, f. a big hole, a nickname, Fms. x. 142; gloppu-gat, id.
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að, with dat. to drop, lose a thing heedlessly.
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part. very hungry.
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a, m. [glousse = a spark, De Professer], a blaze.
n. grin, sneer, scornful smile; draga g. at e-u, to sneer at.
n. a grin; draga glott at, Ó. H. 151, Bs. i. 647.
(-tta, -tt), v. to grin (g. at or við e-u); g. við tönn, to smile scornfully and show the teeth.
tt, to grin: absol., g. at e-u, to grin at a thing, Fbr. 160, 162 (in a verse); hón (the witch) glotti við sólunni, Fas. ii. 127; so also, g. við, Nj. 27; g. við tönn, to smile scornfully, sarcastically, so as to shew the teeth, Edda 30, Nj. 182 (of Skarpheðinn), and passim; Erlingr sá til hans, ok glotti við tönn, ok mælti, Ó. H. 114.
(að, or -óða, -ót), v.
1) to shine, glitter (glóar nökkut í götunni);
2) to glow with heat; glóanda járn, red-hot iron.
að, [A. S. glowan; Engl. glow; Germ. glühen; etc.], to shine, glitter (of metals or bright things); er vápnin glóðu, Fagrsk. 138, Bs. i. 348, Rb. 358; hón glóaði af gulli, Stj. 206, Fas. i. 333; hann glóar sem eldr, Hb. 544. 39: red-hot, járn-sía glóandi, a red-hot iron, Edda 61, Fms. viii. 8; glóandi hiti = Germ. glühend, Greg. 36: scalding hot, of broth or the like.
(pl. glœðr), f. red-hot embers.
f., pl. glæðr (glóðir, Post. 656 C. 5), [A. S. glêd; Germ. gluth; Dan. glöd]:—red-hot embers; taka glóð af eldi, Eb. 278; þeir höfðu reykelsi á glóð, burning incense (at mass), Bs. i. 22; hann lét glóð undir fætr sér, Fs. 176; hafði glóð í hendi, Hom. 156: esp. in pl., hón tók glæðr af arni, Sturl. ii. 101, Fas. ii. 182; sitja við glæðr, to sit at the fireside; Pétr sat við glæðr ok vermdi sik, Post. 656 C. 4, Clem. 25; ganga yfir glæðr, Hom. 17; munnlaug full af glóðum, Fms. ii. 167, v. 324: the metaph. phrase, vera (ganga) á glóðum, to be as on glowing coals.
COMPDS: glóðarauga, glóðarjárn, glóðarker.
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n. a black eye.
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n. an iron plate for baking, a girdle (griddle), Am. 92, Vm. 65.
n. fire-pan.
(glóð-ker), n. a fire-pot, Fms. v. 106, Vm. 21, 83, Stj. 316, 319.
a. red as embers.
adj. red as embers, Fm. 9.
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glóð-heitr, adj. ember-hot.
m. glove.
a, m. [A. S. glôf occurs as early as Beowulf], a glove, Nj. 46, Fms. i. 246, Dipl. v. 18, Bs. i. 342, Gullþ. 6, 8, Fb. i. 529. glófaðr, part. gloved, Karl. 288. The word is no doubt borrowed from the English, and is used in the Sagas chiefly of costly embroidered gloves; another word is handski = ‘hand-shoe,’ prob. from the Germ. handschuhe; the popular words are vöttr and vetlingr.
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a, m. the name of a dwarf, Vsp.: in mod. usage freq. the name of a light-coloured dog.
m. fool.
a, m. an idiot, Glúm. 342.
m. fool.
m. an idiot, baboon, Glúm. 358, Finnb. 298, Háv. 41, Bær. 5. Gísl. 53.
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u, f. foolishness.
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ð, [glüürle, De Professer], to gleam, glare like a cat’s eyes; það glórir í e-ð.
(að), v. to explain by a gloss.
1. u, f. (for. word), a gloss, explanation, Sks. 552, Bs. i. 737: a banter, taunt (Dan. glose), mod.
2. (glósera), að, to explain by a gloss, Bs. i. 737, Sks. 7: to chatter, Fas. ii. 110.
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n. the glowing bud; poët. the gold of the tree Glasir, Bm.
