n.
1) fatherhood, paternity; ganga við f. at e-m or e-s, kennast f. e-s, to acknowledge or admit paternity; at f. eða móðerni, on father’s or mother’s side; var hann ljóss ok fagr eptir f. sínu, like his father;
2) patrimony.
n. fatherhood, paternity, Fms. vii. 164; at f. eðr móðerni, on father’s or mother’s side, Eg. 267, Fms. ix. 251; verða sekr um f., to be convicted of fatherhood, Grág. i. 86; ganga við f., to acknowledge one’s fatherhood, Fms. i. 257, ii. 19, iii. 130; faðerni opp. to móðerni, vi. 223.
β. patrimony, Skv. 3. 67.
γ. a parent, the father; ekki var breytt um f. Kolla, Bjarn. 45 MS. (Ed. wrongly föðurinn); hann var ljóss ok fagr eptir f. sínu, as his father, Edda 7.
δ. eccl. = Lat. paternitas, Bs. ii. 14, 80, 151, Th. 12, Mar., etc.
(gen., dat. and acc. föður, pl. feðr), m. father.
m., gen. dat. and acc. föður: pl. nom. and acc. feðr, gen. feðra, dat. feðrum; there also occurs a monosyllabic nom. föðr or feðr, gen. föðrs or feðrs, dat. and acc. föðr or feðr, the pl. as in faðir; this form occurs passim in MSS. and editions, but is less correct and quite obsolete, Eg. 178, Fms. i. 6, N. G. L. i. 52, Stj. 130: in mod. usage in gen. both föður and föðurs, better föðrs: feðr nd veðr are rhymed, Edda 95; cp. also the compds all-föðr (of Odin), but Al-faðir of God in mod. usage: [Goth. fadar; A. S. fader; Early Engl. fader, mod. father; O. H. G. fatar, mod. vater; Swed.-Dan. fader; Lat. pāter; Gr. πατήρ; all of them bisyllabic]:—a father, N. G. L. i. 30, Grág. i. 170, Stj. 71, Hom. 47, passim:—in eccl. sense, Lat. pater, a father of the church, Stj. 126; speki feðra, Eluc. 2, K. Á. 30; faðir ok forstjóri, father and ruler, Mar.:—God, heavenly Father, N. T.; Foðir Vor, Our Father (i. e. the Lord’s Prayer, Lat. Pater Noster). Proverb or saying, fleygir fúsum til föður húsa, swift is the ride towards a father’s house. …
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(að), v. to embrace;
refl., ~st, to embrace one another.
að, to embrace, Stj. 185, Barl. 29, Gg. 3: recipr. to embrace one another. Sks. 572: metaph. to grasp with the arms, Sturl. i. 169, Al. 86.
f. embracing.
f. embracing, Str.
(-s, -ar), m.
1) the out-stretched or embracing arms; sofa (liggja) í faðmi e-m, to sleep (lie) in one’s arms; leggjast í faðma, to embrace each other; fallast í faðma, to be set off against each other, balance each other (málin vóru í dóm lagin, ok féllust vígin í faðma);
2) bosom (legg hönd þína í sjálfs þíns faðm);
3) a measure of length, fathom.
m. [cp. Goth. faþa = φραγμός; A. S. fæðem; Engl. fathom; O. H. G. fadam; Germ. faden or fadem = Lat. filum; Dan. favn; Swed. famn; the root is akin to that of Gr. πετάννυμι, cp. Lat. patere, pandere, prop. to stretch out]:—a fathom:
1. a measure = two passus, Hb. 732. 5, Grág. ii. 262, 336, Landn. 35, 131, Fms. viii. 416, Eluc. 43, Gísl. 14; very freq. used in measuring depths or heights; thus fertugt djúp, þrítugr hamarr, etc. invariably means forty fathoms deep, thirty fathoms high; whereas roads are measured by ‘fet’, stuffs, etc. by ‘ells’.
2. the arms; brjóst ok f., Fms. v. 344, Sturl. i. 214, Rm. 16, Th. 9, Am. 73; sofa í faðmi e-m, to sleep in one’s arms, Hm. 114; hafa barn í faðmi, Fms. vii. 31: the bosom, Stj. 260. Exod. iv. 6: often in the phrase, fallask í faðma, to square one thing with another, set off against, Landn. 307, Orkn. 224, Glúm. 396, Bs. i. 696, Fs. 139, Gullþ. 19.
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m., poët. a dweller in one’s arms, husband, Lex. Poët.
n. embrace.
n., esp. in pl. embraces, Ísl. ii. 269, Fms. iii. 129, Bret. 24: metaph., Sks. 550, Mar. 119.
(að), v.
1) to rejoice in a thing (f. e-u, í e-u or af e-u);
2) f. e-m, to welcome one, receive one with good or bad cheer (var honum þar vel ~t);
3) f. vetri, jólum, sumri, to rejoice, make a feast, at the beginning of winter, Yule, summer.
að, [Ulf. faginon = χαίρειν; A. S. fægnian; Hel. faganon; cp. Engl. fain, Icel. feginn]:—to be fain, to rejoice, Greg. 20, 40, Sks. 631; fagnið þer og verið glaðir. Matth. v. 12, John xvi. 20; fagnið með fagnendum, Rom. xii. 15: with dat., fagna e-u, to rejoice in a thing; allir munu því fagna, 623. 43, Nj. 25, Ld. 62.
2. fagna e-m, to welcome one, receive with good cheer, Nj. 4; var honum þar vel tagnað, 25, Eg. 36, Fms. iv. 131, ironic, vii. 249, x. 19.
β. with prep., fagna í e-u, to rejoice in a thing, Th. 76; fagna af e-u, id., Stj. 142, Th. 76.
γ. the phrase, fagna vetri (Jólum, sumri), to rejoice, make a feast at the beginning of winter (Yule, summer); þat var þá margra manna siðr at f. vetri … ok hafa þá veizlur ok vetrnátta-blót, Gísl. 18; ef ek mætta þar í veita í haust vinum mínum ok f. svá heimkomu minni, Fms. i. 290; þat er siðr þeirra at hafa blót á haust ok f. þá vetri, Ó. H. 104.
m. joyfull event.
m. a joyful event, Barl. 88.
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m. glad tidings.
m. day of rejoicing.
m. the day of rejoicing, Fms. x. 226.
n. joyful message.
n. a joyful message, Bs.
n. pl., e-t ~m, to hear with joy.
n. pl., heyra f., to hear with joyful ears, Hom. 143.
a. joyfull.
adj. joyful, Bs. i. 201, Fms. i. 244.
m. joyfull meeting.
m. a joyful meeting, Fms. x. 405, xi. 438.
m. weeping for joy.
m. weeping for joy, 655 xxvii. 9.
n. joyful promise.
n. a joyful promise, Th. 9.
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f. joyful teaching.
f. dainty.
f. a dainty, Stj. 443.
a. joyless; wretched, poor.
adj. (-leysi, n.), joyless, Bs. i. 462, 801: wretched, poor, 464, Fms. xi. 445.
m. trunpet of joy.
m. a trumpet of joy, Stj. 631.
n. sign of joy.
n. a sign of joy, Hom. 104.
n. shout of joy.
n. a shout of joy, Al. 13, Róm. 214.
f. voice of joy.
f. a voice of joy, Stj. 434.
a. joyous, joyful.
adj. (-liga, adv.), joyful, Hom. 140, Stj. 148.
n. raiment of joy.
n. raiment of joy, Eluc. 46.
m. place of joy.
m. a place of joy, Hom. 147.
a.
1) happy;
2) graceful, gracious.
adj. delightful, Fms. vi. 441, Pass. xxvii. 12.
m. song of joy.
m. a song of joy, Hom. 140, Sks. 754, Stj. 434.
f. time of joy.
f. and fagnaðar-tími, a, m. a time of joy, Stj. 141, Bs. i. 131, Fms. ii. 196.
n. pl. joyful, glad tidings.
n. pl. joyful, glad tidings, Hom. 88, Fms. ii. 253, iv. 250.
f. joyful feast.
u, f. a feast of joy, Stj.
f. abode of joy.
f. an abode of joy, 625. 6.
n. joyous banquet.
n. a joyful banquet, merry feast, Al. 150, Hkr. ii. 31.
(gen. -ar), m.
1) joy (eilífr f.);
2) welcome, greeting;
3) hospitable entertainment (gerðu henni fagnað þá viku alla); öl ok annar f., ale and other good cheer;
4) kunna sér þann fagnað, to be quite satisfied or content (kunni hann sér þá þann fagnað at girnast ekki á Svíakonungs veldi).
and fögnuðr, m., gen. fagnaðar, pl. ir, [Goth. faheds = χαρά], joy, Greg. 68, Hom. 85; gaudium er fögnuðr, Bs. i. 801; eilífr f., Hom. 42, Stj. 44; himinríkis f., heavenly joy, Fms. x. 274; óvina-fögnuðr, triumph, joy for one’s foes, Nj. 112.
β. metaph. welcome, good cheer, Hkr. i. 50, Eg. 535, Fms. i. 72, iv. 82; görðu henni fagnað þá viku alla, 625. 86: the phrase, kunna sér þann fagnað, to be so sensible, so clever, Band. 9, Hkr. ii. 85, v. l.; öl ok annarr fagnaðr, ale and other good cheer, Grett. 98 A. In the N. T. χαρά is often rendered by fögnuðr, Mark iv. 16, Luke i. 14, ii. 10, viii. 13, x. 17, xv. 7, 10, John iii. 29, xv. 11, xvi. 21, 22, 24, xvii. 13, Rom. xiv. 17, xv. 13, 2 Cor. ii. 2, etc., in the same passages in which Ulf uses faheds; fögnuðr is stronger than gleði.
COMPDS: fagnaðaratburðr, fagnaðarboðskapr, fagnaðardagr, fagnaðareyrendi, fagnaðareyru, fagnaðarfullr, fagnaðarfundr, fagnaðargrátr, fagnaðarheit, fagnaðarkenning, fagnaðarkrás, fagnaðarlauss, fagnaðarlúðr, fagnaðarmark, fagnaðaróp, fagnaðarraust, fagnaðarsamligr, fagnaðarskrúð, fagnaðarstaðr, fagnaðarsæll, fagnaðarsöngr, fagnaðartíð, fagnaðartíðindi, fagnaðarveizla, fagnaðarvist, fagnaðaröl. …
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m. = fagnaðarfundr.
m. a joyful meeting (of friends); varð þar f., there was great joy, good cheer, Eg. 130, 180, 198, 515, Ísl. ii. 387, Fms. iv. 305, v. 41, x. 405, Stj. 478.
β. a happy discovery, Stor. 2 (MS.), of the poetical mead; the edition wrongly þagna-fundr.
(fögr, fagrt; comp. fegri), a. fair, fine, beautiful; f. sýnum, álitum, fair to see; fagrt veðr, fair (fine) weather; f. söngr, beautiful (sweet) song; fagrt kvæði, a fine poem; talaði fagrt, en hugði flátt, spoke fair, but thought else.
adj., fem. fögr, neut. fagrt; compar. fagrari or better fegri, superl. fagrastr or better fegrstr; mod. fegurri, fegurstr; [Ulf. fagrs = ευθετος; A. S. fœger; Engl. fair; O. H. G. fagar; Dan. favre, in Dan. ballads favre mö = fair maid; Swed. fager]:—-fair; used very freq. and almost as in Engl., except that the Icel. does not use it in a moral sense, like Engl. fair, unfair:
1. of persons, the body, etc.; fögr mær, a fair maid, Nj. 2, Vkv. 2; fagr sýnum, fair to see, Fms. i. 116; f. álitum, id., Edda 5, Skv. 1. 27; fögr hönd, a fair hand (hand-fögr), Fms. ix. 283; fógr augu, fair eyes (fagr-eygr); fagrt hár, fair hair, Ísl. ii; fagrar brúðir, fair brides, Sdm. 28; mær undarliga fögr, a wonderfully fair maid, Hkr. i. 40; fegra mann (a fairer man) eðr tígurlegra, Fms. vi. 438.
2. of places; fögr er Hlíðin svá at mér hefir hón aldri jafnfögr sýnzk, Nj. 112; fagra túna (gen.), a fair abode (‘toun’), þkv. 3; salr sólu fegri, Vsp. 63; fagrar lendur,fair fields, Ld. 96: freq. in local names, Fagra-brekka, Fagr-ey, Fagri-dalr, Fagra-nes, Fagri-skógr, etc. …
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n. pl. costly, fair things.
n. pl. costly, fair things, Barl. 176.
m. beauty, = fegrð.
m. beauty, Fms. v. 281, xi. 428.
a. of a fair complexion, beautiful.
adj. of fair complexion, beautiful, Fms. vii. 321, Gísl. 71.
adv. fairly, beautifully.
(fagrla, Ó. H. in a verse), mod. fallega, adv. fairly, beautifully. Fms. i. 141, vii. 147, x. 243, Fs. 145.
a.
1) fine-looking, handsome;
2) agreeable (fagrlig þjönasta).
adj., mod. contracted fallegr (cp. fallega above), which word is at the present time in Icel. used very much as fine, nice are in Engl., that is to say, of almost everything, whereas this form is hardly found in old writers:—fair, fine, Vtkv. 6; f. penningar, fine money, Fs. 6; f. skrúði, a fine dress, Stj. 142; f. sigr, Fms. x. 231; f. hljóðan, sweet tunes, Bs. i. 155.
(að), v. to demand for purchase (f. e-t af c-m or at e-m; f. til e-s).
að, [falr], to demand for purchase, with acc., Fms. i. 135, iii. 159, Ld. 28, Eg. 714; f. e-t af e-m (better f. e-t at e-m), Fms. iii. 208, x. 4, Nj. 73, Ld. 144.
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and fölun, f. a demand for sale; leggja f. á e-ð.
I)
(feld; félt, féldura; faldinn), v. to array with a woman’s hood (f. e-n or e-m e-u, or með or við e-u); f. sik motri, með or við motri, to hood oneself with a motr; Brandr var faldinn, Brand had on a woman’s headgear; hjálmi faldinn, wearing a helmet.
II)
(að), v.
1) to hood (see prec.);
2) to fold; fá mer skyrtu þína, en ek skal f. hana saman, I shall fold it up; ~ aptr, to unfold.
u, f. = faldr, Korm. 240 (in a verse).
I)
(feld; félt, féldura; faldinn), v. to array with a woman’s hood (f. e-n or e-m e-u, or með or við e-u); f. sik motri, með or við motri, to hood oneself with a motr; Brandr var faldinn, Brand had on a woman’s headgear; hjálmi faldinn, wearing a helmet.
II)
(að), v.
1) to hood (see prec.);
2) to fold; fá mer skyrtu þína, en ek skal f. hana saman, I shall fold it up; ~ aptr, to unfold.
in old writers this word (if used in sense II) always follows the strong form and is declined like halda, viz. pret. félt, Landn. 166, vide Lex. Poët. passim, pl. féldu; pres. sing. feld; imperat. falt; pret. subj. féldi, Orkn. (in a verse); part, faldinn; but in signf. I (to fold) it is weak (faldar, faldaði), though it seldom occurs in old writers in this sense: in mod. usage the weak form only is used: [Ulf. falþan = πτύσσειν in Luke iv. 20. to fold or close the book; A. S. fealdan; Engl. to fold; Germ. falten; Dan. folde; Swed. fålla; Fr. fauder; cp. Lat. plicare]:—to fold, with acc.:
I. gener. to fold; ek skal f. hana saman, I shall fold her up, Str. 9; tók hón þá skyrtuna ok faldaði saman, id.; sem hón hafði saman faldat, id.; f. fald eptir, to unfold a fold, id.; at engi mundi þann fald aptr f., id.; ef hón gæti aptr faldat skyrtu þína, 13.
β. to hem; falda dúk, klút, etc., to hem a towel, kerchief, or the like; cp. faldaðr, ófaldaðr.
II. esp. to hood or cover the head, chiefly used of ladies wearing the fald, q. …
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m.
1) old;
2) hem of a garment; kyrtill hlaðbúinn í fald niðr, a kirtle laced down to the hems;
3) a sort of (woman’s) headgear, hood.
m. [A. S. feald; Engl. fold; Germ. falte; O. H. G. fald; Dan. fold; Ital. falda, and faldetta (in Malta); Fr. fauvetta and faudage]:—a fold, of a garment, Str. 9, 13, l. 19, 21, where it is even spelt foldr; in Icel. hardly ever used in this sense.
β. the hem of a garment; hún gékk á bak til ok snart fald hans klæða, Luke viii. 44; og fald sinna klæða stækka þeir, Matth. xxiii. 5; og báðu hann, að þeir mætti snerta að eins fald hans fata, Mark vi. 56; kyrtill hlaðbúinn í fald niðr, a kirtle laced down to the hems, Fms. iv. 337; allt í fald niðr, Mag. (Fr.) 63; klæða-faldr, Pass. 36. 9.
II. a white linen hood, the stately national head-gear worn by ladies in Icel., of which drawings are given by Eggert Itin. pp. 24, 27, Sir Joseph Banks in Hooker’s Travels, the account of the French expedition of the year 1836 sq., and in almost all books of travels in Iceland. In old Sagas or poems the fald is chiefly recorded in Ld. ch. 33 (the dreams of Guðrún Osvifs datter), cp. Sd. ch. 25; in the Orkn. S. ch. 58 the two sisters Frakök and Helga, daughters of the Gaelic Moddan, wore a fald (þá hnyktu þar af sér faldinum, ok reyttu sik), 182. …
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f. adj. hoodless, having her fald pulled off, Sd. 181.
n.
1) fall; f. er fararheill a fall bodes a lucky journy; koma e-m til falls, to cause one to fall; föll berast á e-n, one begins to reel or stagger;
2) fall, death in battle (í flótta er í. veist);
3) carcase of a slaughtered animal (cf. nautsfall, ‘sauðarfall’);
4) frequent deaths from plague (ef mýss gørðu mein á mat eða klæðum, þá kom f. í þær);
5) heavy sea (reis f. mikit alit frá grunni);
6) sin, transgression;
7) downfall, ruin, decay; f. engla, the fall of angels; gózin eru at falli komin, the estates are dilapidated;
8) quantity (of a vowel or syllable);
9) gramm., case.
n., pl. föll, [common to all Teut. idioms except Goth.], a fall:—defined in law, þat er fall ef maðr styðr niðr kné eðr hendi, Grág. ii. 8, Ísl. ii. 246, Al. 76, Sd. 143: the proverb, fall er farar heill, a fall bodes a lucky journey, Fms. vi. 414 (of king Harold at Stamford-bridge), viii. 85, 403, Sverr. S.; sá er annarr orðs-kviðr at fall er farar heill, ok festir þú nú fætr í landi, Fb. i. 231, cp. Caesar’s ‘teneo te, Africa;’ falls er ván að fornu tré, Stj. 539; stirð eru gamalla manna föll; flas er falli næst, flurry is nigh falling: föll berask á e-n, one begins to reel, stagger. Fas. iii. 429; koma e-m til falls, to cause one to fall, Edda 34; reiddi hann til falls, he reeled, Eb. 220. 2. a fall, death in battle, Lat. caedes, Fms. i. 11, 43, 89, Nj. 280, Eg. 37, 106, Ó. H. 219, passim; the proverb, í flótta er fall vest, Fms. viii. 117; val-fall, Lat. strages; mann-fall, loss of men in battle.
β. the ‘fall,’ a plague in cattle or beasts, murrain, 655. 2, Bs. i. 97, 245, 456.
γ. the carcase of a slaughtered animal; baulu-fall, sauðar-fall, nauts-fall, hrúts-fall, Stj. …
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(fell; féll, féllum; fallinn), v.
1) to fall;
eigi fellr tré við fyrsta högg, a tree falls not with the first stroke;
~ af baki, to fall from horse back;
~ á kné, to fall on one’s knees;
~ áfram (á bak aptr), to fall forwards (backwards);
~ flatr, to fall prostrate;
~ til jarðar, to fall to the ground;
refl., láta ~st (= sik ~), to let oneself fall (þá lét Loki ~ í kné Skaða);
2) to drop down dead, be killed, fall (in battle);
3) to die of plague (féllu fátœkir menn um alit land);
4) to flow, run (of water, stream, tide);
særinn fell út frá landi, ebbed;
féll sjór fyrir hellismunnann, the sea rose higher than the cave-mouth;
síðan féll sjór at, the tide rose;
þeir sá þá ós mikinn ~ í sjóinn, fall into the sea;
á fél (a river flowed) við skála Ásólfs;
var skipit svá hlaðit, at inn féll um söxin, that the sea rushed in at the prow;
5) of clothes, hair, to fall, hang down;
hárit féll á herðar honum aptr, the hair fell back on his shoulders;
létu kvennváðir um kné ~, they let women’s dress fall about hi s knees;
6) to fall, calm down (of the wind);
féll veðrit (the storm fell) ok gerði logn; …
pret. féll, 2nd pers. féllt, mod. féllst, pl. féllu; pres. fell, pl. föllum; part. fallinn; reflex. féllsk, fallisk, etc., with the neg. suffix fellr-at, féll-at, féllsk-at, Am. 6, vide Lex. Poët. [Common to all Teut. languages except Goth. (Ulf. renders πίπτειν by drjûsan); A. S. feallan; Engl. fall; Germ. fallen; Dan. falde; Swed. falla.]
A. to fall; as in Engl. so in Icel. falla is the general word, used in the broadest sense; in the N. T. it is therefore used much in the same passages as in the Engl. V., e. g. Matth. v. 14, vii. 25, 27, x. 29, xii. 11, xiii. 4, xxi. 44, Luke xiv. 5, John xii. 24, Rom. xi. 11, xiv. 4, 1 Cor. x. 12, 1 Tim. vi. 9, Rev. viii. 10: blómstrið fellr, James i. 11: again, the verbs hrynja and hrapa denote ruin or sudden fall, detta a light fall, hrasa stumbling; thus in the N. T. hrynja is used, Luke xxiii. 30, Rev. vi. 16; hrapa, Luke x. 18, xi. 17, xiii. 4, Matth. xxiv. 29; hrasa, Luke x. 30; detta, xvi. 21: the proverb, eigi fellr tré við hit fyrsta högg, a tree falls not by the first stroke, Nj. 163, 224; hann féll fall mikit, Bs. i. 343; hón féll geigvænliga, id. …
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adj. fair. falliga, adv., vide fagrligr.
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að, dep. [for. word, Lat. fallere], to prove false, Stj. 4, K. Á. 224; to fall, of a woman, H. E. ii. 190.
a. n., e-m verðr ~, one staggers, is in great danger of falling.
n. adj. staggering, in danger of falling, Eb. 240.
m. ice-berg.
m. or fall-jaki, a, m. an ice-berg, Sks. 176.
f. plague (ef ~ kemr í fé manns).
f. a murrain, plague, Grág. i. 458.
m. a place to fall upon (leita sér fallstaðar).
m. a falling place, Fms. viii. 435.
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n. a big gun, (mod.)
a. unsteady, changeable, uncertain (~ fagnaðr þessa heims).
adj. reeling, metaph. in eccl. writers, faltering, changeable, uncertain, of worldly things, opp. to heavenly; f. heimr, f. líf. Post. 656 B. 11, Magn. 504; f. hlutir, opp. to eilífr hlutir, Hom. 42; f. fagnaðr þessa lífs, Fms. i. 225; fallvaltan rikdóm, 1 Tim. vi. 17.
I)
(-s, -ir), m. the socket of a spear-head, into which the shaft fits (spjótsfalr).
II)
a. for sale, to be sold; eiga (hafa, láta) falt, to have a thing for sale; mér eru e-t fait, I am willing to part with; þeir er mér eru falastir til þungs hlutar, whom I would most willingly let suffer.
1. m. [fal, Ivar Aasen], the socket of a spear’s head in which the handle is put, often richly ornamented (spjóts-falr), Fas. iii. 388, Stj. 461, Eg. 285, 726, Edda 83, Ld. 98, Nj. 108, K. Þ. K. 96, Fms. iv. 278, 338, Fs. 127; vide Worsaae 344 sqq., 498.
2. adj. [A. S. fæle; O. H. G. fali; Germ. feil; Swed. and Dan. fal]:—venal, to be sold, Fms. i. 185, Sd. 188, Ld. 146; e-m er e-t falt, or eiga (láta) e-t falt, to have a thing for sale, Grág. ii. 243, N. G. L. i. 237, Fms. vii. 20, Nj. 32; gjaf-falr, Fms. vii. 124; metaph., er mér eru falastir til þungs hlutar, i. e. I should not mind if they fared ill, Lv. 105, Mag. 59, Trist. 8, 11 (Fr.)
n. fraud, deceit, imposture.
adj. = falskr, false, Barl. 134, 144, 149, 152, Fms. ii. 210.
n. fraud, deceit, imposture.
n. [for. word, Lat. falsum], a fraud, cheat, deceit, imposture, Fms. viii. 265; f. ok svik, ix. 283; illusion, in a dream, xi. 371; adulteration, ii. 129, Gþl. 490–493.
(að), v.
1) to falsify, forge (f. rit, bréf, innsigli);
2) to defraud, impose upon (f. e-n); f. e-t af e-m, to get a thing from one by fraud (vil ek eigi, at þú falsir fé af mínum þegnum); to spoil (f. brynju).
að, to defraud, impose upon, Nj. 106, Fms. ii. 129; to cheat, Hkr. i. 8; f. e-t af e-m, to cheat one of a thing, Fms. viii. 295; to spoil, El. 12; brynjan falsaðisk, the coat of mail proved false. Fas. i. 507.
2. to falsify, forge; f. bréf, K. Á. 222; neut., f. ok hégóma, to use false and vain language. Stj. 131; part. falsaðr, false, Fms. i. 139, Stj. 58. 592.
m. impostor, deceiver.
a, m. an impostor, deceiver, Fms. viii. 295. ix. 261, 262, El. 31.
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adj. [for. word, Germ. falsch], false; f. bræðr, 1 Cor. xi. 26; it occurs first in the 15th century.
in compds., false, fraudulent, forged.
in compds, false, fraudulent, forged: fals-blandaðr, part. blended with fraud, Stj. 142; fals-bréf, n. a forged deed, Bs. i. 819; fals-guð, n. a false god, Fms. i. 304, Sks. 308; fals-heit, n. pl. false promises, Art.; fals-kona, u, f. a false woman, harlot, Korm. 76; fals-konungr, m. a false king, pretender, Bær. 15, Fms. ix. 433, Gþl. 35; fals-kristr, m. a false Christ, Matth. xxiv. 24; fals-penningr, m. false money, Karl.; fals-postuli, a, m. a false apostle, 1 Cor. xi. 15; fals-silfr, n. bad silver, Fær. 217; fals-spámenn, m. false prophets, Matth. vii. 15, xxiv. 24; fals-trú, f. false doctrine, heresy, Barl.; fals-vitni, n. a false witness, H. E. i. 522, Barl. 142.
a. guileless; falslaus máli, good money; falslaust kaup, a bargain in good faith.
adj. guileless, Edda 20; f. máli. good money, Fms. vi. 245; f. kaup, a bargain in good faith, Bs. i. 719. falslaus-ligr, adj. (-liga, adv.), sincere, in good faith, Stj. 149.
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m. a falsehood, Post. 98.
a. false.
adj. (-liga, adv.), crafty, vile, Flóv. 43; false, Fms. v. 242.
a. deceitful.
adj. deceitful, Stj. 144.
a. false, fraudulent.
adj. (-liga, adv.), false, crafty, Sks. 404.
a. crafty, cunning.
adj. crafty, cunning, Stj. 144 (MS. 227).
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að, dep. to be cumbered; f. við e-t, to be puzzled about a thing, Fær. 174; cp. fatrask.
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m. barrel-hoof, hollow-hoof, a mythol. horse, Edda.
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f. a spear with an ornamented socket, Mork. 200.
m. fool: cf. fimbul~.
a, m. a simpleton, Hm. 103.
n.
1) grasp, hold;
fá ~ á e-m or af e-m, to get hold of one (fekk engi þeirra ~ á mér);
sá þeir, at þeir fengu ekki ~ at Erlingi, they saw that they could not catch H.;
2) wrestling, grappling (taka ~ við e-n, ganga til ~s);
ganga á ~ við e-n, ganga í ~ e-m, to grapple with one, provoke one;
~s er ván at frekum úlfi, it is hard to deal with a hungry wolf;
3) the space between the arms, the breast and arms;
kom spjótit í ~ honum, the spear pierced his breast;
reka í ~ e-m, to throw in one’s face;
hafa e-t í ~i sér, to hold in one’s arms, to have in one’s power;
taka í ~ sér, to take into one’s arms (tók manninn í ~ sér ok bar út);
fœrast e-t í ~, to undertake a thing, take upon oneself;
fœrast e-t ór ~i, to throw off, refuse;
4) catching fish, fishing;
halda (fara) til ~s, to go a-fishing; take, catch, draught (~ þat, er þeir áttu báðir);
5) fœtus in sheep and cows (ef graðungr eltir ~ ór kú);
6) pl., föng, baggage, luggage;
föng ok fargögn, luggage and carriage, provisions (öll vóru föng hin beztu);
borð með hinum beztum föngum, a table with the best of cheer; …
n. [for the root vide fá]
I. a catching, fetching:
1. catching fish, fishing, Eb. 26, Ám. 32; halda til fangs, to go a-fishing, Ld. 38: a take of fish, stores of fish, hann bað þá láta laust fangit allt, þat er þeir höfðu fangit, Fms. iv. 331; af öllu því fangi er þeir hljóta af dauðum hvölum, Ám. 36; f. þat er þeir áttu báðir, cp. veiði-fang, her-fang, prey.
2. in plur.,
α. baggage, luggage, Nj. 112; föng ok fargögn, luggage and carriage, 266; ok er þeir höfðu upp borit föngin, carriage, Orkn. 324: stores, forn korn ok önnur föng, Fms. iv. 254.
β. provisions, esp. at a feast; öll vóru föng hin beztu, Fms. iv. 102; kostnaðar-mikit ok þurfti föng mikil, Eg. 39; Þórólfr sópask mjök um föng, 42; veizla var hin prúðlegsta ok öll föng hin beztu, 44; hann leitaði alls-konar fanga til bús síns, 68, Fs. 19, 218; hence, borð með hinum beztum föngum, board with good cheer, Fms. i. 66; búa ferð hennar sæmiliga með hinum beztum föngum, x. 102.
γ. metaph. means, opportunity; því at eins at engi sé önnur föng, Fms. iv. 176; …
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(að), v. to capture (áðr en hann var ~ðr); f. dauða, to catch one’s death, die.
að, [Germ. fangen = to fetch, whence Dan. fange], to fetch, capture, Stj. 122, Vígl. 29, Bs. i. 881, ii. 118, Fb. i. 240; áðr en hann var fangaðr, Ísl. (Harð. S.) ii. 105; f. dauða, to catch one’s death, to die, Ór. 39: this word is rare and borrowed from Germ., it scarcely occurs before the end of the 13th century; part. fanginn vide s. v. fá and below.
a. having means (föng) for doing a thing.
part. having means (föng) for doing a thing, K. Á. 118, Ann. 1425.
m. wrestler.
a, m. a wrestler, Sd. 142, Barl. 148: a gaoler, (mod.)
f. wrestling ground (at the Althingi).
u, f. a wrestling ground, Glúm. 354.
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n. adj. falling short of provisions, Fms. viii. 367.
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u, f. = fanghella.
m. a body of jurymen taken at random.
m. a law term, a body of jurymen taken at random, opp. to búa-kviðr, defined Grág. ii. 99, 140.
a. void of means or provisions.
adj. void of means, of provisions, Fms. viii. 419.
n. want of stores.
n. want of stores, Róm. 263.
a. vile, not worth fetching.
adj. vile, not worth fetching, Vm. 119.
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n. mark of ownership, a monogram.
n. device, expedient; góðr, fljótr ~s, ready, quick at expedients.
n. a device, stratagem, a wrestling term, Nj. 253, Lv. 92, Orkn. 50.
m. wrestling jerkin.
m. a wrestling jerkin, Ísl. ii. 443.
m. a witness taken at random.
m. a law term, a witness fetched (summoned) at random, Gþl. 547–549.
m. prisoner (rare).
a, m. a prisoner, Mar., (rare and unclass.); cp. Dan. fange.
pp. captured; fig. enticed.
part. captured, Stj. 71, Ann. 1299, Bs. i. 698: metaph. enticed, Fas. i. 60; cp. ást-fanginn, captured by love, in love.
n. pl. wrestling (takast ~um).
n. pl. wrestling, Fs. 131.
n. prison, jail.
n. [Dan. fængsel; Swed. fängelse], a prison, gaol, Fms. iv. 167, xi. 240, (a rare and unclass. word); cp. dýflissa, myrkva-stofa.
f. a stone set on edge on a wrestling ground.
u, f. a stone set on edge in the arena, Ísl. ii. 446.
a. yielding little produce.
adj. yielding little produce, Bs. i. 335.
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f. a deadly struggle, Korm. (in a verse).
m. a place to grasp or lay hold of; fá fangstáð e-m, to get a hold of one; ljá fangstaðar á sér, to let oneself be caught.
m. something to grasp or lay hold of, in the phrases, fá f. á e-m, to catch hold of one, Vápn. 14, Th. 14; ljá fangstaðar á sér, to let oneself be caught, Fms. iv. 282.
a. having a good grasp, lucky.
adj. having a good grasp, Eb. 250: lucky, Vellekla.
f. taking a hold (in wrestling).
u, f. taking hold, in wrestling, Barl. 8.
m. an antagonist in wrestling (poet.).
m. and fang-vina, u, f. an antagonist in wrestling, Grett. 124 (in a verse), Eg. 103 (in a verse).
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f. pl. [Swed. fan, Engl. fan; cp. Germ. fahne, Goth. fana], a fan, in tálkn-fanir, the gill-flaps of a whale.
