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f. ‘flood-mouse,’ a fabulous animal in nursery tales, vide Ísl. Þjóðs. and Maurer’s Volksagen; the word is, however, probably only a corruption from Germ. ‘fleder-maus,’ the bat.
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m. a pit on the beach, Fs. 158.
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n. = flæðisker, Edda 48.
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a, m. flood-time, high water, Stj. 57.
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f. rocks reached by high water, Grett. 99. The word flæðr may be used as a test, to shew whether a MS. was written in the west of Icel. or not; but for authorship it is not sufficient, as copyists were apt to alter such things; thus the Gullþ. S. (a western Saga) uses flóð not flæðr; at the present day an Icel. from the west is ridiculed in other counties of Icel. for his flæðr.
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in COMPDS: flæðibakki, flæðisker.
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a, m. ‘flood-tide-banks,’ banks covered at high water, Gísl. 138, cp. 52.
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n. a skerry which is flooded at high water, Fms. ii. 142: the phrase, hann er ekki á flæði-skeri staddr, he is not on a fl., i. e. is in safety.
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f., gen. flæðar, acc. and dat. flæði, pl. flæðar, flood-tide, high water, a word used in western Icel. instead of flóð, which is used in the south, north, and east; þá var flæðrin síð dags, Eg. 600; flæðr sævar, Sturl. ii. 70; í sandi þar er flæðr gékk yfir (í flæðar-máli, Landn. l. c.), Fms. i. 248; biðu þeir flæðar, Eg. 129; af nálægð tunglsins vaxa flæðar, Rb. 478; fyrir flæðarinnar skyld, Stj. 57; at flæðum, Orkn. 428; at flæði sævar, 422; stórstraums-f., hábakka-f., smástraums-f.
COMPDS: flæðarbakki, flæðarmál, flæðarmús, flæðarpyttr, flæðarsker, flæðartími, flæðarurð.
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m. vagrancy, also a stroller.
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1. t, [flóki], to entangle: reflex., flækja fyrir e-m, to cross one’s path, Fas. iii. 380, Grett. 134.
2. u, f. entanglement.
(-da, -dr), v. to drive away ignominiously (f. e-n brott).
d, to drive away ignominiously, Mart. 119, Fms. v. 304, x. 262, Fær. 133: = slæma, q. v., Nj. 262, a bad reading: reflex. to roam about, rove, (mod.)
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n. a waste, open place.
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m. a stroller, landlouper, (mod.)
f. Flemish (language).
n, f. the Flemish language. Flæmskr, adj., and Flæmingi, a, m. Flemish, Fas. iii. 262, Bs. Laur. S., Vm. 62.
f. falsehood, deceit.
f. [flár II], falsehood, deceit, Gþl. 492, Stj. 169, 631, Hom. 86, 158, Fms. i. 74.
β. with the notion of blandness, (mod.)
COMPDS: flærðarfullr, flærðarlauss, flærðarorð, flærðarsamligr, Flærðarsenna.
m. impostor.
a, m. an impostor, Fms. viii. 235.
a. deceitful.
adj. full of deceit, Stj. 78, Fms. x. 221.
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adj. sincere, Sks. 20, 632, Bret. 82.
n. pl. false (but fair) language.
n. false (but fair) language, Fas. i. 193.
a. deceitful.
and flærðar-samr, adj. false, 625. 65, Sks. 308.
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u, f. Siren-song, name of a poem, cp. Loka-senna.
pp. adulterated, poisoned (f. er drykkrinn).
part. blended with falsehood, Fas. i. 142.
a. sincere; at flærðlausu, faithfully, honestly.
adj. = flærðarlauss, Stj. 554, Fms. viii. 239, Hom. 150.
a. false, deceitful.
adj. (-liga, adv.), false, Stj. 554, Fms. i. 59, x. 260.
a. false, deceitful.
adj. = flærðarsamr, Sks. 308 B.
(að), v. to flutter.
að, to flutter, flap, Grett. 111.
n. roaming about.
n. a roving, roaming about, = mod. flakk, Bs. i. 97.
(að), v. to roam about.
að, = flökta; fljúga ok f., Barl. 137.
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n. adj. a ‘fluttering’ feeling, nausea; mér er flökurt, I am like to be sick; flökr-leiki, a, m. a feeling rather sick, Fél.
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n. a fluttering.
(-kta, -kt), v.
1) to, flutter and fly about;
2) to roam, meander.
t, to flutter and fly about, Fas. i. 393, Greg. 79, Fms. vi. 62, x. 139.
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f. pl. flaws in iron, Eg. 184 (in a verse).
from flatr, flat.
f., pl. flatir, a plain, freq. in mod. use. Flötr, f. pl. a local name, Eb. 15 new Ed., Bs. i. 629.
(flœða, flóða; flœit, flót), v. = flýja.
ð, to fly; see flýja.
(að), v. to snort with rage.
að, [mid. H. G. phnasen], to sneeze, snort, Lat. fremere, metaph. to snort in rage, Þkv. 13, Korm. 220 (in a verse).
f. sneezing, snorting.
and fnösun, f. a sneezing, snorting, Fas. i. 519 (in a verse).
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a, m. a craven, Edda (Gl.), Fms. xi. 141, Mork. 148, used only in poetry.
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mod. hnjóskr, m. [Swed. fnöske, cp. Swed. fnas = husk]:—touchwood, Fms. vii. 225: metaph., synda-f., Mar. 23; fnjóskr eðr kveyking, id.; hence local names in Icel., as Fnjóska-dalr, Fnjósk-á, Landn., Eggert Itin.
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adj. dry as touchwood.
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m., also spelt nykr, [cp. Dan. fnug = = an atom, a light substance; Swed. fnugg]:—a stench, Bs. ii. 5 (spelt snykr); þá slöri illum fnyk (MS. fnycc) af líkamanum, Fms. x. 379 (Ágrip); fnykr ok fýla, 213; nykr ok fýla, Bs. i. 199; þar til er út ferr fnykr (MS. frykr) um nasar yðrar, Stj. 323, Numb. xi. 20, Barl. 86, v. l.
(-ta, -t), v. to sneeze; ~ eitri, to blow out poison.
(and older form fnœsa, Fm. 18, Gkv. 1. 27; fnœstu, Þd. 5), t, [Swed. fnysa; Dan. fnyse]:—to sneeze, Lat. fremere: with dat., fnýsa eitri, to blow out poison, Fms. i. 160, Fm., Gkv., Þd. l. c.; fnýsa blóði, Hkr. i. 86 (in a verse).
(-s, -ar), m. = fugl.
m. a fowl, vide fugl.
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n. [fjúka], spray, any light thing tossed about by the wind; hey-fok, fjaðra-fok, hay, feathers tossed about:—a snow-drift = fjúk, Bjarn. 51.
COMPDS: fokreiðr, foksandr.
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adj. wroth, frantic.
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m. drift-sand.
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part. foaled; in ný-folaðr, O. H. L.
n. young fool.
n. a young foal, Lv. 93, Sturl. i. 144.
f. earth; á foldu (dat.) on earth.
f. [A. S. folde; cp. Engl. field, Germ. feld], a field of soft grass; flata-foldir, fields, Bs. ii. 79; hence fyldinn, adj., q. v. Foldir, f. pl. local name of a grassy oasis in western Icel.; rare in prose, but freq. in poetry:—generally the earth, Alm. 11, Vsp. 57, Hým. 24, Haustl. 5, Edda 97 (in a verse); á foldu, on earth, Hyndl. 40.
II. the name of a fjord and county in Norway, the modern Christjania-fjord; Vest-fold, West-fold, a county; perhaps ‘fold’ is to be taken in this sense, viz. = fjörðr in Hm. 138.
m. = fold.
m. = fold, Vtkv. 3.
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a, m. [A. S. fola; Germ. füllen; Dan. fole; Swed. fåle]:—a foal, freq.: in a phrase, Gísl. 27: of a camel, Stj. 183; asna-foli, Sams. 15. fola-fótr, m. a nickname, Fms. vii. 51.
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m. [for. word; Lat. fons], a font, Vm. 6, 52, K. Á. 20, H. E. i. 480, Stj. 289, Pm. 126.
COMPDS: fontklæði, fontkross.
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n. a font-cover, Vm. 4, B. K. 83.
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m. the cross on a font, Vm. 103, 117.
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f., pl. forar, a drain, sewer; í forum þeim er hann grefr, Grág. Kb. ch. 187; stíflur (dikes) eða forar (drains, ditches) er hann hefir görvar með vatns-veitingum, Grág. ii. 289: in mod. usage, a cess-pit, bæjar-for, hland-for; for og bleyta, mud and dirt.
n.
1) dangerous place or situation, abyss, pit;
2) ogre, monster (þú ert et mesta ~).
n., in pl. foruð or foröð, mod. foræði, a dangerous place, precipice, abyss, pit; allt er feigs forað, Sl.; elta e-n á forað, Grág. ii. 117, 120, 157, Bs. i. 200, Gg. 15, Gþl. 393, 411, N. G. L. i. 342, Vápn. 8, Blas. 46, Thom. 256, Fsm. 9, 40; fallanda f. (stumbling-block) þresköldr hennar, Edda (Gl.): freq. in mod. usage, a bog, quagmire, morass, esp. in the allit. phrase, fen og foræði, fens and bogs.
β. metaph. a dangerous situation; vera í foraði, Fms. ix. 517; kom hann sér í mikit forað, 623. 15; in Post. Luke xvi. 26 is rendered by forað (N. T. djúp).
γ. a bugbear, ogre, monster; hann er et mesta forað, Edda 42; Mystus heitir forað, Pr. 472; þú ert et mesta forað, Nj. 176: cp. the saying, foruðin sjásk bezt við, cp. also the Germ. ‘ein fuchs riecht den andern,’ Orkn. 308: in COMPDS, horribly, awfully; foraðs-hár, adj. terribly tall, Fms. iii. 124. foraðs-íllr, adj. abominable, Ísl. ii. 162. foraðs-ligr, adj. awful, Thom. 256. foraðs-veðr, n. abominable weather. Sturl. ii. 50, Bjarn. 54, 56, Post. …
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m. abominable nature, Stj. 483. 1 Sam. xxv. 25.
f. pretext; finna e-t til foráttu, to plead as one’s excuse.
u, f., an older form forurtir, contr. foróttir, f. pl. occurs,—forutta-laust, Grág. i. 329, 377 (Kb. ii. 42 forótta-laust), 468; forátta-laust, Kb. i. 133, 136; but forátta, Nj. 15, Eb. 40: [Ulf. fra-waurhts = ἁμαρτιά; the etymology of the word seems to be ‘for’ in a privative sense, and ‘verk,’ cp. A. S. forwyrht = peccatum; in the Icel. it is used as a law term]:—a cause of forfeiture, an act whereby the other party has ‘forfeited’ his right, but it is not used in a criminal sense = Germ. verbrechen; ef honum þykkja forurtir til þess, Grág. l. c.: the phrase, forótta-laust or forurta-laust (foryfta-laust, N. G. L. i. 29, is a false reading), sine causa legali, Grág. l. c.: chiefly in divorce cases, the phrase, finna til foráttu, to plead as an excuse, Nj., Eb. l. c.
II. in mod. usage = forað; foráttu-brim, foráttu-veðr, n. a heavy surf, strong gale, etc.
m. wizard, sorcerer.
m. an execrable man, Fms. xi. 432.
m. witchcraft, sorcery.
m. witchcraft, sorcery, Hom. 86, Bs. ii. 97, N. G. L. i. 182, defined K. Þ. K. 76:—objects used for sorcery, N. G. L. i. 351.
n. execrable deed.
n. an execrable crime (slaying a man asleep), Vígl. 86 new Ed.
(að), v.
1) to put forth (forðuðu fingrum);
2) to save, f. fjörvi, lífi, f. sér, to save one’s life;
3) refl., ~st, to shun, avoid, escape; f. fund e-s, to shun one.
að, prop. to ‘forth’ oneself, help oneself forth or forward, esp. to save one’s life, escape danger, with dat.; forða sér, Fms. i. 72, v. 87, Eg. 70, Finnb. 320, Magn. 458; haltú undan ok f. þér, Fb. iii. 407; forða fjörvi, lífi, to save one’s life, Hbl. 12, Fms. vi. 46, Grág. ii. 13: with a double dat., to be ware of a thing, sál mín þér fári f., Pass. 11. 9, 16. 10; but usually, forða sér fyrir e-u, or við e-u.
β. hví forðar þú enni hægri hendinni, why withholdest than thy right hand? 623. 17.
II. reflex. to shun, escape, avoid, the thing avoided in acc., Fs. 180; forðask fund e-s, to shun one, Eb. 92, Fms. ii. 136; forðask forlögin, Fs. 24; ekki má f. þá (nothing can escape them) hvárki menn né dýr, Fms. i. 9: in pass. sense, Sks. 331 B: absol. to escape, Edda 21, Nj. 43, Fms. x. 290.
m. help, aid.
a, m. respite; skammr f., a short respite, Fms. viii. 154, v. l.: in mod. usage, stores, viands; lífs f., what supports life, a livelihood,—this sense seems not to occur in old writers; hence forða-búr, n. a store-house.
adv. formerly; f. daga, in former days.
adv. [akin to fjörð, q. v.], aforetime, formerly, once, erst, Stj. 121, Fms. x. 413, Sks. 108; forðum daga, in former days, Fms. i. 141, ii. 183, vi. 38; ungr var ek forðum, young was I once, Hm. 46: freq. in mod. usage, but esp. in the sense of yore, in days of old; the saying, þrysvar varð allt forðum, Sturl. iii. 253; cp. ‘all good things come in threes.’
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a, m. a bell-wether, Bb. 3. 55; eins og forinn feitr, a ditty.
(pl. -jar), m. leader.
a, m., gen. ja, pl. jar, a leader, captain, Fær. 106, Hom. 111, Fs. 57, Vápn. 25, Bs. i. 48, Fms. iv. 147, v. 295; hers-f., liðs-f., a captain of troops; skips-f., a ship’s captain.
(að), v. to punt (a ship).
að, to ‘fork’ or punt a ship, push it on with a pole, Nj. 273, Fas. ii. 360.
(-s, -ar), m. pole, staff, stick.
m. [for. word; Lat. furca], a fork, pole, Landn. 154: a punting pole, Eg. 220, Fms. vii. 195, viii. 337, ix. 24, 257, passim, Ld. 56, it occurs even in a verse of the 10th century in Landn. 3. 14 (if the verse be genuine): a fork to eat with is in Icel. called gaffall, a mod. word borrowed from Germ. gabel, Dan. gaffel.
n. form, shape (rare).
n. [Lat. forma], form, shape, 655 xxxii. 17, 18, xxv. 1, Rb. 360, Fms. xi. 436, (rare.)
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adj. without a leader, H. E. i. 562.
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m. leadership, Stj. 50.
a. leader-like.
adj. leader-like, Fms. vii. 63, Valla L. 203.
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að, mod. forma, vide áforma, (Lat. word), to form, Stj. 14, 20, Bs. ii. and Mar. passim, Magn. 478, Dipl. iii. 5.
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f. form, shape, Stj. 5, 12.
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a, m. (Lat. word), the case in which the chalice is kept, Vm. 29, Pm. 71. forma-dúkr, m. id., Pm. 40.
a.
1) old (f. vinátta, f. mjóðr);
2) ancient; fornir menn, the men of old; f. siðr, the old (heathen) custom, religion; f. átrúnaðr, the old creed, heathenism; f. í skapi, inclined to old, or heathen, ways; hann var f. mjök, he was a great wizard; at fornu, til, forna, formerly, in times fast.
adj. [Ulf. fairnis = παλαιός; A. S. fyrn; Hel. furn; Swed. forn; lost in Engl.]:—old; forn vinátta, Eg. 729; forn fjándskapr, old enmity, Nj. 49; forn rök, Ls. 25; fornt vín, old wine, Pr. 472; en forna fold, the old earth, Hým. 24; forn timbr, the old timbers, Akv. 42: inn forni fjándi, the old fiend, Satan, 686 C. 2; forn jötunn, the old giant, Hým. 13; fornar tóptir, old abodes. Gm. 11: stores preserved from the past year are called forn, forn mjöðr, old mead, Skm. 37; fornari hey, K. Þ. K. 163.
2. with the notion of old, worn, rotten, or the like; byrðings-segl várt hið forna, Fms. iv. 259; forn mörr, Bjarn. 29 (in a verse).
3. old, in temp. sense; in the Icel. Commonwealth the old priesthoods were called forn goðorð and forn goðorðsmaðr, an old priest, opp. to the priesthoods instituted along with the Fifth Court, which were termed ‘new.’
4. time-honoured, old; forn lög, forn lands-siðr, Bs. i. 682.
5. at fornu, formerly, in times past, Eg. 767, K. Á. 152, D. I. i. 635; til forna, id. …
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m., see fórnaðr.
1. m., in the phrase, at fornaði, furthermore, Fms. ix. 27, Grág. (Kb.) ii. 85, 145, where Sb. umfram.
2. part. worn; f. búnaðr, Hkr. i. 90.
f.
1) old times;
2) heathenism;
3) oldlore, witchcraft (fara með forneskju).
u, f. the old heathen time, ‘heathenesse;’ ágætis-mönnum þeim er verit hafa í forneskju, Fms. viii. 6; f. klæða-búnaðr, old-fashioned gear, vii. 321. forneskju-legr, adj. antique looking.
II. old lore, witchcraft, Grett. 144, Ísl. ii. 391, Nj. 273; f. ok fjölkyngi, Fms. ii. 134; fremja forneskju, Grett. 150; fara með f., Orkn. 136. forneskju-maðr, m. a sorcerer, Orkn. 136.
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n. an old deed.
a. old and worn-out.
mod. forn-fáligr, adj. old and worn out, Fms. iii. 166.
a. skilled in old lore, versed in witchcraft.
adj. skilled in old lore, in a bad sense, of sorcery, Fbr. 163: mod. learned in old things.
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f. old lore (of witchcraft), Fms. iii. 90.
β. archæology, (mod.)
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m. an antiquarian, a scholar in old lore, (mod.)
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adj. of old standard value, Dipl. v. 20, Ann. 1392.
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m. pl. antiquities. forngripa-safn, n. a collection of antiquities, (mod.)
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part. time-honoured, Hallfred.
m. ancient king.
m. an ancient king, Fms. ii. 138, ix. 455, Fs. 21, Skálda 194.
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n. part. said of old, epithet of old saws, Eg. 520; satt er hit fornkveðna, svá ergisk hverr sem eldisk, Fær. 218, passim; það finnst á mér sem fornkveðit er, að fátt segir af einum, a ditty.
n. old poem.
n. an old poem, Edda 135.
β. a ballad, vide danz.
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f. pl. old relics, antiquities, (mod.)
a. old-looking, old-fashioned; fornlig fræði, old lore.
adj. old, with the notion of worn out, decayed, Fær. 186, Pm., Fms. ii. 142, Fas. ii. 300; fræði f., old lore, Fms. iii. 90.
m. man of the olden time.
m. a man of the olden time: forn-menn, m. pl. the ancients, in many compds: the old biographies of the kings of Norway edited 1825 sqq. are by the editors (less correctly) called Fornmanna-sögur, instead of the true old name Konunga-sögur or Konunga-æfi.
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f. pl. old relics, antiquities, (mod.)
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n. a man of the olden time, Fms. ii. 59.
n. old saw.
n. an old saw, Fas. iii. 365.
pp. = fornkveðinn.
part. = fornkveðit, Fms. vi. 4.
a. swearing.
adj. using old phrases, (mod.)
II. swearing, Bs. i. 712.
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part. composed in olden time, Þiðr. 2.
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n. pl. old writings, (mod.)
f. old (mythical) tale.
u, f. an old tale, esp. of the mythical age, Fas. i. 417 (v. l.), Eg. 698: mod. forn-sögur, old legends.
n. ancient scald.
n. an ancient scald or poet. Edda 124, 135, Al. 48.
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f. an old scroll, Vm. 122.
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u, f. = fornskrá, Fas. iii. 237, v. l.
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m. an old wise-man, Stj. 377.
n. pl. old lore.
n. pl. old spells, old lore, Vsp. 1.
pp., gera e-n fornspurðan at e-u, to do a thing without asking one’s leave.
part., in the phrase, göra e-n fornspurðan at e-u, or göra e-t at e-m fornspurðum, to do a thing without asking one’s leave, Fas. i. 48.
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m. an old song, Þiðr. 181.
n. pl. old tales.
n. pl. old tales, Hkr. i. 269, Fms. vii. 97, Ht. R. 2.
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part.; stígr f., an old trodden path, Fas. iii. 279.
m. oldfriend.
m. an old friend, Fas. ii. 422.
n. old saw.
n. old words or saws; an archaism; hulin foryrðin, Lil. 98. fornyrðis-lag or fornyrða-lag, n. a kind of old metre: this word is an απ. λεγ. in Edda lit., whence it has spread into mod. use, but it is better called kviðu-háttr: mod. an archaism.
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part. archaizing.
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f. the olden time, mythical age: Fornaldar-sögur, f. pl. mythical stories, (mod.)
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adj. forward; of sljór eðr of forr, too slow or too forward, Thom. 279:—haughty, forr ok framhvass, 180; harðla forr, ef nökkut reis við, id.:—as adv. quickly, vinna fort, to work eagerly, Bs. ii. 93; snúast fort, to whirl (as a wheel or a spindle), 443 (in a verse): the mod. phrase, fara fort (of fort) í e-t, to go too far (too keenly) into a thing.
m. manager, head man; forráðamaðr á skipi, captain of a ship.
and forráðs-maðr, m. a manager, warden, Grág. ii. 405, Vm. 108; f. kristninnar, the leaders of the church, 656 C. 17, Hom. 95; f. ok höfðingi, Ver. 18, Hkr. i. 83; f. á skipi, the captain of a ship, Landn. 56.
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u, f. a female manager, Hom. (St.)
I)
n. vehemence, wrath.
II)
(pl. -ar), m. waterfall.
1. n. wrath, rage, ire; snúa fors í frið, grimd í grið, 655 xxxii. 24, Bs. ii. 97; með forsi, haughtily, Sturl. iii. 144, Pass. 13. 2; ferr erkibiskup í fors mikit, he fell into great wrath, Fms. xi. 441; fors ok atköst, Fas. iii. 91; fors ok ílska, Stat. 398.
COMPDS: forsfullr, forsligr, forsmaðr.
2. mod. foss, m., prob. akin to the preceding word and forr, [Swed.-Dan. foss, North. E. force; a test word of Scandin. language and origin; cp. the curious passage in Constant. Porph. De Admin. Imperii, ch. 9, where the Byzantine author gives some names of waterfalls in Russia in two languages, ρωσιστί and σκλαβινιστί (Russian and Slavonic), with a Greek translation; ρωσιστί, a waterfall, being called βορσί or φόρος (e. g. οὐλ-βορσί = Icel. Hólm-fors, βαρου-φόρος = Icel. Báru-fors), whereas σκλαβινιστί it is called πραχ, i. e. porog or prag: Constantine in another passage states that the Russians were Teutonic or ‘Franks:’ the Garðar (Russia Minor) of that time was in fact a Scandin. country; even the name Russia is by some (P. A. Munch) explained as Scandin., afterwards adopted for the whole empire; …
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að, to stream in torrents: to be enraged, Mar.
a.
1) improvident;
2) helpless.
adj. helpless, Njarð. 380.
n. want of foresight.
n. want of foresight, Bret. 38, Grett. 95, Fms. viii. 364.
m. overseer, manager.
m. a warden, overseer, Stj. 243, Fms. i. 290, x. 421, Sturl. i. 198.
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m. a manager, Ver. 36, Rb. 404.
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adj. coarse and abusive.
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m. name of a valley, Landn.
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f. a mortgaged estate, N. G. L. i. 214.
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a, m. a mortgage contract, Gþl. 304.
a. wrathful, vehement.
adj. wrathful, insolent, Grett. 106 A.
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adj. (-liga, adv.), insolent, Bs. ii. 66.
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ð, to lower one’s pride, Stj. 621.
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m. an angry man, Korm. 80.
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n. adj., in the phrase, segja, lofa f., to state, promise without reserve, positively,
n. word of contradiction.
f. words of contradiction, Bs. ii. 23.
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vide forysta.
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m. a bell-wether, Grág. i. 503, Ísl. ii. 330.
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m. = forustugeldingr, Ísl. ii. 87, Bs. i. 138.
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n. an απ. λεγ. in the eccl. law of the county Víkin or Borgarþing, a coast district in the south of Norway, N. G. L. i. 339, 363, where the law orders that a monster child (i. e. an abortion, a birth without human shape) shall be brought to a place ‘forve,’ and buried where neither man nor beast comes by; þat skal á forve (forre, v. l.) fœra ok röyra (put in a cairn) þar er hvárki gengr yfir menn né fénaðr, þat er forve (forfue, v. l.) hins ílla. In N. G. L. i. 13 it is ordered that felons (e. g. traitors, murderers, self-murderers, etc.) were not to be buried in consecrated soil, but in the ‘flood-mark where sea and green turf meet;’ cp. the curious story in Landn. 2. 19, where the Christian lady Auda ordered herself to be buried between high and low water mark (í flæðarmáli), as she would not rest in heathen earth; so, on the other hand, a monster child must not rest in Christian earth. Thus forve is probably derived from fyrva, q. v., to ebb, and denotes the flood-mark or beach in which the grave was to be dug; the concluding words, þat er forve hins ílla, probably mean this place is the forve of the evil one, i. e. an unhallowed place. …
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a. unprotected.
adj. without a leader or protector, Fs. 8, Ld. 260, Bær. 17, Dropl. 32.
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n. (for. word), intention; með vilja eðr f., H. E. i. 561.
β. in mod. usage = Germ. veracht, contempt.
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að, [Germ. verachten], to despise, scorn, (mod. word.)
m. furtherance.
a, m. furtherance, Eg. 162, 163, 568, Hkr. i. 189, Bs. ii. 80.
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f. a foreboding, Stj. 81.
n. projecting rock.
n. a projecting rock, Grett. 141, Fas. iii. 257.
adv. down-hill.
adv. down-hill, Hkv. 1. 41.
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part. blinded, Pass. 34. 3.
n. prohibition (leggja ~ á e-t).
n. a foreboding, Fms. vii. 157.
II. eccl. an interdict, the Germ. verbot, K. Á. 46, 62, 226, H. E. ii. 75.
(að), v.
1) to forbid (= fyrirbjóða);
2) to put under an interdict.
að, to forbid, Germ. verbieten, esp. eccl. to put under an interdict, K. Á. 44, 108, Bs. i. 141, Sturl. i. 123, ii. 4, H. E. i. 466.
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f. an interdict, H. E. i. 419.
adv. down-hill.
adv. down-hill, Grett. 134.
a. n. down-hill.
n. adj. down-hill, Fms. ii. 98, Lv. 112.
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brant, to transgress, Vidal.
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f. pl. imprecations, Ísl. ii. 220, Fas. iii. 205.
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að, [Germ. verderben], to disgrace, Art. 73, Fas. iii. 289: reflex. to disgrace oneself, Stj. 144, H. E. i. 514: mod. to spoil, destroy.
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f. destruction.
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m. what is drawn before, a veil, Thom. 455.
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dreif, [Germ. vertreiben], to drive away, Clar. 19, Fb. i. 402.
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m. a curtain, Vm. 10, 22, 29.
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adj. equipt, Fms. x. 139, (for. word.)
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f. [dul], conceit, vanity, show, Pass. 32. 3.
n. vestibule (= anddyri).
n. a ‘fore-door,’ vestibule, Fms. viii. 14, Orkn. 368 old Ed.
f. witch, sorceress.
u, f. [for- negative and dáð = an ‘evil-doer,’ cp. Germ. ‘missethat;’ the etym. given in Js. (Gl.) is inadmissible; only used as a law term]:—a witch, sorceress, in the worst sense, N. G. L. i. 70, 342, 351, Ls. 32, Korm. (in a verse), Grett. 108 new Ed.; bölvuð f., accursed witch! Fms. xi. 435.
COMPDS: fordæðumaðr, fordæðuskapr, fordæðuverk.
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d, to condemn, Germ. verdammen, Rb. 338, K. Á. 224, Bs. ii. 159: eccl., Stj. 151, N. T. passim.
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f., esp. eccl. damnation, Germ. verdammung, Stj. 151, Anecd. 28.
n. coll. = forellrar (úlíkir sínu ~).
or foreldri, n., later forellrar, mod. foreldrar, m. pl. (inserting d); masc. foreldrar occurs Nj. 224; forellar (eliding the r), Fms. x. (Ágrip), 410, 413, 418; [Germ. vorältern]:—forefathers, elders, ancestors, in old writers always in this sense; feðr ok forellri. Stj. 240, Fms. i. 34; úlikir sínu forellri, 195; um þat bregðr mér til forellris míns, vii. 64; enir fyrri forellrar várir, Ó. H. 69; frændr ok forellrar, id.; frænda ok forellra, Fms. i. 33; sumir hans forellrar, viii. 101; faðir ok forellar, x. 418:—eccl. predecessors, H. E. i. 512. forellris-menn, m. pl. forefathers, Fms. ix. 334, Fas. i. 351, Stj. 63, 139, Barl. passim.
II. in mod. usage, parents, and only in masc. pl. foreldrar; this sense occurs as early as the N. T. (vide feðgin), but is unknown to older writers.
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u, f. desolation, N. T.
m.
1) forefather;
2) predecessor.
m. a forefather, Stj. 124; chiefly in pl., Edda (pref.), Stj. 128, freq. in mod. use:—eccl. a predecessor, H. E. i. 514, 655 xxxii. 2.
n. hindrance, drawback.
n. a let, hindrance, esp. in pl. as a law phrase, Gþl. 102, H. E. ii. 82: a drawback, Fas. ii. 466. forfalla-laust, n. adj. and adv. = in case that there be no let or hindrance, Jb. 222, Gþl. 13, K. Á. 22, H. E. i. 516: in N. G. L. i. 351 it is used = without legal cause = foráttu-laust.
II. sing. a bed-curtain, Edda (Gl.), Ed. Arna-Magn. ii. 494; hann brá upp forfalli, ok sá at þar lá madr, Mag. 1: used as masc. (for-fallinn), El. 24.
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part. painted, whitewashed, Gr. κεκονιαμένος, Matth. xxiii. 27.
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n. pl. ‘fore-parents,’ Stj. 134.
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f. a side-board, Str.
a. exiled fugitive; verða ~ fyrir e-m, to flee before one.
adj. exiled, fugitive, Fms. i. 212, Eg. 284: a landlouper, Stj. 43: flight, Bs. ii. 66; far-flótti, q. v., is not so good a reading.
f. ‘going before’, help, support.
1. gékk, [Germ. vergeben], to perish, Ann. 1368, 1412, N. T.
2. u, f. [A. S. fore-gengd], a ‘going before,’ help, Hkr. ii. 122. forgöngu-kona, u, f., Mar., Stj. forgöngu-maðr, m. a guide (either man or woman), leader, Hkr. iii. 103, Th. 15.
m. ‘going before’, help, support.
m. = forganga, Háv. 57. forgangs-maðr, m. a leader, Hkr. i. 274, Fms. i. 299, vii. 138.
m. fore-court (of a house); vera á forgörðum, to be wasted and squandered, of stores.
m. a ‘fore-yard,’ the fore-court of a house, Fsm. 2, 3: the metaph. phrase, vera á forgörðum (mod. fara að forgörðum), of stores, to go out of doors, i. e. to be wasted and squandered, Fas. iii. 51.
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adv. [Germ. vergebens], in vain, (mod.)
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n. an απ. λεγ. = Lat. praefatio, a preamble, 625. 90.
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u, f. laying a trap for, Thom. 159.
f. payment for alimentation.
f. payment for alimentation, = mod. meðgjöf, Sd. 149, Fms. vi. 298, vii. 112, Fas. ii. 438, Fs. 29, 64. forgiptar-laust, adj. without costs, 655 xx. 4.