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adj. light blond, of hair.
a. light-maned.
adj. light-maned, of a horse, Bs. ii. 261.
pp. with windows.
part. with windows, Ísl. ii. 402.
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f. a window-frame, (mod.)
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u, f. a window-frame, (mod.)
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n. window-curtains.
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f. a window-sash.
(-s, pl. -ar), m. opening (in a wall, roof, etc.), esp. window.
m., and gluggi, a, m., Stj. 171, 207, Fms. ix. 427, and so always in mod. use; (glyggr, m., pl. ir, Sks. 427 B, rare):—a window, Nj. 114, Eg. 420, 421, vide gler above; according to Nj. ch. 78 the windows were placed above the wall plate in the roof; gler-gluggi, skjá-g., baðstofu-g., skemmu-g., stofu-g., búr-g., eldhús-g;.
COMPDS: gluggagrind, gluggakista, gluggatjald, gluggatópt.
II. prop. an opening, a hole, Ó. H. 152; inn um þann glugg er hann hafði rofit, Fbr. 66 new Ed.; einn laup ok skar allan gluggum, he took a box and cut holes in it all over, Fms. viii. 342; var gluggr yfir ofninum, Eb. 136; létta steini af brunnsins glugga, Stj. 171. Gen. xxix. 10 (‘the well’s mouth’); marga glyggi (acc. pl.) ok smá, Sks. l. c.; höfðu þeir brotið á stóran glugg, Bárð. 180: metaph., glugga-þykn, n. dense clouds with openings in them, Grett. 114 A.
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u, f. a window-sash, Bev.
(að), v. to rattle, clatter.
1. að, to rattle, Fas. i. 91, ii. 492, Hkm. 5, Sks. 229.
2. u, f. a masc. nickname, Landn. glumra-gangr, m. rattling.
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að, to turn topsy-turvy, glundroði, a, m. topsy-turvy.
(að), v. to squander.
að, (glytra, Fms. xi. 439), to squander, Þiðr. 143, Th. 6.
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f. (glutr, n., Fms. xi. 439, Bs. i. 907), squandering, extravagance.
COMPDS: glutrmaðr, glutrsamligr, glutrsamliga.
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m. a spendthrift, Bs. i. 581.
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adv., Mar.
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glutrunar-samr, adj. dissolute, Al. 6.
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m. a bear, poët., Edda (Gl.): a pr. name, Landn.
(að), v. to becorne downcast.
að, [a Scandin. word found in Ormul. forr-gloppnedd, and Scot. and North. E. gloppen]:—the radical sense was prob. to become soft, but in usage to look downcast, let the countenance fall, as one about to cry, Fm. 31, Am. 73, Gísl. (in a verse), Eb. 60, Ó. H. 63.
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or gljúpr, adj. soft, porous, esp. of sponge or sponge-like things.
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u, f. a harlot, Edda (Gl.)
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n., dat. glyggvi, the opening of a visor. Al. 39, Karl. 473: poët. wind, gale, Lex. Poët.
(glym, glumda, glumiðr), v. to dash noisily, splash (unnir~), clatter (glumdu jöklar), rattle.
glumdi, pres. glym, to rattle, clash, plash, Str. 46: freq. in poetry of the sea or waves, vide Lex. Poët.: in prose esp. of an echo, það glumdi í klettunum, það glymr undir, or the like.
m. clatter, clash, ringing.
m. a clash, plashing, Edda 110, Skálda 169: freq. in poët. compds, esp. of wind or waves, Lex. Poët.
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að, vide glepsa, to snap, Sturl. i. 128 C.
f. pl. cat’s eyes.
f. pl. [glóra], cat’s eyes glittering in the dark, Fas. iii. 385: in mod. usage as a cant name for eyes red or blood-shot.
n. finery (kaupa glys).
n. finery, and as a trade term millinery, Fms. vi. 263, x. 30, Barl. 6, Al. 34, Stj. 78, 188, passim; gull ok glys, Edda 220; kaupa glys, Fb. iii, 175; glys fjandans, Greg. 15; glys heimsins, Hallgr., Vídal.
COMPDS: glysgjarn, glysligr, glysmang, glysmangari, glysmál, glysmáll, glyssamligr.
a. fond of finery.
adj. fond of finery, Eb. 256 (of a lady), Fas. ii. 182.
a. showy, specious.
adj. showy, specious, Fms. i. 74, ii. 135.
