a. Hebraic (ebresk tunga).
adj. Hebrew, Skálda 161, 167, Stj. 26. Ebreska, f. the Hebrew tongue, Ver. 11, Ann. (H.) 14.
f.
1) great-grandmother;
2) the name of the book Edda, written by Snorri Sturluson, c. 1220.
u, f. a great-grandmother, Rm. 2. 4; móðir (mother) heitir ok amma (grandmother), þriðja edda (the third is edda), Edda 108: this sense is obsolete.
II. metaph. the name of the book Edda, written by Snorri Sturluson, and containing old mythological lore and the old artificial rules for verse making. The ancients only applied this name to the work of Snorri; it is uncertain whether he himself called it so; it occurs for the first time in the inscription to one of the MSS. of Edda, viz. the Ub., written about fifty or sixty years after Snorri’s death: Bók þessi heitir Edda, hann hefir saman setta Snorri Sturlusonr eptir þeim hætti sem hér er skipat (viz. consisting of three parts, Gylfagynning, Skáldskaparmál, and Háttatal), Edda ii. 250 (Ed. Arna-Magn.); sva segir í bók þeirri er Edda heitir, at sá maðr sem Ægir hét spurði Braga …, 532 (MS. of the 14th century); hann (viz. Snorri) samansetti Eddu, he put together the Edda, Ann. 1241 (in a paper MS., but probably genuine). As the Skáldskaparmál (Ars Poëtica) forms the chief part of the Edda, teaching the old artificial poetical circumlocutions (kenningar), poetical terms and diction, and the mythical tales on which they were founded, the Edda became a sort of handbook of poets, and therefore came gradually to mean the ancient artificial poetry as opposed to the modern plain poetry contained in hymns and sacred poems; …
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n. vinegar.
n. [from Lat. acidum or acetum; A. S. eced; Germ. essig; Dan. edik]:—vinegar (qs. acidum vini); the word is modern in Icel., being borrowed from Danish, and probably first used in Matth. xxvii. 34, 48; edik galli blandað, Pass. 33. i, 2.
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a particle, vide er.
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noble, in compds, borrowed from Germ. and rare.
f. adder, viper, = eyðla.
(eyðla, O. H. L. 27), u, f. [old Swed. ydhla], a viper, Hkr. i. 103.
f. adder, viper, = eyðla.
in compds [from Germ. edel-, Dan. ædel-], noble, Pass. 48. 6, (rare and mod.)
(in old MSS. written øðli), n.
1) nature; manns ~, mannligt ~, human nature; arnar ~, the eagle’s nature; þat er í móti náttúrligu ~, it is against the order of nature;
2) origin, extraction (hann var valskr at ætt ok ~);
3) fœtus (þótti henni kviknat hafa ~ sitt).
n., akin to and derived from óðal, q. v.; old MSS. also always use the form øðli (eyðli, D. I. l. c.), Fms. x. 301, Hom. 47, 118, Greg. 48, O. H. L. 86, Eluc. 16, Hkr. i. 225, Hbl. 9, Bs. i. 335, 342; eðli is more modern, but öðli is still preserved:
1. nature; mannligt e., human nature or character, 623. 19, Eb. 110, Fms. x. 301; náttúrligt e., human condition, Mag. (Fr.); vera í e. sinu, to be in one’s own nature or frame of mind, Fs. 59; eptir e., natural, ordinary, Fms. iii. 118; móti e., against nature, extraordinary; með líkindum ok e., Edda 69; undruðusk er jörðin ok dýrin ok fuglarnir höfðu saman e. í sumum hlutum, 144. (pref.); eðli and náttúra (natura) are used synonymously, id.; engla öðli, the nature of angels, Eluc. 16; arnar öðli, the eagle’s nature, Hom. 47; allt mannkyns öðli, Greg. 48; öðrlez (= öðlis) skepna, O. H. L. 86.
2. birth, origin, extraction, in the alliterative phrases, ætt ok öðli, Fms. i. 149; hann var Valskr (Welsh) at ætt ok eðli, vii. 56; Danskr at öðli, Danish by origin, Hom. 118; nafn ok öðli, name and family, Hbl. …
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m. = öðlingr, poët. an ‘etheling.’
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f. physic, (mod.)
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m. pl. constitution, Bb. 2. 14.
f. natural condition or quality.
n. and eðlis-skepna, u, f. one’s nature, Fms. v. 216, Hom. 123.
pp. born in wedlock.
part. noble-born, well-born, Hkr. ii. 135.
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adj. (-liga, adv.), natural, proper.
f. friend of vipers (dub.).
adj., probably corrupt, as a viper (?), Hdl. 45.
conj.,
1) or; fyrr eða siðar, sooner or later; annathvárt … eða, either … or; hvárt … eða, whether (if) … or; hvart er … eða, whether … or;
2) in comparison of two unlike things, and (mikinn mun eigum vér at gera þin eða annarra heimamanna);
3) after a comparative, and perhaps (ek em eigi verri riddari en S. konungr, eða nökkuru betri);
4) introducing a question, but (ek beiti Auðgisl, — eða ertu H. vandræðaskáld?);
5) sometimes after a negation, = né, nor (þeir munu hvárki fyrir sjá fé sínu eða fjörvi).
adv. still, yet, older form instead of ‘enn,’ only in poetry; eðr of sér, one still has to see, i. e. the next thing is …, Haustl. 14; stóð eðr í hausi, stood, i. e. remains, still in his head, 19.
conj.,
1) or; fyrr eða siðar, sooner or later; annathvárt … eða, either … or; hvárt … eða, whether (if) … or; hvart er … eða, whether … or;
2) in comparison of two unlike things, and (mikinn mun eigum vér at gera þin eða annarra heimamanna);
3) after a comparative, and perhaps (ek em eigi verri riddari en S. konungr, eða nökkuru betri);
4) introducing a question, but (ek beiti Auðgisl, — eða ertu H. vandræðaskáld?);
5) sometimes after a negation, = né, nor (þeir munu hvárki fyrir sjá fé sínu eða fjörvi).
or eða, which is the more freq. form in mod. use, conj., [Goth. auþþa; A. S. oððe; Engl. or; Germ. oder]:—or; joining two nouns, verbs, or adjectives, hold eðr blóð, heitr eða kaldr, illr eða góðr, etc., esp. after the pronouns annaðhvárt, hvárt, either; héraðsektir e. utanferðir, Nj. 189; slíkr vetr eða verri, Ísl. ii. 138; kaupmenn e. formenn, Fms. i. 11; í Blálandi eðr Arabia, Bb. 468; kirkjum eðr klaustrum, H. E. i. 419; í skógum eðr í öðrum fylsnum, Fms. iv. 384; skjóta e. kasta, e. höggva e. leggja, Sks. 430; fyrr e. síðar, sooner or later, Hkr. ii. 368.
β. in comparison of two unlike things, the two things are connected with the disjunctive eða instead of the copulative ok, where the Engl. may use and, e. g. the proverb, sitt er hvað, gæfa eðr görfuleiki, there’s a difference between luck and wit; er úglíkt at hafa með sér góða drengi ok hrausta eðr einhleypinga, Ísl. ii. 325; úlíkr er þessi eða hinn fyrri, he is unlike and the first one, Mar. (Fr.); mun nokkut allíkt, garpskapr Bersa eðr stuldir Þórarins, i. e. can one compare the valour of B. and the thievishness of Thorarin? Korm. …
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I)
(older form if), conj.
1) if, in case (aldri hefðir þú í borgina komit, ef ek hefða vitat); in poetry generally with subj.; vega þú gakk, ef vreiðr séir (sér), if thou be wroth;
2) = hvárt, if, whether (Egill spurði, ef hann vildi upp ór gröfinni);
3) as a relat. part., sá ef = sá er (rare).
II)
n. doubt; ef er á e-u, it is doubtful; ekki er til efs, at, it cannot be doubted that; útan ef, without doubt.
A. neut. subst., older form if, Barl. 114, 124, Hkv. l. c., Vellekla l. c., Hkv. Hjörv. 33:—doubt, used in plur., hver sé if, what doubt can there be? Vellekla: it still remains in the phrase, mér er til efs, I doubt; en þar sem ef er á, wherever it is doubtful, K. Á. 28; hvervetna þar sem ef er á nokkuru máli, 204; ekki er til efs, at þeir menn ríða at grindhliði, it cannot be doubted, that…, Lv. 19; sæmilig til efs, dubiously good, rather had, Vm. 55; utan ef, without doubt, Fms. vii. 37, Stj. 421; fyrir utan allt ef, H. E. i. 519, Barl. l. c.
B. conj. [Goth. ibai; A. S. and Scot. gif; Engl. if; O. H. G. ipu; Germ. ob; lost in Swed. and Dan.]:—if, in case; en ef þit eigit erfingja, Nj. 3; ef eigi (unless) væri jafnhugaðr sem ek em, 264; ef þú átt þrjár orrostur við Magnús konung, Fms. vi. 178; ef hann er varmr, if he is warm, 655 xxx. 1: very freq. as a law term = in case that, Grág., N. G. L.; en ef þeir gjalda eigi, þá, i. 127; en ef (MS. en) þeir vilja eigi festa, id.
β. in poetry often with subj. (as in Engl. …
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(að), v. to doubt (engi efar þat); ~ um e-t, to doubt about a thing;
refl., ~st í e-u, to hesitate in, be in doubt; ~ um e-t = efa um e-t; with gen., ~ e-s, to change one’s mind in a matter.
að, in old writers usually spelt with i, ifa; efa occurs in Nj. 207, Hkr. ii. 326, Sks. 153, Stj. 256, Fms. ii. 42, iii. 115, vi. 184, Al. 43, Grett. 110 A, Bs. ii. 169, etc.; in mod. usage always with e:—to doubt, with acc.; engi ifar þat, Fms. x. 319: the phrase, efa sik, to hesitate, Grett. l. c.; skulu þér eigi e. yðr (doubt), at …, Nj. 307: used as neut. to feel a doubt, ifi þér nokkut, at, Fms. v. 38, Hkr. l. c., 623. 33; ifa (efa) um e-t, to doubt about a thing, Hkr. i. 223, Grág. ii. 47, Fms. ii. 283, v. 37, vi. 184.
2. reflex., efask (ifask) í e-u, to doubt or hesitate in a thing; í því má engi maðr ifask, at …, Sks. 272 B; ekki efumk ek í því, 153, Stj. l. c.; Freysteinn efaðisk í, hvárt …, F. was in doubt, whether…, Fms. iii. 115; þér efisk í um þeirra almátt, ii. 42: efask um e-t, to doubt about a thing, x. 392; hvárt ifisk ér um ok hræðisk, Niðrst. 2.
β. absol. to doubt, hesitate, Str. 22; statt upp ok ifask alls ekki, Hom. 119.
γ. with gen., efask e-s, to change one’s mind in a matter, Grág. i. 312, 313.
f. doubt, doubting.
ifan, f. (almost always with i; efan, H. E. l. c.), doubt, hesitation, Barl. 149, H. E. i. 396, Bær. 14, Hom. 23.
COMPD: efanarlauss.
a. undoubted.
adj. undoubted, Stj., 655 xxvii. 2: neut. as adv. undoubtedly, Fms. ix. 347, El. 2, Str. 35, K. Á. 202.
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n. adj. undoubtedly, Hom. 15 (spelt ifan-).
m. doubtfulness; ~ sagnar, ambiguity of expression.
m. doubtfulness, Skálda 188.
a.
1) doubtful;
2) hesitating, irresolute;
3) uncertain (efanligt er mannsins eðli).
(ifan-ligr), adj. doubtful, Skálda 188, Ld. 58, Fms. x. 317, 369 (in the last two passages spelt with i).
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adj. id., Bs. i. 263.
a. indubitable, certain.
(ifa-lauss), adj. undoubted, clear, Nj. 87: neut. as adv. undoubtedly, Grág. ii. 189.
adv. doubtfully.
adv. doubtfully, Bs. ii. 153.
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ifað-samr, efað-samligr, adj. doubtful, Al. 5, Stj. 172.
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and efa-semi, f. doubt, Bs. i. 272.
f. doubtful case (in law).
f. a doubtful case, Grág. i. 73.
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a, m., in old writers almost always ifi:—doubt, Greg. 37, Fms. iii. 8, x. 392, Hkr. i. 223; vera ifa, to be in doubt, Mar. 17; enn er eptir ifi í hug mínum, 623. 26; án ifa (efa), without doubt, Fms. x. 336, Skálda 210: suspicion, Fms. x. 260.
COMPDS: efalauss, efalausligr, efasamr, efasamliga, efasemð, efasök.
f. mud, ooze.
u, f. [Swed. äfja], mud, ooze, Fms. vi. 164, Hrafn. 26.
(-da, -dr), v.
1) to strengthen structurally, to reinforce (~ veggi);
létu þeir ~ at nýju Danavirki, they restored the Danish wall;
2) to found, raise (~ stað, kirkju);
~ her (lið) á hendr e-m, to raise troops against one;
~ e-n, to support, aid (efldi Dofri hann síðan til ríkis í Noregi);
~ e-n til rangs máls, to help one in an unjust cause;
3) to perform;
~ heit, to make a vow;
~ at brullaupi, to hold a wedding;
4) to be able (sem vér eflum ok orkum);
5) refl., ~st.
d, [afl and afli], to strengthen:
I. act.,
α. to make strong, build; efla veggi, to build walls, 655 xxv. i; létu þeir efla at nýju Danavirki, they restored the Danish wall, Fms. i. 121.
β. to found, raise, endow; efla stað, kirkju, to endow or raise a church, bishopric, Barl. 65, Fms. iv. 110; e. bú, to set up one’s house, Band. (MS.) 3: milit., e. her, lið, to raise troops. Fms. v. 279; e. flokk, to raise a party, 140; e. ófrið, to raise a rebellion, make war, xi. 268: e. e-n, to aid, side with one, in a fight or lawsuit; efldi Dofri hann síðan til ríkis í Noregi, Bárð. 164; ok hét honum liðveizlu sinni at hann skyldi e. Steinar, Eg. 722: e. e-n til rangs máls, to help one in a wrong case, Js. 8; Danir höfðu þá herrana eflt upp á Svíaríki, Fms. x. 50; bað liðit e. sik, Fagrsk. ch. 179.
γ. to perform solemnly; e. heit, to make a vow, Gísl. 90; e. blót, to perform a sacrifice, Nj. 158; e. at brullaupi, to hold a wedding, Fms. ix. 21: poët., e. dáð (dáð eflir, a hero); e. tafl, to play a game, Orkn. …
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f.
1) strengthening, increase in strength;
2) aid, support.
f. growth, increase in strength and wealth, Bret., Greg. 43: strength, help, assistance, Glúm. 346, 347, Ld. 88, Hkr. iii. 185, Mork. 128.
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m. a helper, promoter, Lex. Poët.
I)
(-da, -dr), v. to perform, fulfil (~ orð sín, sætt, heit);
refl., ~st, to turn out in a certain way (efndist þat ok vel; þat efnist opt illa).
II)
(að), v. to prepare, make arrangements for a thing (e. til vetrsetu, veizlu kaupstaðar).
d, (að, Nj. 189, Fms. ix. 453, xi. 286), [Swed. ämna; A. S. efnan, æfnan, = to perform]:—to perform, chiefly to fulfil a vow or the terms agreed upon; e. orð sín, to keep one’s word, Fms. i. 4; þat efndi Gunnarr, Nj. 45; þat skal ek e. sem ek hét þar um, Fms. i. 217; e. sætt, to fulfil an agreement, Nj. 258: Ólafr efnir vel við ambáttina, Olave behaved well to the handmaid, Ld. 156.
β. reflex. to turn out so and so, come to a certain issue; efndisk þat ok vel, Nj. 72; þat efnask (better efnisk) opt illa, it comes to a bad end, 189.
II. efna, að, to prepare for a thing, make arrangements; ekki er þess getið at hann efnaði til um fégjaldit, Fms. xi. 286; hann efnaði þar til vetrsetu, x. 1; þeir efnuðu til vetrsetu í Oslo, ix. 453; þar hafði Ólafr konungr efnat til kaupstaðar, king O. had there founded a town, iv. 93: efnaði Ólafr konungr þá til ágætrar veizlu, king O. made a great feast, ii. 133; þeir Ingjaldr efna þar seið, Ingjald made a great sacrifice, feast, Fs. 19.
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adj. rich, having ample means.
f. scarcity, want, or shortness of means.
f. want of means, Bs. i. 457.
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adj. wanting means.
n. scarcity, want, or shortness of means.
n. want of means, Hrafn. 5.
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adj. poor; vera vel við efni, to be a well-to-do man.
m. scarcity, want, or shortness of means.
m. shortness of means, Bs. i. 525.
f. fulfilment of a promise (raun mun eptir fara um efndir).
f. fulfilment of a pledge, promise. Sturl. iii. 170, Fms. vi. 29, vii. 121.
n.
1) stuff, material (svá skildu þeir, at allir hlutir væri smíðaðir af nökkuru efni); ek em görr af ústyrku efni, I am made of frail stuff; cf. biskups-, brúðar-, fægðar-, konu-, konungs-, mágs-, manns-, mungáts-, smíðar-efni;
2) matter of discourse, subject, theme (þryti mér fyrr stundin til frásagnar en efnit til umrœðu) eigi með sönnu e., with untrue statement, falsely; nú er úti mitt e., now my story is at an end;
3) matter, affair (segir konungr frá öllu þessu e.); fátt er betr látit en e. eru tíl, few things are reported better than they really are;
4) cause, reason; látast báðir af því e., both die from this cause; fyrir þat e. (for that reason) keypti hann landit
5) state, condition, affair; sagði, hver e. í vóru, he told how matters stood; ek veit eigi görla e. Gunnlaugs, how G.’s affairs stand; kominn í úvænt e., into a critical condition; óttalauss í öllu e., in every respect; er þessi hlutr kom til efnis, when this came aboitt; berr þat til efnis, at, it happens that;
6) pl., means; ok bjuggust um eptir þeim efnum, sem þeir höfðu til, according to their means; …
n. [Swed. ämne = stuff, materia, and Dan. ævne = achievement]:—a stuff, originally like Lat. materia, timber; and so the stuff or material out of which a thing is wrought; auðskæf mærðar e., Ad. 16; at allir hlutir væri smíðaðir af nokkru efni, that all things were wrought (created) of some stuff, Edda 147 (pref.); skapa af engu efni, to create from nothing (of God), Fms. i. 304; efni (materials) til garðbóta, Grág. ii. 263, Sks. 287 (of a cloth); ek em görr af ústyrku efni, I am made of frail stuff, 543, Barl. 140, Stj. 17, 67; smíðar-efni, materials; efni-tré, a block, tree; efni í ljá, orf, etc., or of any piece fitted as materials.