II. [Germ. vergift], poison, Bb. 3. 68, but in this sense it can scarcely be called an Icel. word.
m. hostage.
m. a hostage, Karl. 79.
(að), v. to give (a person) as hostage.
að, to give as hostage, Karl. 57, O. H. L. 65.
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adj. exceeding good, Safn i. 92.
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greip, [A. S. forgrípan; Germ. vergreifen], to do amiss.
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part. (Germ. word), gilded, Vm. 21, 39, Pm. 120, Dipl. iii. 4.
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adj. skilful in handicraft, Stj. 22.
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and for-hertr, part. hardened.
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m. the fore part of a cave, Sams. 19.
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t, to harden, the Bible passim, [cp. A. S. for-heard, very hard.] for-herðing, f. hardness of heart, Bible.
n.; hafa e-n at ~, to use one as a cat’spaw.
n. a ‘fore-leaping,’ in the phrase, hafa e-n at forhleypi, or at forhleypis-manni, to use one as a ‘fore-leaper,’ i. e. as a cat’s paw, Nj. 224, Sturl. i. 181.
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adj. exceeding valiant, Lex. Poët.
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adj. quite tottering, Thom. 478.
f. design, purpose.
f. forethought, Bs. ii. 40, 76. for-hugsaðr, part. musing.
n. porch.
n. a porch, Eb. 220, Fms. viii. 360, v. l., H. E. i. 510.
n. fodder (hay) thrown before cattle.
n. throwing (hay) before cattle, Ísl. ii. 141.
f. church-porch.
u, f. a church-porch, Stj. 562, Sturl. ii. 59.
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part. (Germ. word), glorified, Rb. 312.
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f. transfiguration.
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að, dep., in the Icel. N. T. to be transfigured, Mark ix. 1.
adv. very finely.
adv. (-ligr, adj.), very finely, Grett. 154 new Ed.
m. leader, chief.
m. a ‘fore-bolt,’ metaph. a head, chief, Al. 127; the reading gjörkólfr in Eb. 86 is prob. false.
(gen. -kunnar), f. eager desire; e-m er forkúðr á e-u, one desires eagerly; gen., forkunnar, remarkably, exceedingly (forkunnar vænn, mikill).
f. [kunna], eagerness to learn, curiosity; var mönnum nú f. á skemtan, Ísl. ii. 326; þá hluti er þeim er f. á at vita, Orkn. 100 old Ed., 138 new Ed. reads forvitni: gen. forkunnar- in compds means remarkably, exceedingly; f. margir, Ísl. ii. 226; f. mjök, Orkn. 332; f. vel, Eg. 253, Nj. 230, v. l.; f. væn, Fms. i. 70; f. fagr, Edda 46: with a subst., forkunnar orð, eloquent words, Hom. (St.)
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adv. = forkunnliga, Clem. 127.
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adj. eager to learn; vóru allir f. at heyra orð hans, Clem. 52.
adv.
1) fervently (biðja ~);
2) exceedingly (~ fríðr).
adv., prop. remarkably, exceedingly; f. væn, Rb. 404, Joh. 623. 15; f. fríðr, Fms. i. 212; f. fljótr, viii. 382; f. vel, Grett. 154 new Ed.; sverð búit f., Eb. 226; biðja f., to beg ardently, Sks. 616.
a. excellent.
adj. remarkable, beautiful, Hkr. ii. 73, Fms. x. 319.
n.
1) provision for living, means of subsistance;
2) settlement (in life, by marriage);
3) pl. forlög, fate, destiny.
n. what is ‘laid’ up:
I. esp. in sing. provision for living, a livelihood, Bs. i. 137, Fms. vi. 304; urðu þaðan í frá góð forlög manna, Bs. i: metaph. of marriage, Ísl. ii. 416, 453: fate in store for one = forlög, Lv. 33, Glúm. 333. forlags-eyrir, m. livelihood, Gþl. 259, 442, N. G. L. i. 52: means, Jb. 166.
II. in pl. for-lög, n., properly ‘fore-law;’ hence law or fate, destiny, cp. ör-lög and lög; the word is not very freq. in old writers, and chiefly occurs in Sagas such as Vd., Flóam. S., in old poetry only in Km. 23, but rare in genuine heathen Sagas; the very word conveys some Christian notion; örlög and sköp are solely heathen, e. g. Hm. 55; this distinction is rightly marked in a ditty of Pal Vídalín—forlög koma ofan að | örlög kringum sveima | álögin úr ymsum stað | en ólög fæðast heima; in mod. usage forlög is current, but orlög, sköp, obsolete; þetta mun vera forlög hennar, Glúm. 333; Hákon kvaðsk þá heyra vilja forlög sin, … ef þú vilt vita forlög þín, Orkn. 140, Fs. 19; úhægt mun forlögin at flýja, 20; eigi mundi tjóa at brjótask við forlögunum, id. …
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pp. done with, forlorn.
part. done with, forlorn, Þorst. St. 51.
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n. forgiveness, Karl. 552, Pass. 31. 16.
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lét, to forgive, with dat.
II. to forsake, [A. S. forlætan], with acc., N. T., Pass.
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u, f. rent paid in advance, N. G. L. i. 241.
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a, m. insolence, Mar. 275.
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m. the fore part of a sock, N. G. L. iii.
n. the land between sea and hills.
n. ‘fore-land,’ the land between sea and hills, Finnb. 242, Bs. ii. 25, Orkn. 324; now undir-lendi.
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a, m. a leader, Nj. 192, v. l., = fyrir-liði.
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adv. vehemently; f. reiðr, Thom. 204; vide forr.
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adj. vehement, insolent, Thom.
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f. = fyrirlitning, Thom. 408.
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f. reconciliation (the Gr. καταλλαγή), Rom. v. 11.
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að, dep. [cp. Germ. vergleichen], to come to terms, Sturl. iii. 232: in mod. Icel. law, in all but criminal cases, the litigants have to appear (in person or by delegates) before two or more ‘peace-makers’ or umpires called forlíkunar-menn,—usually the parson and one or more of the chief men of the parish; the office of the peace-makers is to try to bring about a friendly settlement called forlíkan, and this meeting is often repeated; only after a forlíkan has been tried in vain, can the case be taken before a law-court; by this judicious proceeding more than half the quarrels are nipped in the bud; there seems to be nothing like this in the old law, and the custom was probably borrowed from Denmark. There is a saying, ‘a lean forlíkan is better than a fat lawsuit.’
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adj. exceeding small, Mar. 195.
a. exceedingly ugly.
adj. exceeding ugly, Bs. i. 802.
(-tta, -ttr), v. to blame.
tt, to blame, Fms. viii. 4.
n. pl., see forlag.
n. pl. fate, vide forlag II.
m. leader, chief; ~ konunga, the foremost among kings.
m.
I. a ‘fore-man,’ captain, Fms. vii. 246. ix. 348, xi. 243, 402, Nj. 43, Magn. 486:—a master, ruler, Edda (pref.); formaðr konunga, the foremost among kings, Fms. ii. 292; f. annars fólks, the foremost man of other folk, vi. 38.
COMPDS: formannslauss, formannsskapr.
II. mod. the foreman or captain in a fishing vessel or boat; in many compds, e. g. formanns-hlutr, m. the captains share (of the fish caught).
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n. a preface, preamble, 625. 90.
m.
1) preamble;
2) stipulation (með þvílíkum formála, sem);
3) foreword;
4) prayer.
a, m. a preamble, Eg. 389, 390, 552; konungr skipaðisk eigi við slíkan formála; Fms. vii. 65; á hverjum gistingar-stað hafði hann (the bishop) formála sjálfr, i. e. saying grace, prayers, or the like, Bs. i. 140: a stipulation, condition, með þvílíkum formála sem …, Fms. i. 90, Str. 55: a preface, rendering of the mid. Lat. praefatio; in mod. usage, the preface to a book = Germ. vorwort, vorrede.
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f. [Germ. vermögen], means, wealth, (mod.)
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a, m. a head-master, Edda (pref.)
pp. well trained, highly skilled.
part. well-trained, highly skilled, Finnb. 290; f. á járnsmíð, Fms. xi. 427, Bs. i. 681, 850, ii. 32.
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f. a symbol, Stj. 281.
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t, [Germ. vermerken], to perceive, N. T., Pass. 12.
f. matins.
u, f. ‘fore-mass,’ matins, Fms. vii. 145, viii. 174, ix. 48, Dipl. iii. 4, v. 18.
a. exceedingly great.
adj. exceeding great, Bs. ii. 8.
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f. a ‘fore-mother,’ ancestress, Stj. 141.
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a, m. [Germ. vormund], a ward, of a minor.
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f. an eclipse.
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að, dep. to be eclipsed.
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t, to appoint, El. 21.
II. to curse, with dat., N. T.
(pl. -endr), m. spokesman.
part. a spokesman, Hm. 24, 62, Stj. 157, Fms. ii. 45.
m. spokesman.
a, m. id., Fms. v. 241.
n.
1) pleading; veita e-m ~, to plead for one, pray for one;
2) prescribed form, formula.
n. pleading, Stj. 603, Fms. vii. 39, Sd. 155, Bs. i. 168: a prescribed form, formula, Grág. ii. 249, Stj. 342:—eccl. saying pravers, tíðir ok f., Bs. i. 167; in Vm. 6 it seems to mean the mass or liturgy, = formæla-bók, f. a book of f., Vm. 21.
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f. an imprecation; f. íllan finnr stað, Pass. 28. 9.
n. pronoun.
n., gramm. a pronoun, Skálda 178, 180, Edda 108, 121.
n. obstacle, hold-fast.
n. an obstacle, Bs. ii. 106, 179:—the haft on the hilt (nema fyrir), Stj. 383. Judges iii. 16, 22.
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nam, to perceive, (the Germ. vernehmen), scarcely in use.
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n. a promontory, (cp. Furness in Lancashire), Orkn. 442.
f. foresight (~araugu).
f. looking ahead, Sdm. 27.
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n. a law phrase, plundering another’s properly; the law distinguishes between rán (by personal violence) and fornæmi, plunder before the owner’s eyes, but without the use of force, Jb. 426, cp. also Gþl. 402, 416, N. G. L. i. 227.
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m. (for. word), great praise, honour, Mar. (Fr.), Pass. 35. 3.
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að, to praise, H. E. i. 404, Stj. 9.
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f. glory, Stj. 7, 109, 161.
n.
1) management, superintendent;
2) administration, guardianship.
n. management, superintendance; með forráði ok umsýslu e-s, Rb. 400: the phrase, kunna ekki fótum sínum forráð, Stj. 558:—administration, stewardship, hann hafði f. með Auði, Landn. 109; hann tók þar við forráðum öllum, Eg. 36, 84; staðar-forráð, the management of church domain-land, Bs. i. 479; til eignar ok forráða, Ld. 14; forráð sakar, the leading of a suit, Grág. i. 489:—as a law term, the holding a goðorð (q. v.) of the heathen time, manna-forráð, Hrafn. 14, Nj. 149, v. l.; hence rule, sway, Fms. vii. 209, xi. 201, Eg. 50, 401.
COMPD: forráðamaðr.
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réð, [Germ. verrathen], to betray, Bev. 10 (Fr.), N. T., Pass. 5. 1.
(pl. -endr), m. overseer, manager.
part. an overseer, manager, Fms. x. 330; f. skips, Bjarn. 15, Fms. ii. 63:—a law term, a guardian, réttr f. fjár hennar, Grág. i. 377; frænda eðr f., 343.
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a, m. a forerunner, Stj. 204: a predecessor, 118.
a. exceedingly rich.
adj. exceeding rich, Bs. i. 852, Fb. ii. 187.
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u, f, .[Germ. vorrede], a preface, Str. 1, (rare.)
n. = forráð.
n.
I. = forráð, management; f. fjár, Gþl. 217: rule, sway, Fms. i. 4, vii. 105, x. 231, xi. 326: esp. as a law term, keeping a goðorð (priesthood); manna-f., Hrafn. 19, Grág., and the Sagas passim, forræðis-maðr, m. = forráðamaðr, N. G. L. i. 151, 152, Barl. passim.
II. [Germ. verrath], treason, mod. and rare. Pass. 16. 6; Mar. 468.
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u, f. a law term, a mortgage, Gþl. 304.
COMPDS: forsölujörð, forsölumáli.
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adv. unduly, cp. forsóma, Bs. i. 733.
f. ambush.
f. an ambush, Bs. i. 289, ii. 70, 97.
f. dangerous mission.
u, f. a part of an angler’s line, Od. xii. 253.
f. dangerous mission.
f. a sending one to certain death, a dangerous mission, Eg. 540, Fms. iii. 68, Hkr. ii. 76, iii. 104 (where forsenda).
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a, m. the myth. name of a heathen god, Edda, where it however seems to mean an umpire or peace-maker, cp. Gm. 15.
II. in mod. usage a ‘fore-sitter,’ president, chairman; but in 1793 (Fél. vol. xiii), the chairman is called for-maðr or forstöðu-maðr, as forseti was not then an established word.
foresight, prevision.
and for-sjó, f., gen. as nom. foresight, prevision, Nj. 210, Sks. 224 B, Fær. 79, Fms. v. 284, vii. 134, x. 9.
COMPDS: forsjálauss, forsjáleysi, forsjámaðr.
II. Providence, Sks. 559 B.
a. prudent, foresigh led.
adj. foresighted, prudent, Nj. 222, Fms. v. 150, Sks. 436, Al. 8, Eg. 73.
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adv. prudently, Bs. i. 742, Fms. vi. 325, Fas. ii. 245.
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adj. prudent, Greg. 32, Fas. ii. 469, Sturl. i. 113.
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f. prudence.
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f. = forsjá; eccl. since the Reformation, Providence, in hymns, sermons, etc. forsjónar-maðr, m. = forsjámaðr, Karl. 500.
m. ante-chamber, entrance-hall.
a, m. an ante-chamber, lobby, Dropl. 28, Bs. i. 451, Sturl. ii. 173, iii. 193.
n. handle of a hammer or axe.
n. the ‘fore-haft’ of a hammer, Edda 70, Fb. iii. 427.
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1. n. a vestibule, porch, Stj. 562. 1 Kings vi. 3.
2. n. a notice or allowance of time, Thom. 494.
n. pl. ill fate.
n. pl. bad times, ill fate, Hkv. 2. 32.
(-smái, -smáða, -smáðr), v. to despise.
ð, [Germ. verschmähen], to despise, Stj. 142, 621 (v. l.), Sturl. ii. 15, Fms. iii. 89, (now freq.)
f. disgrace.
f. disgrace, H. E. i. 497, Ann. 1394, (now freq.)
m. master-smith.
m. a ‘fore-smith,’ chief builder, Edda (pref.), Bret.
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adj. exceeding wise, Vellekla.
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að, [Dan. forsörge; Germ. versorgen], to provide for; for-sorgan, f. provision.
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að, [Germ. versäumen], to neglect, (mod. word.)
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f. neglect, (mod. word.)
f. prophecy.
1. f. a ‘fore-spaeing’ (Scot.), prophecy, Fms. i. 88, 96, 263, ii. 79, x. 275, Bret. 62, Stj, 202, Bs. ii. 7.
2. ð, to prophesy, Thom. 488.
a. foreseeing, prophesying.
adj., often used in the description of the wise men of antiquity, such as Njál, Snorri:—‘fore-spaeing’ (Scot.), prophecying, Eb. 42, Nj. 30, Fms. iv. 24, 87, Eg. 20, Fs. 54; of Odin, Yngl. S. ch. 5.
n. heavy loss.
n. a heavy loss, Gkv. 1. 3, Fagrsk. 173 (in a verse).
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n. a ‘fore-spell,’ preamble. Forspjalls-ljóð, n. name of a poem.
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a, m. [for. word; Germ. sprechen], a ‘for-speaker’ spokesman, Sti. 266; hence the mod. for-sprakki, a, m. a ringleader.
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a, m. [A. S. fore-spreca], a ringleader, spokesman.
f. shielding, protection; mæla e-m forstöðu (við e-n), to say a good word for one.
u, f. standing up for one, shielding one, Gþl. 265, Ld. 180, Lv. 4, Orkn. 40; mæla e-m forstöðu, to say a good word for one, Hkr. ii. 147.
COMPD: forstöðumaðr.
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n. [the Germ. verstand], understanding in household matters, forstanda-kona, u, f. (-maðr, m.), a good house-keeper.
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stóð, (for-stá is freq. in poetry of the 16th century), [for. word: Germ. verstehen]:—to understand, Bs. i. 802.
m. overseer, leader.
a, m. a ‘fore-steerer’ foreman, overseer, leader, Eg. 52, 201, 646, K. Á. 34, 224, Fms. i. 2, v. 72, vii. 238, 265, x. 311, Skálda 202.
f. rule, management.
f. rule, management, Fms. viii. 5. forstjórnar-maðr, m. a manager, Glúm. 360.
f. = forstaða.
f. = forstaða, N. G. L. i. 60, 68, Fms. iv. 216.
f. = forskáli.
u, f. = forskáli, Eb. 136, Fms. vi. 34, Ó. H. 116, Eg. 216, v. l.
a. exceeding tall.
adj. exceeding tall, Vígl. 20.
adv. down stream, opp. to ‘andstreymis’.
adj. down stream, opp. to andstreymis, Edda 60, Sturl. iii. 163, Fms. vii. 253, Ó. H. 20, Bs. ii. 175.
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adj. [Germ. verständig], clever in household matters.
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n. [Dan. forsvar], defence, (mod. word.)
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að, [from Dan. forsvare, cp. Germ. verantworten], to answer for one, defend.
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adj. justifiable, Bs. i. 733, but prob. wrongly; forsamliga (in the MS.), q. v.
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ð, = forsóma, Boldt and D. N.
f. foreboding.
f. foresight, foreboding, Bs. ii. 38.
a.
1) foresighted;
2) second sighled.
adj. gifted with foresight, Fms. xi. 423, cp. Bs. ii. 81.
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u, f. [sól], a shade from the sun, Bb. 3. 85, Fas. i. 467 (freq.)
COMPD: Forsæludalr.
n. front bench.
n. ‘fore-seats,’ front benches, Nj. 220, Fms. v. 332, v. l.
f.
1) prophecy;
2) superintendence;
3) dictation, instruction (eptir hinna vitrustu manna ~).
f. order, superintendance, Fms. i. 290, x. 433, Orkn. 286, Sturl. i. 46 C.
β. prophecy, Stj. 114.
γ. a law term, previous declaration, N. G. L. i. 88, 89. forsagnar-vitni, n. a witness to a declaration, N. G. L. i. 32, Gþl. 475.
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a, m. a precentor in a church.
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n. denial, protest, Dipl. i. 7.
COMPDS: fortakslaust, fortaksorð.
v. to deny.
tók, to deny positively, Bs. ii. 31.
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part. forlorn, Matth. x. 6: for-tapan, f. damnation, N. T.
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dd, to forsake; hann fortíddi Guð, Bret. (Verel.)
n. curtain, bed-curtain.
n. a curtain, Ld. 29: a bed-curtain, Fms. iii. 196, Fas. iii. 391, Háv. 54, Sams. 11: the veil of the Temple, Stj. 321, Pass., N. T.
f. pl. persuasion(s), representations.
f. pl. persuasions, Nj. 200, Eg. 9, Hom. 108, Fb. ii. 56, 85.
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f. pl., vide forátta.
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n. shoal water between the cliffs and the flowing tide: hence the phrase, í síðustu forvöð, to pass the last shoal water before the tide cuts the passage off, also metaph. to delay till the last moment; göra flekann allan, ok halda upp forvöðunum þar í hjá, D. N. vi. 167, where it seems to mean a ford.
m. a ford before a projecting cliff.
a, m. a cliff projecting into the forvað, where the rider has to wade through water, Fbr. 45, Vm. 107.
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að, [Germ. verwahren], to keep, Matth. xvi. 25.
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or for-veði, adj. a law term, forfeitable or forfeited, Vm. 16, Grág. ii. 234, N. G. L. i. 27 (Js. 124), 391.
pp. forfeited.
part. forfeited, Bs. i. 227.
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m. a trace, foot-print, N. G. L. i. 83, Str. 78, Barl. 10, 142.
m. forebear, predecessor.
a, m. a predecessor, Dipl. i. 4, ii. 11, (mod.)
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n. price, worth, Dipl. iii. 10.
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m. pl. predecessors, Thom. 424.
n.
1) work done in another’s service;
2) harvest of hay;
3) hireling’s work; gera ekki ~um við e-n, not to treat one meanly.
(for-virki, Hrafn. 5), n., prop. humble work, farm work; ef maðr kaupir mann til forverks sér, Grág. i. 272; várt f., our task, Hom. (St.); of gamall til þræls, ok þótti ekki forverk í honum, too old for a thrall, and unfit for work, Hkr. i. 199, Fms. i. 77; þetta sumar var lítið forverk í Krossavík, Vápn. 29; ok var lítið forverk orðit, en hann átti ómegð, Sturl. i. 137; þarf eigí meira forvirki en þetta lið orkar, Hrafn. 5; forverk heys, carting hay, K. Þ. K. 100; skal hverr búandi fara er forverk á sér, N. G. L. i. 128: þú munt fá föður mínum forverk ef ek ferr frá, Þorst. St. 53: forverks-lítill, adj. one who is able to do but little f., Fas. iii. 158: forverks-maðr, m. a labourer, workman, Gþl. 6, Eb. 150: forverks-tíð, f. work-time, Hom. (St.): þér skal fá þræla til forverks, Þorst. St. 55.
II. metaph. [cp. A. S. for-wyrht = peccatum], in the phrase, göra ekki forverkum við e-n, to treat one well, not meanly, not like a drudge; er þat líkast at aldri sé forverkum við þik gört, Band. 10; skal aldri forverkum við þik göra meðan við lifum báðir, 54; …
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a. indecl. overcome in a fight.
adj. ind. [qs. forveðja, q. v.], upset in a fight, Nj. 228. 246; Gestr varð allr f. fyrir, Bárð. 43 new Ed., Róm. 150:—in mod. usage, amazed, greatly surprised.
adv. before the wind.
adv. before the wind, Rd. 276, Sturl. iii. 198, Róm. 369, Bs. ii. 5.
adv. before the wind.
adv. before the wind, Fms. iii. 235.
f. management.
n, f. = forysta (forvist, Fms. vii. 25). Eb. 142, Fms. x. 273.
a. curious.
adj. curious, chiefly in a bad sense. Greg. 27, Sturl. i. 216.
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adj. curious, Mag. 8.
(að), v. to pry into, enquire about (~ e-t or um e-t);
refl., ~st e-t, um e-t, til e-s, to enquire about; impers., e-n ~r e-t, one is curious to know.
að, to pry into, enquire; f. e-t, Sks. 183 B; f. um e-t, to enquire about, 6, 182 B.
2. reflex., forvitnask e-t, to enquire, Bret. 94, Fms. i. 147, 252, vii. 258, Eg. 764, Ld. 268: absol., Lv. 15; f. til e-s, id., Fær. 53; f. um e-t, id., Landn. 51, Grett. 96, 160.
3. impers., e-n forvitnar e-t, or with infin., it makes one curious to know, Fær. 54, Sks. 182 B, Fas. i. 22.
f. curiosity.
f. curiosity (often in a bad sense), Fas. i. 71, Sks. 183, 553, Fms. i. 145, 260, Glúm. 327, Johann. 625. 89; fáa leiðir gott af forvitninni (a saying), Vídal. i. 58.
a. very wise.
adj. (-vitra, Fms. vi. 56, 428), very wise, deep, Fms. iv. 24, 239, vi. 56, xi. 79, Band. 3, Eg. 3, Bs. i. 66 (forvitr).
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m. a wise man, Matth. xi. 25.
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n. an outwork. forvígis-maðr, m. a head champion, defender.
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d, dep. (foriflask, Al. 110 and 655 xxix; for-œfask, Hom. 151), in the phrase, f. e-s, only used with neg., to shrink from nothing; Lucinia foryfldisk eigi íllra ráða, Bær. 14; Halli foryfldisk eigi at mæla þat er honum sýndisk, Fms. vi. 360 (foryfildiz, Mork. 93); at þeir muni foriflaz at etja við afla-muninn, Al. l. c.; þú foræfisk (foryflisk?) eigi eiða, thou shrinkest not from perjury, Hom. l. c.
f. appearance, foreboding.
u, f. an appearance or foreboding: hygg ek at þetta sé f. þín, Fb. i. 67; nú hygg ek at þetta beri þína forynju, ok sér þú svikinn, Ó. T. 3; f. eðr fyrirfari hinnar fremri tignar, Bs. i. 682.
β. a spectre, Germ. scheusal; þegi þú yfir þeim, f. (thou monster!), Ld. 326, v. l.; and so in mod. usage.
f. headship, leadership.
u, f. (forosta, Fms. ii. 88, Fs. 8, Grág. i. 503, Ísl. ii. 87, 330), mod. forusta [qs. forvista, vi = y]:—headship, leadership, and even used personally a captain, 623. 56, Fms. ii. 88, v. 273, vii. 326, Hkr. ii. 202, v. l., Sturl. i. 759, Mork. 137, 140 (cp. Fms. vii. 25, Hkr. iii. 206), Glúm. 340.
COMPDS: forustugeldingr, forystulauss, forustusauðr.
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u, f. [Germ. verdienst], merit, mod. eccl., N. T., Vídal.
m. dislike.
a, m. dislike, Þórð. 22 new Ed.
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m. = forþokki, Bs. ii. 37.
f. dislike.
1. þótti, to dislike, Sturl. iii. 231, Thom. 300, (rare.)
2. u, f. a dislike, Thom. 420.
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n. [A. S. and Engl. fox; Dutch vos; Germ. fuchs; this word occurs in the old northern tongues only in a metaph. sense, and even then rare and obsolete]:—a fraud in selling, adulteration; fox er íllt í exi, Eg. 184 (in a verse); otherwise only in the phrase, selja e-m fox né flærð, Gþl. 492; kaup-fox, veð-fox (q. v.), fraud in sale or bailing, Gþl.
f. she-fox.
u, f. a fox; this curious word, which answers to Goth. fauhô, O. H. G. foha, only occurs in Edda (Gl.), unless the present Icel. tóa (the common name for a fox) be a corruption of fóa; if not, the etym. of tóa is quite uncertain. It is a common superstition not to call the fox by his right name, whence the variety of names in different languages, and number of synonymes in the same language.
n. gizzard.
n. the crop or maw of a bird, Fbr. 12.
n. fodder, foddering.
n. [Germ. futter; Engl. fur], lining.
n. fodder, foddering.
n. [Engl. fodder; Germ. futter; Dan. and Swed. foder], fodder for cattle, (but fæði or fæða of human food), Ísl. ii. 138, Gþl. 503, Fbr. 156: a certain quantity of fodder or hay, a stack thus contains so many kýr-fóðr or lambs-fóðr:—a foddering of lambs for the parson in the winter, hence a parish has so and so many lambs-fóðr; skila úr fóðrum, to return lambs in the spring. fóðr-birgðir, f. pl. (-birgr, adj.), stores of hay.
(að), v.
1) to fodder, feed;
2) to fur or line (a garment).
1. að, to fodder, Fms. i. 272, Ísl. ii. 132: reflex., Sks. 185.
2. að, to fur or line a garment, Fms. vi. 422, Bs. i. 636; hence in mid. Lat. cappa forata.
a.
1) fodderless;
2) unlined.
adj. unlined, Vm. 29, Pm. 37.
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a, m. [low Lat. vocatus; Germ. vogt], a kind of bailiff, D. N. from the 14th century:—the bailiff of Reykjavík in Icel. is called fógeti.
n. fool.
n. a fool: allit., fífl ok fól, 656 B. 7; fól, however, has often the notion of rage and foul language; fífl that of pranks or silliness; fól (madman) væri Sverrir þá, Fms. iii. 122, viii. 242; bað taka fól þetta, Ísl. ii. 220 (one who had used bad language); hann þótti þar fól eitt (idiot), Glúm. 336.
COMPDS: fólsliga, fólsligr.
m. fool.
a, m. = fól, Gísl. 50, Sd. 178; fóli þinn, thou fool! Ld. 220.
m. fool.
a, m. [cp. Fr. voler, early Fr. foler, cp. also low Lat. felo, Engl. felony; but is prob. a Teut. word from fela, fólginn]:—stolen goods, esp. hidden, a law term; skal binda fóla á bak honum, N. G. L. i. 83, Js. 129; finna þeir fóla (hidden theft) meðal skjaldbálka, N. G. L. i. 84, passim; finna fóla, Grág. i. 195: bera inn fóla á hendr mönnum, id. fóla-gjald, n. damages, compensation, in a case of theft, Grág. i. 84.
n.
1) folk, people;
2) the people of a household;
3) kinsfolk;
4) host;
5) battle (poet.).
n., prop. folk with a short vowel, cp. fylki; [A. S. folc; Engl. folk; Germ. volk: Dan. and Swed. folk]:—folk, people: skjótt fjölgaðisk fólkit, Grett. 88:—people indefinitely, til at hræða fólk, to frighten folk, Bs. i. 764: curiously Icel. say, kvenn-fólk (as in Engl.). woman-folk; but karl-fólk never, only karl-menn.
2. in Icel. chiefly the people of a household, community, or the like; kirkju-fólk, the church-folk, i. e. people assembled in church; boðs-fólk, the guests at a banquet; sóknar-fólk, the parish folk; heimilis-fólk, house-folk, the people of a household; allt fólkið á bænum, all the folk; vinnu-fólk, servant-folk; grasa-fólk, people gathering fell-moss; meðal annars fólksins, Nj. 66, v. l.; Njáll gékk inn ok mælti víð fólkit, 200; mik ok fólk mitt skortir aldri mat, Band. 13; hott, hott og hæt hér sé Guð í bæ, sælt fólkið allt, Stef. Ól.; fæddi varla búféit fólkit, Ísl. ii. 68; var eigi fólk upp staðit, Hrafn. 20; this sense is to the present day very common in Icel.; while the Germ. sense of people, nation (Dan. folket) is strange to Icel. …
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or -vittr, f. the wight or fairy of battle, of a Valkyria, Hkv.
f. foolishness, folly.
u, f. foolishness, often with the notion of madness, impudence, Fms. iii. 167, ix. 405, Sks. 623, Ísl. ii. 84.
COMPDS: fólskuför, fólskuorð, fólskuverk.
a. foolish.
adj. foolish, impudent, Hkr. ii. 138.
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(fólsku-ferð), f. a mad expedition, Sturl. ii. 97.
n. pl. foolish words.
n. foolish (foul) words, Fms. vii. 118.
n. foolish (mad) act.
n. a foolish (mad) act, Edda 57: a foul act, Pass. 36. 7.
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adv. foolishly, like a madman, Sturl. i. 4, Fms. xi. 280.
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adj. foolish, mad, Fms. viii. 242 (of foul language).
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u, f. (a for. word), armour, harness; her-fóra, armour, Stj. 287, Mag., Karl. passim; hence the mod. phrase, hafa e-ð í fórum sínum, to keep a thing hidden under one’s harness.
a.
1) old (f. vinátta, f. mjóðr);
2) ancient; fornir menn, the men of old; f. siðr, the old (heathen) custom, religion; f. átrúnaðr, the old creed, heathenism; f. í skapi, inclined to old, or heathen, ways; hann var f. mjök, he was a great wizard; at fornu, til, forna, formerly, in times fast.
(fórur, f. pl., Ver. 6), f. offering, [prob. a word of Lat. and eccl. origin, derived from Lat. offerre; after the introduction of Christianity the old heathen word blót (q. v.) became odious, as denoting heathen sacrifice, and is consequently never used in connection with Christian worship; its place being taken by the word fórn]:—a sacrifice in the Jewish sense, and in the Christian sense an offering to God; but it is scarcely ever used in a heathen sense—the passage Fær. 103 is quite peculiar: the phrase, færa fórn, to bring an offering, Stj. passim; Gúð mun sér sjá fórn til handa, 131, passim; brenni-fórn, a burnt offering; dreypi-fórn, a drink offering; synda-fórn, a sin offering, Bible, Vídal. passim: fórnar-blöð, n, the sacrificial blood, Stj. 305, 318; fórnar-brauð, n. and fórnar-hleifr, m. the shew-bread, Stj. 474, 565 (panis propositionis, Vulg.); fórnar-kvikindi, n. a victim, Stj. 430; fórnar-skrín, n. a shrine in which the wafer is kept, Vm. 55; fórnar-söngr, m. …
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(að), v.