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n. millinery, N. G. L. iii. 159.
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a, m. a ‘finery-monger’ milliner, N. G. L. ii. 246.
n. pl. specious words.
(glys-mæli), n. pl. specious, vain words, Bjarn. 19.
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adj. flattering in one’s speech.
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adj. specious, vain, Sks. 528.
n. joy; glýja (gen. pl.) né gáðir, thou hadst no mind for joy.
n. [A. S. gleow; Engl. glee], glee, gladness, poët., Edda (Gl.)
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1. u, f. dazzling from whiteness. glýju-skin, n. dazzling light.
2. að, to be gleeful, Hðm. 7. glýjaðr, part. gleeful, Vsp. 39; fá-glyjaðr, dismal, Eyvind.
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a, m. a ‘gleeman,’ jester, Str. 68, Barl. 4.
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u, f. glitter, Sks. 229.
a. joyless.
adj. an απ. λεγ., glee-steaming, epithet of tears, Hðm. 1, cp. Homer’s θαλερόν δάκρυ.
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dd, [glóð], to sparkle; sá þeir at glæddi ór forsinum, Gullþ. 9: in mod. trans., esp. in eccl. writers, to kindle.
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dd, to glow; glæjanda frost, a sharp frost, Sks. 229.
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adj. ruffianly, ill-looking, Band. 7.
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t, dep. to transgress, do foolishly, Stj. 454, 577, Greg. 38: the phrase, g. á e-u, to do amiss in a thing, Stj. 469: mod. to make a foolish bargain, buy a pig in a poke.
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adj. full of wickedness, ungodly, Stj. 457, Mar. 449, Barl. 107.
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m. a miscreant, Fms. ii. 85, Skálda 204.
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n. a crime, Stj. 91. It is worth notice that in the heathen morals (as in the Old Test.) ‘foolish’ and ‘wicked’ are kindred words: glæpr, the derivative with changed vowel, means an evil deed, the primitive word glópr a fool; cp. also glap, glepja, which are from the same root.
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adv. wickedly, Fas. iii. 664, Fb. i. 206.
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adj. wicked, Fms. x. 334, Stj. 584, Mar. passim.
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m., gen. s, pl. ir, [glópr], crime, wickedness, Fs. 178, 180, Hkv. Hjörv. 32, Stj., Sks. passim, and freq. in mod. usage, Vídal., Pass.
COMPDS: glæpafullr, glæpamaðr, glæpamannligr, glæpaverk.
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u, f. a foolish, evil act, Fms. iii. 112, Hkr. ii. 395, Stj. 622.
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adj. righteous (sceleris purus), Fms. v. 240, Sks. 355.
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n. pl. foul language, Þorst. Síðu H. 177.
(gen. glæs), m. sea; kasta á glæ, to throw into the sea, squander; hlaupa á glæ, to run in vain.
adj. clear, e. g. of a fresh egg, = glænýr, q. v.
(gen. glæs), m. sea; kasta á glæ, to throw into the sea, squander; hlaupa á glæ, to run in vain.
m., poët. the ‘glaring,’ i. e. the sea, Lex. Poët.: in prose in the phrase, kasta á glæ, to throw into the sea, squander, Bjarn. 57, Ó. H. 38, Finnb. 250, Fms. vii. 62 (in a verse), cp. Ad. 13; hlaupa á glæ, to run in vain, Al. 181.
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u, f., in regn-g., drops of rain, Sks. 227; vide eld-glæringar.
(-ta, -tr), v. to embellish; gulli ok silfri glæstr, adorned with gold and silver.
t, to make shining, embellish, Fms. iv. 247, Bs. ii. 10: part. glæstr, splendid, embellished; gulli g., embellished with gold, gilded; halli g., painted, etc., vide Lex. Poët.
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m. a pr. name; of an ox (because of the horns), Eb. Glæsis-vellir, m. pl. a mythical local name, Hervar. S. ch. 1, Fms. iii. 183 sqq.
a. splendid, showy; specious (glæsilig orð).
adj. shining, splendid, Fms. ii. 300, Ó. H. 161, passim; g. orð, specious words, Fb. i. 76, 374.
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m. a bright, illustrious man, Edda (Gl.)