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u, f. heavy snow-drifts.
a. snow-white.
adj. white as driven snow (fönn), Stj. 206.
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u, f. a fall of snow.
a. snowy.
adj. snowy, Grett. 112.
(-s, -ar), m.
1) servant, footman (fant sé ek hvern á hesti, en lendir menn ganga);
2) landlouper, vagabond.
m. [Ital. fanti = a servant; Germ. fanz; Dan. fjante = an oaf; the Norwegians call the gipsies ‘fante-folk,’ and use fante-kjæring for a hag, fille-fant for the Germ. firle-fanz, a ragamuffin, etc.: the word is traced by Diez to the Lat. infans, whence Ital. and Span, infanteria, Fr. infanterie, mod. Engl. infantry, etc.,—in almost all mod. European languages the milit. term for foot-soldiers. In Norse and Icel. the word came into use at the end of the 12th century; the notion of a footman is perceivable in the verse in Fms. viii. 172 (of A. D. 1182)—fant sé ek hvern á hesti en lendir menn ganga, I behold every fant seated on horseback whilst the noblemen walk:—hence it came to mean] a landlouper, vagabond, freq. in Karl., Str., El., Flóv.; fantar ok glópar, Mar.; hversu vegsamligr var konungrinn af Ísrael í dag, hver eð afklæddist fyrir ambáttum þénara sinna, og lék nakinn sem fantar, and danced naked like a buffoon, Vídal. i. 220, cp. 2 Sam. vi. 20.
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m. a gang, tribe; Odd sá þekti allr fans, Stef. Ól.; þræla-fanz, a gang of thralls.
β. lumber, Úlf. 8. 64; akin to fantr.
n.
1) a means off passage, ship; bjarga fari á floti, to save a vessel qflaat; in compds., a trading vessel (Íslands-far, Englands-far);
2) passage; taka (fá, ráða) sér fari or far, to take a passage in a ship; beiðast fars, to ask for a passage; synja e-m fars, to deny one a passage; banna e-m f., to forbid one to sail (cf. farbann);
3) trace, print, track (Sveinki rak lömb sín til fjöru í förin); villast hundarnir farsins, the hounds lose the track; of et sama f., on the same subject;
4) life, conduct, behaviour; í fari konungsins in the king’s character;
5) state, condition (gefa þeir eigi gaum um hennar far) f. veðranna, the course of the winds; at fornu fari, of yore, of old.
n.
I. motion, travel; rare in this sense, as the fem. för and ferð, q. v., are used instead.
β. of the clouds, in the phrase, far á lopti, drift in the sky.
II. a means of passage, a ship; far er skip, Edda 110, Skálda 163: the allit. phrase, hvert fljótanda far, every floating vessel, Fms. xi. 125, Fær. 260; at bjarga fari á floti, Hm. 155.
2. in compds, a trading vessel; Íslands-far, an Iceland-trader, Fms. vi. 370, vii. 32; Englands-far, an English-trader, ix. 41; Dýrlinnar-far, a Dublin ship, Eb. 254; fjögra-, tveggja-, sex-manna-far, a four-, two-, six-oared boat.
3. passage, in the phrases, taka sér (e-m) fari, fá sér fari, ráða sér fari, usually so in dat., but in mod. usage acc. (taka, ráða sér far), to take a passage in a ship, Gþl. 516, Grág. ii. 400, 406 (acc.), Ld. 50, Landn. 307, Eg. 288, Nj. 111, 112, Ísl. ii. 199, Eb. 194; beiðask fars, id., Grág. i. 90, Fms. vi. 239; banna e-m far, to forbid one a passage, stop one (far-bann), Landn. 307; synja e-m fars, to deny one a passage (far-synjan), Hbl. …
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(fer; fór, fórum; farinn), v.
1) to move, pass along, go;
gekk hann hvargi sem hann fór, he walked wherever he went;
~ heim (heiman), to go home (from home);
~ á fund e-s to visit one;
fjöld ek fór, I travelled much;
hann sagði, hversu orð fóru með þeim, what words passed between them;
absol., to go begging (ómagar, er þar eigu at ~ í því þingi);
2) with ‘ferð, leið’ or the like added in acc., gen., or dat.;
~ leiðar sinnar, to go one’s way, proceed on one’s journey (= ~ ferðar sinnar or ferða sinna, ~ ferð sina, ~ för sina, förum sínum);
~ þessa ferð, to make this journey;
~ fullum dagleiðum, to travel a full days journeys;
~ stefnuför, to go a-summoning;
~ bónorðsför, to go a-wooing;
~ sigrför, to go on the path of victory, to triumph;
~ góða för, to make a lucky journey;
fig., ~ ósigr, to be defeated;
~ mikinn skaða, to suffer great damage;
~ hneykju, skömm, to incur disgrace;
~ erendleysu, to fail in one’s errand;
with the road in acc. (~ fjöll ok dala);
3) ~ búðum, bygðum, vistum, to move, change one’s abode;
~ eldi ok arni, to move one’s hearth and fire;
4) ~ einn saman, to go alone; …
pret. fóra, 2nd pers. fórt, mod. fórst, pl. fóru; pres. ferr, 2nd pers. ferr, in mod. pronunciation ferð; pret. subj. færa; imperat. far and farðu (= far þú); sup. farit; part. farinn; with the suffixed neg. fór-a, Am. 45; farið-a (depart not), Hkr. i. 115 MS. (in a verse). [In the Icel. scarcely any other verb is in so freq. use as fara, as it denotes any motion; not so in other Teut. idioms; in Ulf. faran is only used once, viz. Luke x. 7; Goth. farjan means to sail, and this seems to be the original sense of fara (vide far); A. S. faran; the Germ. fahren and Engl. fare are used in a limited sense; in the Engl. Bible this word never occurs (Cruden); Swed. fara; Dan. fare.]
A. NEUT. to go, fare, travel, in the widest sense; gékk hann hvargi sem hann fór, he walked wherever he went, Hkr. i. 100; né ek flý þó ek ferr, I fly not though I fare, Edda (in a verse); létt er lauss at fara (a proverb), Sl. 37: the saying, verðr hverr með sjálfum sér lengst at fara, Gísl. 25; cp. ‘dass von sich selbst der Mensch nicht scheiden kann’ (Göthe’s Tasso), or the Lat. ‘patriae quis exul se quoque fugit?’ usually in the sense to go, to depart, heill þú farir, heill þú aptr komir, Vþm. …
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f. beggar-woman.
u, f. a beggar-woman, Nj. 66; vide fara A. I. 2.
adv. without means of conveyance.
n. adj. without a horse, Fms. viii. 31, Bs. i. 349.
from för, journey.
vide för, a journey.
n. = farbann.
n. = farbann, Fas. ii. 494.
m. furthering one’s journey.
a, m. furthering one’s journey, Eg. 482 (v. l.), Grág. i. 298: metaph., Fms. i. 226.
m. travelling with pomp.
a, m. travelling with pomp, Orkn. 370, Fms. xi. 438, Fas. iii. 376.
m. the front of a host.
m. the front of a host, Al. 56, Hkv. 2. 17.
pp. = farbúinn.
part. = farbúinn, Fms. i. 3.
f. delay.
f. delay, Grág. i. 441, 436.
n. pl. equipment.
n. pl. outfittings, Eg. 169, 194, Ísl. ii. 204, Lv. 23.
m. money for travelling.
m. money for travelling, Gþl. 8.
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n. id.
m. conveyance.
a, m. a conveyance, K. Á. 70, Fms. ii. 234, Fs. 24, Eg. 541, Gþl. 369.
n. pl. necessaries for a journey.
n. pl. necessaries for a journey, Nj. 259, v. l.
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n. a hindrance, stoppage, 625. 184.
m. nag, horse.
m. a nag, (Fr.)
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n. a wagon-load, N. G. L. i. 240.
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n. on board-wages, N. G. L. i. 98.
n. leave to go.
n. leave to go, Eg. 424, Fbr. 91 new Ed., Hom. 141.
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m. = farmaðr, N. G. L. i. 199.
n. ale for use on a journey.
n. a bout before going, Eg. 88, Fas. i. 396.
m. = förunautr.
m. = förunautr, O. H. L. 78.
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n. = fararleyfi, Bs. (Laur.)
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m. (-skjóti, a, m.), a means of travelling, esp. a horse (or ass), Stj. 610, Fas. i. 126, Fms. iv. 38; hest, hinn bezta fararskjóta, Sturl. ii. 145 C.
m. walking-stick.
m. a walking-stick, 656 B. 1.
m. hindrance, delay in one’s journey.
a, m. hindrance, Jb. 283, 400, Orkn. 396.
f. a book of travels, an itinerary.
f. an itinerary, a book of travels, Clem. 38.
m. travelling circumstances or condition.
m. travels, Clem. 142.
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a, m. [Fr. fard; Old Engl. fard. farding; Norse fare, Ivar Aasen], scum (in milk, curds), and farða, að, to have scum formed on it.
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a, m. [Germ. farbe], colour, (modern and scarcely used.)
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n. [cp. Ulf. fairguni—a mountain], a press, press-weight; vera undir fargi, to be under a press, Bjarni 132.
(að), v.
1) with acc., to press;
2) with dat., to destroy, make away with.
1. að,
I. with acc. to press, Hom. 152, Bs. ii. 118.
II. with dat. to destroy, make away with, Bb. 1. 7.
2. u, f. [for. word, cp. farga. Du Cange], a sort of stuff, Pm. 6.
m. sea-farer, voyager, only in compds. (Dyflinnar-fari, Englands-fari); traveller (Jórsala-fari).
m. a sea-farer, in compds, Dyflinnar-fari, a Dublin trader; Englands-fari, an English seaman, Baut. 387, Rafn 217, Fms. vi. 240; Hlymreks-fari, a Limerick seaman, Landn.; Hallands-fari; Hólmgards-fari, one who trades to Holmgard; Jórsala-fari (a traveller to Jerusalem). Fms., Ann.
f. pl. merchant booths.
f. pl. merchant booths. K. Þ. K. 34.
n. pl. = farlög.
n. pl. = farlög, Jb. 7.
(-s, -ar), m.
1) freight, cargo (bera, flytja farm af skipi);
load (in general);
2) contents (maðrinn finnr fötuna með sínum farmi).
m. a fare, freight, cargo, Jb. 411, Eg. 129, Band. 5, Fms. iv. 259, Grág. ii. 395: metaph. a load in general, vide Lex. Poët.: in the Edda, Odin is Farma-guð and Farma-týr, m. the god and helper of loads,—he also was invoked bv sailors; skips-f., a ship’s freight: viðar-f., timbr-f., korn-f., hey-f., etc., a load of wood, timber, corn, hay, etc.
(gen. -ar), m. furtherance, speed (til farnaðar mér ok til ferðar); þar tit er hón kynni nökkurn farnað, till she had learned how to get on in the world.
and förnuðr, m., gen. ar, furtherance, speed; tíl farnaðar mér ok til ferðar, Grág. ii. 21, Skv. 1. 8, Fms, viii. 31; ú-farnaðr, bad speed; þar til hon kynni sér f., till she knew how to speed in the world, Ld. 116.
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að, dep. to speed well, Fms. iv. 56.
f. ferrying over, passage (veita e-m ~).
f. a ferrying over, passage; veita e-m f., Pd. 16, K. Þ. K. 24, Glúm. 371, Fbr. 158, Sturl. i. 18. Ísl. ii. 386, Grág. i. 98.
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m. prop. a landlouper; Alm. 5 spells
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f. ‘bullock-snout,’ Ýt. l. c., cp. also Germ. farren-schwanz and farren-kope (Grimm); the verse in Alm. 5 is probably addressed to the dwarf, not (as in the Edd.) the dwarf’s own words.
m. landlouper, vagrant.
a, m. [A. S. fearr; Germ. farre = a bullock], a bullock, Ýt. 14, Edda (Gl.)
β. [farri, Ivar Aasen], a landlouper, vagrant, Clar. (Fr.)
COMPD: farrafleinn, fjarrafleinn, firafleinn, farratrjóna.
n. (mode of) travelling, in the phrase, hverju (or með hverju) ~i (how, by what means) hann afði þar komit.
n. [A. S. fareld], a journey, only in the phrase, hverju faraldi, how, by what means, expressing wonder at one’s appearance, escape, or the like; mátti þat engi maðr vita hverju f. þangat mundi farit hafa, Bs. i. 338, Rd. 235, Sturl. iii. 219, Fs. 147 (where wrongly fem.), Mar. 98.
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m. (neut. Fb. l. c.), medic. pestilence, cp. Bs. i. 662 (the verse), Fb. i. 583 (the verse): in mod. usage plague, among animals.
(gen. -angrs), m. luggage.
m., gen. rs, luggage, Ísl. ii. 362, Fbr. 140.
n. prohibition of sailing, embargo.
n. a stopping of trade, an embargo, Eg. 403, Fms. vii. 285, ii. 127, Ann. 1243, Bs. i. 510.
m. ogre.
a, m. a ‘ship-beater,’ destroyer, an ogre, Fms. xi. 146: mythol. a giant, the father of Loki, Edda.
m. = fararbeini.
a, m. furthering one’s journey, Eg. 482, v. l.; better forbeini.
m., in the phrase, leita sér farborða, to take precautions (so as to get safe and sound out of a danger).
a, m. a ship’s board or bulwark above water when loaded, cp. Grág. ii. 399; hence the metaph. phrase, sjá (or leita) sér farborða, to take precautions, so as to get safe and sound out of a danger, Fms. vi. 430, vii. 142, v. l.
pp. prepared to sail, ready for departure.
part. ‘boun’ to sail (or depart), Hkr. iii. 193.
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m. equipment of a ship, 673. 61.
m. pl. removing days (four successive days in summer, at the end of May, old style).
m. pl. flitting days, four successive days in spring, at the end of May (old style), in which householders in Icel. changed their abode; this use is very old, cp. Glúm. ch. 26, Grág. Þ. Þ. ch. 56, Edda 103, Bs. i. 450, the Sagas and laws passim; hence fardaga-helgi, f. the Sunday in fardagar, Grág. ii. 12; fardaga-leiti and fardaga-skeið, n. the time of fardagar, Ísl. ii. 26.
m. sea-faring man.
m. a sea-faring man, Edda 107, Fms. ii. 23, Þorf. Karl. 402.
a. fugitive, exiled.
adj. fugitive, exiled, Hkr. i. 252: with gen., Fas. iii. 103.
a. eager for departing.
adj. eager for departing, Bs. ii. 35, 130.
f. eagerness to depart or travel.
f. eagerness to depart or travel, Fms. iii. 45, Fs. 46.
n. pl. luggage, baggage.
n. pl. luggage, Nj. 266: sing., Stj. 367.
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n. travelling gear, Eg. 727, Edda 110.
m. ferry-man.
m. a ferryman, Gþl. 415, Hbl. 52 (fé-hírðir MS.)
f. beggar-woman.
u, f. a beggar-woman, Sturl. ii. 108. farkonu-sótt, f., medic. erysipelas (?), Ann. 1240.
m. a vessel, a ship.
m. [Swed.-Norse farkost; Scot. farcost], a ferry-boat, a ship, Fms. vi. 219, Edda 48, Grág. ii. 130, Fb. i. 546, Ver. 8, Thom. 29.
a. unable to go further on a journey.
adj. lame and unable to go, Bs. i. 303.
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n., poët. the land of ships, the sea, Lex. Poët., cp. Og. 31.
f. passage-money.
u, f. passage-money, Gþl. 415.
f. journey, travels.
f. travels, journey, Bs. i. 450, 758. Fms. v. 273. Thom. 173.
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n. miscarriage, opp. to farsæld, Art. 4.
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adj. comfortable: farlig sæng, a soft bed, Vellekla.
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f. adj. light enough for travelling, of the night, Eg. 88, Fbr. 97 new Ed.
n. pl. nautical law.
n. pl. nautical law, Grág. ii. 399.
m. sea-faring man, seaman, travelling merchant.
m. a seaman, sea-faring man, Landn. 180, Bs. i. 66, Nj. 61, Eg. 154, Fms. i. 11, iv. 124, 174. Þorst. hv. 44, Grág. i. 190.
COMPDS: farmannabúðir, farmannalög.
a. weary from travelling.
adj. weary from travelling, Fms. ix. 233, v. 288.
m. plug (in a boat).
a, m. the water-peg in a ship’s bottom, in mod. usage negla, Edda (Gl.); cp. var-nagli.
n. provisions for a journey (í bagga hans var ~ hans).
n. viands. Eb. 196, Skálda 173.
n. strait, dillema; at þú komir aldri síðan í slíkt ~, in such a strait; þat hafði Þórði orðit til ~s, at, that mishap had befallen Thord, that.
n. shipwreck, in a metaph. sense; þat hafði Þórði orðit til farreks, at hestar hans báðir vóru í brottu, i. e. Th. was wrecked, in that he had lost both his ponies, Ísl. ii. 318; skulu vér frændr þínir veita þér styrk til þess at þú komir aldri síðan í slíkt f., in such a strait, Fms. iv. 270.
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m. travelling sark or jacket, a nickname, Landn.
n. ferry-boat.
n. a ferry-boat, Gþl. 416.
f. nautical art.
f. nautical art, Fb. iii. 385.
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n. the season for sea-faring, Ann.
f. refusing to ferry one over.
f. refusing to ferry one, Hbl. 59.
f. good speed, prosperity, happiness.
u, f., prop. good speed (in travelling); but only used metaph. good speed, prosperity, happiness, freq. in that use, esp. in eccl. sense, 623. 52. Stj. 327; f. þessa heims, Hom. 29, 76. Fms. i. 104, vi. 155, x. 276, 409.
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d, dep. to speed, have luck, Fs. 34.
f. = farsæla; friðr ok ~, peace and happiness.
f. = farsæla; friðr ok f., peace and happiness, Fms. xi. 438, Barl. 62: in pl., 655 xxxii. 9; ó-farsæld, misfortune.
a.
1) speeding well in voyages (svá ~, at hann kaus sér jafnan höfn);
2) prosperous.
adj. speeding well in voyages; svá f. at hann kaus sér jafnan höfn, Korm. 140; þat er mælt at þú sért maðr farsælli en aðrir menn flestir, Fb. iii. 385: farsælli en aðrir menn, Band. 5, Barl. 195: of a ship, farsælla en hvert annarra, Fs. 27 (obsolete).
2. metaph. prosperous, very freq., esp. in eccl. sense: ó-farsæll, unhappy.
a. prosperous, advantageous, useful (farsælligir hlútir).
adj. (-liga, adv.), prosperous. Fms. ii. 36, v. 37.
m. = farartálmi.
a, m. hinderance in one’s journey, Gþl. 417, Al. 61.
f. taking a passage in a ship.
u, f. taking a passage in a ship, Jb. 377, N. G. L. i. 58.
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m. a ferry-boat, Germ. fahrzeug (poët.), Edda (Gl.)
m.
1) track (manna ~);
2) channel, bed of a river;
3) road, journey (langr ~).
m. a track, Fms. v. 225, ix. 366, xi. 316; manna f., a track of men, Gþl. 538, Stj. 71: metaph., Sks. 565 B.
2. a ‘fair way,’ a channel, bed of a river, Landn. 65, Grág. ii. 281, Stj. 230, Fms. iv. 360 (freq.)
3. a road, journey; langr f., Fms. xi. 16, v. 225.
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m. [farvid, Ivar Aasen], faggots, Björn.
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(?), a happy voyage; uggir mik at ferð þín sé farleysi en eigi farvísi, Art. 4.
m. passenger.
a, m. [þiggja], a passenger, Finnb. 278, Ann. 1425, Ld. 86, 112, Bs. ii. 47, Fas. ii. 171.
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n. gait, bearing; Icel. say, vera hægr, stilltr í fasi, or fas-góðr, fas-prúðr, adj. of gentle gait and bearing; fas-mikill, adj. rushing: this word, though in freq. use at the present time, seems never to occur in old writers, unless it be in arga-fas, q. v.: the etymology is uncertain, perhaps from Engl. fashion, face; it seems at all events to be of foreign origin; at the time of Pal Vídalín it was in full use, cp. Skýr. 90.
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a, m. a nickname, Fms. x. 27.
I)
(að), v. to fast, abstain from food; f. þurt, to fast on dryfood.
II)
f.
1) fast, fasting;
2) season appointed for fasting (níu vikna f.).
1. að, to fast:
1. eccl., Hom. 71, 73, Ld. 200, K. Á. 160, Bs. passim, Fms. ii. 250, N. G. L. i. 141, 144.
2. secular; af fastanda manns munni, Sks. 450, Lækn. 471.
2. adv. = fastlega, Lex. Poët.
I)
(að), v. to fast, abstain from food; f. þurt, to fast on dryfood.
II)
f.
1) fast, fasting;
2) season appointed for fasting (níu vikna f.).
u, f. [Ulf. fastubni; O. H. G. fastá; Germ. faste; Swed. fasta; Dan. faste; a word introduced along with Christianity; the old Scandinavians could have no such word, as voluntary fasting was unknown in the heathen rites, and at the first introduction of Christianity the practice was sorely complained of, cp. Hkr. Hák. S. Góða, ch. 17]:—a fast, fasting, Hom. 73, K. Þ. K. 122, Rb. 82; the word therefore occurs first in poets of the beginning of the 11th century, e. g. Fms. vi. 86, cp. boð-f., lög-f., etc.
COMPDS: föstuafbrigð, föstubindandi, föstudagr, Föstudagsnótt, Föstukveld, föstumatr, Föstumorgin, Föstunátt, föstutíð, föstutími.
II. Lent, Fms. viii. 28, Ld. 320, N. G. L. i. 12; distinction is made between the Easter Lent, (sjö-vikna Fasta, seven weeks Lent, also called langa F., the long Fast, K. Þ. K. 122, Bs. i. 801, and passim; níu-vikna F., the nine weeks Lent, K. Þ. K. 122, Grág. i. 325), and Jóla-f., (the Yule Lent, the time from Advent to Yule, Grág. l. c., Rb. 46, K. Þ. K. 124.) Föstu-gangr or Föstu-ígangr and -inngangr, m. beginning of these seasons, esp. …
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f. real property, opp. to ‘lausafé’, ‘lauss eyrir’.
mod. fast-eign, f. landed property, Stj. 224, H. E. ii. 85, 223.
n., only in dat., (í) ~i, eagerly, constantly.
n., í fastafari, eagerly, Th. 76, Stj. 287, 291.
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n. the mainland (Germ. festes land), opp. to ey-land.
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(fastyndi), n. pl. surety, N. G. L. i. 449, H. E. i. 247.
m. poet. fire; fœra e-n í fasta, to bring one into a strait.
a, m., poët. fire, Lex. Poët., root uncertain: the phrase, færa e-n í fasta, to bring one into a strait, ‘between two fires,’ Þd.
(að), v.
1) to pledge, promise solemnly (f. e-m lögbót);
2) to betroth (~ði Mörðr Hrúti dóttur sína); f. sér konu, to engage a wife;
refl. ~st, to be betrothed.
að, to pledge; f. lögbót, K. Þ. K. 24.
β. esp. to betroth, to give the bride away at the betrothal, Grág. i. 302 sqq.; fastnaði Mörðr Rúti dóttur sína, Nj. 3, 51, Band. 3, Ísl. ii. 8, 163, 206, Ld. 22.
γ. reflex. to be betrothed, given awav. Fms. x. 284.
(-ar), m. betrothal.
m. betrothal, H. E. i. 246, 247; vide festar.
(pl. -endr), m. betrother.
part. a betrother, one who gives a bride away, Grág. i. 305.
a.
1) fast, firm, sticking fast to the spot; hrútr f. (held fast, entangled) á meðal viða; f. á velli, standing fast (in battle); standa f. fyrir, to stand fast (firm);
2) close, close-fisted; f. ok fégjarn, close and covetous; f. af e-u, sparing of (f. af drykk);
3) of a meeting: þá er sóknarþing er fast, during the session;
4) firm, faithful (fast heit, loforð, föst trú); fullr ok f., definitive, permanent (þessi grið skulu vera full ok föst);
5) strong, hard (f. bardagi); fast atkvæði, hard syllable (ending in a double consonant);
6) til fasta, fast, firmly; ráða, mæla, heita til fasta, to make a firm agreement.
1. adj. [wanting in Ulf., who renders βέβαιος etc. by tulgus; but common to all other Teut. idioms; A. S. fæst; Engl. fast; O. H. G. fasti; Germ. fest; Swed.-Dan. fast]:—fast, firm, esp. with the notion of sticking fast to the spot; hrútr f. (held fast, entangled) á meðal viða, 655 vii. 2; fastr á velli, standing fast, e. g. in a battle, Fms. xi. 246; vera, standa f. fyrir, to stand fast, Þorst. St. 53; f. á fótum, of a bondsman whose feet are bound fast to the soil, Grág. ii. 192, Nj. 27: grið-fastr, home-bound, of a servant: the phrase, e-t er fast fyrir, a thing is hard to win, difficult, Lv. 94, Fms. xi. 32, Ld. 154.
β. fast, close; f. í verkum, hard at work, Grág. i. 135 (Ed. 1853); þeir menn allir er í dómi sitja eðr í gögnum eru fastir, engaged, 488; fastr ok fégjarn, close and covetous, Fms. x. 420; f. af drykk, Sturl. iii. 125.
γ. of a meeting; þá er sóknar-þing er fast, i. e. during the session, Grág. i. 422: sam-fastr, fast together, continuous, 156; á-fastr, q. v.
δ. firm; …
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adv. = fastúðigr.
adj. = fastúðigr, Hkr. iii. 252.
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a, m. a cognom., Landn., prop. of a bear.
a. firm-eyed.
adj. firm-eyed, Sturl. ii. 133, Bs. i. 127.
m. fastness, stronghold; ~ er fyrir, there are great obstacles in the way.
m. a fastness, stronghold, Fas. i. 266.
a.
1) tenacious, saving;
2) steadfast, constant (~ á sinni fyrirætlan).
adj. fast-holding, tenacious, saving, Fms. x. 409.
β. as subst. a key, Edda (Gl.): a shackle, Fastaldr var á Fenri lagðr, Mkv.
a. true to one’s word.
adj. true to one’s word, Sturl. iii. 122.
f.
1) closeness, parsimony;
2) tenacity constancy.
f. tenacity, perseverance, Stj. 155, Fb. ii. 14.
a. close-fisted.
adj. close-fisted, Sks. 440.
adv. firmly, strongly; trúa ~, to believe firmly; e-t horfir ~, it looks hard, difficult; vera ~ kominn, to be set fast.
adv. firmly, strongly, Sks. 374.
β. metaph., Hom. 114, Fms. v. 217, Fas. i. 4; trúa f., to believe firmly, Fms. v. 242; bjóða f., Stj. 54: e-t horfir f., it looks hard, unyielding, difficult, Lv. 94; vera f. kominn, to be fast shut up, Eg. 519, Ld. 52.
a. fast, firm, strong.
adj. fast, firm, strong, Stj. 26, Sturl. iii. 140, Bs. i. 517.
a. firm, strong-minded.
adj. strong-minded, Finnb. 210.
a. trusty.
adj. trusty.
n. pl. fast engagement (binda e-t fastmælum).
n. a fast engagement, Fms. i. 206, iii. 85, vii. 164, Bjarn. 58.
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adj. hard-speaking.
a.
1) close-fisted;
2) firm, trusty (~ við vini sína).
adj. fast, firm, trusty, Dropl. 6, Valla L. 208, Fs. 13.
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part. stout, of stuff, Lex. Poët.
a. true to one’s word.
adj. true to one’s word, Fms. vi. 52, vii. 120.
pp. determined (~ í e-u); hafa e-t ráðit, to have made up one’s mind (about).
part. determined, Eg. 9. 19, Fms. ix. 252.
n. strong rule, tyranny.
n. a strong, fast rule, Ver. 54.
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part. n. resolved, Fms. ii. 265.
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adj. headstrong, stubborn, Fms. ii. 220, Glúm. 323.
a. staunch, firm of mind.
adj. staunch, firm, Fms. vii. 102, viii. 447, v. l.
a. steadfast as friend, = vinfastr.
adj. a fast friend, Þiðr. 20, = vinfastr.
I) n.
1) vat, vessel, pail (kona vildi bera vatn en hafði ekki f.); eitt fat (basket) með vínberjum;
2) luggage, baggage (bera föt sín á skip, bera föt á land);
3) article of clothing, garment, pl. (föt), clothes, dress (hann hafði föt sín í fangi sér, en sjálfr var hann naktr).
II) from feta.
n., pl. föt, [as to the root, cp. Germ. fassen = to compass, which word is unknown to Icel.; A. S. fæt; Old Engl. fat, mod. vat; O. H. G. faz; Germ. fass; Dan. fad; Swed. fat]
1. a vat; kona vildi bera vatn, en hafði ekki fatið, Bs. ii. 24: eitt fat (basket) með vínberjum, G. H. M. iii. 98; vín ok hunang í fötum fullum, N. G. L. iii. 122.
β. luggage, baggage; bera föt sín á skip, Jb. 406; bera föt á land, Eg. 393; elti Hákon á land ok tók hvert fat þeirra, Fms. vii. 215; hafa hvert fat á skipi, vi. 37, Grág. ii. 59; fyrr en hann fari á brot ór vist með föt sín frá bóanda, i. 300.
2. in pl. clothes, dress; hann hafði föt sín í fangi sér, en sjálfr var hann naktr, Lv. 60, Bs. ii. 47, Hrafn. 23: metaph., falla ór fötum, to be stripped, forgotten, 655 xxxi. 1.
COMPDS: fatabúningr, fatabúr, fatagörvi, fatahestr, fatahirzla, fatahrúga, fatakista, fatstöturr.
I)
f. pail, bucket.
II)
(að), v. to step, = feta.
1. u, f. a pail, bucket, Fb. i. 258, Bs. ii. 24, N. G. L. i. 30, Stj. 394; vatns-fata, a pail of water, freq. in western Icel.; in the east of Icel. usually skjóla, q. v. fötu-barmr, m. the rim of a pail, etc.
2. að, to clothe (mod.): to step = feta, Bs. i. 291.
m. apparel.
m. apparel, 656 C. 24.
n. wardrobe.
n. [Swed. fata-bur; Dan. fade-bur], wardrobe, Stj. 205, Grett. 160, 44 new Ed., Bs. i. 840.
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n. luggage, gear, Eg. 727.
m. pack-horse.
m. a pack-horse, Flór. 77.
f. wardrobe.
u, f. wardrobe, Grág.
f. heap of clothes.
u, f. a heap of clothes, Landn. 179, Grett. 176 new Ed.
f. clolhes-chest.
u, f. a clothes-chest, Rd. 314, Sturl. i. 10.
pp. impeded; fjötri ~, fettered.
part. impeded; fjötri fatlaðr, fettered, Bkv. 16: in mod. usage, impeded as to the limbs, e. g. lame.
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a, m., bera hönd í fatla, to have one’s arm tied up, vide fetill.
f. a burden fastened with straps (cf. fetill).
f. [fetill], a burden fastened with straps, N. G. L. i. 380.
(gen. -ar), m. clothing.
m. clothing, Fms. x. 379, 655 x. 2.
n. impediment, delay.
n. impediment, delay, Mork. 109; cp. fjöturr.
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að, dep. to be entangled and puzzled, Mork. 106.
m. tatters.
m. tatters, Bs. i. 506.
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adj. bowed backward; standa fattr, opp. to lútr.
β. slender, of the fingers; fatta hafði hann fingr og smá, Snót 202; fingr fattir ok at öllu vel vaxnir, Þiðr. 6, v. l., freq. in mod. usage; cp. fetta.
a. with upturned snout.
part. with upturned snout, of the hippopotamus, Stj. 78.
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u, f. a vat, Dipl. v. 18.
a.
1) without clothes, = klæðlauss;
2) without luggage.
adj. without luggage, Fas. iii. 537.
β. without clothes, Karl. 534.
a. dressy, finely dressed.
adj. dressy, Hom. 97, 656 C. 24.
f. dressiness.
f. dressiness, Greg. 24.
(-s, -ar), m. a rotten dry log (fúinn ~, forn ~).
m. (fouski, a, m., Hom. 152), a rotten dry log, esp. dug out of the earth; fausk ok fúka, Barl. 206; f. ok stofna, Grág. ii. 297, Jb. 239, Bs. ii. 183, Barl. 134; fauska-gröptr, m. digging dry logs out of the earth for fuel, Landn. 303.
II. metaph. of an old man, ertú náliga f. einn, Róm. 195; sem fúinn f., Karl. 361. Hom. l. c.; karl-fauskr, an old man.
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a, m. a headstrong man, hence fauta-legr, adj. frantic, headstrong; fauta-skapr, m. frenzy.
n. mane; poet., vallar fax, the field’s mane, wood.
n. [A. S. feax], a mane, Edda 7, Sks. 100, El. 29: poët., vallar-fax, the field’s mane, the wood, Alm. 29.
pp. maned, having a mane.
part. = fextr, matted, Al. 168.
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a, m., freq. name of a horse, cp. Sturl. iii. 155; Skin-faxi, Hrím-faxi, Edda; Frey-faxi, Hrafn.; Gló-faxi, etc.
I)
(fæ; fekk, fengum; fenginn), v.