1) to offer as a present (f. e-m e-t) to offer, bring as an offering (to God).
að, to offer, with acc. of the offering, dat. of the person; fórna mér reykelsi, Stj. 431; mörr er fórnaðr, 430. 1 Sam. ii. 16; þá hluti er hann vildi fórna, 410; fórna þik Guði, offer thee to God, 407: to offer as a present, Fms. ix. 450, Al. 96: in mod. usage, with dat. of the offering and the Deity, e. g. fórna Guði bænum sínum.
2. the phrase, fórna höndum, to lift the hands to heaven as in prayer, or to wring the hands as in agony; that this phrase was also known to the ancients may be inferred from the compd, fórnar-hendr, f. pl. offering hands, uplifted hands, Magn. 514.
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ð, = fórna, to bring an offering, sacrifice, with acc. of the offering, Fms. ii. 41, Stj. passim: mod. with dat. of the offering.
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f. an offering, sacrifice, Stj. 17, 248, 276.
n.
1) the fostering (of a child);
2) maintenance.
n. [a Scandin. word; Swed.-Dan. and North. E. foster; but neither in Goth., A. S., nor Germ.]:—the fostering of a child, Fms. i. 1, Eg. 119, Nj. 40, Grág. i. 276, 277, Gþl. 531, Fs. 12, Ld. passim; for this see barn-fóstr, but cp. also Grág. Ó. Þ. ch. 21: the savings, fjórðungi bregðr til fóstrs, Nj. (vide bregda), and fé er fóstri líkt; ást-fóstr, q. v.
I)
(að), v. to bring up as a foster-child, be a foster-father to.
II)
f.
1) foster-mother;
2) foster-daughter.
1. u, f. a foster-mother; fóstra sú er hann hefir fæddan lögfóstri, Grág. ii. 60, Fms. iii. 71, vii. 275:—a wet-nurse, Fs. 148.
2. a foster-daughter; fóstra sú er maðr hefir fædda, Grág. l. c., Eg. 169, Str. 63.
2. að, to foster, also to nurse, Ld. 108, Fms. i. 16, Nj. 59.
m.
1) foster-father;
2) foster-son;
3) foster-brother;
4) pl., fóstrar, foster-father and foster-son.
a, m. a foster-father, Íb. 14, Eg. 117, Fs. 13, 19, Lv. 50, Bs. i. 154. 425, Fms. v. 126, Grág. i. 226; freq. in Icel. in addressing, fóstri minn, fóstra min!
2. a foster-son, Nj. 149.
3. a pet, of a favourite horse, Sturl. i. 40, Hrafn. 8.
4. a foster-brother, Fms. vii. 316, xi. 155, (rare.)
5. in pl., collect. the foster-father and his son (or sons), Fms. xi. 59.
f. foster-daughter.
f. a foster-daughter.
m. foster-father.
m. a foster-father, Eg. 117, Ísl. ii. 139 (v. l.), Fms. ix. 361.
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m. pl. foster-parents, (mod.)
f. native country.
f. a native country, Nj. 45, Fms. i. 76, Hom. 140.
n. native country.
n. id., Barl. 99, 156, Stj. 50, Fms. x. 340, 343, Bret. 100.
n. pl. reward for fostering.
n. pl. reward for fostering one, Ld. 232, Grág. i. 280.
n. nurse (bondmaid).
n. a nurse (bondwoman), Skv. 3. 67 (poët.)
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a, m. a tutor, Karl. 32.
m. foster-mother.
f. a foster-mother, Stj. 83, 548.
f. foster-daughter.
f. a foster-daughter, Fas. ii. 293.
n. foster-parents.
n., collect. foster-parents, Fms. vii. 237.
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m. a foster-son, Fms. i. 85, Eg. 524, Ísl. ii. 145.
f. foster-sister.
f. (sometimes in MSS. spelt fósystir, Mar. 14, 15, Stj. 407, Bs. i. 460), a foster-sister, Fs. 139, Fb. ii. 4.
n. pl. foster-brother(s) and sister(s).
n. pl., collect. foster-brothers and sisters, Fas. ii. 64.
m.
1) foster-brother;
2) sworn brother (= eiðbróðir).
m. a foster-brother:
1. prop. of men brought up together, brothers in arms, and the like; Arinbjörn hersir var f. Eireks konungs, Eg. 401, Fs. 121, 139, Fms. x. 226, Ísl. ii. 219; frændr ok fóstbræðr, Fs. 120, 122; þeir vóru vænligir menn ok görðusk fóstbræðr (brothers in arms) Ingimundar, 13, 15, 16, 19, 24, passim.
2. a sworn brother, = eiðbróðir, pledged by the rite of blending blood together (vide bróðir), Gísl., Fbr., passim: hence Fóstbræðra-saga, u, f. the name of the history (but the name is mod.); fóstbræðra-lag, n. a foster-brotherhood, Eg. 116. 165, Fms. vii. 25, passim:—sworn brotherhood, sverjask í f., Fms. iii. 213, cp. esp. Gísl., Fbr.
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a, m. the time of rising.
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n. ‘foot-braid,’ a wrestling term, vide bragð. Fas. ii. 370.
n. sore leg.
n. a sore leg, Nj. 219, Bs. i. 815, Sturl. i. 64.
n. a wound in the foot.
n. a foot-wound, Fms. viii. 141.
m. pain in the leg (foot).
m. = fótverkr, Hkr. i. 63, Fas. ii. 106.
n. strength of the feet.
n. the strength of the feet, Fms. viii. 410.
f. footboard (of a bed).
f. the foot-board of a bed, Sturl. iii. 177.
m. gait.
m. the bearing of the feet, gait, Bs. i. 670.
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m. foot-gear, Stj. 366.
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f. a rising from bed;
f. foot-hold.
f. = fótfesti, Barl. 56.
f. foot-board.
f. = fótabrík, Fms. v. 340: a foot-board, iv. 277.
m. trampling, din.
m. trampling, din, Finnb. 246.
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u, f. a pan with feet, Fr.
m. the nether part of the body.
m. the nether part of the body, opp. to höfða-hlutr, Eb. 326, Eg. 398, Fms. xi. 277.
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n. a stumbling-block.
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n., eccl., Lat. pedale, Ám. 90, Jm. 10, 36.
n. pl. kicking (of one hanged).
n. pl. ‘foot-pranks’ (of one hanged), Fms. vii. 13.
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m. the foot-dirt, Post. to Matth. x. 14.
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n. a ‘foot-skin,’ carpet, Rd. 272, Ám. 6.
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m. missing the feet; e-m verðr f., to slip, stumble.
f. spurning with the feet.
f. a spurning with the feet, Fas. iii. 355.
n. stamping with the feet.
n. a stamping with the feet, Skálda 174.
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m. a shackle; berja fótastokk, to dangle the legs in riding.
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n. the foot-board of a bed, Fms. ii. 84.
m. foot-washing.
m. foot-washing, Bs. i. 105.
(gen. fótar, dat. fœti, pl. fœtr), m.
1) foot, foot and leg;
spretta (støkkva) á fœtr, to start to one’s feet;
vera á fótum, to be out of bed, be up;
skjóta fótum undir sik, taka til fóta, to take to one’s heels;
eiga fótum fjör at launa, to save one’s life by running away;
hlaupa sem fœtr toga, to run as fast as feet can carry;
kominn af fótum fram, off one’s feet, decrepit;
hverr á fœtr öðrum, one after the other;
2) foot (as a measure).
m., gen. fótar, dat. fæti; pl. fætr, gen. fóta, dat. fótum; in mod. conversation and even in writing the acc. pl. is used as fem., thus ‘allar fætr,’ not ‘alla fætr,’ and with the article ‘fætrnar,’ which form was already used by poets of the 17th century, Pass. 33. 4, Snót 156: [Goth. fôtus; A. S. fôt; Engl. foot; Germ. fuss; Swed. fot; Dan. fod; Gr. πόδ-, Lat. pĕd-, with a short vowel; but with a long vowel in all Teutonic languages; fit, q. v., also seems to be a kindred word]
I. a foot; and as in some other languages either the foot only or the foot and leg. Icel. distinguish between various animals, and use fótr (foot) of men, horses, cattle, sheep, etc.; hrammr (paw) of beasts of prey, as bears, lions; löpp (also paw) of cats, dogs, mice; klær (claws) of birds of prey, as the raven, eagle; hreifi (fins) of a seal: Edda 110, Fms. i. 182, xi. 145, Anecd. 6, Nj. 219, 264, Landn. 180: the allit. phrase, fótr ok lit (q. v.); þá var uppi f. og fit, i. e. all (men and beast) were about or all was bustle; standa báðum fótum, einum fæti, öllum fótum, to stand (rest) on both … feet, Fms. …
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n. foot-board.
n. a foot-board, Gísl. 31, Vígl. 17, O. H. L. 36.
n. fracture of the leg.
n. a fracture of the leg, Bs. i. 431.
pp. broken-legged.
part. broken-legged, Bs. i. 423, Stj. 279, Eb. 316.
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fór, to pace, measure, Ann. Oldk. 1845, p. 164.
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f. a foot-hold, in climbing.
a. nimble-footed.
adj. nimble-footed, Róm. 310.
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adj. swift-fooled, Barl. 103, (rare.)
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part. ‘foot-rotten’ i. e. reeling on one’s legs, a wrestling term.
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u, f., in fótgöngu-lið, n. host of footmen, Stj. 450, Fms. x. 139; fótgöngu-herr, m. id., Hkr. i. 216, Stj. 456; fótgöngu-menn, m. pl. id., Fms. vi. 413, Stj. 285.
pr. p. walking, going on foot.
part. walking on foot, Bs. i. 535; f. menn, footmen, Fms. x. 139, Stj. 512.
a. long-legged (= há-fœttr).
adj. long-legged, high-stepping. Eg. 710.
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adj. ‘hale-legged,’ sound-legged, Gþl. 87.
a. weak-footed.
adj. weak-legged (from age), Fms. vii. 9, Bs. ii. 24.
a. swift-footed.
adj. swift-footed, Nj. 38, Edda 31, Ó. H. 71.
n. hewing one’s feet off.
n. hewing off one’s feet, Eb. 246, Sturl. ii. 90.
(see höggva), v. to hew one’s feet off.
hjó, to hew one’s feet off, Fms. viii. 167, ix. 19, Sturl. ii, 66.
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adj. having cold feet.
a. lame of foot.
adj. lame of foot, Nj. 219, Stj. 501.
a. long-legged.
adj. long-legged, Fms. x. 151, v. l.
f. foot-bath.
n. a foot-bath, Hkv. 2. 37.
a. footless.
adj. foot-less, without feet, Al. 134.
a. low-legged, short-legged.
adj. low-legged, short-legged, Þjal. 29.
m. the leg.
m. the leg, Fb. ii. 387, Bárð. 14 new Ed., Fms. viii. 162, 447, ix. 528, Magn. 524, Fas. i. 27, Stj. 96.
n. step.
n. a step, Stj. 129.
a. big-footed.
adj. big-footed, Mag. 1.
a. nimble-looted.
adj. nimble-footed, a wrestling term, Sturl. i. 14.
m. footstool.
m. a foot-board, Fms. x. 186, Hkr. i. 81.
a. foot-sore.
adj. foot-sore, Lv. 59 (of a horse).
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adj. reaching down to the leg, of a garment, Finnb. 310, Stj. 520.
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m. (-skefill, Bs. i. 155), a foot-board, Fms. v. 301, Sturl. iii. 131, Sks. 292, O. H. L. 26.
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u, f., in the phrase, renna fótskriðu, to run and slide on ice, Nj. 145, Valla L. 220, Rd. 278.
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f. a foot-board, Bs. i. 220, Fms. ii. 132, Sturl. iii. 131, v. l.
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n. pl. foot-prints, 623. 36, Fms. i. 280; stíga í e-s fótspor, to step in one’s foot-prints, Fs. 4, Sks. 13, Vígl. 20.
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m. a pedestal, Fms. ii. 108, Fær. 103 (v. l.), 655 xxxii. 10.
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adj. stiff-legged, Eg. 754.
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n. treading under foot, Bs. ii. 57, Thom. 104.
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trað, to tread upon, Stj. 42, Fms. ii. 172, iii. 165, H. E. i. 506.
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adj. with a bad leg, Bs. i. 344, Thom.
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m. ‘foot-warke,’ gout, Ýt. 26.
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adj. sure-footed, a wrestling term.
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u, f. a duck.
f. spear, lance (rare).
u, f. [A. S. franca], a kind of spear; Grimm thinks that the framea of Tacitus is merely a corruption of franca, a suggestion which seems to be almost certain; in northern poems and writers this word only occurs in Rm. 32, whence it was probably taken into Edda (Gl.); on the other hand, we have an Icel. frakki, a, m. a kind of weapon, in the compd hræ-f., a ‘carrion-fluke,’ i. e. the blade of a sword, Gísl. 7 (in a verse); and akkeris-frakki, a, m. an ‘anchor-fluke (?),’ in a verse of 996, Fs. 92: again, the frakka of the Rm. was probably borrowed from A. S.
2. Frakki, a, m. a proper name, cp. Gullþ.; Frakka-nes, n. a farm.
m. pl. the Franks.
m. pl. the Franks, mod. the French; perhaps derived from the national weapon franca, as that of Saxons from seax, sax = gladius; Frakkland, n. the land of the Franks, as fixed by the peace of Verdun in 843, Íb. ch. 9 and Fms. i. ii, and in old poets (Hallfred):—in mod. language used for France.
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1. a, m. [Fr. fraque], a frock, coat, mod. word, borrowed from Dan. frak.
2. a, m. bad, rotten hay; íllt er saman að akka örgum sínu frakka, Hallgr.
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adj. [Engl. and Germ. frank], this word never occurs in old writers, and in mod. usage only in the sense impertinent, intrusive.
adv.
1) forward; hann féll f. á. fœtr konungi, he fell forward on his face at the king’s feet; f. rétt, straight on; koma f., to reappear;
2) out of the house; opp. to inn, innarr (var hon ávalt borin f. ok innarr);
3) on the fore part, in front, opp. to aptr (maðr f., en dýr aptr); aptr ok f., fore and aft, of a ship;
4) joined with preps. and particles, bíða f. á dag, f. á nótt, to wait far into the day, or night; bíða f. um jól, to wait till after Yule; fyrir lög f., in spite of the law; f. undan eyjunni; off the island;
5) of time, hversu er f. orðit, how late is it, what time is it? f. orðit dags, late in the day.
adv.—the Icel. has a triple adverbial form, fram, denoting the going to a place (ad locum); frammi, the being in a place (in loco); framan, the going from a place (a loco)—compar. framarr (mod. framar) or fremr, = Goth. framis; superl. framast (framarst) or fremst: proncd. with a double m = framm; and that such was the case in olden times may be seen from Fms. vi. 385 and Skálda 168, 171. This adv. with its compds and derivatives may be said to have been lost in Germ. as well as Engl., and at a very early time. Even Ulf. uses fram as a prep. in the sense of ἀπό, like the A. S. and Engl. from, Swed. från: only in two passages Ulf. uses fram as adv., viz. Rom. xiii. 12, where he renders ‘the night is far spent’ (nóttin er um liðin of the Icel. N. T.) by framis galeiþan, which recalls to mind the Icel. fram-liðinn = deceased, past; and Mark i. 19, where προβαίνειν is rendered by gaggan framis = Icel. ganga framarr or ganga fram; cp. also the Goth. compds fram-gahts = progress, Philipp. …
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(að), v. to further; f. sik, to distinguish oneself; of a woman, in pp. neut., með barni a mjök ~t, and far advanced.
að, [A. S. fremman; Dan. fremme], to further; frama sik, to distinguish oneself, Fms. v. 282: with dat. to further, promote a thing, hvárir-tveggju hafa svá mjök framat kvöð sinni, at …, proceeded so far with their suit, that …, Grág. ii. 50: of a pregnant woman, ek veit at þú ert með barni, ok mjök framat, and far advanced, Finnb. 212, Ld. 142.
adv.
1) from (on) the front side; f. at borðinu, to the front of the table; f. á (skipinu), on the fore part (of the ship); á stálhúfuna f., on the front of the steel cap;
2) fyrir f., before, in the front of, with acc. (fyrir f. slána);
3) f. til (= fram til), up to, until; nú líðr til þings f., it drew near to the time of assembly.
vide fram C.
pr. p. distinguished, of distinction (f. menn).
part. a man of distinction, Bs. i. 797, 805, Orkn. 358.
II. [Ulf. framaþeis; Germ. fremder], a stranger, Pass. 30. 6, (mod.)
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adv. at the outset; vetrinn var kaldr framan af, = öndverðr.
a. lying forward, foremost; á ~i brekkunni, on the front of the slope; í framanvert nefit, on the tip of the nose.
adj. [cp. Ulf. fram-vairþjis], ‘fore-ward,’ in the front; á framanverðri brekkunni, Fms. vii. 298; nesinu, Eg. 399; framanverðar fylkingar, Fms. vi. 69; um hökuna framanverða, Orkn. 288; í framanvert nefit, Nj. 29.
adv.
1) in a forward position, near the front;
2) fully, highly, much.
contracted framarla, adv. ‘forwardly,’ in front; þá má hverr vera svá framarla sem hann vill (of ranks in battle), Fms. viii. 403, v. l.; lagði konungr framarla skip sitt, Eg. 33; þeir kómu svá f. í landit, went so far, Fms. xi. 360: Icel. say, framarliga í dalnum, nesinu, far off in the dale, etc., where old writers would prefer í framanverðum dalnum, nesi: f. á sjötta hundraði, high up in the sixth hundred, Sturl. iii. 84.
2. metaph. fully, highly, much; treysta f., to trust fully, Fms. v. 236, vi. 151; svá framarla, so far, to that point, x. 7, Hom. 40; svá f. sem, so far as, 87; sjá f. við e-u, to be fully ware of, Sks. 358; hann man f. á horfa um kvánfangit, he will look high, i. e. make great pretensions, Ld. 88.
f. famous enterprise.
f. a feat, famous exploit, Fs. 4.
n. obscurity.
n. obscurity, Al. 118.
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m. a man of distinction, Bs. i. Laur. S.
f. trial of fame.
f. a trial of fame, dangerous exploit, Fas. iii. 43.
m. lack of courage.
m. listlessness, Fms. v. 338.
n. exploit, feat.
n. a ‘forward-work,’ exploit, feat, Fms. iii. 97, Fs. 4, Orkn. 80.
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m. the section in the Jb. treating of alimentation.
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f. an old pauper woman, Fbr. 95.
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adj. without means of support, Grág. i. 454, Jb. 179.
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m. a pauper. Jb. 181, Þorst. St. 55; = mod. sveitar-ómagi.
m.
1) boldness, courage;
2) luck; freista síns frama, to try one’s luck;
3) distinction, fame (vinna sér frama);
4) profit (mæla e-t í sinn frama).
a, m. advancement, but esp. distinction, renown, fame, Sl. 70, Vþm. 11, Hm. 104, Eg. 19, 106, Nj. 38, Fms. i. 287, vi. 133, vii. 149, viii. 336: forwardness, vi. 303; lang-frami, lasting fame, Orkn. 466.
COMPDS: framaferð, framaleysi, framamaðr, framaraun, framaskortr, framaverk.
a. unavailing, useless.
adj. listless.
n. inaction.
n. listlessness, Fær. 246.
m. enterprising man.
m. a man of prowess, Nj. 181, Fms. i. 15, xi. 232.
a. enterprising.
adj., full of prowess, Fms. vii. 431.
adv.
1) out, away out; þeir Leifr sitja f. í húsum, near the outer door; standa f. fyrir e-m, to stand before one’s face;
2) hafa e-t f. or í f., to make use of, employ; hafa kúgan í f. við e-n, to try to browbeat one.
vide fram B.
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u, f. a ‘standing forth,’ behaviour, feat, Karl. 149, but only used in peculiar phrases; in Dipl. v. 18 the missal is called frammistöðu-bók, f., from being read by the priest while standing, frammistöðu-maðr, m. a steward at a wedding or feast.
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f. performance, Magn. 480, Hom. 26, 655 xxxii. 3.
(compar. framarri, fremri; superl. framastr, fremstr), a.
1) forward, prominent; neut., framt, to such an extent; treysta framt á, to put full trust in; compar. the foremost of two; til hins fremra austrrúms, to the fore pumping room; hit fremra, the place nearest the door, the road along the coast (fóru sumir f. tit Seljalandsmúla);
2) fig., fremri e-m, superior to (öllum fremri) superl. foremost, best (fremstr at allri sœmd); furthest back (hvat þú fremst um veizt).
adj., compar. fremri or framari, Stj. 127; superl. fremstr or framastr, Fas. i. 320; [A. S. freme, fram = bonus; cp. Germ. fromm]:—forward; in the positive, used almost always in a bad sense, impertinently forward, intrusive (but ó-framr, shy); this distinction is old. e. g. mjök eru þeir menn framer, er eigi skammask at taka mína konu frá mér, says the old Thorodd, Skálda 163:—in a good sense, prominent, Bs. ii. 70, 155; framr ok góðr klerkr, i. 824; framr spámaðr, Stj. 33.
β. neut. framt as adv. so far, to such an extent, Stj. 254; ganga framt at, to deal harshly, Dipl. ii. 19; treysta framt á, to put full trust in, Fms. iii. 184: svá framt sem …, in case that …, Dipl. ii. 13,—better svá framarlega, as soon as, Stj. 287; svá framt sem hann hefir lukt, as soon as he has paid, Dipl. iii. 9.
II. compar. the foremost (of two); til hins fremra austrrúms, to the fore-pumping room, Fms. viii. 139; enum fremrum fótum, with the fore-feet (mod. fram-fótum), 1812. 16.
β. neut. …
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a, m. a side-altar, opp. to the high altar, Vm. 77.
a. that can be offered.
adj. that can be offered, Fms. iii. 180.
m. shoulder (of an animal).
m. the shoulder of an animal, Hkr. iii. 283.
f. the gangway leading to the bow of a ship.
u, f. the gangway leading to the bow of a ship, Eg. 121.
m. delivery (of a speech).
m. delivery, esp. of a speech: með snjöllum framburði, Fms. ii. 199, Stj. 151, 260, 261: specially a law term, pleading, delivery, Grág. i. 42; f. um kviðinn, delivery of the verdict, Nj. 87: in mod. usage a gramm. term, pronunciation.
f., vera til lítillar ~ar, to be of little lasting use.
f. lasting for the time to come: in the phrase, vera til lítillar frambuðar, to be of little lasting use, Barl. 63.
m. pl. the men stationed in the bow of a warship (opp. to ‘aptrbyggjar’).
-byggvar, m. pl. ‘bow-sitters’ the men placed on the bow of a ship of war, Fms. ii. 312, Eg. 32, Hkr. i. 86, Orkn. 230.
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m. the front or fore part of a house.
m.
1) launching (~ skips);
2) support, maintenance.
m. carrying, launching a ship, Grág. ii. 399: metaph. support, maintenance, Fms. v. 23. framdráttar-samr, adj. putting oneself forward, Sturl. ii. 227.
f. egging on.
f. an egging on, Nj. 61, Fms. viii. 118, xi. 261.
n.
1) falling on one’s face;
2) downfall; (~ árinnar).
n. a falling on one’s face, Karl. 552.
pp. departed.
part. departed, Fær. 264; fram-farandi, part. act. departing, K. Á. 20.
f. (course of) procedure.
f. procedure, course of procedure, Bs. i. 840, Fms. i. 126, vii. 296: conduct, Stj. 141.
n.
1) = framferð;
2) conduct.
n. = framferð, Fms. ii. 37: conduct, 655 xxxii. 2, Stj. 8, 142, Bs. i. 840, Fms. vi. 133: freq. in mod. use, N. T., Vídal.
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adj.; f. maðr, a ready man, Ann. 1348, (rare.)
f.
1) maintenance, suport;
2) pronunciation.
f. maintenance, Eg. 77, Fms. i. 222, xi. 234: gramm. pronunciation, Skálda 175, 181.
m.
1) = framflutning 1;
2) pleading.
m. pleading, Bs. i. 769.
m. fore-leg.
m. the fore leg (of a quadruped), Fas. iii. 295.
a. eager, willing.
adj. eager, forward, willing, Bs. i. 238.
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ð, to maintain, Grág. passim, (better as two words.)
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n. furtherance, Sturl. i. 72; koma e-u á f., to further it.
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f. pronunciation, Skálda 179; Lat. translatio, 194.
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adj. (fram-færni, f.), a putting oneself forward; úframfærinn, shy; óframfærni, shyness.
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u, f. a ‘bringing forward,’ bringing up, maintenance, Dipl. iv. 8, Grág. i. 62, 454, Jb. passim.
COMPDS: Framfærslubálkr, framfærslukerling, framfærslulauss, framfærslumaðr.
f.
1) advancing;
2) death.
f. advancing, Fms. iv. 270, Hom. 181: departing from life, Fms. ii. 164, Bs. i. 742, Post. 686 C. 2.
2. metaph. progress, freq. in mod. usage.
f.
1) advancing;
2) boldness, courage.
u, f. a ‘going forth,’ proceeding, Sks. 520, 563: a going towards the door from the inner rooms (vide fram), Fs. 140:—advancing, in battle, and metaph. valour, exploits, Ó. H. 216 sqq., Eg. 33, Nj. 127, Fms. xi. 131, Lv. 89, Ísl. ii. 368, Grett. 159. framgöngu-maðr, m. a forward, valiant man, Glúm. 331.
m.
1) advancing in battle;
2) success;
3) = framganga 2.
m. a ‘going forward,’ advancing, in battle, Fms. viii. 117: metaph. success, vi. 133, vii. 280, ix. 508, Eg. 20 (advancement): aggression, ofsi ok f., Fms. xi. 93, K. Á. 232.
pp. departed, deceased.
part. performed, Sks. 32, 560.
2. of persons, departed, deceased, Sks. 12.
a. n. brought about, successful; verða ~, to succeed.
part. n. (fem., Fms. x. 401), brought about, successful; in the phrase, verða f., to succeed, come to pass. Ld. 238, Fms. i. 277, vii. 5, 183, Sks. 32, 560, Ýt. 1.
f. forwardness.
f. = framgirni, Barl. 62.
f. forwardness.
f. forwardness, Fms. v. 246, Fbr. 121.
a. striving torward, eager.
adj. striving forward, H. E. i. 250, Thom. 28.
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n. continuation, (mod.)
n. pl. fair promises for the future.
n. pl. fair promises for the future, Sturl. iii. 232, 255.
n. forwardness, rashness.
(fram-hleypni), f. forwardness, Thom. 175.
a. rash.
adj. forward, Stj. (pref.)
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adj. leaping forward, intruding.
m. fore part.
m. the fore part, Fms. vi. 351.
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f. a rushing on, H. E. i. 501.
n. porch, entry.
n. a ‘fore-house,’ porch, entry, Njarð. 376, Fs. 149.
a. forward, hold.
adj. forward, sharp, Fms. ii. 45, Thom. 46, 180.
f. encouragement.
f. encouragement, Ld. 260, Sturl. iii. 6, Bs. ii. 72.
f. promise.
f. a promise, 655 xxxii. 21, Th. 24.
n. forecast, empty words.
n. a forecast, empty words, Eb. 46, Mar. (Fr.)
f. nave, opp. to sönghús, choir, chancel.
u, f. the ‘fore-church,’ nave, opp. to the choir or chancel, Vm. 26, Jm. 13, Bs. i. 829.
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u, f. ‘coming forward,’ fulfilment, Greg. 32, Hom. 51.
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d, to fulfil, bring about, Ó. H. 62, Bs. i. 133, ii. 147.
f. fulfilment, success, prowess.
f. fulfilment, success, prowess; vit ok f., Fms. i. 195, ii. 119, vii. 280, 300, ix. 7, 625. 175, Sks. 609.
COMPDS: framkvæmdarlauss, framkvæmdarleysi, framkvæmdarmaðr, framkvæmdarmikill.
n. outlay, contribution.
n. a ‘laying forth,’ an outlay, Fms. iv. 33, Sks. 27, Grág. i. 478: contribution, Fær. 69, Fms. vi. 307, xi. 320, 428.
2. display, Fms. ix. 495, v. l.
f. advancing (with the ships in battle).
u, f. an advancing, in battle, Hkr. iii. 122.
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adj. n. along, forwards. Hem. (MS.)
adv. further, next.
adv. [Dan. fremdeles], further, in future, K. Á. 20, Jb. 406, Sturl. iii. 269.
f. conduct (~ hans lífdaga).
u, f. a ‘leading on,’ conduct; f. lífdaga, Fms. iii. 89.
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m. the fore part of a sock, N. G. L. iii. 13.
a. excellent;
~ maðr, a fine man.
adj.; f. maðr, a fine man, Sturl. ii. 134 C, Fms. xi. 56.
a. bold, courageous.
and fram-lyndr, adj. courageous, Lex. Poët.
a.
1) bending forward;
2) prone (til e-s).
adj. ‘louting forward,’ prone, 655 xxxii. 3, Bs. ii. 20.
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f. a fore-paw.
a. with a prominent mouth (mjök eygðr ok f.).
adj. with a projecting mouth, Sturl. ii. 133 B.
f. course.
f. a ‘running forward,’ the course of time or tide, Th. 78.
f. riding on.
f. a riding on, Fms. xi. 256, Ísl. ii. 169, Karl. 350, Al. 76.
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m. the ‘fore-beds’ in a garden: metaph., hafa e-t á framreitum, to display, make a show of, Ld. 318.
f. delivery (~ sakar).
u, f. a ‘saying forth,’ as a law phrase, pleading, delivery, Nj. 36, 110, Grág. i. 37.
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u, f. a giving up, extradition, Grág. ii. 13.
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f. the launching a ship, Grág. ii. 403.
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f. rendering of Lat. transformatio, Skálda 188.
a. bald on the forehead.
adj. bald on the forehead, Fms. x. 35, Fas. ii. 149.
f. further prosecution of a case (~ sakar).
f. prosecution of a case, Fs. 74.
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u, f. = frammistaða, exertion, 655 xxxii. 3.
m. stem, prow.
m. the stem, bow, Jb. 383, Eg. 123, Fms. vii. 260, Fb. i. 431.
f. fore-sightedness.
f. foresight, Fms. x. 392, Stj. 444.
a. foreseeing.
adj. foreseeing, Fms. i. 263.
a. foreseeing, prophetic.
adj. foreseeing, prophetic, Landn. 27, Nj. 194, Háv. 41, Fs. 54, 74, Fms. i. 76, Stj. 126.
f. statement.
f. assertion, esp. of a witness, Dipl. i. 3.
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f. a front tooth, Gþl. 167.
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part. standing out, prominent, excellent.
adv. further, for the future.
adv. ‘fore-ways,’ further, for the future, Magn. 474, H. E. i. 394, Bs. i. 302.
f. prophetic spirit.
f. ‘fore-wit,’ a prophetic gift, Fas. i. 122.
a. prophetic, foreseeing.
adj. ‘fore-wise,’ prophetic, Fms. xi. 411, Vápn. 20, Gs. 13.
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m. pl. the French, Bær., Flóv., El. passim; Frankis-mál, n. the Frankish (French) tongue, Flóv. 22; Frankis-riddari, a, m. a French knight, Str. 39; Franz, f. France; Franziska, u, f. the French tongue, Bs. i. 799; Franzeis, m. [Fr. Français], a Frenchman, Bs. i. 239, in the romances passim.