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f. pl., in orða-glæsur, fine phrases, Thom. 297.
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u, f. a glittering spot; vatns-glæta, a speck or pool of water; ljós-glæta, a gleam of light.
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(qs. glæ-gnapast), að, to go thinly clad in blast or cold.
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adj. clear, opp. to clouded, of eggs.
n. = glapræði.
n. = glapræði, a job, Band. (MS.) 9.
(acc. -van), a.
1) clear-sighted (gløggt er gests auga);
2) clear, distinct; vera ~ar greinar, to distinguish sharply; eigi er mér þat gløggt, it is not clear to me; neut., gløggt, as adv. clearly (muna, kenna gløggt);
3) stingy, close (~ við gesti).
adj. (also spelt gleggr and gleyggr), acc. glöggvan with a final v in the weak cases; compar. glöggra and glöggvari; superl. glöggstr and glöggvastr; [the prob. Goth. form is glaggvus; A. S. gleaw; Hel. glau; Scot. gleg = quick, clever; O. H. G. glaw]:—clear-sighted, and in metaph. sense clever, of things clear, distinct; ok hafa þat allt er hitsug leifir eðr glöggra er, Grág. i. 7; glöggt er gests augat, sharp (prying) is the stranger’s eye, a saying; skýring eðr glöggvari greining, a clearer distinction, Skálda 205; Stjörnu-Oddi er gleyggstr var í allri tölu ok himintungla-gangi, Rb. 90; glöggr til brjósts ok bækr, Thom. 12:—neut., skýra glöggt frá e-u, to expound distinctly, Hom. 47; eigi þarf glöggra at skýra, 52; eigi er mér þat glöggt, ‘tis not clear to me, Grett. 108; vera glöggrar greinar, to distinguish sharply, Bs. ii. 11; hón kenndi hann glöggt, she knew him well, Fms. iv. 131; Þorgnýr föður-faðir minn mundi glöggt (remembered clearly) Eirík Uppsala-konung, 162; mun ek glöggt vita hvárt rétt er ráðit eðr eigi, vii. 107; víðast af löndum spurði hann um siðu manna þá menn er glöggst vissu, Hkr. …
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m. a stingy man, Edda (Gl.), Ad. 1.
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adj. sharpness of sight, acuteness, Stj. 12.
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adv. [cp. Ulf. glaggvuba = ἀκριβως, ἐπιμελως], clearly, distinctly, Eg. 54, Fms. ii. 102, vi. 36; spyrja g. at, Fb. i. 253.
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adj. ‘clear-rouning,’ Fas. i. 212.
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adj. (glögg-skygni, f.), sharp-sighted, Nj. 77, Stj. 228.
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adv. distinctly, Str.
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adj., Stj. 228, v. l.: sharp-witted, Bs. i. 272, Eluc. 16.
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adj. clear-sighted, Bs. i. 808, v. l.: manifest, Þorf. Karl. 380.
a. quick to discern, clear-sighted.
adj. clear-sighted, quick to know or discern, Ísl. ii. 341, Vápn. 24, Ld. 274, Fb. ii. 288.
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f. a clear sight, Sks. 559 B.
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adj. = glöggþekkinn, Barl. passim.
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m. a kind of fish, Edda (Gl.)
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n. pl. blunders, as a law term. Grág. i. 10; vide glap, elli-glöp.
n. grumbling, muttering.
n. a grumbling, muttering, Bjarn. 18, Fms. x. 342, Stj. 322, 326, 330, 453, Fbr. 27 new Ed.
(að), v. to murmur, grumble.
að, to murmur, Stj. 327, Grett. 98 A (where nödduðu stands): to vex, hón gnaddar hit sama bæði dag ok dægr, ‘she pressed him daily with her words,’ Stj. 417. Judges xvi. 16.
(að), v. to gnaw (hestar gnöguðu beizlin).
að, mod. naga, but in allit. and old writers with g, as ok um grjót gnaga, Hm. 106: it was originally a strong verb, pret. gnóg, as ala ól, and is still used so in some provincial dialects of Norway, vide Ivar Aasen; hence part. gnagit, Barl. 56 (Norse); in old Icel. writers it only remains in poetry, viz. pres. gnegr, Fms. vi. 310 (in a verse of the 11th century); gengr, i. e. gnegr, Edda (A. M.) i. 68, note 12: [Engl. gnaw; Swed. gnaga; Dan. gnave]:—to gnaw; en Níðhöggr gnagar neðan rótina, Edda 10, Gm. 33; hestar gnöguðu beizlin, Karl. 376; þeir gnöguðu skjaldar-rendr, Fas. i. 425; mýss tvær gnagaðu um rætr trésins, Barl. 56.