β. in a personal sense; manns-efni, a promising young man: karls-efni, a thorough man, a nickname, Landn.: the proverb, engi veit hvar sæls manns efni sitr, of youths of whom no one can tell what may be hidden in them; þegns e. = manns-efni, Stor. 11: gott manns-e., gott bónda-e., promising to be an able man; and on the other hand, ónýtt, illt manns-e., in whom there is nothing.
γ. merely in temp. …
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f. keeping fulfilment, = efnd.
f. keeping (= efnd), Grág. i. 316
a. hopeful, promising (efniligir menn); ekki efniligt, not advisable.
adj. (-liga, adv.), hopeful, promising, e. g. of a youth, Nj. 39, Eg. 147, 599, Fms. i. 17, v. 263, Orkn. 202; efniligt ráð, a wise issue, Fms. xi. 21; sögðu allt hit efniligasta, made a flattering report, ix. 488; ekki efniligt, not advisable, Sturl. i. 186.
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n. a sign, 732. 17.
n. wood-materials, timber.
n. a block, timber, Gísl. 146, Fas. ii. 210, Stj. 618, Mork. 91.
(older form øfri), a. compar.,
1) upper, opp. to neðri;
bera efra skjöld, to gain the victory;
verða e-m ~, to be superior to;
hit efra,
a) high above ground (fara hit efra í trjám sem apynjur eða íkornar);
b) the upper or inland road, opp. to ‘hit ytra’, along the shore (sumir fóru hit efra til Þríhyrningshálsa);
by land, opp. to the sea;
c) of the inner part of a building, opposed to ‘hit fremra’ or the part nearest the door (konungr settist í hásæti ok alskipat var hit efra ok hit fremra);
2) latter;
þetta var inn efra hlut sumars, towards the end of summer;
á efra aldri, advanced in years.
compar.; EFSTR, superl.; older form öfri, Hkv. 2. 36, Ó. H. ch. 248 (in a verse), Greg. 42, N. G. L. i. 10, 384, Íb. 5, Hom. 116; öfstr, Fms. x. 394, 686 C. 2, Ls. 50, 51, Hbl. 18, Edda 115, 116 (Gl.); compar. and superl. without the positive [as Lat. superior, supremus, Gr. ὑπέρτερος], but formed from the root syllable ‘of-,’ cp. ofar, yfir; very old MSS. therefore mostly spell with ö, a vowel change of o; the mod. form, as well as that of most MSS., is with e, efri, efstr, Am. 50, Og. 23:
I. the upper, higher; the phrase, bera efra skjöld, to carry the higher shield, i. e. carry the day, Fms. x. 394 (MS. æfra): opp. to neðri = upper, at Mosfelli enu öfra, Íb. 5: the adverb, phrase ‘it efra’ denoting the upper or inland road, opp. to the shore; allt hit efra suðr, Eg. 58; sumir fóru it efra til Þríhyrnings-hálsa, Nj. 207; hit efra um Upplönd, Fms. i. 22: by land, opp. to the sea, Hkr. ii. 8: of the inner part of a building, opp. to fremri or the part nearest the door, Eg. 43: in the air, opp. to the earth, Sks. 115: superl. …
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t, [cp. Swed. efsing = thrum, stump], to cut; e. e-m skör, to cut one’s head off, Sighvat, (απ. λεγ.)
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and if-lauss, adj. undoubted, Greg. 25, Mart. 121, Fas. ii. 539.
m. pl. the inhabitants of Agðir, a fylki in Norway.
m., poët. an eagle.
a. from Agðir.
adj. from Agðir, a county in Norway, Fms., Landn.
I)
(gen. pl. eggja), n. egg.
II)
(gen. -jar, dat. -ju; pl. -jar), f. edge; eyða (verja) oddi ok eggju, by force of arms, with might and main.
1. n. [A. S. äg; Engl. egg; Swed. ägg; Dan. æg; Germ. ei], an egg, Eg. 152, Grág. ii. 346; arnar-e., æðar-e., álptar-e., hrafns-e., dúfu-e., kriu-e., etc., an eagle’s egg, eider duck’s, swan’s, raven’s, dove’s, etc.; also, höggorms egg, a snake’s egg: eggja-hvíta, f. the white of an egg: eggja-rauða, f. or eggja-blómi, m. the yolk; verpa eggjum, to lay eggs; liggja á eggjum, to sit on eggs, brood; koma, skríða ór eggi, of the young, to come out of the egg, Fagrsk. 4 (in a verse): an egg is glænýtt fresh, stropað half-hatched, ungað hatched; vind-egg, a wind-egg, addled egg; fúl-egg, a rotten egg; vera lostinn fúlu eggi, proverb of a sad and sulky looking fellow that looks as if one had pelted him with rotten eggs, Gísl. 39 (in a verse); fullt hús matar og finnast hvergi dyrnar á, a riddle describing an egg; but fullt hús drykkjar og finnast hvergi dyrnar á, the berry: eggja-fata, f. a bucket in which to gather eggs: eggja-kaka, f. …
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f. an egging on; eggingar-fífl, n., v. l. for eggjunar-fífl, Nj. 52.
(að), v. to incite, egg one on to do a thing (e. e-n e-s or til e-s or á e-t); e. e-n fram, to urge one on;
refl., láta at ~st, to yield to another’s egging on; e. upp á e-n, to pick a quarrel with one, provoke one; recipr. to egg one another on (eggjuðust nú fast hvarirtveggju).
að, to egg on, incite, goad, with acc. of the person, gen. of the thing; (e. e-n e-s), er þá eggjaði hins vesta verks, Nj. 213; allmjök muntu eggjaðr hafa verit þessa verks, Fs. 8; e. lið, a milit. term, to encourage, cheer troops just before battle, Fms. v. 73: proverb, illt er at e. óbilgjarnan, ‘tis not good to egg on an overbearing man, Grett. 91; e. e-n á e-t, to egg one on to do a thing, Nj. 21, Pass. 22. 9: absol., er þat gráta á annari stundu er eggja á annari, Þorst. St. 52.
2. reflex., láta at eggjask, to yield to another’s egging on; eigi mun konungr láta at eggjask um öll níðingsverk þín, Eg. 415; Haraldr konungr lét at eggjask, Fms. xi. 23; eggjask upp á e-n, to thrust oneself upon one, provoke one, Róm. 120: recipr. to egg one another on in a battle, eggjuðusk nú fast hvárirtveggju, Nj. 245.
f. egging on, goading.
(eggjun), f. an egging on, Fms. v. 75, vii. 260, Eg. 473, 623. 29.
COMPDS: eggjunarfífl, eggjunarorð.
m. egger-on, inciter.
a, m. an egger on, inciter, Barl. 52.
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n. a fool, a cat’s paw, Nj. 52; vide eggingar-fífl.
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n. pl. egging words, Fms. ii. 290, viii. 219.
pp. cut, wounded by an edge.
part. bitten, smitten by an edge, Bs. i. 644.
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adj. slain by the edge of the sword, Lex. Poët.
m. a scythe having an ell-long edge.
adj. having an ell-long edge (of a scythe), Grág. i. 501.
m. the print of an edge.
m. the print of an edge, Þórð. 54 new Ed.
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adj. sharp-edged, Lex. Poët.
a. sharp-edged, sharp (egghvast járn).
adj. sharp, Lex. Poët.
m. poet. play with sharp weapons, battle.
m., poët. the play of edges, battle, Gkv. 2. 31.
a. poet. sword-smitten.
adj., poët. epithet of the slain in a battle-field; e. valr, mown by the sword, Hom. 31, Gm. 53; no doubt from má, to mow, not from móðr, weary.
f. egg-shell.
n. (mod. egg-skurmr, m.), an egg-shell, Edda. 12, Stj. 10.
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adj. ‘edge-plain,’ i. e. quite plain, of a meadow to be mown.
m. sharp-edged stone.
m. an edged, sharp stone, Edda. (Ub.) 290.
m. ‘edge-twig’, the steeled edge of a sword; svá at fal báða eggteina sverðsins, so that both edges of the sword were hidden.
m. ‘edge-rim,’ one of the two rims running along the ancient swords, with a hollow between them; blánaðr ‘annarr’ eggteinninn, Nj. 203; svá at fal báða eggteina, the blade sank so deep that both edge-rims were hidden, 125, Ísl. ii. 55, Fas. ii. 415; ritað gullstöfum fram eptir eggteinum, of the sword of Charlemagne, Karl. 178.
f. egg-season.
n. ‘egg-tide,’ the egg-season (May), Edda 103.
n. ‘eggfield’ (a place where eggs of sea-birds are gathered).
n. ‘egg-field,’ a place where the eggs of wild fowl are gathered in quantities (cp. sel-ver, síld-ver, álpta-ver), Grág. ii. 263, 338, Jb. 217, Eg. 42: gathering eggs = varp, Bs. i. 350; eggvers-hólmi = varphólmi, Jm. 1.
m. the steeled edge of an axe (hann snerpir eggvölinn).
m. the slope on the edge (as of scissors), Fbr. 142, Bs. ii. 94.
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adj. thin-edged; e. öx, Ann. 1362.
a. Egyptian.
adj. Egyptian; Egiptaland, n. Egypt, Al., Fms., etc.
(-da, -dr), v.
1) to use as a bait, with dat. (e. oxahöfði a öngul);
2) to furnish with a bait, to bait, with acc. (e. snöru, net, gildru);
3) to bait for (e. aurriða); e. veiði, to set bait for the prey;
4) to incite, provoke.
d, [agn], to bait, with dat. of the bait, Edda 154, Hým. 22: the prey for which the bait is set either in acc., e. örriða, to bait for trout, Sighvat; e. veiði, to set bait for the prey, Sturl. i. 18; or in mod. use, e. fyrir fisk: even used, e. neti (better acc.), to cast a net, Fms. ii. 140; e. snörur, gildru, Mar. passim; egnd snara, Grett. (in a verse).
2. metaph. to provoke, Sks. 232, Fas. i. 39; reiði Drottins þá uppegnd er, Pass. 40. 3.
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f. = eggjan; egningar-kviðr, m. a kind of verdict, v. kviðr.
adv.
1) ever, = ey, æ;
ei ok ei, forever and ever;
2) not, = eigi (as aldri for aldrigi).
and ey (cp. also æ), adv. [cp. Gr. αἰών; Lat. aevum; Goth. aivs = eternity, everlasting time: hence are derived the O. H. G. eva, A. S. æ, Hel. êo, in the metaph. sense of law (the law being symbolical of what is everlasting), which word still remains in the mod. Germ. ehe = marriage; whence the mod. Germ. echt = genuine, mod. Dan. ægte, mod. Icel. ekta, q. v. (Grimm)]:—ever; the phrase, ei ok ei, or ey ok ey, for ever and ever; gott ey gömlum mönnum, gott ey ungum mönnum, Landn. 45; öllungis muntu hafa þau ei ok ei, Hom. 15, Al. 120; hans ríki stendr ei ok ei, 160; Guðs ei lifanda, Blas. 43: the proverbs, ey sér til gyldis gjöf, Hm. 146; ey getr kvikr kú, 69; ey lýsir mön af mari, Vþm. 12; ey bað hon halda, Hkv. 1. 4; ey var mér týja, Akv. 27; lifa ey, Hm. 15, 34; er ok ey eða ei þat er aldregi þrýtr, Skálda 172; ei at vera, 677. 3; til hins sama var ey at ætla, Bs. i. 108.
II. [Dan. ei, Swed. ej], not ever, not, properly a contraction from ei-gi, in the MSS. freq. spelt é or e̅g̅; ei is often used in mod. writers, but not in speech; …
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n. isthmus, neck of land (mjött e.).
n. an isthmus, neck of land; mjótt e., Eg. 129; rastarlangt eið, Fms. ix. 402; hence the names of places, Satíris-eið, the Mull of Cantire, Orkn. 152; Skalp-eið, Scalpa (in Orkney), 244; Eiðar (a farm), Eiða-skógr (in Sweden), Eiða-fjörðr, Eiðs-berg, Eiðs-vágr, Eiðs-völlr (in Norway), Eið = Aith (in Shetland).
f. poet. mother (rare).
u, f. [Ulf. aiþei; Finn. aiti], a mother, Edda 108; an obsolete word, which only occurs once or twice in old poetry; perhaps akin to edda, q. v.
n. breach of oath.
n. breach of oath, Band. 6.
n. oath-help.
n. an oath help, Fas. ii. 204.
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f. pl. women as compurgators, Grett. 161.
n. oath helpers, compurgators.
n. men ready to take an oath, Eg. 503, referring to Norway, the men elected to an oath of twelve.
n. the matter of taking an oath.
n. an oath affair, Sturl. iii. 2.
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f. a fine for an (unlawful) oath, N. G. L. i. 211.
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n. giving security for an oath, bail, N. G. L. i. 314, 321.
(-s, -ar), m. oath; vinna, sverja eið, to take (swear) an oath; rjúfa eið, to break an oath; ganga til eiða, to proceed to the taking of oaths; eigi verðr einn eiðr alla, a single oath does not clear all men.
m. [Ulf. aiþs; A. S. að; Engl. oath; North. E. aith; Swed. ed; Dan. eed; Germ. eid]
I. an oath; vinna eið, but also sverja eið, to take an oath, to swear, Glúm. 387, Nj. 36, Grág., Sdm. 23; ganga til eiða, to proceed to the taking an oath, Nj., Grág.; eiðar, orð ok særi, Vsp. 30; fullr e., a full, just oath, Grett. 161; rjúfa eið, to break an oath (eið-rofi); perjury is mein-særi, rarely mein-eiðr (Swed.-Dan. men-ed, Germ. mein-eid); eiðar úsærir, false, equivocal oaths, Sks. 358; hence the proverb, lítið skyldi í eiði úsært, with the notion that few oaths can bear a close scrutiny, Grett. 161; trúnaðar-e., hollustu-e., an oath of fealty, allegiance: cp. the curious passages in Sturl. i. 66 and iii. 2, 3; dýr eiðr, a solemn oath; sáluhjálpar-e., sverja dýran sáluhjálpar-eið, to swear an oath of salvation (i. e. as I wish to be saved). In the Norse law a man was discharged upon the joint oath of himself and a certain number of men (oath-helpers, compurgators, or oath-volunteers); oaths therefore are distinguished by the number of compurgators,—in grave cases of felony (treason etc. …
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m. a sworn confederate.
m. an oath-brother, confederate, Fms. ix. 294, Bær. 16: metaph., arnar e., the oath-brother of the eagle, the raven Fagrsk 4 (in a verse).
pp. oath-bound.
part. bound by oath, Hkr. iii. 26.
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m. pl. inhabitants of an isthmus, Fms. viii. 194.
n. failing in one’s oath.
n. a law term, failing in one’s oath, Grág. ii. 22, Glúm. 387, K. Þ. K. 146.
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a, m. one who fails in an oath, N. G. L. i. 431.
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ð, a law term, to charge one with a thing by an oath, Grág. i. 244. 245, Sturl. iii. 98, (in a case of alimentation.)
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and eið-færsla, f. charging by an oath, Grág. i. 235, 244, 245.
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adj. able, competent to take an oath, Fb. i. 555.
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f. a Norse law term, ‘oath-help,’ metaph. last help, issue; svá er, segir Þórarinn, ok er þó nokkur í eiðhjálpin, Band. (MS.) 16, H. E. i. 467, v. l.
adv. without an oath.
n. adj. without an oath. K. Þ. K. 72.
n. breach of an oath.
n. breach of an oath, perjury, K. Á. 148.
m. violator of an oath, perjurer.
(eið-rofa), a, m. a perjurer, violater of an oath, Fms. viii. 387, K. Á. 148, N. G. L. i. 152, 429, Edda 43.
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m. pl. ‘Oath-sibs,’ the name of a confederation of kinglets in southern Norway: whence the name Eiðsifja-lög, m. pl. a collection of laws in N. G. L. i. The word is differently spelt, Heiðsifjar, Heiðsævi, etc. But the syllable eið- may be derived from eið, an isthmus, because their parliament was held on an isthmus, Eid, now called Eidsvold; vide Munch.
n. taking of an oath; hlýða til ~s e-s, to listen to one’s oath.
n. delivery of an oath, in the Icel. law phrase, hlýða til eiðspjalls e-s, to listen to one’s oath, Nj., Grág. i. 39, 76, etc.
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að, to say the oath formula for another to repeat, D. N.
m. oath-formula.
m. the form or wording of an oath; sverja með þessum eiðstaf, Gþl. 7, Fms. vi. 53, viii. 150, x. 418.
m. one bound by oath, liege-man.
a, m. a confederate, one bound by oath, Nj. 192: a liegeman bound by a hollustu-e., Orkn. 106, Fms. v. 44 (Hkr. ii. 333).
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adj. such that it may be sworn to, absolutely true, Eg. 347 (in a verse, MS.; Ed. auðsært).
f. the taking of an oath.
f. the taking an oath, Grág. i. 57.
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adj. ‘oath-fast,’ religious as to an oath, Lex. Poët.
a. cautious (conscientious) as to an oath.
adj. cautious (conscientious) as to an oath, Ísl. ii. 98.
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f. = eiðunning, K. Þ. K. 156.
n. testimony on oath.
n. testimony on oath, Jb. 448.
I)
(á, átta, áttr), v.