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að, = freta, Ls. 32.
n. froth (= froða).
n. the froth as of roasted meat or of a roasted apple; frauðit ór hjartanu, Edda 74: in mod. usage frauð (or frauðr, m.) is the dry, withered marrow of lean and half-starved animals; þeir reikna það gras sem auki frauð, Bb. 3. 47.
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m. [Germ. frosch, etc.], a frog; kom hagl svá mikit sem frauka rigndi, Al. 169; the reading frauða-fætr in N. G. L. i. 351 ought to be frauka-fætr (frauþa = frauka), m. pl. frogs’ legs, aricles used in witchcraft; if nails (ungues), frogs’ legs, and the like were found in ‘bed or bolster,’ it made a person liable to outlawry, as being tokens of sorcery; cp. Shakespeare’s Macbeth, ‘toe of frog, wool of bat, and tongue of dog.’
I) prep. with dat.
1) from (ganga ~ lögbergi);
skamt ~ ánni, a short distance from the river;
2) away from (nökkut ~ öðrum mönnum);
3) of time, alit ~ eldingu, all along from daybreak;
dag ~ degi, one day after another;
4) from among, beyond;
gera sik auðkendan ~ öðrum mönnum, to make oneself conspicuous;
5) against;
frá líkindum, against likelihood;
6) of, about;
er mér svá ~ sagt konungi, I am told so about the king;
7) as adv. away;
hverfa ~, to turn away;
til ok ~, to and fro;
héðan í ~, hence, henceforlh;
þar út í frá, secondly, next.
II) from fregna.
prep. with dat., sometimes with í or á prefixed, ífrá, áfrá, cp. Swed. ifrån; áfra, Fms. vi. 326, 439, viii. 25, ix. 508, x. 408; í frá, xi. 16, 137, 508, Grág. ii. 30, Nj. 83, 108, passim: [Goth. fram; A. S. fram, from; Engl. from; O. H. G. fram; again in the Scandin., Swed. från; Dan. fra; Ormul. fra; so also Engl. fro (in to and fro and froward) is a Dan. form, but from a Saxon]:—from, vide af, p. 3, col. 2; ganga frá lögbergi, Nj. 87; frá landi, Ld. 118; ofan frá fjöllum, Ísl. ii. 195; frá læknum, 339: with adv. denoting direction, skamt frá ánni, Nj. 94; skamt frá landi, Ld.; upp frá bæ Una, Fs. 33, Ld. 206; niðr frá Mælifells-gili, Landn. 71; ofan frá Merki-á, Eg. 100; ut frá Unadal, Fs. 31; norðr frá garði, Nj. 153; norðr frá dyrum, Fms. viii. 25; austr frá, ix. 402; suðr frá Noregi, x. 271; skamt frá vatninu, Ld. 268; allt frá (all the way from) Gnúpu-skörðum, 124: ellipt., inn frá, útar frá, Nj. 50: with the indecl. particle er, vetfang þeim er frá (from which) var kvatt, Grág. (Kb.)
β. with names of hills, rivers, or the like, from, but ‘at’ is more freq. …
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n. a weaned lamb.
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n. the season for weaning lambs, (freq.)
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a, m. the season for weaning lambs, (freq.)
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f. a thing which makes an agreement impossible.
a. gleaming, flashing (of serpents and weapons).
adj. gleaming, flashing, acc. fránan, Fm. 32: the word seems akin to frár; only used in poetry as an epithet of serpents, and metaph. of swords and sharp weapons; fránn naðr, Vsp. 65; f. ormr, Vkv. 16; fránn dreki, frán egg, Lex. Poët. passim: of the eyes, flashing, id. Eggert uses it of a cloud gilded by the sun, sólin brauzt fram ór fránu skýi, Bb. 2. 33. POËT.
COMPDS: fráneygr, fránleitr.
a. with flashing eyes.
adj. with flashing eyes, Fm. 5.
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frán-lyndr, adj. id.:—hence as a subst. fránn, m., Edda (Gl.), Merl. 2. 17, or fræningr, m., Edda (Gl.), a serpent, (cp. Gr. δράκων from δέρκομαι.)
(frári, frástr), a. swift, lightfooted (frár á fœti).
adj., neut. frátt, compar. superl. frári, frástr, but older form frávari, frávastr, hence fráfæri, Eluc. 48; fráostr, Krók. 37; frávastu (acc.), Stj 480: [a word not found in Germ. or Engl., unless O. H. G. frô, frawer, Germ. froh = joyful, be a kindred word; but in Icel., old as well as mod., frár only conveys the notion of swiftness]:—swift, light-footed, Fms. iii. 178, Nj 258, Finnb. 236, Bs. ii. 87, Fb. i. 394.
a. worth relating.
adj. worth relating, Eg. 425.
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m. an historian, 732. 15 (better sagna-maðr).
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adj. excellent, Th. 10.
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part. different, apart. Sks. 245, v. l.
a. surpassing.
adj. (-liga, adv.), and frá-bærligr, adj. surpassing, Fas. iii. 364, Th. 10, Magn. 512.
a. surpassing.
adj. surpassing, Fms. xi. 428, Fas. i. 88, iii. 627, Th. 22.
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f. subtraction, (mod.)
m. diminution.
m. diminution, Sks. 491, 800, Anecd. 60.
n.
1) falling off, receding (~ sjófarins);
2) decease, death.
n. decease, death, Ísl. ii. 276, B. K. 126 (spelt franfall).
f. departure.
f. = fráfall, Eluc. 48.
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d, dep. to shirk, shun.
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u, f. removal, B. K. 108: the weaning of lambs, Dipl. v. 10.
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f. pl. the weaning of lambs (in June).
COMPDS: fráfærulamb, fráfærutími, fráfæruleiti.
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u, f. a going away, departure, Grág. ii. 13.
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m. a leaving one’s work well or ill done; íllr f., work badly done.
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f. pl. surpassing feats; var þat at frágerðum, it was extraordinary, Ísl. ii. 83. COMPDS, with gen. pl. surpassing, choice: frágörða-lið, n. choice troops, Lv. 93. frágörða-maðr, m. a remarkable man, Fs. 3, Fær. 52, Fms. iii. 114, x. 192. frágörða-mikill, adj. exceeding great, Fms. x. 172.
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adj. ‘froward,’ averse.
f. retreat (in a seafight; cf. leggja frá).
u, f. retreat (in a sea-fight, leggja frá), Sturl. iii. 68.
a. free, clear (from a matter).
adj. free, detached, Grág. i. 494, ii. 190.
m. swiftness, briskness.
m. (-leiki), swiftness, Fms. vi. 211, Glúm. 342, Rd. 212.
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fráleit-ligr, adj. (fráleit-liga, adv.), ‘froward,’ averse: fráleitt sinni, a reprobate mind, Rom. i. 28.
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adv. swiftly, Th. 79.
a. quick, swift.
adj. quick, swift, Lv. 73, Fbr. 27, 136, 155, Ld. 38, Háv. 39.
f. account, narrative.
u, f. a story, narrative, Sturl. i. 21, Fms. iv. 348, Eg. fine, Ld. 58. frásögu-ligr, adj. interesting, Hkr. ii. 135.
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(frá-skila, frá-skilinn), adj. separated, isolated, astray, with dat., fráskili e-m, Fas. iii. 130, Stj. 26, 655 xi. 1, Fb. i. 540: rejected, Fs. 128.
a. = fráskila.
adj. = fráskila, 655 xxxii. 27. frá-skilliga, adv. privately, Thom. 153.
m. separation.
m. separation, Stj. 195.
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part. froward, averse.
f.
1) the act of relating;
2) = frásaga.
f. = frásaga, 625. 83, Sturl. i. 1, Hkr. i. 1, Skálda 159; vera til frásagnar um e-t, to regret a thing, Ísl. ii. 267, Nj. 97, Orkn. 202.
COMPDS: frásagnamaðr, frásagnarverðr.
f. absence.
u, f. absence, Fms. iii. 164, Fb. i. 512, Bs. ii. 45.
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part. absent, Skálda.
f. absence.
f. = frávera, D. N.
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adj. insane.
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part. frozen; freð-jaki, a, m., and freð-fiskr, m., vide frjósa.
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or fret-stertr, m., and freðsterts-mát or fretstertu-mát, n., Mag. 23: [Chaucer calls the queen in chess fers, which is derived from her Persian name ferz or ferzan = a king’s captain; the Icel. word is no doubt of the same origin]:—check-mate with the queen’s pawn: other check-mates used in Icel. are heima-stertr, peð-rífr, gleiðar-mát, níumanna-mát, and many more.
(pl. -ir), m. news, intelligence information.
f. news, intelligence, Fas. ii. 368, Fms. ix. 483; flugu-fregn, gossip, a ‘canard.’
I)
(fregn; frá, frágum; fréginn), v.
1) to hear of, be informed of (þrándr frá andlát föður síns);
2) to ask (f. e-n e-s); f. e-n ráðs, to ask one’s advice.
II)
(-da or -að), v. = prec.
pret. frá, 2nd pers. frátt, fráttu, pl. frágum; pres. fregn; pret. subj. frægi, frægim, Am. 99; part. freginn; sup. fregit; with the neg. suf. fráat, Ýt. 10: in mod. usage weak fregna, að, pres. fregna, sup. fregnað: in old writers a form fregna, d, occurs early, thus, pres. fregnir, Fms. xi. 42, Jómsv. S. 2; pret. fregndi, 14; pres. subj. fregnisk (= fregnsk), Sighvat, Fms. vi. 41; pres. fregnar, Glúm. 374; sup. fregnt (= fregit), Ld. 4, is scarcely a correct form; pret. pl. fregnuðum, Dipl. v. 16, in a deed of the 14th century;—by that time the word had got its present form: [Goth. fraihnan = ἐρωταν; A. S. frignan; old Sax. gifrægnan; cp. Germ. fragen]:—to hear, be informed; er þú fregn andlát mitt, Blas. 43; er hann slíkt um fregn, Vsp. 30; Þrándr frá andlát föður síns, Landn. 214; ok frágu þau tíðendi at …, Ó. H. 106; enda fregn sakar-aðili vígit á þingi, Grág. (Kb.) ch. 107, (fregni, subj., Sb. i. 105); er hann fregn dauða hins, Kb. i. 154; eða fregn hann eigi hvar féráns-dómr átli at vera, Grág. i. 95, ok er hann fregnar (sic Ed.), safnar hann liði, Glúm. l. c.; þá frá hann til öndvegis-súlna sinna, Landn. 250; …
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1. adj. curious, in the saying, fróðr er hverr f., Art. 90.
2. read fregvíss, see Art. 4. (Ed.)
(að), v.
1) to tempt, make trial of, with gen.;
2) to try;
~ íþróttar, to try a feat;
~ sín í móti e-m, to try one’s strength against another;
with infin., ~ at renna skeið, to try to run a race.
að, [Ulf. frajsan = πειράζειν, A. S. frasjan, Hel. and O. H. G. fresan, old Frank. frasan,—all of them without t; Dan. friste; Swed. fresta]:—to try, with gen.; freista má ek þess, Eg. 606; freista sín, to try one’s prowess, Edda 31; freista sunds, Ld. 166; hafa ymiss við freistað, Ó. H. 34; freista þessar íþróttar, Edda 31; freista þessa, id.:—with um or inf., freista um fleiri leiki, 32; at hann mun f. at renna skeið, 31:—absol., bað þá f. ef …, Eg. 174, 279; freista hvé þat hlýddi, to try how, Íb. 7; freista at vér fáim drepit þá, Fms. i. 9.
β. to tempt, make trial of, with gen., which sense occurs in Vsp. 22; freistum þeirra, Fms. vii. 193; ef hans f. fírar, Hm. 25:—esp. in the religious sense, to tempt, Rb. 82, Symb. 31, Stj. 145 passim, N. T., Pass., Vídal.
f. temptation.
f. temptation, Hom. 37, 97, Greg. 18; freistnan, f. id., Stj. 145, 147, 295.
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a, m. a tempter, Hom. 45, Stj. 144, 146.
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and freistni, f. temptation, Hom. 17, 82; freistni, 17, 26, Sks. 185 B, 450 B, 623. 26, Stj. passim, Magn. 488, N. T., Pass., Vídal., and all mod. writers insert the n.
f. temptation.
f. = freistni, (mod. freq.)
a. daring, trying.
adj. daring, tempting, Sks. 98 B.
f. rigour, se verity, harshness; með freku, harshly.
(mod. frekja), u, f. hardship, Fms. x. 402, v. l., xi. 99: in the phrase, með freku, harshly, with great hardship, Eb. 128, Ó. H. 92; með svá mikilli freku at, Fms. i. 34, iv. 85, viii. 64, 135, x. 401, xi. 268; með meiri freku en fyrr var vandi til, Bs. i. 706; ánauð ok íllar frekur, Fms. vii. 75, v. l.
m. wolf (poet.).
a, m., poët. a wolf, Vsp. 51, Gm. 19.
a. freckly.
adj. freckly, Ld. 274, Sturl. ii. 133, Grett. 90.
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f. pl. [Dan. fregner; Swed. fräknar], freckles, Fél. ix.
a.
1) greedy (~ til fjár), eager;
2) harsh, rigorous (frek lög); nú skal ek vera yðr f. harðsteinn, a rough whetstone.
adj. [Ulf. -friks, in faihu-friks = φιλάργυρος; A. S. fræc; Germ. frech (bold, impudent), whence Dan. fræk; cp. Engl. freak]:—greedy; frekr til fjár, Sd. 140; frekr er hverr til fjörsins, a saying, Njarð. 374; frekir konungar, Fms. x. 416: voracious, hungry, fangs er ván at frekum úlfi, Eb. 250; svá f. at torsótt sé at fylla þik, Fs. 72: metaph. exorbitant, frek fégjöld, Gþl. 169; frek lög, harsh, unfair law, Hkr. ii. 384; frekr harðsteinn, a rough whetstone, Fms. xi. 223; frekr get ek at þeim þykki lokarr minn til frégjalda, I guess they will find my plane rough (cutting thick chips) as to the bargain, ii. 65; bora frekan atsúg at e-u, Orkn. 144; frekust orð ok umkvæði, Ísl. ii. 149: neut. frekt, as adv., frekt eru þá tekin orð mín, Fms. ii. 260; ganga frekt at e-u, Fs. 32; leita frekara eptir, Fms. x. 227.
pp. forcible.
part. forcible, Fms. x. 418.
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m. greediness; frekleikr eðr ætni, 655 xxxi. A. 3.
adv. harshly, immoderately.
adv. harshly, Ísl. ii. 385, Fms. ii. 66.
a. harsh, severe.
adj. harsh, exorbitant, Fms. vii. 293, Lv. 54.
(-ta, -tr), v.
1) to free, deliver, rescue (f. landit af hernaði);
2) f. e-m e-t, to rescue (secure) a thing for one (til at f. honum sína föðurleifð);
3) refl., ~st, to save oneself, escape.
t, mod. að, to free; frelstr, Fms. i. 79; pret. frelsti, 225. 70, Sks. 660, Gullþ. 4; frelstisk, Fms. vii. 59, x. 404, 413; frelstusk, Sks. 587 (frjalsti B); pres. frelsir, 655 xxxii. 4; imperat. frels, Hom. 159; part. frelst, Sturl. iii. 139: in mod. usage always frelsa, að, e. g. heldr frelsa (imperat.) oss frá íllu, in the Lord’s Prayer; this form occurs even in MSS. of the 14th century, e. g. frelsaði, Bs. i. 269 (MS. Arna-Magn. 482); but frelsi, l. c., in the older recension, Bs. i. 95: an older form frjálsa, að (frealsa), freq. occurs in old MSS.; pres. frjálsar, Gþl. 91; frjálsaði, Dipl. i. 11; infin. frjálsa, Sks. 349, 594 B; subj. frjálsisk, 349 B; frealsaðisk, Stj. 26: [Dan. frelse; Swed. frälsa]:—to free, deliver, rescue, passim: the law phrase, frelsa e-m e-t, to rescue a thing for one; til at f. honum sína föðurleifð, Fms. ix. 329; Egill kvaðsk frelst hafa Þórði manna-forráð, Sturl. iii. 139; frelsa þeim jörð er á, Gþl. l. c.; ok frjálsaði jörðina honum til æfinlegrar eignar, Dipl. l. c.; hann frelsaði sér þann hlut frá, er eptir var, til forráða, Bs. i. 269; ok frelsti hón sveininum (veiðina), Gullþ. 4; …
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a, m. (older obsolete form frjalsari), a saviour, Stj. passim, 655 xiii. 4: the Saviour, N. T., Pass., Vídal. passim.
n.
1) freedom;
2) leisure;
3) privilege, immunity (f. kirkjunnar).
n. (older form frjálsi, Sks. 622 B), freedom, esp. of a bondsman set free, or generally, N. G. L. i. 32, Grág. i. 357, Fms. i. 33, 222, ix. 352, Fs. 70, 126, in the laws and Sagas passim:—metaph. freedom, leisure, Fms. x. 147, v. l., Bs. i. 518, Sks. 504; náðir ok f., rest and leisure, Háv. 57: freedom, privilege, immunity, e. g. of the church, Fms. x. 14; frelsi kirkjunnar, Bs. i. 720 and passim.
COMPDS: frelsisbréf, frelsisgiöf, frelsisöl.
(-ja, -jar), m. freedman.
a, m. (frelsingr, 677. i), a freedman, Eg. 42, 67, Landn. 123.
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n. a charter of privilege, H. E. i. 386, v. l.
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f. a gift of freedom to a bondsman, Fs. 126, N. G. L. i. 33.
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n. ‘freedom-ale,’ a carouse on occasion of a bondsman being set free, N. G. L. i. 29, 32, 33.
pp. = frjálsborinn.
part. (and frjáls-borinn, Eg. 284, Grág. passim), free-born, Hom. 152.
f. furtherance, honour.
f. [frami], furtherance, honour, Hkr. iii. 99, Rd. 310, Eg. 279, Fms. viii. 321, v. l.
COMPDS: fremdarlauss, fremdarverk.
a. inglorious.
adj. inglorious, Fas. i. 33.
n. feat.
n. a feat, Fms. x. 230, Fas. i. 162, Stj. 509.
adv. only in the phrase, svá f. er, so far; esp., svá f. er, not until, not before, only when; seg þú svá f. frá því, er þessi dagr er allr, wait till this day is past before you speak of that; svá f. ef, in case that.
adv. (often, esp. in the Grág., spelt fremmi), only in the phrase, svá fremi, only so far, only in that case: temp., seg þú svá fremi frá því er þessi dagr er allr, i. e. wait just till this day is past, Nj. 96, Al. 118; jarl hafði svá fremi frétt til Erlings, er hann var nær kominn, he only heard of Erling when he was close up to him, Fms. vii. 296; skildisk Hákon konungr svá fremi við er hverr maðr var drepinn, king H. left [pursuing] only when every man was slain, Hkr. i. 151; svá f. munt þú þetta hafa upp kveðit, er ekki mun tjóa letja þik, Ó. H. 32; en svá f. vil ek at vér berim þetta fyrir alþýðu, er ek sé, 33; svá f. er unnin væri borgin, Róm. 358; svá f. at …, id., Pr. 406; svá fremi ef, in case that, Nj. 260; þá skulu þeir at dómi kveðja, ok svá f. er til varnar er boðit áðr, but only when they have called on them for the defence, i. e. not before they have, Grág. i. 256; þat er jamrétt at stefna svá fremmi hánum er hann missir hans þá er kviðarins þarf, it is equally lawful to summon a neighbour-juror in case he does not appear to deliver a verdict, 48: so far, svá fremi er upp komit, at …, Finnb. …
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(frem, framda, framiðr and framdr), v.
1) to further, promote (f. kristni); f. sik, to distinguish oneself;
2) to perform, practice; f. heiðni, to practice heathen worship; f. sund, to swim; to gain distinction.
3) refl., ~st, to gain distinction.
pret. framði, pres. frem, part. framiðr, framdr, mod. also framinn; [A. S. fremman; Dan. fremme]:—to further, promote; fremja Kristni, to further Christianity, Fms. x. 416; fremja sik, to distinguish oneself, Nj. 254; fremja sik á e-u, Sks. 25 B; þóttú þykisk hafa framit þik utan-lendis, Glúm. 342; sá er framiðr er framarr er settr, Edda 127.
2. to perform, exercise, Fms. i. 260, vii. 164, 625. 60, 656 A. 2. 18, Hom. 52, 655 xi. 4, Og. 146, Nj. 10; fremja seið, heiðni, N. G. L. i. 19, Hkr. i. 19; fremja munaðlífi, 625. 41; fremja sund, to swim, Rm. 32.
β. in mod. usage often in a bad sense, to commit, e. g. fremja glæp, löst, etc.
II. reflex. to advance oneself; hann hafði mikit framisk í utan-ferð sinni, Fms. iii. 122, v. 345.
2. in a pass. sense (rarely), Hom. 72.
III. part. fremjandi, a performer, Edda 68.
adv. compar., more (= framarr).
and fremst, vide fram.
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u, f., poët. a cow, Edda (Gl.), Bb. 3. 41.
COMPDS: frenjuligr and frenjuskapr, m..
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adj. hoydenish.
n. frost, frosty soil; f. var hart úti, it was hard frost; esp. pl., bíða frøra, to wait for frost.
n. pl., also spelt freyr or better frör, (in mod. usage freðar, m. pl.), [Ulf. frius, 2 Cor. xi. 27; Old Engl. frore as an adj. or adv.]:—frost, frosty soil; fara at freyrum, to travel when it begins to freeze; bíða fröra, to wait for frost, Ó. H. 17; at frerum, 198; en er konungi þótti ván fröra, 122; frer ok snjóva, Bs. i. 872: in sing., frer var hart úti, a hard frost, ii. 22.
COMPDS: frerjaki, frermánuðr.
pp. frozen (f. skór).
and frörinn, part. of frjósa, = frozen, mod. freðinn.
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a, m. a piece of ice, Bárð. 9 new Ed.
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m. the frost month, answering to December, Edda.
(pl. -ar), m.
1) tom-cat (eigandi ~a, Freyja);
2) bear.
m. a tom-cat, Edda 63, Grág. i. 501; also called fress-köttr, m., and steggr, q. v.:—a bear, Edda (Gl.), Korm. (in a verse).
n. delay, respite; á viku ~i, at the end of a week; also pl., þótt ~in væri löng, although the delay was long; ljá e-m ~a, to give one respite; selja á f., to sell on credit.
usually n. pl., but also f. sing. (in mod. usage frestr, m.), delay; löng frest, Fms. ii. 216: ok væri þar lögð frest á, Hkr. i. 292; þessi frest, Stj. 446; þó at frestin væri löng, Fms. v. 72; biðja sér fresta, ii. 114, Rb. 364; ljá e-m fresta um e-t, Fms. iv. 225, Hom. 33; Uni kvað sér ílla líka öll frestin, Fs. 32: the saying, frest eru ílls bezt, Fms. v. 294,—mod., frestr er á illu bestr: the phrase, selja á frest, to sell on credit, Vápn. 7, Sturl. 91, Gísl. 12; hence frest-skuld, f. credit, Snót 62.
(að), v. to defer, put off, with dat. (f. brúðlaupi); absol. to tarry.
að, to defer, put up, with dat., Ld. 322, Ó. H. 95. Orkn. 48, Fms. viii. 327, Fb. iii. 408: absol. to delay, tarry, Lv. 52, Fms. ix. 355: reflex. to be delayed, upset, Fær. 93, Fs. 74, Korm. 134, Fbr. 185, Fms. v. 318.
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f. delay, Fb. ii. 42, better frestin.
(fret, frat, and að), v. to break wind (~ við).
pret. frat, mod. að, to fart, Lat. pedere, Dropl. 31, Lv. 54.
m. fart; reka fret, to break wind.
m. a fart, Fms. vi. 280.
m. contemptible fellow.
m. a ‘fart-churl,’ vagabond, Lv. 59, Fs. 160, Ísl. ii. 483.
(-dda, -tt), v. to froth.
dd, [frauð], to froth; með freyðanda munni, Al. 168: of roasting, Fas. i. 163: of matter, freyddi ór upp blóð ok vágr, Ísl. ii. 218.
f. lady; the goddess Freyja.
1. u, f. a lady, in hús-freyja, q. v.; prop. the goddess Freyja, Edda.
2. u, f. a lady; freyja mín es vanheil, Clem. 135.
(gen. freys), m.
1) lord;
2) the god Frey.
m. [Goth. frauja = Gr. κύριος; A. S. freâ; Hel. frô = a lord], is in the Scandin. only used as the pr. name of the god Freyr, Edda, Vsp., etc.; for the worship of Frey cp., besides the Edda, Gísl. ch. 15, Hrafn. ch. 2, Glúm. ch. 9, the talc of Gunnar Helming in Fms. ii. ch. 173, 174, Vd. ch. 10, also Landn. 174, Fms. v. 239.
COMPDS: Freysgoði, Freysgyðlingar, Freystafl.
m. priest of Frey.
a, m. the priest of Frey, a nickname, Hrafn.
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m. pl. priests or worshippers of Frey, the name of a family in the south-east of Icel., Landn.
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n. the game of Frey, probably what is now called goða-tafl, Flóv.
(pl. -ir), f.
1) news, intelligence;
2) enquiry about the future (ganga til ~ar við e-n).
f. [akin to fregn, but contracted], news, intelligence, Fms. xi. 101, Nj. 175, Bs. i. 735, Grett. 122, Fs. 15, 27; very freq. in mod. usage, esp. in pl. fréttir, news; hvat er í fréttum, what news? in compds, frétta-blað, a newspaper; fregn and tíðindi (q. v.) are only used in a peculiar sense.
2. enquiry, Grág. i. 35, obsolete.
β. in a religious sense, enquiring of gods or men about the future, Nj. 273: the phrase, ganga til fréttar við e-n; Sigurðr gékk til fréttar við móður sína, hón var margkunnig, Orkn. 28; þangat géngu menn til frétta, Fs. 19; gékk hann þá til sónarblóts til fréttar, Hkr. i. 24; biskup gékk til fréttar við Guð, 686 B. 13.
(-tta, -ttr), v.
1) to hear, get intelligence;
2) to ask, enquire (f. e-n e-s or at e-u); f. tíðenda, to ask for news; f. e-n upp, to find one out;
3) refl. to get about, be reported (þetta fréttist um heraðit); fréttist alls ekki til hans, nothing was heard of him; fréttist mér svá til, I am told; fréttust þeir tíðenda, they asked each other for news; ~st fyrir, to enquire.
tt, to hear, get intelligence, Korm. 160, Am. 1, Nj. 5, Eg. 123, Ísl. ii. 164; very freq., whereas fregna is obsolete.
2. to ask, enquire, Korm. 216, Pass. 11. 4, 21. 8; frétta tíðenda, to ask for news, Fms. i. 101; frétta e-n upp, to find one out, Edda (pref.); frétta at mönnum, Nj. 34.
II. reflex. to get about, be reported, of news; þetta fréttisk um héraðit, Korm. 198; fréttisk alls ekki til hans, nothing was heard of him, Ísl. ii. 168; frettisk mér svá til, I am told, Boll. 338, Fms. iv. 231.
β. recipr. to ask one another for news; fréttusk þeir tíðenda, Boll. 336; fréttask fyrir, to enquire, Fs. 78.
a. eager for news, inquisitive (um e-t, about a thing).
adj. curious, eager for news, Fms. i. 184, v. 299, Bs. i. 776.
(að), v. to pacify, restore to peace (f. ríki sitt); f. fyrir e-m, to make peace for, intercede for one (við e-n, with another);
refl., ~st við e-n, to reconcile oneself to another.
að, [cp. A. S. freodian], to pacify, restore to peace; friða ok frelsa, Fms. i. 110; friða ok frelsa land, Ó. H. 189; friða fyrir e-m, to make peace for one, to reconcile; friða fyrir kaupmönnum, Fms. vii. 16; friða fyrir þeim bræðrum við Kolbein, to intercede for them with K., Sturl. iii. 4; friða fyrir önduðum, to make peace for the dead, intercede for them, by singing masses, Bs. i. 65; hann friðaði vel fyrir landi sínu, he pacified the land, Fms. vii. 16:—in mod. usage esp. to protect by law (birds or other animals), friða fugl, varp, to protect eider-ducks.
II. reflex., friðask við e-n, to seek for reconciliation or to reconcile oneself to another, Fms. iii. 155, v. 202, Al. 85: in a pass. sense, Fms. viii. 152.
f. pacifying.
f. pacifying, Fb. ii. 339: mod. protection.
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a, m. spirit of peace, Pass. 21. 13.
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n. a bond of peace, H. E. i. 470.
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n. an offer of peace.
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n. a proclamation of peace, 656 C. 30.
f. letter of peace.
n. a letter of peace, Fms. x. 133.
m. peaceful meeting.
m. a peaceful meeting, Fms. x. 38.
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f. = friðgörð, Sks. 45, 655 xxxii. 24.
m. kiss of peace.
m. a kiss of peace, osculum pacis, Magn. 478, Bs. i. 175.
n. token of peace.
n. = friðmark, Þorf. Karl. 422, 625. 9.
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m. = friðmenn, Lv. 96.
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m. = friðskjöldr, Fas. i. 462.
f. peace-meeting.
u, f. a peace meeting, Fms. vi. 27.
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n. a peace settlement, Pass. 21. 8, cp. Luke xxiii. 12.
n. friðar-mark.
n. a token of peace, Al. 59.
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a, m. a time of peace, Bret. 50.
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n. pl.; this curious word is analogous to systkin, feðgin, mæðgin, and seems to mean lovers; it only occurs twice, viz. in Clem., þá varð hvárt þeirra friðgina öðru fegit, 37; and in the poem Pd. 53, but here the verse is in a fragmentary state.
m. lover.
m. a lover, gallant, poët., Vkv. 27; cp. friðgin.
f. a man’s mistress or concubine (friðlur áttu þeir brœðr).
u, f., usually contr. frilla, [Dan. frille], prop. = Lat. amica, a fem. answering to friðill, q. v.; en fríða frilla, the fair mistress, Hým. 30; but in prose in a bad sense a harlot, concubine, Fms. i. 2, viii. 63, Sturl. ii. 73, Sks. 693.
COMPDS: frillubarn, frilluborinn, frilludóttir, frillulifnaðr, frillulífi, frillumaðr, frillusonr, frillutak.
(gen. friðar), m.
1) peace, personal security. biðja e-n friðar, to sue for peace;
2) love, friendship frið at kaupa, to purchase (thy) love.
m., gen. friðar, dat. friði, [Ulf. renders εἰρήνη by gavairþi, but uses the verb gafriþon = καταλλάττειν, and gafriþons = καταλλαγή; A. S. frið and freoðo; mod. Germ. friede; Dan. and Swed. fred; lost in Engl., and replaced from the Lat.]:—peace, but also personal security, inviolability: in the phrases, fyrirgöra fé ok friði, to forfeit property and peace, i. e. be outlawed, Gþl. 160; setja grið ok frið, to ‘set,’ i. e. make, truce and peace, Grág. ii. 167: til árs ok friðar, Hkr. i. 16; friðr ok farsæla, Bs. i. 724; vera í friði, to be in safe keeping, Al. 17; biðja e-n friðar, to sue for peace, Hbl. 28; about the peace of Fróði cp. Edda 78–81, it is also mentioned in Hkv. 1. 13, and Vellekla.
2. peace, sacredness of a season or term, cp. Jóla-f., Páska-f., the peace (truce) of Yule, Easter; ann-friðr, q. v.
3. peace, rest, tranquillity; gefa e-m frið, to give peace, rest; gefat þínum fjándum frið, Hm. 128.