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n., poët. high places, the high sea, Edda (Gl.): in poët. compds, gnap-hjarl, -salr, -stóll, -turn, Lex. Poët.
(-ta), v.
1) to jut or stand out;
2) to stoop or bend forward;
3) to droop the head.
t, to jut out, stoop forward; hann (the ghost) gnapti innar yfir dyrnar, Grett. 114 A; fjallit sýnisk mjök yfir gnapa öðrum fjöllum, Fms. x. 313; ef hón sæi háska eðr skaða yfir gnapa (impendere) sínu ríki, 223: to droop with the head, snapa ok gnapa, to be snubbed and droop the head, Hm. 62; gnapir grár jór yfir gram dauðum, Bkv. 6; sköltar gnöpðu, Fms. ii. 259 (in a verse); hann gnapir með hettu, Fas. iii. 494 (in a verse).
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n., poët. the sea, Edda (Gl.); prop. the ‘gnarrer,’ murmurer.
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f. a gnashing, Hom. 70.
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n. a clash (of weapons), Höfuðl.; the Engl. gnat is so called from the sound of its wings.
(að), v. to clash.
að, to clash, Vsp. 51.
n. noise, din, rattle.
(gnauðan, Bs. i. 206), f. a rustling noise, Fas. iii. 129, Ór. 56; metaph. a murmur, Grett. 98.
(að), v. to rattle, ring.
að, mod. nauða, to rustle, ring; hann lætr g. broddinn í jöklinum, of the sound of a mountaineer’s staff, Bárð. 171; gnauðaði svá at skjálfa þóttu húsin, of troops riding over the ice, Sturl. iii. 147; hence mod. nauða á e-m, to din in one’s ear.
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n., and gnaustan, f. a clash, tinkling, Hallfred, Lex. Poët.
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f. the name of a goddess, Edda: freq. in poetry, of women.
n. neighing.
n., mod. hnegg, neighing, Hrafn. 7, Al. 67, Karl. 282.
(að), v. to neigh.
að, mod. hneggja, to neigh, Hrafn. 8, Rd. 267, Stj. 78, Karl. 376, Hkv. Hjörv. 20.
(að), v. to emit sparks.
að, [mid. H. Germ. ganeiste], to emit sparks, Fms. viii. 8.
m. spark.
a, m., mod. neisti, [mid. H. Germ. ganeist; Dan. gnist; Swed. gnista; cp. the mineral gneiss, so called from its sparkling particles]:—a spark, Edda 4, Fms. iii. 193, v. 175, Sks. 204, Skálda 175: metaph., g. lífsins, Fms. x. 368. gneista-flaug, f. a shower of sparks, Bs. i. 44, Fms. iii. 180.
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gnall, gnullu, to scream; haukar þeirra gnullu leiðiliga, Karl. 376.
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m. [Chaucer’s gnarr], a knot or knob: metaph., stóð við þann gnerr nokkra daga, it stopped at that ‘gnarr,’ i. e. it lasted, for some days, Fms. viii. 263, v. l.
(griest; gnast, gnustum; gnostinn), v. to crack, clash (gnustu þá saman vápnin).
pret. gnast, pl. gnustu, [A. S. gnæstan], to crack; hlíf gnast við hlíf, Skálda (in a verse); viðir brotna eðr gnesta, 169; málmar gnustu, Hallfred; gnestr hann (the sword) hátt í þeirra hausum, Fas. i. 102: the phrase, g. í eyrum e-s, to tinkle in one’s ears; múgrinn æpti svá at gnast í eyrum borgar-manna, Stj. 360, 647. 2 Kings xxi. 12; þessi ódæmi sem öllum mönnum gnestr í eyrum, Mar.; gnustu þá saman vápnin, Sturl. iii. 174; ok gnestr í steininum, Bs. i. 601; gnast í brynjunni, Karl. 175.
a.