1) to own, possess (Starkaðr átti hest góðan);
2) to have (~ börn, föður, móður, vin);
~ konu, to have her for wife;
hann átti Gró, he was married to G.;
hann gekk at ~ Þóru, he took Th. for his wife, he married Th.;
enga vil ek þessa ~, I will not marry any of these;
~ heima, to have a home, to live (þeir áttu heima austr í Mörk);
~ sér e-t = ~ e-t (Höskuldr átti sér dóttur, er Hallgerðr hét);
~ ván e-s, to have hope of a thing, to reckon upon;
~ hlut at or í e-u, to have a share in a thing, to be concerned in;
~ vald á e-u, to have within one’s power;
3) to be under obligation, be obliged, have to do a thing;
tólf menn, þeir er fylgð áttu með konungi, who were bound to attend the king’s person;
á ek þar fyrir at sjá, I am bound (I have) to see to that;
átti Hrútr för í Vestfjorðu, H. had to go to the V.;
4) to have a right (claim) to, be entitled to (~ högg ok höfn í skóginum);
~ mál í e-m, to have a charge against one;
~ rétt á sér, to have a (personal) claim to redress;
5) to keep, hold;
~ fund, þing, samkvámu, stefnu, to hold a meeting; …
u, f. ownership, property; þá er af hans e., Grág. ii. 304, Gþl. 312; alla eigu sína (al-eiga), Nj. 11; eiga í eigunni (mod. eigu sinni), to own, possess, Fms. vii. 156, 280; kasta eigu sinni á, to take in possession, Eg. 335.
COMPD: eiguligr.
I)
(á, átta, áttr), v.
1) to own, possess (Starkaðr átti hest góðan);
2) to have (~ börn, föður, móður, vin);
~ konu, to have her for wife;
hann átti Gró, he was married to G.;
hann gekk at ~ Þóru, he took Th. for his wife, he married Th.;
enga vil ek þessa ~, I will not marry any of these;
~ heima, to have a home, to live (þeir áttu heima austr í Mörk);
~ sér e-t = ~ e-t (Höskuldr átti sér dóttur, er Hallgerðr hét);
~ ván e-s, to have hope of a thing, to reckon upon;
~ hlut at or í e-u, to have a share in a thing, to be concerned in;
~ vald á e-u, to have within one’s power;
3) to be under obligation, be obliged, have to do a thing;
tólf menn, þeir er fylgð áttu með konungi, who were bound to attend the king’s person;
á ek þar fyrir at sjá, I am bound (I have) to see to that;
átti Hrútr för í Vestfjorðu, H. had to go to the V.;
4) to have a right (claim) to, be entitled to (~ högg ok höfn í skóginum);
~ mál í e-m, to have a charge against one;
~ rétt á sér, to have a (personal) claim to redress;
5) to keep, hold;
~ fund, þing, samkvámu, stefnu, to hold a meeting; …
pret. átti; pret. subj. ætti, pres. eigi; pres. ind. á, 2nd pers. átt (irreg. eigr, Dipl. v. 24), pl. eigum, 3rd pers. pl. old form eigu, mod. eiga; imperat. eig and eigðu; sup. átt; with suffixed neg. pres. ind. 1st pers. á’k-at, 2nd pers. átt-attu; pret. subj. ættim-a: [Gr. ἔχω; Goth. aigan; A. S. âgan; Hel. êgan; O. H. G. eigan; Swed. äga; Dan. eje; Engl. to owe and own, of which the former etymologically answers to ‘eiga,’ the latter to ‘eigna’]:—to have, possess.
A. ACT.
I. denoting ownership, to possess:
1. in a proper sense; allt þat góz sem þeir eiga eðr eigandi verða, D. N. i. 80; hann eigr hálfa jörðina, Dipl. v. 24; Björn hljóp þá á skútu er hann átti, Eb. 6; Starkaðr átti hest góðan, Nj. 89; þau áttu gnótt í búi, 257; hón á allan arf eptir mik, 3; átti hón auð fjár, Ld. 20; ef annarr maðr ferr með goðorð en sá er á, Grág. i. 159; annat vápnit, ok á þat Þorbjörn, en Þorgautr á þetta, Ísl. ii. 341; eignir þær er faðir hans hafði átt, Eb. 4; í ríki því er Dana konungar höfðu átt þar lengi, Fms. xi. 301, Rb. 494, Eb. 54, 118, 256, 328, Sturl. ii. 60, Eg. 118; …
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(pl. eigendr), m. owner, possessor.
pl. eigendr, part. possessor, owner, Grág. i. 419, 420, 623. 21.
I)
n.
1) one’s own, one’s property;
2) new sprout of corn.
II)
a. indecl. own, = ~n (var jarðaðr í sinni ~ borg);
this ‘~’ may also be considered as the first part of a compound.
n. [Ulf. aigin = οὐσία], one’s own, of property; sitt eigin, his own, Stj. 448; girnask annars eigins, Hom. 54, Fms. ix. 453, v. l., Grág. ii. 191 (rare), vide eign.
II. a seed, Edda (Gl.); cp. the Norse iend or ejende = the first sprouts of corn, Ivar Aasen.
a. own, proper (með samþykt ~ar konu).
adj. [A. S. âgen; Engl. own; North. E. ain; Germ. eigen; Swed.-Dan. egen]:—own, one’s own; this word is in mod. usage indecl. in case and number, only marking the gender, e. g. mín, minnar, mínum eigin …, but mitt eigið, etc.; old writers use a full declension, til eiginnar konu, K. Á. 110; eigna konu, Str. 20; sínum eignum bróður, Hom. 158; spýju sína eigna, 159; í sínu eignu fóstrlandi, Stj. 103; fyrir sínum eignum sonum, 240; hafa at eignum manni, one’s own husband, Fagrsk. 10; eiginnar konu barn, 13.
m. husband.
m. one’s own husband, K. Á. 122, 655 xxxi. 3.
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f. one’s own bride, Lex. Poët.
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f. one’s own county, Fms. ii. 185.
f. one’s own daughter.
f. one’s own daughter, Stj. 516.
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f. part. one’s own wife, H. E. ii. 111.
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dep. to marry, Bs. ii. 167.
f. selfishness.
and eigin-girni, f. selfishness, Stj. 134, Fas. i. 396.
a. selfish.
and eigin-gjarn, adj. selfish, Sks. 528.
f. wife.
f. one’s own housewife, Stj. 251.
f. wife.
n, f. one’s own wife, Eg. 342, Grág. i. 376, K. Á. 122, Fms. vii. 306, x. 265, Sturl. ii. 197.
pp. lawfully married (of a man).
and eigin-kvæntr, part. lawfully married, 671 B. 17, Sturl. i. 226.
n. peculiarity.
n. ‘own-kind,’ peculiarity, Stj. 22.
m. quality, peculiarity.
(-leiki), m. peculiarity, quality, Skálda 174.
a. one’s own, personal, particular; sjá eiginligum augum, with one’s own eyes; eiginligt nafn, proper name.
adj. (-liga, adv. properly), one’s own, Fms. v. 232, x. 230, Magn. 496, K. Á. 432: gramm., e. nafn, a proper name, Skálda 185.
m. husband.
m. one’s own wedded husband, K. Á. 136, Titus i. 6.
n.
1) possession; fá e-t at ~i, to get possession of, opp. to ‘fá e-t at láni’;
2) wedding, marriage (bjóða e-m konu til ~s).
n. as a law term, ownership, possession, Grág. i. 417, ii. 259, Ó. H. 98; fá at eiginorði, to get into possession, Eg. 511.
2. metaph. a wedding, betrothal, Korm. 74, Grág. i. 162, 174, 310, Vígl. 20.
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f. = eiginkona, Str., (for. word.)
f. one’s own native tongue.
u, f. one’s own native tongue, Edda 153 (pref.)
f.
1) property, possession; kasta sinni e., leggja e. sína, á e-t, to take possession of;
2) estate, landed property, esp. pl. (hann átti eignir í Vík austr).
f. property, possession, patrimony; ríki þessu er ek kalla mína eign, Fms. i. 201; fá til eignar, to get, Stj. 484; kasta sinni eign á e-t, to take into possession, Fms. iv. 238, Eg. 466.
β. chiefly in pl. estates, landed property, opp. to lausafé or movable; hann átti eignir í Vík austr, Eg. 466, K. Á. 84: sing., en ef eign (a landed estate) er í þegngildi, Gþl. 131; eignir eða lausafé, N. G. L. i. 121; eignir er hann tekr, 122.
COMPDS: eignalauss, eignarbúr, eignarhluti, eignarjörð, eignarkona, eignarlýðr, eignarlýrittr, eignarmaðr, eignarmark, eignarnafn, eignarskipti, eignarvitni.
(að), v.
1) to assign, attribute to one (~ e-m e-t); ~ sér e-t, to declare a thing to be one’s own property, to take to oneself; ~ sér land, to take land into one’s own hands;
refl., ~st, to become the owner of, to get;
2) to dedicate to, name after one (~ e-m kvæði, ~ Þór hof).
að; e. e-m e-t, to attribute to one, Stj. 25, Grett. 147 A, Fms. v. 277: to dedicate, name after one, mikit hof ok eignat Þór, i. 294; kirkju ok e. hinum helga Kolumba, Landn. 43; eigna daga vitrum mönnum heiðnum, Bs. i. 237; eigna sér, to declare a thing to be one’s own property; fé minu ok eignir ykkr Helgu, say that you and Helga are the owners, Nj. 257; e. sér land, to take land into one’s own hands, Fms. v. 168: the proverb, sér eignar smalamaðr fé, þó enga eigi hann kindina, the shepherd calls the flock his own, though he owns not a sheep.
2. reflex. to get, become the owner of, Grág. i. 4, Nj. 94, Fms. i. 28, iv. 79, Edda 145 (pref.): part. eignaðr, having possession, Fms. iv. 23, v. l.
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n. one’s own barn, N. G. L. i. 383.
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m. private share, property, Dipl. ii. 6: part of an estate, Bs. i. 762.
f. patrimony.
f. a patrimony, landed inheritance, Bs. ii. 11.
f. = eiginkona.
f. = eiginkona, Fms. x. 152, K. Á. 136.
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m. one’s own people, Stj.
m. legal title of ownership.
m., vide lýrittr, Grág. ii. 204.
m. owner, possessor.
m. an owner, possessor, Jb. 371, Dipl. v. 9.
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n. a mark of ownership (on cattle), Jb. 121.
n. proper name.
n. a proper name, Stj. 258, Fms. xi. 444.
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n. [mod. Dan. mageskifte], exchange of land, Jb. 192, D. N.
n. witness of ownership.
(-vætti), n. a witness of ownership, Jb. 191.
a. having no property, destitute.
adj. without estates, Fagrsk. 33.
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að, to walk heavily, denoting pain from age or debility, Fas. ii. 130 (in a verse), now freq.
a. worth having, precious.
adj. (eigur-ligr, Barl. 205), worth having, precious, Fms. i. 294, v. 260, Sks. 696, Sturl. i. 2.
(gen. eikar and eikr, pl. eikr), f. oak, also a tree in general.
gen. eikar, pl. eikr, [O. H. G. eik; Germ. eiche; A. S. âc; Engl. oak; North. E. aik; Swed. ek; Dan. eg]:—an oak, Skálda 151.
2. used in Icel. (where are no trees) in the general sense of tree, Lat. arbor; and wherever found it is a sure test of Icel. authorship; brotna eikrnar fyrir því, Fb. i. 133; í skóg við eik eina, Fs. 69; hann reist á honum kviðinn ok leiddi hann um eik, Nj. 275, Fms. xi. 9, 12 (Jómsv. S.), (an ‘oak’ with apples); átu hverjar aðrar því eikrnar með skyndi, Núm. 2. 98; ‘saepius ventis agitatur ingens pinus’ (of Horace) is by Stefan Olafsson rendered, opt vindar ‘eik’ þjá ef að hún er mjög há, Snót 87: but in the oldest proverbs the sense is probably that of oak, e. g. þat hefir eik er af annari skefr, cp. one man’s meat, another man’s poison, Hbl. 22, Grett. 53 new Ed.; or, þá verðr eik at fága sem undir skal búa, Eg. 520;—this last proverb seems to refer to an old custom of building houses under an old oak as a holy tree.
n. oak timber.
n. oak timber, Lex. Poët.
a. wild, vehement (of fire).
adj. savage (of a bull), freq. in mod. use; in Skm. 17, 18 it is used of wild-fire.
II. oaken, Edda i. 430 (in a verse).
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u, f. oak-peg (?), is the name of one of the bondmaids in Rm. from her stumpy figure.
m. oaken beam.
m. an oaken beam, El. 12.
f. oaken club.
f. an oaken club, Lex. Poët.
m. pile of oak wood.
m. a pile of oak-wood, Gh. 20.
m. oak wood, oak forest.
m. an oak-shaw, oak-wood, Fms. vi. 426, xi. 224.
m. stump of an oak.
a, m. the stump of an oak, Flóv.
m. oak stock.
m. an oak-stock, Fms. vii. 37.
f. oaken column.
u, f. an oaken column, Róm. 148.
pp. with oaken pegs.
part. with oaken pegs, Sks. 418.
m. oak wood, oak timber.
m. an oak-wood, Sks. 415.
m. twig of an oak tree.
m. a twig of an oak-tree, Sks. 416.
f. a small ferry-boat.
u, f. [eikja, Ivar Aasen], a small ferry-boat, Hbl. 7, Fms. iv 185, viii. 37, N. G. L. i. 239, 243; for Bs. i. 674 vide eykr.
m. reek, vapour.
m. and eimi, a, m. [this word may be akin to O. H. G. âtam; Germ. athem; Fris. ethma, adema, omma; A. S. âdm,—a Scandin. contracted form would be sounded eim; Dan. em; Norse æm, Ivar Aasen]:—reek, vapour, from fire or embers, different to gufa, steam from boiling; eimr ok reykr, Stj. 58; e. ok aldrnari, vapour and fire, Vsp. 57; eim hratt, vapour gushed out, Orkn. (in a verse); eimr skaut hrími, the vapour sent forth soot, Lex. Poët.: when the poets (Edda Gl.) call fire eimr, this can only be in a metaphorical sense; the sword is poët. called eimnir, m. reeking (with blood).
β. in mod. usage eimr is also used of sound, a faint sound, tune; fyrir sönglistar sætan eim, Bb. 1. 4.
f. embers (eldr ok ~; all er ægir sem í eimyrju hrœri).
u, f. [Dan. æmmer; Ivar Aasen eimor], embers; in allit. phrases, eldr ok e., Fms. iii. 180, Fas. ii. 75 (in a verse), or eisa ok e.; hann var borinn í eimyrju, Greg. 57; akin to eimr, qs. eim-myrja, a quantity of eimr, q. v.
adv. firmly, heartily.
adv. firmly, Fms. ix. 509, v. l.: heartily, 625. 195; vel ok e., well and heartily, Fms. x. 35; eigi mjök e., not very heartily, 99.
a. firm, determined-looking, faithful.
adj. firm, trusty looking, Fms. ii. 39.
adv.
1) incessantly;
2) straight, directly.
mod. einatt, or even einlagt, adv. incessantly; gékk annarr maðr út en annarr inn einart, one went out and another in incessantly, Fms. iv. 261; sitja einart við drykk, xi. 366; mærin grét einart, the girl ‘grat sore,’ kept on weeping, Eg. 481; fylgja e., to follow on one’s heels, 371; Ögmundr var e. (always) með Karli, Sd. 171; sóttusk e. í ákafa, Ísl. ii. 268; hann ferr einart (straight, directly) til himna-ríkis, Hom. 159; boginn má eigi e. uppi vera, a bow must not be ever bent, 623. 19; lá þó allr herrinn Dana ok Svía einart í skotmáli, Fms. ii. 313.
a. indecl. only, single; e. barn, only child; e. vinr, only friend, intimate friend.
[from einigr; Ulf. ainaha; A. S. ânga; Germ. einig], only, single; only used in COMPDS: eingabarn, eingabrúðr, eingadóttir, eingadróttinn, eingasauðr, eingasonr, eingavinr.
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n. an only bairn, Barl. 174, Þiðr. 130, Sturl. ii. 197, Bær. 14.
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f. the only beloved bride, Lex. Poët. (the Church, the bride of Christ).
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f. an only daughter, Fas. i. (in a verse), Stj. 407. Judges xi. 34, Þiðr. 224, Fas. i. 76.
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m. the only Lord, Hom. 74.
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m. an only sheep, Stj. 516. 2 Sam. xii. 4.
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m. an only son, Mar. 43, Gg. 2, Karl. 209.
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m. an only friend, bosom friend, Nj. 77. In mod. usage einka- (q. v.) is used instead of einga-, which is an obsolete form; and even in old MSS. both forms occur, e. g. Stj. (l. c.), v. l.: Þiðr. 130 spells ‘einka-,’ and it even occurs in old vellums as 623, p. 41; einka-sonr, Luke vii. 12.
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einginn, in old writers more freq. spelt ‘eng’ (which accords with the mod. pronunciation), engi, enginn, qs. einn-gi from einn, one, and the negative suffix -gi:—none.
A. THE FORMS vary greatly:
1. the adjective is declined, and the suffix left indeclinable; obsolete forms are, dat. eino-gi or einu-gi (nulli), ægishjálmr bergr einugi, Fm. 17; einugi feti framar, not a step further, Ls. 1; svá illr at einugi dugi, Hm. 134; in old laws, ef maðr svarar einugi, Grág. (Þ. Þ.) i. 22; acc. sing. engi, engi mann, Hkv. 1. 37; engi frið, Hm. 15; engi jötun (acc.), Vþm. 2; engi eyjarskeggja, Fas. i. 433 (in a verse); also in prose, engi mann, Ó. H. 68; engi hlut, 33, 34: engi liðsamnað, 36, Mork. passim; engi knút fékk hann leyst, ok engi álarendann hreift, Edda 29.
2. the -gi changes into an adjective termination -igr; gen. sing. fem. einigrar, Hom. 22, Post. 645. 73; dat. sing. fem. einigri. Hom. 17; acc. sing. fem. einiga, Fas. i. 284 (in a verse); nom. pl. einigir, Jd. 1; fem. einigar, Grág. i. 354; gen. pl. einigra, Post. 73; dat. einigum: this obsolete declension is chiefly used in the sense of any, vide below. …
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a.
1) any;
2) no, = engi.
v. eingi.
f. unity (þrennr í ~u).
f. unity, Hom. 55, Ver. 46, Fms. i. 281, Sks. 604.
(gen. einis), m. juniper.
m. [Swed. en] juniper, Edda (Gl.), Stj. 396, Hjalt. einir-ber, n. berries of the juniper, Hjalt. einir-lauf, n. leaves of the juniper, Björn.