4. with the notion of love, peace, friendship; friðr kvenna, Hm. 89; frið at kaupa, to purchase love, Skm. …
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(-da, -dr), v. to fasten the sword in the sheath with friðbönd.
d, to furnish with friðbönd, Krók. 40.
f. peace-making.
f. peace-making, O. H. L. 10.
n. breach of peace.
n. a breach of the peace, Eg. 24, Gþl. 21, Ó. H. 190, Eb. 24. friðbrots-maðr, m. a peace-breaker, Sturl. iii. 161.
n. pl. ‘peace-bonds’ (straps wound round the sheath and fastened to a ring in the hilt); spretta ~um, to undo the peace-straps (before drawing the sword).
n. pl. ‘peace-bonds,’ straps wound round the sheath and fastened to a ring in the hilt when the weapon was not in use; hence the phrase, spretta friðböndunum, to untie the ‘peace-straps,’ before drawing the sword, Sturl. iii. 186, Gísl. 55; the use of the word in Krók. 40 is undoubtedly wrong: cp. the drawings in old MSS.
m. peace-maker.
a, m. a peace-giver, Fb. iii. 386.
f. pl. enticements to peace (bera ~ á e-n).
f. pl. enticements of peace, in the phrase, bera friðgælur á e-n, to make overtures for peace to one, Bjarn. 55.
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f. ‘peace-making,’ truce, treaty, Fms. vi. 63, x. 155, Stj. 566, 650; a part of the Ó. H. is called Friðgörðar-saga, u, f., referring to the negotiation for peace between Sweden and Norway, A. D. 1018.
a. inviolate.
adj. inviolate, Gþl. 129, N. G. L. i. 4, K. Á. 30, Fs. 150.
(að), v. to make inviolate.
að, to proclaim inviolate, Nj. 101, Lv. 7.
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f. inviolability, protection by law, Landn. 97, Fms. i. 80.
m. asylum.
a, m. a ‘castle of peace,’ asylum, Fas. iii. 248.
n. purchase of peace.
n. purchase of peace, Gþl. 142, Fbr. 18 new Ed., Fms. v. 327.
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keypti, to purchase peace, Ísl. ii. 442.
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u, f. the nickname of a lady, Fms. vii. 63.
n. friendly country, place of retreat.
n. a ‘peace-land’ or friendly country, Fms. ii. 132, Hkr. i. 295: used in the laws of old freebooters (víkingar), who made a compact not to plunder a country, on condition of having there a free asylum and free market;—such a country was called friðland, Eg. 245, Fms. xi. 62, Ísl. ii. 334.
a. outlawed, proscribed.
adj. outlawed, Fms. vii. 204, N. G. L. i. 15, K. Á. 142.
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lagði, to make peace, Fms. iii. 73.
adv. peacefully.
adv. peaceably, Fms. ii. 124.
a. peaceful, peaceable.
adj. peaceable, Hom. 143, Fms. v. 248, Nj. 88, Eb. 266.
n. token of peace.
n. a token of peace, Fms. x. 347.
n. words of peace; bera ~ milli manna, to act as peacemaker.
n. pl. words of peace, Fms. vii. 23.
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m. pl. men of peace, friends, Ld. 76, Lv. 102, Stj. 213, Fms. vi. 28, x. 244, H. E. i. 243; friðmenn konungs, the king’s friends or allies, id.
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t, to sue for peace, Krók. 62; f. við e-n, id., Stj. 398.
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að, to pacify; friðsama heilaga kirkju, Hom. (St.)
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adv. peaceably, Fms. vii. 312, Hkr. ii. 282, Stj. 183.
a. peaceable.
adj. peaceable, Fms. i. 25, Stj. 301, 505, 558.
a. peaceful.
adj. peaceful, Stj. 187: a name of the mythical king Fróði, Fb. i. 27: also Frið-Fróði, id.
f. peacefulness.
f. peacefulness, Fms. vi. 441.
f. peacefulness.
f. = friðsemd, Grág. pref. p. 168.
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samdi, to make peace, Fr.
m. truce-shield; bregða upp friðskildi, to lift the shield of truce.
m. a ‘peace-shield,’ a shield being used as a sign of truce, answering to the mod. flag of truce; in the phrase, bregða upp friðskildi, Fas. ii. 534, Orkn. 432, Hkr. iii. 205: the truce-shield was white and opp. to the red ‘war-shield,’ Hkv. 1. 33.
n. breach of peace.
n. a breach of the peace, Fb. ii. 56.
m. sanctuary in a temple, asylum.
m. an asylum, sacred place in a temple, Eb. 6 new Ed.
f. = friðarstefna.
u, f. = friðarstefna, Edda 47.
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t, to settle, atone, Pass. 3. 14.
m. chair of peace.
m. a chair of peace, Sturl. i. 155 C.
f. bliss of peace.
u, f. the bliss of peace, Bs. i. 723.
a. blessed with peace.
adj. blessed with peace, Hkr. i. 17.
a. giving promise of peace.
adj. promising peace, Fms. i. 26, 132.
a. giving promise of peace.
adj. promising peace, safe, Fms. ix. 5.
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f. propitiation, Vídal.
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ð, to propitiate, of Christ, Vídal.
(gen. -jar), f. the goddess ~ (the wife of Odin).
f. a pr. name, gen. friggjar, [cp. A. S. frigu = love], the heathen goddess Frigg, Edda, Vsp.
COMPDS: Friggjarelda, Friggjargras, Friggjarstjarna.
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u, f. a bird, prob. = mod. Máriatla, the wagtail, motacilla alba Linn., Edda (Gl.)
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n. ‘Frigg’s herb,’ the mandrake, Hjalt.
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u, f., astron. ‘Frigg’s star,’ Venus, Clem. 26.
f. a man’s mistress or concubine (friðlur áttu þeir brœðr).
v. friðla.
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m. a bastard child, Landn. 174, Fms. xi. 212.
pp. bastard-born.
part. bastard-born, Fas. i. 354.
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f. an illegitimate daughter, Gþl. 238, 239.
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m. fornication, whoredom, Jb. 137.
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n. id., K. Á. 218, H. E. i. 477; in the N. T. = the Gr. μοιχεία.
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m. an adulterer, = Gr. μοιχός, N. T.; in pl., Bs. i. 684.
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m. an illegitimate son, Gþl. 237, 238, Hkr. i. 100, 198, Landn. 260.
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n., in the phrase, taka frillutaki, to take as concubine, Eg. 343, Fms. ii. 291, vii. 110, Sturl. iii. 270.
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n. adj. peaceful, Eg. 572, Stj. 471, 475; in the phrase, e-m er fritt (or eiga fritt), one’s person being safe; hversu vel mun honum fritt at koma á yðvarn fund, how safe will it be for him to come to you? Fms. vii. 167; Högni spurði, hvárt þeim skyldi fritt vera, Sturl. ii. 144 C; eiga í flestum stöðum ílla fritt, Fbr. 48 new Ed.; ef eigi væri allt fritt (safe) af Steingríms hendi, Rd. 277; þá var ílla fritt, things were ill at ease, uneasy, Bs. i. 363; hvárt skal mér fritt at ganga á fund yðvarn, Fb. iii. 453.
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n. a mod. college term, vacation, probably from Lat. feria.
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1. adj. = fráls, free, released, vacant, used in a less noble sense than frjáls, q. v.; frí is foreign, but freq. in mod. writers:—used as adv. freely, truly, in mod. poets, Pass. 7. 12, 18. 9, 19. 8, 38. 5.
2. m. [Dan. frier = a wooer, cp. frjá], a lover, = friðill, an απ. λεγ., Hým. 9, cp. friðla; Höfuðl. 15 is dubious.
(að), v. to deliver (f. e-n e-u) refl. fríast, to free oneself.
að, to deliver, Lv. 94 better firrum: reflex. to free oneself, Fms. xi. 424.
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f. (in Ó. H. 206 frion), remission, an απ. λεγ., Fms. v. 55, Pass. 13. 13.
(-dda, -ddr), v. to adorn.
d (?), to adorn, Fms. vii. 276, Fas. ii. 196, Ld. 198.
n. pl. good or fine things;
heita e-m fríðendum, to make fair promises.
n. pl. good things; heita e-m fríðendum, to make fair promises, Gísl. 70, Fms. v. 157, Niðrst. 6; allir kostir ok öll f., Clem. 29; er nökkut þat er til fríðenda sé um mik, is there anything good in me? Fms. vi. 207; revenue, reki með öllum fríðendum, Ám. 12, 15; heimaland með öllum fríðendum, 52.
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and fríkka, að, to grow fine and handsome.
(fríð, frítt), a.
1) beautiful, handsome (f. sýnum);
2) fine (frítt lið, föruneyti);
3) paid in kind; tólf hundruð fríð, twelve hundred head of cattle in payment; fjórir tigir marka fríðs, forty marks of silver paid in cattle. cf. ú~.
adj., neut. frítt, compar. fríðari, superl. fríðastr, [a Scandin. word, not found either in A. S. or Germ.]:—fair, beautiful, handsome, chiefly of the face; fríðr sýnum, Eg. 22. 23, Nj. 2, Fas. i. 387, Fms. i. 2, 17: fine, lið mikit ok frítt, 32, vii. 231; mikit skip ok frítt, Fagrsk.; fríð veizla, Fb. ii. 120; með friðu föruneyti, Ld. 22: metaph. specious, unfair, Fms. x. 252.
II. paid in kind; tólf hundruð fríð, twelve hundred head of cattle in payment, Finnb. 226; tólf álnum fríðum, Dipl. ii. 20; hve margir aurar skulu í gripum (in valuables), eða hve margir fríðir (in cattle), Grág. i. 136; arfi ens fríða en eigi ens ófríða, he inherits the cattle but not the other property, 221; fjóra tigi marka silfrs fríðs, forty marks of silver paid in cattle, Eg. 526, v. l. Icel. at present call all payment in kind ‘í fríðu,’ opp. to cash; í fríðu ok úfríðu, H. E. i. 561.
III. as noun in fem. pr. names, Hólm-fríðr, Hall-fríðr, etc., Landn.; and Fríða, u, f. as a term of endearment for these pr. names.
m. personal beauty.
(-leiki), m. personal beauty, Eg. 29, Fms. x. 234; fríðleikr, afl, ok fræknleikr, Hkr. i. 302; fríðleikinum samir hinn bezti búnaðr, iii. 264.
2. fríðendi; svá mikla penninga at vexti ok fríðleik, Dipl. i. 11; fimmtán kúgildi með þvílíkum fríðleik sem …, ii. 12, Vm. 74; með þeim fríðleika sem fyrr segir, Jm. 31.
m. pl. the Frisians.
m. pl. the Frisians, Fms., Eg. passim. Frís-land, n. Frisia. Frískr, adj. Frisian, Fms. vi. 362.
a. Frisian.
adj. [O. H. G. frisc; mod. Germ. frisch], frisky, brisk, vigorous, (mod. word); frísk-leiki, a, m. friskiness, briskness, vigour; frísk-legr, adj. (-lega, adv.), friskily, briskly.
(-ða, -ðr), v. to love; sá fær er frjár, he that woos wins.
f. a sweetheart, Skv. 3. 8, and perh. in Fsm. 5 for fán of the MS.
(-ða, -ðr), v. to love; sá fær er frjár, he that woos wins.
ð, [Ulf. renders ἀγαπαν and φιλειν by frijon, and ἀγάπη by frjaþva; akin to friðr, friðill; in Icel. this word has almost entirely disappeared, except in the part. frændi, which is found also in Engl. friend, Germ. freund: frjá has thus met with the same fate as its antagonist fjá (to hate); both have been lost as verbs, while the participles of each, fjándi and frændi, fiend and friend, remain:—vrijen, to woo, still remains in Dutch; and the mod. High Germ. freien and Dan. frie are borrowed from Low Germ.]:—to pet, an απ. λεγ. in Mkv. 5,—annars barn er sem úlf at frjá, to pet another man’s bairn is like petting a wolf, i. e. he will never return your love. The passage Ls. 19 is obscure and probably corrupt.
f. Friday fast.
u, f. a Friday fast, Fms. x. 381.
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m. Friday evening, Sturl. ii. 210 C:
n. Friday evening (cf. frjáaptann, frjákveld).
n. id., Sturl. ii. 211 C:
f. Friday night.
f. Friday night, Fms. viii. 35 (v. l.), Nj. 186:
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n. a Friday meeting, Rb. 332:
a.
1) free, opp. to þræll (f. maðr);
2) free, unhindered (láta e-n fara ~an); eiga. e-t at ~u, to possess freely, without restraint.
adj., dat. and gen. sing. fem. and gen. pl. frjálsi, frjálsar, and frjálsa in old writers, but mod. frjálsri, frjálsrar, frjálsra, inserting r, [a contracted form from fri-hals; Ulf. freihals; O. H. G. frihals; the A. S. freols is prob. Scandin., as it is not used in old poetry: frjáls therefore properly means ‘free-necked,’ a ring round the neck being a badge of servitude; but the Icel. uses the word fri only in the compound frjáls, which is lost in Dan., though it remains in Swed. frälse and ufrälse man; the mod. Dan. and Swed. fri is borrowed from the Germ. frei, and so is the Icel. frí:—Ulf. renders ἐλευθερία by freihals, but ἐλεύθερος by freis]:—free, opp. to bondsman; frjáls er hverr er frelsi er gefit, N. G. L. i. 32; ef þræll getr barn við frjálsi konu, Grág. (Kb.) i. 224; skal þik bæta sem frjálsan mann, Nj. 57: metaph. free, unhindered, láta e-n fara frjálsan, Fms. i. 15: of property, frjálst forræði, eign, yfirráð, free, full possession, D. N. passim; skógar frjálsir af ágangi konunnga ok íllræðis-manna, Fs. 20: neut., eiga … at frjálsu, to possess freely, without restraint, Fms. …
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(að), v. to free (= frelsa).
að, to free, vide frelsa, Stj., Barl., D. N., Sks., Karl., passim.
f. rescue, preservation.
f. rescue, Stj. 50.
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a, m. = frelsari, Stj. 51.
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f. freedom, an unusual form, = frelsi, cp. Ulf. freihals.
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f. deliverance, Karl.
a. appropriate to a free man.
adj. like a free man. Grett. 109.
pp. free-born.
part. freeborn, vide frelsborinn.
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(-gefa), u, f. a freed-woman, N. G. L. i. 327, 358.
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a, m. a ‘free-given’ man, freed-man, in the Norse law distinguished from and lower than a leysingi, q. v., N. G. L. i. 345, 347.
II. one that gives freedom, Grág. i. 227.
m. liberty.
(-leiki), m. liberty, 655 xxxii. 4: metaph. liberality, frankness, Fms. xi. 422, Stj. 201.
m. franklin.
m. a free tenant, franklin, Karl.
adv. freely.
adv. freely, frankly, Hkr. i. 138, Fms. v. 194, Sks. 619, Stj. 154.
a. free, independent.
adj. free, frank, independent, Sks. 171, 523, 546.
(-ða, -ðr), v. to love; sá fær er frjár, he that woos wins.
in the COMPDS: Frjáaptan, Frjádagr, Frjádagsaptan, Frjádagskveld, Frjádagsnótt, Frjádagsþing, Frjádagafasta, Frjákveld, Frjámorginn, Frjánótt.
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m. Friday evening, Sturl. ii. 216.
m. Friday.
m. Friday, Rb. 112, 572, Jb. 200; langi F., Good Friday, K. Á. 68 passim:
n.
1) eve of Friday; Friday evening.
n. = frjáaptan, Hkr. iii. 277, Sturl. ii. 211 C.
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m. Friday morning, Fms. viii. 35, Orkn. (in a verse, App.)
f. Friday night.
f. = frjádagsnótt, Fms. viii. 35. It is remarked above, s. v. dagr, that this ‘frjá’ is derived from the A. S. form Freâ, answering to the northern Freyr, Goth. Frauja, and is a rendering of the eccl. Lat. dies Veneris, as in eccl. legends the Venus of the Lat. is usually rendered by Freâ (Freyja) of the Teutonic. This word is now obsolete in Icel., as Friday is now called Föstudagr, vide fasta.
(dat. frjó and frjóvi), n. = fræ.
n. (and freo), dat. freovi, = fræ, seed, Th. 23, Stj. 97, 196, H. E. i. 513.
COMPDS: frjókorn, frjólaun, frjólauss, frjóleikr, frjóligr.
(frjó, frjótt), a. fertile.
adj. fertile, Stj. 75, passim.
(frýs; fraus, frusum; frosinn; also freri or frøri, frerinn or frørinn), v. to freeze, esp. impers., fraus um hann klæðin (acc.), the clothes froze on his body; fraus inni skip (acc.) Erlings, Erling’s ships were frozen in; veðr var kalt ok ~nda, cold and frosty; frýss haf allt optliga á vetrum, the whole sea often freezes in winter.
pret. fraus, pl. frusu; pres. frýss, mod. frýs; pret. subj. frysi, but freri, Gísl. 32; part. frosinn, sup. frosit; an older declension analogous to gróa, gröri, is, pret. fröri or freri, part. frörinn or frerinn, mod. freðinn, altering the r into ð, whereto frer (q. v.) belongs: [O. H. G. friosan; mod. Germ. frieren; A. S. freosan; Engl. freeze; Dan. fryse; Swed. frysa]:—to freeze; often used impers. it freezes them (of earth, water, etc.), i. e. they are frozen, ice-bound, stiff with ice; þar fraus þá (acc.) um naetr, A. A. 272; fraus um hann klæðin (acc.), the clothes froze about his body, Fs. 52; aldrei skal hér frjósa korn (acc.), Fms. v. 23; hann (acc., viz. the well) frýss svá, at …, Stj. 96; þeir ætluðu at bíða þess at skip (acc.) Ólafs konungs freri þar í höfninni, until king Olave’s ship should be ice-bound, Fms. v. 167:—of the weather, absol., veðr var kalt ok frjósanda, cold and frosty, Grett. 134; vindr var á norðan ok frjósandi, Sturl. i. 83; aldrei festi snjó útan ok sunnan á hangi Þorgríms ok ekki fraus, … at hann mundi ekki vilja at freri á milli þeirra, Gísl. 32; but frysi, l. …
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(að), v. to fertilize;
refl., frjóvast, multiply, be fertile.
að, and frjóa, mod. frjófga or frjóvga, to fertilise, Stj. 69, 73; frjóvandi, part. blossoming, Sks. 630, 632:—reflex. to multiply, be fertile, Fms. i. 159, Fas. i. 177, Stj. 61.
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f. fertilising, Stj. 13: mod. frjófgan, Pass. 32. 2.
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adj. fertile (ófrjósamr, barren), Sturl. 101.
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mod. frjóf-semi, f. fertility.
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n. = frækorn, Gþl. 351 A.
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n. pl. reward for the seed sown, N. G. L. i. 240.
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adj. seedless, barren, Magn. 494.
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(-leiki), m. fertility, Stj. 56, 202, 398.
a. fruitfull.
adj. fruitful, Stj. 76, Fb. ii. 24.
f. froth (= frauð).
u, f. (cp. frauð), froth, e. g. on milk, Fas. i. 425, freq. in mod. usage.
COMPDS: froðufall, froðufella.
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n. a frothing or foaming at the mouth.
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d, to foam.
(-s, -ar), m. frog.
m., in olden times prob. proncd. fröskr, cp. the rhyme, öðlingr skyli einkar röskr | æpa kann í mörum fröskr, Mkv.; [A. S. frox, cp. Engl. frog; O. H. G. frosc; mod. Germ. frosch; Dan. frö]:—a frog, Hkr. i. 102, Stj. 23, 269, Fms. x. 380. 656 A. 2. 11.
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t, to let (a horse) leap like a frog, Gþl. 412.
n. frost;
~ var veðrs, it was frosty weather;
in pl., ~ mikil ok kuldar, much frost and cold;
~ ok snjóar, frost and snow.
n. [frjósa; A. S. fyrst; Engl., Germ., Dan., and Swed. frost]:—frost: allit., frost ok funi, Sl. 18, Fas. iii. 613; frost veðrs, Fms. ix. 241: often used in pl., frost mikil ok kuldar, ii. 29; frosta vetr, a frosty winter, Ann. 1348; frost ok snjóar, frost and snow; hörku-f., a sharp frost. frosta-tól, n. ‘frosty tools’ i. e. frail tools or implements that crack as if frost-bitten.
(að), v. impers. to freeze, = frysta (hvert haust, er f. tók).
= frysta, to freeze, Fær. 56.
(að), v. impers. to freeze, = frysta (hvert haust, er f. tók).
n. the name of a county in Norway where a parliament, Frosta-þing, was held; hence Frostaþings-lög, n. pl. the laws of the county Frosta, N. G. L. Frostaþings-bók, f. the code of this law, N. G. L. i. 126, Fms. passim.
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a, m. the name of a horse, freq. in Icel.
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u, f. ‘frost-swelling,’ of hands swoln by frost.
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m. pl. ‘frost-cracks’ in ice, such as are heard during a strong frost.
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adj. very frosty, Sks. 227 B.
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f. pl. ‘frost-roses,’ frost work.
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m. a frosty winter, Ann. 1047.
n. frosty weather.
n. frosty weather, Fms. ii. 195, Sturl. iii. 198 C.
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tt, [akin to frata], to sputter; með frottandi vörum, with sputtering lips, Sks. 228 B.
f. relief (from pain), comfort.
f. relief, esp. from pain, Hkr. i. 6, Mar., 656 A. 25, Sks. 107 B, Bs. i. 181. 299; hug-fró, geð-fró, mind’s comfort: allit. phrase, friðr og fró, peace and relief, Bb. 3. 3.
(að), v. to relieve, with acc.
að, to relieve, with acc., þá er þér vilit fróa manninn, Þorst. St. 55: mod. with dat., chiefly used impers., e-m fróar, one feels relief.
f. relief, = fró.
f., and frói, a, m. relief, = fró, Bs. i. 312, Fas. iii. 388.
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f. love of knowledge, Skálda.
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f. pl. books of information, Rb. 342.
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f. the apple of knowledge, Sks. 503.
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n. the tree of knowledge, 625. 3.
a. knowing, learned, well-informed (hón var fróð at mörgu); fróðar bœkr, instructive books.
adj. [Ulf. frôþs = φρόνιμος, σοφός, σώφρων, συνετός; Hel. frôd; A. S. frôd]:—knowing, learned, well-instructed; fróðr, er margkunnigr er, Fms. xi. 413; hón var fróð at mörgu, Nj. 194; þat er sögn fróðra manna, Ísl. ii. 206; verða fróðari um e-t, Sks. 37; at Finnum tveim er hér eru fróðastir (greatest wizards), Fms. i. 8; fás er fróðum vant, little is lacking to the knowing, cp. the Engl. ‘knowledge is power,’ Hm. 107: of books, containing much information, instructive, bækr beztar ok fróðastar, Bs. i. 429.
β. in some passages in Hm. fróðr seems to mean clever, Hm. 7, 27, 30, 6l, 107; þá nam ek at frævask ok fróðr vera, 142; fróðir menn, knowing men, Ýt. 6; fróð regin, the wise powers, Vþm. 26; enn fróði jötunn, 30, 33, 35:—in some few poët. compds (in which it seems to be used almost = prúðr, brave, valiant, as böð-f., eljun-f.) the true meaning is skilled in war (cp. the Gr. δαιφρων); sann-f., truly informed; óljúgfróð, Íb. 4; ú-fróðr, ignorant, = Goth. unfróþs, which Ulf. uses to translate ἄφρων, ἀνόητος; sögu-fróðr, skilled in old lore. As fróðr chiefly refers to historical knowledge, ‘hinn Fróði’ was an appellation given to the old Icel. …
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m.
1) knowledge, information;
2) magic, witchcraft.
m. knowledge, 625. 50, Landn. 89, Grág. i. 3, Skálda 160, Sks. 626; til fróðleiks ok skemtunar, for information and pleasure, Edda (pref.): with a notion of sorcery, Þorf. Karl. 374, Fs. 131.
COMPDS: fróðleiksást, fróðleiksbækr, fróðleiksepli, fróðleikstré.
adv. sensibly; eigi ~, foolishly.
adv. cleverly, Fms. iii. 163; eigi er nú f. spurt, Edda 8.
a. sensible.
adj. clever, Sks. 553: mod. curious.
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adj., akin to framr, prob. borrowed from Germ. fromm, Low Germ. from; it seems to have come to Icel. with the Hanseatic trade at the end of the 15th century, and is found in the Rímur of that time, e. g. Skáld-Helga R. 3. 22; from Luther’s Bible and the Reformation it became more freq. in the sense of righteous, pious, with the notion of guileless, frómr og meinlaus, and often occurs in the N. T. and hymns, e. g. Pass. 22. 2, 24. 9: it has however not been truly naturalized, except in the sense of honest, i. e. not thievish, and ófrómr, dishonest, thievish, (a euphemism); umtals-f., not slandering, speaking fair of other people.
COMPDS: frómleiki, frómlyndi.
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a, m. guilelessness, Pass. 16. 8.
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f. id.
n. poet. land, country.
n. a poët. word = land, country, Lex. Poët. passim; scarcely akin to the Germ. frohn = demesne; in mod. poets and in patriotic songs frón is the pet name for Icel. itself, Núm. 1. 10, 8. 9, 12. 4. Snót 16; Icel. students in Copenhagen about 1763 were the first who used the word in this sense.
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m. an assailant, Grág. ii. 13.
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n., is said to mean a lump on the forehead of new-born foals, Gr. ἱππομανές, which was used as a love-spell, cp. Virg. Aeneid. iv. 515, 516.
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n. bread of the first-fruits, Stj. 615. 2 Kings iv. 42: frums- or frumsa- is in Icel. and in Norse popular tales esp. used of animals that are first-born through two or more generations; such animals are thought to have a wonder-power, cp. Ivar Aasen; hence
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(or frumsa-brum), n., botan. pollen, Björn.
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m. a ‘frumsa’ calf; the word still represents the Gothic form frums, vide above.
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(= frum-) exists in a few COMPDS: frumsarbrauð, frumsakálfr, frumsafrum. In Ísl. Þjóðs. i. 530. v. l., frumsa.
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[cp. Lat. primus; Goth. frums = ἀρχή, fruma = πρωτος; A. S. frum-]:—the first, but only in COMPDS: frumbréf, frumburðr, frumbýlingr, frumferill, frumfórn, frumgetinn, frumgetnaðr, frumgetningr, frumgjöf, frumgögn, frumhending, frumhlaup, frumhlaupsmaðr, frumhöfundr, frumkveði, frumkveðill, frumkvöðull, frumkviðr, frumkvæði, frumlína, frummál, frumrit, frumritaðr, frumsmiðr, frumsmíð, frumsök, frumtign, frumtón, frumtunga, frumvarp, frumvaxti, frumváttr, frumverr, frumvöxtr.
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n. an original deed.
m. the first-born, first child.
m. the first-born, Ver. 5, Stj. 42, 161, 304, 306, Exod. passim.
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m. one who has newly set up in life.
m. one making a first visit.
m. the first traveller (visitor) to a place, Nj. 89.
f. first-fruit.
f. first-fruit, Stj. passim, H. E. i. 468.
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part. first-begotten, Stj. 65, 160, passim.
m. = frumburðr.
m. = frumburðr, 656 A. i. 24, Stj. 161.
m. = frumburðr.
m. id., Stj. 304.
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f. the first gift, 677. 4.
n. pl. the main proofs.
n. pl. the primal, principal proofs, a law term, Nj. 234, Grág. i. 56.
f. the foremost rhyming syllable in a line.
f. the foremost rhyming syllable in a verse, a metrical term, Edda (Ht.) 121.
n. personal assault.
n. a personal assault, a law term, Grág., Nj. passim.
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m. the original author or writer.
m. originator.
a, m.,
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mod.
m. the first verdict.
m. the first verdict, Grág. i. 34.
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n. the original poem.
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m. an originator, Edda 18, Ed. Arna-Magn. i. 104.
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u, f., mathem. a base-line, Björn Gunnl.
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n. in the original tongue, opp. to translation, bók rituð á frummáli.
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n. the original writing, of MSS., (mod.)
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(and of poems frum-kveðinn, frum-ortr), part. originally written (composed) in this or that language.
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m. the first workman, Edda (in a verse).
f. first attempt (in any art).
f. the first attempt of a beginner in any art, in the saying, flest frumsmíð stendr til bóta, Edda 126.
f. original cause.
f. the original cause, a law term, Nj. 235, Grág. i. 48 passim.
f. the highest dignity.
f. the first, highest dignity, Bs. i. 37, Magn. 512.
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m. a musical term, the tonic, Icel. Choral-book (pref.)
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u, f. original tongue.
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n. a parliamentary term, a bill under debate, (mod.)
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and frum-vaxta (frum-vaxinn, Nj. 147, v. l.), adj. ‘first-grown,’ in one’s prime, Nj. 112, Fs. 31, Fms. i. 157, xi. 3, Ísl. ii. 203; dóttir f., Eg. 247, Grett. 97.
m. the first, original witness.
m. the first, original witness, Grág. i. 46, Gþl. 477: eccl. the proto-martyr, Hom. 42, 109, Stj. 51.
m. first husband.
m. the first husband, Hallfred, who calls Odin the fr. of Frigg, Fs. 94, Skv. 3. 59.
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m. the first growth, first-fruits, Stj. 305: cp. brum.
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a, m. [prob. from the Fr. effronté, cp. Scot. frunty], a rude, obtrusive boor; frunta-ligr, adj.; frunta-skapr, m.
(gen. frú, pl. frúr), f. mistress, lady (= freyja).
f., an older nom. sing. frauva, u, f., occurs Fms. x. 421, (Ágrip); frouva, Stj. 47; frou, id.; frú is prop. a later contracted form from freyja; therefore the gen. in old writers is always frú (qs. frúvu); and the word is in the sing. indecl., thus, frú-innar, Fms. ix. 292; hann fékk frú Ceciliu, x. 3; móðir frú Ingigerðar, Landn. 240; frú Kristínar, Fms. ix. 8; slíkrar frou (sic) sem ek em, Str. 40, 47: in mod. usage gen. frúar, if used by itself or put after one’s name, but indecl. if put before it in addressing any one, thus, Frú Kristínar, but Kristínar frúar; the gen. frúar occurs Fas. iii. 586, in a MS. of the 15th century; pl. frúr, but older form fruvur or frovur, e. g. frovor, Edda (Arna-Magn.) i. 96 (Kb.); but Ob. frúr, Hkr. i. 16: [freyja was origin. fem. of freyr, and prop. meant Lat. domina; Germ. frau; Dan. frue; no Goth. fraujô is found]:—a lady; in Icel. at present only used of the wives of men of rank or title, e. g. biskups-frú, amtmanns-frú; wives of priests are not called so: again, húsfreyja is more homely, Germ. hausfrau, Engl. housewife, always of a married woman, vide e. …
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f. blossoming, excellence.
f., and fryktr, m., Stj. 26, 56, 77, [an unclass. word formed from Lat. fructus], blossoming; fegrð ok f., Stj. 14, 142; frygð ok feiti, 154; frygð ok ávöxtr, 15. frygðar-fullr and -samligr, adj. fruitful, Stj. 27.
II. in the Rímur of the 15th century frygð is used of love, Lat. amores, Skáld-H. 5. 38, passim; and frygðugr, adj. amorous, Skáld-H. It is a bad word and quite out of use, and seems to have no connection with Germ. freude, which is a good Teut. word; the mod. frukt, n. humble compliments, and frukta, að, to make such compliments, in a bad sense, are perhaps akin, but they are slang words.
(-ti, -t), v. to freeze.
t, [frost], to freeze, Sturl. iii. 20, Fms. viii. 431, v. l.
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(frý, frýða, frýt), v.
1) to defy, taunt (hón frýði honum með mörgum orðum): f. e-m hugar, to challenge one’s courage; þessi klæði ~ ykkr föður-hefnda, those clothes challenge you to revenge your father;
2) f. á e-t, to complain of; to egg (goad) on.
II)
f. taunt, reproach; verja sik frýju, to clear one self of reproach.
u, f. a defiance, challenge, question, taunt, Fs. 8, Bs. i. 734, Ld. 236; verja sik frýju, to clear oneself of all question, i. e. do a thing blamelessly, Sturl. iii. 68; ek varða mik kvenna frýju, I cleared myself from the taunts of woman, Eb. (in a verse): frýju-laust, n. adj. blamelessly; berjask f., to fight hard, Glúm. 381; þeir sækja bardagann f., Fms. xi. 136; hann kvað Einar mundu elt hafa f., Sturl. i. 68: frýju-orð, n. taunting words, Fms. vii. 272, xi. 374, Nj. 108.