1) to grasp with the hands, get hold of;
hón hefir fengit einn stein, she has taken a stone;
2) to take, capture (fengu þeir Gunnar);
3) to get, gain, win;
sá fær er frjár, he that woos wins;
fá fljóðs ást to win a woman’s love;
hann bað konunnar ok fekk heitit hennar, he asked the woman in marriage and got the promise of her hand;
fá sitt eyrindi, to accomplish one’s errand;
fá haærra hlut, to get the better of it;
fá góðar viðtökur, to get a good reception;
fá skilning á e-u, to get knowledge of;
4) to suffer endure;
fá úsigr, to be defeated;
fá skaða, to suffer harm;
fá úvit, to fall senseless, to faint;
fá líflát, to fall lifeless;
fá bana, to come by one’s death;
5) to get, procure;
hann fekk sér gott kvánfang, he got a good wife;
6) to give, deliver to one, put into one’s hands;
fá mér (give me) leppa tvá ór hári þinu;
fáit nú konungi festu (give the king bail) þá er honum líki;
fá e-m sök, to charge one;
var sá sveinn fenginn í hendr okkr, delivered into our hands;
fá e-m e-t at geyma, to give a thing into one’s charge (= fá e-m e-t til geymslu); …
1. pret. sing. fékk, sometimes spelt feck or fieck, pl. fengu; pres. fæ, 2nd pers. fær, mod. færð, pl. fám, mod. fáum; pret. subj. fengja, mod. fengi; pres. fá, mod. fái; imperat. fá; sup. fengit; part. fenginn: the forms fingit, finginn, and pret. fingu (cp. Germ. fingen) are obsolete, but occur in some MSS. (e. g. Arna-Magn. 132 and 122 A): the poets rhyme—Erlingr var þar finginn; with the neg. suff., fær-at, fékk-at, Lex. Poët.: [Goth. fahan and gafahan = πιάζειν, καταλαμβάνειν; A. S. fón; Hel. fâhan; Germ. fahen, whence fahig = capax; in the Germ., however, the nasal form fangen prevailed, but in the Scandin., Swed., and Dan. få or faae; the Dan. fange is mod. and borrowed from Germ.; Icel. fanga is rare and unclass. and only used in the sense to capture, whereas fá is a standing word; the ng reappears in pl. pret. and part. pass. fengu, fengit, vide above; cp. Old Engl. fet, mod. fetch]:—to fetch, get, etc.
1. to fetch, catch, seize; fengu þeir Gunnar, they fetched, caught G., Akv. 18; …
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adj. to be gotten.
(að), v.
1) to adorn, embellish (gjörð fáguð með brögðum);
2) to polish, clean = fægja (hún ~r ok þvær fœtr þeirra allra);
3) to take care (charge) of, to tend (~ farsælulausa, sjúka);
4) to cultivate (~ rangan átrúnáð);
~ jörðina, to till the earth;
5) to worship (~ heiðin goð).
að, to polish, clean; f. saltkatla, Fas. ii. 499, Eg. 520 (vide eik); f. hest, to curry a horse, Sks. 374; öll fáguð (painted) með brögðum, Fms. v. 345.
2. metaph. to cultivate; fága jörðina, to till the earth, 549 B; f. akr, Mar. 188: of arts, science, sem hann fágaði þá iðn lengr, Lv. 115.
β. to worship; f. heiðin guð, Stj. 576; f. heiðin sið, Lex. Poët.; f. helga menn, H. E. i. 243.
f. worship (~ guða).
f., Lat. cultus, worship, Stj. 577, Fms. v. 163, Barl. 138.
(pl. -endr), m. cultivator, worshipper (víngarðs ~, fágari skurðgoða).
part. a tiller; víngarðs f., Greg. 48.
m. cultivator, worshipper (víngarðs fágandi, ~ skurðgoða).
a, m. a tiller, cultivator, Magn. 474.
a. neatly polished.
adj. neatly polished, Róm. 302.
m. image, figure.
a, m. a painted figure, vide mann-fái.
a. polished, stained.
and fánn, [faaen = pale, Ivar Aasen], pale, white; fánn hrosti, the pale brewing, of the good ale of the giant Egir, Stor. 18; fán (MS. fanz) fleski, light-coloured hams, bacon, Rm. 29.
(-s, -ar), m. horse (poet.).
m. [Dan. fag]. a horse ‘uno testiculo,’ a jade, in prose, Sturl. i. 40; it occurs in Kormak, and is often used in poetry of any horse.
m. = fákr.
m. = fákr, Karl.
(að), v. to demand for purchase (f. e-t af c-m or at e-m; f. til e-s).
u, f. a giantess, Edda (Gl.): a romping lass, Fas. iii. 521; cp. flagð, flenna, skass, skersa, all of them names of giantesses, but also used of hoydenish women.
n. purchase of falcons.
n. buying falcons, Bs. i. 738.
f. catching of falcons.
f. catching falcons, Bs. i. 720, 737. This foreign word came into use as a trade term, and only occurs in the 13th century. The white falcon (‘falco Islandicus’) was during the Middle Ages much sought for, and sometimes the king or bishops claimed the exclusive right of exporting these birds: they were sent to England even as late as A. D. 1602, and sought for by English noblemen of that time; cp. the anecdote told in Feðga-æfi 10.
m. falcon.
a, m. [from Lat. falco], a falcon, Jb., Árna S., Hák. S. (Fms. x).
COMPDS: fálkakaup, fálkaveiðr.
(að), v.
1) to fumble, grope about (~ höndum, saxi);
~ til e-s, to try to get hold of one (Hrappr vildi ~ til mín);
2) flinch (~ af hræzlu).
að, [Dan. famle; Swed. famla], to fumble, grope about, as in blindman’s-buff: Hrappr vildi f. til mín, Ld. 98; hann fálmaði til Egils (of the blind giant), Fas. iii. 385; fálma höndum, to fumble with the hands, Fms. iii. 125; or with a weapon, þá f. jötuninn til agn-saxinu, Edda 36.
2. metaph. to flinch; láta geð f., to flinch or falter (Eyvind); f. ok skjálfa, Niðrst. 107; f. af hræðslu, 5; flýja eðr f., Fms. vii. 260, 297, vide Lex. Poët.
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a, m. [Ulf. fana; A. S. fana; Hel. and O. H. G. fano; Germ. fahne; Lat. pannus]:—a standard, gunn-fáni, Hbl. 40, etc.; else it is rare and hardly used in old prose; even in old poetry vé is the usual word:—metaph. a buoyant, high-flying person is now called fáni; so, fána-ligr, adj. buoyant; fána-skapr, m. buoyancy in mind or temper; the sense given under ‘metaph.’ belongs no doubt to a different word, borrowed in the 15th century from the Engl. fawn; thus fánast uppá e-n = Engl. to fawn upon.
I)
(fá, fátt; compar. færi or færri, superl. fæstr), a.
1) few;
með fá liði við fá menn, with few men;
fáir (= fáir menn), few;
fáir einir, only a few;
í fám orðum, in few, words;
the sing. often instead of pl., esp. in old sayings (~ er fagr, ef grætr; ~ bregðr hinu betra, ef hann veit hit verra);
neut. fátt, few things (fátt veit sá er sefr);
var eigi boðit færa en hundraði, no fewer than a hundred were invited;
fátt af þeirra mönnum, only a few of their men;
with gen., fátt manna, few men;
fátt góðs, but little good: þeir ugðu fátt at sér, they feared little for their own safety;
with numerals, fátt í, less than, short of, save;
vetri fátt í fjóra tigu, forty years all but one, thirty-nine years;
lítit fátt í fimm tigi vetra, little short of fifty years;
hálfum eyri fátt í átta merkr, eight marks less half an ounce;
sex menn it fæsta, six men at least;
2) cold, reserved, in low spirits = fálátr; var þá Gunnarr við hana leng ~, was cold to her for a long time;
neut. fátt, coolness: var fátt um með þeim brœðrum the brothers were on indifferent terms; …
1. f. [Dan. faar], a sheep, D. N. ii. 312, Boldt 165; vide fær.
2. n. [A. S. fær; Hel. fâr = dolus; Germ. fahr = treason, gefahr = danger; Engl. fear = terror; cp. also Germ. furcht:—but in the old Scandin. languages the word does not rightly mean either fear or danger; the mod. Dan. fare and Swed. fara are borrowed from Germ.]
1. evil passion, bale, harm, mischief; fár ok fjandskapr, Gísl. 125; eigi standa orð þín af litlu fári, baleful words, Fas. i. 195; lesa fár um e-n, to speak foul calumnies of one, Hm. 23; af fári, from evil passion, Og. 12. Hm. 151; er þú felldir mér fár af höndum, that thou brakest my spell, Og. 10; flytjandi fárs, bringing mischief, Am. 4; ef ek vissa þat fár fyrir, if I could foresee that bale, Skv. 2. 7; halda kvið til fárs e-m, to withhold the verdict to the injury of the other party, Grág. i. 58; verða e-m at fári, to be one’s bale, Korm. 12 (in a verse); full skal signa ok við fári sjá, i. e. make a sign over the cup to prevent harm in it, Sdm. …
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að, dep., in the phrase, f. um e-ð. to make a fuss about a thing.
f. wicked woman.
u, f. a hag, violent woman, Gísl. 52.
m. wicked man.
m. an abusive man, Þorst. Síðu H. 175.
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f. dangerous illness.
m. wrath, grudge.
m. wrath, Am. 86.
m. disaster; liga. adv.
1) wrathfully;
2) abominably.
m. disaster, Greg. 40, where it is opp. to friðr.
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adv. wrathfully, Fms. xi. 94, Bs. i. 813, Pass. 4. 13.
a. harmful, disastrous.
adj. disastrous, Fms. xi. 433, Fas. i. 394.
a. terribly strong.
adj. awfully strong, Fs. 7.
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adj. wroth, fierce.
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m. fierceness, Nj. 54.
f. pestilence.
f. pestilence, Bs. i. 325, N. G. L. i. 29.
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n. the plague summer, Ann.
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adj. very ill.
m. severe pain.
m. a severe pain, Bs. i. 339.
n. baleful weather, tempest.
n. a hurricane, tempest, Bjarn. 34, Gullþ. 6, Gísl. 106.
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n. pl. foul language, Nj. 50, 185.
I) n.
1) vat, vessel, pail (kona vildi bera vatn en hafði ekki f.); eitt fat (basket) með vínberjum;
2) luggage, baggage (bera föt sín á skip, bera föt á land);
3) article of clothing, garment, pl. (föt), clothes, dress (hann hafði föt sín í fangi sér, en sjálfr var hann naktr).
II) from feta.
n. fumbling; göra e-t í fáti, to fumble about a thing; fát kemr á e-n, to be confounded; mæðisk nú brátt, svá at hann leggsk til fáta, vesall karl, so that he is quite confounded. Mar. 1056. fáta, að, to fumble.
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n. poor folk, Stj. 652, Fms. v. 95.
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n. land of affliction, Stj. 212, Gen. xli. 52.
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n. poor people, Bs. i. 332.
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m. a poor man, 655 xxxii. 24.
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m. poverty, Skálda 211.
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a, m. an idiot.
pp. thinly peopled.
part. few, i. e. thinly, peopled, Glúm. 359.
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n. pl. monstrosities, portents, 623. 39, Fms. v. 206: með fádæmum, ofdirfð ok níðingskap, vii. 18; vera með fádæmum, to be portentous, viii. 52, v. l., Sturl. iii. 274; heyrit f., shame! Háv. 45: joined to an adj. or adv., fá-dæma-, portentous; f. mikill, f. stór, f. vel, etc., Þiðr. 187, Krók. 49.
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adj. (-liga, adv.), portentous, Fms. iii. 167.
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adj., chiefly in pl. only a few, Eg. 573, Sturl. iii. 3; vide einn.
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adj. (-liga, adv.), vain, empty.
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adj. empty, Luke i. 53.
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adj. ‘few-knowing,’ ignorant, Fms. viii. 447, Barl. 13, 17.
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f. want of knowledge, Fms. vi. 265, Gþl. 266, Bs. i. 137, 280.
pp. of little glee, sad.
part. sad, of little glee, Hkr. i. 167 (in a verse).
a. scarce, rare, uncommon.
adj. ‘few to get,’ rare, Nj. 209, Fms. i. 99, vi. 142.
pp. unusual.
part. unheard, Finnb. 248, Sks. 74, Fms. v. 224, 264, xi. 247.
a. unusual.
adj. (-liga, adv.), unheard, Fms. viii. 279. v. l., Barl. 65, Mar. 234.
a. few in family (var þár fáhjúat).
part. few in family, Fas. iii. 209.
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adj. of little use, valueless, Vm. 9, Pm. 55.
a. sad, in low spirits.
adj. sad, gloomy. Fas. i. 50.
pp. having few clothes only thinly clad.
part. thinly clad, Grett. 141.
f. ignorance.
f. ignorance, Fms. iv. 318: as part. ignorant.
f. ignorance.
u, f. id., Fr.
a. ignorant.
adj. ‘few-knowing,’ ignorant, Barl. 62, Jb. 4.
a. unusual, rare.
adj. unusual, rare, Bs. i. 348, 355.
n. shocking accident.
n. a shocking accident, Gísl. 34.
a. silent, reserved.
adj. silent, cold, Fs. 23, Nj. 177, Fms. i. 19, ix. 246.
m. coldness, melancholy (taka fáleika ok úgfleði).
m. coldness, melancholy, Nj. 14, Fms. vi. 147, vii. 103.
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(fáliða, fáliðaðr, Fb. ii. 285), adj. with few followers, Sturl. ii. 5 C, Ld. 242, Fms. iv. 370, ix. 43, xi. 358, Bs. i. 763.
adv. coldly (fell með þeim heldr~).
adv. coldly, Fms. i. 237, iii. 79, vii. 113, Bs. ii. 27.
a. cold, reserved.
adj. cold, reserved, Fms. iii. 116, iv. 301, v. 306.
n. steadfastness, faithfulness.
n. coldness, reserved manners, Bjarn. 50.
a. steadfast, faithful, opp. to fjöllyndr.
adj. cold, reserved, Fms. iv. 109, v. 240; eigi fályndr, i. e. gay, merry, Lv. 75.
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n. = fáleikr, melancholy.
a. chary of words, reticent.
adi. ‘few-speaking,’ silent, Fms. i. 155, iv. 76, xi. 78; hljótt ok fámálugt, Bjarn. 54.
n. few people.
n. few men, a little host, Nj. 93, Fms. x. 407.
a. having few followers (fara fámennt).
older form fá-meðr, mod. fá-menntr, adj. having few men, few followers, Fas. i. 25, Fs. 71, Nj. 95, Fms. vii. 250: compar., fámennari, iii. 18; fámeðri, Hkr. ii. 22.
β. neut., fámennt, thinly peopled, solitary; f. og danfligt, Lv. 22: cp. the Icel. phrase, hér er fámennt og góðmennt, here are few but good people.
a. = fámáligr.
part. few-speaking, Ó. H. 94, Fms. x. 39: melancholy, vii. 162.
pp. seldom mentioned.
part. seldom named, having a strange name, Fbr. 93.
a. of little use.
(fá-neytr), adj. worn, of little use or value, Vm. 98, B. K. 83, Pm. 18, 19, 22, Sks. 244.
a. sparing of words.
adj. of few words, Sturl. iii. 80.
a. perplexed, helpless.
adj. little-prudent, helpless, Fms. ii. 96.
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adj. ‘few-talking,’ silent, Fms. ii. 144, iv. 218, Fas. iii. 654.
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part. n. little spoken of, Bjarn. 34, Fms. ii. 154.
a. seldom seen, rare.
(fá-séðr), part. seldom seen, costly, Ld. 84, Fms. x. 260, xi. 428.
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u, f., Lat. amentia, want of reason, melancholy, (mod.)
n. loneliness, isolation.
n. loneliness, isolation, Nj. 185, Fb. i. 543.
a. little meddling, quiet.
adj. little meddling, quiet, Ld. 94, Finnb. 336, Fas. iii. 529.
adv. in few places.
adv. in few places, Fms. vii. 70.
pp.
1) = fáorðr;
2) having few vowel-sounds.
part. ‘few-speaking,’ silent, Fms. ii. 76, ix. 52, Sks. 474: gramm., sem þessi er tungan fátalaðri, as this language has fewer vowels, Skálda 161.
n. pl. rare occurrence.
n. pl. rare, strange tidings, Bs. i. 148.
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adj. rare, strange, Hom. 114. fá-tíðliga, adv., Bs. ii. 110.
a. uncommon, rare.
adj. id., Fms. v. 211, Hom. 108, Fas. i. 183.
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m. [Dan. fattigdom], poverty, Stj. 212, Mar.
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n. [taka], want, poverty, Stj. passim, Al. 61; ganga á f., to go a-begging, Jb. 174, 655 xxxii.
COMPDS: fátækisfólk, fátækisland, fátækislið, fátækismaðr.
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adv. poorly, Stj. 423, Fms. i. 70.
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adj. poorly, Fms. i. 69, v. 194.
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m. a poor person, a pauper.
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adj. [Swed.-Dan. fattig], poor, Nj. 196, Fs. 84, Fms. i. 33, 197, Edda 81, Bs. i. 81, 104, 110, 139, 840, 850 (passim), Sl. 70, K. Þ. K. (passim): fátækr is the standing Icel. word, answering to Lat. pauper.
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f. poverty, Barl. 8, Stj. 212, 421; old writers prefer fátæki, which is now obsolete, but in mod. usage fátækt is a standing word; snauðr, q. v., is only used in a peculiar sense; fátækt (from fár and taka) properly means ‘few-taking,’ having little between the hands, hence poverty, want; it occurs in many compds.
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part. n. having few friends, Fms. iii. 144.
a. unwise, foolish, silly.
adj. ‘few-wise,’ little-wise, Stj. 558, v. l. fá-vizkr, adj. id., id.
f. unwisdom, folly.
u, f. folly, Fms. i. 104, vi. 211, Fb. i. 379.
a. foolish.
adj. little-wise, Ld. 268, Fms. viii. 31 (v. l., = barbarous).
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u, f. coldness.
m. pl. father and son (or sons);
við ~, we, father and son;
vin þeirra Sturlu feðga, a friend of Sturla and his father.
m. pl. [faðir], father and son (or sons), Eg. 18; Kveldúlfr ok þeir feðgar, Kveldulf himself and his son, 84; við feðgar, we, father and son, Nj. 8, Stj. 190; þeim feðgum, Fms. vii. 65, Fbr. 22; vin þeirra Sturlu feðga, a friend of Sturla and his father, Sturl. ii. 111; lang-feðgar, q. v., lineage of agnates.
n.
1) father or mother (hvárttveggja ~it);
2) pl. parents; várra fyrstu ~a, of our first parents; f. eða ná-frændr, parents or near kinsfolk; hjá ~um sínum ok forellrismönnum, by his parents and forefathers.
n. pl. parents, (in Icel. the neut. is the collective gender for male and female); in old writers only in this sense, but about the time of the Reformation it was replaced by foreldrar, Germ. vorältern, which word in old writers means forefathers, whereas feðgin is the word for parents only; várra fyrstu feðgina, of our first parents (Adam and Eve), Stj. 39; feðgin vár, Lil. 18; hans feðginum, Stj. 127; einberni sinna feðgina, Mar.; börn ok þeirra feðgin, K. Á. 146; frænda eðr feðgina, Barl. 122; feðginum eða ná-frændum, parents or near kinsfolk, Fms. ii. 227; feðgrina barnsins, N. G. L. i. 392; hjá feðginum sínum ok forellris-mönnum, by his parents and forefathers, Stj. 190; sing., hvárttveggja feðginit, 97: this sense still remains in guð-feðgin, q. v., god-parents; and it has slipped into two passages of the Icel. N. T., viz. þetta sögðu hans feðgin, John ix. 22; fyrir því sögðu hans feðgin, 23; (for in all the other passages foreldrar or foreldri is used.)
II. mod. father and daughter, cp. mæðgin, mother and son; systkin, brother and sister, all of them neut.
(að), v. to span or encompass with the arms.
d, [faðmr], to span or encompass with the arms, Fas. ii. 149.
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að, to father.
a. glad, joyful; verða f. to rejoice; fegnari en frá megi segja, happy beyond description; with dat., Ingi konungr varð honum hinn fegnasti, king Ingi was delighted with his coming; illu f. ver þú aldrigi, never rejoice in mischief; taka við e-m fegins hendi, to receive one joyfully, with heart and hand; finnast á fegins degi, to meet on the day of joy, at the resurrection.
adj. [fagna; A. S. fægen; Engl. fain; Hel. fagin], glad, joyful; verða feginn, to rejoice, Eg. 567; fegnari en frá megi segja, exceeding happy, Th. 9: with dat. to rejoice in a thing, Bs. i. 133; verða eyrindi feginn, to enjoy one’s errand, bring it to a happy end, Ísl. ii. 340; urðu menn þeim fegnir, people were fain to see them again, Nj. 47; ok er fegit orðit hjarta mitt tilkvámu þinni, 175; Ingi konungr varð honum hinn fegnasti, i. e. king Inge was fain at his coming, Fms. vii. 247; íllu feginn ver þú aldregi, never rejoice in mischief, Hm. 129; glaðr ertú nú Sigurðr, ok gagni feginn, rejoiced at thy victory, Fm. 25: with subj., feginn létsk þó Hjalli at hann fjör þægi, H. would fain save his life, Am. 59 (rare).
β. freq. with infin. or absol. and almost adverb, as in Engl., e. g. eg vil feginn gera það, I will fain do that; það vil eg feginn, or eg varð feginn að sleppa, I was fain to escape.
II. the phrases, á fegins-degi, on the day of joy, the day of resurrection, re-meeting, Fms. viii. 98, Sl. 82; taka fegins-hendi við e-u, to receive with glad hand, with heart and hand, Fms. …
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m. a morning of joy, Fms. vii. 86 (in a verse).
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m. tears of joy, Pass. 31. 17.
m. joyfulness.
m. joyfulness, Lv. 54, Fms. x. 231, Bs. ii. 172.
f. joyfull news.
u, f. joyful news, 623. 40, Hkr. i. 73, Bs. i. 134.
adv. joyfully.
adv. joyfully, Eg. 149, 169, Bs. i. 76, Fms. iii. 228, iv. 207.
a. joyful.
adj. joyful, Greg. 27.
(að or -ða), v. to embellish, beautify; kanna siðu inanna ok f. to improve, better; ekki þarf þat orðum at f. there is no use trying to extenuate it; f. um e-t, to mend, polish up.
að and ð, fegrðe, Ó. T. 1, and fegrir (pres.), Skálda 180, Eluc. 4, Hom. 149, Mork. (in a verse), cp. Fms. vi. 336: but fegraði, Fms. x. 320; fegrað (sup.), Bs. ii. 165, and in mod. usage always so, [fagr]:—to adorn, beautify, make fair; at kanna siðu manna ok fegra, to improve, better, Bs. i. 521; ekki þarf þat orðum at fegra, nothing is gained by extenuating it, Nj. 175; fegra um e-t, to mend, polish, Bs. i. 60.
f. beauty (f. sólarinnar).
mod. fegurð, f. beauty, fairness, of a woman; fegrð hennar, Fms. vi. 71, Stj. 548; fegrð sólarinnar, 26; fegrð Baldrs, Edda 15; fegrð ok prýði (pomp), Fms. vii. 157: in pl., 677. 10, Sks. 228; freq. in mod. use. fegrðar-lauss, adj. (-leysi, n.), void of beauty, Stj. 16.
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m. a cock (poët.), Edda (Gl.)
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m. an adorner, Lex. Poët.
f. approach, foreboding, or sign of death (þú sátt þegar í dag ~ina á honum).
f. [A. S. fægð], ‘feyness,’ approach or foreboding of death: in proverbs, koma mun til mín feigðin hvar sem ek em staddr, Nj. 103; ferr hverr er feigðin kallar, Fas. i. 420; ætla ek þetta munu vera fyrir feigð yðvarri, a foreboding that you are ‘fey,’ Fms. v. 66; því at hón feigð fíra fjöl-margra sá, Gs. 20; þú sátt þegar í dag feigðina á honum, thou sawest the ‘fey-tokens’ on him to-day, Fms. xi. 154; þær (the Valkyrjur) kjósa feigð á menn ok ráða sigri, Edda 22: cp. the phrase, feigð kallar að e-m, the ‘feigð’ (death) calls upon him, one behaves as a ‘fey’ man. feigðar-orð, n. or feigðar-yrðr, f. the death-weird, Ýt. 1.
a. fated to die, fey; ekki má feigum forða, there is no saving, or rescuing, a ‘fey’ man; standa, ganga feigum fótum to tread on the verge of ruin; mæla feigum munni, to talk wilh a ‘fey’ mouth; vilja e-n feigan, to wish one’s death; dead (fyllist fjörvi ~a manna).
adj., [this interesting word still remains in the Dutch a veeg man and in the Scot. fey; cp. A. S. fæge, early Germ. veige; in mod. Germ. feig, but in an altered sense, viz. coward, craven, whence mod. Dan. feig]:—in popular language a man is said to be ‘fey’ when he acts in an unusual or strange manner, as when a miser suddenly becomes open-handed, Icel. say, eg held hann sé feigr, I hold that he is ‘fey;’ cp. feigð; or when a man acts as if blinded or spell-bound as to what is to come, and cannot see what all other people see, as is noticed by Scott in a note to the Pirate, ch. 5; again, the Scottish notion of wild spirits as foreboding death is almost strange to the Icel., but seems to occur now and then in old poetry, viz. mad, frantic, evil; svá ferr hann sem f. maðr, he fares, goes on like a ‘fey’ (mad) man, Fagrsk. 47 (in a verse); alfeig augu = the eyes as of a ‘fey’ man, Eg. (in a verse); feigr (mad, frantic) and framliðinn (dead) are opposed, Skm. 12; feikna fæðir, hygg ek at feig sér, breeder of evil, I ween thou art ‘fey,’ Skv. 3. 31, and perhaps in Vsp. 33, where the words feigir menn evidently mean evil men, inmates of hell; …
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a.
1) looking `feylike’;
2) boding death.
adj. looking ‘feylike,’ Al. 30.
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feikn (feikr, Lil. 9), adj. awful, monstrous, Hdl. 39.
I)
a. awful, terrible.
II)
f. portent, terrible things.
f. [A. S. fæcen], portent, Skv. 3. 31, Landn. 153 (in a verse); in compds feikna- denotes portentous, immense.
COMPDS: feiknalið, feiknamikill, feiknaveðr.
n. terrible host.
n. an immense host, Hkv. i. 32.
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adj. immense.
n. fearful weather, tempest.
n. a hurricane, Fas. ii. 117.
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adj. terrible, Nj. 185, v. l.
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m. pl. [A. S. fácen-stafas], banes, evils, Gm. 12, Fas. i. (in a verse): baleful runes, Sl. 60.
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að, [early Germ. feilen, mod. fehlen, usually derived from Lat. fallere], to falter, be shy; Sinfjötli lét sér ekki feilask, Fas, (Völs. S.) i. 133; mod., feila sér, id. This word hardly occurs before the 14th century; cp. however fól, fælinn, fæla, which are all of Teut. origin.
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adj. faltering, shy, vide ú-feilinn.
f. bashful girl.
u, f. [prob. of Gaelic origin, fjamh = fear, Armstrong], poët. a bashful girl, a young lass, in Edda 108, Gl., Rm. 22, Fms. xi. (in a verse of the year 994).
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adj. bashful, and feimni, f. shyness, bashfulness.
(-tta, -ttr), v. to fatten.
tt, to fatten, K. Þ. K. 130, Hm. 82, Hom. 72, Greg. 44.
f. fatness.
f. fatness, Stj. 106, 309.
f. fattening.
f. fattening, Eb. 316.
a. fat.
adj. [Lat. pinguis; Gr. πίων; A. S. fætt; Engl. fat; Hel. feit; early High Germ. feiss; mod. but Low Germ. form fett; Dan. feed; Swed. fet]:—fat, Nj. 52, Eg. 137, Fbr. 19, Lv. 18, Fms. i. 36, v. 93, x. 303, Stj. 42; vide fita.
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part. disposed to grow fat.
m. fatness feiti.
m. fatness, ubertas, Stj. 167.
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n. fat meat, butter, etc.
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n. = feitmeti; feit-ætr, adj. liking fat.
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fy, fy! Jón Þorl. i. 350.
f. the folded skirt of a cloak (?).
f. [fill or fela = a maw, Ivar Aasen], the rough inside of an animal’s maw.
β. metaph. a ragged coat: hann lagði í felina (acc. sing. with the article), he pierced the rags of the cloak, Lv. 85.
(fel; fal, fálum; fólginn), v.
1) to hide, conceal (fálu þeir gullit í Rín; þær austr ok vestr enda fálu);
fel sverð þitt, sheathe thy sword;
yrkja fólgit, to use obscure phrases (in poetry);
impers., fal þá sýn (acc.) milli þeirra, they lost sight of one another;
2) ~ e-m e-t, to make over, to give in trust or charge to one;
hann fal Óðni allan þann val, he gave all the slain to Odin;
mey frumunga fal hann (entrusted to) megi Gjúka;
~ e-m e-t á hendi, to commit a thing to one’s charge, to commend;
fálu sik ok sálir sínar guði almáttkum á hendi, they commended themselves and their souls to God Almighty;
~ e-t undir eið sinn (þegnskap sinn), to vouch upon one’s oath (upon one’s honour);
~ e-t undir e-m, to put under one’s charge;
er und einum mér öll um fólgin hodd Niflunga, the whole hoard of the Niflungs is in my hands alone;
man hér öll vár vinátta undir ~st, all our friendship will depend upon this;
~ e-n á brott, to put one out for alimentation;
~ e-n inni = ~ e-n á brott;
sá bóandi, er hann felr sik inni, the man with whom he boards and lodges;
~ búfé inni at e-m, to put out (cattle, sheep) to one to keep; …
pret. fal, 2nd pers. falt, pl. fálu; pres. fel; pret. subj. fæli; part. fólginn: in mod. usage, pret. faldi, part. falinn, and sup. falið, with weak declension, if in the sense to hide; but fól, pl. fólu, part. fólginn, if in the sense to commend; thus, undir trjánum sig faldi, Pass. 33. 6; einn fyrir engum faldist, 33. 7; but, þá Frelsarinn í Föðurs hönd fól nú blessaðr sína önd, 45. 1; fól and falinn, however, never occur in old MSS.:—[Ulf. filhan = κρύπτειν, θάπτειν; Hel. bi-felhan; O. H. G. felahan; Germ. be-fehlen and emp-fehlen; Lat. se-pēlio contains the same root, properly meaning to hide, shut up: cp. Engl. bury, which really means to hide.]
I. to hide, conceal; allt veit ek Óðin, hvar þú auga falt, Vsp. 22; þú falt fé þitt í svá mikilli þoku, Band. 12; hrís-kjarrit þat er Vaði risi fal sverðit, Þiðr. 69, Gm. 37; fálu þeir gullit í Rín, Edda 76; tóku likit ok fálu þar, Ó. H. 225 (fólu, Hkr. ii. 380, wrongly); ek mun fela yðr her í gamma mínum, Fms. i. 9: barnit var fólgit, Fs. 60, Gullþ. 26; fel sverð þitt, sheathe thy sword, Fms. xi. 348; felðu (= fel þú) sverð þitt í umgörð, 656 C. …
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I)
(-ar, -ir), m. cloak.
II)
pp. fitted;
vera vel (illa) ~ til e-s, to be well (ill) fitted for a thing; neut., þér er ekki felt at, it is not for thee to.
m., gen. feldar, pl. feldir, a cloak worn by the ancients, esp. one lined with fur; hvítr-f., a white cloak, Fbr. 145 sqq.; rauð-f., a red cloak, Landn. (a nickname); grá-f., a grey cloak, Hkr. i. 176; skinn-f., a skin cloak, Orkn. 326 (in a verse); bjarn-f., q. v., a bear-skin cloak; röggvar-f., a woollen cloak, Grett. 114; varar-f., a common cloak; loð-f., a shaggy cloak, a fur cloak, = loði; blá-f., a blue cloak, N. G. L. i. 74; feldr fimm alna í skaut, a cloak measuring five ells square, Korm. 86; a feld four ells long and two ells broad, Grág. i. 500, was in trade the usual size, but here the ell is a ‘thumb ell,’ measuring only about sixteen inches; stutt-f., a short cloak, Fms. vii. 152 (a nickname); feldr, kápa, and skikkja seem to be synonymous, cp. Ls. ch. 14, 15, Glúm. ch. 3, 8, Grett. ch. 23, Lv. ch. 17. Tac. Germ. ch. 17—‘tegumen omnibus sagum, fibulâ, aut, si desit, spinâ consertum;’ the cloaks were often made of (or lined with) costly furs, Glúm. ch. 6; breiða feld á höfuð sér, to wrap the head in a cloak, Nj. 164, Kristni S. ch. 11, Fms. vi. 43 (Sighvat), as a token of deep thinking: …
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u, f. = feldr, Ld. 274, v. l.; vide fellikápa.
a. shabby, rough (verja feljótt sem laki).
adj. [filled, Ivar Aasen], shabby; f. sem laki, rough as a sheep’s maw, Fbr. 156.
I) n. ‘fell’, (isolated) hill, mountain. Cf. fjall.
II) from falla.
n. [cp. Lat. pellis, A. S. fell, etc.], skin; occurs only in such compds as bók-fell. bjarn-fell; cp. ber-fjall and fjallaðr.
I) n. ‘fell’, (isolated) hill, mountain. Cf. fjall.
II) from falla.
n. a fell, wild hill, Hrafn. 4, Ísl. ii. 76, passim: freq. in local names; Helga-fell, Mos-fell, Mið-fell, Meðal-fell, Þórólfs-fell, and Fell alone, vide Landn. In Icel. fell is a single hill, and in pl. a range of hills; fjall (= Lat. mons) is a general name.
I)
(-da, -dr), v.