(að), v. to appoint for a particular use (~ e-t til e-s).
að, to appoint for a peculiar use; hann einkaði til þess eitt hús, Sks. 622; hlutr einkaðr kirkjunni, H. E. i. 258; ok var þar til einkaðr Guðmundr prestr, Bs. i. 452: to dedicate, Karl. 301.
adv. especially, particularly.
adv. especially, particularly, Fms. i. 20, 191, K. Á. 216, 230, Bs. i. 771.
a. special, extraordinary.
adj. especial, Stj. 6, H. E. i. 502, 655 xxxii. 8: extraordinary, Bs. ii. 18, 159, 170.
adv. very, exceedingly (e. fagr, hræddr); e. mjök, very much e. skjótt, with great speed; e. vel, extremely well; in compds. with nouns = einka-.
prefixed to adjectives or adverbs = Scot. unco = specially, greatly, very; e. vel, very well, Fms. xi. 18; e. fagr, very fine, beautiful, ii. 300; e. skjótt, with great speed, Eg. 354; e. trauðr, very unwilling, Fms. xi. 98; e. mjök, very much, viii. 186; e. lítill, very small, Fbr. 99 new Ed.: cp. Lex. Poët., (very freq. in mod. use.)
in compds., special, particular.
(rarely einkar-), in COMPDS denoting,
I. special, personal, particular: einka-gjöf, f. a special gift, Lex. Poët. einka-grið, n. special truce, N. G. L. i. 417. einka-gripr, m. a special family heir-loom, Glúm. 339; bæði rúnar ok e., runes and tokens, Fms. vi. 274. einka-hlutr, m. a special, particular, personal thing, 625. 195. einka-jartein, f. a special token, Skálda 167. einka-leyfi, n. a law term, an especial leave, Grág. i. 364, ii. 491, 492: (mod.) a privilege. einka-lof, n. id., Grág. i. 6. einka-lækning, f. an especial remedy, Hom. einka-maðr, m. a person of special rank, a dignitary, Sks. 271, N. G. L. i. 4. einka-mál, n. pl. a special, personal agreement, treaty, Eg. 37, Fagrsk. 179, Fms. i. 23, ii. 290; binda sætt eiðum ok einka-málum, vii. 282: a privilege, e. ok réttarbaetr, Bs. i. 699, Js. 47, Játv. 8. einkar-eðli (einka-öðli), n. especial nature, Skálda 171, 677. …
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adv.
1) chiefly, especially;
2) very (e. góðr, e. bezt).
dat. used as adv. ‘unco,’ chiefly, especially, Landn. 282, Fms. xi. 25, viii. 102, Fs. 21, K. Þ. K. 162.
2. = einkar, very; e. góð, Hom. 111; e. vel, 655 xxx. 7; e. lítið, Sks. 188; e. bezt, Mork. 79.
3. particularly, Fms. xi. 45, 127.
f. a meeting held in einmánaðr.
u, f. a meeting held (in northern and eastern Icel.) at the beginning of the Einmanad, mentioned in Sturl. iii. 311, Lv. 65, Vápn. (Ný Fél. xxi. 124), Jb. 301, Fs. 67.
card. numb. and pron.
1) one;
~ skal við ~ eiga, one shall fight against one;
~ ok ~, one by one, one at a time, singly;
2) as ord. numb. = inn fyrsti (Urð hétu eina, aðra Verðandi, Skuld ina þriðju);
3) the same, one and the same (váru sveinarnir up fœddir báðir í einu þorpi);
allt í eina leið, all in one way;
~ … ok, the same as (í einu herbergi ok hinn);
allr ~, the very same, quite the same (þat er allt eitt ok himinn);
allt at einu, nevertheless, for all that (þó at þú þjónaðir illum, þó var hann allt at einu þinn herra);
4) indef. one, a certain (~ vetr, ~ dag, eitt kveld);
~ vinr Þóris, a certain friend of Th.;
before numbers, about, some;
einar fimm þúsundir, some five thousand;
einir … aðrir, some … others (einir tóku dúka ok aðrir rekkjublæjur);
~ ok ýmiss, one and another (einar ok ýmissar þjóðir);
5) after a negation, any;
né eitt, not anything;
6) gen. pl. ‘~a’ used in an intensive sense;
~a manna bezt, best of all (single) men;
~a verst, by far the worst;
~a sízt, by far the least, least of all;
engi er ~a hvatastr, no man is superior to all others;
7) alone (Guðrún skyldi ein ráða fyrir fé þeirra); …
adj., pl. einir, acc. sing. einn, but also einan, esp. in the sense al-einan etc.; [Gr. εἱς, εν; Lat. ūnus, and early Lat. oinos; Ulf. ains; A. S. ân; Engl. one, in E. Engl. proncd. like stone, bone; Scot. ane; Swed. en; Dan. een]:—one.
A. Cardinal number, one; einn, tveir, þrír …, opp. to báðir, fleiri, etc.; einum eðr fleirum, Grág. i. 108; eina sök eðr fleiri, 78; unnu báðir eins verk, Fas. i. 515; einum ok einum, one by one, ii. 252; tveir menn veðmæltu um einn grip, Grág. i. 412.
2. in old poems it is used as an ordinal number; Urð hétu eina, aðra Verðandi, Vsp. 20; segðu þat it eina …, opp. to þat it annat, Vþm. 20; hjálp heitir eitt, help ranks first, Hm. 147, Vkv. 2; but this use is quite obsolete.
3. with the notion of sameness, one and the same (unus et idem;) í einu húsi, in the same house, Grág. ii. 42; ein ero lög um, hvárt sem ero naut eðr sauðir, i. 422; allt á eina leið, all one way, Fms. ii. 315; til einnar gistingar báðir, vii. 274; í einu brjósti, Alm. 36; allr einn, the very same, Nj. 213.
II. …
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(= einn veg), adv. in the same way, likewise, also; á ~ (= á einn veg), in the same manner.
(einn-eg, einn-og, einn-ug), in mod. pronunciation and in MSS. of the 15th century einninn or einneginn (qs. einn veginn), adv. [from einn and vegr, qs. einn veg; cp. hvernig, how; þannig, thus; hinnig, otherwise]:—in the same way, likewise, also; the subst. notion is still seen in the phrase, á einneg, in the same manner, 686 B. 12, Hom. (St.) 64; ek vil sjá hvernog þú markar þinn hlut, at eigi markim vit einnog báðir, Hkr. iii. 59; eigi þótti öllum einnug, Ísl. ii. 352; Torfa Svartsson einnig (likewise), Sturl. i. 103; einneginn Ölver, O. likewise, Fas. iii. 470; fylgir honum ok einninn sá kappi, Fas. i. 419; létu þeir einninn syngja í kirkju, Bs. (Laur. S.)
f. hermitess, anchoress.
u, f. a female anchorite, Bs. i. 478, Ld. 332, Hkr. i. 316.
n. = einsetulifnaðr.
n. and einsetu-lifnaðr, m. the life of an anchorite, Bs. i. 204, Stj. 154, 158.
m. = einsetubróðir.
m. an anchorite, Fms. i. 145.
m. = einsetubróðir.
m. a hermit, Greg. 70, 655 iii. 4.
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m. a state of bereavement.
a.
1) single = einfaldr; einslig tala, singular number;
2) private (einslig áminning);
3) especial, particular.
adj. (-liga, adv.), alone, by oneself, Sks. 2: singly, Fms. i. 139, Stj. 184: especial, Magn. 512: gramm. singular, Skálda 185, 191.
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adv., like öllungis, solely, only, (mod.)
m. autocrat, monarch.
a, m. a monarch, Ann. 492.
m. absolute king.
m. an absolute king, Fms. i. 4, Eg. 6, 118, 263.
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n. an empire, Stj. 576, Fms. i. 19.
m. one who fights in single combat, a duellist.
m. one who fights in single combat, Fms. x. 88.
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in compds denoting only, or only one in an intensive sense, vide the following words.
m. a great strait (vaskr öruggr, í ~i).
m., Lat. angustiae, a narrow passage: metaph. a great strait; the proverb, margr verðr vaskr í einangrinum, þótt lítt sé vaskir þess á milli, many a man is bold in perils, though …, Eb. 60; útilleitinn (unprovoking) en öruggr i einangri, but bold if put in a strait, Grett. 120.
(að), v. to put one in a strait.
að, to put one in a strait, drive into a corner, Stj. 71.
a.
1) single (einart þak);
2) firm, determined, reliable.
(qs. ein-harðr), adj. firm, and metaph. honest, sincere; einörð trú, firm belief, Hom. 38, 159; röskr maðr ok e., a bold and trusty man, Nj. 223; e. ok skelegr, firm and undaunted, Sturl. iii. 217; djarfr ok e., daring and bold. Fms. iv. 204: faithful, trusty, ix. 256, opposed to tvídrægr.
II. single; einörð sæng, a single bed, D. N. ii. 94 (Fr.); bæta einörðum rétti, to pay a single fine, N. G. L. i. 69, 71,—this sense is Norse and obsolete and rarely occurs in Icel. writers; einart þak, a single thatch, Ld. 280; en hann slítr af sér böndin eigi seinna en einarðan vef, Stj. 416. Judges xiv. 12 (‘like a thread,’ A. V.)
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adv. only, solely, Sks. 439: in mod. usage also adj. indecl.
pp. once-baked.
part. once-baked, Stj. 279.
m. single-handed slayer.
a, m., poët. the only, i. e. the great, slayer, Hým. 22, Hkm. 3.
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m. a single ring, opp. to tví-baugr, a double ring.
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adj. resolute.
n. only child.
mod. ein-birni, n. [barn], the only bairn, only heir, Grág. ii. 183, Eg. 25, 83.
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adj. sheer, pure.
pp. sole, only (~ kostr).
part. (cp. baugr
II. 4), in the phrase, e. kostr, dire necessity, only chance, Hkr. ii. 172, Orkn. 58.
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(ein-bjarga), adj. able to help oneself, Bs. i. 328.
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brá, to braid a single knot.
a. of a single breadth, half a yard broad (of stuff).
adj. of a single breadth, half a yard broad, of stuff, opp. to tví-breiðr, N. G. L. iii. 114.
m. single dweller.
a, m. a single dweller, Eg. 109.
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(ein-býli), n. [ból], a single household, opp. to tví-býli, Fms. iv. 93, Fagrsk. 57.
(að), v. to fix a day for a thing (~ fé, þing, leigu, brullaup).
að, to fix a day for pay or the like, with acc.; e. fé, þing, brullaup, etc., Grág. i. 102, 266, 391, Gþl. 212.
m. a fixed time, term.
a, m. a term for pay or any other duty to be done, Grág. i. 3, 383, Fms. v. 278, N. G. L. i. 7, 27, 83.
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part., e. vili, decided, firm will.
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f. (ein-drægr, adj.), unanimity, harmony, Ephes. iv. 3.
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mod. and more freq. inn-dæll, adj., prop. very easy: metaph. agreeable, Fas. ii. 492; vide inndæll.
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n. a law term, the right to be an absolute, sole umpire or judge in a case, Sturl. ii. 2, Fms. ii. 11, O. H. L. 36; cp. sjálf-dæmi.
2. a single example, Sks. 649: an unexampled thing, cp. the proverb, eindæmin eru verst, Grett. 93 A, vide dæmi; cp. also endemi.
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part. one-edged, Stj. 383.
(= eins eiðr), n. silence oath.
n. (eins-eiðr, m., K. Á. 150, Gþl. 25), a single oath (vide eiðr), Gþl. 196, 361, K. Þ. K. 42, Jb. 119, 120, 123, 126, 443, passim.
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adv. with sole ownership, D. N.
f. sole ownership.
f. sole ownership, D. N.
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n. the singling one out.
a. one-eyed.
(ein-eygr), adj. one-eyed, Bárð. 178, Fas. i. 379.
(að), v. to use in the singular; ~ ákall, to address with ‘thou’.
að, to ‘single,’ address with ‘thou,’ Sks. 303.
m. simplicity.
(ein-faldleiki), m. simplicity, Stj. 34, 44, Hom. 67.
adv. simply, singly.
adv. simply, Stj. 60, K. Á. 224: specially, singularly, Skálda 190, Alg. 354.
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adj. simple, singular, Skálda 190.
a.
1) simple; single;
2) weak in intellect, silly;
3) plain, common (~ bóndi).
adj., prop. having ‘one fold,’ Lat. simplex, simple, single, Vm. 135: metaph. simple, plain, of men or things, Bs. ii. 39, 147, Hom. 49, Hkr. iii. 97, Fas. i. 76: simple, silly, (mod.)
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f. pl. walking alone, Hkr. ii. 106; fara einförum, with the notion of melancholy, (freq.)
a. bent on one thing, resolute.
part. [fella], resolute, bent on one thing, Ísl. ii. 36.
a.
1) belonging to the finder alone (hvalr ~);
2) as finder entitled to the whole (~ at hval).
adj. as finder entitled to the whole, N. G. L. ii. 146, l. 9, 13, or belonging only to the finder, id. l. 13, 14.
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adj. able to do for oneself, Fas. ii. 113, Glúm. 344.
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m. a one-legged man, Rb. 344, cp. Þorf. Karl. 432.
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adj. one-legged, Grett. 87.
f. solitary walk; ganga eingöngu, to walk alone.
u, f. = einfarar, N. G. L. iii. 36: eingöngu, as adv. solely.
pp. only begotten.
part., eccl. only begotten, Clem. 40, Sks. 604 (of Christ).
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n. [garn], single-threaded yarn.
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adv. only, exclusively, (mod.)
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and ein-agi, a, m. a piece of ladies’ dress, Edda (Gl.), Bjarn. 42 (in a verse).
a. indecl. single-shaped.
and ein-hamr, adj. ‘one-shaped,’ as equivalent in the phrase eigi e., ‘not single-shaped,’ a werewolf; it is also used with berserkr, q. v.; sem háttr er þeirra manna sem eigi eru einhamir … er af þeim gengr berserks-gangrinn, Eb. 136; Þrándr var kallaðr eigi e. (Thrand was thought to be a werewolf), meðan hann var heiðinn, en þá tók af flestum tröllskap er skírðir vóru, 306; þykkir sem hann hati eigi síðan dyggilega e. verit, Fb. i. 260; því at þú ert eigi e., Ísl. ii. 29: without a preceding eigi (less correctly), at hann hafi sterkastr maðr verit … sá er e. hefir verit, i. e. of those who were not berserkers, Fb. i. 524, Fas. ii. 261; cp. hamr, hamramr, hamremi, hamask, etc.
adv. straight, off-hand.
adv. straight, off-hand, Bs. i. 13 (in a verse).
a. one-handed.
adj. single-handed, Edda 17, Landn. 186.
m. pl. the dead warriors (in Valhalla) sing., einheri, great champion (of Thor).
m. pl. the ‘only’ or great champions, the dead warriors in Valhalla; about this mythological word vide Edda (Gg.) 23–25, Em. 1, Hkm. 16, Gm. 23, Vþm. 40, 41: sing. voc. einheri, thou great champion! (of Thor), Ls. 60: the name Einarr is properly = einheri; cp. einarðr bold, einörð valour, all kindred words.
n. private talk (between two).
n. secret gossip, Ó. T. 2.
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n., einhleypis-maðr, m. = einhleypingr, Gþl. 94.
m. single person without hearth or home.
m. one who goes alone, hence a vagabond or person without hearth or home (cp. Scot. landlouper), Hrafn. 13; e. félausir, Stj. 398. Judges ix. 4 (‘vain and light persons,’ A. V.)
a. single, unmarried.
adj. a single man without fixed household, unmarried, K. Á. 126, N. G. L. i. 142; opp. to búandi, 26.
a. fully sufficient, adequate (til e-s, to); látt sér e-t einhlítt, to rest satisfied with; vera sér ~, not to need the help of others.
adj. [hlíta], trusting to oneself alone, self-confident, not needing the help of another; vera sér e. í e-u, Eb. 90, Orkn. 283; láta sér e-t einhlitt, to think it enough, rest satisfied, Fms. iv. 78; þat var mælt at hón léti mik eigi einhlítan, it was said that she was untrue to me (a euphemism), Sturl. i, 44; svá mundi þá, ef hón hefði bónda sinn einhlítan, gjört, Dropl. 9; vera e. um e-t, to have to decide a thing; eigi em ek e. um svör þessa máls, ok vil ek ráðask um við móður hennar, Ísl. ii. 159.
a. wholly intent on (á e-t).
adj. with one mind, resolute, Fb. iii. 418.
(að), v. to make up one’s mind.
að, to make up one’s mind, Fs. 18.
(-ða, -ðr), v. to turn a thing in one direction; ~ ætlan sína fyrir sér, to decide upon doing a thing.
ð, to decide upon, determine, with acc., Fms. v. 39.
a. determined.
adj. determined, Sturl. i. 213.
pron., see einnhverr; einhvers staðar, somewhere.
v. einn.
a. one-horned.
adj. having one born, Stj. 69.
m. unicorn.
m. ‘one-horn,’ a unicorn, Karl. 386.
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adj. only fit for one thing.
m. a cutting tool or weapon made of one piece of iron.
m. all of one piece of iron, e. g. a knife, Krók. 40.
(að), v. = einka, to assign specially.
að, = einka, to attribute, N. G. L. ii.
(að), v. = einka, to assign specially.
in einkanna-hlutr, m. an especial thing, Fms. vii. 120.
(-da, -dr), v. to furnish with a distinctive mark, disinguish, signalize.
d, to mark, signalise, Stj. Josh. ii. 18, Hkr. iii. 264, v. l.
a. especial, particular.
adj. especial, particular, Str. 3, 39.
f. distinction.
f. distinction, Karl. 288.
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m. [cp. Swed. kela; Dan. kjæle = to fondle], a fondling, Edda (Gl.); hence einkilju-legr, adj. fondled, spoilt, Björn.
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adj. clear, unequivocal, Hkr. iii. 203, v. l.
f. mark of ownership (on animals).
f. a mark, sign, Grág. i. 414, 415, ii. 303, Hkr. iii. 364.
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að, = einkenna, Grág. ii. 345.
(-da, -dr), v. to mark (animals).
t, = einkenna, esp. of marking sheep or cattle, to brand or mark their ears, Grág. i. 414, 415, ii. 303, 348.
a., vera, gerast ~ um e-t, to act alone in a thing.
adj., vera, gerask e. um e-t, to act alone in a thing, Ld. 266, Fms. iv. 87.
n. deserting one’s wife or husband (cf. ‘láta konu eina’).
n. pl. ‘letting alone,’ deserting one’s wife, Grág. i. 178.