I)
(frý, frýða, frýt), v.
1) to defy, taunt (hón frýði honum með mörgum orðum): f. e-m hugar, to challenge one’s courage; þessi klæði ~ ykkr föður-hefnda, those clothes challenge you to revenge your father;
2) f. á e-t, to complain of; to egg (goad) on.
II)
f. taunt, reproach; verja sik frýju, to clear one self of reproach.
pres. frýr, pret. frýði, pres. with the neg. suf. frýr-at, Lex. Poët., to defy, challenge, question, taunt, with dat. of the person; hón fryði honum með mörgum orðum, Fas. i. 142: with gen. of the thing, to challenge, question; frýja e-m hugar, to question one’s courage, Nj. 60, Ísl. ii. 102; meir frýr þú mér grimmleiks en aðrir menn, Eg. 255; þessi klæði frýja ykkr föður-hefnda, those clothes challenge you to revenge your father, Ld. 260; er hvárigum sóknar at f., neither needed to be spurred on, Fms. xi. 131; konungr kvað öngan þess mundu f. honum, the king said that no one would challenge, question him as to that, v. 337; hvárki frý ek mér skygnleiks eðr áræðis (the words of a bravo), Nj. 258; engan heyri ek efndanna f., Fms. vii. 121; enginn frýr þér vits, en meir ertu grunaðr um gæzku, no one questions thy wit (head), but thy godliness (heart) is more questioned, Sturl. i. 135; frýr nú skutrinn (better skutnum) skriðar, a pun, now the stern hangs, the stern-rowers pull feebly, Grett. 113 new Ed.
II. frýja á e-t, a law phrase, to complain of, protest; cp. áfrýja, ef annarr hvárr frýr á hlut sinn, Gþl. …
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f. = frýja, Fms. v. 55.
a. pleasant (frýnlooking), inviting (only with negative, cf. úfrýnn).
or frýniligr, adj.; this word is never used but as compounded with the prefix ú- (except Fas. ii. 351 in a bad and late Saga), viz. ú-frýnn or ú-frýniligr = frowning. The sense as well as the etymology of frýnn is somewhat dubious; there is the Germ. fron or frohn or fran; but that word seems purely German and is by Grimm supposed to be qs. fro min = my lord (vide Hel.); neither does Icel. frýnn or Germ. frohn correspond properly as to the root vowel (cp. e. g. Germ. lohn = Icel. laun): on the other hand there is the Engl. frown, which in form answers to the simple frýnn, but in sense to the compd ú-frýnn; as no similar word is found in A. S. (nor in Germ. nor in Hel.), frown is most likely a Scandin. word; and we suppose that the Icel. prefix syllable ú- is not in this instance = un-, that is to say, negative, but = of-, that is to say, intensive (= too, very, greatly); the original forms of-frýnn, of-frýniligr were contr. and assimilated into ófrýnn, ófrýniligr, meaning very frowning, and these compds then superseded the primitive simple word: this is confirmed by the freq. …
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n. the snorting of a horse.
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t, (hon frýsti ferliga, Sams. 9), mod. að, to snort, whinny, of a horse, Greg. 49, Karl. 3, 4, Fas. i. 60 (where better fnýsa, q. v.); akin are fryssa, að, and frussa, to sport.
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f. = frýs, Fas. iii. 441.
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f. [frýja], a provoking, taunting temper, Hom. 86.
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adj. provoking, censorious, Ísl. Heiðarv. S. in the extracts of Jon Olafsson, (not frígjarn.)
(dat. frævi), n. seed (= frjó).
n. (not frœ, as even Eyvind Skaldaspillir rhymes frævi and ævi), sometimes in old MSS. spelt freo or frjó (q. v.), but less rightly; old dat. frævi, mod. fræi; [Ulf. fraiv = σπέρμα; Swed. and Dan. frö; not found in Germ., Saxon, or Engl.; it is therefore a Gothic-Scandinavian word]:—seed, 677. 11, Rb. 78, 655 xxx. 2; chiefly used of vegetables, sæði of animal seed; varpa síðan fræi í fold fyrirmyndan um sjálfs míns hold, Bb. 3. 54; very freq. in mod. usage.
COMPDS: frækorn, fræmælir, frævænligr.
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dd, [Ulf. fraþvjan = σοφίζειν], to instruct, teach, Str. 1, 68: reflex. to learn, be instructed, H. E. i. 473.
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f. and n. [fróðr; qs. Ulf. fraþi, n. = νους, νόημα, σύνεσις, φρήν, and froþei, f. = φρόνησις, σύνεσις, σοφία]:
I. fem. knowledge, learning, lore; sannindi fræðinnar, Fms. iv. 4, Magn. 430; margháttuð f., Rb. (pref.); mann-fræði, personal history, genealogy, Bs. i. 91, Bárð. 24 new Ed., Fms. viii. 102; landnáma-sögur ok forn fræði, old lore, Ísl. ii. 189; forna fræði, Fb. i. 397; hann lærði Ara prest, og marga fræði sagði hann honum, þá er Ari ritaði síðan; Ari nam ok marga fræði at Þuríði. Ó. H. (pref.): in mod. usage as compd in many words, as, guð-fræði, theology; mál-f., philology; eðlis-f., or náttúru-f., physiology, etc.;—hence are formed, guð-fræðingr, a theologian; mál-fræðingr, a philologer; náttúru-fræðingr, a naturalist, etc.;—these words are now common, but are of late growth, even in the Nucl. Latin, of 1738 they are unknown, vide the Latin headings antiquarius, theologicus, etc.
II. neut., esp. in pl. records; hin spaklegu fræði er Ari Þorgilsson hefir á bækr sett, Skálda 161 (Thorodd); hvatki er missagt es í fræðum þessum, Íb. 3; í sumum fræðum, in some old records, Edda 7: …
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f. pl. books of knowledge, learned work, Skálda 159.
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(fræða-maðr, Edda pref.), m. a learned man, scholar, Skálda 159; f. á kvæði, Fms. vi. 391: an historian, eptir sögn Ara prests ok annarra fræðimanna, iv. 5 (v. l.), xi. 64, Ó. H. pref. 3, Sturl. i. 9, Ísl. ii. 189.
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n. learning, studying, Bs. i. 240.
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n. id., Bs. i. 241.
f. fame, renown.
f. [fragu, vide fregna], good report, fame, renown; til frægðar skal konung hafa, a saying, Fms. vii. 73,—cp. fylki skal til frægðar hafa, Mkv. 6, Fms. i. 99, v. 300; með frægð ok fagnaði, 655 xiii. B. 4.
COMPDS: frægðarferð, frægðarfullr, frægðarlauss, frægðarmaðr, frægðarmark, frægðarsamliga, frægðarskot, frægðarverk.
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(-för), f. an exploit, Sturl. i. 4, Eg. 279.
a. glorious.
adj. famous, Magn. 432.
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adj. (-leysi, n.), inglorious, H. E. i. 516.
m. famous man.
m. a famous man, Fms. ii. 271, Grett. 196 new Ed.
n. badge of glory.
n. a badge of glory, Fas. i. 257.
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adv. (-ligr, adj.), Stj.
n. famous shot.
n. a famous shot, Fas. ii. 338, Fms. ii. 271.
n. feat, exploit.
n. a feat, Fms. i. 146, Hkr. iii. 96.
a. creditable, honourable.
adj. (-liga, adv.), famous, Fas. iii. 424, Stj. 69, 78, 141.
(-ða, -ðr), v. to make famous.
ð, to make famous, Fms. xi. 436, Stj. 66, Skálda 208; við-f., to extol far and wide; ú-frægja, to deprecate.
a. famous (f. konungr).
adj., frægri, frægstr, or mod. frægari, frægastr, famous; frægr konungr, Fms. i. 114; frægri en aðrir menn, Fas. iii. 278; frægstr allra landnáms-manna, Landn. 316, v. l.; var sú för hin frægjasta, Fms. vii. 66; varð þetta frægt víða um lönd, i. 164; þat mun vera frægt, v. 344; víð-frægr, widely famous; ú-frægr, inglorious.
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part. bearing seed, Sks. 630 B, 632 B.
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(i. e. frœkn) and frækinn, adj., compar. fræknari, superl. fræknastr, valiant, stout, esp. of bodily exercise, Fms. i. 161, 258, vi. 150 (v. l.), 315, Háv. 55, Bær. 15, Nj. 15, Hkr. i. 301, Gm. 17.
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(less correct fræk-leikr), m. feat, valour, Fms. ii. 48, vii. 165, Bær. 19, Fær. 132, Valla L. 214, Grett. 171 new Ed.
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(less correct fræk-liga, fræki-liga), adv. valiantly, Fms. viii. 289 (v. l.), ix. 509, Ísl. ii. 267, Hkv. Hjörv. 12, Nj. 116.
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(less correct fræk-ligr, fræki-ligr), adj. valiant, bold looking, 655 xxix. 2, Rd. 244, Sturl. iii. 245, Fas. i. 72, iii. 153, Fms. i. 25, ii. 106, passim.
m. strength in kinsmen.
a, m. = frændafli, Valla L. 213.
m. body of kinsmen.
m. = frændbálkr, Ld. 102, Fms. xi. 338, Orkn. 272.
n. = frændlið.
n. = frændlið, Fms. x. 406.
f. family luck.
n, f. the luck or good genius of a family, Fs. 15.
n. loss (death) of kinsmen.
n. the loss, death of f., Nj. 222, Sks. 726.
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n. = frændlið, Rb. 370.
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n. consent of one’s kinsmen, Gþl. 271, cp. Nj. 38.
n. strife among kinsinen.
n. strife among kinsmen, deadly strife, Fms. v. 347; cp. the saying, fé veldr frænda rógi, Mkv.
f. disgrace in one’s famly.
f. a shame to (or within) one’s family; kallaði slíka menn helzt mega heita f., Sturl. i. 13; því at Kristnin var þá kölluð f., Bs. i. 11,—in the last interesting passage it seems to mean such a disgrace that one was thereby expelled out of the family, cp. Fms. i. 285.
m. strength (backing) of kinsmen.
m. strength (backing) of kinsmen, Hkr. ii. 397, Eg. 474.
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n. loss in f., N. G. L. i. 121.
(pl. frændr), m. kinsman (also used of a brother and a son); yðrir fyrri frændr, your ancestors.
an irreg. part. of the obsolete frjá, pl. frændr. gen. frænda, dat. frændum, [Ulf. renders φίλος by frijonds; A. S. freond; Engl. friend; Hel. friund; O. H. G. friunt; Germ. freund; all of them meaning friend = Lat. amicus; whereas in the Scandin. languages, Icel. as well as mod. Swed. and Dan., it is only used in a metaph. sense; Dan. frænde; Swed. frände]:—a kinsman; not a single instance is on record of the word having ever been used in another sense, unless an exception be allowed in the allit. phrase, sem frændr en eigi sem fjándr, in the old Griðamál, Grág. (Kb.) i. 170:—the same usage prevails in the oldest poems, e. g. Hm.,—deyr fé, deyja frændr, 75; sumr er af senum sæll sumr af frændum, 68; and Dags frændr, the kinsmen (great grandsons) of Dag, Ýt. 10. This change in the sense of the word is very curious and characteristic of the Scandinavians, with whom the bonds of kinship and brotherhood were strong, and each family formed a kind of confederacy or fellowship equally bound in rights and in duties; cp. such phrases as, frænd-bálkr, frænd-garðr: frændr often denotes kinsmen in a narrower sense = brethren; …
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m. = frændi.
m. = frændi, Fms. iv. 320.
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n. the law, rules of kinship, Stj. 425.
n. breech of kinship, incest.
n. breach of kinship, incest, Grág. i. 341, Gþl. 242.
f. tracing of kinship; vera í frændsemistölu við e-n, to be of kinship with one.
u, f. the tracing of kinship, lineage, Grág;, i. 28; vera í frændsemis-tölu við e-n, to be of kin to one, Eg. 72, Fms. i. 14.
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a, m. strength in kinsmen, Orkn. 230, v. l.
m. = frændabálkr.
m. a ‘balk or fence of friends,’ a body of kinsmen, great family, Orkn. 470, Eb. 20, Fms. i. 288.
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f. pl. fines, weregild for a kinsman, N. G. L. i. 75.
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f. family inheritance, N. G. L. i. 49.
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m. = frændbálkr, poët. a stronghold of kinsmen.
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adi. having distinguished kinsmen, Sturl. i. 30.
m. native place.
a, m. a native place, = átthagi, q. v., Fms. vii. 136, 270.
a. faithful to one’s kinsmen.
adj. faithful to one’s kinsmen, pious. Fms. vi. 35.
f. kinswoman.
u. f. (contr. frænka), a kinswoman, 655. 88, Eg. 200, Nj. 31, N. G. L. i. 350; cp. frændleif.
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adi. (frænd-leysi, n.), kin-less, without kinsmen, 623. 14, 51, Rd. 265, Grág. i. 188.
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f. one’s kinsman’s widow, N. G. L. i. 304, 350, a Norse law term; the eccl. law forbade a man to marry a ‘frændkona’ within the fifth degree, or a ‘frændleif’ whose late husband was within the same degree.
f. patrimony, inheritance (after a kinsman).
f. patrimony, inheritance, Fms. iv. 79, Stj. 600.
n. host of kinsmen, family.
n. a host of kinsmen, a family, Ld. 6, Eg. 137, Hkr. ii. 343.
a. having many kinsmen.
m. having many kinsmen, Fms. i. 53, iii. 16, Hkr. i. 170.
f. maiden kinswoman.
f. a maiden kinswoman, Bs. i. 203.
a. rich in kinsmen.
adj. rich in kinsmen, Sturl. ii. 189.
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adj. attached to one’s kinsmen, Bs. i. 72, Fas. i. 130.
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f. piety, (mod.)
adv. kinsmanlike, kindly.
adv. kinsmanlike, kindly, Sturl. ii. 79, Fms. xi. 93.
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f. = frændsemi, Bs. ii. 106.
f. relationship, kinship;
ganga við ~ e-s, to acknowledge one is a kinsman;
var góð ~ með þeim, there was good fellowship between them, they lived on good terms as kinsmen.
(-symi, Stj. passim, Nj. 42, 213), f. kinship, brotherhood, Fms. xi. 7, Ld. 158, Grág. ii. 72, N. G. L. i. 187, the laws and Sagas passim; ganga við f. e-s, to acknowledge one as kinsman (e. g. as a son), Fms. ix. 418:—metaph. the kindness of a kinsman, var góð f. með þeim, there was good fellowship between them, Sturl. iii. 176, Fs. 45.
COMPDS: frændsemislögmál, frændsemisspell, frændsemistala.
n. loss of a kinsman.
n. the ‘scar,’ i. e. loss, of a kinsman, Sturl. iii. 240.
a. having, great kinsmen.
adj. having great kinsmen, Fms. iii. 16, vii. 233.
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u, f. a ‘kin-girl,’ a niece or the like.
m. young kinsman.
m. a ‘kin-boy,’ a nephew or the like, Ld. 232.
f. body of kinsmen.
f. a body of kinsmen, Fms. vi. 347.
n. slaying of a kinsman.
n. slaughter of a kinsman, parricide, etc., Ó. H. 184.
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adj. short-edged, = bitskammr, f. er inn deigi lé, a saying, Mkv.
a. yielding fruit, = frjór.
(frœr), adj. yielding fruit. Rb. 354: ú-frær, barren, Glúm. 340.
f. hissing (þú gerðir f. mikla).
(frœs), f., Lat. fremitus, Fm. 19; vide frýsa.
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fruitfulness, Rb. 102, 104.
n. seed of corn.
n. a grain of seed, 673 A. 2, Gþl. 351, Fms. i. 92.
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m. a measure of seed, N. G. L. i. 39, Gþl. 343.
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adj. promising fruit, Sks. 630, v. l.
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adj. frosty, chilly, Sks. 228 B.
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f. [Germ. fud or fotze], cunnus.
COMPDS: fuðflogi, fuðhundr.
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að, to flame, blaze, akin to funi.
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a, m. a law term, a runaway from his betrothed bride, N. G. L. i. 28.
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m. a nickname. Fms., cp. Germ. hunds-vott.
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m. a kind of cod-fish, cottus alepidotus, Edda (Gl.)
(-s, -ar), m. bird (fór hann svá hart sem f. flygi); hafa f. af landi, to meet with land-birds, to be near land.
m., an older form fogl is usual in early MSS.: fugls, Hm. 13; both forms foglar and fuglar in Mork. 7, but in old poets fogl is required by the rhyme,—smoglir ástar foglar, Sighvat: [Ulf. fugls = πετεινόν; A. S. fugol; Engl. fowl; Germ. vogel; Swed. fogel; Dan. fugl]:—a fowl, bird; hart sem fugl flygi, Nj. 144, passim; cp. the saying, skjóta verðr til fugls áðr fái, Orkn. 346, Mirm. 31: a nautical term, hafa fugl af landi, to ‘have fowl off land’ to stand in within range of water-fowl, i. e. be from fifty to seventy miles off land; þeir höfðn fogl af Írlandi, Bs. i. 656: collect. fowl, síðan samnaðisk fogl í evna, 350; geir-fugl, the awk, alca impennis; æðar-f., the eider-duck: hræ-f., a bird of prey: fit-f., q. v.; smá-fuglar, small fowl, little birds, Mork. 7: söng-f., singing birds; snæ-f., snow-fowl; bjarg-f., cliff-fowl, sea gulls, etc.
COMPDS: fugladráp, fuglakippa, fuglakliðr, fuglakvak, fuglanet, fuglasöngr, fuglatekja, fuglaveiðr, fuglsrödd, fuglamál.
II. a pr. name, Orkn.
m. fowler, bird-catcher.
a, m. a fowler, Bs. ii. 111, Fagrsk. 109.
n. bird-killing.
n. bird-catching, Grág. ii. 348.
f. bundle of fowls.
u, f. a bundle of fowls, Fas. ii. 425.
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m. a fowling net.
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n. a fowling net.
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n. a bird’s voice, in tales, Edda, Fms. vi. 445: metaph., karl-fuglinn, poor churl!
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n. a fowling net, Safn i. 61.
m. singing of birds.
m. the song (screeching) of birds, Fas. ii. 175, Karl. 203.
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u, f. bird-taking.
f. bird-catching.
f. bird-catching, O. H. L. 45.
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f., mod.
n. fowling-cliff.
n. a fowling cliff; for this sort of fowling vide Guðm. S. ch. 54, Bs. ii. 111, Grett. 144, Bs. i. 360, Eggert Itin.
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f. pl. augury, Post. (Unger). fuglheilla-maðr, m. = Lat. augur, id.
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a, m. = fuglberg, D. I. i. 576.
f. = fuglaveiðr.
f. fowling, Grág. ii. 337, Js. 94, Pm. 7.
n. fowling-place.
n. a place for fowling. Fms. iv. 330.
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n. the price of fowl, Jb. 309.
f. knoll on which birds sit.
u, f. a ‘fowl-bank,’ bank on which birds sit, Bs. i. 388.
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a, m. a bird, fulica, = Fr. le foulque, Engl. the coot, Edda (Gl.)
n. the fill of a drinking-vessel, a toast (Ódins-full, etc.).
n. [A. S. ful; Hel. full]. a goblet full of drink, esp. a toast at a heathen feast, cp. esp. Hák. S. Góða ch. 16—skyldi full of eld bera, and signa full; Óðins-f., Njarðar-f., Freys-f., the toast of Odin, Njord, and Frey; Bragar-full (q. v.), Sdm. 8, Eg. 552, Orkn. 198: poët., Yggs-full, Viðris-full, the toast of Odin, poetry, Al. 6, 14; Dvalins-full, Billings-full, the toast of the dwarfs, poetry, Lex. Poët.
(að), v. to fulfil, finish.
að, to fulfil, Fms. xi. 219, 686 C. 2; fullna orðtak, to finish a sentence, Edda 130: reflex. in the law phrase, e-m fullnask vitni, one can produce full (lawful) witnesses, N. G. L. i. 21, Js. 119, Gþl. 264, 298, 301, passim in the Norse law.
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f. full atonement, Pass.
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n. a full (decisive) witness, Vm. 131.
(gen. -ar), m. fulfilment; hafa fullnað ór máli, to obtain one’s full claim (in a suit).
m., gen. ar, fulfilment, Stj. 523, Fms. ii. 150: the law phrase, halda til fullnaðar, to stand on one’s full right, Grág. i. 109; hafa fullnað ór máli, to carry out one’s full claim, in a suit, Finnb. 284; með fullnaði, completely, H. E. ii. 75.
COMPDS: fullnaðarborgan, fullnaðarvitni.
a.
1) full of (e-s or af e-u); f. upp úlfúðar, full of savageness; f. eitri (dat.), full of poison;
2) full, complete, entire; full vissa, full certainty; soekja mil til ~a, laga, to the full extent of the law; halda til fulls við e-n, to stand on one’s full right against another; hafa fullara hlut, to get the better of it; at fullu, til fulls, fully, thorougly.
adj., compar. and superl. sometimes in old writers fullari, fullastr, in mod. fyllri, fyllztr, fullast, Fms. i. 162; fullara, Sighvat: [Ulf. fulls: A. S. and Engl. full; Germ. voll; Swed. full; Dan. fuld; cp. Lat. plēnus, Gr. πλήρης]:
I. of bags or vessels, full, either with gen., fullr e-s, or with a prep., af e-u; fullr af silfri, full of silver, Eg. 310; fullr af fiskum, full of fishes, Landn. 51 (with v. l. fullr með fiskum less correct); fullr mjaðar, Ls. 53.
2. metaph., eitri f., fraught with poison, Bær. 15; full of poison, Fms. ii. 139; fullr lausungar, fullr öfundar, full of looseness, full of envy, Hom. 151: fullr upp úlbúðar, full of savageness, Eg. 114; hafa fullara hlut, to have the better of, Ísl. ii. 386; fullr fjandskapr, Fms. ii. 256; full skynsemd, i. 138; fullasta gipt, Greg. 37.
II. full, complete, entire; fullt tungl, full moon, Rb. passim.
2. fullt goðorð, a full priesthood, that is to say, complete, lawful, Grág. Þ. Þ. passim; fullir baugar, fullr höfuðbaugr, full payment, Grág. …
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n. help, assistance.
n. (mod. fulltingi, and so in paper MSS.: it occurs also as masc., gen. fulltingjar, Ísl. ii. 74; þinn fullting (acc.), Fb. ii. 327); [A. S. fultum]:—help, assistance, Eg. 7, 331, 485, Greg. 40, K. Á. 122; falla í f. með e-m, to side with one, Grág. i. 1, ii. 343, Gísl. 43, (Ed. nokkurn fullting, masc.), passim.
COMPDS: fulltingsmaðr, fulltingssteinn.
(-da, -dr), v. to lend help, assist, with dat.
d, [A. S. fultum], to lend help, assist, with dat.; Guð mun f. þér, Fms. v. 193, viii. 26; fulltingja enum sára manni, Grág. ii. 27; fulltingja rétt biskups-stólsins, Fb. iii: to back a thing, Ó. H. 43, 75.
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part.; fulltingjari, a, m. a supporter, Greg. 24, Stj. 33.
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m. a helper, Bret. 78, Sks. 611, Sd. 170, Rd. 254, Bs. i. 683, passim.
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m. ‘help-stone,’ translation of ‘Ebenezer,’ Stj. 1 Sam. iv. 1.
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adv. fully, Barl. 3, 198; fullu-ligr, adj. full, Stj. 84.
n. the fill of a drinking-vessel, a toast (Ódins-full, etc.).
in COMPDS, fully, quite, enough; it may be used with almost any adjective or adverb, e. g. full-afla, adj. fully able to, Gþl. 265, 371. full-afli, a, m. a full mighty man, Lex. Poët. full-bakaðr, part. full-baked, Orkn. 112, Fas. i. 85. full-boðit, part. n. good enough for, fully a match for, Bjarn. 8. full-borða, adj. a ‘full-boarded’ ship, with bulwarks of full height, Fms. ii. 218. full-býli, n. full provisions for a house, Bs. ii. 145. full-djarfliga, adv. (-ligr, adj.), with full courage, Fms. viii. 138. full-drengiligr, adj. (-liga, adv.), full bold, Eg. 29, Lex. Poët. full-drukkinn, part. quite drunk, Edda, Fms. i. 291, Ó. H. 72. full-dýrr, adj. full dear, N. G. L. i. 37. full-elda, adj. full hot, Fas. ii. 361. full-eltr, part. pursued enough, Ísl. ii. 361. full-féa, adj. = fullfjáðr. full-fengi, n. a sufficient haul, Gullþ. …
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n. [from Lat. fumare, through Engl. fume = hurry]:—confused hurry, (mod.)
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að, to hurry confusedly.
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að, (Lat. word), to found, 655 xxxii. 21, (rare.)
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f. (fundning, Bs. i. 255, Karl. 548), finding, Fms. vi. 271.
(-ar, -ir), m.
1) finding, discovery (~ fjárins, ~ Íslands);
2) meeting;
fara, koma á fund e-s, til fundar við e-n, to go to visit, or have talk, with, one;
3) fight, battle.
m. (fyndr, N. G. L. i. 46, 58), gen. fundar, pl. fundir. [cp. Engl. find; Germ., Swed., and Dan. fund, from finna, q. v.]:—finding, discovery; fundr fjárins, Fms. vi. 271, v. l.; fundr Íslands, the discovery of Iceland, Landn.
2. a thing found, N. G. L. i. 63, l. c.: fundar-laun, n. pl. reward for finding a thing.
II. a meeting, Edda 108; koma, fara á fund e-s, or til fundar við e-n, to go to visit one, Eg. 39, Nj. 4, Grág. i. 374, Fms. vii. 244, passim; mann-f., a congregation; héraðs-f., a county meeting; biskupa-f., a council, 625. 54; félags-f., the meeting of a society, and of any meeting.
2. a conflict, fight, battle, Nj. 86, Eg. 572, Fms. iii. 9, Fs. 17: in names of battles, Brúar-f., the fight at the Bridge, Ann. 1242; Flóa-f., Þverár-f., the fight in F. and Th., Sturl. iii. 76.
a. quick to find.
adj. quick to find, Mar.
m. flame (~ kveikist af funa).
a, m. [Ulf. renders πυρ by fon; Germ. funke is perhaps of the same root; otherwise this word is lost in all Teut. languages]:—a flame; kyuda funa, Hkv. 2. 37, Gm. 1, 42; funi kveykisk af funa, a saying, Hm. 56: metaph. lust, Fms. ii. 369.
II. metaph. a hot-tempered man; hann er mesti funi = einsog funi, (mod.)
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adj. warm, of blood heat, e. g. mér er funheitt á höndum, but never of a feverish heat.
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m. flame-shaker, a name of Thor, Þd.
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m., poët., fens f., a lord of the fire of fens, a prince, (gold is the fire of water), Kormak.
f. fir, fir-tree.
u, f. [Engl. fir; Germ. föhre; mod. Norse furu; Dan. för]:—fir, Lat. pinus, Edda (Gl.); fura vex, wide as the fir grows, Grág. ii. 170, Vkv. 9; ships were built of fir-timber, hence the allit. phrase, á fljótandi furu, on a floating fir, on hoard ship, Grág. i. 46: in poetry freq. = a ship, like Lat. abies, Lex. Poët.
COMPDS: furukvistr, furustöng.
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að, [cp. A. S. fur or furh; Engl. furrow; Dan. fure], to be furrowed, Edda Ht. 4.
I)
(-að), v.
1) to wonder;
2) to forebode, with dat.; illu mun f., ef, it will bode ill, if.
II)
f.
1) foreboding, omen; góðs (ills) f., good (bad) omen;
2) strange (wonderful) thing; ekki er þetra nein f., ’tis nothing strange.
að, to forebode, with dat.; íllu mun f., ef …, it will bode ill if …, Fms. ii. 194: mod. impers., e-n furðar á e-u, one wonders at a thing, Safn i. 55; furðar mig á fréttum þeim, a ditty.
I)
(-að), v.
1) to wonder;
2) to forebode, with dat.; illu mun f., ef, it will bode ill, if.
II)
f.
1) foreboding, omen; góðs (ills) f., good (bad) omen;
2) strange (wonderful) thing; ekki er þetra nein f., ’tis nothing strange.
u, f. a spectre, ominous appearance; víst man þetta f. þín vera, Ísl. ii. 351, Eb. 262; góðs furða (góð f.), a good omen, Fs. 172, Fms. viii. 91; ílls f., a bad omen, Sturl. iii. 59, Ísl. ii. 10.
2. metaph. a strange, wonderful thing; nú er furða mikil um Egil, Eg. 345; ekki er þetta f. nein, … at þat væri nein f., ‘tis nothing strange, Ísl. ii. 337; þótti öllum mönnum er sá, mikil furða, Fms. vi. 183; orrosta svá hörð at f. var at, x. 359; mesta f., Sks. 207, Fas. i. 260, Ó. H. 115, Gísl. 71: in COMPDS furðu-, wonderfully, very; furðu-djarfr, adj. very insolent, Fms. i. 3; furðu-góðr, adj. very good, Ó. H. 115; furðu-hár, adj. exceeding high; furðu-heimskr, adj. very foolish, Eg. 218; furðu-sterkr, adj. very stark or strong, Edda; furðu-vel, adv. wonderfully well, Nj. 230: freq. in mod. usage in this sense, but obsolete in the former sense. A local name, Furðu-strandir, f. pl. Wonder-shore, the ancient name of Labrador. A. A. furðu-verk, n. …
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adj. (-liga, adv.), wonderful, remarkable, Rb. 360.
a. wonderful, marvellous.
adj. (-liga, adv.), id.
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m. a gruff boor, furtsligr, adj. gruffly, furta-skapr, m.
m. fir bough.
m. a fir bough, Fas. iii. 34.
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f. a fir staff, Str. 10.
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að, to say fie to a thing, with dat.
interj. fie, with dat.
interj. fie, Fas. ii. 425: with dat., Grett. 176 new Ed.
n. fustian (foreign word).
n. (for. word), fustian, Vm., B. K. passim, Fms. viii. 95, Eg. 602.
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u, f. = fóa, a fox; brögðótt reyndist gemlu fúa, Mkv. 18.
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a, m. rottenness, freq.: medic. putrefaction; hold-f., mortification.
a. rotten, decayed.
1. part. adj. of a lost strong verb analogous to búinn, hence feyja (q. v.), rotten, esp. of a tree, also of clothes, but without the notion of stinking, Jón. 19; graut-fúinn, mauk-f., fót-f., ú-fúinn, al-fúinn.
2. adj. rotten. Mar. 378.
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a, m. [from Lat. fucus], rotten sea-weed or the like, cp. fúka-te, n. stale or bad tea, Eggert.
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n. pl. foul language, (mod.)
f. fee paid for alimentation.
u, f. [formed from the part. of fela, q. v.], the fee paid for alimentation, esp. of a minor, or one given into another’s charge, = mod. meðgjöf, Jb. 168, Grág. passim: so in the phrases, inna, meta … fúlgu: of hay, fodder, Fb. i. 521; hence in mod. usage, hey-f., a little hay-rick.
COMPDS: fúlgufall, fúlgufé, fúlgufénaðr, fúlgukona, fúlgumaðr, fúlgumáli, fúlgunaut.
n. forfeit the alimentation fee.
n. failing to pay the f., Sd. 144.
n. sheep or cattle put out to fodder.
n. sheep or cattle put out to fodder, Jb. 222, Grág. ch. 224.
m. sheep or cattle put out to fodder.
m. id., Grág. i. 431.
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u, f. a woman-boarder, D. I. i. 303.
m. boarder, one boarded out.
m. a boarder, Grág. ii. 43.
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a, m. terms or contract for a f., Gþl. 501, Grág. ii. 161.