1) bent forward, drooping;
2) savage, fierce.
adj. jutting, bent forward; stóð höfuðit gneypt af bolnum, Eb. 244; Egill sat uppréttr ok var gneypr mjök, Eg. 304, Fas. iii. 117.
(að), v. to rub, scrape.
or niða, að, [Dan. gnide], to rub; þat var sem sviðit ok gniðat öðru-megin, hón lét telgja á lítinn flatveg þar sem gniðat var, Grett. 177 new Ed.
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u, f. a spectre, Edda (Gl.); cp. Dan. nisse = a hobgoblin.
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f., mod. nitr, f. pl. [Dan. gnid; Ivar Aasen gnit], a nit, Lat. lens.
f. peak, jutting pinnacle (on a beetling mountain).
u, f., not gnýpa, (ríp í bratta gnípu, Rekstefja 28), a peak, Fms. ii. 154, Sks. 171 C, Greg. 62, Bs. i. 360, Róm. 352.
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n. a gnashing, Nikulás-d. 56.
(-sta, -st), v.
1) g. tönnum, to gnash the teeth;
2) to snarl (of dogs);
3) ~nda frost, biting frost.
t, mod. also nista, to gnash the teeth; g. tönnum, Mar. freq., Greg. 55, Mart. 118, Fas. iii. 629 (where nísta, paper MS.); ok þeir nístu tönnum yfir honum, Acts vii. 54:—trans. to tease, mundu þér eigi gníst hafa yðvarn biskup með svá skarpri meingörðar ör, Mar. 457.
2. to snarl as a dog; þeir ýldu ok gnístu, Fms. vii. 192; við þetta spratt hundrinn upp gnístandi, iii. 13; hans hundar hversu þeir gnístu, Þíðr. 368; gnístandi frost, a biting frost, Fms. ii. 225. ☞ Nesta or nísta (q. v.), to pin, is a different word.
f. gnashing.
f. gnashing of teeth, in the phrase, óp ok tanna g., Post. 656 C. 30; spelt gnístran, Matth. viii. 12, xiii. 42, 50, xxii. 13, xxiv. 51, xxv. 30, Luke xiii. 28.
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m. a creaking, Stj. 71.
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m. a kind of seed, Edda (Gl.)
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m., Tann-g., Teeth-gnasher, one of Thor’s he-goats, Edda.
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d, to shiver; impers., tekr þeim at gnolla, Fms. xi. 136.
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or Gnoð, f., poët. name of a ship, Edda (Gl.); properly a mythical ship like the Greek Argo, Fas. iii. 406, 407, (Eg. S. Einh. fine.)
a.
1) abundant, plentiful, enough (selveiðar gnógar ok fiskifang mikit); at gnógu, sufficiently; ok vinnst oss þat at gnógu, it is enough for us; í gnóg, enough (var þar vatn í gnóg); gnógu (neut. dat.) lengi, long, enough;
2) g. um e-t, at e-u, richly furnished with (nú var hann g. orðinn um kvikfé).
adj.; in old alliterative poets gn, þess var grams und gömlum | gnóg rausn, Arnór, and so in very old MSS.; but even vellum MSS. as old as Hb., Stj., Arna-Magn. 66 (vide below), begin to drop the g, which was either lost or replaced by í (í-nógr) as in Engl. e-nough: the declension also is interesting; in old writers it has regular neut. gnógt or nógt, but later the t was dropped; an Icel. says, það er nóg rúm (room enow), the old form being gnógt rúm; the gen. has also been dropped, and so the word has become an irregular though not indeclinable adjective: again, an indeclinable nógu has been formed, nógu margr, mikill, etc., answering to Engl. enough after an adjective: [Ulf. ganôhs, = ἱκανός; A. S. genôh; Engl. enough and enow; O. H. G. ganah; Germ. genug and genung; Dan. nok; Swed. nog and noga]:—enough, sufficient, plentiful, of stores; þar er sæmðar ván er gnóg er til, Nj. 21; selveiðar gnógar ok fiski-fang mikit, Eg. 130; mundu þar fá gnógt lið, Fms. vii. 276; ok svá nógt er í fjöllum þeim gull sem grjót, Pr. 400; þat it fjórða er nógt var, which was enough by itself, Bret. …
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