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part. neut., in the phrase, það er ekki e., of an uncanny thing, not by fair means.
a. singular in one’s behaviour, odd.
adj. singular, odd, particular, Mar.
a. of one colour.
adj. of one colour, Stj. 45, H. E. i. 492, Rd. 251.
a. obstinate, stubborn.
adj. odd, strange, stubborn, Nj. 184, Sks. 435.
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f. sincerity, earnestness.
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and einlæg-ligr, adj. (-liga, adv.), sincere.
n.
1) = einlyndi;
2) = einlát;
ætla konu ~, to intend to desert one’s wife.
n. = einlát, Hkr. i. 245.
n. solitude; búa í ~i, to live in solitude.
n. solitude, in the phrase, í einmani; nú ef maðr býr í einmani öðrum mönnum fjarri, in solitude, far from other men, N. G. L. i. 340; nú er maðr staddr í einmani, 343.
a. = einmana.
(ein-mana), adj. solitary, alone, lonely; e. svá langt frá öðrum mönnum, Fas. i. 48, iii. 227: with the notion of a helpless, orphan state, þóttisk hann nú mjök e., left alone, Nj. 260; þar þú ert kominn hér e. (single-handed), Fbr. 154; ungr ok e., young and friendless, Fms. viii. 3; hversu e. (how bereft) margir fara, Sl. 48.
a. opinionated.
adj. one-sided in speech, Skálda 164.
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m. the ‘single month,’ i. e. the last month of the winter, thirty days long, beginning on the Tuesday between the 9th and 15th of March (old style), Grág. i. 166, Edda 103, Rb. 516.
COMPD: einmánaðarsamkváma.
m., drekka einmenning, to empty the drinking-horn each one by himself.
m., drekka e., to toss off a bumper at one draught, Eg. 551.
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n. adj. as adv. just, exactly.
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adj. ‘alone remembered,’ memorable, always in a good sense; e. blíðr, exceedingly mild; e. veðr, fine weather, cp. eimuni.
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qs. ein-manaligr, adj. lonely.
n.
1) private talk or conference;
2) common talk (var þat allra manna ~).
n. private talk or conference, Eg. 54, 741, Nj. 10, Sks. 363, Fms. i. 204, iv. 123, 303: common talk, var þat allra manna e., Fagrsk. 179.
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f. = einmælt, Mar. 155.
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adv. once a day, N. G. L. ii. 359.
adv. one a day, one meal a day (eta, drekka ~).
n. adj. [mál = meal], one meal a day; eta, matask e., Fms. viii. 447; fasta e., K. Þ. K. 102.
pp. unanimously said (þat var einmælt, at).
part. spoken by all, Fms. ix. 501, Eg. 514, Eb. 310.
(-da, -dr), v. to appoint.
d, to appoint specially, Grág. i. 11.
a. one night old.
adj. one night old, Sturl. i. 174, Hm. 85.
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sup., hafa e., to have resolved, made up one’s mind, Greg. 60, Eg. 424, Fms. ii. 266, v. 44, Orkn. 34: masc., Mork. 84.
a. self-willed.
adj. self-willed, Ld. 314, Fms. xi. 246, Fas. ii. 113, Bjarn. 70.
a. inclined to roam about alone.
adj. straying alone, Bs. i. 243.
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part. having a single stripe (of cloth), Nj. 96, v. l.
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a, m., pr. name, also Eind-riði, mod. Indriði, but freq. in good MSS. spelt ein-, Mork., Ó. H., Orkn.; it properly means the great rider.
β. nickname of Thor the god of thunder from his driving in the clouds, Edda (Gl.); cp. reið, thunder.
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n. a privy; í einrúmi, privately.
n. self-willed.
n. self-will, obstinacy, Fms. ii. 254, Ld. 4, 188, Mork. 83.
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adj. singular, strange, odd, Fms. vi. 217.
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adj. of singular temper, self-willed, Eg. 573, Fms. ii. 154, iii. 202, Bs. i. 144, in the last passage probably a false reading, = einvænn.
a. alone (rare) = einn saman.
adj., einsömul, einsamalt, pl. einsamlir, etc., alone, rarely, in old writers, who use einn saman in two words, and it only occurs in later MSS., Fas. i. 91, iii. 469 (paper MSS.)
f.
1) solitude;
2) solitary life, hermit’s life;
3) hermitage.
u, f. hermitage, Hom. 26, Mart. 125.
COMPDS: einsetukona, einsetulíf, einsetumaðr, einsetumunkr.
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setti; e. sér, to resolve firmly.
f. the right to fix one’s own terms.
f. the right to fix one’s own terms, Orkn. 214, Fms. xi. 24.
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u, f. stuff woven with a single weft, a kind of flannel.
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n. adj. taken aside for a private purpose, (Fr.)
a. indecl. with a single ship (þú sigldir ~).
adj. with a single ship, Fms. ii. 5, vii. 214, ix. 499.
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adj. quite clear; e. veðr, Njarð. 374.
adv. under the same shield, acting together.
gen. as adv. under one shield, acting together, Fms. ix. 249.
(að), v., ~ hug sinn, to make up one’s mind.
að; e. hug sinn, to make one’s mind up, Bær. 11.
a. pure.
adj. pure; e. rödd, a pure voice, Thom. 151.
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adj. pure; e. náð, pure grace.
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m. a sole judge or umpire, Lex. Poët.
a. indecl. single, occurring nov and then, here and there.
adj. single, isolated (with the notion of few, now and then, here and there); e. víg, Fms. xi. 99; e. slög ok skeinur, Háv. 50; e. kossar, Fb. i. 304; e. vísur, extemporised ditties (hence staka, a ditty), Fbr. 69.
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adj. = einstaka.
β. mod. famous, notorious, chiefly in a bad sense; e. armingi, svíðingr, þjófr, galdramaðr, etc.
m. a kind of fern.
a, m. a kind of fern, pteris aquilina, Str. 45.
n. narrow path.
a, m. a single path, so narrow that only one can pass. Eg. 576, 577, 583, Fær. 267, Rd. 246, 247, Fms. ii. 110, viii. 49.
(-da, -dr), v. to make firm; ~ þá ætlan fyrir sér at, to resolve firmly.
d, to resolve firmly, Fms. iii. 49: reflex. to grow bold, ix. 50.
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m. an orphaned (bereft) person.
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adj. left alone, bereaved, widowed, Hðm. 5.
a.
1) one-eyed;
2) evident, obvious; at einsýnu, evidently.
adj. = eineygr, one-eyed, Fas. i. 41, Fms. ii. 138, x. 301.
β. at einsýnu, clearly, evidently, Hom. 5.
a. n. clear, evident, only in the phrase, e-t er einsxtt, is the only thing to be done.
n. adj. evident, what clearly ought to be done; e-t er e., i. e. that and nothing else is to be done; ok er þér e. at þjóna eigi lengr fjanda, Fms. ii. 39, 124, vi. 154, 242, vii. 19, 25, 27, Boll. 342, Orkn. 408.
n. private conference (ganga á ~).
n. private conversation, Nj. 103, Fms. i. 205, iv. 145, 308, vi. 11, vii. 103, Mork. 176.
pp. n., varð þeim ~ um Helgu, they talked of nothing but H..
part., verða e-t um e-t, to speak of nothing but that, Ísl. ii. 245.
a. in high spirits, quite merry.
adj. quite merry, in high spirits, Eg. 526, Fms. iv. 167.
a. quite unoccupied, disengaged.
adj. at one’s ease, undisturbed, Orkn. 266.
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adv. alone.
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adj. sole, alone, sheer.
m. a boat made of a single tree.
m. made of one piece of wood, Karl. 96, v. l.
a. indecl. chosen, select; ~ kappi, great champion; ~ lið, picked troops.
adj. ind. chosen, excellent (Lat. egregius); e. kappi, a great champion, Stj. 512: e. ker, a chosen vessel, of a saint, Orkn. 226, Bs. ii. 148; e. lið, chosen, picked troops, Fær. 79, Stj. 480; e. maðr, a choice man, Blas. 37; e. riddari, a fine horseman, Stj. 450.
n. absolute government, sole sovereinity; tiundi vetr ~s hans, the tenth year of his reign.
n. monarchy, sovereignty, Stj. 499; koma einvaldi á landit, to make the country (i. e. the Icel. Commonwealth) submit to the monarch, Fms. ix. 435; tíundi vetr einvalds hans, the tenth year of his reign, x. 161.
COMPDS: einvaldshöfðingi, einvaldskonungr, einvaldsriki.
m. monarch, sovereign (~ e-s or yfir e-u).
a, m. and ein-valdr, s, m. a monarch, Fms. i. 2, iv. 126, Eg. 6, Fb. i. 40.
pp. select, picked.
= einvala, Bs. ii. 70, 183.
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n. = einvald.
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u, f. a being alone, solitude.
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adj. = einvirðuligr, (Fr.)
m. self-will.
a, m. self-will, Fms. x. 418.
f. one’s own choice; af ~u, especially.
f. one’s own choice, Bs. ii. 46, H. E. i. 523.
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adv. in particular, Mar. 49, 139.
adv. exceedingly, especially.
adv. (-ligr, adj.), especially, Lv. 37, H. E. i. 518.
m. single worker, a poor husbandman who has no servants.
also ein-yrki, a, m. [verk]. a single worker, one who works single-handed, a poor husbandman that has no servants; the einyrki is reckoned partly as bóndi, and not cottager; he could serve as a neighbour (búi) in case of his property amounting to two cows’ value per head of his household (wife and children), Grág. i. 145, defined in ii. 42, 43: the Norse sense of the word, Gþl. 438, cp. Jb. 184: in N. G. L. i. 199 distinction is made between bændr, einhleypingar, and einyrkjar.
f. solitude; vera ~um, to live alone.
f. in the phrase, vera einvistum, to live alone, 625. 88, Bs. n. 45.
n. single combat, duel.
n. [A. S. ânvig], a single combat; distinction is made between the hólmganga (q. v.) and einvígi, the rules of einvígi being plain, cp. the curious passage in Korm, 84; Edda 18, Nj. 33, Fms. vii. 229.
COMPD: einvígismaðr.
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adj. absolute, Fs. 17.
a. in a hopeless state, sinking fast (liggja, vera, ~).
adj. [ván]: medic., liggja e., to lie in a hopeless state, to be sinking fast, Bs. i. 353; hón hafði aldri orðit einvænni, her life had never been in greater danger, id.; fylgði bæði svefnleysi ok matleysi, ok þótti hann þá einvænn vera, and they thought he was in a hopeless state, 144, (Ed. emrænn, which no doubt is a misspelling in the MS.)
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adv. specially, D. N., Sks. 787.
a. self-willed, stubborn.
adj. (ein-þykkni, f.), stubborn, self-willed, Fb. i. 543.
n. term of one year.
n. [ár]. a termof one year, D. N.
a. lasting one year, of one year (einær tíund).
adj. lasting one year, D. N.
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n. pl.; eta einætum, to eat ‘off-hand,’ Glúm. 340, cp. Edm. Head’s Transl. 24.
(gen. -arðar), f.
1) franknes, boldness, fairness (hafa ~ til at ganga við e-u);
~ várrar frásagnar, the fairness of our story;
2) fidelity, loyalty (at landsfólkit mundi snúit frá ~inni við konung);
3) firm conviction (þat er ~ mín, at þat er at engum kosti rétt).
mod. einurð (Norse form einarð), f. [einarðr], frankness, boldness, fairness; vit ok e., Fms. ix. 333; ef þú vilt heldr trúa lygi … en e., rather to believe a lie than simple truth, Eg. 63; e. ok vinátta, frankness and friendship, Ísl. ii. 234; þá munu þér ætla, at sá muni eigi e. til hafa við at ganga, that he has not the fairness (boldness) to confess, Ld. 172, Fms. ii. 32; nú vilju vér sýna e. várrar frásagnar, we will shew the fairness of our story, viii. 48.
β. faith, fidelity; at engi skjoplisk í einurðinni (fidelity) við annan, Ó. H. 61; að landfólkit mundi snúit frá einörðinni við konung, 177; fáir munu nú vera í Noregi þeir er einörð sinni haldi nú við mik, 194.
γ. in mod. usage, einurð means frankness, as opp. to shyness; thus einarðar-lauss, adj. = shy: einarðar-leysi, n. shyness, einarðar-lítill, adj. rather shy, whereas in old writers these words mean faithless or irresolute; verða einarðar fátt, to fail in courage, Nj. 208; einarðar-lauss, wavering, Al. …
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n. brass, copper.
1. m. [Lat. aes; Goth. aiz; A. S. âr; Engl. ore; O. H. G. er; Hel. erin; Germ. erz]:—brass, Stj. 340, 656. 7, Greg. 80, Hkr. i. 265, Fms. x. 284. COMPDS denoting brazen, of brass: eir-altari, m. a brazen altar, Stj. eir-baugr, m. a brazen ring, Fb. i. 370. eir-hestr, m. a brazen horse, Merl. eir-hjálmr, n. a brazen helmet, Stj. 461. eir-ketill, m. a brass kettle, Grág. i. 504, Eg. 396. eir-kross, m. a brazen cross, Vm. 49. eir-kyrtill, m. a brazen cloak (used for torment), Blas. 46, 655. 14. eir-lampi, a. m. a brass lamp, Jm. 2. eir-ormr, m. a brazen serpent, Stj. 333. Numb. xxi. 9. eir-penningr, m. a penny of brass, Post. 645. 78. eir-skjöldr, m. a brazen shield, Stj. 461. 1 Sam. xvii. 6. eir-stólpi, a, m. a pillar of brass, Stj. 564. eir-teinn, m. a wire of brass, Fms. ii. 129. eir-uxi, a, m. …
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(-ða, -t), v.
1) to spare, with dat. (at þeir skyldu ~ konum ok kirkjum);
~ undan e-u, to yield to;
2) e-m eirir e-t vel (illa), it agrees well (ill) with one, he is well pleased (displeased) with it (Eiríki konungi eirði þetta stórilla);
honum eirir illa, ef, he is annoyed, if;
3) ~ e-n af e-u, to deprive one of.
1. ð, [A. S. ârian = parcere], to spare, with dat.; hafa allir hlutir unnit eiða at e. Baldri (not to hurt Balder), Edda 37; hann eirði öngu hvárki í orðum né verkum, he spared naught either in word or work, Nj. 184, Fms. vii. 312; at þeir skyldu e. konum ok kirkjum, spare women and churches, Sturl. iii. 40; e. undan e-u, to yield; höfum vér lengi undan eirt fjandskap yðrum, Ld. 204; kvað hann þá ekki mundu tjá at letja sik, kvaðsk lengi hafa undan eirt, Fms. vii. 244; ok meir þykjumk vér undan eira, Sturl. i. 72; eptir þetta ríða þeir Ögmundr í brott, ok eirir hann undan þá enn fyrst, iii. 103.
β. impers., e-m eirir e-t illa, it displeases one, i. e. to feel ill at rest with a thing; illa eirði mér fall þitt, Flóv. 29; Eiríki konungi eirði þetta stórilla, Fms. i. 19; honum eirir illa ef hann hefir eigi sitt mál, Ísl. ii. 236; Bergi eirði hit versta, Fs. 53; eira vel (ironically), to be well pleased, meira efni hefir hann til eldingar en honum megi vel eira inni at vera, 45: to do for one, vitum hve oss eiri öl þat er Bárðr of signdi, let us see how Bard’s draught will agree with us, Eg. …
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and eirar-vanr, adj. merciless, martial.
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(eir-samr), adj. mild.
f. clemency, mercy.
f. clemency, mercy, Fms. ix. 36, v. l., Hkr. iii. 257, Gullþ. 48, O. H. L. 40. 2. mod. rest, quietness; pl. ú-eirðir, uproar, tumult.
a. forbearing, lenient.
adj. forbearing, Bs. i. 766; ó-eirinn, overbearing, mod. restless.
a. brazen.
adj. brazen, Stj. 377.
I)
f. glowing embers.
II)
(að), v.
1) to rush on; ganga eisanda, to go dashing through the waves (of a ship); eisandi úðr, foaming wave;
2) eisa eldum, to shower down embers.
að, in the phrase, e. eldum, to shower down embers, Fas. ii. 469: poët., ganga eisandi, to go dashing through the waves, of a ship, Hkv. 1. 2; láta skeiðr e., id., Sighvat; vargr hafs eisar, the sea-wolf (the ship) goes dashing, Edda (in a verse); eisandi uðr, foaming waves, Bs. i. 483 (in a verse), vide Lex. Poët.
I)
f. glowing embers.
II)
(að), v.
1) to rush on; ganga eisanda, to go dashing through the waves (of a ship); eisandi úðr, foaming wave;
2) eisa eldum, to shower down embers.
u, f. [Swed. ässia; Norse eisa and esja], glowing embers, Edda (Gl.), esp. in the allit. phrase, eisa ok eimyrja.
n. heart.
n., poët. the heart, Edda (Gl.), Lex. Poët.: in pl., eisköld, Fm. 27.
(að), v. to roar, rage.
að, to roar or foam, rage; gékk hon útar ok innar eptir gólfinu eiskrandi, Ísl. ii. 338; görvir at eiskra, enraged, Hðm. 11; hann eiskraði þá mjök ok hélt við berserksgang, Fas. i. 524; eiskraði sút í berserkjunum, 425: in mod. usage, það ískrar í honum, it roars within him, of suppressed rage.
(gen. pl. eistna), n. testicle, stone (eistun þrútnuðu).
n., gen. pl. eistna, a testicle, Sturl. ii. 182, Fas. ii. 342, Bs. i. 615, Fb. ii. 161; sels-eista, a nickname, Fbr.
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m. a nodule in stone, iron, or the like; hence the saying, harðr sem e., ‘hard as a flint,’ poët. name of a giant, Edda (Gl.)