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n. a bullock put out to keep, Gþl. 503.
n. the fill of a drinking-vessel, a toast (Ódins-full, etc.).
adj. [Ulf. fûls, John xi. 39; A. S., Dan., and Swed. ful; Germ. faul; Engl. foul]:—foul, stinking; fúlt ok kalt, Grett. 158, Fms. vi. 164, Gísl. 39, Fs. 141; and-fúll, of foul breath.
II. metaph. foul, mean, Stj. 77, 78:—as a law term in an ordeal, foul, verða fúll af járni, to befoul (opp. to skírr, pure), N. G. L. i. 342, 351.
(að), v. to become stinking.
að, to become stinking, 655 iv. 2.
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adv. (-ligr, adj.), basely, Stj. 186, Barl. 134.
a. of foul appearance.
adj. of foul appearance, Fas. ii. 149.
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m. and fúl-lífi, n. lewdness, lechery, Stj. 58, 116, passim.
adv. meanly.
adv. meanly, Fas. iii. 664.
a. mean, paltry.
adj. (-liga, adv.), mean, paltry, Fas. iii. 502.
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m. the ‘foul-mew’ or fulmar, a sea-bird, Hallfred; cp. Bewick.
f. paltriness, baseness.
u, f. paltriness, baseness, Nj. 185.
n. pl. foul langwage.
n. foul language, Barl. 118, N. G. L. ii. 418.
(að), v. to rot, decay.
að, to rot, decay, 623. 61, K. Á. 28, Fms. xi. 12, 280, Edda (pref.): in a pun, Nj. 263.
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f. decomposition, Post. 23.
(gen. fúrs), m. fire (poet.).
m. (not furr, but with the vowel long, cp. fúrs, skúrum, Vellekla), [A. S. fŷre; Engl. fire; O. H. G. fiûr; Germ. feuer; Gr. πυρ]:—fire, only in poetry and poët. compds, never in prose, Lex. Poët.; vide eldr, p. 125.
a. willing, eager (~ e-s or til e-s; ~ at fara, &c.);
absol., ~ (willing) vil ek mína hamingju til leggja.
adj. [O. H. G. funs; A. S. contr. fûs; lost in most Teut. languages except Icel. and in provincial Norse; in Icel. it is a very common word]:—willing, wishing for; in the sayings, fús er hönd á venju and þangað er klárinn fúsastr sem hann er kvaldastr: with gen. of the thing, fúss e-s, or fúss á e-t, or til e-s; or with infin., þess fús sem Guð er fúss, Skálda 169, Eg. 521; jarl var þess fúsari, the earl was minded for that, was not unwilling, Orkn. 396; þess var ek fúsastr at drepa þá alla, Fms. vi. 213; svá sem hann hafði áðr verit fúsastr til, iii. 49; görði hann fúsan at fara til Finnlands, Hkr. i. 19; Þorgils kveðsk fúsari at ríða fyrir innan, Korm. 68: absol., fúss (willingly) vil ek mína hamingju til leggja, Fms. v. 236; kveðsk hann munu eigi svá miklu fúsari undan at ríða en þeir, Ísl. ii. 361: sagði eigi þá menn er hann væri fúsari við at kaupa en þá, Nj. 40; fúst ok falt, N. G. L. i. 237; ú-fúss, unwilling: in poët. compds, víg-fúss, böð-f., her-f., warlike, martial; sig-fúss, victorious; böl-f., baleful, malignant; hel-f., murderous.
adv. willingly.
adv. willingly, Eg. 96.
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m. a kind of fish, Edda (Gl.)
(-da, -t), v. to catch fowl.
d, [fugl], to catch fowl, Grág. ch. 240, Js. 107.
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f. fowling, Thom. 20, Vm. 148. fyglingar-maðr, m. a fowler, Am. 33.
(gen. pl. -ja), n. foal or filly.
n. a foal or filly (cp. fylja), Grág. ii. 89, 326, Edda 27: in a pun, Fms. x. 220, Gísl.; fyljum, dat. pl. the foal of an ass, Stj. 183.
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m. a kind of fish, Edda (Gl.); also spelt fylvingr.
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adj. [fold], soft, of greensward, fleece, or the like.
f.
1) following, guidance;
2) support, help, backing;
3) party, followers; body-guard (of kings and princes); halda ~, to wait upon the king.
f. a following, backing up, help, guidance; Gamli bauð honum menn til fylgðar, Grett. 109; fékk hann þeim mann til fylgðar, þann er vel kunni vegu alla, Fms. i. 72; í samsæti eðr fylgð, Sks. 370 B: fylgðar-lauss, adj. without help, alone, Fms. ii. 280; fylgðar-maðr, m. a follower, attendant, guide, Nj. 142, Ld. 48, Sturl. ii. 249 C.
2. party, followers; þeir feðgar völdu menn mjök at afli til fylgðar við sik, Eg. 84; vera í fylgð með e-m, Nj. 62: veita e-m styrk ok fylgð, Fms. i. 20; eigi verri til fylgðar en röskr maðr, Nj. 106; fór þat lið heim er honum þótti minni fylgð (less support, use) í, Fms. iv. 350; fylgð ok þjónusta, Eg. 474: of the body-guard of kings or princes, like the comitatus of Tacitus, vide esp. N. G. L. ii. Hirðskrá ch. 32; fylgð forn ok ný, the old and new body-guard, id.; halda f., to wait upon the king, Fms. viii. 166: fylgðar-hald, n. attendance upon the king, N. G. L. l. c.; fylgðar-horn, n. a horn to call the king’s men together, N. G. L. ii; fylgðar-menn, m. pl. men attending upon the king, id. …
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n. following, support; auka sér f., to win followers.
n. = fylgð, help, support; vinátta ok fylgi, Ísl. ii. 125; varð Þorsteinn frægr af þessu f., Grett. 109 A; auka sér f., to win followers, Bs. i. 721; beiðslur eða f. partizanship, 869; heldr vilda ek hans f. hafa en tíu annarra, Nj. 183: mod. with the notion of energy, zeal, in backing a case.
COMPDS: fylgi-kona, fylgilag, fylgisamr.
a. attached to (f. e-m).
adj. adherent, attached to, Fms. vi. 240, Sturl.
f. concubine, mistress.
u, f. (fylgi-mær, Str. 6), a concubine, e. g. the mistresses of the clergy before the Reformation were called so, Sturl. i. 56, ii. 169, iii. 139.
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n. concubinage, Bárð. 167.
a. = fylginn.
and fylgju-samr, adj. a faithful follower, Fms. i. 104, v. 316, vi. 211, Ld. 190, Eg. 167, 199, Lv. 26.
I)
(-ða, -t), v.
1) to accompany, help, with dat.; f. e-m at, f. e-s málum, to side with one, take one’s part;
2) to lead, guide one (yðr var fylgt í kornhlöðu eina);
3) to pursue (f. fast flóttamönnum);
4) to follow, be about one (konungr lét sveininn f. móður sinni);
5) to follow, observe (f. e-s ráðom, f. hirðsiðum);
6) to belong, or pertain to (segl ok reiði er fylgðu skipinu);
7) láta f., to add; þat lét hann f., at, he added that;
8) refl., ~st, to follow one another; fig. to hold together (hann bað sína menn f. vel, hold well together).
II)
f.
1) guidance (beiða e-n fylgju);
2) female guardian spirit; attendant spirit in animal form (þú munt vera feigr maðr ok muntu hafa sét fylgju þína).
n, f. = fylgð, Grág. i. 343; bjóða e-m fylgju sína, ii. 56, v. l., Ísl. ii. 340; í förum ok fylgju með e-m, Stj. 135, 222; koma í fylgju með e-m, Rb. 356.
II. metaph. a fetch, a female guardian spirit of the heathen age, whose appearance foreboded one’s death, cp. Hkv. Hjörv. (the prose); þú munt vera feigr maðr ok muntú séð hafa fylgju þína, Nj. 62, Hallfr. S. ch. 11: also whole families had a fylgja (kyn-f., ættar-f.), get ek at þetta hafi engar konur verit aðrar en fylgjur yðrar frænda, Fms. ii. 195; eigi fara litlar fylgjur fyrir þér, x. 262, Vd. ch. 36; nú sækja at fylgjur Úsvífs, Nj. 20; manna-fylgjur, Bjarn. 48, Lv. 69; fuglar þeir munu vera manna-fylgjur, Ísl. ii. 196; marr (a horse) er manns fylgja, Fs. 68; liggja fylgjur þínar til Íslands, thy guardian angels, good angels, point to Iceland, i. e. thou wilt go thither, Orkn. 14; þínar fylgjur mega eigi standask hans fylgjur, Gullþ. 11, Lv. 104; hafa þeir bræðr rammar fylgjur, Fs. 50:—in mod. lore (as also sometimes in the Sagas, e. g. Nj. l. c.) fylgja means a ‘fetch,’ an appearance in the shape of an animal, a crescent, or the like going before a person, only a ‘fey’ man’s fylgja follows after him. …
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I)
(-ða, -t), v.
1) to accompany, help, with dat.; f. e-m at, f. e-s málum, to side with one, take one’s part;
2) to lead, guide one (yðr var fylgt í kornhlöðu eina);
3) to pursue (f. fast flóttamönnum);
4) to follow, be about one (konungr lét sveininn f. móður sinni);
5) to follow, observe (f. e-s ráðom, f. hirðsiðum);
6) to belong, or pertain to (segl ok reiði er fylgðu skipinu);
7) láta f., to add; þat lét hann f., at, he added that;
8) refl., ~st, to follow one another; fig. to hold together (hann bað sína menn f. vel, hold well together).
II)
f.
1) guidance (beiða e-n fylgju);
2) female guardian spirit; attendant spirit in animal form (þú munt vera feigr maðr ok muntu hafa sét fylgju þína).
ð or d, [A. S. folgjan; Engl. follow; Germ. folgen; Swed. följa; Dan. fölge]:—to follow, and metaph. to back, help, side with, with dat., Dropl. 26; landvættir allar fylgðu Hafr-Birni til þings, Landn. 271, Grág. i. 46; ek man fylgja Búa bróður mínum, Fms. xi. 111; ok er úfallit at f. Þjórólfi um þetta mál, Boll. 342; fylgja málum e-s, Fms. i. 86; fylgja e-m at, to side with, take one’s part. xi. 111; man Björn þeim at f., Bjarn. 7:—also of things, láta sverðit hendi f., let it follow the hand, remain in it, Eg. 505.
2. to lead, guide one; yðr var fylgt í kornhlöðu eina, Eg. 49; fylgja e-m á brott, Ld. 44; vilda ek at þú fylgdir mér til frænda minna, Nj. 45.
3. to pursue a flying host, Fms. i. 45, ix. 409.
4. a law term, fylgja konu, to elope with a woman, Grág. i. 342, 343; an offence liable to the lesser outlawry, even in the case of accomplices.
5. to be about one; konungr lét sveininn f. móður sinni, meðan hann var allungr, Fms. i. 14: tungl fylgir sólmerkjum, Rb. 108; meðan svörðr ok hold fylgði, Eg. 770:—to follow one as one’s mistress, Fms. …
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m. = fylgjandi.
a, m. a follower, Sks. 524, Þórð. 72, Barl. 171.
m. guardian angel.
m. a guardian angel, Nj. 157.
f.
1) = fylgja 2;
2) = fylgikona.
u, f. (= fylgja II. above), a female guardian, Fs. 114.
n. hiding-place.
n. pl., often spelt fylksni, fylskni, or fylsni, Gísl. 60, 67; [Goth. fulhsni = κρυπτόν; from fólginn or fulginn the part. of fela]:—a hiding-place, lurking-place, cavern, Grág. i. 436, Nj. 133, 267, Fms. i. 210, iv. 170, Blas. 42, Niðrst. 6; ór fylgsnum ok ór hellum, id.; helvítis-fylgsni, Sks. 605 B; var hann í fylgsnum allt haustið, Hkr. iii. 323; liggja í fylgsnum, Fms. vii. 275; leiðir allar ok f. á skóginum, i. 71, Stor. 1. fylgsnis-lauss, adj. without a hiding-place, Ísl. ii. 411.
f. filly.
u, f. a filly (cp. fyl), in the pun, ek vil fá þér þar fylju er þú fær mér fola, I will give thee a filly for a foal, from a box on the ear being called ‘cheek-horse’ (kinn-hestr), Gísl. 27, 111.
(gen. pl. fylkja), n.
1) district, county, shire, in Norway (þat er f. kallat, er gøra má af tólf skip);
2) battalion, host (in battle).
n. [from folk]
I. a county or shire; in Norway the land was divided into fylki, each of them ruled by a fylkir; átta fylkja þing, Fms. v. 4, Hkr. i. 62, passim; esp. with regard to the levy, as from each fylki twelve ships of war were to be levied; þat er fylki kallat er göra má at tólf skip, Fms. x. 306; þat kalla Norðmenn fylki sem eru tólf skip skipað með vápnum ok mönnum, ok á einu skipi nær sextigi manna eðr sjautigi, Ó. T. 35.
COMPDS: fylkiskirkja, fylkiskonungr, fylkismaðr, fylkisprestr, fylkisþing.
II. poët. a host in battle, Edda 108.
(pl. -ar), f.
1) battle array;
2) host, legion.
f. battle array, the ranks, Hkr. ii. 371, Eg. 268, 286, Nj. 274, Fms. i. 45, vi. passim; the Lat. legio is rendered by fylking, Róm. 260, 298.
COMPDS: fylkingararmr, fylkingarbroddr, fylkingaskipan.
m. wing of an army.
m. the wing of an army, Nj. 274, Hkr. i. 236, Fms. vii. 277, Orkn. 474.
m. vanguard of a host (í öndverðum fylkingarbroddi).
m. the vanguard of a host, Fb. ii. 351.
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f. battle array.
(gen. -is), m. chief, king.
m., poët. a king, Lex. Poët.
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u, f. the principal church in a county, the ‘shire-kirk.’
m. chief of a district; a petty king.
m. the king or chief of a shire, Fms. iv. 140, x. 272, passim.
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m. an inhabitant of a shire, N. G. L. i. 343, Boldt 169.
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m. a priest of a shire-kirk, B. K. 119, N. G. L. i. 135.
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n. a county meeting, shire-mote, D. N.
(-ta, -tr), v. to draw up (in battle array), with dat., or absol.
t, to draw up (a milit. term), absol. or with dat., Eg. 284, Fms. i. 19, viii. 407, passim.
(-da, -dr), v.
1) to fill (f. e-t e-s or af e-u);
2) to complete, make up (f. þat, er á skortir);
3) to fulfil;
4) f. flokk e-s, to side with one;
5) refl., ~st áhyggju ok hræðslu (gen.), to be filled with care and fear.
t, [fullr], to fill, pour full, Sks. 416, Stj. 319.
β. impers., esp. as a naut. term, skip (acc.) fyllir, the ship makes water, i. e. fills with water, Eg. 386; fylldi þegar flotað var, Fms. ix. 447; þá fylldi gröfina vatns, the hole was filled with water, Greg. 62; mik fyllir harms, I am filled with grief, Karl. 321.
II. metaph., Hom. 108:—to fill, complete, make up, Hkr. iii. 98, Anecd. 92, Sturl. iii. 244, Fms. vi. 90, Fbr. 217, Grág. ii. 301.
2. to fulfil, 625. 92, Anecd. 50, Blas. 50, Hom. 51, Fms. x. 230, Rb. 80.
3. a parliamentary phrase, fylla lög ok lof, to make laws, Grág. i. 7; cp. the Engl. lawful.
4. the phrase, fylla flokk e-s, to fill one’s host, side with one, Þórð., Hkr. i. (in a verse).
III. reflex. to be filled, to grow full, with gen.; fyllask áhyggju ok hræðslu (reiði), to be filled with cares and fears (anger), Blas. 46, Fms. i. 216; fylldisk hann upp fjándskapar, viii. 391.
2. to be fulfilled, Hom. 51, 105, Blas. 42.
IV. part. fyllendr, pl. …
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f. one’s fill (gefa e-m f. sína matar ok drkkjar).
f., older and better form fyllr, fulness, 655 xxvii. 18, Edda 52.
2. of food, one’s fill; vilit þér gefa mér fylli mína (my fill) af oxanum, Edda 45, 48, Karl. 321; fyllr matar eðr drykkjar, 54.
3. medic. hydatides.
f.
1) filling;
2) fulfilment.
f. filling, fulness, 655 xxvii. 19, Stj. 292: of the moon, 686 C. 2.
II. metaph. fulness: fylling tímans, fulness of time, N. T. passim: fulfilment, fylling Guðs boðorða, Stj. passim; fylling laga, Hom. 135; fylling várra bæna, 625. 175.
adv. fully.
adv. fully, Fms. xi. 231, Stj. 29.
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f. pl. nuts, Edda (Gl.), Gísl. 109 (in a verse), Þd. 14.
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n. a mare with a foal, Jb. 348.
f. a mare with a foal.
f. = fylhross, Grág. i. 504.
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adj. [finna], funny, facetious: fyndni, f. facetiousness, wit.
m. pl. men, warriors (poet.).
m. pl. [A. S. fyrð = troops], poët. men, warriors, Lex. Poët.
prep.
I. with dat.
1) before, in front of (ok vóru ~ honum borin merkin);
~ dyrum, before the door;
2) before one, in one’s presence;
hón nefndist ~ þeim Gunnhildr, she told them that her name was G.;
3) for;
hann lét ryðja ~ þeim búðina, he had the booth cleared for them, for their reception;
4) before one, in one’s way;
fjörðr varð ~ þeim, they came to a fjord;
sitja ~ e-m, to lie in wait for one;
5) naut. term. before, off;
liggja ~ bryggjum, to lie off the piers;
~ Humru-mynni, off the Humber;
6) before, at the head of, over;
vera ~ liði, to be over the troops;
vera ~ máli, to lead the case;
sitja ~ svörum, to undertake the defence;
7) of time, ago;
~ þrem nóttum, three nights ago;
~ stundu, a while ago;
~ löngu, long ago;
vera ~ e-u, to forebode (of a dream);
8) before, above, superior to;
Hálfdan svarti var ~ þeim brœðrum, H. was the foremost of the brothers;
9) denoting disadvantige, harm, suffering;
þú lætr Egil vefja öll mál ~ þér, thou lettest E. thwart all thy affairs;
tók at eyðast ~ herm lausa-fé, her money began to fail; …
prep., in the Editions spelt differently; in MSS. this word is usually abbreviated either (i. e. firir), or Ꝼ̆, fur͛, fvr͛ (i. e. fyrir); in some MSS. it is idiomatically spelt with i, fir͛, e. g. Arna-Magn. 382 (Bs. i. 263 sqq.); and even in the old Miracle-book Arna-Magn. 645 (Bs. i. 333 sqq.), just as ifir is written for yfir (over); in a few MSS. it is written as a monosyllable fyr, e. g. D. I. i. 475, Mork. passim; in Kb. (Sæm.-Edda) occurs fyr telia, Vsp. I; fyr norðan, 36; fyr dyrum, Gm. 22; fyr vestan ver, Hkv. 2. 8; in other places as a dissyll. fyrir, e. g. Hm. 56, Gm. 54, Skm. 34, Ls. 15, Am. 64, Hkv. 2. 2, 19 (quoted from Bugge’s edition, see his preface, p. xvi); fyr and fyrir stand to one another in the same relation as ept to eptir, und to undir, of (super) to yfir: this monosyllabic form is obsolete, save in the compds, where ‘for-’ is more common than ‘fyrir-;’ in some cases both forms are used, e. g. for-dæming and fyrir-dæming; in others only one, but without any fixed rule: again, the forms fyri, fyre, or fire, which are often used in Edd., are just as wrong, as if one were to say epti, undi, yfi; yet this spelling is found now and then in MSS. …
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adj. bulky.
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n. arrangement.
a., ekki ~, stubborn.
adj. (-semi, f.); ekki f., stubborn, Bs. i. 683.
(að), v. to forbid, deny (e-m e-t).
að, to forbid, Skm. 34.
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d, to forebode, Stj. 87.
f. foreboding.
f. foreboding, Bs. i. 45.
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f. revelation, Barl. passim.
(see bjóða), v. to forbid.
bauð, to forbid, Bs. i. 682, 683, N. G. L. i. 351, Gþl. 276, K. Á. 54, 110.
(að), v. to forebode.
að, to forebode; part., Greg. 16.
f. foreboding.
f. foreboding, Magn. 488, Fms. viii. 3, Eb. 28.
f. forbidding.
f. forbidding, Edda 120.
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m. a bidder to a feast, Fms. v. 332.
f. imprecation.
f., in pl. curses = forbænir, Sturl. iii. 45: in a good sense, begging, pleading, (mod.)
m. appearance, vision.
m. an appearance, vision, spectre, Nj. 118, Fms. vi. 63, 229, 404, xi. 289, Bs. i. 184, Eb. 28, 218, 272, Sd. 174, passim.
(see búa), v. to prepare.
bjó, to prepare, Greg. 18, Fms. i. 138, N. T. passim.
m. preparation.
m. preparation, Stj. 127, Fms. vii. 87, x. 236.
m. preparation.
m. id., Hkr. iii. 240.
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dreif, to drive away, Th. 16 (fordrífa).
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d, to condemn, K. Á. 220, Hom. 126, Rb. 338, Fms. i. 219.
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adj. damnable, H. E. i. 514.
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f. damnation, Greg. 17, H. E. i. 514, Stj. 21.
(see fara), v. to destroy.
fór, to destroy, N. G. L. i. 340: to forfeit, K. Á. 128: reflex. to perish, Post. 59, N. T. passim.
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part. preceding, Vm. 12, Bs. i. 682, 720.
m. foreboding.
a, m. a foreboding, Bs. i. 682.
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m. pl. forefathers, Barl. 206.
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f. a going before, Stj. 353:—bulk.
n. great folk, persons of distinction.
n. great folk, persons of distinction, Hkr. ii. 381.
f. = fyrirfari.
u, f. a foreboding, sign, mark, Fs. 125.
f. walking ahead, leading.
u, f. a walking ahead, leading, Fms. ii. 75, v. 72.
(see gefa), v. to forgive.
gaf, to forgive, Nj. 170, Hom. 44, Sks. 579, N. T. passim.
f. forgiveness.
f. forgiveness, Rb. 336, Th. 78, Fms. viii. 442, Stj. 110, N. T. passim.
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adj. pinched, worn out.
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d, to forget, Barl. (rare.)
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f. forgetfulness, Sks. 607, (rare.)
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ð, to forfeit, N. G. L. i. 341, Eg. 495, K. Á. 70, Nj. 191.
n. promise.
n. a promise, Fms. i. 217: esp. in a sacred sense, Stj., Rb. 336, N. T. passim: a presage, Fms. vi. 63, v. l.
(að), v. to intend for (e-m e-t).
ð, to premeditate.
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f. forethought, Stj. 10, Barl. 127.
f. forethought, care.
u, f. (-hygsla, N. G. L. i. 215), forethought, prevision, Fms. ii. 121, Ld. 186, Hkr. ii. 102, H. E. i. 387, v. l. (freq.)
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f. trouble, toil.
(see koma), v.
1) to destroy, with dat.;
2) avert, prevent.
kom, to destroy, put to death, with dat., Al. 132, Vígl. 22, Fms. i. 9: to prevent, avert, Korm. 208, Sks. 706; þá var svá fyrirkomít magni þeirra (cp. Germ. vorkommen), Fms. viii. 53.
f. woman of distinction.
u, f. a woman of distinction, a lady, Fms. ii. 22.
m. distinguished king.
m. a distinguished king, Fas. iii. 188.
(see kunna), v. to blame one for (~ e-n e-s).
kunni; f. e-n e-s, to blame one for a thing, to take a thing amiss, Eg. 254; eigi vil ek fyrirkunna þik þessa orða, Ó. H. 57, Stj. passim: with dat. of the thing, to be displeased at, Str. 9.
(see kveða), v. to refuse (e-m e-t).
kvað, to refuse, Fms. x. 382. Sturl. i. 37, Thom. 21, 23: reflex., en fyrirkveðask eigi at taka sættir, Fb. iii. 451.
(see láta), v.
1) to let go, give up;
2) to forgive (e-m e-t);
3) to give way.
lét, with acc., to let go, give up, Fms. i. 1, 156, viii. 251, x. 379: to forsake, i. 129, Mar. passim, Rb. 412.
2. with dat. of the person, acc. of the thing, to forgive, Fms. ix. 383, 410, Dipl. iv. 8:—in eccl. sense, H. E. i. 499, Gþl. 41, K. Á. 206; cp. forláta, which is more freq. in mod. usage.
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f. forgiveness.
a. not exacting, yielding.
adj. forgiving, mild, Fms. xi. 429.
(see leggja), v. to lay aside, forsake;
refl., ~st um e-t, to give it up.
lagði, to lay aside, forsake, Stj. 148: reflex., fyrirleggjask um e-t, to leave a thing alone, Bs. i. 194: part. fyrir-lagðr, forsaken, 823.
a. circumspect.
adj. circumspect, Ó. H. 145; eigi f. (and in mod. usage ófyrirleitinn), not circumspect, i. e. violent, Grett. 24 new Ed.
f. circuinspection.
f. circumspection, Fas. iii. 175; úfyrirleitni, rashness.
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lá; f. sér, to fall (of a woman), N. G. L. i. 213, 233.
a. contemptible.
adj. (-liga, adv.), contemptible, Stj. 244.
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f. contempt, Sturl. i. 64, 655 xxvii. 2.
(see líta), v. to despise.
leit, to look down on, despise, Lat. despicere (cp. the preceding words), Greg. 39, Blas. 44, Lv. 95, Sks. 270, Magn. 442, Fms. vi. 286, viii. 24, x. 256, Hkr. i. 104, N. T., freq. in mod. usage:—to forsake, Fms. vii. 174 (rare), vide forláta.
(see ljúga), v.
1) to forswear by lies (~ trú sinni);
2) with acc. to slander.
laug, to forswear by lies, Fms. viii. 293: f. trú sinni, to forswear one’s faith, Karl. 38: with acc. to slander, Fas. iii. 307.
m.
1) foreman, chief;
2) one who excels others;
3) predecessor.
m. a foreman, chief, Fms. ix. 341, 483, Ld. 106, Nj. 106: one’s better, one who excels others, Fms. xi. 326: a predecessor, Bs. i. 733: in mod. usage in pl. fyrir-menn, people of distinction.
a. distinguished-looking.
adj. (-liga, adv.), like a distinguished man, Fms. xi. 231, Ld. 90.
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n. a person of rank, Bs. ii. 524.
(see muna), v. to grudge one a thing (e-m e-t).
pres. -man, pret. -mundi, in mod. usage -að, (-munar, -munaði, -munað):—to grudge one a thing; f. e-m e-s, eigi er þat satt, at ek fyrirmuna þér viðarins, Ld. 318; ek fyrirman ekki Þorgilsi þessarar ferðar, 258, Fms. vi. 59, x. 110, Grett. 159 new Ed., Fas. i. 205, Orkn. 24, Fs. 68, Ó. H. 61: with infin., Sks. 554.
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fyrir-myndan, f. [Germ. vorbild], a prototype, example.
(-ta, -tr), v.
1) to injure one by one’s words (~ e-m);
2) to curse.
t, to swear, Grett. 94 new Ed., Bs. ii. 60, Gþl. 218.
(see nema), v.
1) ~ e-m mál, to deprive one of speech, make one silent;
2) refl., ~st e-t, to forbear.
nam, with acc., f. e-t, to withhold, N. G. L. i. 4, cp. mod. fortaka; f. e-m mál, to deprive one of speech, make one silent, Ls. 57:—chiefly reflex., fyrirnemask e-t, to forbear, N. G. L. i. 579, Gþl. 58, Sturl. i. 2.
m. forerunner.
a, m. a forerunner, Sks. 43.
m. forerunner.
a, m. id., Hom. 105, Stj. 441.
n. the ‘room’ in a ship of war before the ‘lypting’, the middle ‘room’ of a boat.
n. the first room or chief cabin in old ships of war, in the after part of the ship next the lypting, as is clear from passages such as, þá hljóp Ólafr konungr ór lyptingunni ok í fyrirrúmit, Fms. x. 360; hann sat aptr i fyrirrúminu, vii. 185, viii. 223, x. 360, 362, Hkr. i. 302, Orkn. 148:—but Grett. 113 (new Ed.), speaking of a boat pulled by three men, distinguishes between háls, fyrirrúm, skutr, bow, midship (mod. Icel. miðskipa), and stern, fyrirrúms-menn, m. pl. one placed in the f., cp. Engl. midshipman, Fms. vii. 223, viii. 224:—metaph. phrase, hafa e-ð í fyrirrúmi, to keep a thing in the fore-hold, i. e. to give preference to it.
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ð, to ‘foredo’ one by lies and slander, N. G. L. i. 57.
f. ambush.
f. (less correct fyrir-sátr, n., Fms. x. 341), an ambush, Nj. 93, 160, Ld. 220, Fms. ii. 296, Fs. 33, Valla L. 225.
(see segja), v. to foretell.
sagði, to foretell, Fms. i. 141.
f. preposition.
f., gramm. a preposition, Skálda 180.
f. laughinigstock.
f. a laughing-stock, Bs. i. 155.
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að, to order, prescribe, Barl. 69, 72.
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f. an ordinance, Stj. 621.
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skaut, to make void, N. G. L. i. 52, 53, Gþl. 268.
f. ‘fore-shirt’, apron.
u, f. a ‘fore-shirt,’ apron, Hdl. 46, Þorst. Síðu H. 178.
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ð, to despise, Thom. 23.
f. prophecy.
f. ‘fore-spaeing,’ prophecy, Sturl. i. 115 C.
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u, f. a standing before one, Grág. ii. 14: mod. obstacle.
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stóð, to understand, Fas. ii. 298, Fms. viii. 54, v. l.
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stal, to forfeit by stealing, Jb. 417, Js. 129.
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a, m. an overseer, Sturl. i. 1.
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að, to answer for, Band. 22 new Ed.
(see sverja), v. to forswear, renounce by oath.
sór, to forswear, renounce by oath, Fms. x. 396, 419: reflex. to forswear oneself, Hom. 151.
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n. a fore-seat, Sturl. i. 21.
f. dictation, instruction.
f. ‘fore-saying’ i. e. dictation, instruction, Fms. vii. 226, Grág. i. 7, Bs. i. 133, Fs. 21, Stj. 190, 355: style, Rb. 2: prophecy, 655 xxxi.
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m. the ‘fore-song’ or prelude in a service, Fms. vii. 198.
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n. prominence; fyrirtaks-gáfur, f. pl. prominent gifts, and in many other compds.
(see taka), v.
1) to deny, refuse;
2) to forbid.
tók, to deny, refuse, Bs. i. 758, Fms. ii. 65, Jómsv. 50, Ld. 186: to forbid, H. E. i. 456.
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f. waywardness, caprice.
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n. what is taken in hand, a task.
f. pl. persuasion.
f. pl. persuasion, Fms. ix. 52, x. 301, xi. 11, Hom. 52.
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n. the warp.
m. precaution.
a, m. precaution, Fs. 65.
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n. a ‘fore-warp,’ dam, Bs. i. 315.
(see vega), v. to forfeit by manslaughter.
vá, to forfeit by manslaughter, N. G. L. i. 64, Fms. v. 101.
(see verða), v. to collapse, vanish; ~ sik, to be destroyed;
refl., ~st, to perish, collapse.
varð, to vanish, collapse; þá féll ok fyrirvarð allt sem mold, 656 A. 2. 5, Sl. 27; svá sem augu firverða sem eigi taka læknis lyf, 656 B. 12:—so also, fyrirverða sik, to be destroyed, Stj. 25; also to be ashamed, Clem. 34, freq. in mod. usage in this last sense, otherwise obsolete:—and reflex. to perish, collapse, Stj. 91, 118, 149, Str. 66.
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u, f. = forverk.
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vannsk, dep. to forbear doing a thing, Bs. i. 341, Þiðr. 140, Grett. 78 new Ed.