1) to fell, make fall; ~ víð, to fell timber; ~ segl, to take down sails;
2) to kill, slay (in battle); ~ e-n frá landi, to slay or dethrone (a king); ~ fénað sinn, to lose one’s sheep or cattle from cold or hunger;
3) to cause to cease, abolish (~ blót ok blótdrykkjur); ~ rœðu sína, to close one’s speech; ~ niðr, to put an end to, abandon, give up (~ niðr þann átrúnað);
4) ~ heitstrenging á sik, to bring down on one’s head the curse of a broken vow;
5) to tongue and groove, to fit; ~ stokk á horn, to put a board on the horns of a savage bull;
6) fig., ~ ást (hug) til e-s, to turn one’s mind (love) towards one, to fall in love with; ~ bœn at e-m, to address prayer to one, to beg of one; ~ sik við e-t, to fit oneself to a thing: ~ sik mjök við umrœðuna, to take a warm parl in the debate.
II)
f.
1) framework, a framed board;
2) mouse-trap.
u, f. [Engl. falling], framework, a framed board, Fas. i. 393.
I)
(-da, -dr), v.
1) to fell, make fall; ~ víð, to fell timber; ~ segl, to take down sails;
2) to kill, slay (in battle); ~ e-n frá landi, to slay or dethrone (a king); ~ fénað sinn, to lose one’s sheep or cattle from cold or hunger;
3) to cause to cease, abolish (~ blót ok blótdrykkjur); ~ rœðu sína, to close one’s speech; ~ niðr, to put an end to, abandon, give up (~ niðr þann átrúnað);
4) ~ heitstrenging á sik, to bring down on one’s head the curse of a broken vow;
5) to tongue and groove, to fit; ~ stokk á horn, to put a board on the horns of a savage bull;
6) fig., ~ ást (hug) til e-s, to turn one’s mind (love) towards one, to fall in love with; ~ bœn at e-m, to address prayer to one, to beg of one; ~ sik við e-t, to fit oneself to a thing: ~ sik mjök við umrœðuna, to take a warm parl in the debate.
II)
f.
1) framework, a framed board;
2) mouse-trap.
d, a weak causal verb, answering to the strong neuter form falla; [absent in Goth.; A. S. fellan; Engl. fell; Germ. fällen; O. H. G. fallian; Swed. fälla; Dan. fælde.]
A. [Answering to falla A], to fell, make fall; fella við, to fell timber, Fms. ii. 84; fella mann, to fell a man, defined in the law, Grág. Vsl. ch. 3, cp. ch. 31; fella tár, to let tears fall, Sighvat; fella mel-dropa, to let the drops fall, Vþm. 14; fella segl, to take down sails, Bárð. 14; fella jörð undir e-m, to make the earth slip under one (by means of sorcery), Bs. i. 12; fella vatn í fornan farveg, to make the stream flow in its old bed, Grág. ii. 281.
2. to fell or slay, in battle, Eg. 80, 296, 495; Bróðir felldi Brján, Nj. 275; fella e-n frá landi, to slay or dethrone a king; hann hafði fellt hinn helga Ólaf konung frá landi, Orkn. 82; var felldr frá landi Haraldr Gráfeldr, H. Graycloak was slain, Fær. 38; síðan felldu þeir frá landi Hákon bróður minn, Fms. viii. 241, v. l.; fella her, val, etc., to make havoc, slaughter, (val-fall, strages), Lex. …
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f.
1) felling, knocking down;
2) joining, framing.
f.
I. a felling, knocking down, Grág. ii. 133.
II. a joining, framing, Skálda 192, Fas. i. 229.
β. the folds of a garment.
m. death, esp. of cattle.
m. death, esp. of cattle, Ann. 1377, 1380; vide mann-fellir.
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in compds:
I. a falling off; felli-sótt, f. sudden illness, Fær. 190; felli-vetr, m. a hard winter when the cattle die, Sturl. i. 127, Ld. 120.
II. a joining, framing; felli-hurð, f. a wainscotted door, Art. (Fr.); felli-kápa, u, f. a plaid, Ld. 274; felli-stokkr, m. a kind of plane Pm. 13, 112, 124; felli-súð, f. a kind of frame or wainscot, opp. to skar-súð.
n. wrought iron.
n. wrought iron, Grág. i. 501.
(-mta, -mtr), v. to be in a state of fright and alarm (fari menn stilliliga ok felmti eigi);
felmtr, frightened (fara f.);
e-m verðr felmt við, one gets frightened.
t, mod. felmtra, að,—en hjartað mitt á flótta fer | felmtrað í brjósti lyptir sér, Snót 128. [fálma]:—Lat. trepidare, to be in a state of fright and alarm; fari menn stilliliga ok felmti eigi, Fms. vii. 262; sá maðr felmti mjök, Bret. 90; felmtandi maðr, a man who has lost his head, Sks. 383.
m. sudden fear, fright (slær felmt á e-n).
part. frightened; fara f., Njarð. 370: cp. the phrase, e-m verðr felmt, to be terrified, panic-stricken, Nj. 105, Fms. viii. 189, v. l.
m. sudden fear, fright (slær felmt á e-n).
m. [fálma], alarm, fear; f. eða flótti, Fms. i. 45, viii. 226. felms-fullr (or felmts-fullr), adj. alarmed, frightened, Fms. i. 217, Orkn. 16, Grett. 124.
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f. pl. a lurking-place; hlaupa í felur, to run and hide oneself.
(gen. pl. fenja), n. bog, quagmire (mýrar ok ~).
n., gen. pl. fenja, dat. fenjum, [Ulf. fani = πηλός; A. S. fenn; Engl. fen; O. H. G. fenna; Dutch venn; a word common to all Teut. idioms]:—a fen, quagmire, Symb. 26 (of the Pontine marshes); mýrar ok fen, Hkr. iii. 227; fen eðr forað, Gþl. 383; kelda eðr fen, Ld. 204; fórsk þeim seint um fenin, the bogs, Fms. vii. 69; djúpt fen ok breitt fullt af vatni, a deep pool and broad, full of water, vi. 406, vii. 70, Orkn. 444, Eg. 577, 582, 767, Nj. 21, Eb. 326, Þorst. Síðu H. 186.
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a, m. [Byzant. φεγγάρι], the moon, an απ. λεγ., Edda (Gl.)
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adj. (fengi-liga, adv.), promising. a good haul, Bs. ii. 133.
(gen. fengjar), m.
1) haul, take;
2) gain, booty (verðr lítit til fengjar);
3) store, supply.
m., gen. jar, pl. ir, (fengi, n., Fms. vii. 213, xi. 83, Hom. 130), [fá, fanga], a haul, take, of fish, K. Á. 90: gain, booty, Fær. 70, Fms. v. 287, Hkr. ii. 73: a store, supply, Ísl. ii. 138.
a. of little value.
adj. of little value, Sturl. ii. 182, 238, Fms. vi. 367.
a. making large provision.
adj. making large provision, Nj. 18, Bs. i. 652.
f. being fengsamr.
f. being fengsamr, Bs. ii. 88.
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adj. making a good haul, Sturl. i. 77.
a. boggy (cf. fen).
adj. fenny, boggy, Fms. x. 261.
(-ta, -t), v. to cover with snow; impers., fennti fé, the sheep were snowed up.
t, to be covered with snow (fönn); fennt yfir ofan, Bs. i. 196: impers., fennti fé (acc.), the sheep perished in the snow, Ann. 1380.
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m. the monster wolf of heathen mythology, Edda, Vþm., Ls.
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a, m. a kind of fish, Edda (Gl.)
f.
1) journey (gera ~ sína heiman); vera í ~ með e-m, to travel with one;
2) conduct, behaviour (kurteiss í ~).
f. (farðir, pl. exploits, Haustl.), travel, journey, Fms. i. 3, iv. 3, Nj. 7, Ísl. ii. 126, Ann. 1242, Sturl. iii. 38, Ld. 96, Dipl. v. 18; ekki verða allar ferðir til fjár (a saying); um-f., a round, circuit; vel-f., welfare.
COMPDS: ferðabók, ferðahugr, ferðalag, ferðamaðr, ferðarbroddr, ferðarleyfi, ferðarmót.
II. á-ferð, the texture of cloth.
m. van (= fararbroddr).
m. the van, Fms. viii. 400, Fas. ii. 178, Ld. 96.
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n. leave to travel, Stj. 406.
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n. a meeting, Hkr. ii. 194: ferð is very freq. in compds, whereas för (q. v.) is more obsolete.
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að, dep. to travel, 655 xxxii. 20, Sturl. i. 24, Fms. ii. 136, Ísl. ii. 359.
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f. a book of travels, Dipl. v. 18.
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það er kominn á mig ferðahugr, of the restless feeling of one about to start on a journey.
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n. travelling, Þórð. 64.
m. traveller.
m. a traveller, Stj. 400. Sturl. i. 89.
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part. (ferðar-búinn, Fms. vii. 3, Boll. 356, Finnb. 248), boun, i. e. ready, for a journey, Þórð. 69, Boll. 356.
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adj. weary from travelling, Bárð. 181.
a. ready (eigi var hann f. at fara þessa ferð).
adj. [borrowed from Germ. fertig], well-doing; vin sæl ok vel ferðug, Bs. i. 264: fit, belgir með ferðugum skinnum, Vm. 177.
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n., botan. veronica, Hjalt.
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m. [farg], poët. an oppressor, enemy, Lex. Poët.
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ð, [farg], to press, lay under pressure: so also fergja, u, f. a pile or heap; fann-fergja, heaps of snow.
(dat. ferli), m.
1) track, trace;
2) vera á ferli, to be on the move, out of bed;
3) traveller (veg~, Róm~).
m., dat. ferli, a track, trace, Eg. 579, Gþl. 448; kross-f., Pass. 11. 3; lífs-f., the course of life; blóð-f., q. v.
β. the phrase, vera á ferli, to be on one’s legs, rise, be out of bed, Nj. 55, Grett. 145 (Ed. felli); vera snemma á ferli, to rise early.
II. of persons, a traveller, esp. in pl. and in the compds, Róm-ferlar, pilgrims to Rome; veg-ferill, q. v., a way-farer.
I)
(að, old form farða, farðr), v. to ferry over a river or strait.
II)
f. ferry-boat, large boat.
1. u, f. a ferry, Bs. i. 355, D. I. i. 319, 320, Ld. 56, 324.
COMPDS: ferjuár, ferjubúi, ferjuhald, ferjukarl, ferjuland, ferjumaðr, ferjumáldagi, ferjuskattr, ferjuskip, ferjusmíði, ferjustaðr, ferjustútr, ferjutollr.
2. old form farði, Fms. vi. (in a verse), Vellekla; pl. förðu, Grág. i. 274; part. farðr, K. Þ. K. 24, Blas. 5, Grág. ii. 267; acc. förðan, i. 273 (Kb., Ed. Arna-Magn. færðan wrongly); pres. ferr, Grág. i. 272; imperat. fer, Hbl. 3; mod. pret. ferjaði, Fms. v. 182, K. Á. 12: [Engl. ferry, cp. Germ. färge]:—to transport, carry by sea, and esp. to ferry over a river or strait; ferja e-n af landi, to carry one abroad, Grág. i. 145; eigi skal þá ferja yfir vötn eðr reiða, K. Þ. K. 82; ferja e-n aptr, to carry one back, 24: as a law phrase, ú-ferjandi, outlawed, Germ. vogelfrei, Grág., Nj. passim.
f. ferryman’s oar.
f. a ferryman’s oar, Sturl. ii. 70.
m. one who lives near a ferry.
a, m. one who lives near a ferry, Grág. ii. 267.
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n. charge of a ferry, Grág. ii. 266.
m. ferryman, boatman.
n. a ferry carle, ferryman, Sæm. 62.
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n. land belonging to a ferry, D. I. i. 319.
m. = ferjukarl.
m. a ferryman, Vm. 16: the inmate of a ferry-house, Sd. 226.
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a, m. a ferry contract, D. I. i. 320.
m. ferry toll.
m. a ferry-toll, Þiðr.
n. = ferja.
n. a ferry-boat, Bs. i. 354.
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n. building a ferry, Þórð. 62.
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m. a ferry place, Vm. 15.
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m. the post to which a ferry-boat is fastened, Fbr.
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m. a ferry-toll, Þiðr.
m. monstrosity.
m. abnormity, monstrosity, Barl.
(-da, -dr), v. to load, lade (~ skip af e-u).
d, [farmr], to load, Ld. 32, 86, Sturl. iii. 33.
II. [Lat. firmare is from a different root], eccl. to confirm, K. Á. 148, N. G. L. i. 350.
f. confirmation.
f. confirmation, K. Á. 20.
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m. a ribbon worn at confirmation, N. G. L. i. 16.
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adj. distrib. esp. in pl. = Lat. quaterni, in sets of four, Fb. i. 521, Nj. 150, K. Þ. K. 86, Grág. i. 4; vide einn.
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compar. = firri, farther off, Kormak.
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adj. [O. H. G. frisc; Germ. fersch; Engl. fresh], fresh, of food, meat, fish, fruit, etc.; ferskr fiskr, N. G. L. iii. 193; fersk grös, fresh herbs, Bs. i. 258; fersk lykt, a fresh smell, Clar. 85; ferskar gjafir, Stj. 109: scarcely used in a metaph. sense as in Engl.
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in compds, in fours: fer-elingr, m. four ells long, of a fish, Finnb. 220. fer-falda, að, to make fourfold, Stj. 148. fer-faldr, adj. fourfold, Rb. 334, El. 13, Fas. ii. 215, 343, Sturl. iii. 206, 656 A. 33. fer-fætingr, m. a quadruped, 656 C. 8. fer-fættr, adj. four-footed, Stj. 56, Sks. 628, Fas. iii. 272, N. G. L. i. 82; fjór-f., id., Sks. 628 B. fer-hyrndr, part. four-cornered, square, Stj. 57, 171, 205, Al. 109. fer-hyrningr, n. a square. fer-menningr, m. a fourth cousin, vide fjór-menningr. fer-nættingr, m. a period of four nights, K. Á. 182. fer-skepta, u, f. a stuff with fourfold warp, Vm. 52, 93, 115, Am. 50, 90, Jm. 9. fer-skeyta, tt, to square, 415. 18. fer-skeyttr, part. ‘four-sheeted,’ square, Edda, 623. 24: mathem., ferskeytt tala, a square number, Alg. 366; ferskeytt vísa, a quatrain, like the common ballad metre, as in the ditty—yrkja kvæði ólán bjó | eptir flestra sögu | en gaman er að geta þó | gert ferskeytta bögu. …
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adj. four days old, Post. 640 (John xi, 17).
adv. monstrously.
adv. monstrously, Lv. 78, Rd. 273, Karl. 476, Stj. 3, Bs. i. 349. The syllable fer- in this and the four following words denotes anything monstrous, and seems akin to firn and firin, q. v.
a. monstrous, hideous.
adj. [cp. Scot. ferlie], monstrous, Fms. iv. 175, vii. 156, 162, Nj. 185, Orkn. 218, Bs. i. 802, Fas. i. 194: metaph. monstrous, Orkn. 164, Ld. 86, Hom. 115, Fms. v. 150.
n. monstrous shape, monster.
n., prop. a monstrous shape: medic. an abnormity, monster, Fas. iii. 654, Bs. ii. 33.
n. = ferlíkan.
n. = ferlíkan, Fas. i. 244, Al. 95, Greg. 52, Barl. 87, Karl. 157.
I)
(-sta, -str), v.
1) to make fast, fasten (~ skip, bát, hval);
2) to hang up (= ~ upp);
~ á gálga, to hang on the gallows;
~ út til þerris, to hang out for drying;
~ e-t við e-t, to fasten to a thing;
3) in various fig. phrases,
~ trúnað á e-t, to believe in;
~ hug við e-t, to fix the mind upon;
~ yndi, to feel happy (in a place);
~ e-t í minni, to fix in the memory;
also absol., ~ kvæði, to learn a poem by heart;
4) to settle, stipulate;
~ sátt mál, to make a settled agreement;
~ járn, to pledge oneself to the ordeal of red-hot iron;
5) to betroth (~ e-m dóttur sína);
6) impers. to cleave, stick fast (spjótit festi í skildinum);
eld festir, the fire catches, takes hold;
bein (acc.) festir, the bone unites (after a fracture);
7) refl., ~st, to grow to, stick fast to (nafnit festist við hann);
bardagi festist, the battle closes up fast.
II)
f. bail, pledge (svardagi ok ~).
u, f. a bail, pledge; svardagi ok f., Nj. 164, 240, Fms. iv. 268, 285, ix. 432, Eg. 227, Js. 40.
COMPD: festumaðr.
I)
(-sta, -str), v.
1) to make fast, fasten (~ skip, bát, hval);
2) to hang up (= ~ upp);
~ á gálga, to hang on the gallows;
~ út til þerris, to hang out for drying;
~ e-t við e-t, to fasten to a thing;
3) in various fig. phrases,
~ trúnað á e-t, to believe in;
~ hug við e-t, to fix the mind upon;
~ yndi, to feel happy (in a place);
~ e-t í minni, to fix in the memory;
also absol., ~ kvæði, to learn a poem by heart;
4) to settle, stipulate;
~ sátt mál, to make a settled agreement;
~ járn, to pledge oneself to the ordeal of red-hot iron;
5) to betroth (~ e-m dóttur sína);
6) impers. to cleave, stick fast (spjótit festi í skildinum);
eld festir, the fire catches, takes hold;
bein (acc.) festir, the bone unites (after a fracture);
7) refl., ~st, to grow to, stick fast to (nafnit festist við hann);
bardagi festist, the battle closes up fast.
II)
f. bail, pledge (svardagi ok ~).
t, [fastr], to fasten; lím er festir allart vegginn, Rb. 390.
2. to fasten with a cord, to fasten a thing afloat; festa skip, to make a ship fast, moor it, Eg. 161, Fms. vii. 314; þeir festu sik aptr við lyptingina, they made the ship fast, ii. 327; festa hval, Grág. ii. 337; festa við, of drift-timber, id.
β. to hang up; festa út til þerris, to hang out for drying, Ld. 290; ef maðr festir upp vápn sitt þar er sjálft fellr ofan, Grág. ii. 65; festa á gálga, to hang on the gallows, Am. 55, Hðm. 22, Fms. i. 89; festa upp, to hang up, Nj. 9, Fær. 188, Fms. vi. 273, ix. 410; festa í stagl, to make fast to the rack, 656 C. 38; cp. stagl-festa, 623. 51.
II. metaph. in many phrases; festa trúnað, to fix one’s faith on, to believe in, Eg. 59, Fms. i. 100; festa yndi, to feel happy in a place, 135; festa hug við e-t, to fix the mind upon a thing, hence hug-fastr; festa bygð, stað, to fix one’s abode (stað-fastr, steadfast); festa ráð, to make one’s mind up, iv. 149; festa e-t í minni, to fix in the memory, Edda (pref.), Fms. iv. 116, hence minnis-fast; …
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f. loop or eye at the end of a rope (festr).
n. the loop or eye at the end of a rope, Grett. 141, Fas. ii. 369.
n. dowry.
n. a dowry, Fms. x. 284, Stj. 468. 1 Sam. xviii. 25.
m. chain-dog.
(and -hundr), m. nickname of a sailor, Ld.
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f. id., D. N.
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n. a bridal ring, D. N. (does not occur in old writers).
n. holding the rope.
n. holding the rope, Grett. 96, 141.
m. peg, for a rope.
m. a fastening pin, put in the eye of the rope to secure it, Edda 20, Grág. i. 150, Grett. 141.
f. betrothed woman.
u, f. a betrothed woman, = Germ. braut, viz. from the betrothal to the wedding, Ísl. ii. 217. Fms. ii. 9, Grág. i. 355.
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adj. without a festr, Vm. 29, 56.
m. betrothed inan.
m. a betrothed man, Grág. i. 355, Gþl. 212.
n. pl. betrothal, affiance.
n. pl. betrothal, affiance, Lv. 33, Fms. vi. 395, x. 393.
f. = festarkona.
(mod. festar-mey), f. a betrothed maid, = festarkona, Fms. iv. 164, v. 33, Þórð. 67, Fas. i. 412.
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n. = festarmál, Mar.
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m. the stump of a rope, a rope’s end, Grág. ii. 361.
m. a witness at a betrothal.
m. a witness at betrothals, Grág. i. 335.
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m. watcher of the moorings, Jb. 407: a chain, gull-f., silfr-f.; ketil-f., a kettle-chain, whereon to hang the kettle in cooking, = hadda.
n. betrothal-ale.
n. betrothal-ale, Fas. iii. 62.
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and festar-vætti, n. a witness or evidence to a betrothal, Grág. i. 313, 330.
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m. the section in the Icelandic law treating of betrothal, Grág. l. c.
f.
1) fixing, fastening;
2) firmament.
f. a fixing, fastening, Gþl. 462; festingar-hvalr, m. a whale driven ashore and secured, Jb. 320.
2. the firmament, Stj. 12, Fas. iii. 664; festingar-himin, m. id., Rb. 78, 110, Fas. l. c., 655 xvii.
3. = festar, betrothals (rare), K. Á. 112, Jb. 131, Gþl. 236; festingar-fé, n. = festarfé, Stj. 468; festingar-stefna, u, f. a betrothal-meeting, N. G. L. i. 382; festingar-váttr, m. = festarváttr, Jb. 162 A.
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n. a cord, string, Sks. 627 B.
adv. firmly, violently.
adv. firmly, Eg. 711, Bs. Laur. S.
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adj. (-liga, adv.), festive (Lat. word), Bs. i. 791, Stj. 51.
(gen. festar, dat. and acc. festi; pl. festar), f.
1) rope, cord, cable (for mooring a ship to the shore);
2) pl. betrothals (festar fara fram).
(mod. festi), f., dat. and acc. festi, gen. festar, pl. festar
I. prop. that by which a thing is fastened, a rope, cord, Grett. ch. 68, 69, vide Guðm. S. ch. 54, Bs. ii. 111, Fms. ix. 3, 219, Eg. 324, Sks. 419, Ísl. ii. 49:—the cable to moor a ship to the shore, Eg. 195, Jb. 314, 319, Grág. ii. 354; cp. skut-festar, land-f., stafn-f., bjarg-f.:—a trap (rare), Hrafn. 27.
COMPDS: festarauga, festargarmr, festarhald, festarhæll, festarlauss, festarstúfr, festarvörðr.
II. metaph. and as a law phrase, bail; festar-penningr, m. a pledge, bail, Fms. x. 199, Stj. Gen. xxxviii. 17, Fas. iii. 548.
III. esp. in pl. festar, betrothals; respecting this matter see the first eight chapters of the Festa-þáttr, in Grág. i. 305–319, and the Sagas passim, Ld. ch. 9, 23, 34, 43, 68, Nj. ch. 9, 13, 33, Gunnl. S. ch. 4, Band. 3, Lv. ch. 12, Hænsa Þ. ch. 11, Harð. S. ch. 3, Sturl. passim; festar fara fram, the betrothal is performed, Fb. ii. 196, Ld. 92, 186; sitja í festum is said of a bride between betrothal and wedding, Nj. 4.
COMPDS: festarfé, festargjöf, festargull, festarkona, festarmaðr, festarmál, festarmær, festarorð, festarváttr, festaröl, festaváttorð, Festaþáttr. …
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m. bail, surety.
m. a bail, surety, Fms. vii. 39.
n.
1) pace, step; ganga (stíga) feti framarr, to go a step forward; fara fullum fetum, to go at full pace; fetum (dat.) as adv. at a pace;
2) as a measure, foot.
n. [Swed. fjät = a track; it answers to Lat. pĕd-is, fótr to Gr. ποδ-ός]:—a pace, step; ganga, stíga, feti framar, to go a step forward, Lv. 59, Skm. 40; ekki fet, not a step; hann gékk fram þrjú fet, Karl. 438; ganga níu fet, Vsp. 56; ok bar níu fet, Fms. i. 129; Jón gékk fet frá kirkjunni, ok féll þá niðr, Sturl. ii. 119; ganga, fara fullum fetum, to go at full pace, Fms. iv. 299, also used metaph. to proceed in one’s own course; með linlegum fetum, with slow steps, Sks. 629; fetum (dat.) as adv. at a pace, Akv. 13.
2. as a measure, a foot, and so in mod. usage, three palm breadths make a ‘fet,’ Hb. 732. 5; a wall five ‘fet’ thick, Grág. ii. 262; ‘fet’ is called a subdivision of ‘passus,’ Rb. 482; a tombstone fourteen ‘fet’ long, Hkr. i. 122; it may, however, mean a pace in Korm. 86, K. Þ. K. 98, and Karl. 396.
(fet, fat, —), v.
1) to step, find one’s way (f. leið, heim);
2) poet. with infin., hve ek yrkja fat, how I managed to make my poem.
in old writers strong, pret. fat, pl. fátu; in mod. usage weak, fetaði, and so in paper MSS., Fas. iii. 492; fötuðu, Bs. i. 291, is undoubtedly an error for fátu:
I. to step, with the notion to find one’s way, of one walking in a fog or darkness,
α. act. with acc.; feta braut, Eb. 208 (in a verse); feta leið (acc.), Grág. ii. 44; feta veg sinn, Bs. l. c.; menn fátu trautt leið sína í sumum stöðum, Ann. 1300, cp. Bs. i. 804.
β. absol., feta burt ór völundar húsi, to find the way out of a labyrinth, Lil. 91; en svá fjarri ferr at ek feta (subj.) þangat, Fas. ii. 284; blindr ok fat eigi til dyranna, Orkn. 192; var ok svá at hann fat af því heim, Grett. 46 new Ed.; fátu þeir eigi heim, Fb. i. 97; ætlaði at hann mundi feta til síðarr, Landn. 146; ok fátu hvergi, and could not find the way, Fas. iii. 401.
II. as an auxiliary verb with an infin.; hve ek yrkja fat, how I did make my poem, Höfuðl. 19; hve ek þylja fat, how I did speak, 3; faztú at árna, thou didst earn, Sighvat; ek fet smíða, I do (can) work, Fms. vi. 170; hann fat gerða, he did gird, Fagrsk. …
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m. blade of an axe.
1. a, m. a stepper, pacer, in compds, há-feti, létt-feti, mál-feti, a high-stepper, light-stepper, etc., poët. names of a race-horse.
2. a, m. [fete, Ivar Aasen], the blade of an axe, Nj. 27, 209.
2. a strand in the thread of the warp.
(dat. fetli; pl. fetlar), m. strap (of a shield or sword).
m., dat. fetli, pl. fetlar; an older dat. form fatli (cp. katli) seems to be left in the phrase, bera hönd í fatla (qs. fatli), to carry the arm in a sling: [Germ. fessel]:—the strap by which a bag is hung on the shoulder, N. G. L. i. 349: the strap or belt of a shield or sword (skjaldar-fetill, sverds-f., Gr. τελαμών), umgörð ok fetlar, Fas. i. 414, El. 22, 33, Edda 123, N. G. L. ii. 422; hence the sword is in poetry called fetil-stingi, a, m. a ‘belt-pin,’ etc. fetla-byrðr, f. a burthen carried by straps, N. G. L. i. 143.
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tt, [fattr], to bend back; fetta fingr, to bend the fingers back; fetta fingr úti e-t, to criticise (unfairly); vide fingr.
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adj. slender, = fattr.
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f. pl. mimics, in the phrase, fettur og brettur.
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n. a measured step, pace.
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ð, in mod. usage inserting g, feygja, [cp. fúinn], to let decay, go to ruin; hann feyr (mod. feygir) hús niðr fyrir óræktar sakir, he lets the house decay, Gþl. 332.
(-ta, -t), v.
1) to blow, toss (f. e-u);
2) to rush (hann feykir inn í húsit).
t, [fjúka], to blow, drive away, with dat., Ps. i. 4, Rd. 272: absol., Fas. ii. 238: metaph., feykja at e-m, to rush at one, Al. 40; hann feykir (rushes) inn í húsit sem kólfi skyti, Fms. vii. 342.
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u, f. mites in cheese, etc.; feyrðr, part. mity.
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adj. [fauskr], rotten, esp. of timber.
(gen. fjár), n.
1) cattle, esp. sheep;
þeir ráku ~it (the sheep) upp á geilarnar;
gæta fjár, to herd or tend sheep;
ganganda ~, live stock, opp. to ‘dautt ~’, or ‘liggjanda ~,’ valuables, money;
2) property, money (hvárt sem ~ þat er land eðr annat ~);
fyrirgøra ~ ok fjörvi, to forfeit property and life;
~ er fjörvi firr, life is dearer than money;
~ veldr frænda rógi, money makes foes of kinsmen;
afla sér fjár ok frægðar (frama), to gain wealth and fame;
hér er ~ þat (the money), er Gunnarr greiddi;
þiggit þat, herra, ~ er í því, there is value in it;
pl. ~ (dat. fjám), property, means.
n., irreg. gen. fjár, dat. fé; pl. gen. fjá, dat. fjám; with the article, féit, féinu, féin, mod. féð, fénu, fén: [Lat. pecu; Goth. faihu; A. S. feoh; Engl. fee; Hel. fehu; O. H. G. fehu; Germ. vieh; Dan. fæ; Swed. få]
I. cattle, in Icel. chiefly sheep; fé né menn, Grett. 101; fjölda fjár, Ld. 210; gæta fjár, to mind sheep, 232; en ef þeir brenna húsin þó at fé manna sé inni, Grág. ii. 164; þeir ráku féit (the sheep) upp á geilarnar, Ni. 119; kvik-fé, live-stock, q. v.: ganganda fé, id., opp. to dautt fé, dead property, Grág. passim.
COMPDS: fjárbeit, fjárborg, fjárbreiða, fjárdauði, fjárfellir, fjárfóðr, fjárfæði, fjárfæling, fjárganga, fjárgeymsla, fjárgæzla, fjárhagi, fjárheimtur, fjárhirðir, fjárknappr, fjárhundr, fjárhús, fjárkaup, fjárkláði, fjárnyt, fjárpest, fjárrekstr, fjárréttr, fjársauðr.
II. property, money; hvárt sem fé þat er land eðr annat fé, Grág. ii. 237: the allit. phrase, fé ok fjörvi, Sl. 1; hafa fyrir gört fé ok fjörvi, to forfeit property and life, Nj. 191: the proverbs, fé er fjörvi firr, life is dearer than money, 124; …
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a. friendly, kind (e-m, við e-n).
adj. ‘fellowlike,’ kind, H. E. i. 470.
(gen. -skapar), m.
1) fellowship, partnership;
2) companionship, friendship; gørðist þar brátt ~ góðr, they soon became intimate friends; binda saman lag sitt ok félagskap, to enter into close alliance.
m. fellowship, partnership. Eg. 1.
β. metaph. fellowship, friendship, Eg. 27; görðisk þar brátt f. góðr, they soon became intimate friends, Fms. iv. 127; binda saman lag sitt ok félagskap, to bind their fellowship together, enter into close alliance, 295; var þeirra f. at öllu merkilegr, Fs. 15; görðisk með þeim öllum enn mesti f., 29; þykki mér þú hafa lýst í því við mik mikinn félagskap, Boll. 346.
II. association, mod. in many compds.
(að), v. impers., e-m fénar, one gains (~ði þér nú).
að, to gain, profit; heldr fénar nú, Fms. vi. 349; fénaði þér nú, i. 167: reflex., Fas. iii. 4.
(gen. -ar), m. sheep, cattle.
m. pl. ir, [answers to Lat. pecunia as fé to pecus], sheep, cattle, Nj. 119, Fms. ii. 92, xi. 33, Bárð. 170, Eg. 219, Ísl. ii. 155, Gþl. 119; menn ok f., man and beast, Grág. ii. 164, Fms. i. 266.
n. fellowship, partnership;
eiga ~ saman, to be partners; eiga (hafa) ~ við e-n, hafa ~ e-s, to be in partnership wilh one: leggja til ~ við e-n, to enter into partnership with one; leggja til ~s, to contribute to a common land; skipta. til ~s, to share in a partnership.
n. [this word and the following are of Scandin. origin, and found neither in early A. S. nor South-Teut. dialects; the Germans use genosse and genossenschaft; the E. Engl. felaw (mod. fellow) is a northern word]
I. prop. a laying one’s fee together, i. e. fellowship, partnership, Grág. i. 330, ii. 72, 73 (passim); eiga félag saman, Fbr. 102; nú leggja menn félag sitt saman, ok verja ór einum sjóð, Jb. 406; skipta til félags, to share in partnership, Sks. 32; eiga félag við e-n, to be in partnership with one, Eg. 76; leggja félag við e-n, to enter into partnership with one, Fms. iv. 124; hafa félag við e-n, id., 296: Hallr fór milli landa, ok hafði félag Ólafs ens Helga konungs, Hall traded in divers countries, and was in partnership with king Olave, Ó. H. (pref.), Fb. iii. 239; leggja til félags, to contribute to a common fund, Fms. vi. 183, viii. 20: in the law even matrimony is a félag or partnership (between man and wife),—in respect to the common fund of mundr and heiman-fylgja, vide the Grág.—In COMPDS, denoting common: félags-bú, n. household in common, Sturl. …
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m.
1) partner, shareholder of any kind; also used of married people, partner, mate (hvat segir þú mér frá Hrúti, félaga þinum); ek vil skilja við félaga minn, I wish to part with my mate;
2) fellow, mate, comrade; góðr (gamansamr) ~, a good (merry) fellow; ~ minn ok frændi, my comrade and kinsinan.
a, m. [E. Engl. felaw, vide félag]
1. prop. a ‘fee-layer,’ i. e. a partner, shareholder of any kind, esp. in trade, Fbr. 74 new Ed., cp. konungs-félagi, a king’s partner, for the kings of old carried on trade, Fbr., Fb. iii. l. c.; sailors who had food in common were félagar; the law provides that even a poor man, if he contributes all that he has, is a lawful félagi, Grág. ii. 72; enda á hann hvárki félaga né mötu-naut, er einn í mötu-neyti ok á engan félaga, 73, passim in the Grág.: félaga-erfð, f. a partner’s inheritance, N. G. L. i. 50.