(að), v., only in the phrase, ~ augum, to look stern.
að, in the phrase, eitla augum, ‘to set the face as a flint,’ Sks. 230 B.
n. poison (kasta eitri í drylk); fig. bitterness, malice.
n., gen. eitrs, [A. S. âtor; O. H. G. eitar; Dan. ædder; Old Engl. atter-cop; the spider is in A. S. âtor-coppa, whence Dan. ædder-kop = cup of poison]:—poison, Bær. 15, Fms. vi. 166, viii. 303, Edda 155 (pref.), Al. 49, Fas. i. 522 (in a verse).
(að), v. to poison (~ smyrsl).
að, to poison, Ann. 1360: part. eitraðr, empoisoned.
f. poisonous stream.
f. a poisonous stream, Edda 42.
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(eitr-blandinn), part. poisoned, Rb. 358.
m.
1) inflammation from poison;
2) poisonous breath.
m. inflammation from poison, Bs. ii. 95, 157.
pp. = eitrblásinn.
part. swoln with poison, Greg. 79.
m. ‘venom dale’.
m. dales with rivers of poison, Vsp. 42.
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a, m. a venomous dragon, Sól.
n. deadly poison, poisoning.
n. deadly poison, mortification, Stj. 97.
m. drop of poison.
a, m. a drop of poison, Vsp. 44.
m. poisoned drink.
m. a poisoned draught, Fas. iii. 392.
pp. having a poisoned edge.
part. having a poisoned edge, Fms. iii. 78.
a. venomous (~ ormr).
adj. glittering (of poison), venomous (of snakes), Edda (Gl.)
f. venomous insect.
f. a venomous insect, Bs. ii. 183.
a. kind of poison.
adj. full of poison, Magn. 470.
pp. tempered in poison (sverðit var eitrhert í).
part. tempered in poison (of steel), Bret.
a. deadly cold.
adj. deadly cold, Lex. Poët.
f. venomous sore, a nickname.
f. venomous sore, a nickname, Fms.
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n. a poisonous animal, Sks. 88, Stj. 253, Al. i, 623. 26.
f. venomous yeast.
u, f. poisonous yeast, Edda 3.
a. poisonous.
adj. poisonous, Stj. 91.
m. venomous maggot.
m. a venomous maggot, Stj. 97.
f. poisonous adder.
a, u, f. a poisonous adder.
m. poisonous serpent.
m. a viper, Stj. 37, 96, Rb. 344, Fms. vi. 164.
pp. glittering with poison, = eitrfár.
adj. = eitrfár, Al. 168.
adv. not;
~ … ok, nor (~ vil ek ok þat mitt ráð kalla).
sometimes (though rarely) egi, or even contracted ei, adv. (vide ei 2, p. 117); [the negative eigi is particular to the Scandin., mod. Dan. ei, Swed. ej]:—not. Old Icel. writers usually make a distinction between ekki, neut. adj. = nullum, nihil, and eigi, non; but in mod. usage ekki has, as adv., taken the place of eigi (whilst ekkert is used as the neut. adj.), e. g. ekki góðr, ekki vel, where the oldest writers use eigi góðr, eigi vel; this use of ekki is, however, very old and freq. used, e. g. in the Njála, and even in as old a vellum MS. as the Miracle-book (Bs. i); in most cases ekki and eigi are difficult to distinguish, because of the contraction in MSS. (vide ei); editors commonly print eigi:—that old poets used eigi, not ekki, may be seen from rhymes such as eigi varð ens ýgja, Fms. vi. 420: vide the negative -gi.
a. ‘evergood’, beloved, as a nickname.
adj. ‘ever-good,’ dear, beloved, a nickname, Fms.
a. eternal (rare).
adj. eternal, 677. 2, 3, (rare.)
f. eternity, eternal life.
f. everlasting life, eternity, Mar., (freq. in mod. use.)
n. = eilífð.
n. = eilífð, Barl. 76, 93.
m. eternity.
m. eternity, Stj. 8.
adv. eternally, to all eternity.
adv. to eternity, Fms. i. 202, Fb. i, 322, Eluc. 3, Fær. 137, 655 xxxii. 10, N. T.
a. eternal, everlasting.
adj. everlasting, eternal, N. T.
a. eternal, everlasting; at eilífu, for ever and ever.
adj. everlasting, eternal, 625. 188, Fms. i. 75, K. Á. 228, N. T.; at eilífu, for ever and ever, Niðrst. 8, Hkr. i. 19.
a. very small, very little.
adj. ‘ever-little,’ very little.
m. an ever memorabe thing; þat er þeim ~, they will never foget it.
(and ey-muni), a, m. an ever-memorable thing; þat er þeim eimuni, they will never forget, Fms. iv. 249; þat man þér eymuni, thou wilt never forget it, Bjarn. 25 (in a verse); eymuni hinn mikli (name of a very severe winter), Ann. 1291.
β. nickname of a Dan. king, the everbeloved, Fms. xi; vide ein-muni.
f. = eilífi.
f. an everlasting abode, Hom. (St.)
I) pers. pron. I;
in poetry and old prose a pronominal k is suffixed to the verb, emk = em ek, vask = vas ek; sák = sá ek; mundak = munda ek; even if preceded by ek: ek sék, ek sitk; a preceding g becomes by assimilation k, hykk = hygg ek; the pronominal k is inserted between the suffixed negative, -a or -at, and the verb, sáka = sá ek-a, I saw not; veitka = veit ek-a, I know not.
II) from aka.
pers. pron., mod. eg, proncd. ég or jeg; eg occurs as early as in MSS. of the 15th century, Arna-Magn. 556 A; jak, Fms. x. 287, cp. the mod. Swed. form and the mod. Icel. jeg; old poets make it rhyme with ek, as, Halldórr ok ek | höfum engi þrek, Korm. 154 (in a verse), cp. Ld. 108: [Ulf. ïk, but ek on the Golden horn and on the stone in Tune; A. S. ic; Engl. I; Germ. ich; old Swed. jak, mod. jag; Dan. jeg; cp. Lat. ego, Gr. ἐγώ]:—I, Nj. 10, 30, 132, etc.
2. in poetry and old prose a pronominal ‘k or ‘g is suffixed to the verb; em’k búinn annan í at nefna, Grág. i. 103; ek em’k, 623. 56, Blas. 41, Mork. 89, 94, 99, 104, Vþm. 8, Ls. 14, Ad. 1, Post. 645. 33; jók’k, ‘I eked’ (added), Íb. (pref.); vas’k þar fjórtán vetr, ch. 9; þá er ek var’k á bænum, Blas. 40, Hm. 12; ek bað’k, Post. 645. 54; ek kom’k, Skm. 18; ek sit’k, Mork. 168; ek finn’k, 141; ek nam’k, 73; sá’k, 75; ek sé’k (video), 103, 168, Fms. xi. 110; mun’k-at ek, Mork. 50; svá ek vind’k, Hm. 156; ok rít’k á þessa lund, Skálda (Thorodd) 166; …
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f. carting, carrying in a cart (sumir tóku til ekju).
u, f. [aka], a carting, carrying in a cart; tóku þá sumir til ekju, en sumir hlóðu heyinu, Eb. 260; cp. Swed. åska, vide áss [p. 46].
COMPD: ekjuvegr.
m. cart-road.
m. a cart-road, D. N.
I)
m. heavy, sobbing, sorrow, grief (angr ok ~).
II)
nom. and acc. neut. sing. of engi, nothing, nought; also used as adv., not, = eigi.
adv. not, vide eingi.
I)
m. heavy, sobbing, sorrow, grief (angr ok ~).
II)
nom. and acc. neut. sing. of engi, nothing, nought; also used as adv., not, = eigi.
a, m. [akin to öngr, Lat. angustus], as a medic, term, a convulsive sobbing, caused by the repression of tears, Fél. ix. 208, Hkv. 2. 43, Skv. 1. 20, Gísl. 64 (in a verse), Rafns S. (in a verse), Am. 44, Hkr. iii. (in a verse of Sighvat), Stor. 2, where we ought to read, því at ekki stendr höfugligr í (not ‘ór’) hyggju stað, because a heavy sobbing oppresses, stifles my breast; angrs ok ekka, Stj. 428, (freq.)
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m. a widower, akin to the preceding; freq. in mod. use; that no reference from an old writer is on record seems to be a mere accident.
II. poët. name of a sea-king, Edda (Gl.): botan., Ekkilsjurt, Achillaea L., Bb. 3. 75.
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adv. no, in a slow hesitating way, freq. in mod. talk, and is mentioned as early as Run. Gramm. Ísl.; nei, ekkí, well no, not quite so!
f. widow (var þat lítit, at bera ekkju nafn); poet. woman.
u, f. [Swed. enka and Dan. enke shew that the root consonants are nk; this word is peculiar to the Scandin. tongue; even Ulf. renders χήρα by vidovo, which is the Lat. vidua]:—a widow, Grág. i. 108, 306, Blas. 21, Bs. ii. 161, Fas. i. 223; this word (as well as ekkill = Swed. enkling) is no relation to ekki = sobbing, but is derived from einn, one, and an inflexive -ka, like in stúlka, see Gramm. p. xxxii. col. 2. Ekkja originally meant a single woman, a damsel, and is thus used by the ancient poets, e. g. vara sem unga ekkju í öndugi kyssa, Km.; út munu ekkjur líta allsnúðula prúðar, Sighvat; ‘ekkja’ and ‘ung kona’ are synonymous, Ísl. ii. (Gunnl.) in a verse; ekkjan stendr ok undrask áraburð, Lex. Poët. It then came to mean a widow (a single, lone woman, having lost her husband). Ekkja is a word peculiar to all Scandin. languages, old and modern; although, as we believe, it superseded a still older ‘widuwo’ (cp. the Goth., Germ., and Engl.); this change took place at so early a time that no traces are found of that word anywhere in Scandin. speech or writing (cp. Swed. en-ka, Dan. …
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m. widow’s weeds.
m. widow’s weeds, Stj. 197.
m. widowhood.
m. widowhood, Stj. 197.
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n. a widow’s name, widowhood, Fas. i. 223, Am. 98 (MS. ekkiunam clearly a false reading = namn).
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m. widowhood, Fms. x. 433.
m. widow’s son.
m. a widow’s son, 656 A. ii. In Edda 108 there is a distinction between hæll, a widow whose husband is slain, and ekkja, the widow of one who died a natural death; hæll is merely a poët. word and obsolete, but ekkja is in full use. In old poetry ekkja is used = a lass, girl, cp. Lapp. akka = Lat. mulier; cp. also Lex. Poët.
f. dearth, want.
1. u, f. dearth, want, Sks. 218, v. l.; Vell-ekla, Dearth of Gold, the name of a poem, Hkr.; suml-e., scarcity of drink, Eg. (in a verse): the word is rare in old writers, but still in use in Icel., e. g. hey-e., scarcity of hay; matar-e., dearth of meat; vinnu-fólks-e., scarcity of servants.
2. adv. scarcely; þeir Helgi tóku e. til matar um kveldit, konungr spurði hvárt þeir væri sjúkir, Fms. v. 317 (απ. λεγ.)
f. corn-field, acre.
u, f. [from akr, p. 10], an acre, corn-field, Landn. 125, Al. 52, N. G. L. i. 217, Stj. 400. Judges ix. 32.
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and ekta-, [Germ. echt], adj. genuine, mod. (vide ei).
β. wedded; taka til ekta, to marry: chiefly used in COMPDS, ekta-maðr, m. a husband; ekta-skapr, m. matrimony, etc.; ektar-kona, u, f. a wedded wife, occurs in D. N. i. 591, (mod.)
(elda, eldr), v.
1) to light, kindle a fire (hann eldir undir katlinum); with dat. of the fuel (~ viði);
2) to kindle, light, set fire to, with acc.; ~ vita, to kindle a beacon; fig., e. hug e-s, to kindle one’s mind; ek skal yðra húð e. knáliga með klungrum, I shall make you smart;
3) to heat, warm (~ hús, ~ ofn til brauðs) to smelt; fig. ~ grátt silfr, to be bad friends;
4) impers., eldi hér lengi af með þeim brœðrum, the spark of resentment was long felt among the brothers;
5) it clears up; eldi nokkut élit (acc.), the shower cleared up a little; nótt (acc.) eldir, the night brightens, the day dawns.
d, mod. also að, [eldr], to light, kindle a fire, with dat. of the fuel; e. viði, Grág. ii. 211, 338; ef þeir e. görðum, grindum eðr andvirki, Gþl. 422: absol., at vér eldim úsparliga í Hvammi, Sturl. i. 67: to heat, warm, þá skulu þeir e. hús at manntali, Jb. 225; e. ofn, Hkr. iii. 115: metaph., elda hug e-s, to kindle one’s mind, Hom. 107; ek skal yðra húð e. knáliga með klungrum (make you smart), Stj. 395; e. vita, to kindle a beacon, Orkn. 264; en þó eldi hér lengi af með þeim bræðrum, the spark of resentment was long felt among the brothers, Lv. 34; e. járn, to forge iron, Rkv.: the phrase, elda grátt silfr, to be bad friends, is a metaphor taken from smelting drossy silver that cannot stand the fire; þeir Stórólfr eldu löngum grátt silfr, en stundum vóru með þeim blíðskapir, Fb. i. 522.
2. to cook, or gener. to expose to a light fire.
II. reflex. to be kindled; má vera at eldisk hér langr óþokki af, it may be that long ill-feeling will be kindled therefrom, Lv. 50.
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d, [aldr], to grow old; eldisk árgalinn nú, Fms. vi. 251; er þá tók mjök at eldask, viii. 108; hann tekr nú at eldask (MS. öldask) mjök, xi. 51; ek finn at ek eldumk, en þverr kraptrinn, Orkn. 464; þeir hrymask eigi né eldask, Rb. 346.
β. part. eldr, old, worn by age; Gísli kvaðsk eldr vera mjök frá úfriði, Sturl. iii. 10: equivocal is the phrase, eldir at ráðum ok at þrotum komnir (in the dream of king Sverrir), Fms. viii. 108, cp. Orkn. ch. 34.
γ. impers. in the phrase, nótt (acc.) eldir, the night grows old (cp. elding); þá er nótt eldir, Fas. i. 147.
n. = eldhús.
n., vide eldhús.
m. = eldhús.
a, m. = eldhús, Eb. l. c., Grett. l. c., cp. Eb. 170; einn laugaraptan sat Helga í elda-skála, Ísl. ii. 274; hafði hann lagzt niðr í elda-skála eptir dagverð. Gísl. 97; Þrándr hafði látið göra elda mikla í elda-skála, Fzr. 183; ekki lagðisk Ormr í elda-skála, Fb. i. 521, Eg. 238.
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u, f. (elda-skári, a, m., Lex. Run.), a ‘fire-rake,’ poker, Nj. 236.
n.
1) procreation (hafa eðli til barna eldis);
2) fetus, offspring (eldi þat, er fram, kemr af kviði konunnar); komast frá eldi sínu, to be delivered of a child;
3) maintenance, feeding (þar er ekki gesta eldi mælt).
(elþi, Grág.), n. [ala], feeding, maintenance, Grág. i. ii 7, 143: the person maintained, 236: in mod. usage esp. of keeping another’s lambs, sheep, in winter, hence lambs-eldi, ‘lambs-keep,’ an obligation on every householder to feed a lamb for the priest in winter; elda-skildagi, m. the time when the lambs are sent back (middle of May); the phrase, skila úr eldum, to send back (lambs): eldis-hestr, m. a horse kept in stall, opp. to útigangs-hestr.
2. a thing born; mislit eldi, Stj. 179. Gen. xxxi. 8; e. þat er fram fer af kviði konunnar, 656 B. 7; skaltú þiggja þat at Guði at hann gefi þér gott eldi, Mar. 3, 6, 19; komask frá e. sínu, to be delivered of a child, Fas. iii. 276; cp. upp-eldi, breeding.
f.
1) firing, heating, warming (ofnar til ~ar);
2) smelting, refining (gull þat, er stenzt e.);
3) lightning (því nast flugu ~ar ok reiðar);
4) daybreak, dawn (= nætr-~).
1. f. firing, fuel, Scot. eilding, Grág. ii. 338, 358, Fs. 45; eldingar-steinar, (bituminous?) stones to make a fire, Karl. 18: smelting metals, gull er stenzk e., gold which resists the heat of the crucible, Grág. i. 501; cp. elda grátt silfr.
II. lightning, also in plur., Fms. x. 30, xi. 136, Fas. i. 372, Sks. 229, Stj. 300, Al. 41: eldinga-flug, n. a flash of lightning, Rb. 102: eldinga-mánaðr, m. the lightning month, id.
2. f. [aldr], the ‘eld’ or old age of the night, the last or third part of the night; allt frá eldingu ok til miðs aptans, Hrafn. 7; vakti Þórhildr upp sína menn þegar í elding, Fms. ii. 231; í elding nætr, vii. 214; kómu í elding nætr á Jaðar, Ó. H. 117. The ancients divided the night into three equal parts, of which the last was called either ótta (q. v.) or elding, (þá er þriðjungr lifir nætr, i. e. where the third part of the night is left): the mod. usage is, það er farið að elda aptr, it begins to rekindle; and aptr-elding, rekindling, as though ‘daybreak’ were from fire ‘eldr; …
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a. n., e-m verðr ~, one becomes short of fuel.
n. adj. wanting fuel, Fbr. 97.
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adj. short of fuel.
n. want of fuel.
n. want of fire-wood (fuel), Fms. vi. 146, Stj. 150.
f. stick of firewood.
u, f. a stick of fire-wood, Stj. 268.
m.
1) firewood, fuel;
2) firebrand.
m. fire-wood, fuel, Grág. ii. 261, Fms. ii. 82, viii. 358, v. l., Fbr. 97: a fire-brand, Stj. 402, Fs. 45, Þiðr. 332, Grett. 117: metaph., Post. 645. 84.
a. elderly, old-looking.
adj. elderly, Fas. i. 120, Mag. 5.
n. piece of firewood.
m. a log of fire-wood, Fs. 6, Þiðr. 262; loganda e., a fire-brand, Stj. 413.
m. firebrand.
m. a log of fire-wood, Glúm. 338.
n. turf for fuel.
n. turf for firing, Ísl. ii. 112, Dipl. v. 23, Bs. ii. 135.
m. firewood, fuel.
m. fire-wood, Fms. ii. 82, vii. 97, K. Þ. K. 90: but, as Icel. is barren of trees, eldiviðr means fuel in general, peat, etc., Orkn. 16; torf-skurð svá sem hann þarf til eldividar, digging peat for fuel, Vm.