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part. = fyriryrkjendr, Hm.
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u, f. a foreboding, Stj. 81.
f. leading, management.
f. = forysta, q. v., Sturl. iii. 270, Eb. 126.
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part. pl. (forverk), workmen, labourers, N. G. L. i. 98.
f. design, purpose.
f. a design, Nj. 9, Eg. 467, Bs. i. 404, Ísl. ii. 355, Skálda 170.
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d, [forn], to get old, to decay, N. G. L. i. 37: as a law term, of a claim, to be lost by lapse of time, þá fyrnisk sú skuld, 24; legorðs-sök engi fyrnisk, Grág. i. 349; sú sök fyrnisk aldregi, 361:—to be forgotten, hans nafn mun aldri fyrnask, Fas. i. 43:—with dat. of the person, with the notion of past evils, henni fyrndisk aldri fall Ólafs konungs, she never forgot king Olave’s death, Fms. v. 126; þótti honum sér þá skjótara fyrnask líflát Droplaugar, Dropl. 9; allítt fyrnisk mér þat enn, Korm. 172; henni mátti eigi fyrnask við Svía konung, at …, Ó. H. 51: the saying, fyrnisk vinskapr sem fundir (mod. svo fyrnask ástir sem fundir), Fms. ii. 62: part. decayed, fallinn ok fyrndr, Stj.; kirkja fyrnd ok fölnuð, Bs. i. 198; fölnar fold, fyrnist allt og mæðist (a ballad).
II. mod. in act. to lay up stores; fyrna hey, etc.
f.
1) age, antiquity; í ~inni, in times of yore;
2) decay, dilapidation (f. kirkjunnar).
f. age, antiquity, Dipl. ii. 5, Sks. 517; esp. in the phrase, í fyrndinni, in times of yore, 625. 170, Fas. i. 513, Sks. 67:—decay, dilapidation, Pm. 122, Bs. i. 293:—a law term, loss of a claim by lapse of time. Thom. 76.
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f. decay, Grág. ii. 267: pl. fyrningar, old stores left from last year, hey-f., matar-f., etc., (mod.)
f.
1) age; slitinn af fyrnsku, worn with age;
2) witchcraft; vita fyrnsku, to be skilled in witchcraft.
u, f., prop. age; slitin, fúinn af f., worn, rotten from age, Stj. 366: decay, Grág. ii. 268: at fyrnsku. from olden times, N. G. L. i. 45; í fyrnskunni, in days of yore, Str. 1:—a law term = fyrnd, skal þar eigi f. fyrir ganga, N. G. L. i. 249:—old lore, witchcraft, Fb. i. 231, Fs. 131. fyrnsku-háttr, m. old fashion, Fms. xi. 430.
adv.
1) before, sooner; því betr þykki mér er vér skiljum f., the sooner we part the better; svá sem f. sögðum vér, as we said before; f. en, before (conj.), sooner than;
2) rather.
compar. adv. sooner; FYRST, superl. first, soonest: [cp. Goth. faurþis = πρωτον, πρότερον, and faurþizei = πρίν; Engl. for-mer; Swed.-Dan. för, först; Lat. prius.]
I. compar. sooner, before; því betr þykki mér er vér skiljum fyrr, the sooner we part the better, Fas. ii. 535; at vér bræðr myndim þetta fyrr gört hafa, Nj. 61; veitti Eirekr fyrr, Landn. 216: fyrr enn, before that, Lat. priusquam, enginn veit sína æfina fyrr en öll er (a saying); fyrr enn ek hefir eignask allan Noreg, Fms. i. 3, Nj. 5, Stj. 135, Ld. 176.
2. before; ekki hefi ek þar fyrr verit, er …, Eb. 224; sem engi veit fyrr gört hafa verit, K. Á. 28; svá sem fyrr sögðum vér, Fms. x. 366.
II. superl. first; fyrst sinna kynsmanna, Ld. 162; þá sök fyrst er fyrst er fram sögð, Grág. i. 79; sá fyrst (first) er hánum var first (last) boðit, N. G. L. i. 14: first, in the beginning, foremost, opp. to síðarr or síðast, Eirekr veitti fyrst vel ok ríkmannliga en Hallsteinn síðarr, Landn. 216, v. l.; gékk Hrútr fyrst, foremost, Nj. 6; hreppsóknar-menn eru fyrst aðiljar at þessum sökum, Grág. …
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u, f., the phrase, í fyrrunni, formerly, Stj. 10.
I)
a. compar. former.
II)
adv. (= fyrr) before, sooner, rather (~ skal ek deyja, en).
compar. adj. former; FYRSTR, superl. the first, foremost:
I. compar., yðra fyrri frændr, Fms. i. 282; fyrra sumar, the former summer, before the last, Grág. i. 38; enn fyrra hlut vetrar, in the former part of winter, Eg. 713; spurðisk eigi til þeirra heldr en til enna fyrri, Ó. H. 129; Drottins dag (annan dag viku) inn fyrra í þingi. Grág. i. 49 (the parliament lasted about a fortnight); enn fyrra sunnudag, N. G. L. i. 348; í fyrra dag, the day before yesterday, Háv. 50; í fyrra sumar, the summer before last, id.; með hinum fyrrum fótum, with the fore feet (mod. með fram-fótunum), Bær. 9; ætla ek á engan mann at leita fyrri, Fms. vi. 109; vera e-m fyrri at e-u, to get the start of one, Hm. 122; usually verða f. til e-s, verða fyrri til höggs, Úlf. 7. 56.
II. superl. the first; þær sakar skal allar fyrstar segja fram, Grág. i. 38; ef sá verðr eigi búinn til er fyrstr hefir hlotið, id.; enn fyrsta aptan er þeir koma til þings, 100; eigi fellr tré við hit fyrsta högg (a saying), Nj. 224.
adv. formerly, before.
adv. formerly, before, Fms. i. 268, ix. 422, Hkr. i. 80.
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t, [fors], to gush, stream in torrents, Stj. 414.
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n. gushing in torrents; hvít-fyrsi, Thom. 21.
f., í fyrstunni, í fyrstu, in the beginning, at first.
u, f., in the phrase, í fyrstunni or í fyrstu, in the beginning, at first, Stj. 293, Fms. x. 265; í fyrstu, first, i. 2.
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ð, [forve], to ebb; þaðan ór fjöru er fyrvir útast, Grág. i. 356, 380: metaph. to fall short, to lack, ok skal telja þann dag með er á fyrvir, the lacking day shall be counted with the rest, Rb. 1812. 72; gjalda þat er á furði (afurði MS.), Grág. ii. 187.
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n., better fis, [Germ. fese; O. H. G. fesa; Gr. πίσος], prop. of the husks of beans, any small light substance; sem fys, Ps. i. 4.
(-ta, -tr), v. to urge (f. e-n e-s) impers., mik fýsir, I am eager, desire strongly (mik fýsir til Íslands, heim);
refl., ~st, to desire, feel desirous or eager; also ellipt. (hann kvaðst eigi f. til Íslands at svá búnu).
að, in the phrase, e-m er ekki fysað saman, a thing not put slightly together, well knit, Fms. iii. 590.
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interj. fye! skalf á hnakka hý | hverr maðr kvað fý, Sturl. i. 22.
f.
1) foulness, stink;
2) dirty fellow (= mannfýla).
u, f. [fúll], foulness, stink, Fas. iii. 171, Fms. x. 213: of a person, a dirty, paltry fellow, Sturl. ii. 135; fýlur enn ekki dugandi menn, Fbr. 211; helvítis-fýlur, Niðrst. 107; fiski-fýla, q. v.
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a nickname, prob. Gaelic, Landn.
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1. n. fir, = fura. fýri-skógr, m. fir-wood, Karl. 326, Fms. vii. 236.
2. n. fire, Lex. Poët.; vide fúrr.
(-ta, -tr), v. to urge (f. e-n e-s) impers., mik fýsir, I am eager, desire strongly (mik fýsir til Íslands, heim);
refl., ~st, to desire, feel desirous or eager; also ellipt. (hann kvaðst eigi f. til Íslands at svá búnu).
t, [fúss], to exhort; fýsa e-n e-s, with acc. of the person, gen. of the thing, Fms. xi. 22; auðheyrt er þat hvers þú fýsir, Ld. 266: with infin., Nj. 47, Fb. ii. 13: absol., Eg. 242.
2. impers., mik fýsir, I wish, Fms. vi. 238, viii. 412; hverr hafi þat er hann mest fýsir til, Nj. 197; svá skjótt sem hann fýsir til, Fms. xi. 437; fýsir konung til á sund at fara, Al. 22; þik fýsi at kanna annarra manna siðu, Ld. 164: in the reflex. form the impers. usage disappears, ek fýsumk aptr at hverfa, Sks. 3, Fms. vi. 398; fýstisk Ástríðr þá at fara þangat, i. 77: fýsask himneskra hluta, to wish for heavenly things, Greg. 31; hann kvaðsk eigi fýsask til Íslands at svá búnu, Nj. 123.
3. part. fýsendr, exhorters; margir vóru þess fýsendr, Sturl. ii. 175.
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a, m. a persuader, 655 ii. 8.
f. wish, desire (= fýsn, fýst).
f. a wish, desire, Fms. i. 184, vi. 57, vii. 281, ix. 277, Landn. 201, Fs. 23, Stj. 42, 145, Bs. i. 167, Hom. 47.
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f. exhortation, Fas. i. 225.
adv. willingly, desirably.
adv. willingly, Fms. ii. 239: desirably, viii. 47.
a. desirable, attractive.
adj. agreeable, 656 B. 5, Sks. 29: winning, winsome, attractive, Eg. 30, 116, Nj. 131, Eluc. 51, Sks. 2, v. l.
f. = fýsi; e-m er ~ á at gera e-t, one is desirous of doing (or eager to do) a thing.
mod. fýsn, f. = fýsi, Fms. i. 117, xi. 244, Fs. 22. Magn. 468, Str. 66; frá þessa heims fýstum ok girndum. Stj. 148; rangar fýstir, Fms. v. 217, Stj. 149: in eccl. sense the Gr. ἐπιθυμία is sometimes rendered by fýsn (e. g. fýsn holdsins, f. augnanna, 1 John ii. 16; heimrinn og hans f., 17), though more freq. by girnd (lust): fýsn is used much like Germ. neigung = impulse, inclination: it occurs in a great many compds, as fróðleiks-fýsn, lestrar-f., lærdóms-f., náms-f., desire for knowledge, learning; andleg f., holdleg f., spiritual, carnal desire; kærleiks f.; mannlegar fýsnir, human affections.
f.
1) fewness, scantiness;
2) coldness (in intercourse); f. er með þeim, they are on indifferent terms; taka f., to become melancholy.
f. [fár, adj.], fewness, scantiness, Fms. i. 291.
II. coldness, cold intercourse, cp. fár, Þórð. 65; fað hefir verit á með þeim, Glúm. 373; hann görði fæð á við Kálf, Fms. v. 126, vi. 30, 110, 243, xi. 327, passim: melancholy, en er dró at Jólum tók Eirekr fæð mikla ok var úglaðari en hann átti vana til, Þorf. Karl. 404.
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u, f. food, Stj. 19, 29, 149, Fms. ii. 139.
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dd, [i. e. fœða; cp. Goth. fôdian; A. S. fêdan; Engl. feed; Germ. füttern; Swed. föda; Dan. föde]:—to feed, give food to, Symb. 28, Rb. 82, Fms. ix. 490, Nj. 236, Grág. i. 43, K. Þ. K. 50; fæða barn á brjósti, to feed a bairn at the breast, Bs. i. 666:—to feed, of sheep, Dropl. 14.
2. to rear, bring up, N. G. L. i. 239, 351; ef maðr fæðir barn öðrum manni, Grág. i. 276; hann fæddi Helga (dat.) barn, Dropl. 14; fóstra sú er maðr hefir fædda, Grág. ii. 60; Teit faddi Hallr í Haukadali, Íb. 14; mik fæddi Gamaliel, 655 xvi. B. 3.
II. to give birth to; faddi Bergljót sveinbarn, Fms. i. 31, Ó. H. 122; til barn er fætt, N. G. L. i. 340; litlu síðar fæddi hon barn, Ó. H. 144.
III. reflex. to feed, live on a thing; við hvat fæddisk kýrin, Edda 4, Stj. 16: metaph., Bs. i. 166:—to be brought up, þat vóru náfrændr Bjarnar ok höfðu með honum fæðzk, Eg. 253: esp. adding upp, fæddusk þar upp synir Hildiríðar, 25, Fms. i. 4, 187, Edda 18:—to be born, freq. in mod. usage; fæddr, part. born, 625. 93; þar var Kristr fæddr, Symb. …
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n. food, Fms. vi. 164, Stj. 22.
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f. birth, delivery, Stj. 198, 248, passim.
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a, m. a native, Fms. i. 130, x. 225, Ld. 24, Þiðr. 123, Karl. 434, Róm. 184.
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m., poët. a feeder, breeder, Lex. Poët.
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and fæzla, u, f. food, 625. 91, Fms. iii. 136, viii. 31, x. 367, Greg. 64, Sks, 20, 784, Sturl. i. 20 (Ed. fetlima, qs. fetzluna), Stj. 29, 52, 61.
COMPDS: fæðslulauss, fæðsluleysi.
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adj. without food, Hom. 101.
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n. want of food, Fas. iii. 8.
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adj. [fága], neat, polished, Stj. 22, 42, Bret. 24.
(-ða, -ðr), v.
1) to polish;
2) to cleanse (f. sár).
ð, [Germ. fegen], to cleanse, polish, Sks. 43, 234, Fms. viii. 416: medic., fægja sár, to cleanse a wound, Rd. 283, Glúm. 383, Fbr. 209; eldr var á gólfi ok velgdi hón vatn til at fægja sár, Ó. H. 222, Hom. 70.
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ð, = feykja, Hom.
(að), v.
1) to make few, reduce in number;
2) refl., ~st, to grow cold, unfriendly (heldr tók at f. með þeim).
v. fætta.
(-da, -dr), v. to frighten, scare (f. e-n braut);
refl., ~st e-t, to be frightened at; hestar fældust, the horses shied.
1. d, [fála], to frighten, drive away by fright. Grág. ii. 110; ok f. þá í braut, Nj. 104: reflex. to be frightened, of horses or the like; svá at landvættir fældisk við, Landn. 258; ef menn skaka eðr skella at hrossum svá at þau fælisk við, Grág. ii. 234, Fms. vi. 335; fældusk hestar Grikkja, Al. 142, Bs. i. 8; þetta fælask Skrælingjar, Þorf. Karl. 424.
2. ð, [i. e. fœla from fúl], to fool, mock, Clem. 44; þeir mundu skjótt hafa fælt þik ok svá verit, El. 14, 18; lesi hann, fyrr en fæli, librum Machabaeorum, Al. 22.
f. frightening.
f. a frightening, Fms. xi. 160.
a. shy, timid.
adj. shy, of a horse, Grett. 25 new Ed.; myrk-f., afraid of the dark.
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f. shyness, fright, of a horse: myrk-f. fear of darkness, of children.
f. sheep.
f. a sheep; in Swed.-Dan. faar and fär are the usual words for sheep; but in Icel. it is almost unknown; it occurs in Skálda 162; also now and then in the compd fær-sauðr, m., spelt fjar-sauðr, Tistr. 4 (prop. a ‘sheep-sheep,’ sauðr being the common Icel. word for sheep), Stj. 45, 177, 235, N. G. L. i. 75, K. Þ. K. 130; from fær is also derived the name Fær-eyjar, f. pl. the Faroe Islands (Sheep-islands); Fær-eyskr, adj., and Fær-eyingar, m. pl. the Faroe Islanders; described by Dicuil as plenae innumerabilibus ovibus, p. 30 (Ed. 1807): fær is a South-Scandin. word, and seems to be formed from the gen. of fé (fjár).
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1. ð, [from fár, n., different from the following word, having á as root vowel], to slight, taunt one, with dat.; ok færa þeim eigi í orðum né verkum, offend them not in words nor acts, Hom. 57: mod., færa at e-m, id.
2. ð, [i. e. fœra, a trans. verb formed from the pret. of fara, fór; not in Ulf.; A. S. fergan or ferjan; Engl. to ferry; Germ. führen; Dan. före; Swed. föra]:—to bring; a very freq. word, as the Germ. and Saxon ‘bring’ was unknown in the old Scandin., as in mod. Icel.; the Dan. bringe and Swed. bringa are mod. and borrowed from Germ.; færa fé til skips, Nj. 4; færa barn til skírnar, K. Þ. K. 2 passim; ef Þorvaldr væri færandi þangat, if Th. could be carried thither, Sturl. i. 157.
2. to bring, present; hafði Þórólfr heim marga dýrgripi ok færði föður sínum ok móður, Eg. 4; þér munut f. mér höfuð hans, 86; færa e-m höfuð sitt, to surrender to one, Fms. x. 261; færa fórn, to bring offerings, Stj. passim; færa tak, to offer, give bail, Gþl. 122: the phrase, koma færandi hendi, to come with bringing hand, i. …
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f. the condition of a road, passage, from snow, rain, etc.; íll f., Sturl. iii. 22; þung f., Fms. ii. 75, freq.
from fár, few.
1. n. a being within reach; and as a shooting term, a range, Fms. i. 12, viii. 49, Nj. 63, Eg. 115, Ver. 26: a match for one, Ld. 116, Fms. ii. 27; ekki barna f., no match for bairns, Háv. 52: in pl. allit., fé eðr f., money or means, Grág. i. 62, 252: the phrase, vera í færum til e-s (mod. um e-t), to be able to do a thing, Grett. 110 C, Fms. xi. 265; með-fari, e. g. það er ekki mitt með-færi, it is no match for me:—söng-færi, hljóð-f., a musical instrument; veiðar-f., fishing gear; verk-f., tools; mál-f., organs of speech; tæki-f., occasion.
COMPDS: færileysi, færivandr, færiván, færiveðr.
2. n. a fishing-line, Vígl. 46, freq. in mod. usage.
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f. a freight, Jb. 393.
2. translation, 415. 14.
3. = færi, Anal. 201: better farning, q. v., Bjarn. 73, Sturl. i. 74, bad readings.
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f. pl. movable pens (of sheep).
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n. want of means, Grág. (Kb.) ii. 12.
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and fær-ligr, adj. practicable, easy to do, Fms. vii. 335, viii. 33:—færiligr hestr, a strong, serviceable horse, Ld. 276.
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adj. cautious, Rd. 294.
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f. opportunity, Gísl. (in a verse).
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n. weather fit for a journey, Eb. 482, 485, Fms. xi. 374.
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adj. able, capable; færr til e-s. capable of, or with infin., able to do a thing, Nj. 215, Fms. i. 284, v. 71, xi. 24; vel færr, doing well, strong, Ísl. ii. 357; hress ok vel f., Eg. 84:—able, strong, in travelling, manna bezt færir bæði á fæti ok á skíðum, 73; færr hvert er þú vilt, Ld. 44; Sigmundr görisk færr (able-bodied) maðr mjök, Fær. 77; færr hestr, a strong, serviceable horse, Grág. i. 46, 328; búfé fært at mat sér, Gþl. 502.
2. of things, fit for use, safe; of a ship, sea-worthy, opp. to úfært, Eg. 114: of weather, fært (úfært) veðr, weather fit (unfit) for travelling, Gþl. 31, freq.; þegar fært var landa milli, when the passage was open from one land to another (of the sea), Fms. ii. 232: of roads, rivers, sea, etc., safe, passable, Petlands-fjörðr var eigi f., i. 200; vegir færir at renna ok ríða, Gþl. 411; al-f., ú-fært, íll-f., etc.: the law phrase ‘eiga eigi fært út hingað,’ not to have leave to return hither (i. e. to Icel.), is the third degree of outlawry, Grág. i. 119, Þ. Þ. ch. 60:—neut. with dat. denoting safe, unsafe, er þér at síðr fært með þessi orðsending, at ek hygg …, it is so far from safe for thee to go with this errand, that …, Fms. …
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1. m. ability, strength, esp. in bodily exercise, Fs. 3, Finnb. 242, Orkn. 114, Grett. 149 C, Fas. i. 331.
2. m. a horse, freq. in mod. usage, akin to fær (?).
v. to have to do with (~ um e-t).
tt, a dubious word, in the phrase, eiga um vandræði at f., to have to grapple with hardships, Glúm. 374; er hann svá í öllu sínu athæfi at trautt megu menn um hann fæta, such in all his doings that people could hardly manage him, Fb. i. 167; menn megu trautt heima um þik fæta, 173, (tæla, Fms. xi. 78, 92): Icel. now say, það verðr ekki við hann tætt, there are no ways with him, of an unruly person.
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m. pl. [fótr], the ends formed by the feet, in a skin.
(að), v. = fækka.
mod. fækka, which form occurs in MSS. of the 14th century, also fætka; but in a poem of 1246 tí-rætt and fætta are made to rhyme: [fár]:—to make few, reduce in number, in old writers with acc., in mod. with dat.; at fætta skyldi húskarla, Ó. H. 113 (Fms. iv. 255).; Hkr. ii. 183 fækka less correct; ok fætta svá lið þeirra, Fbr. 74 new Ed., but fæcka in Fb. ii. 164, l. c.: reflex. to grow fewer, less, en er Hákon jarl sá fættask liðit á skipum sínum, Fms. i. 174; þegar grjótið fættisk, xi. 95; þá er fattask tóku föng, Sturl. i. 135; at eldiviðrinn tæki at fættask, Orkn. 112; fækkuðusk skotvápnin, Eb. 248.
2. to grow cold, unfriendly, (fár II); heldr tók at fækkask með þeim, Vápn. 9, Fs. 149.
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u, m. a grandfather on the father’s side.
m. inheritance after a father.
m. inheritance after a father, Eg. 470, Rd. 282, Fb. ii. 172.
m. slayer of another’s father.
a, m. slayer of another man’s father, Nj. 120, Landn. 286, Fms. vi. 367, vii. 220, Fb. i. 555.
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m. better than one’s father, Grett. 110.
m. father’s brother, uncle.
m. a father’s brother, uncle, Grág;. i. 171, ii. 185, Nj. 4: föðurbróður-sonr, a father’s brother’s son, Fms. x. 390.
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f. pl. weregild for a father, Fms. ii. 109, Hkr. iii. 387.
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a, m. a father’s death, Ísl. ii. 116, Fas. i. 34.
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n. a father’s slaughter, Ísl. l. c., v. l.
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f. = föðurarfr, Landn. 214, v. l.
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m. a father’s father, Grág. i. 171, ii. 185, Jb. 14, Fms. i. 67, vii. 16.
m. kinsman on the father’s side.
a, m. a kinsman on the father’s side, Gþl. 261, Ld. 24.
m. a father’s house.
m. a father’s house, Fas. iii. 250, cp. K. Á. 58.
n. pl. were gild for one’s father.
n. pl. weregild for one’s father, Edda 48, Ísl. ii. 216.
f. pl. revenge for one’s father.
f. pl. revenge for one’s father if slain, Ld. 260, Rd. 305, Vd. 94, Al. 7; as to this heathen custom, vide Sdm. 35, Skv. 3. 12, Nj. ch. 120 (en þó er þér meiri nauðsyná at hefna föður þíns), Heiðarv. S. (the revenge of Gest), Fms. vi, Har. S. harðr. 103 (the taunts of Halli), Ld. ch. 60, cp. also Eb. ch. 38, etc.
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n. a father’s house, Stj. 398, 463.
n. father’s kin; skozkr at ~i, on the father’s side.
n. father’s kin, Eg. 266.
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n. [Germ. vaterland, Dan. fædreland], fatherland, Bær. 17, a rare word, sounding even now affected and mod.; Icel. prefer saying ætt-jörð, fóstr-jörð, or the like.
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adj. fatherless, H. E. i. 237.
f. patrimony.
(föður-leif, Bær. 5, Fms. x. 386), f. a patrimony, viz. land and estates, Fms. i. 52, v. 117, vii. 176, Ld. 104.
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adv. and föður-ligr, adj. fatherly, Stj. 63, Fms. vi. 70, Finnb. 226.
f. father’s mother, grandmother.
f. a father’s mother, Nj. 25, Grág. i. 171.
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[whence Dan. faster], f. a father’s sister, Grág. i. 171, Fms. iv. 24; füðursystur-dóttir, the daughter of a father’s sister, a niece, Hkr. iii. 170.
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m. a degenerate son, Mag.
f. kinsfolk on the father’s side.
(or -átt), f. kinsfolk on the father’s side, Grág. i. 171, Nj. 25, Gþl. 158.
= fagnaðr, joy.
v. fagnaðr.
f. thin covering of snow.
n. [fölr], a thin covering of snow, Fb. ii. 149, 154, Fbr. 31 new Ed.
(að), v. to grow pale (~ði ok hræddist); to wither (gras ~r); kirkja fyrnd ok fölnuð, decayed.
að, to grow pale, Edda 36, Ld. 224, Fas. i. 189, Sks. 466 B; prop. to wither, of grass, gras fellr allt ok fölnar, Edda (pref.); fölnanda lauf, Sks. 608 B; eidr fölnaðr (of fire), Eb. 100 new Ed., v. l.:—rarely, and less correctly, of other things, kirkja fyrnd ok fölnuð, decayed, Bs. i. 198; dúkr fölnaðr, a faded cloth, Ann. 1344: reflex., Stj. 142, (badly.)
f. withering, fading away.
f. a withering, fading away, Fms. vii. 91.
(acc. -van), a. pale; f. sem aska (gras, nár), pale as ashes (grass, a corpse).
adj., old forms fölvan, fölvir, etc.; in mod. usage the v is left out, fölan, fölir, etc.; [A. S. fealo; O. H. G. falo; Old Engl. fallow; Dutch vaal; Germ. fahl and falb; cp. Lat. pallidus, Gr. πολιός]:—pale; fölr sem grass, pale as grass, Nj. 177; hann görði fölvan í andliti, Glúm. 342; fölr sem nár, pale as a corpse, Fb. ii. 136; fölr sem aska, pale as ashes, Þiðr. 171, 177: poët., fölvir oddar, the pale sword’s point, Hkv. 1. 52; fölr hestr, a pale horse (but rare), 2. 47; net-fölr, pale-nebbed, Am.; fölr um nasar, id., Alm. 2; ná-fölr, pale as a corpse.
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part. pale, burnt out, of fire, Fs. 6, Eb. 100 new Ed., Ísl. ii. 135.
m. while ashes.
a, m. [O. H. G. falavizga: mid. H. G. valwische; Swed. falaska; the word is composed from fölr and aska]:—the pale, white ash spread over burning embers; so Icel. call the ashes while they still keep their shape before crumbling in pieces; þeir sá á eldinum fölskann er netið hafði brunnit, Edda 39; fölski var fallinn á eldinn, Fas. ii. 388; fölskar, Stj. 58, Mar. (Fr.): metaph. in mod. usage, fölska-lauss, adj. without f., sincere, real, e. g. fölskalaus elska, sincere love.
a. pale-looking.
adj. looking pale, Nj. 39, Fb. i. 545, Vápn. 29.
pp. pale-coloured.
part. pale, Nj. 183.
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adj. [fang], stout-looking, in good condition, Sturl. i. 159 C.
(gen. fannar; pl. fannir), f.
1) snow (hvítr sem f. nýfallin);
2) snow-wreath.
f., gen. fannar, pl. fannir, [cp. Gæl. feonn = white], snow, esp. a heap of snow, Landn. 154, Fms. iii. 93, Sturl. ii. 118, Sd. 164, Karl. 441, 501, N. G. L. i. 291; fannir, heaps of snow, Grett. 111 C, cp. fenna, fann-. In Norway Folge-fonn is the name of a glacier.
I) (gen. farar; pl. farar and farir), f.
1) journey; vera í f. með e-m, to be in company with one; vera í förum, to be on trading voyags; eiga skip í förum, to own a trading ship;
2) attack, assault (= atför);
3) fate (munt þú hafa farar Hákonar jarls); vér munum fara eina för allir, it will go with us all in the same way;
4) vera á föru (förum), to be on the wane (lausafé hans var heldr á förum).
II) pl. from far, footprint.
f., gen. farar; old pl. farar, later and mod. farir; the acc. with the article is in old writers often contracted, förna = förina; [fara, cp. far, ferð]:—a ‘fare,’ journey, Nj. 11; er þeir váru komnir á för, when they had started, 655 iii. 3; vera heim á för, to be on the road home, Ísl. ii. 362; vera í för með e-m, to be in company with one. Eg. 340; var brúðrin í för með þeim, Nj. 50: a procession, Lex. Poët.; bál-för, lík-f., funerals; brúð-f., a bridal procession.
2. chiefly in pl. journeys; hvat til tíðinda hafði orðit í förum hans, what had happened in his journeys, Eg. 81:—of trading voyages (far-maðr), vera í fo:;rum, to be on one’s travels, Ld. 248, Nj. 22; eiga skip í förum, to own a trading ship, Fb. i. 430, (cp. fara milli landa, to fare between countries, i. e. to trade, Hkr. pref.): fara frjáls manns förum, to fare (live) about free, to live as a free man, N. G. L. i. 32; svefn-farar, sleep, Gísl.; að-farir, treatment.
3. in law, of vagrants (vide fara A. I. 2); dæma för úmögum, Grág. i. 87; dæma e-m för, 86; …
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að, to grow faint, weak; ef hann of förlar, if he fails, (the passage is dubious, and something seems left out), K. Þ. K. 42: reflex. to fall into ruin, ef förlask reiðir, svá at um bæta þarf, Gþl. 77; þá mun brátt f. afl ráða-görðar, Sks. 331:—impers., e-m förlask, one grows weak, esp. from age, Krók. 40; in mod. usage, finn eg að augum förlast sýn, I feel my eyes grow dim, Hallgr.
m. = farnaðr.
v. farnaðr.
a. rambling, strolling about.
adj. rambling, strolling about, Nj. 131; víð-f., wide-travelling.
f. vagrant woman.
u, f. a vagrant woman, Þiðr. 226.
m. vagrant, beggar.
m. a vagrant man, a pauper, Gþl. 432. Jb. 183.
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adv. (-ligr, adj.), beggarly, Vígl. 60 new Ed.
m. fellow-traveller, companion.
m. [Germ. fahr-genosse], a companion, fellow-traveller, Ísl. ii. 336, Sturl. i. 116, ii. 21, Fms. ii. 8, Nj. 14, Vápn. 29, passim.
n.
1) company;
2) retinue.
n. a company of travellers. Clem. 32 (spelt förunauti), Edda 108, Jb. 380, Eg. 23: a retinue, Fms. iv. 82, x. 102, Nj. 37: a company, 280, Sks. 579, Grett. 139 C.
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f. Friday night, K. Þ. K. 122.
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f. breaking the fast, K. Á. 192.
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f. abstinence in fasting, Stj. 147.
m.
1) fast-day;
2) friday (= frjádagr);
~inn langi, Good Friday.
m. a fast-day, K. Á. 186, 187, Nj. 165; the Icel. name of Friday, Rb. 112, Grág. i. 146; Föstudagr Langi, Good Friday, Nj. 158.
n. Friday evening.
n. Friday evening, Fms. vii. 159, Nj. 187.
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m. fast-day food, Sturl. i. 139, Fms. iv. 283, v. l.
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m. Friday morning, Orkn. 370.
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f. Friday night, Nj. 186: fast-nights, K. Þ. K. 122.
f. fast-time.
f. fast-time, Fms. v. 199, K. Þ. K. 134, Am. 37.
m. fast-time.
a, m. fast-time, Stj. 148.
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m., pl. föslar. [Germ. fasel; O. H. G. fasal; A. S. fæsel]:—a brood; gljúfra f., the brood of the chasms, a dragon, poët., Nj. 109 (in a verse), an απ. λεγ.
a. having a mane different in colour from the body (~ hestr).
adj. [fax], a horse with mane differing in colour from the body, Landn. 195, Fas. ii. 168, Rd. 299, Karl. 151, 350; gló-f., Bs. ii. 261.