β. in the law it is also used of married people (vide félag), a partner, mate, consort; hvat segir þú mér frá Hrúti félaga þínum, Nj. 12; ef því hjóna batnar heilsa er vitfirring hafði, þá skal þat hverfa aptr til félaga síns ok hjúskapar, Grág. i. 287; ek vil skilja við félaga minn, I wish to part with my mate, a formulary in pleading before a court of divorce, 326.
2. metaph. a fellow, mate, comrade; this sense of the word occurs as early as the old Hm. 51,—með hálfum hleif ok með höllu keri fékk ek mér félaga, where it however has some slight notion of partnership, with half a loaf and a half-drained cup I got me fellows; …
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f. fiddle.
u, f. [A. S. fidele; Germ. fiedel], a fiddle, Fms. vii. 97, xi. 353 (in a verse); fiðlu-sláttr, playing on a fiddle, Hom. 106.
m. fidaler.
a, m. a fiddler, Hkr. i. 30.
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að, to touch or tickle with a feather; fiðringr, m. the effect of being tickled; fiðraðr, part. feathered, of arrows, Fas. ii. 173.
m. feathers, plumage.
mod. fiðr, n. feathers (vide fjöðr), Edda 46, Stj. 83, Fms. vi. 85 (in a verse); sængr-f., the feathers of a bed; álptar-f., swan feathers; gæsar-f., goose feathers; again, a quill is fjöðr.
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n. a butterfly, vide fífrildi.
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part. wearing feathers, of a bird, Fas. i. 477 (in a verse).
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að, in the phrase, fika sig upp, to climb nimbly as a spider.
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að, to fumble, grope with a thing, as a child, (mod.)
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u, f. [vide fjöl], a deal, thin board, N. G. L. i. 75.
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u, f. the greasy fat flesh, e. g. of a halibut; esp. the thick film of the head, in vanga-filla, kinn-f., haus-f., hnakka-f.
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m. one who cuts deals, N. G. L. i. 101, Gpl. 80.
II. a bird, procellaria maxima.
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að, dep. to hasten, Karl. 382, (rare.)
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[cp. Germ. fimmel = an iron wedge; Bohem. fimol; Swed. fimmel-stång = the handle of a sledge-hammer; in Icel. obsolete, and only used in four or five compds in old poetry], mighty, great, viz. fimbul-fambi, a, m. a mighty fool, Hm. 103; fimbul-ljóð, n. pl. mighty songs, Hm. 141; fimbul-týr, m. the mighty god, great helper, Vsp. 59; fimbul-vetr, m. the great and awful winter preceding the end of the world, Vþm. 44; fimbul-þul, f. the roaring of a river, Gm. 27, Edda (Gl.); fimbul-þulr, m. the great wise man, Hm. 143.
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mod. fimni, f. nimbleness; vide vápn-fimi.
card. numb. five.
a cardinal numb. [Lat. quinque; Gr. πέντε; Goth. fimf; A. S. fif; Engl. five; Germ. fünf; Swed.-Dan. fem]:—five, passim; fimm sinnum, five times, passim.
COMPDS: fimmdeila, fimmfaldr, fimmnættungr, fimmtíu, fimmtigir, fimmtugandi, fimmtugasti, fimmtögr.
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að, to summon (v. fimt), Gþl. 423.
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an ordinal numb, the fifth, passim. fimmti-dagr, mod. fimtu-dagr, m. the fifth day, Thursday (vide dagr), 415. 8, Bs. i. 237, Rb. 112, Fms. v. 97; Nj. 274.
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m. the fifth part, Eg. 266, Fms. i. 23, Rb. 136, N. G. L. i. 79, Gþl. 283.
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1. u, f. the fifth part, Ám. 111.
2. d, to divide into five shares, Ám. 84.
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adj. fivefold, Sks. 416.
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m. a law phrase, a summons with five nights’ notice, N. G. L. i. 124, K. Á. 182, v. l.
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a cardinal numb. fifteen, passim, fimmtán-sessa, u, f. a ship with fifteen seats, Hkr. i. 215.
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an ordinal numb, the fifteenth, passim.
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m. pl. fifty.
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indecl., old
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mod.
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the fiftieth, 686 C. 1, Stj. 110, Orkn. 360, Greg. 73.
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or fimm-tugr, adj. fifty years old, Fms. xi. 75:—measuring fifty (ells, fathoms, or the like), cp. áttræðr.
a. nimble, agile (f. við leika).
adj. nimble, agile, in bodily exercise; fimr við leika, Fms. ii. 91; fimr ok hverjum manni görvari at sér um alla hluti, viii. 343; sterkr ok fimr, Hkr. i. 290; fimr ok skjótr, Fms. x. 314; fimr í orrostum, ii. 106:—neut. as adv. dexterously, speedily, bændum fór eigi fimt at reka flóttann, viii. 407; nú lát við fimt at leita duranna, Hom. 120; víg-fimr, skilled in fight; orð-fimr, mál-fimr, quick of tongue, eloquent: the prop. noun Fima-fengr prob. means nimble-fingered, Ls.
f. number of five.
or fimmt, f. a number of five: fimtar-tala, u, f. a set of five or multiple of five (as fifteen, fifty, etc.), Bs. i. 190.
2. [Swed. femt = a kind of court], a law phrase, a summoning before a court with a notice of five days: a standing phrase in the Norse law, so that the verb fimta means to summon: so, fimtar-grið, n. pl. a truce during a fimt, N. G. L. i. 342, 351; fimmtar-nafn, n. a citation with a fimt’s notice, 86; fimmtar-stefna, u, f. a citation before a court with a fimt’s notice, K. Á. 184: the phrase gera e-m fimt simply means to summon, N. G. L. i. 346, passim; one fimt is the shortest notice for summoning, five fimts the longest,—fimm fimtum hit lengsta, ef hann veit nær þing skal vera, 21:—the law provides that no summoning shall take place on Tuesday, because in that case the court-day would fall on Sunday, the day of summoning not being counted, N. G. L., Jb., and K. Á. passim.—This law term is very curious, and seems to be a remnant of the old heathen division of time into fimts (pentads), each month consisting of six such weeks; …
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u, f. a citation before the Fifth Court, Nj. 168.
m. the oath to be taken in the Fifth Court.
m. the oath to be taken in the Fifth Court, Grág. Þ. Þ. ch. 26. 27, Nj. 241; in Sturl. ii. 128 used of an oath worded as the oath in the Fifth Court.
n. pl. the institution of the F. C..
n. pl. the institution of F., Íb. 13, Nj. 166.
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n. an action before the Fifth Court, Nj. 231.
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f. a case to be brought before the Fifth Court, Grág. i. 360, Nj. 244.
m. the Fifth or High Court (of law) in the Icelandic Commonweallh.
m. the Fifth High Court in the Icel. Commonwealth, vide dómr, Grág. Þ. Þ., etc.; the form of the word is irregular, as it means the Fifth Court (added to the four Quarter Courts) = dómr hinn fimmti, as it is also called in Grág. Þ. Þ. ch. 24 sqq.; the old Scandin. law term fimt seems to have floated before the mind of the founders, as fimtar-dómr etymologically answers to Swed. femt, i. e. a court before which one has to appear a ‘fimt’ from the citation.
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n. a (Norse) meeting called so, Js. 41.
m. nimbleness, agility.
(-leiki), m. nimbleness, agility, Fms. ii. 5, 170, vi. 5, 225. fimleika-maðr, m. a nimble man, Ísl. ii. 191.
adv. nimbly.
adv. (-ligr, adj.), nimbly, Fms. ii. 268, Bær. 19.
(gen. ~ar or ~s; pl. ~), m. finger (~ digrir); rétta e-m f., to point one’s finger at.
m., gen. fingrar, mod. fingrs; dat. fingri; pl. fingr; a neut. fingr occurs in O. H. L. 73, 74, which gender is still found in Swed. dialects; the acc. pl. is in conversation used as fem., an Icel. says allar fingr, not alla fingr: [Goth. figgrs; A. S. finger, etc.; whereas Lat. digitus and Gr. δάκτυλος etymologically answer to Icel. tá, Engl. toe, Germ. zehe, a finger of the foot]:—a finger, Grág. i. 498, Hkr. ii. 380, 384, Magn. 518, passim: the names of the fingers—þumal-fingr, the thumb; vísi-f., the index finger, also called sleiki-f., lick-finger; langa-töng, long-prong; græði-f., leech-finger, also, but rarely, called baug-f., digitus annuli; litli-f., the little finger. Sayings or phrases:—playing with one’s fingers is a mark of joy or happiness—leika fingrum (Rm. 24), or leika við fingr sér (sína), Fms. iv. 167, 172, vii. 172, Orkn. 324, mod. leika við hvern sinn fingr; also spila fingra, id., Fbr. 198; vita e-ð upp á sinar tíu fingr, to know a thing on one’s ten fingers, i. e. have at one’s fingers’ ends; fetta fingr útí e-t, to find fault with; …
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(-s, -ar), m. finger-ring.
m. a finger-ring, Stj. 191.
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f. [Swed. finger-borg], a ‘finger-shield,’ a thimble.
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m. a ‘finger-breaker,’ a false move in chess, but uncertain which, Fms. iv. 366.
n. finger-ring of gold.
n. a ‘finger-gold’, a ring, Nj. 16, Boll. 356, Bs. i. 641, Fms. iv. 130, Worsaae 243–246, 381–383, 433 sqq.
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hjó, to hew one’s finger off, Ann. 1342.
(finn; fann, fundum; fundinn), v.
1) to find (þá fundu þeir Hjörleif dauðan);
2) to meet one (ok vildi eigi ~ Hákon konung);
3) to visit, to interview (gakk þú at ~ konung);
4) to find out, invent (rúnar munt þú ~);
5) to discover (ok fundu þar land mikit);
6) fig. to find, perceive, notice, feel (fundu þeir þá brátt, at);
7) ~ e-m e-t, to find fault with, blame (þat eitt finn ek Gunnlaugi, at);
8) with preps.:
~ á e-t, to come across, fall in with (= hitta á e-t);
impers., fann þat á, it could be perceived;
fann lítt á honum, hvárt, it was little to be seen whether, etc.;
~ at e-u, to find fault with, censure, blame;
~ e-t til, to bring forward, give as a reason (hvat finnr þú til þess?);
9) refl., ~st til e-s, to be pleased with;
impers., fannst Grími fátt til hans, Grim was little pleased with him;
láta sér lítit um ~st, to pay little heed to, rather dislike;
Ölvi fannst mikit um hann, Ölvir admired him much.
pret. fann, 2nd pers. fannt, mod. fanst; pl. fundu; pres. finn and finnr; in old MSS. and poetry freq. fiðr, Hm. 23, but finnr 63; pret. subj. fynda; part. fundinn; sup. fundit; the forms funnu and funnit may be found in MSS., but were probably never so pronounced; for even in Haustl. hund and fundu rhyme together; with the neg. suff. fannka, Hm. 38: [Ulf. finþan; A. S. findan; Engl. find; Germ. finden; Swed. finna; Dan. finde]:—to find; Finnar kómu aptr ok höfðu fundit hlutinn, Landn. 174; hann leitar ok fiðr, Ísl. ii. 321; Knútr hinn Fundni, Canute the Foundling, Fms. i. 112; hann herjaði á Ísland ok fann þar jarðhús mikit, Landn. 32; fundu þeir Hjörleif dauðan, 35; þar fundusk undir bein, Ld. 328.
2. to meet one; hversu opt hann fyndi smala-mann Þórðar, Ld. 138; ok vildi eigi finna Hákon konung, Fms. x. 3.
β. to visit; en þó gakk þú at finna konung, Nj. 7; veiztu ef þú vin átt … far þú at finna opt, Hm. 120.
3. to find out, invent, discover: Þorsteinn er fann sumar-auka, Landn. 131, Ld. 12; Nói fann vín at göra, Al. 64, Stj. 191; rúnar munt þú finna, Hm. …
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m. pl. Finns (usually the early non-Aryan inhabitants of Norway and Sweden; not identical with the modern Lapps or Finns).
m. the Finns and Lapps; Finnr, m. a Finn; Finna and Finn-kona, u, f. a Finn woman, Fms. x. 378; Finn-mörk, f. Finmark, Fms. passim; Finnland, n. Finland; Finnlendingar, m. pl. the Finns; the name Lapps only occurs in Orkn. ch. 1. and Ann. of the 14th century; Finn-ferð or Finn-för, f. or Finn-kaup, n. travelling or trading with the Finns or Lapps, Fms. vii, Eg. 25, Hkr. ii. 162; Finn-skattr, m. tribute paid by the Finns, Eg. 53, Fms. vi. 377; Finn-skref, n. cargo in a Finn merchant ship, Fas. ii. 515. 516; Finnskr, adj. Finnic, Lapp, etc., vide Fms, passim. The trade with the Finns or Lapps was in old times regarded as a royal monopoly, cp. esp. Eg. ch. 10, 14. Ó. H. ch. 122, Har. S. harðr. ch. 104, 106. and the deeds and laws passim.
II. again the Finns or Lapps were in old times notorious for sorcery, hence the very names Finn and sorcerer became synonymous, cp. Vd. ch. 12, Landn. 3. …
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mod. firnindi, n. pl. a wilderness, desert, in the phrase, fjöll ok f., Fms. viii. 432.
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m., botan. juncus squarrosus; sinu-f., töðu-f., nardus stricta, Norse Finna-skæg = Finn’s beard.
n. fabulous monster.
n. (finn-galp, Fas. iii. 473, wrongly), a fabulous monster, half man, half beast, Nj. 183, Landn. 317. v. l., Fms. v. 246: the word centaur is rendered by finngálkn, 673. 2, Rb. (1812. 17); hence finn-gálknað, part. n. a gramm. term to express incongruous metaphors and the like, cp. Horace’s ‘desinit in piscem …,’ Skálda 187, 204.
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að, fipa fyrir e-m, to disturb, confuse one in reading or speaking: reflex., e-m fipast, one is confounded, in reading or talking.
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að, to touch, finger, Grett. 203 A: for the proverb vide feigr; fiplanda í loptið upp, rendering of Lat. ‘inanes auras sectantem,’ Vitae Patrum (Unger).
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vide fífling.
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both wrongly as it seems, cp.
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n. an ebbing; see ör-firi.
n. pl. poet. abominations.
n. pl. lechery, Hkv. 1. 40.
n. pl. abomination, monstrous thing.
n. pl. (mod. firni), [Ulf. fairina = αἰτία], an abomination, shocking thing; mæltu margir at slíkt væri mikil firn, Nj. 156, Fs. 62, Sturl. i. 12, Fms. vi. 38, Gullþ. 13; svá miklum firnum, Eg. 765; f. ok endemi, or heyr á firn, what a monstrous thing! Fms. vii. 21, 25: the saying, firnum nýtr þess er firnum fær, cp. the Lat. ‘male parta male dilabuntur,’ Fbr. 28, Grett. 16 new Ed.: gen. pl. firna-, used as a prefix to adjectives and nouns, shockingly.
COMPDS: firnadjarfr, firnafrost, firnafullr, firnaharðr.
II. in mod. usage, firni = a great deal, a lot; firnin o:ll, a vast lot.
(að), v. to blame, reproach (f. e-n e-s, e-n um e-t).
að, [Ulf. fairinon = μωμασθαι], to blame, with acc. of the person, gen. of the thing, Hm. 92, 93; firnattu mik, blame not me, Korm. 100 (in a verse); firna e-n um e-t, id., Mork. 36.
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compar. one degree farther, of odd degrees of cousinship. e. g. three on one side and four on the other, Grág. i. 50. 171, passim: cp. D. l. i. 385.
a. very daring.
adj. mad, Fms. vii. 65, xi. 54.
n. awful frost.
n. an awful frost, Hom. 87.
a. awful.
adj. awful, Fas. i. 24.
a. violent.
adj. violent, Fms. viii. 225.
(-ða, -ðr), v.
1) f. e-n augum, to lose sight of;
2) to deprive one of (f. e-n e-u);
3) to save, defend (f. e-n ámæli);
4) refl. to keep away from, shun, avoid (~st fund e-s).
ð, [fjarri], to deprive one of a thing, with dat. of the thing, acc. of the person; þegar er hann firði Þórð augum, whenever he lost sight of Thord, Fms. vi. 201; firðr ríki ok fóstrlandi, bereft of kingdom and ‘fosterland,’ iii. 6; firra e-n festar-konu sinni, Grág. i. 314; firra konu ráði lögráðanda, 343, cp. Kb. ii. 50.
β. to save, defend; viðr því firri (defend) oss Guðs son, Stj. 152; firra e-n ámæli, Fms. v. 307; firra e-n úhæfu. vi. 383; úhöppum, Lv. 94 (Ed. fríum).
2. reflex. to shun; firrask fund e-s, Eg. 70: hann vildi f. alþýðu þys, Fms. i. 272; firsk þú eigi gæfu þína, don’t shirk thy good luck, Glúm. 382; firrask e-n eðr flýja, Grág. i. 233; ef kona firrisk bónda sinn, if a wife elopes from her husband, 353, cp. Hm. 163; heilsa firrisk e-n, health departs from one, Sturl. ii. 114 C.
II. part. firðr or firrðr, as adj. bereft of, void of, Skv. 2. 7, 3. 13, 24; vammi firð, faultless, holy, Stor. 23.
a. compar. farther off; fé er fjörvi firra, money is less dear than life. Cf. fjarri.
adj. compar. farther, Nj. 124, (vide fjarr.)
f. shunning, removal.
f. a shunning, removal, Bs. i. 740.
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f. pl. fretfulness; firtinn, adj. fretful; firtast, t, dep. to fret.
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adj. from fjörðr, q. v., in a great many compds, Breið-firzkr, Ey-firzkr, Skag-firzkr, etc., Landn., Sagas, passim.
(að), v. to fish (= fiskja).
að, to fish, vide fiskja.
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f. = fiskiá, Jb. 305.
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f. = fiskigangr, B. K. 119.
n. purchase of (dried) fish.
n. the purchase of (dried) fish, Bjarn. 34.
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n. a kind of fish, Stj. 18.
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n. the zodiac, Rb. 104.
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m. a fish-pool, Bret.
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n. a fishing-vessel, Fms. v. 101.
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f. = fiskistöð, Ld. 4.
f. = fiskistöng.
f. = fiskistöng, Gísl. 104.
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f. fish-tithe, Vm. 173.
(gen. fiskjar), f. fishing; róa fara til fiskjar, to go a-fishing.
f., irreg. gen. fiskjar (as if from fiskr), fishing, Grág. ii. 383, Gþl. 422, Bs. i. 360; leysa net til fiskjar, 656 C. 2; róa, fara til fiskjar, to go a-fishing, Edda 35, Bs. i. 654, Fas. ii. 113; fara í fiski, Grág. i. 150; róa á fiski, Gullþ. 5, Fbr. 158; róa at fiski, Bs. i. 654; öll fiski í Laxá, Am. 91.
COMPDS: fiskiafli, fiskiá, fiskibátr, fiskibekkr, fiskibrögð, fiskibúð, fiskidráttr, fiskidugga, fiskifang, fiskifýla, fiskifæri, fiskiför, fiskigangr, fiskigarðr, fiskigjöf, fiskigögn, fiskihylr, fiskikarl, fiskikufl, fiskiligt, fiskilækr, fiskimaðr, fiskimál, fiskimið, fiskinet, fiskiróðr, fiskisaga, fiskisetr, fiskiskáli, fiskiskip, fiskistöð, fiskistöng, fiskitollr, fiskivatn, fiskiveiðr, fiskivél, fiskiver, fiskivist.
a. good at fishing.
adj. good at fishing.
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a, m. fishing stores.
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f. a fish-river, Jb. 305.
m. fishing-boat.
m. a fishing-boat, 625. 63.
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m. a brook full of fish, Fr.
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n. pl. fishing,
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f. a fishing-booth, Grág. i. 471.
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m. catching fish.
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u, f., vide dugga.
n. catch of fish; pl. (fiskiföng), stores of fish.
n. a catch of fish, Eg. 130, Fms. xi. 225; in pl. stores of fish, Bjarn. 34.
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u, f. ‘fish-fouler,’ a nickname of one who returns without having caught any fish, fara fýlu, Finnb. 352.
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n. fishing-gear.
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f. a fishing expedition, Gþl. 425.
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m., -ganga, u, f., and -gengd, f. a shoal of fish, Vigl. 22.
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m. a fish-pond, B. K. 119.
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f. a contribution in fish, N. G. L. i. 257.
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n. pl. fishing-tackle, Gþl. 424.
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m. a fish-pond, Fr.
m. fisherman.
m. a fisherman, Fas. i. 6: metaph. a spider = dordingull, q. v.
m. fishing-jacket.
m. a fishing-jacket with a cowl or hood, Fms. vi. 388.
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n. adj. fit for fishing, Bs. ii. 141.
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m. a brook full of fish, Glúm., Karl. 486.
m. fisherman.
m. a fisherman, Bs. i. 360, Blas. 38, Fms. vii. 121, 122.
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n. the range within which fishing is carried on, Gþl. 461.
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n. the place where the fish-shoals are.
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n. a fishing-net.
m. rowing out for fish.
m. rowing out for fish in an open boat, Eb. 26, 28, Bárð. 169.
f. fish-news.
u, f. fish-news, viz. of shoals of fish, in the saying, flýgr fiskisaga, Þjal. 35.
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n. a fishing-place, Boldt.
m. fishermen’s hut.
a, m. a fisherman’s hut, Fms. v. 305, Grág. i. 471.
n. fishing-boat.
n. a fishing-boat, 656 C. 2, Bs. i. 326.
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f. a fishing-place, N. G. L. i. 257.
f. fishing-spear.
f. a fishing-spear, Gísl. 21.
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m. fish-toll, Vm. 149.
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n. a lake full of fish, Gþl. 455, Stj. 91; in pl. as local name, Ld.
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f. a catching of fish, Fms. v. 232, Grág. ii. 337, Vm. 158, 170.
n. fishing place or station.
n. a fishing-place, fishing, Fms. xi. 225, Pm. 74, Band. 4, Hkr. ii. 272.
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f. a fishing device, D. N.
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f. a fisherman’s abode, Vm. 155.
(-ta, -t), v. to fish (= fiska).
t; pret. pl. fisktu, Landn. 271; fiskþi, Grág. Kb. i. 132; fiskja, N. G. L. i. 139, Bs. i. 326; pres. fiskir, Grág. i. 470, 471; fiscar, Kb. i. 132, is undoubtedly wrong; fiskt (sup.), 656 C. 2: in mod. usage always að, and so in MSS. of the 15th century; pres. fiskar, Gþl. 427; pret. fiskaði, Bs. i. 360; pl. fiskaðu, Fas. ii. 111, B. K. 120:—to fish; fiskja síld, Fms. x. 22; karl fiskti þá ýsu, en áðr hafði hann fiskt löngu, Frissb. 255.
(-s, -ar), m. fish; flatr f., heilagr f., flat-fish, halibut.
m. [Lat. piscis; Ulf. fisks; A. S. fisc; Engl. fish; Germ. fisch; Swed.-Dan. fisk]
I. a fish, of both sea and fresh-water fish, esp. cod, trout, salmon are often κατ ἐξ. called ‘fish,’ Sks. 180, Hkr. ii. 385; var þar undir f. nógr, Bárð. 169; at miði því er þik man aldri fisk bresta, id.; þar var hvert vatn fullt af fiskum, Eg. 134; fugla ok fiska, Grág. ii. 345, Sturl. ii. 165, passim; of the zodiacal fishes, 1812. 17:—different kind of fish, heilagr fiskr (mod. heilag-fiski), halibut, Þorf. Karl., Bs. i. 365; flatr f., id., Edda 35; hval-f., a ‘whale fish;’ beit-f. (q. v.), bait fish; ill-fiskar, ill or evil fishes, sharks; skel-f., shell fish; blautr f., fresh fish, N. G. L. iii. ch. 2, 5; skarpr f., dried fish, Bs. i. 209, 365, 367, in mod. usage harðr fiskr; freð-f. = frer-f., frozen fish, preserved by being frozen: as to fishing vide Hým. 17 sqq., Bs. ii. ch. 2, 87, Guðm. S. ch. 87, Nj. ch. 11, Edda l. c., Eb. ch. 11, Fbr. ch. 40, Landn. 2. 5, Ld. ch. 12, 58, Bárð. ch. 9, Rafn S. ch. 10, D. I. and Bs. passim in the Miracle-books: the section of law regarding this important branch of livelihood in Iceland is wanting in the present Grágás, proving that this collection is not complete, but in a fragmentary state. …
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n. fish-bone.
n. a fish-bone, Blas. 40, Bs. i. 368.
a. pale as fish.
adj. pale as a fish, Fms. vii. 269.
f. shoal of fish.
f. a shoal of fish, Grág. ii. 350.
m. fish-spine.
m. a fish-spine, Fms. viii. 221.
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n. adj. ‘fish-less;’ and fisk-leysi, n. bad fishing.
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n. fish-oil.
m. ‘fish-driver’ (a kind of whale).
a, m. ‘fish-driver,’ a kind of whale, Edda (Gl.), Sks. 125; as a nickname, Eb., Landn.: fish drifted ashore, Vm. 18.
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fisk-ver, etc., vide fiski-.
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n. the value of a fish, about two-pence Engl.; cp. fiskr III.
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n. fish-meat.
(pl. fitjar), f.
1) webbed foot of swimming birds; flipper (of a seal);
2) meadow-land on the banks of a lake or river.
f., pl. fitjar, gen. fitja, dat. fitjum, the webbed foot of water-birds, (hence fit-fuglar opposed to kló-fuglar), Grág. i. 416, Sks. 169: also of a seal, 179. fitja-skamr, adj. havinga short f. (of a seal), Ld. 56.
2. the web or skin of the feet of animals, flá fit af fremra fæti, ok göra af skó, N. G. L. i. 31, Fas. iii. 386, Fms. iv. 336.
II. metaph. meadow land on the banks of a firth, lake, or river, Fms. iv. 41, Vm. 168; á fitjum ár þeirrar er fellr millum húsa, Krók. 38, Eg. 132; Agnafit (in Sweden), very freq. in Icel. names of places, vide Landn.
2. the edge or hem of a sock, knitted things, etc., hence fitja upp, to begin knitting a piece; dúkr fitja-lagðr, a hemmed kerchief, Pm. 99.
f. fat, grease.
u, f. [feitr], fat, grease, Fms. iii. 186; in many compds.
(að), v. to web, knit (hann lét f. saman fingrna).
að, [cp. A. S. fettan, Engl. to fit], to web, knit; hann lét fitja saman fingrna, he webbed the fingers together, like the foot of a duck or seal, in order to swim better, Grett. 148.
β. fitja upp sokk, etc., to ‘cast on’ a sock or the like, i. e. make the first stitches in knitting it: metaph., fitja upp á nef sér, to knit or screw up the nose in anger, Dan. ‘slaa kröller paa næsen;’ so in Engl. ‘to knit the brows.’
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að, to finger, to fidget; f. með fingrinum, Clar.; and fitl, n. fidgeting.
(að), v. to become fat.
að, to become fat, Karl. 448.
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n. a web-footed bird, water-bird, Sks. 169.
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m. a shoe made of fit (I. 2 = hemingr), Fms. vii. 297.
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u, f. [Gr. πάππος], cotton grass, eriophorum, Stj. 40; Icel. say, léttr sem fifa, light as f.; fífu-kveykr, m. a wick of f.
β. metaph. and poët. an arrow, Edda (Gl.): the name of a ship, from her swiftness, Orkn.
m. dandelion.
m., dat. fífli, pl. fíflar, a dandelion; the withered fífill is called bifu-kolla, q. v.: used in compds of divers wild flowers of similar kind, unda-fífill or skari-fífill, hawk-weed; Jakobs-f., Jacob’s staff; fjalla-f., common avens or herb bennet, geum; heiða-f., liver-wort, hepatica alba; tún-f. = common fífill, Björn, Hjalt.: metaph. a flower, blossom; renna upp sem fífill í brekku, to run up like a weed on a bank (of youth); fegri man eg fífil minn, I mind when my bloom was fairer, i. e. remember happier days, Eggert.
a. dandelion-yellow.
adj. dandelion-yellow, used only of a horse, Vígl. 20, Finnb. 278.
n. fool, clown, boor.
m. [A. S. fifal = monster], a fool, clown, boor, Gísl. 46 sqq., Korm. 76, Sd. 176, Fms. vi. 217; fífl ok afglapi, ii. 156: the proverb, því er fífl að fátt er kennt, no wonder one is a fool, if one has never been taught; dala-fífl, a ‘dale-fool,’ one born and bred in a low dale, Gautr. S. (Fas. iii), ch. 1 sqq., Parcevals S.; for popular tales respecting such characters vide Ísl. Þjóðs. ii. 505 sqq.; eldhús-fífl = Germ. asch-brödel; skáld-fífl, a poëtaster, Edda. fífls-ligr, adj. foolish; f. hjal, foolish talk, Flóv. 43.
I)
f. wanton girl, romp.
II)
(-da, -dr), v. to beguile, seduce;
refl., ~st, to act as a seducer.
1. u, f. a girl, Grett.
2. d, [fivle, Ivar Aasen], with acc. to fool one, Skálda 168.
2. to beguile a woman, Glúm. 377, Fs. 60, Nj. 107: reflex., fíflask at konu, id., Rd. 318, Bs. i. 663: of a woman, to fall into illicit love, Stj. 321, Bs. i. 653.
m. pl. beguilement.
f. pl. beguilement, Lv. 5, Fs. 138, Eb. 142, Bs. i. 447.
f. foolishness, folly.
u, f. foolishness, folly, Eg. 729; fíflsku-fullr, adj. full of folly, Hkr. iii. 274.
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adj. foolish, Landn.; a nickname.
m. pl. monsters, giants.
m. pl. an απ. λεγ., Vsp. 51, ‘monster-men,’ fiends; cp. A. S. fifal = monster.
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u, f. foolish talk, nonsense, Mag. 6.
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m. folly, 625. 192; hence the phrase, hafa e-t í fiflskaparmálum, to speak vainly of a thing (viz. sacred things).
n. pl. foolish language.
n. pl. foolish, foul language, Gísl. 53.
n. butterfly.
mod. fiðrildi through a false etymology, as if it were from fiðri, [O. H. G. viveltre; A. S. fifalde; provinc. Germ. feifalter; Swed. fjäril; Norse fivreld or fibrelde; Lat. pāpilio]:—a butterfly, Flor. 18.
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u, f. [Lat. word], a metaphor, Skálda 160, Alg. 356: a figure of speech, Skálda 183, 211, Stj. 524.
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adj. [Dan. figen; Swed. fiken; wanting in Germ., Engl., and A. S.]:—greedy, eager; freq. in poët. compds, böð-f., gunn-f., morð-f., sigr-f., etc., warlike, valiant, Lex. Poët.
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u, f. [Lat. ficus; Germ. feige], a fig, Stj. 331.
COMPDS: fíkjukjarni, fíkjutré.
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t, dep. to desire eagerly; f. á fé, Sl. 34; f. eptir e-u, id.
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dat. used as adv. eagerly, very, freq. in the Jd.; fikjum grimm, 12; fíkjum íllt, 26; fíkjum haukligt, 41; fíkjum hátt, exceeding high, Hom. (St.) 58.
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a, m. the kernels or seeds of a fig, Stj. 645.
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n. = fík-tré, N. T.
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f. eagerness.
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adj. eager, greedy, Fms. vi. 404 (in a verse).
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adv. greedily, Fms. vi. (in a verse).
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n. a fig-tree, Stj. 36, 325, 399, 403, Mar. 32.
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part. fleeced, a sheep is said to be vel fíldr, ílla fíldr; cp. Lat. pilus, Engl. filt, as also þel.
(-s, -ar), m. elephant.
m. [early Swed. and Dan. fil], an elephant; this interesting word, which is still in exclusive use in Icel., was borrowed from the Persian fil, and came to Scandinavia in early times, probably by the eastern road of trade through Russia and Constantinople; it occurs in a verse of the 10th century (Fb. i. 209), the genuineness of which may be doubtful, but at all events the word is old; freq. in Al., Stj., Flóv., and romances. But úlfaldi, Goth. ulbandus, A. S. olfend or olvend, a corruption of the Gr. ελέφαντ-, means camel.
COMPDS: fílsbein, fílstönn.
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or fíla-bein, n. ivory, Al., Edda (pref.), Str.
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f. ivory, Mar.
a. fine, smooth (rare).
adj. [Ital. fine and fino = perfect, from Lat. finis; Engl. fine; Germ. fein]:—fine; it occurs in the Icel. poems Nikulas-drápa and Skíða-rima, and prob. came to Icel. along with the English trade at the beginning of the 15th century; sax fínt sem spegill, Fas. iii. 543 (MS. 15th century): in a good sense, girnist þú barn mitt blezan fá, björg lífs og gæfu fína, fine luck, happiness, Pass. 37. 4.
β. of clothes, ‘fínn’ is opp. to ‘coarse,’ but the use of the word is rare in Icel.
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m. pl. [A. S. firas], poët. men, people, Ls. 25, Hm. 25, Edda (Gl.); fjölð er þat er fíra tregr (a saying), Sdm. 30, passim.
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a strong verb, pret. feis, [Swed. fisa; Dan. fise; akin to Lat.], pedere, Hbl. 26; en hann feis við, Ísl. ii. 177.
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m. small bellows.
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m. a kind of fungus, = gor-kúla.
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a, m. magic, Fms. i. 76, x. 223, Fas. iii. 457: mod. frenzy.
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u, f. a sorceress, Stj. 491.
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f. magical art, Edda (pref.)
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m. a sorcerer, Stj. 647, 651.
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in compds; hence the mod. fítungr, m. frenzy; [from the Gr. Πύθων; mid. Lat. phitones = wizards, Du Cange; phitoness = Πυθώνισσα, a witch, Chaucer.]