COMPDS: eldiviðarfátt, eldiviðarlauss, eldiviðarleysi, eldiviðarstika.
I)
(-s, -ar), m. fire; taka eld, drepa (upp) eld, to strike fire: kveikja (upp) eld, to light a fire; bregða (koma, skjóta) eldi í e-t, láta (leggja) eld í e-t, to set fire to, to set on fire; e. varð lauss ok lék skjótt, a fire broke out and spread rapidly; e. hraut af sverðum þeirra, sparks of fire flew from their swords.
II)
pp. grown old, worn by age; kvazt e. vera mjök frá úfriði, said that he was too old for fighting.
m., gen. ellds, also spelt ellz, [a word that may be taken as a test of Scandin. races; Dan. ild; Swed. äld; for the Teut. nations use the word feuer, fire, which is wanting in Scandin., though used by old Icel. poets, who probably borrowed it from A. S.; on the other hand, Ulf. constantly renders πυρ by fon, Icel. funi, q. v.; in A. S. poetry and in Hel. äled = incendiary occurs a few times, and älan = Lat. urere (Grein and Schmeller); Rask suggests a Finn. origin]:—fire. In cold climates fire and life go together; hence the proverb, eldr er beztr með ýta sonum, ok sólar sýn, fire is best among the sons of men, and the sight of the sun, Hm. 67: in reference to the healing power of fire, eldr tekr við sóttum, fire consumes (cures) fevers, 138; sá er eldrinn heitastr er á sjálfum brennr, Grett. 136 new Ed.: allit., e. né járn, fire nor iron, Edda 82; hvárki egg né eld, 162; eldr (sparks of fire) hraut or sverðum þeirra, Flóv. 29; e. þótti af hrjóta er vápnin kómu saman, Sturl. iii. 187, vide Fms. i. 292, vi. 153, vii. 338 (MS. ell), viii. 74, 202, x. 29. Nj. 74, Eluc. 19, 625. 178. …
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m. burning of fire.
a, m. burning of fire, Stj.
m. smell of pre (kenna eldsdaun).
m. smell of fire, Finnb. 242.
m. raging of fire, conflagration.
m. the raging of fire, Fms. i. 128, x. 29, Sturl. iii. 132, Bs. i. 327, Orkn. 368, 458, Sks. 141.
n. glare of fire.
n. glare of fire, Fas. iii. 471.
m. spark of fire.
a, m. a spark of fire, Greg. 74.
n. hearth-floor.
n. a hearth-floor, N. G. L. i. 256.
n. pl. materials for firing.
n. pl. materials for firing, Vm. 177.
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f. making fire, Fs. 45.
m. fiery heat.
a, m. fiery heat, Fms. x. 379.
f. = eldkveikja.
f. = eldkveikja, Greg. 77.
m. fiery hue.
n. orbs of fire, Nj. 194, Rb. 336.
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n. a likeness, shape of fire, Clem. 30, Rb. 388.
n. fire-light.
n. fire-light, Fms. ix. 49.
m. flame of fire.
a, m. a flame, Stj. 414.
m. food of fire.
n. food of fire, Th. 19.
n. fuel.
n. pl. fuel, Band. 10, Fms. ix. 339, Fas. i. 84.
m. pillar of fire.
a, m. a pillar of fire, Stj. 326.
f. volcanic eruption.
u, f. the eruption of a volcano, Landn. 269, Bs. i. 148, 498.
f. pl. fire devices.
f. pl. fire devices, Flóv. 43.
m. gleam of fire.
m. ‘fire-whims,’ flickering fire, of the aurora borealis, fire-gleam, Sks. 203.
n. tinder-box.
n. a tinder-box, Fms. vii. 225, Orkn. 208, Band. 30.
pp. baked on embers.
part. baked on embers, Stj. 595. 1 Kings xix. 6.
m. fire-pan, brasier.
a, m. a brasier, lantern, H. E. ii. 107, Pm. 26, 73, Jm. 12, Vm. 164; eldbera-ker, id., Pm. 106.
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f. a volcanic crag, vide borg.
m.
1) fire, conflagration;
2) cauterization (at grœða með eldbruna).
a, m. fire, conflagration, D. N.
m. fireball.
m. a fire-ball, Dipl. v. 18.
a. inflammable, easily combustible.
adj. inflammable, easily catching fire, Sks. 427.
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n. a fire-hill, volcano.
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n. pl. an apparatus, for striking fire, tinder-box, Jb. 145.
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adj. [from Dan. ældgammel = Icel. elli-gamall], stone old, (mod. word.)
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f. pl. ‘fire-glare,’ seen in darkness.
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n. ‘fire-gush,’ a volcanic eruption.
f. fire-pit.
and eld-gröf, f. a ‘fire-groove,’ Ísl. ii. 405, 417, Eb. 272, v. l.
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m. a crater.
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n. pl. cooking-vessels, D. N.
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adj. hot as fire.
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n. a ‘fire-field,’ lava-field.
n.
1) ‘fire-house’, hall or sitting-room;
2) kitchen.
(elda-hús, Eg. 397, 603, Sturl. iii. 219, Gþl. 344), n. the ‘fire-house,’ i. e. the hall or parlour, one of the chief rooms in ancient dwellings, where the fire was kept up, used synonymously with eldaskáli, but opp. to stofa, the ladies’ room; stofa, eldhús, búr, Grág. i. 459; stofu-hurð, búr-hurð, eldahús-hurð, Gþl. 344, H. E. i. 495; eldhús eðr stofur, Grág. i. 468; gauga milli stofu ok eldhúss, Fbr. 164; cp. Gísl. 14, 15, 97, (Mant.) 324, Eb. ch. 52, vide new Ed. 98, v. l. 1, 3, 4; gékk Þorgerðr þegar inn í eldahús, Eg. 603; eldhúss dyrr, Lv. 89, Ld. 54, Sturl. iii. 218, 219; eldhúss-skot, n. id., cp. Eg. 397; eldhús-hurð, f. the hurdle of an e., N. G. L. i. 38, Gþl. l. c.; eldhús-fífl, n. a ‘fireside fool,’ an idiot who sits all day by the fire, Fas. ii. 114; in Sturl. iii. 219 eldahús and skáli seem to be used differently.
β. it may also be used of any room having a hearth and fire, eldahús … var þat brott frá öðrum húsum, Eg. 203; and even of a kitchen, 238, cp. Nj. 75. In mod. usage eldhús only means a kitchen.
n. brasier.
n. = eldberi, Am. 5.
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m. a fire-ball.
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u, f. kindling fire, Nj. 194: metaph., 625. 74, Mork. 7.
a. fiery, of fire (~ stólpi).
(elligr, Al. 65), adv. fiery, of fire, Greg. 19, Niðrst. 6, Fas. iii. 414, Sks. 208, Rb. 442, Stj. 98.
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n. fuel, Gþl. 369.
a. easily catching fire, flammable.
adj. easily catching fire, Sks. 427, Fms. xi. 34, Mork. 7.
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adj. fiery-red.
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f. fetching fire, Grett. 89.
m. firebrand.
m. a burning beam, Nj. 202.
(pl. -stóar), fire-place, hearth.
f., pl. stóar, a ‘fire-stove,’ hearth, Bárð. 2 new Ed., Nj. 236, Fb. iii. 446, Fas. ii. 115, Mork. 91; sitja við eldstó móður sinnar, Fs. 6.
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adj. hot as fire, of vinegar or the like.
a. habitually sitting by the fire (for warmth).
adj. always sitting by the fireside, as a spoilt boy; Oddr var eldsætr í æsku ok seinlegr ok kallaðr kolbitr, Landn. 235 (Hb.); Grímr var mikill ok eldsætr, ok þótti vera nær afglapi, Gullþ. 14, Krók. 33 (Kd. eldseti), Fas. ii. 112 (Ed. eldssetirm).
f. flint to strike fire with.
u, f. a flint stone, Fas. i. 447.
m. pl. the dwellers on the banks of the Gotha (Gautelfr).
m. pl. dwellers on the banks of the Gotha, Fms. vii. 17, 19, 321.
f. pl. the arms of the Gotha, also used of the mouths of the Nile.
f. pl. the arms of the Gotha, Fms. i. 7, iv. 9, ix. 274; used of the mouths of the Nile, Edda 148 (pref.)
n. pl. the skerries at the mouth of the Gotha.
n. pl. the Skerries at the mouth of the Gotha, Fms., Fas.; cp. álfr, p. 42.
(gen. elfar, dat. and acc. elfi), f. river; esp. as prop. name in Saxelfr, the Elbe; Gautelfr or Elfr, the river Gotha (in Sweden); Raumelfr (in Norway).
f., gen. elfar, acc. dat. elfi,
1. a pr. name of the three rivers called Elbe, Lat. Albis, viz. Gaut-Elfr, the Elb of the Gauts (a Scandin. people) = the River Gotha of the present time; Sax-E., the Elb of the Saxons, the Elbe; Raum-E., the Elb of the Raums (a people in Norway), i. e. the present Glommen and Wormen, Bær. 3, Nj. 42. Fms. i. 6, ii. 128, iii. 40, iv. 121, ix. 350, 393, 401, x. 292: Elfar-bakki, the bank of one of these Elbes, Bær. 3, Fms. ix. 269, 274; Elfinar-bakki, Fms. i. 19;, of the river Ochil in Scotland, is a false reading = Ekkjals-bakki, vide Orkn. 12.
COMPDS: Elfargrímar, Elfarkvíslir, Elfarsker.
2. meton. used of any great river, (rare in Icel. but freq. in mod. Dan.)
a. from the river Gotha.
adj. a dweller on one of the Elbe rivers, Landn., Fms. ii. 252.
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ð, to belch.
(-s, -ir), m. elk.
m., gen. elgs or elgjar, [Lat. alces; O. H. G. elah; Engl. elk], an elk, Gþl. 449, Fms. viii. 31, Fas. i. 54; elgja-gröf, f. an elk pit, a hunting term, D. N.; elgja-veiðr, f. hunting elks, Gþl. 448; elgjar-galgi, a, m., poët. ‘elks-gallow,’ the ice, as elks were hunted on the ice, Stor. 15; but some explain the phrase = tree, cp. Caes. Bell. Gall. vi. 27.
II. deep pools of half-melted ice; akin to ólga, ylgr.
m. a forest with elks.
m. a forest with elks, Gþl. 449.
a. mean, poor, = æligr.
adj. [Swed. elig], vile, Hom. 151; e. ambátt, a poor handmaid, Stj. 484. 1 Sam. xxv. 24; afleitt eðr elikt, vile and refuse, 456. 1 Sam. xv. 9; illr ok e., Hb. 31: it is probably akin to el-, Germ. elend, vide aulandi, p. 34.
m. pl. (mythological name).
m. pl. the Ice-waves, a mythol. name, Edda.
f. a rival wife (þær konur eru eljur er einn mann eigu).
u, f. a concubine, as opp. to a wedded wife; this word is either akin to eljan in the sense of zeal, jealousy, or to the word eligr, as these women were often captives of war and handmaids; cp. the case of Melkorka, Ld., cp. also Gen. xxi. 10:—the word is defined in Edda 109,—þær konur eru eljur, er einn mann eigu, those women are called ‘eljur,’ who are wives of one man; stattú upp ór binginum frá elju minni, Nj. 153; en elja hennar görði henni jafnan skapraun, Stj. 428. 1 Sam. i. 6 (‘and her adversary also provoked her sore,’ of the two wives of Elkanah); systur konu þinnar skaltú eigi taka til elju hennar, Stj. 320, Lev. xviii. 18: in poetry the earth is called the elja of Rinda, one of Odin’s wives, Fms. vi. (in a verse): this word points to the remotest time; the sole passage where it occurs in an Icel. hist, work is Nj. (above), where it is wrongly used, the wedded wife being called the elja by the concubine; cp. arin-elja.
f. endurance, energy.
f. (in mod. usage elja, u, f.), [Ulf. aljan = ζηλος; cp. A. S. ellian; Hel. ellan], endurance, energy; eljun ok styrk annarra manna, Fms. vii. 228; heilsu ok eljun, 277; afl ok eljun, Fas. i. (in a verse); atferð ok eljun, Ld. 318; ok fari þar e. eptir ok öll tilræði, Fs. 4.
COMPDS: eljanarlauss, eljunarleysi, eljunarmaðr.
β. in mod. usage elju-lauss, adj., elju-leysi, n., with the notion of impatience; hann hefir enga elju á e-u, he is too restless to perform anything.
a. wanting energy, inactive.
adj. [ellennlæss, Ormul.], weak, feeble, Al. 100, Fbr. 157.
f. pertness, sarcasm.
u, f. [cp. elja], pertness, sauciness, Skýr. 53 (pref.)
n. want of energy, weakness.
n. weakness, want of energy, Fms. iv. 163.
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m. an energetic man, Fms. iv. 163, viii. 447.
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m. the hall of Hela, Edda (Gl.)
adv. and conj.
1) else, otherwise (skaltu eigi annat þora en fara ella skal ek drepa þik); eða ella, or else; eða heit hvers manns níðingr ella, or else be called the ‘nithing’ of every man;
2) or, or else (annathvárt at koma honum á mitt vald, ella drepa hann sjálfr).
adv., in Norse laws freq. ellar, and so in Fms. vi. 214, vii. 17, 115, etc.; in mod. Icel. usage ellegar; elligar, Ó. H., Grág., Mork., passim, etc., which seems to be the original form, qs. ell-vegar, ‘other-ways,’ cp. þann-ig, hinn-ig, einn-ig; ella, though it is the usual form in the MSS., would be an apocopated form, the r being dropt: [A. S. elles; Engl. else; Swed. eljest; cp. Lat. alius, Gr. αλλος]:—else, otherwise; er yðr nú annat-hvárt til at leggja í brott þegar, ella búisk þér við sem skjótast, Nj. 44; en þann þeirra e. er réttari er, Grág. i. 78; en ella jamt skerða sem at skuldadómi, 84; ella liggr á þér víti, Fms. iv. 27; hann hét vináttu sinni ef þessu vildi játa en elligar afarkostum, Ó. H. 141; ella man ek láta drepa þik, Nj. 74; eða—ella, or—else, Fms. vi. 196 (in a verse); eða heit hvers manns níðingr ella, or else be called the ‘nithing’ of every man, Nj. 176; eða drepit hann ella, Fms. xi. 100; eðr stökki hann af eignum sínum ellar, vii. 17.
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‘eleventy’ (i. e. one hundred and ten), like seventy, eighty, etc., freq. in reckoning by duodecimal hundreds, Feðga-æfi 16.
f. old age (fyrir e. sakir).
f. indecl. [Dan. ælde], ‘eld,’ old age; the saying, öllum hefir elli á kné komit, old age has brought all on their knees, cp. the tale in Edda 33, 34, where the old giantess Elli wrestles with Thor, whence in poetry she is called ‘the antagonist of Thor,’ Eg. (in a verse); engi hefir sá orðit …, at eigi komi ellin öllum til falls, Edda 34; fyrir elli sakar, Eg. 107; eigi er þat síðr en elli …, Nj. 171.
COMPDS: ellibelgr, ellibjúgr, ellidagar, ellidauðr, ellidómr, elligamall, elliglöp, ellihamr, ellihrumr, ellihærur, ellikarl, ellilyf, ellimóðr, ellisjúkr, ellistoð, ellitíð, ellivafur, ellivam, elliþokki.
m. a kind of ship.
a, m. a kind of ship with a high poop, Edda (Gl.), Fas. ii. 5; hence Elliða-ey, f. the name of an island, from its resemblance to these old-fashioned ships, Landn., Kb.; Elliði, a, m. a farm, Korm.; Elliða-Grímr, m., pr. name of a man, Landn., Nj.
ord. numb. the eleventh.
mod. ellefti, ord. numb. the eleventh, Landn. 199, Fms. ix. 412.
card. numb. eleven.
mod. ellefu, ord. numb., the Goth. ainlif; A. S. ellefne; Engl. eleven; Germ. eilf; Swed. elfva; Dan. elleve:—‘lif’ is an obsolete word, denoting ten, so that ‘eleven, twelve’ are formed just like thirteen, fourteen, etc.
m. the ‘slough’ of old age (kasta ellibelginum).
m., in the mythol. phrase, kasta e., to cast the ‘slough of age,’ to be young again, Mag. 3, (freq.)
a. bowed down with age.
adj. bowed down with age, Mag.
m. pl. old days.
m. pl. old days, Stj. 190, Sks. 458.
a. verða ~, to die of old age.
adj. dead (dying) from old age, Nj. 58, Fms. i. 117, Edda 18.
m. old age.
m. old age, Stj. 192.
a. very old.
adj. exceeding old, Stj. 190, Sks. 92, Al. 3.
n. pl. dotage of old age.
n. pl. dotage from old age, Fas. i. 421.
m. = ellibelgr.
= ellibelgr (of serpents shedding their slough), Stj. 98.
a. decrepit with age.
adj. tottering from old age, Stj. 432.
f. pl. hoariness of age.
f. pl. the hoariness of age, Stj. 214.
m. old man.
m. an old carle, Barl. 164.
n. medicine to keep off old age.
f. medicine to bar old age, elixir vitae, (mythol.). Haustl. 9, cp. Edda 63.
a. weary with age.
adj. worn, weary from age, Ld. 12, Landn. 117.
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f. a popular version of Elizabeth, cp. Scot. Elspeth, Fms. vi. (of a Russian princess).
a. infirm through age.
adj. sick from age, Þiðr. 30.
f. stay of old age.
f. the stay of old age.
f. time of old age.
f. time of old age, Hom. 13.
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n. pl. wavering from age, decrepitude, Bret. 162 (of king Lear); in Eg. 756 (the verse), the old poet said, vals hefi’k váfur elli = elli-vafur; the comparison with the passage in Bret. is decisive, and the explanation in Lex. Poët. s. v. vafur is undoubtedly wrong.
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n. the being a dotard, Bret. 162.
m. oldish look (hratt hón af sér elli-þokka).
a, m. looking old; hratt hón af sér elliþokka, Stj. 627, 2 Kings ix. 30 (of the old queen Jezebel).
a. compar. elder, older.
(eldri), compar. elder, and ellstr (eldstr), superl. eldest; vide gamall.
f. branch, twig.
u, f. [almr], a branch, twig, Mar. 183.