COMPDS: fítónsandi, fítónskona, fítónslist, fítónsmaðr.
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vide fjöðr, a feather.
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m. a feathered, i. e. double-edged, spike, Bárð. 170.
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adj. featherless, Fas. ii. 378; in the riddle, fuglinn flaug fjaðra-lauss, elti fuglinn fóta-lauss.
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adj. = fjaðr-sárr.
n. = fjaðrspjót.
n. a kind of sword-spear to thrust with, = fjaðr-spjót.
m. feather-coat.
m. a ‘feather ham,’ winged haunch (in northern tales), like that of Icarus in the Greek legend, Þkv. 3, 5, 9, Þiðr. 92, 93, Al. 72.
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n. pl. a feather-bed used as a coverlet, Js. 78.
a. featherless.
adj. featherless, Edda 77.
a. ‘feather-sore’, moulting.
adj. feather-wounded, of a bird changing feathers, K. Þ. K. 112, K. Á. 164.
n. a kind of spear.
n. a kind of spear, Grett. 121, Fs. 64.
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m. the barrel of a quill, Stj. 79.
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vide fjöl, a deal, plank, board.
f. a bridge of planks (fjöl).
f. a bridge of planks, Fms. xi. 280.
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n. a load of deals, N. G. L. i. 142.
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m. a mouse-trap, Fms. iii. 74.
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m. a deal stool, Pm. 90, etc.
n. mountain, fell.
n. a fell, skin, Lat. pellis, vide berfjall, (rare.)
n. mountain, fell.
n., pl. fjöll, [a Scandin. word, Swed. fjäll, Dan. fjæld, but wanting in the Germ. and Saxon, not even used in the Ormul., but freq. in North. E. and Scot., where it is of Dan. origin]:—a fell, mountain, Nj. 25, Hkr. i. 228, Grett. 149, in endless instances: in the phrase, það gengr fjöllunum hæra, it mounts higher than the fells, cries to heaven, of injustice: in allit. phrases, fjöll og firnindi, fells and deserts (vide finnerni); fjall eðr fjörðr, fells or firths, Hm. 117, N. G. L. i. 117: the pl. fjöll is used of a mountain with many peaks, Eyja-fjöll, Vaðla-fjöll, Hafnar-fjöll, Fbr.; but Akra-fjall, Fagraskógar-fjall, of a single mountain: the pl. is also used of a chain of mountains, thus, Alpa-fjöll, the Alps; Pyrenea-fjöll, the Pyrenees; but Dofra-fjall, the Dofra range in Norway: in biblical names it is usually prefixed, e. g. fjallið Sinaí, fjallið Horeb, etc.; but also Gilboa-fjöll, Sam. Sálm. 2. 1, prob. for the sake of euphony: fjall is also used κατ΄ εξ., and as a pr. noun, of the Alps, in the phrase, fyrir norðan fjall, i. e. Germany north of the Alps; sunnan um fjall, i. e. Italy; the German emperor is called keisari fyrir norðan fjall, Fms. …
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að, to clothe with a fell, cover with fur; fjalla um þik með góðum klæðum, Clar.: metaph. to treat; hence comes the part. fjallaðr, adj. tinted, coloured; blá-fjallaðr, black, etc.; gull-fjallaðr, gilt, Fas. ii. 173.
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n. the back of a fell, the sun sinks að fjalla baki, behind the fells.
m. dale, valley.
m. a valley, 673. 53.
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n. sheep on the fells or hill-pastures.
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u, f. a bird, ‘mount-shunner,’ the sand-piper, Fjölnir viii.
n. light breeze from the mountains.
n. a light breeze from the fells, Fær. 203, opp. to haf-gola, a breeze off the sea.
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n. pl., botan. lichen Islandicus.
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a, m. a cleft or pass between fells, Stj. 87, Al. 26.
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u, f. ‘fell-sneaker,’ a mist leaving the fells clear, but covering the low land.
f. mountain-view.
f. mountain-view, Bs. ii. 179, freq. in names of places, vide Landn.
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m. a peak.
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adj. hilly, mountainous, Sks. 42, (rare.)
f. brow (edge) of a mountain.
f. the brow, edge of a fell, Stj. 402, D. I. i. 471.
f. mountain-side.
f. a fell-side, Fms. i. 211, ix. 527.
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or fjalls-gnípa, u, f. the horn of a fell, a sharp peak.
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f. pl. summits, Stj. 59, 607.
m. a hill projecting between two valleys.
a, m. a ‘mull’ or crag projecting between two valleys, Landn. 313.
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f. pl. the roots of a f., i. e. the foot of a mountain; the fells are metaph. regarded as trees rooted in the earth, but cp. the mythical tale in Edda 19 and 221 (App.)
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f. the shoulder of a fell, Stj. 529, Fas. i. 53.
n. crag, precipice.
n. a crag, precipice, Fms. ii. 277.
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f. a hill-fort, Stj. 380.
f. district among fells.
f. a county among fells, 625. 87, Eg. 58, Hkr. ii. 65.
m. dale in the fells.
m. a dale in the fells, Eg. 137, Hkr. i. 47.
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n. a beast of the fells, wild beast, Bs. ii. 137 (of a fox).
f. mountain excursion.
f. a ‘fell-trip,’ mountain excursion, Fs. 71.
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u, f. going into the fell-pastures to gather sheep, Jb. 284, Vápn. 22. fjallgöngu-maðr, m. men searching the fells for sheep.
m. range of mountains.
m. a wall of fells, range of hills, Hkr. i. 8, A. A. 287 (of the Alps), Sks. 143.
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u, f. a breeze from the fells.
m. mountain pasture.
a, m. a fell-pasture, Eb. 54, Jb. 243.
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u, f. a ‘fell-hole,’ cavern, Sks. 714.
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u, f. ‘fell-queen,’ a giantess, Bs. ii. 26, (rare.)
m. a man searthing the fells for sheep.
m. = fjallgöngumaðr, Sd. 156.
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m. a law term, a man put to death by being exposed on a fell, opp. to gálg-nár hanged, sæ-nár drowned, vide Grág. Vsl. ch. 90, cp. Rd. ch. 21, 22.
m. dwarf-birch.
mod. fjall-drapi, a, m. a kind of dwarf birch, Bs. i. 7, Edda (Gl.), Hjalt., Björn.
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u, f. [Norse rutte], a kind of wild partridge, Edda (Gl.)
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adj. blowing from the fells, Kristni S. (in a verse).
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n. a gap in the fell, mountain-pass, Krók. 64.
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ð, a pun, Krók. l. c., = gilja, to beguile, (fjallskarð = gil.)
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u, f. a ‘fell-scaur,’ Hkr. iii. 323, v. l.
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m. a mountain forest, Stj. 256, 644.
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u, f. a mountain plain, table land, Flor.
f. fellman’s staff.
f. a fellsman’s staff, Eb. 106.
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m. a mountain peak, = fjalla-tindr, Edda (pref.)
m. mountain road.
m. a mountain road, Stj. 352, v. l., Ísl. ii. 349, Fms. viii. 50.
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m. timber from the fells, Gþl. 455.
m. wind blowing from the mountains, opp. to ‘hafvindr’.
m. a land wind, opp. to hafvindr, Eg. 370.
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u, f. fog from the fells.
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adj. = felmsfullr, O. H. L. 27.
n. chopping-block.
n. a chopping block, Vápn. 24, Bs. i. 696.
I)
f.
1) ebb-tide, ebb;
2) fore-shore, beach (var þá skógr milli fjalls ok fjöru).
II)
(að), v. impers. to ebb; skip (acc.) ~r uppi, ~r undan skipi, the ship is left aground, or remains, high and dry.
að, (but fjarði, Korm. 118), to ebb; er fjarði, fjarar (pres.), Vm. 96, Korm. l. c.; fjara uppi, of a ship, to be aground, Hkr. i. 152; so, fjaraði um nótt út undan skipinu, the ship was left on dry land, Fms. xi. 241; fjarar nú undan skipinu, Ld. 56: metaph. to be upset, Str. 32 (badly): impers., skip (acc.) hans fjaraði uppi, his ship ran aground, Fms. iv. 65; sum skipin vóru þá uppi fjöruð, Hkr. i. 152.
I)
f.
1) ebb-tide, ebb;
2) fore-shore, beach (var þá skógr milli fjalls ok fjöru).
II)
(að), v. impers. to ebb; skip (acc.) ~r uppi, ~r undan skipi, the ship is left aground, or remains, high and dry.
u, f., gen. fjöru, [a Scandin. word, which remains in Orphir in the Orkneys, vide ey]
1. the ebb-tide, ebb, 415. 10, Edda 32–34, Fms. xi. 6, Fs. 157, Grág. ii. 352–366, passim.
2. [cp. fore- in the Engl. fore-shore], the fore-shore, beach, sea-board, Edda l. c., Grág. i. 91, Fas. ii. 148, Nj. 19, Eb. 292, Grett. 89, Orkn. 336, passim: the allit. saying, milli fjalls ok fjöru, between fell and fore-shore; var þá skógr milli fjalls ok fjöru, at that time it was forest between fell and fore-shore, i. e. all over the low land, Landn. 28, Íb. ch. 1; þar sem mætisk gras eðr f., where the grass and sea-beach join, Dipl. iii. 11.
COMPDS: fjöruborð, fjörugrjót, fjörugrös, fjörukóngr, fjörumaðkr, fjörumaðr, fjörumark, fjörumál, fjörunytjar, fjörusteinn, fjörustúfr.
from fjörðr, firth.
vide fjörðr, a firth.
n. heathen temple.
n. pl. [farg, fergja, fjörgyn], huge, big houses, Akv. 39, 42.
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dep. to groan and lament, Bjarn. 69 (in a verse), (MS. fiargvefiar, r = z = sk; the explanation given in Lex. Poët. cannot be right. Ls. 19 is corrupt, so that there is no evidence for the word fjörg = gods.)
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að, dep. to groan as under a weight; f. dýrin sein og þung, Bb. 3. 35: the phrase, f. um e-t, to groan, make a fuss about nothing.
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adj. being far off, an obsolete word; as to the dubious passage Alm. 5 vide farri.
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adv. [A. S. feorran; Old Engl. ferne; Germ. fern; Swed. fjärran; Dan. fjern], far off, Hkr. ii. 37, D. N. v. 24, = fjarri.
m. landlouper (rare).
N. G. L. ii. 154, v. l.
(firr, first), adv.
1) far off (svá at f. flugu brotin); with dat. far from (sólu f); standa f. e-m, to stand far from one; compar., firr, farther off farit firr húsi, keep off from the house; allt er fjörvi firr, life is the nearest (dearest) thing; firr meirr, farther aloof (bóndamúgrinn sat firr meirr);
2) fig., taka e-u ~, to take a thing coldly, show disinclination, refuse (Ormr tók því ekki f.); ok er þat ekki f. hennar skapi, it is not far from her mind; f. ferr því, far from it, by no means; nú sé ek eigi, at mér mætti firr um fara en þér, now I see not how I can fare worse than thou;
3) far from, bereft of; f. feðrmunum, bereft of my patrimony.
compar. firr, mod. fjær, superl. first or firrst, mod. fjærst; [Gr. πύρρω; Goth. fairra, which is also used to transl. μακράν: A. S. feor; Engl. far; Hel. and O. H. G. fer]:—far off; því at útlendir höfðingjar vóru þeim jafnan fjarri, Ó. H. 34; svá at fjarri flugu brotin, flew far off, Edda 19; vide Ísl. ii. 483, passim; skattlöndin þau er fjarri lágu, the provinces that were at a distance (fjar-lægr), Eg. 536: with dat., sólu fjarri, Vsp. 44; hvárt sem eru nær kirkju eða fjarri kirkju-garði, far from the churchyard, K. Þ. K. 28; standa f. e-m, to stand far from one; hamingjan stóð honum eigi fjarri, Al. 82; stóðtu mér þá fjarri, Nj. 19; útibúr þat er first var húsum, farthest from the houses, 168; hvar fjarri öðrum mönnum, quite far from other men, Grett. 127; þeim mönnum er first bygðu megin-héruðum, who lived farthest from the chief counties, Fms. iv. 144; í þat horn lands síns er first er lýrittar-vörn hans, Grág. ii. 224; þóttusk þeir bazt hafa er first vóru þeirra samgangi, the farther off the better, Glúm. …
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adj. immense.
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adv. immensely.
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fjarska-stór, adj. immensely big.
m. far distance; vera (liggja) í fjarska, to be (lie) afar off.
a, m. a far distance; vera, liggja, í fjarska, to be afar off, Fms. xi. 57, Sks. 183, Fas. iii. 459:—metaph. in mod. usage immensity, and in many COMPDS: fjarskalegr, fjarskaliga, fjarskamikill, etc.
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f. distance, Rb. 476, passim.
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ð, to leave far behind, A. R. ii. 151, Stat. 282.
a. far off, distant.
adj. ‘far-lying,’ distant, Fms. i. 289, x. 227, Mar. 207.
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adj. ‘far-standing,’ far from; fjarstætt er um afl várt, there is a long way between our strength, i. e. no comparison, Fms. iii. 187.
adv. at a great distance.
adv. far off, out of sight, Mar.
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n. [taka fjarri], a flat refusal, Fas. iii. 527.
f. living far off.
f. living far off, Sks. 190.
(early form fía), v. to hate;
refl., ~st e-n = ~ e-n.
ð, [Goth. fijan = μισειν; A. S. feon or fjan], to hate; an obsolete word, but occurs in Hým. 22, Ls. 35: reflex., fjásk e-n, to hate one, Skm. 33. Its participle however remains in all Teut. dialects, vide fjándi below.
a. moneyed, rich (f. vel).
part. [fé], monied, Bjarn. 18.
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or fjálfr, n. a dubious word, [akin to fela (?)], the deep, an abyss, Haustl. 18; undir-f., the lower deep, the abyss, Þd. 19.
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adj. [feleg = safe in Dan. ballads; fjelg = comfortable, Ivar Aasen; prob. from fela]:—safe, well kept, only in compds, glóð-fjálgr, hid in embers, of a fire, Ýt. 21; inn-f., stifled, of tears, Hkv. 2. 43.
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m. [felegbed = security, Dan. ballads], trust, faith, Hom. 122.
(pl. fjándr), m.
1) enemy, foe; gefat þínum fjándum frið give no truce to thy foes;
2) fiend, devil.
a, m., mod. fjandi, pl. fjándr, mod. also féndr; dat. fjándum, mod. fjöndum; [Ulf. fiands = ὁ ἐχθός; A. S. feond; Engl. fiend; Germ. feind; Swed. fiende; Dan. fjende; the nd indicates the part.; whereas, Engl. foe seems to be formed from the infin.]:—prop. a hater.
1. an enemy, Hkv. 2. 30, 35, Rb. 380; freq. in old poetry, vide Lex. Poët.: in the allit. phrase, sem frændr, en eigi fjándr, as friends, not foes, Ísl. ii. 380: the heathen maxim, gefat þínum fjándum frið, give no truce to thy foes, Hm. 128.
2. [Dan. fanden; Swed. fan], after the introduction of Christianity fjándi came to mean a fiend, the fiend, Bs. i. 452, Niðrst. 4; fjándr en eigi menn, fiends and no men, Fas. ii. 535: Satan, K. Á. 74, Fms. i. 202, Stj. 40; ber þú sjálfr fjánda þinn, carry thy fiend thyself (of a bewitched banner), Nj. 274; fjánda-kraptr, fiendish power, Fms. vii. 295; fjánda-limr, a devil’s limb, viii. 221; fjánda-sonr, a fiend’s son, 656 C. 14; fjánda-villa, a fiendish heresy, Post. 645. 99: in mod. …
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or fjánd-boð, n. a law term, a foe’s bidding, a sham bidding at an auction; ok sé eigi fjándsboð, eigi skal hann at fjándsboði annars hafa, N. G. L. i. 117, cp. Gpl. 292.
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m. a host of enemies, N. G. L. i. 34.
a. fiendish.
adj. (fjánd-liga, adv.), fiendish, fiendishly, Fms. v. 162, Bær. 10, Þorst. hv. 44, Fas. ii. 150.
m. foeman.
m. a foe-man, Lv. 106, Fms. v. 273, Orkn. 224.
n. pl. words of a foe.
n. the words of a foe, invectives, Lv. 39.
f. enmity.
f. enmity, Sturl. iii. 13.
a. hostile, ill-disposed (við e-n).
part. hostile, Fms. xi. 261.
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að, dep. to shew hostility towards, Sks. 337, Orkn. 226.
m. hostilily, enmity, hatred (leggja fjándskap á e-n).
m. hostility, Fms. i. 37, iv. 270, ix. 268, Nj. 49, Hom. 86, 196, Bret. 22. fjándskapar-fullr, adj. hostile, Sturl. iii. 223.
m. spendthrift.
m. a spendthrift, Fms. iii. 83.
m., ~ mikill, a thrifty man.
m., mikill f., a thrifty man, Sturl. i. 225.
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m., góðr, lítill f., a good, bad, manager, Fms. v. 321.
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m. a guardian, 260.
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a, m. a swearing, hverr fjárinn! fjárans karlinn! qs. fé-árr (?), a goblin, over hidden treasures.
m. wealthy man.
m. a wealthy man, Fas. iii. 30.
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m. gryllus, a locust, Fél. x. 226.
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m. a trustee, Grág. i. 282.
from fé, cattle.
vide fé, money.
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m. a share of money, Fas. iii. 198.
f. making money.
f. making money, Fms. x. 305.
m. property.
a, m. stock, Eg. 137, Ld. 88, Fms. xi. 422.
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(-girni), f. greed for money, Nj. 15, Bs. ii. 159, Rb. 424.
f. losing all one’s money.
f. losing all one’s money, Stj. 570, Fms. v. 270.
f. pasture for sheep.
f. pasture for sheep, Vm. 130.
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f. a ‘burrow’ or shieling in which sheep are kept in the east of Icel., vide Eggert Itin. ch. 816.
f. asking for money.
f. begging, Nj. 141.
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u, f. a flock of white sheep.
m. bribery.
m. bribery, Fms. vi. 12.
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a, m. cattle-plague, Ann. 1284.
m. making money.
m. (unfairly) making money, Eg. 71, Fms. vi. 191.
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n. means, Grett. 31 C.
pr. p. wealthy (vel ~).
part. owner of means, Fbr. 19 new Ed.
f. wealth, property.
f. wealth, property, Fms. vii. 33, Ísl. ii. 216.
f. spending of money.
u, f. spending money.
n. booty, plunder (pl. fjárföng).
n. booty, plunder, Sks. 183, Anecd. 30, Fms. ii. 2.
n. money affairs.
n. money affairs, Nj. 40, Fms. ii. 12.
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m. falling of cattle, from plague or starvation, Ann. 1341, Bs. i. 548.
n. administration (management) of one’s money.
n. administration, management of one’s money, Nj. 98, Bs. i. 128, 129.
n. fodder for sheep.
n. fodder, Bs. i. 477.
n. laying out contributions of money.
n. laying out contributions of money, Band. 1.
m. ‘find’ of money.
m. a ‘find’ of money, Fms. vi. 272, Fas. i. 20.
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n. = fjárfóðr. Vápn. 30.
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f. [fóli], stealing cattle, Gþl. 395.
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u, f. and fjár-gangr, m. a sheep-walk, Grág. ii. 304. Jb. 287 A, Ld. 54.
f. tending of sheep and cattle.
u, f. keeping sheep and cattle, Krók. 37.
n. payment.
n. payment, Fms. v. 162.
f. gift of money.
f. a gift of money, Fms. v. 175, v. l.
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a, m. making money, Stj. 176, v. l.
f. tending of sheep and cattle.
(fjár-geymsla), u, f. hoarding money.
u, f. id., Grett. 111 C, Eg. 741.
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a, m. pasture-land, Grett. 115.
m. (management of one’s) money matters.
m. money-matters, Nj. 10, Sd. 176, Bs. i. 854, Sturl. ii. 195.
n.
1) withholding one’s money;
2) administration of one’s money.
n. money affairs, Edda 48; withholding one’s money, Sturl. ii. 22, iii. 292; administration of one’s money, esp. of a minor, Gþl. 222, 259; hence,
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(-heimta and -heimting), f. a claim for money owing one, Eg. 519, Nj. 15, Grág. i. 280 (and Kb. 158).
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f. pl. sheep returning from the mountain pastures.
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m. a shepherd.
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u, f. a money-chest, Fas. iii. 395, Sks. 229, Acts viii. 27.
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m. a lot, share of money, Eg. 182, Sks. 668, Landn. 226, Fms. v. 216, vii. 152, xi. 116.
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m. a shepherd’s dog.
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n. a shed or shieling for sheep.
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n. a bargain, Gþl. 211, v. l.
n. pl. purchase of sheep.
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a, m. the scab on sheep.
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and fjár-hópr, m. a flock.
m. expenses.
m. expenses, Bs. i. 686.
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m. means, Sturl.
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u, f. pecuniary claim, N. G. L. i. 21.
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n. the fixed value of property, D. I. i. 316; a money contract, Grág. i. 226; partnership = fé-lag, Gþl. 257.
n. loan of money.
n. a loan of money, Ísl. ii. 223.
n. loss of money.
n. loss of money, Ísl. ii. 359.
f. rent.
u, f. rent, N. G. L. i. 25, Fms. i. 256.
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m. amount of stock, Gþl. 257, N. G. L. i. 4, K. Á. 82.
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n. valuation of property, Grág. i. 452.
f. = fjárlát.
u, f. (fjár-missir, m.), loss of money, Hom. 111, H. E. i. 561, Grett. 136.
m. pl. property, valuables.
m. pl. property, valuables, Fms. xi. 321, Hkr. iii. 114, Hom. 111.
n. seizure of money, plunder.
n. seizure of money, plunder, Hkv. 1. 11, D. N.
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f. sheeps’-milk, Grág. i. 428, 431.
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f. the cattle-plague.
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fjár-pind, f. extortion, H. E. i. 391, Bs. i. 720.
n. robbery.
f. robbery, cheating for money, Grág., Kb. 224, Ld. 140.
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u, f. money-matters, used chiefly in pl., Glúm. 364, Grág. i. 332, 334, 383, Bjarn. 39, 40, Ld. 212.
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u, f. cheating, plunder, Bjarn. 17.
m. drove of sheep.
m. a drove of sheep, Grág. ii. 228, Sd. 149.
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m. the driving of sheep from the mountain pastures in the autumn, Eg. 741; grazing, Grág. (Kb.) 200.
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m. = fjárauðn, Grett. 159 C.
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m. = færsauðr, sheep, Tristr. (Fr.)
f. fine in money.
f. a fine in money, Lv. 94.
m. treasure.
m. a treasure, Fas. i. 20.
m. loss in money.
a, m. loss in money, Bs. i. 146, Grág. ii. 195.
m. ujust sharing.
a, m. an unjust sharing, Fms. ii. 201.
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n. conditions (as to payment), N. G. L. i. 75.
n. division of property.
n. division of property, heirship, Nj. 22, Sturl. ii. 77.
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f. debt, N. G. L. i. 332.
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f. expenditure, Bs. i. (Laur. S.)
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f. a lawsuit or money claim, Gþl. 475, N. G. L. i. 143, K. Á. 182, cp. N. G. L. i. 14.
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m. a place for money, i. e. an investment, Band. 11, Vápn. 13.
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n. (fjár-taka or fjár-tekja, u, f.), seizure of money, confiscation, Fas. ii. 350, Fms. vii. 209, Grág. i. 188, Sturl. i. 76.
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n. and fjár-tala, u, f. payment to the full amount or to a certain proportion, Bs. i. 287, Grág. i. 335, ii. 250.
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f. loss of money, N. G. L. i. 321.
n. claim for money.
n. a claim for money, Eg. 341.
n. contribution in money.
n. and -tillaga, u, f. a contribution, Fms. xi. 79.
n. loss of money.
n. loss of money, Fms. iii. 12, Sks. 352.
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n., -upptaka, u, f., and -upptekt, f. seizure of one’s property, Band. 10, Fms. xi. 153, Ísl. ii. 146, Sturl. i. 13, Fas. ii. 468.
n. pl. outlay.
n. pl. outlay, Fms. xi. 430.
f.
1) administration (management) of another’s property;
2) = fjárgeymsla.
u, f. management, administration of another’s property, Grág. i. 410, Nj. 4, Landn. 304, Grett. 111.
f. expectation of money.
f. expectancy of money, by inheritance or the like, Grág. i. 410.
a. valuable.
adj. valuable, Fms. x. 417.
f. receipt of money.
u, f. receipt of money, Ísl. ii. 146.
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n. increase of rent or money, Dipl. iii. 14.
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m. and fjár-þurft, f. need of money, H. E. i. 562, Fms. xi. 299, Hkr. iii. 429.
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f. an emptying of one’s purse, H. E. i. 563.
a. needing money.
adj. wanting money, El. 22.
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u, f. a violet, Hjalt. (mod.)
f. hatred; reka e-n fjónum, to persecute; vekja f., to stir up quarrels.
f. [fjá], hatred; an obsolete word, occurs in old prose in the phrase, reka e-n fjónum, to persecute, Ver. 29, Rb. 388; or else in poetry, leggja fjón á e-n, to hate one, Hallfred: in pl., konungs f., the king’s wrath, Ad. 11; vekja f., to stir up quarrels, Sl. 76, vide Lex. Poët.; guð-fjón, an abomination, that which drives the gods away, Fbr. (in a verse): mod. poets use a verb fjóna, að, to hate (Bjarn. 67, 122), probably misled by the corrupt passage in Sl. 27.
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adj. [Germ. vierte; Dan. fjærde], the fourth, Fms. i. 67 (passim).
n. pl. the borders of the fjórðungar 3.
n. pl. the borders of the f., Grág. ii. 323, Landn. 251 (v. l.), 237.
n. division into quarters.
n. a division into quarters.
(-s, -ar), m.
1) the fourth part, quarter;
~ rastar, a distance of about a mile;
2) a weight = ten pounds;
3) in Iceland, one of the Quarters into which the whole land was divided (Austfirðinga, Vestfirðinga, Norðlendinga, Sunnlendinga ~).
m., generally the fourth part, quarter, D. I. i. 470, Grág. i. 144; f. héraðsmanna, N. G. L. i. 352; f. rastar, the fourth part of a mile, Fms. viii. 63; fjórðungr vísu, the fourth part of a verse-system or stanza, = two lines, Edda (Ht.); hence fjórðunga-lok, n. the last quarter of a verse, Fms. vi. 387: a coin (cp. Engl. farthing), N. G. L. iii. ch. 13.
2. a liquid-measure = ten pots or twenty ‘merkr;’ fjórðungs-fata, a vat holding a quarter.
3. a weight = ten pounds or twenty ‘merkr,’ Jb. 375, Grág. Kb. 232, Dipl. iii. 4, Grág. ii. 362: the law allows a person to bequeath the fourth part of his property, this is called fjórðungs-gjöf, f., Gþl. 270, cp. Jb., Dipl. v. 1.
4. the Icel. tithe (tíund) was divided into four shares, each of them called ‘fjórðungr,’—to the poor, bishop, church, and priest, Grág., Tl., passim.
II. in Norway counties were divided into fjórðungar quarters (þriðjungar ridings, sextungar sextants, áttungar octants, etc.), vide D. N.; hence fjórðungs-kirkja, a quarter church, parish church, N. …
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a, m. a Tetrarch, N. T.
m. pl. inhabitants of a Quarter.
m. pl. the inhabitants of a fjórðungr, Grág. Þ. Þ., Landn. 98, Nj. 100.
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f. outlawry, exile from one of the quarters, Bs. ii. 75.
m. a pauper charged to a Quarter.
a, m. a pauper charged to a f., Grág. i. 445.
(fjórar, fjögur), card. numb. four; fjögurra vegna, to the four cardinal points.
num. adj., fem. fjórar, neut. fjögur (fjugur); gen. fjogurra or fjögurra (fjugurra, N. G. L. i. 77, Sks. 173 B), mod. fjögra; dat. fjórum; acc. masc. fjóra, fem. fjórar, neut. fjögur: [Goth. fidvar; A. S. feover; Engl. four; Hel. fivar; O. H. G. fior; Germ. vier; Swed. fyra; Dan. fire; cp. also Lat. quatuor, Gr. τέσσαρες, Aeol. πίσυρες]:—four (passim). fjögra-manna-far, n. a four-oared boat.
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in many compds = fer-, q. v.: fjór-fættr, adj. four-footed; fjor-menningr, m. a fourth cousin, Js. 71, 96, Fms. i. 285, Gþl. 145; fjor-mynntr, part. ‘four-cloven,’ Sks. 394; fjór-nættingr, m., fjór-skeyttr, adj., vide fer-; fjór-skiptr, part. quartered, Stj. 148.
card. numb. fourteen.
card. numb., [older form fjögr-tán or fjugr-tán, B. K. 9, 60, 62, 125, Sks. 179 B]:—fourteen (passim). fjórtán-sessa, u, f. a ship with fourteen oars, Fms. ix. 408, v. l.
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ord. numb., [older form fjögr-tándi or fjugr-tándi, N. G. L. i. 49, 348, 350; fjogr-tándi, Fms. x. 398]:—fourteenth.
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the fortieth, Dipl. ii. 15.
n. cow-house, byre; vera í fjósi, to attend to the cows.
1. n., contr. form = fé-hús = ‘cow-house,’ [Norse fjös; the contracted form is usual even in the earliest writers]:—a cow-house, byre, stall, Ld. 98, Gísl. 28 sqq., Dropl. 28, Njarð. 368, Sturl. ii. 43, iii. 54, Fms. ix. 508; vera í fjósi, or fara í fjós, to attend to the cows.
COMPDS: fjós-dyr, fjós-haugr, fjós-hlaða, fjós-hurð, fjós-reka, fjós-veggr, etc., the door, mound, barn, hurdle, spade, wall, etc. of a fjós. fjós-gata, u, f. the byre-path, Landn. 51. Fjósa-karlar, m. pl. the ‘byre-carles,’ the three stars in the sword of Orion. fjósa-kona, u, f. a byre-maid, Landn. (Hb.) 51: fjósa-konur, the ‘byre-maids,’ the three stars in the belt of Orion, because the dairy-work is in the winter months (Dec., Jan.) fixed by the rising of these stars. fjósa-verk, n. ‘byre work,’ attendance on the cows, Nj. 185, v. l.
2. mod. þjós, f. the carcase of a whale, Grág. ii. 360, 372, Jb. 310 B (passim).
m. drifting snow-storm.
n. [cp. Engl. fog], a snow-storm: allit., frost ok fjúk, Fbr. 23; fjúk ok drifa, Bs. i. 158; fjúk var úti, 672; í fjúki, Landn. 235; stormr með fjúki, Fas. ii. 74: in swearing, fái þat fjúk, a ‘fjúk’ upon it.
(fýk; fauk, fukum; fokinn), v.
1) to be drifted (tossed, blown) by the wind; tók þá at f., it began to snow and drift; var fjókanda veðr, there was a (drifting) snow-storm; nú er fokit í flest skjól, now most places of shelter are snowed up; no refuge is left;
2) fig. to fly off (fauk at höfuðið); láta ~ í kveðlingum, to let satiric verses fly.
pret. fauk, 2nd pers. faukt, mod. faukst, pl. fuku; pres. fýk, pl. fjúkum; pret. subj. fyki; part. fokinn; sup. fokit: [Swed. fyka; Dan. fyga]:—to be driven on, tossed by the wind, of snow, dust, spray, or the like: allit., fjúka sem fys, as chaff; mold er fýkr, 623. 25; axhelmur þær sem fjúka … ef nokkut fýkr frá oss, Stj. 422: of snow, tók þá at f., it began to snow, Grett. 111; var fjúkanda veðr, there was a snow-storm, 144: hafði fokit yfir öndverðan vetr, they had been buried (had perished) in the snow, Glúm. 341; hence the metaph. phrase, nú er fokið í flest skjól, now all places of shelter are filled with snow, no refuge left, Gísl. 63, Nj. 258; útvegar Háreks eru foknir, all H.’s outgoings are stopped, Fms. xi. 423; sýndisk þeim sem eldr fyki um alla gluggana, of embers, Bs. i. 7; fauk svá sandrinn, at …, of the ashes from a volcano, 804, (sand-fok, a drift of sand or ashes.)
2. metaph. to fly off; fauk af höfuðit, Nj. 97, Ld. 291; fuku tennrnar ór Búa. Fms. xi. 139; láta fjúka í kveðlingum, to reply with sarcastic, extemporised ditties, Grett. 94.
m. drifting snow.
n. a snow-drift, Sturl. i. 155 C.
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u, f. a floating rumour, Bret.
n. snow-storm.
n. a snow-storm, Sturl. ii. 31.
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and compds, vide fjarri, farther off.
(gen. fjaðrar, pl. fjaðrar), f.
1) feather, quill; draga f. um e-t, to slur over a thing;
2) fin or tail of a fish;
3) blade of a spear.
gen. fjaðrar; old pl. fjaðrar, later fjaðrir; dat. fjöðrum: [A. S. feðer; Engl. feather; Germ. feder; Gr. πτερόν]
1. a feather, it may be used of either the plume or the quill, but usually a distinction is made between fiðri or fiðr, plumage, and fjaðrar, quills; væng-fjöðr, a wing-feather; stél-fjöðr, a tail-feather; dynja hana fjaðrar, Bm. 1; hár ok fjaðrar, Edda (pref.); plokkaði af fjaðrarnar, 77: phrases and sayings, það er ekki fjöðr af fati þínu, ‘tis no feather of thy gear, thou needst not be proud of it, cp. Aesop’s fable; verðr hverr að fljúga sem hann er fjaðraðr, every one must fly as he is feathered; draga fjöðr um e-t, to slur over a thing (vide draga), Fms. vii. 20: cp. the proverb in Rafns S. Bs. i. 647,—lítið er nef várt, en breiðar fjaðrar, our neb is small, but the feathers large, perhaps somewhat corrupt in the text, being taken from some fable about birds; the sense seems to be something like the Fr. ‘l’homme propose, Dieu dispose.’
2. metaph. of feather-formed things,
α. the blade of a spear, Eg. 285, Stj. 461, Ld. …
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fjogurtándi, older form, = fjórtan.
(gen. fjalar, pl. fjalar, fjalir), f. deal, board.
f., gen. fjalar, old pl. fjalar, later fjalir, a deal, thin board, Fms. vi. 15, 281, x. 404: metaph. of snow shoes, Sks. 81 B: so in the proverb, það er ekki við eina fjöl fellt, ‘tis not joined with a single deal, ‘tis no plain matter, Mag. 86; or, hann er ekki við eina fjöl felldr, i. e. fit for many things; fóta-fjöl, a foot-board; höfða-fjöl, the head-board of a bed; rúm-fjöl, the side-board of a bed; gafl-fjöl, the barge-board in a gable, etc.
COMPDS: fjalabrú, fjalahlass, fjalaköttr, fjalastóll.
m. multitude; f. manna, skipa, a great number of men, ships.
and fjölði, a, m. multitude, Fms. i. 37, Eg. 74, 79, Nj. 8; fjöldi manna = fjölmenni, N. G. L. i. 30.
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f. = fjöldi, a multitude, Fms. ii. 199, Róm. 383: esp. in poetry, with gen. a plenty of, Höfuðl. 16, Am. 8. 92, Gs. 5, Þkv. 23, Skv. 3. 2, Gh. 18: used as adv. [Germ. viel], much, Vþm. 3, passim, Hm. 17, 73, Sdm. 30.
(að), v. to make more numerous; impers., ~r e-t, and refl., ~st, to become numerous, increase in number.
að, to make to increase, Sturl. iii. 242: impers., Fas. i. 73.
2. to become numerous, Edda (pref.)
β. reflex., Fas. iii. 10, Stj. 21.
f. increase in number.
f. increase in number, Fms. v. 276.
a. mountainous.
adj. mountainous, Fb. i. 431, Stj. 94.
used as a prefix, much, manifold.
[akin to Gr. πολύς; Ulf. filu = πολύς; A. S. fela; O. H. G. filu; Germ. viel; lost in Engl. and mod. Dan.; in Icel. freq., esp. as a prefix in poetry, but never used as an independent adj.]:—much, manifold.
I. in a bad sense: fjöl-beiðni, f. begging, intruding, Al. 91. fjöl-breytinn, adj. false, whimsical, Edda 18. fjöl-kunnigr (fjöl-kundr, Barl. passim), adj. [kunna], skilled in the black art, Grett. 150, 153, Eg. 119, 179, Nj. 17, 272, Fms. i. 18, ii. 134, Hm. 114, passim. fjöl-kyngi (fjöl-kyndi, Barl. passim), f. the black art, witchcraft, Fms. i. 10, Korm. 222, Landn. 84, Grett. 151, Rb. 408, Stj. 647; galdrar ok fjölkyngi, K. Þ. K. 76, Grett. 155, etc., passim; fjölkyngis-bækr, f. pl. magical books, Post. 645. 61; fjölkyngis-fólk, n. wizard-folk, Hkr. i. 267; fjölkyngis-íþrótt, f. magic art, 623. 31, Fms. x. 307; fjölkyngis-kona, u, f. a sorceress, Fas. ii. 273; fjölkyngis-liga, adv. (-ligr, adj. …
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a, m. the sea-snipe, tringa maritima, so called from its wailing note, Edda (Gl.); hence fjölmóða-víl, n. pitiful wailing, vide Ísl. Þjóðs. pref. p. xi.
(dat. fjörvi), n. life; eiga fótum fjör at launa, to make the heels save the head.
n., dat. fjörvi, mod. fjöri, [Ulf. renders κόσμος by fairvus; A. S. feorh, pl. feoru = life; Hel. firah; obsolete in Engl., Germ., Swed., and Dan.]:—life, Vsp. 33; með fjörvi, 623. 49: esp. freq. in allit. phrases, eiga fótum fjör at launa; fjör ok fé, Fms. iv. 77, Grág. ii. 21, Sl. 1; frekr er hver til fjörsins, Þorst. St. 54, Nj. 124; allt er fjörvi firr, Ld. 266.
2. in poetry it seems to be used of the vital parts, the body; fleinn hitti fjör, Höfuðl. 9, Hm. 7, Vellekla Hkr. i. 175, Gh. 18, Skm. 20; cp. Germ. leib, leben, and the Goth. and A. S. sense of this word.
3. in mod. usage freq. in the sense of vitality, vigour, energy, spirits; thus, fjör-fiskr, m., vide fiskr: fjör-kálfr, m. one bounding with life as a young calf,—hann er mesti fjörkálfr; vera með fullu fjöri, to be in the full vigour of life; fjör-lauss, adj. life-less, listless: fjör-maðr, m. a vigorous man: fjör-mikill, adj. full of life.
II. in poetry fjör is used in a great many compds, chiefly those denoting loss of life, death, e. …
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f. penalty of f., = fjörbaugs-garðr, Grág. Þ. Þ. ch. 40.
f. a case involving this.
f. a case liable to fjörbaugr, Eg. 723, Nj. 164, Grág. i. 90.
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or fjorð, adv. [early Germ. fert, used by Luther, but obsolete in mod. Germ.; Swed. and Dan. fjord; cp. Sansk. parut]:—the past year; in Icel. this word is obsolete, and scarcely ever occurs in old prose writers; but the mod. ‘í fyrra’ is derived or corrupted from an older phrase ‘í fjörð,’ which is still used all over the Scandin. continent; in D. N. ‘í fjörð’ repeatedly occurs, cp. Fr.; the ‘fjörð’ in the following passages—Hkr. i. 186, Fms. ii. 328, vi. 88, Fs. 95 (Hallfred), all of them poems of the 10th and 11th centuries—is doubtless to be taken in this sense; and the explanation given in Lex. Pool., s. v. fjörð and following, cannot be right.
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a, m. one who has dwelt for a year in a place, N. G. L. i. 201.
(gen. fjarðar, dat. fjarðar; pl. firðir, acc. fjörðu), m. firth, inlet.
m., gen. fjarðar; dat. firði; pl. firðir, gen. fjarða: acc. fjörðu, mod. firði: [Swed.-Dan. fjord; North. E. and Scot. firth, frith; Engl. ford is a kindred word, but not identical]:—a firth, bay, a Scandin. word; but a small crescent-formed inlet or creek is called vík, and is less than fjörðr, hence the saying, fjörðr milli frænda, en vík milli vina, let there be a firth between kinsmen, but a creek between friends, denoting that kinship is not always so trustworthy as friendship: the allit. phrase, fjall ok fjörðr, vide fjall; freq. in Icel. and Scandin. local names combined with some other word expressing the shape, etc., Breiði-f., Mjófi-f., Djúpi-f., Grunni-f., Eyja-f., Lima-f. or Eylíma-f., Arnar-f., Alpta-f., Vatns-f., etc. In Icel. and old Scandin. countries the shore districts are freq. divided into counties, bearing the name of the firth, just as the inland is divided into dales; thus Eyja-f. and Skaga-f. denote both the firth and the county bordering on the firth. The western and eastern parts of Icel. are called Vest-firðir and Aust-firðir; in Norway a county is called Firðir; cp. Rb. 324 sqq., where over a hundred names of Icel. fjords are recorded, Landn. …
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adj. a year old, D. N.
(gen. -jar), f. Mother-earth, mother of Thor.
f. [Goth. fairguni = a mountain], Mother-earth, Edda.
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m. a kind of tree, the fir (?), Edda (Gl.)
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f. a case of fjörráð, Sturl. ii. 152.
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(fjörs-maðr, Fagrsk. 181), m. a traitor against one’s life.
n. a suit for fjörráð.
n. a suit for fjörráð, Eb. 129.
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n. = fjörráð, Matth. x. 21.
m. a kind of fish.
m. [Norse fjærsing], a fish, draco marinus, Edda (Gl.); arfr fjörsunga, the heirloom of dragons, a hoard, cp. Fáfnis arfr, Hkv. 2. 23.
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adj. full of life, sprightly, (mod.)
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n. the sea-board, the breadth of the fjara, metaph. from a cup, cp. the mythical tale in Edda l. c.
n. the gravel (pebbles) on the beach.
n. the gravel on the beach, Fms. ii. 93, Fas. ii. 112.
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n. pl., botan. a kind of sea-weed, opp. to fjallagrös.
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(fjöru-kúfungr), m. a kind of snail.
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m. a kind of worm used for bait.
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m. the owner of the shore, Grág. ii. 367, Jb. 318.
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n. the land-marks on the shore, Jb. 320, Dipl. ii. 5, Grág. ii. 361.
n.
1) low-water mark;
2) foreshore, beach.
n. the rim of the shore between the flood line and the ebb, more usually flæðarmál, Sturl. ii. 35, v. l.
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f. pl. used of drift-timber, dead whales, sea-weed, or the like, Engl. jetsum, Vm. 75, 80.
m. pebble.
m. shingle on the beach, Bs. i. 506:—mark stones, shewing the tide is so far out as to leave a way along the beach, 656 C. 31.
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m. a piece of strand or strand right belonging to a farm, Dipl. iii. 11.
m. ‘life-money’.
m. ‘life-money,’ a law term, a fee amounting to a mark, to be paid by a convict of the lesser degree to the executive court (féránsdómr); and if this was not paid, the convict was henceforth a full outlaw::—hence the convict is called fjörbaugs-maðr and the lesser outlawry or conviction fjörbaugs-garðr, m., because within a fixed space (garðr), the convict was safe, having paid the life-money, vide esp. Grág. Þ. Þ. ch. 32 sqq., ch. 40, Nj. 240, and the Sagas and laws passim. In two passages, viz. Flóam. S. ch. 10 and Glúma ch. 24, fjörbaugsgarðr is used in the same sense as þing-helgi, q. v., viz. of the sacred boundary of a meeting, regarded by the heathens as a sanctuary, cp. Eb. ch. 4 fine; in the Edit. of Flóam. S. the passage ‘til Lóns’ is false, the probable reading being ‘til Lopz,’ i. e. Lopts; in the old MS. Vatnshyrna the shank of the p was prob. obliterated so as to make it look like n, and so one transcriber read ‘Lóns,’ another ‘Jóns;’ the reading ‘Lopts’ is born out by the historical context, cp. also Landn. 5, ch. 8; the word fjörbaugr is diffusely commented on in H. E. i. 137 sqq.
COMPDS: fjörbaugssekt, fjörbaugssök. …
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n, f. a lovely smile; sumir menn mæla at móðir þín sé engi f., some people say that thy mother is no f., Mirm. 69.
n. pl. death-struggle (ligga, vera, í ~um).
n. pl. the death-struggle, esp. of wild beasts, Fær. 49, Fm. 21, Bs. i. 345: Norse, a taking of life, manslaughter, N. G. L. i. 156.
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adj. stone-old, (mod.); cp. fjörðgamall.
m. one who saves anothers life.
a, m. one who saves another’s life, = lífgjafi, Al. 98, Mork. 109.
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n. pl. truce for one’s life, Grág. ii. 21.
m. loss of life, death; verða e-m at fjörlesti, to cause one’s death.
m. loss of life, Grág. i. 187, Fms. xi. 135; used in the phrase, verða e-m að fjörlesti, to cause one’s death, Gísl. 62.
n. plotting against one’s life.
n. a law term, a plotting against one’s life (cp. Germ. verrathen), Grág. ii. 116, Al. 127.
COMPDS: fjörráðasök, fjörráðsmaðr, fjörráðsmál.
a. dangerousiy ill.
adj. sick unto death, Og. 9.
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a, m. ‘life-scathe,’ injury to one’s life, N. G. L. i. 169.
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f. a plot against one’s life, N. G. L. i. 34.
(að), v. to fetter; f., hest, to hobble a horse.
að, to fetter, Eg. 239, Nj. 136, Fms. iv. 264, vi. 378; fjötra hest, to hobble a horse, Glúm. 378, = mod. hepta (q. v.)
f. a hole in a sledge through which the strap goes.
f. the holes in a sledge through which the straps go, Eb. 190.
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n. pl. the fragments of a fetter, Fms. xi. 290.
(gen. fjöturs and fjötrar, pl. fjötrar), m.
1) fetter, shackle (setja e-n í fjötur);
2) the straps of a sledge (sleða-fjötrar).
m., dat. fjötri, pl. fjötrar; [A. S. fetor; Engl. fetter; Germ. fesser; cp. Lat. com-ped-is]:—a fetter of iron, a shackle; sprettr mér af fótum fjöturr en af höndum hapt, Hm. 150; fjöturr á fótum, Fms. iv. 15; fjötur allsterkan, annan fjötur, Edda 19; fjöturr af hinu sterkasta stáli, Fms. x. 172, Hom. 118, 119; sitja í fjötri, Fms. ii. 12; sitja í fjötrum, id.; þeir brutu af sér fjötrana, Nj. 136.
β. metaph., sleða-fjötrar, the straps of a sledge, Sdm. 15: the straps on a smith’s bellows, Vkv. 22, 32.
COMPDS: fjötrabrot, fjötrarrauf.
a. unfettered.
adj. unfettered, Fms. xi. 226.
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m. a fetter lock (for a door), Fms. viii. 341, v. l.
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n. low flattery, fawning.
(að), v. to fawn (~ at e-m).
að, to fawn; f. at e-m, to fawn on one, Fas. iii. 282 (mod. flaðra upp á e-n). flaðrari, a, m. a fawner, [cp. Germ. and Engl. flatter.]
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n. [Engl. flaw], the spot where a turf has been cut out; mó-flag, moldar-flag, freq.:—so also flaga, n, f. a flag or slab of stone. Bs. i. 609, cp. Fms. viii. 320. In the East Angl. counties of Engl. flag is still used of turf as well as stone.
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1. a, m. a loose person, an impostor.
2. prep. a flayer, knacker; cp. Ivar Aasen flagar.
n. female monster, ogress, giantess; opt eru flögð í fögru skinni, oft lurks a witch under a fair skin.
n., pl. flögð, an ogre, giantess, Fas. i. 59. Fms. iii. 122, 125, 133, xi. 136, Bs. i. 468: the saying, opt eru flögð í fögru skinni, oft is a witch under a fair skin, Eb. 46: demons = tröll, Hkr. iii. 299 (in a verse), Fas. iii. 35 (in a verse).
COMPDS: flagðaháttr, flagðalag.
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m. a kind of metre, Edda (Ht.) 34.
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id., Ht. R. 32.
f. ogress = tröllkona.
u, f. a giantess, Fas. ii. 518, iii. 560, Gullþ. 20.
(að), v. to flake (scale) off.
að, to flake off, as skin or slough. Bs. i. 618.
n. cartilage of the breastbone.
n. the cartilage of the breast-bone, Edda 76, Bs. i. 378.
f. slice cut.
u, f. a slice, cut, Ísl. ii. 32.
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n. a wreck, in skips-flak.
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n. the hood of a cap; ok saumat flökin at höfði hennar, Sturl. ii. 77 C, (Ed. flókinn); hence flaka-ólpa, u, f. a cap with a hood or flap, Sturl. l. c.
β. the flapper or fin, e. g. of a halibut.
(-ta, -t), v. to gape, esp. of wounds (f. sundr af sárum).
ð, to gape, esp. of wounds; f. sundr af sárum, Fas. iii. 485; flakti frá síðan, ii. 139.
β. to flap, be loose, of garments etc.
m. wicker-work shield (for defence in battle).
and fleki, a, m. a ‘flake,’ esp. a hurdle or shield wicker-work, used for defence in battle, Fms. ix. 30 (v. l.), 421, Hkr. ii. 11, Sks. 416 B.
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n. a roving, roaming about.
(að), v. to rove about (as a beggar).
að, to rove about as a beggar, Fas. ii. 228, Fms. viii. 240, Sturl. i. 70 (MS.): metaph., Vápn. 4.
(að), v. to flake off, split.
að, to flake off, split, Fms. viii. 380, v. l.
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að, to hang loose.
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n. a rushing; feigðar-flan, ‘mad-rush’ (a saying).
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að, to rush heedlessly.
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a, m. a coaxer, fawner; hence flangsast, dep. to fawn and coax.
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að, to fawn, of a dog; f. uppá e-n, (mod.)
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a, m. a giddy person.
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u, f. an adulteress, one who runs away from her wedded husband, a law term, N. G. L. i. 28.
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n. = face; in the phrase, reka það framan í flasið á e-m, to throw it rudely in one’s face; or það kom rétt framan í flasið á honum! (mod.)
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n. and flas-fengni, f. a headlong rushing.
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að, to rush, cp. Germ. flatschen.
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1. að, to split, in the popular phrase, flaska á skeri, to split on a skerry or rock, of a ship, cp. Grett. 148 (in a verse).
2. u, f. [a word prob. of Byzantine origin, from Gr. φλάσκη, φλάσκιον; Dan. and Swed. flaska or flaske; Germ. flasche; Engl. flask; Ital. fiasco; Span. flasco; Fr. flacon; cp. Du Cange s. v. flasco and flasca]:—a flask; but it must be old, as flösku-skegg, n. bottle-beard, occurs in Landn. as a nickname of an uncle of the old Njal.; flösku-bakr, m. bottle-back, which occurs as a nickname in Grett., cp. Landn.
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a, m. a flaw in timber or the like.
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u, f. a plain, Lat. planities; cp. Engl. flats, as in the Essex flats etc.
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m. a flat fish, Mk. 53.
a.
1) flat, level (um slétta dali ok flata völlu); f. fiskr, flat fish, halibut;
2) flat, prostrate (falla f., kasta ser flötum niðr); draga e-n flatan, to drag one flat on the ground;
3) of the flat side of a thing; bregða flötu sverðinu, to turn the sword flat; stýra á flatt skip e-s, to steer on the broad side of another’s ship;
4) neut. flatt, as a., fara f. fyrir e-m, to fare ill, be worsted.
adj., fem. flöt, neut. flatt; [Engl. and Swed. flat; Dan. flad; Germ. platt]:—flat, level, of land; slétta dala ok flata völlu, Sks. 629: of other things, flatt skjaldþili, Eg. 233; flattr fiskr, a flat fish, Edda 35, Fs. 129, Bs. ii. 179.
β. flat; falla flatr, Sturl. i. 85, Hkr. i. 38; draga e-n flatan, to drag one flat on the ground, Nj. 247; kasfa sér flötum niðr, to throw oneself down flat, Fas. i. 53.
γ. or the flank of a thing, the phrases, stýra á flatt, to steer on the flank (side) of another ship, Korm. 230, Fas. ii. 523; bregða flötu sverði, to deal a blow with the flat of a blade, Fms. vii. 157; öxin snerisk flöt, the axe turned so as to strike flat, Grett. 151; bregða við flötum skildi, Nj. 262: metaph., fara flatt fyrir e-m, to fare ill, be worsted, metaphor from a ship, Sturl. iii. 233, Fms. vi. 379; koma flatt upp á e-n, to come ‘flat’ on one, take one by surprise. flata-fold, f. a flat-field, Bs. ii. 69.
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u, f. a flat-bottomed boat, a barge, Jm. 1.
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adj. flat; flat-liga, adv. flatly, Bs. ii. 129.
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að, to bask in the sun, lie as a dog, (cant.)
a. flat-nosed (a nickname).
adj. flat-nebbed, Lat. simus, a nickname, Landn.
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f. sailing with a side wind.
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m. = Lat. pelta, Stj. 572. 1 Kings x. 16, 17.
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n. things wrought flat with a plane or hammer, Grág. i. 504.
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n. an eddy coming on the side of a ship.
f. bed made on the floor, shakedown.
f. a bed made on the floor, Fær. 259.
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(proncd. flassæri), n. a flat wound, as from a blister.
m. flat side (telgja flatveg á tré).
m. the flat, broad side, Grett. 151; opp. to an edge.
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m. flat timber, planks, boards, Gþl. 455.
I) f.
1) flying, flight (taka ~ sem fuglar);
allt er á för ok ~um, in a commotion;
2) vane.
II) from fljúga.
f. [fljúga], flying, flight, Sks. 114 B; fugla f., 655 B. 3; fugl á flaug (mod. fugl á flugi), Sks. 81; þessi f., Hem. 40; hefja flaug, Hom. 142: metaph., Am. 23, Sks. 423 B: the phrase, vera á för ok flaugum, to be unsteady and fluttering, Nj. 196.
II. [Dan. flöj], a vane, Bs. i. 422, ii. 50, Edda (Gl.); hence flaugar-skegg, n. the edge or tail of the vane.
m. eddy, violent stream.
Norse flom, read flaum, see Ivar Aasen.
m. eddy, violent stream.
m. [Norse flom; A. S. fleam; Dutch. fleem]
1. an eddy, Bs. ii. 5: poët. the din of battle, hildar f., göndlar f., Lex. Poët.
2. metaph. a bevy, crowd; kvenna f., a bevy of ladies, Fs. (Hallfred): in the phrase, nema e-n flaumi, to bereave one of company and glee, Jd. 5, Ísl. ii. 252 (in a verse); flaums felli-dómr, the hasty judgment of a crowd, (Sighvat).
COMPDS: flaumsemi, flaumslit.
a. rushing heedlessly on.
(mod. flumósa), adj. rushing heedlessly on, metaph. from the sudden swelling of a torrent, Gísl. 30, Fs. 30.
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f. flimsiness, Mar.
n. pl. breach of friendship.
n. pl. a forsaking one, abandonment, Hm. 122.
n. poet. ship.
n. [akin to fley], poët. a ship, Lex. Poët. passim.
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n. fluster, hurry; flaustra, að, with dat. to be flustered.
f. pl. a kind of whipped milk.
f. pl. [A. S. flet; Dan. flöde = cream], a kind of whipped milk, Sturl. iii. 16, 31.
I)
(flæ; fló, flógum; fleginn), v.
1) to flay (~ belg, húð af e-m);
~ e-n kvikan, to flay alive;
2) to strip;
~ e-n af or ór klæðum, to strip one of his clothes;
~ e-n at gripum, to strip one for his money.
II)
(pl. flár), f. float of a net.
f. the float or quill of a net, Jb. 317, Grág. ii. 358: metaph. strips of meadow land = fit, Róm. 310.
I)
(flæ; fló, flógum; fleginn), v.
1) to flay (~ belg, húð af e-m);
~ e-n kvikan, to flay alive;
2) to strip;
~ e-n af or ór klæðum, to strip one of his clothes;
~ e-n at gripum, to strip one for his money.
II)
(pl. flár), f. float of a net.
pres. flæ,; pret. fló, pl. flógu or flóu; part. fleginn; [akin to flag]:—to flay, Finnb. 250; ok flóu af skinn, Sd. 154; áðr enn flái húð af, Gþl. 502; öll húð af honum sem flegin væri, Fms. vii. 227, Edda 72; flegnir, 28; flá e-n kvikan, Fms. viii. 227: the saying, þar er ekki feitan gölt að flá: metaph. to strip, flá e-n at gripum, to strip one for one’s money, Bjarn. 16: síðan flógu þeir hann ór klæðum, stripped him, Fms. vii. 352; þá flógu þeir þá ór fötum, 623. 33: also with acc. of the thing, hann fló af sér yfir-klæði sitt, stripped his over-garment off him, Sturl. ii. 231 C: reflex., flæzk hann ór kyrtlinum, he pulled the cloak off, Bs. i. 442.
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a, m. flat moors, moor-land; fúa-f., móa-f., etc.
(flá, flátt), a. false, deceitful;mæla fagrt, en hyggja flátt, to speak fair, but think false.
fem. flá, neut. flátt, compar. flári, superl. flástr, prop. gaping; flár saumr, a loose ill-stitched seam.
2. metaph. in the saving, mæla fagrt, en hyggja flátt, to speak fair, but think false, Fms. ii. 91, Hm. 90, Bjarn. 21, Al. 102.
n. deceit, fraud.
and flá-ræði, n. falsehood, Boll. 348, Fms. x. 390. Sks. 618.
a. false, deceitful.
adj. false, deceitful, Fas. i. 23, Hm. 119.
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u, f. a sleek, bland person. fleðu-ligr, adj. bland.
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u, f. = flagð, a giantess.
(-s, -ar), m.
1) pike;
2) fluke, of an anchor (akkeris-~);
3) dart, shaft (fljúgandi ~).
m. [A. S. flán], a bayonet-like pike, Fms. iii. 224, Sks. 394, cp. Grett. 141.
β. the fluke of an anchor, Nj. 42, Orkn. 362; vide akkeris-fleinn.
2. a kind of shaft, a dart, = A. S. flán, Höfuðl. 10, 13, Rm. 32, Fms. i. 45, cp. Hkr. i. 159, Hm. 85, 151; hence poët. flein-drífa, u, f. a drift or shower of shafts; flein-stökkvandi and flein-varpaðr, m. epithets of archers.
3. a pr. name, Landn.; hence Fleins-háttr, m. a metre attributed to an old poet of that name, Edda (Ht.)
n. babble, tattle.
n. babble, tattle, Mag. 56.
(að), v. to babble, prattle.
or fleipa, að, to babble, prattle, Gísl. 98, Ísl. ii. 151, Grett. 148 B, Fas. ii. 507.
a. compar.,
1) more;
fleira lið, more troops;
neut., fleira, more things (ekki sagði hann honum fleira);
with gen., fleira manna, more people (cfr. ‘margt manna’);
pl., hinir vóru þó miklu ~, more numerous;
2) more communicatlive, hearty; hann gerðist við hann ~ ok ~, more and more intimate.
compar., and FLESTR, superl., (fleirstr is a bad form, freq. in books of the 18th century), [cp. Lat. plerique, plūres; Gr. πλειστοι, πλείονες; Dan. flere, flest; Ulf. uses managistr = πλειστος and managiza = πλείων; vide margr]:—more, most; sex dómendr eða fleiri, Grág. i. 37; eru þeir fleiri er þat sanna, Fms. x. 275; hinir vóru þó miklu fleiri (more numerous), Ld. 170; ef hann þarf fleiri bjargkviðu, Grág. i. 55; á því vígi eigi fleirum mönnum á hendr at lýsa, ii. 34; vil ek heyra fleiri manna órskurð, Fms. i. 42: neut. fleira, more, féll miklu fleira lið hans, 121: with gen., hafði hann nokkuru fleira manna, Eg. 77, Bs. ii. 167; fleira barna, Fs. 75; ekki sagði hann þessum manni fleira, Fms. i. 145.
β. metaph. more communicative, hearty, cp. fár and margr; er nú fleira í frændsemi með þeim, Band. 20 new Ed.; hann görðisk við hann fleiri ok fleiri, more and more intimate, Finnb. ch. 7; fannsk mér þá ok æ síðan fleira til hans, i. e. I liked him then and better ever since, Fms. i. 141: in the sense of more, er fleira drekkr, the more he drinks, Hm. 12; …
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að, with acc. to deceive, beguile.
m. = flaki.
a, m. = flaki, Fms. v. 167, viii. 429, ix. 30, 421, v. l., Sks. 417.
(að), v. to slain, pollute.
u, f. a kind of chequered jacket, Sturl. ii. 218: a fleck, spot, in flekku-sótt f. scarlet fever, Fél. ix.
(að), v. to slain, pollute.
að, to fleck, stain, pollute, 655 xxxii. 4, Magn. 474: reflex., H. E. i. 476, Stj. 142.
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f. pollution, 655 xxxii. 3, Stj.
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að, to rake the hay into rows for drying.
(-s, -ir), m. fleck, spot, stain.
m., pl. flekkir, gen. flekkja, a fleck, spot, Stj. 124, Fms. x. 332, Nj. 68, Fb. i. 258: metaph. a blot, stain, Þorst. St. 51, H. E. i. 505; blóð-f., q. v.; án flekk, sine contaminatione, Mar.
2. a row of hay spread out for drying.
a. unspotted, immaculate (fœddr af flekklausri mey).
adj. unspotted, eccl., 625. 70, 183, Stj. 49.
a. flecked, spotted.
adj. flecked, spotted, of sheep, dogs, cattle (skjóttr, of horses), Stj. 98, 177, 178, Rb. 354; flekkótt hekla, Landn. 319, v. l.; rauð-f., svart-f., blá-f., etc., red-, black-, blue-flecked, etc.
f. scourging (= húðstroka).
f. whipping, Grett. 135.
(-da, -dr), v. to scourge.
d, to whip, Fas. iii. 312: to ride furiously, (mod.)
(-ta, -tr), v. to set wide open.
1. t, to put wide open (cant word), Eg. 305, v. l., Fb. iii. 335, 427.
2. u, f. [flanni], a gadding, giddy woman.
a. with distended eyelids, open-eyed.
adj. having wide-staring eyes, Fb. i. 276.
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n. kissing, licking, coaxing; kossa-flens, kissing and coaxing.
(að), v. to kiss (?).
að, [Germ. flansen], to kiss, lick (cant word), Fms. vi. 359, cp. Mork. 75, where it is spelt flenssa: of an ox, Fas. iii. 500.
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adj. [Scot. flypin], crest-fallen.
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f., pl. flesjar, [cp. flas, flaska], a green spot among bare fells and mountains, Edda 52 (in a verse), Þd. 12.
n. pork, ham, or bacon.
(fleski, Rm. l. c.), n. [A. S. flæsc; Engl. flesh; Germ. fleisch; not in Ulf.; in Icel. and all northern languages kjöt (Swed. kött, Dan. kjöd) is the common word, and flesk is only used of pork or bacon; Dan. flæsk; Swed. fläsk]:—pork, esp. ham and bacon, often used in pl.; fán fleski, Rm. 29; fleska bezt, Gm. 18; forn fleski, Snót 226; brauð ok lítið fleski, Bs. i. 819; galtar flesk, Edda 23; hveiti ok flesk, Fms. vi. 263: a dish of kale and bacon was a dainty, hence the saving, drepa fleski í kál, to dip bacon into kale, Fas. iii. 381; e-m fellr flesk í kál, the bacon drops into one’s kale, cp. the Engl. ‘roasted larks flying into one’s mouth;’ honum þótti, ef þetta prófaðisk satt, náliga flesk fallit í kál sitt, Bs. i. 717; feitt flesk féll þér í kál (Ed. ketil wrongly), ef þú kannt at súpa, Fms. xi. 348.
COMPD: fleskisneið.
f. slice of bacon.
n. a cut or slice of bacon, Finnb. 212, v. l., Fms. iii. 112.
(gen. pl. fletja), n. the raised flooring along the side walls of a hall (to sit or lie on) together with the benches thereon. Also in pl.
n. [cp. Scot. and Engl. flat = a story of a house; Dan. fled in fled-föring; A. S. flett = aula; O. H. G. flazi; Hel. fletti = coenaculum, domus; mod. provinc. Germ. fletz]:—a set of rooms or benches, and hence metaph. the house itself; often in pl., chiefly used in poetry and in law.
1. rooms; flet fagrlig, Vtkv. 6; sitja á fleti fyrir, Hm. 1; ef lengi sitr annars fletjum á, 34; flets strá, rooms strewed with straw, Ls. 46; setjask miðra fletja, to be seated in the middle, Rm. 4; vaxa upp á fletjum, 34; láttu á flet vaða gull-skálir, let the golden goblets go round the benches (as the Engl. loving cup), Akv. 10; stýra fletjum, to dwell, keep house, Helr. 10; bera hrör af fletjum, Scot. to lift and carry a body out of the house, to bury, Stor. 4; um flet ok um bekki, Fas. ii. 164.
2. in law phrases, a house; setja hann niðr bundinn á flet sýslu-manns, to place him bound in the bailiff’s house, Gþl. 147, cp. 534; þá skulu þeir hafa vitni til, ok setja þann mann bundinn á flet hans, N. G. L. i. 162, of compulsory alimentation, cp. …
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(flet, flatta, flattr), v. to make flat, cut open (~ þorsk);
refl., ~st, to stretch oneself, lie flat on the ground.
flatti; pres. flet; part. flattr:—to cut open; þorskr flattr, dried cod, stock fish, Grág. ii. 354 B, Jb. 317: reflex. to stretch oneself, Fas. ii. 147: impers., skip (acc.) fletr, to drift aside (with the current).
(-tta, -ttr), v.
1) to strip (f. e-n klæðum or af klæðum); f. e-t af e-m, to strip (something) off one;
2) to strip, plunder.
tt, to strip; fletta klæðum, Nj. 209, Fms. viii. 77, 264; fletta e-n af brynju, vii. 227, viii. 121; fletta e-u af e-m, to strip (the clothes) off, iii. 125, Al. 89: metaph., Th. 24.
β. to strip, plunder, Sturl. ii. 208, Fms. ix. 383, Stj. 282; cp. fé-fletta.
2. the phrase, fletta bók (dat.), to turn the leaves of a book, (mod.)
f. stripping, plunder.
f. a stripping, plunder, Ann. 1242.
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m, a kind of seal, Sks. 177.
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m., poët. = a house.
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part. a law phrase = arfsals-maðr, q. v., Dan. fled-föring.
n. clearing the house.
n. a ‘clearing the flats,’ of a furious onslaught in battle, Jómsv. 39.
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m., poët. = a house.
n. poet. a kind of swift ship.
n. a kind of swift ship (= snekkja, q. v.); only found in poets, as Thiodolf calls the sea fleyja flatvöllr, the flat-field of the fleys, cp. Hkv. 2. 4; fley ok fagrar árar, a fley and beautiful oars, Egill; used by poets also in many compds, as fley-braut, fley-vangr, the road-field of the fleys, etc.; never in prose, except in pr. names, as Gesta-fley, Fms. viii, Sverr. S.; but fley-skip occurs not only in verse, Fb. i. 528, but also in a deed of the year 1315, N. G. L. iii. 112:—also used of merchant ships, Ann. The Span. flibóte, Engl. fly-boat (Johnson) point to a form fley-bátr = fley-skip, though that form has not been found; from the Span. flibóte prob. came the Ital. flibustiero, Anglo-American filibuster: perh. also the Germ. freibeuter, Engl. freebooter, Dutch vrijbuiter represent the same word, altered so as to give an intelligible sense in the respective languages.
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n. a scratch.
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f., something belonging to a ship-shed; liggja við þrír aurar við staf hvern, ok svá fyrir staflæju hverja, ok svá fyvir fleyðri hverja, a plank in the floor (?), N. G. L. i. 101.
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f. flying speed.
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n. a javelin, Sks. 386, 387.
m. loose rumour, vague report.
m. a loose rumour, Fagrsk. ch. 277.
(-ða, -ðr), v.
1) to make fly (f. haukum);
2) to throw (f. e-u).
fleygði, [fliúga, flaug], to ‘let fly,’ throw, with dat., Fms. ii. 17, v. 223, xi. 72, Ld. 166, Bs. ii. 87, Rm. 32 (where read fleini): absol., Vsp. 28, Fms. vi. 137; fleygja af hendi, 623. 31.
β. impers., mönnum ok fénaði fleygði (were thrown) til jarðar, Ann. 1339.
a. able to fly.
1. adj. able to fly, Grág. ii. 346, Hom. 89.
2. m. a wedge.
m. jest, sport; hafa e-t í fleymingi, to make sport of.
m. [flaumr], jest, sport, in the phrase, hafa e-t í fleymingi, to make sport of, 655 xxxii. 15, Hkr. ii. 187, Grett. 95 A, Sturl. passim; sometimes spelt flymingi or flæmingi, but less correct.
(-tta, -ttr), v.
1) to set, afloat, launch (f. skipum);
2) to lift slightly from the ground.
tt, [fljóta, flaut], to float, launch, with dat.; fleyta skipum, Hkr. iii. 433, Eg. 359.
β. to lift slightly from the ground, Fms. iii. 211: reflex. fleytask, metaph. to pass, go through, but with the notion of a narrow escape, as a boat in shallow water, Band. 7 (v. l.) new Ed.
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n. a ‘fly-ship,’ Fb. i. 528 (in a verse), N. G. L. iii. 112, where it is opp. to langskip: cp. fley.
I)
(að), v. to braid, plait.
II)
f. = fléttingr.
u, f. a braid, string; hár-f., plaited hair.
COMPDS: fléttuband, fléttugrjót, fléttuskepta.
I)
(að), v. to braid, plait.
II)
f. = fléttingr.
tt or að, [Lat. plectere; Ulf. flehtan; Germ. flechten; Dan. flette; the word is scarcely borrowed from the Germ.]:—to plait; hár fléttað, Karl. 335: reflex., hárið fléttask niðr á bringu, the hair fell down in braids on the breast, 226.
m. braid, plait.
m. braids, knots, Karl. 299, 335, Mag. 33, El. 27, 29.
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n. plaited string, cord.
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n. sling-stones, Sks. 422, Ó. H. 185 (in a verse).
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u, f. a kind of shaft, hasta amentata, = skepti-flétta, q. v.
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u, f. a rag, = flík, Thom. 471.
n. flitch of bacon.
n. a flitch of bacon, Fms. x. 204, Fas. ii. 473, Dipl. iii. 4.
COMPD: flikkissneið.
f. slice of bacon.
n. a cut or slice of bacon, Fms. iii. 112.
n. lampoon, libel (in verse).
and flimt, n., esp. as a law phrase, a lampoon, libel (in verses), Nj. 70, Bjarn. 42.
f. mockery.
u, f. mockery, Hb. 14.
(að), v. to lampoon, satirise.
að and t, to flout, lampoon; ef þú flimtar mik, Fms. ii. 9; flimtaði, Fs. 89; but þeir flimtu Þorgrím, Fms. vi. 31 (flimtuðu, v. l.); flimtaði (subj.), Fs. 89.
f. lampooning, satire.
f. a lampooning, quizzing, satire, Nj. 50, Eg. 209, Fms. vi. 193, Sturl. ii. 57, iii. 80; vide danz.
m. lampooner.
a, m. a flouter, Fb. iii. 242.
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a, m. a horse’s lip; (granir, of a cow; vör, of a man.)
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að (and fliss, n.), [Swed. fliss], to titter.
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f., pl. flíkr (but flíkar, Þorf. l. c.), [Germ. flick and flicken], a ‘flitch,’ tatter, rag, flap, Þorf. Karl. 436, Pass. 24. 1, 2.
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að. in flíka e-n, to have to spare; þó hefði ei fé að flíka, Húst.
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f. pl. caresses; flíru-ligr, adj. bland; flíru-læti, n. pl.
(pl. -ir), f. splinter, chip.
f. [Germ. fliese; Swed. flisa; Dan. flise], a splinter, N. G. L. i. 38, Fms. x. 30: a slice, Mar. (Fr.)
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að, dep. to be split into slices, be splintered, Stj. 641.
n. poet. woman.
n. a woman, only used in poetry, Hm. 78, 91, 101, Alm 5, Rm. 22, Edda 108; etym. uncertain.
II. in pl., a local name in Norway, Fms. xii.
n.
1) = flot 2; vera á ~i, to be afloat;
2) river lake.
n. [A. S. fleôt = ostium; cp. the Fleet River in London, whence Fleet Street, Northfleet and Southfleet in Kent; Germ. fliess, usually fluss, whence Dan. flod]:—in old writers scarcely used except as a pr. name of a river, viz. Markar-fljót (and simply Fljót) in the south of Icel., whence Fljóts-hlíð, f. the county, Landn. and Nj. passim; and the county Fljót (pl.) in the north of Icel., whence Fljóta-menn, m. pl. the men from Fljót, Sturl. i. 138: in mod. usage it may be used as an appell. a river, as in Dan. and Germ., but scarcely except in poetry, e. g. Núm. 7. 1.
2. á fljóti, afloat, Fms. iv. 65; better á floti, vide flot.
(flýt; flaut, flutum; flotinn), v.
1) to float on the water (hann sá þar f. langskip tjaldat);
2) to run, stream;
3) fig. to float about, spread (of news);
4) to be flooded, to flow (flaut í blóði gólf allt); flaut hann allr í tárum, he was bathed in tears.
pret. flaut, 2nd pers. flauzt; flautt scarcely occurs, pl. flutu; pres. flýt, pl. fljótum, pret. subj. flyti; part. flotinn; sup. flotið: [A. S. fleôtan; Engl. float; O. H. G. fliozan; Germ. fliessen; Dan. flyde; Swed. flyta]
1. to float on the water; sá þar fljóta langskip tjaldat, Eg. 88; þar sem þat flaut í höfninni, 359; láta þeir f. skipit, Fms. x. 347; par sá þeir f. fyrir skip Þorvalds, Korm. 234; hverir láta fljóta fley við bakka, Hkv. 2. 4; flýtr meðan lifir en sökkr þegar dautt er, Rb. 352: in the saying, flýtr meðan ekki sökkr, a phrase answering to the Engl. sink or swim; fugla er f. á vatni, fowls that swim, Grág. ii. 346; þá flýtr hann til lands, floats ashore, Sks. 94; séðú hve flotinn flýtr, Skálda 163.
β. metaph. to float about, spread, of news, Bs. ii. 143; láta orð f., Mar. 14; þat hefir flotið um þrjá bæi eðr fjóra, N. G. L. i. 141, Hom. 45.
γ. reflex., láta fljótask, to drift, Sks. 133.
2. to run, stream, of running waier; svá sem rennandi vötn f. at ýmissum uppsprettum, Fms. ii. 89: to form a pool, vötnin flutu fjórtán álna djúp, Stj. …
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a. swift, speedy; neut., fljótt, as adv. swiftly, quickly; sem fljótast, as soon as possible, at once.
adj. fleet, swift, of a horse, Flóv. 30: of a ship, Fs. 28, Fms. vi. 262.
β. metaph. ready, speedy; Ólafr var þess ekki fljótr, ok fór þó at bæn Bolla, Ld. 186.
II. neut. used adverb. fleetly, swiftly; nú lát við fljótt ok leita dyra, Fms. v. 147; svá fljótt, so soon, 168; sem fljótast, the soonest, at once, Fb. i. 539; þat fljótast sem þú getr, as soon as thou canst, Fms. iii. 94; fljótara, sooner, Dipl. v. 5.
2. metaph. promptly; hann tekr honum eigi fljótt, he received him coolly, Sd. 139; þeir tóku eigi fljótt undir þat, Fms. ii. 32.
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n. the float or cork of a net, Gþl. 428.
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adj., Bs. i. 360, read fljót fanga-ráðs.
m. fleetness, speed.
(-leiki), m. fleetness, speed, Fms. x. 344. xi. 428, Sks. 82.
adv.
1) speedily;
2) readily, promptly.
adv. fleetly, swiftly, Fms. i. 69: metaph. promptly, iv. 295.
a. speedy.
adj. fleet, Ld. 232: metaph. speeding, Bs. i. 423.
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part. talking quickly, opp. to sein-mæltr.
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adj. rash, Hkr. iii. 87, v. l.
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n. rashness.
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adj. quick at taking in or apprehending, Fms. xi. 427.
f. quickness in working.
f. quickness in working, Fms. xi. 431, Th. 19.
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(fljót-virkt, Bs. ii. 96), f. hurried work.
a. quick in working.
adj. quick in working, Mar.; but also opp. to góðvirkr, working hastily, ‘scamping’ the work.
(flýg; flaug, flugum; floginn), v.
1) to fly (fór svá hart sem fugl flygi);
2) fig. of weapons, sparks, rumours, etc. (spjótit flaug yfir hann; gneistarnir flugu);
3) f. á e-n, to fly at or on one.
pres. flýg, pl. fljúgum; pret. flaug, 2nd pers. flaugt, mod. flaugst, pl. flugum; another old pret. fló, Haustl. 2, 8, Þkv. 5, 9, Gh. 17, Ýt. 14, and prose passim; the form flaug is very rare, in old poets; fló is now quite obsolete, flaug, pl. flugu, being the current form: part. floginn; sup. flogit; pret. subj. 1st pers. flygja, 3rd pers. flygi; with the neg. suf. flýgrat, Hm. 151: [not on record in Goth., as the Apocal. is lost in Ulf.; A. S. fleôgan; Engl. fly; O. H. G. fliôgan; Germ. fliegen; Dutch vliegen; Swed. flyge; Dan. flyve: cp. flug]:—to fly, Lat. volare, of birds; in the allit. phrase, fuglinn fljúgandi; valr flýgr, Grág. ii. 170; fló sá hrafn aptr um stafn, Landn. 29; fló hann þangat til, Niðrst. 4; at fljúga eigi upp fyrr, Edda 60; Johannes flaug upp til himins, Hom. 47.
2. metaph., fljúga á e-n (á-flog, q. v.), to fly at one another, in a fight, Nj. 32: recipr., fljúgask á, to join in a fight, N. G. L. i. 46, Nj. 56.
β. of weapons, sparks, rumour, and the like; spjótið fló yfir hann fram, Nj. 58: kesjan flaug í völlinn, Eg. 379; gneistarnir (the sparks) flugu, Fms. …
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n. flight, flying, = flug.
n. [fljúga], a flying, flight, old form = flug, Barl. 56: medic. a shooting pain, verkjar-flog, or flog-verkr, m., and flog-kveisa, u, f. rheumatism, Fél. ix.
a. lively, brisk, volatile.
adj. volatile, Lat. volatilis, Hb.
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n. an attack in bands, uproar, N. G. L. i. 165.
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f. a marching in troops, Grett. 124 B.
(-s, -ar), m.
1) body of men (f. eru fimm menn);
2) company, host (þeir gengu allir í einum flokki);
3) band, troop, party; hefja, reisa, flokk, to raise a band; fylla flokk e-s, to join one’s party, to side with one;
4) short poem, without refrains (opp. to drápa).
m. akin to fólk, [A. S. floc; Engl. flock; Dan. flok; Swed. flock]
I. a body of men; in law five men make a flokkr; flokkr eru fimm menn, Edda 108; þat heitir f. er fimm menn eru saman, N. G. L. i. 61:—a company, host, party, þeir gengu allir í einum flokki, Nj. 100; engla flokkar, a host of angels, Greg. 34; marga flokka, Th. 3; hlaupa í gegn ór öðrum flokki, Grág. ii. 10: adverb., flokkum, in crowds, 656. 18; flokkum þeir fóru, Sl. 63:—a troop, band, hefja flokk, to raise a band, to rebel, Fms. viii. 273, ix. 4; ofríki flokkanna, vii. 293; fara með flokk, to roam about, 318:—a tribe, company, in a good sense, Stj. 321, 322, passim, and so in mod. usage.
COMPDS: flokkaatvígi, flokkaferð, flokksforingi, flokkshöfðingi, flokksmaðr, flokksvíg.
II. a short poem, Ísl. ii. 237, Fms. v. 227, vi. 391, xi. 203, 204: as the name of poems, Brands-flokkr, Sturl. iii. 90; Tryggva-f., Fms. iii. 54, 116; Kálfs-f., 123; Valþjófs-f., vi. 426; cp. esp. Gunnl. S. and Knytl. S. l. c., vide drápa.
2. in mod. usage an epic poem consisting of several cantos is called flokkr or rímna-flokkr; …
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m. captain, leader.
a, m. a captain, leader, Fbr.
m. captain, leader.
a, m. a head, chief, Stj. 322.
m. a man belonging to a party (flokkr).
m. a man belonging to a f. Fms. vii. 252, Sturl. iii. 242.
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n. a law term, manslaughter in a faction fight or mêlée, N. G. L. i. 64.
m. = flokksforingi.
a, m. a captain or leader of a f., Ld. 268.
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m. (for. word), a florin, Bs. ii. 43.
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n. the ‘floss’ or pile of velvet.
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u, f. a splinter, = flís, Bev.
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m. flutter.
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adj.; cp. flysjungr.
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a, m. a pr. name, Landn., Nj.
β. [Norse flös], a fop.
COMPDS: flosaháttr, flosalegr.
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að, to hang loose, prop. of threads: to wither, þar flosna aldregi blómar, Hb. 6.
β. metaph., flosna upp, to break up one’s household, be bankrupt.
n.
1) fat, dripping (from cooked meat);
2) floating;
koma á ~, to be set afloat;
vera á ~i, to be afloat.
n. [fljóta], the fat, grease, esp. from cooked meat, Fms. i. 36, Sd. 163, Dipl. iii. 4, v. 18: in the phrase, sjaldan hefi eg flotinu neitað, Ísl. Þóðs. i. 437.
II. afloat, only in the phrases, á flot, with the sense of motion, ‘setting’ afloat, Fms. vi. 249; á floti, ‘being’ afloat; vera á floti, Hm. 155, Fms. vii. 287, Grág. ii. 357, N. G. L. i. 45.
(að), v. to float, launch (~ e-u).
að, to float, launch, with dat., Fær. 162, Fms. ii. 107, ix. 447.
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m. an islet, = um-flotin ey, Sks. 93.
m.
1) float, raft;
2) fleet.
a, m. [Germ. floss; Dan. flaade], a float, raft, Lat. ratis, Skálda 163, Gþl. 411, Fms. viii. 32.
2. a fleet, Lat. classis, Hkv. 1. 27, 35, 2. 18, Fms. i. 169, viii. 222, passim.
II. = flet, a movable seat, bench, Fms. v. 332, v. l., perhaps a misspelling.
(að), v. to get afloat;
~ upp, to float up, come to the surface.
að, to come afloat, Fms. viii. 380, Stj. 123: metaph., flotna upp, to float up, come to the surface, Bs. i. 724.
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m. pl., poët. seamen, freebooters, Edda 107, Lex. Poët.
m. floating jar, poet. boat.
a. m. a floating jar, poët. a boat, Hým. 26.
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u, f. a grease-tub, a cognom., Fms.
pp. found afloat.
part. found afloat, of a whale, Grág. ii. 383.
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m. a tallow-candle, Art. 114.
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adj. passable by a float or raft, of a river, Gþl. 414.
I)
(gen. flóar; pl. flœr), f. layer, stratum.
II)
(gen. flóar; pl. flœr), f. a flea.
III)
from flá, fljúga, flýja.
f., pl. flær, a layer, stratum, Edda 83.
II. [A. S. fleâ; Engl. flea; Germ. floh], a flea, Fas. i. 394: the saying, vera eins og fló á skinni, i. e. never at rest; mar-fló [Germ. floh-krebs], cancer pulex. flóa-bit, n. flea-bite.
(að), v. to flood, be flooded.
að, to boil milk or fluids; hence, flóuð mjólk, boiled milk; óflóuð mjólk, unboiled milk; sólin heitir ok flóar alla veröld, Mar. 56; hón flóar ok heitir kólnuð hjörtu. 60.
II. to flood; Lögrinn gengr svá upp á löndin at víða flóar, Ó. H. 17; af hans sárum flóaði svá mikit blóð, Mar. (Fr.): in mod. usage always declined with ð, flóir and flóði, if in this sense.
n.
1) flood, innundation, deluge;
2) flood, flood-tide;
at ~i, at ~um, at high-water.
n., it is used fem. in Hb. (1865) 14, 39. [Ulf. flôdus = ποταμός, Luke vi. 49; A. S. flôd; Engl. flood; Swed.-Dan. flod; Germ. fluth]:—a flood, inundation, deluge, Rb. 336; flóðit mikla, Ann. 1199, Fms. xi. 393; vatns-flóð, water-flood.
2. of the tide, flood = flæðr, Fms. vii. 272, Eg. 195; þá er flóð, er tungl er í vestri ok í austri, 415. 10; flóð eðr fjara, Gullþ. 13; at flóði, Fms. viii. 389, Orkn. 428, v. l., Landn. 57: in the west of Icel. always flæðr, q. v.
3. a flood, river or sea, only in old poetry; the allit. phrase, fiskr í flóði, fish in flood, esp. of salmon, Gm. 21; hvat er þat fiska er renn flóði í, Skv. 2. 1, Fas. i. 483 (in a verse); fold skal við flóði taka (a saying), Hm. 138; cp. meðan jörð heldr flóði, vide Lex. Poët.
4. a snow-slip, avalanche, Gísl. 33; snæ-flóð or snjó-flóð (freq.)
II. metaph. tumult, uproar; en hinn vegni yrði fyrir því flóði, that the slain should be swept away in that flood, Grág. ii. 140; var Páll í því flóði, Paul perished in the tumult, Sturl. iii. 83 C; í þessu flóði urðu þeir Hringr, Fms. …
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m. a duck, podiceps cornutus, Edda (Gl.), = flóa-skítr.
m.
1) marshy moor;
2) bay, large firth.
a, m. [Norse flaa-vand, flaa-bygd; cp. the Kelpie’s flow in Scott’s Bride of Lammermoor; also the ice-floe of Arctic navigators]:—a marshy moor, Ísl. ii. 345, Fms. iv. 359, Jb. ii. 280; fúa-flói, a rotten fen; flóa-barð, n. the edge of a f.; flóa-skítr, m. = flóð-skítr; flóa-sund, n. a strip of moor; and many other compds.
β. a district in the south of Icel., hence Flóa-menn, m. pl. the men of F., and Flóa-manna Saga, u, f. the name of a Saga.
II. a bay or large firth, Þórð. 7 new Ed.: freq. in local names, Stranda-flói, Grett. 13 new Ed.; Húna-flói, Sturl. iii. 58 sqq.; Faxa-f. (old Faxa-óss). Flóa-fundr, m. the battle in F., Sturl., Ann.—Deep water in a bay is also called flói, opp. to the shallow water near the coast, Bjarneyja-flói.
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m. and -hetta, u, f. a felt-hat, Hkr. ii. 202, Eb. 240.
f. felt coat.
u, f. a jacket with a felt cowl, Sturl.
m. felt jacket.
m. id., Fas. ii. 242.
n. a foal or young horse with a matted coat.
n. a foal with a shaggy skin, Fas. i. 9.
m.
1) matted hair or wool, felt;
2) cloudlet (ský~).
a, m.
I. ‘flock,’ felt, hair, wool, etc.; ullar-flóki, Edda 237, Fas. ii. 207 (freq.): of a goat’s beard, Eb. 92.
COMPDS: flókahattr, flókaólpa, flókastakkr, flókatrippi.
2. metaph. of dense black clouds, Vígl. 22; ský-flóki, Eb. 260.
II. [A. S. flôc], a kind of halibut, passer, solea, Edda (Gl.)
III. a pr. name, Landn.; hence in names of places, Flóka-dalr, etc., Landn.
a. entangled, matted.
part. clotted, entangled, Fms. x. 192: of a cloud, Sks. 226.
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m. an oaf, fool; flónska, u. f. foolishness; flóns-háttr, m. id.; no example has been found in old writers.
(að), v. to become warm.
að, to become warm; þá tók at flóna líkit, Stj. 615, 2 Kings iv. 34; þá flóna þeir til ástar við Guð, Mar. 99.
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m. [for. word; A. S. flôr; Engl. floor; O. H. G. fluor; Germ. flur; Dutch vloer]:—a floor, pavement, in Icel. only used of the floor of a cow-stall, Bjarn. 32; moka flór, to clean the floor. Fas. ii. 341: in Norway = cow-stall, Bk. 98, D. N. i. 233. flór-fili, n. floor-deals, N. G. L. i. 38.
a. eager to flee, craven.
adj. craven, Stj. 263.
m. the flying host.
m. pl. a flying host, Fms. i. 45, Orkn. 106.
m. pursuit of the flying host.
m. pursuit of the flying host, Stj. 483, Fms. vi. 323.
m. path of flight.
m. a path of flight, Sks. 728.
m.
1) flight; leggja á flótta, to take to flight; støkkva e-m á flótta, to put to flight;
2) reka flóttann, to pursue the flying host.
a, m. [Engl. flight; Germ. flucht, whence Dan. flugt; cp. flýja]:—flight = Lat. fuga (never = volatus): kom flótti í lið Eireks-sona, Fms. i. 38, Al. 142, passim; snúa á flótta, Eg. 290; flótti brestr, Fms. passim, vide bresta.
β. a flying host; reka flótta, to pursue the flying host, Eg. 290, 299, Fms. passim.
COMPDS: flóttagjarn, flóttamenn, flóttarekstr, flóttastigr. Poët. compds: flóttskjarr.
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rak, to put to flight, Bs. ii. 82, (rare.)
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flótt-styggr, adj. ‘flight-shy,’ i. e. valiant, Lex. Poët.
n.
1) flight (= flugr); á ferð ok flugi, all in one motion;
2) precipice.
n., but in old writers usually, if not always, flugr, m. [cp. fljúga I]:—flight, Lat. volatus; fuglanna flug (acc.), Stj. 17; þá beinir hann fluginn, Edda 60; (hann) dró arnsúg í flugnum, 46; í sínum flug, Stj. 270: the phrase, á flugi, in the flight; fugl á flugi, a bird of flight, Od. xii. 62; mætir hón hamrinun á flugi, Edda 58; á ferð ok flugi, ‘faring and flying,’ all in motion, Fas. i. 6, Núm. 2. 99: metaph., var hón öll á flugi, she was all in a flutter, Fb. ii. 335.
II. = flótti, Lat. fuga, flight, only in poetry; trauðr flugar, unwilling to flee, bold, Hkv. 1. 52, Fms. xi. 186 (in a verse); flugar-trauðr, adj. bold, Hkv. 1. 54; cp. flug-skjarr, flug-styggr, flug-trauðr, flug-varr, adj., flug-þverrir, m. firm in battle, unflinching, all epithets of heroes, Lex. Poët.
III. neut. a sheer precipice; hann er svá hár, ok þat flug fyrir ofan at …, Fas. ii. 231; hence fluga-björg, n. pl. and fluga-hamarr (mod. flug-hamarr), m. precipices, Bs. i. 330, Fms. …
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(gen. pl. flugna), f.
1) fly;
2) lure, bait; koma flugu í munn e-m, to allure, entrap one; gína (taka) við flugu, to swallow the fly, to be allured, entrapped.
u. f., gen. pl. flugna, a fly, gnat, moth, Stj. 23, 91, Pr. 474, Edda 70, Ver. 20; gesta-fluga, a moth; mý-f., a gnat; bý-f., a bee; randa-f., a wasp; hunangs-f., a honey-fly, a kind of Icel. bee; mel-f., a clothes-moth; þev-f., a kind of tipula: myki-f., a dung-fly: maðka-f., a maggot-fly, all three musca, etc., vide Eggert Itin. ch. 688: the phrase, eins og fluga, swift as a fly. Wizards were said to bewitch flies and send them to kill their enemies (vide galdra-fluga, gand-fluga), hence the phrase, gína við flugu, or taka flugu, to swallow the fly or to carry the fly, i. e. to be the tool of another man, esp. in a wicked and fatal business, Eb. 164; ef Hallgerðr kemr annarri flugu í munn þér, if H. puts another fly in thy mouth, i. e. makes thee to carry another lie, Nj. 64; þeir gina við þessi flugu, Al. 9; era mínligt flugu at gína, ‘tis not ‘mine-like’ to open the mouth for flies, i. e. lies and slander, Kristni S. (in a verse of the year 998); hann fær komit þeirri flugu í munn eins skiptings, Fms. xi. 445.
COMPDS: flugumaðr, flugumannligr.
a pret. of a lost verb. flyggja, hon ~ öll, she shuddered all over.
a pret. of a lost verb flygja, to shudder; hón flugði öll, she shuddered all over (from horror), Eb. 318.
m. hired bandit, assassin.
m. ‘a man of flies,’ a wizard, occurs in this sense in the old Swed. law (Verel.): hence metaph. a hired bandit, an assassin, Landn. 181, N. G. L. ii. 51, Fms. v. 45, 190, vi. 188, Glúm. 361, Rd. 307, Lv. 57.
a. having the look of an assassin.
adj. looking assassin-like, Fs. 65.
m. flying dragon.
a, m. a flying dragon, a mythic monster, Nj. 183, Bjarn. 12, Gullþ., Al., Sks. 79; cp. dreki fljúgandi, Vsp.
n. flying insect.
n. a flying insect, Pr. 476.
m. flying snake.
m. a flying snake, winged serpent, mythol., Pr.
m. deep sea.
m. the giddy deep, Fas. ii. 231, v. l.
a. very swift.
adj. swift as one winged, Fas. iii. 455.
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adj. = flugskjótr, Art. 149.
m. steep path.
m. a path of flight, poët., Hkv. 2. 47: the popular phrase, eg var kominn á flugstig að fara, I was just about to go (or do a thing), but always with the notion that one is prevented at the last moment.
f.
1) transport, carriage of goods, conveyance of persons;
2) statement, report (cf. ~r).
f., used as masc. (flutningr) in Norse writers, Gþl. 432, in mod. usage masc. throughout, [flytja]:—transport, carriage of goods; flutning hálfa, Pm. 122; f. öll, Vm. 150; allar flutningar, Grág. ii. 357, 359, Fms. iv. 121, viii. 179, Band. 2:—conveyance of persons, Eg. 75, 477: in mod. usage also = farmr.
2. masc. in the metaph. sense, help, negotiation, intervention, Hrafn. 14, Fms. vii. 17, ix. 295; mála-f., pleading, Hrafn. 17:—report, var þat þeirra flutningr, they reported, Fms. x. 97, Bs. i. 702, 775; but fem., 701.
COMPDS:
1. fem., flutningar-maðr, m. a carrier of goods, Grág. ii. 383, Glúm. 393, Vm. 16. flutninga-skip, n. a ferry-boat, Vm. 15.
2. masc., flutnings-maðr, m. a pleader, Eg. 172, 467, Hkr. iii. 27, Sturl. ii. 17.
f. low skerry, reef flooded by the sea (á flúð eða skeri).
f. low skerries or reefs flooded by the sea; á flúð eða skeri, Mar.; flúð ok fall, Bs. ii. 51.
n.
1) flower;
2) flour.
n. [for. word; Lat. flos]
I. a flower, blossom, Fms. v. 345, Barl., Flor., Stj., Bs. ii, freq. in old translations, but now obsolete, except in a metaph. sense, a flowery style of writing.
II. flour, Fms. viii. 250, v. l., Bs. i. 707, 713.
COMPDS: flúrbrauð, flúrhleifr.
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part. flowery, esp. in a bad sense, of an affected style, etc.
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f. pl. = flúð; hált er helzt á flúrum, Hallgr.
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n. flour-bread, Stj. 121, Fms. ix. 241.
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m. a flour-loaf, El. 21.
f. flounder.
u, f. a flounder, Edda (Gl.), Bs. ii. 179.
m. flying apparatus.
m. [Germ. flügel], a wing, Þiðr. 92, where it seems borrowed from German ballads.
f. phantom, ghost.
(and flyksa), u, f. a flake, rag, metaph. a phantom, Grett. 111.
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t, dep. [flokkr], to crowd, Fms. viii. 81, 411, Hom. 65, Fas. ii. 80, Orkn. 372 (in a verse).
(flusta), v. to split, cut in slices (at ~ epli).
að, [flos], to split or cut into slices, Háv. 31 new Ed.; cp. flís.
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m. a fop, charlatan.
(flyt, flutta, fluttr), v.
1) to carry, convey (~ vöru til skips);
2) to recite, deliver (~ or ~ fram kvæði); ~ mál e-s, to plead one’s cause, interceed for one; ~ (fram) sitt erendi, to state one’s errand;
3) to perform (~ járnburð, skírslu); ~ fórn, to bring an offering;
4) refl., ~st, to flit, remove.
pres. flyt: pret. flutti; sup. flutt:—to cause to flit, carry, Gísl. 133; flytja vöru til skips, Nj. 4, Skálda 163, Eg. 125, 194: of trade, to export or import, þenna fjárhlut f. menn þaðan, Sks. 184; kaupmenn er mest gæði flytja landi þessu, Fms. vii. 122; frillu þá er þú hefir flutt af Noregi, Ld. 34.
2. metaph., flytja fórn, to bring an offering, Sks. 781.
β. to perform; flytja skírslu, járnburð, Ld. 58, Fms. viii. 149, Hkr. ii. 229.
γ. to proclaim, preach; hvaða skiru hann flytti, 625. 90: pass., Fms. x. 161: to recite, deliver a poem, speech, etc., flytja kvæði, Ísl. ii. 222; flytja ræðu, to deliver a sermon (mod.): metaph., var sú vísa mjök flutt, the verse was much repeated, went abroad, Fms. i. 48: pass. to be told, Stj. 59, K. Á. 200.
δ. to help, plead, intercede; flytja eyrindi, Fms. x. 44, v. l.; göfgir menn fluttu þetta mál með honum, Fms. i. 13; nú hefi ek flutt sem ek mun at sinni, Hrafn. 17; cp. af-flytja, to disparage: pass., Sks. 185 B.
ε. to entertain, support; flytja úmegð, Mar. (Fr.): pass. to support oneself, Bs. …
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f. a helping, promoting, Stj. 111.
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v. flyka.
(flý; flýða; flýiðr, flýðr), v.
1) to flee, take flight (~ á land upp);
~ undan e-m, to flee from one pursuing;
2) with acc., ~ land, to flee the country;
úhœgt mun forlögin at ~, it will be hard to avoid what is fated.
pres. flý; pret. flýði; sup. flýð; part. flýiðr: mod. flúa, pret. flúði, part. flúinn, pres. flý; an older form with œ—flœja, pres. flœ, pret. flœði—occurs in poetry and old prose; skœðr and flœði rhyme even in Pd. 47 (of the 12th century): this older form is rightly formed from the part. fló; sup. flýit, Fms. i. 26; flœr (pres.), 623. 26; flœðu (pret.), Bret. 74; but flýðu, 40; flyiðr (part.), Edda 154 (pref.): flœja (inf.), Sdm. 21, 677. 10, 655 xiv. A. 1, 623. 16; fleoði—flœði, Hom. (St.) 3; pret. indin. flœðu (fugisse), Ód. 9; pret. subj. flœðim (fugeremus) Fms. ii. 181 (in a verse): [cp. Ulf. þljûhan; A. S. fleon; O. H. G. fliûhan, mod. fliehen; Engl. flee; no strong verb corresponding to this occurs in the Scandin., except fljúga, which in very old times served for both fugere and volare, vide s. v.]:—to flee, Lat. fugere; þeir flýðu til Upplanda, Fms. i. 19; víst vil ek eigi flýja, x. 348; Kjötvi hinn auðgi flyði, Eg. 33, Sks. 716 B; þá er Eirekr hafði brott flýit, Fms. i. 26: landsmenn féllu ok flýðu, Bret. 40; Tyrkir vóru flyðir í borgina, 88; flýja undan, to flee from one pursuing, Eg. …
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(-tta, -tt), to hasten (~ ferðinni); ~ sér, to speed oneself, make haste.
tt, [hence fljótr], to hasten, make haste, with dat.; flýta ferðinni, to hasten on one’s journey, Grett. 99, Bs. i. 130; flýta sér, to hasten, speed oneself, Stj. 221, Þórð. 69.
(gen. -is), m. haste, speed.
m. fleetness, speed, Stj. 172, Lv. 41, Fas. iii. 219. flýtis-verk, n. hurried work.
II. of a person, an instigator, Lex. Poët.
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dd, [flóð], to flood over, Stj. 56, 284, Ann. 1345: to flow, of the tide, Fms. vi. 163, ix. 44, x. 98: impers., fé ok skip (acc.) flæðir, the flood-tide overtakes sheep and boats, i. e. they are lost by the tide, (mod.)
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a, m. = flæðibakki, Gísl. 52.
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n. flood-mark, i. e. the space between low and high water, N. G. L. i. 13, Landn. 117.