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adj. in compds, tví-e., þrí-e., etc., two, three … ells long.
(að), v. to wax, grow; sótt elnar á hendr e-m, e-m elnar sóttin, one’s illness becomes worse.
að, [cp. Goth. aljanon; A. S. elnjan = aemulari], to wax, grow, a medic. term, in the phrases, sótt elnar á hendr e-m, the fever grows upon one’s hands, i. e. becomes worse; en sótt elnaði á hendr Gizuri biskupi, Bs. i. 69; þá elnaði sótt á hendr Kveldúlfi, en er dró at því at hann var banvænn, etc., Eg. 126; e-m elnar sótt, id.; ok elnar honum sóttin, Band. 14; en Lopthænu einaði sóttin (of a woman in labour), Fas. ii. 162; sótt elnaði við Lopthænu, 504.
I) (gen. elptar), f. swan (= álpt).
II) pl. from álpt, swan.
f. = álpt, a swan, Str. 52, 62, etc.
(gen. -is), m. alder.
m., and elri, n. the alder-tree, Lat. alnus, A. S. alor, aler, Germ. erle, Edda (Gl.), Ó. H. 250, Fbr. 10.
I)
(að), v. to love (hann ~ði ekki annat goð meir en Frey);
refl., ~st at e-m, to grow fond of; recipr., to love one another (höfðu þau Jón ~zt frá barnœsku).
II)
f. love (= ást); hafa elsku á e-m, to love one; leggja elsku á e-n or við e-n, to take a fancy for, to fall in love with one.
að, to love, love dearly, with acc.; elskaðr sem sá er framast elskaði sannan Guð, Fs. 80; konungr elskaði Hákon meir en nokkurn annan mann, Fms. i. 17; Birkibeinar elskuðu því meir sveininn, sem …, ix. 244; halt vel trú þína ok elska Guð, ii. 255; Hrafnkell elskaði ekki annat goð meir enn Frey, Hrafn. 4; kona þess hins ríka manns elskaði Jóseph, Sks. 455: hann sá at Guð elskaði Davíd (acc.), 708; ok er sva auðr svá sem hann er elskaðr til, 442.
2. reflex., elskask at e-m, to grow fond of; Þorkell var lengi með jarlinum ok elskaðisk at honum, Fms. iv. 217 (‘elskaði’ at jarli, act., Ó. H. 93, is scarcely right).
β. recipr. to love one another; höfðu þau Jón elskask frá barnæsku, Bs. i. 282; þessir ungu menn elskask sín í millum mjök hjartanliga, 655 xxxii. 20. Icel. have a playful rhyme referring to lovers, running thus—elskar hann (hún) mig, | af öllu hjarta, | ofrheitt || harla lítið | og ekki neitt, which calls to mind the scene in Göthe’s Faust, where Gretchen plucks off the petals of the flower with the words, liebt mich—nicht—liebt mich—nicht.
I)
(að), v. to love (hann ~ði ekki annat goð meir en Frey);
refl., ~st at e-m, to grow fond of; recipr., to love one another (höfðu þau Jón ~zt frá barnœsku).
II)
f. love (= ást); hafa elsku á e-m, to love one; leggja elsku á e-n or við e-n, to take a fancy for, to fall in love with one.
u, f. (ælska, Barl. 6, O. H. L.), [this word is peculiar to the Scandin. races; it is probably derived from él and an inflexive sk, and properly means storm, whence metaph. passion; the Swedes and Danes have not the single word, but älskog and elskov, qs. elsk-hogr; Icel. elskhugi or elskogi]:—love; með Guðs elsku ok náungs, Hom. 48; hafa elsku á e-m, to love one, Bs. i. 36; mikla elsku hafði jarl á konungs syni, Fms. ix. 242; vit höfum lengi saman haldit okkarri elsku, vii. 140; svá mikla ást sem þú hefir á hinum digra manni ok elsku við hann lagt, iv. 182.
COMPDS: elskuband, elskubragð, elskufullr, elskugeð, elskugras, elskulauss, elskuleysi, elskumerki, elskusemi, elskuváttr.
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part. a lover, Greg. 30.
adv. lovingly.
adv. lovingly, 655 xxxii. 17.
a. beloved, lovable.
adj. beloved, N. T.
m. lover (e. e-s).
a, m. a lover, Barl. 88, 187, Karl. 545, Mar. 197, (rare.)
a. fondly attached to one (e. at e-m), of persons and animals.
adj., in the phrase, e. at e-m, fondly attached to one, fond of one, of the attachment of children, or to children; hann var elskr at Agli, he loved the boy Egil, Eg. 187; Egill (the father) unni honum mikit, var Böðvarr (the child) ok e. at honum, 599: also used of animals, ok svá elskir hvarr at öðrum, at hvárr rann eptir öðrum, two steeds that never left one another, Nj. 81; hann (the ox) er mjök elskr at mér, Fms. iii. 132; hence mann-elskr, of pet lambs or tamed animals (but never used of cats, dogs, or animals that are constant companions of man); heima-e., home-loving, one who never leaves the hearth, Fs. 4.
n. tie (bond) of love.
n. a bond of love, Mar.
n. deed of love.
n. a deed of love, Mar. 220.
a. full of love.
adj. full of love, Barl. 179.
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n. a loving kindness, Pass. 30. II.
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n. love’s flower, vide brönugrös s. v. brana, p. 76.
a. loveless.
adj. loveless.
n. lovelessness.
n. want of love, Lex. Poët.
adv.
1) lovingly;
2) heartily, delightfully.
adv. lovingly, heartily, Fms. i. 140.
a.
1) affectionate;
2) beloved, dear (e. faðir!); ~ e-m, dear to one.
adj. loving; e. alvara, warm affection. Fms. iii. 63, K. Á. 22: dear, beloved, þitt e. andlit, 655 xxxii. 7; e. sonr, Th. 7; var henni mjök e., Fms. i. 81; ἀγαπητός of the N. T. is usually rendered by elskuligr.
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n. a love token.
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f. lovingness.
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m. a love token. Elska never occurs as a verb or noun in old heathen poets; Arnor is the first poet on record who uses it; old writers prefer using ást; with Christianity, and esp. since the Reformation, it gained ground; ἀγαπαν of the N. T. is usually rendered by elska (to love) and ἀγάπη by elska (love) or kærleiki (chanty); so, mann-elska, humanity, kindness.
m.
1) love;
2) beloved person (minn ágætr ~).
or elsk-ogi, a, m. [Swed. älskog; Dan. elskov], love, Edda 21; vináttu ok elskhuga, Stj. 8; ástúð ok e., 130, Bev. 8 (Fr.); elskugi (ælskugi), Barl. 6: a sweetheart, minn sæti herra ok ágætr elskugi (my love), Fb. i. 514.
(elta, eltr), v.
1) to knead (e. leir); ek skal yðra búð e. (belabour) með klungrum;
2) to chase, pursue; e. óxn með vendi, to drive cattle with a goad; e. sauði, to run after sheep;
refl., eltast eptir e-m, to pursue eagerly.
t, to chase, with acc.; þeir eltu einn hjört, Flóv. 27 ; elta dýr á spori, Barl. 199; e. sauði, to run after sheep, in order to fetch them back, Nj. 27, Korm. 28 (in a verse); eltu Þjálfa, Hbl. 39; þeir höfðu elt af skipum Tryggva konung, they had driven king T. from his ships, Fms. i. 37; Styrkárr elti þá suðr í Karmsund, ix. 54; hljópu á land upp ok eltu þá, iv. 304, Gullþ. 21; e. öxn með vendi, to drive cattle with a goad, Karl. 471.
β. reflex. to pursue one eagerly; eltask eptir e-m, … Fms. ix. 305: Icel. now say, eltask við e-n, e. g. of catching a horse, sheep, when grazing wild in an open field.
II. to knead, work; elta leir, to mix lime, Stj. 247, cp. Exod. i. 14.
2. a tanner’s term; e. skinn, to tan a hide, i. e. rub, scratch it, so as to make it soft; ek skal yðra húð elta með klungrum, Stj. 395. Judges viii. 7; elt skinn, tanned hide; óelt skinn, rough hide, (freq.)
3. = velta, to overthrow, in the Runic phrase, at rita sa varþi es ailti stain þansi eþa heþan dragi, Rafn 188, 194.
(pl. -ar), f. pursuing, chasing.
f., chiefly in pl. pursuing, chasing, Fms, vii. 128, 294, Fs. 50.
II. botan., proncd. elking, [Swed. ältgras], spearwort, equisetum vulgare, arvense, Björn.
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f. pl. pursuing, Fms. vii. 407, viii. 406, Róm. 276.
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(in Ub. spelt Emla), u, f. a mythol. word, which only occurs in Vsp. 17; and hence in Edda (where it is said that the gods found two lifeless trees, the askr (ash) and the embla; of the ash they made man, of the embla woman), it is a question what kind of tree the embla was; some suggest a metathesis, qs. emla from ahnr, elm, but the compound emblu-askr, in one of Egil’s poems, seems to shew that the embla was in some way related to the ash.
(-tta, -tt), v.
1) to attend, serve, wait upon, e. e-m (eiga gestum. at e.); e. fé, to attend to the cattle, to milk;
2) to administer the sacrament to one (e. e-m).
tt, mod. að, to attend, wait upon, with dat.; e. gestum, to wait upon guests; kann vera at Guð yðvarr sé á málstefnu, eðr eigi gestum at e., Stj. 593. I Kings xviii. 27; eigi samneytti hon, heldr e. hon, she ate not with the people, but waited on them, 655 xxxi A. 3; e. fé, to serve the cattle, to milk, Ísl. ii. 334, 482.
2. eccl. to say mass, to celebrate the eucharist, D. N.
β. in mod. usage since the Reformation, to officiate as a clergyman.
n.
1) service, = þjónosta 1; veita e-m e., to serve one; bindast í e-s e., to enter one’s service; guðligt e., holy service; hefi ek mörg vandræði þolat í þinu e., in your service;
2) the sacrament, eucharist, = þjónosta 3;
3) office (biskupligt e.); bjóða e-m af e., to depose one from office.
(embuð, Anecd. 38), n. [Germ. amt; Dan. embede; as to the root vide ambátt, p. 19], service, office; bjóða e-m af e., to depose one from office, Bs. i. 550; Guðs e., Hom. 121, 160, Stj. 613. 2 Kings iv. 13; mikit e., hard work, a great task, Hom. 153; veita e-m e., to serve one, Fms. viii. 332, 406; bindask í e-s e., to enter one’s service, Sks. 357; fremja e., to perform a service, Bs. i. 426; Guðligt e., holy service, Fms, ii. 198; heilagt skírnar e., holy baptism, i. 148: officiating at mass, D. N.
2. in mod. use,
α. divine service, answering to ‘mass’ in the Roman church; fyrir, eptir e., before, after service.
β. in a secular sense, [Germ. amt, Dan. embede], a public office.
COMPDS: embættisfærr, embættisgörð, embættislauss, embættismaðr.
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adj. able to perform one’s duties, Ann. 1332.
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f. officiating (of a clergyman), Bs. i. 811.
a. holding no office (of a priest).
adv. holding no office (of a priest), Sturl. ii. 118.
m.
1) servant;
2) priest.
m. a minister (priest), Hom. 119, Sks. 162, Fms. v. 146: in mod. use, embættismaðr, -lauss, etc. (= Germ, beamter, Dan. embedsman) mean an officer, chiefly in a secular sense.
(að), v. to emend (a book).
að, to amend (Lat. word), Fb. i. 517.
(að), v. to howl, shriek.
að, to howl, Fms. vi. 150. x. 383, Fas. i. 213, 656 B. 10, Fagrsk. 8.
f. howling, shrieking.
f. howling, Fs. 44.
I)
conj.
1) but;
~ heima mun ek sitja, but I will stay at home;
2) as a copulative, and, = ok;
ek kann ráðum, Gunnhildar, ~ kappsemd Egils, I know the devices of G. and (on the other hand) Egil’s eagerness;
3) = ‘an’, than (óbrigðra vin fær maðr aldregi ~ mannvit mikit).
II)
in Norse MSS. = ef, er (rel. pron. and temp. conj.);
1) if;
sælar væri sálurnar, ~ þær vissi, if they knew;
2) as a rel. pron., = er;
mína dóttur, ~ (= er) allra meyja er fegrst, who is the fairest of all maidens;
3) when, = er, þá er (þeir vóru í hjá, ~ upp var lesit).
1. disjunctive conj.; in MSS. spelt either en or enn, [a particle peculiar to the Scandin.; in Danish men; in Swedish both men, än, and endast; Norse enn and also men, Ivar Aasen]:—but; en ef hann hefir, þá …, but if he has, then …, Grág. i. 261; en ef menn gefa þeim mat, id.; en heima mun ek sitja, but I will stay at home, Fms. vi. 100; en fjöldi féll, but a great many fell, Fas. ii. 514; eyrum hlýðir en augum skoðar, Hm. 7; en ekki eigu annarra manna orð, Grág. i. 84, 99, 171; en Skíðblaðnir skipa, en jóa Sleipnir, en hunda garmr, Gm. 44; en ór sveita sjár, en ór beinum björg, Vþm. 21; and passim. It is even used with a slight conjunctive sense; þykki mér sem því muni úhægt saman at koma, kappi þínu ok dirfð ‘en’ skaplyndi konungs, methinks it will be hard to make the two things go together, thy vehemence and rashness ‘and’ (on the other hand) the temper of the king, Eg. 521; ek kann ráðum Gunnhildar ‘en’ kappsemd Egils, I know the devices of Gunnhilda ‘and’ (on the other hand) Egil’s eagerness, 257: used in narratives to begin a sentence, merely denoting the progress of the tale, much the same as ‘and,’ cp. …
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I)
conj.
1) with subj. (a standing phrase in the law connecting the latter clause of a conditional premiss) if, and if, and in case that, and supposing that;
nú hefir maðr sveinbarn fram fœrt í œsku, ~ verði sá maðr veginn síðan, þá …, if a man has brought a boy up in his youth, and it so happens that he (the boy) be slain, then …;
2) even if, allhough, with subj. (seg mér, hvat til berr, at þú veizt fyrir úorðna hluti, ~ sér þú eigi spámaðr);
3) even;
þá skal hann segja búum sínum til, ~ á, þingi, even in parliment;
4) if only with subj. (fyrir engan mun þori ek at vekja konunginn en segja má ek honum tíðindin, ef þú vill, ~ vekir þú hann);
5) and indeed, and of course, and also, and besides;
~ skulum vér þá leysa þik, and then of course we shall loose thee;
sýnist þat jafnan, at ek em fégjarn, ~ man svá enn, and so it will be also in this case;
6) and yet;
eigi nenni ek at hafa þat saman, at veita Högna, ~ drepa bróður hans, I cannot bear to do both, help H. and yet kill his brother;
7) ellipt. without a preceding premiss;
~ tak þú nú øxi þína, and now take thy axe.
II)
(að, or enda, ent), v. …
1. a copul. conj. with a slight notion of cause or even disjunction: [the use of this copulative is commonly regarded as a test word to distinguish the Scandin. and the Saxon-Germ.; the A. S. ende, Engl. and, Hel. end, Germ. und being represented by Scandin. auk, ok, or og: whereas the disjunctive particle is in Scandin. en, enn, or even enda, answering to the Engl., A. S., and Germ. aber, but; the Gothic is neutral, unless jab, by which Ulf. renders καί, be = auk, ok:—this difference, however, is more apparent than real; for the Icel. ‘enda’ is probably identical with the Germ. and Saxon und, and: in most passages it has a distinct copulative sense, but with something more than this]:—and, etc.
I. with subj., a standing phrase in the law, connecting the latter clause of a conditional premiss, if so and so, and if …, and again if …; or it may be rendered, and in case that, and supposing that, or the like. The following references will make it plainer; ef goðinn er um sóttr, enda hafi hann öðrum manni í hönd selt …, þá skal hann ok sekja …, if a suit lies against the priest, ‘and’ he has named a proxy, then the suit lies also against him (viz. …
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m. the last day, day of death (vita sinn endadag).
m. (enda-dægr, n.), the last day, day of death, Fms. viii. 93, x. 388, Sks. 355, Fas. i. 223.
f. end-board (of a chest).
f. a gable end, Pr. 413.
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m. the ‘end-knot,’ final issue.
a. endless, eternal (endalaus pína, farsæld).
adj. endless, Fms. v. 343, Sks. 617, Hom. 87.
n. pl. end, conclusion.
n. pl. and enda-lykt, f. the end, conclusion, Finnb. 248, Fbr. 29, Hom. 152, Fms. iii. 163, v. 343, Stj. 20, 49.
n. end, limit;
endamörk ríkis þíns, the end of thy reign.
n. the end, limit, H. E. ii. 70, Fms. v. 343.
n. limit, boundary.
n. id., D. N.
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adj. thin at the end, tapering, in the phrase, láta eigi verða endamjótt við e-n, to treat one well to the end; Icel. say, e-t verðr
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n. adj. it has an abrupt end, etc.
m. rectum.
m. the great gut, Pr. 473.
n. = eindœmi 2, something unexampled or unheard of (þat er undr ok ~);
and endimi, n. pl. an abomination, scandal, shame, esp. in exclamations; sé undr ok endemi! Niðrst. 6; ok þykir nauðsyn, at eigi verði þau e. í, Fms, xi. 27; nú era slíkt mikil e., vii. 36; heyr á endemi, hear the abomination! for shame! heyra á firn ok e., 21, ii. 14; heyr á e., segir Hallgerðr, þú gerir þik góðan, Nj. 74; vissum vér eigi vánir slíkra véla ok endema, Blas. 46; mörg e. tóku menn þá til önnur, Bs. i. 62; hér lýstr í e., segir hann, Fms. xi. 94. endemismaðr, m. a monster, Fs. 38. The etym. is doubtful, either = ein-dæmi, what is unexampled, or rather from dámr and the prefix and-; endemi is always used in a very bad sense; the passage Fms. v. 206—veiztu ef þau e. (= wonder) eru sönn, at konungrinn sé heilagr hjá okkr—is an exception and perhaps incorrect.
m.
1) the end (extremity) of an object (þar var skáli mikill ok dyrr á báðum endum);
2) conclusion, end, issue (hvern enda eiga mundi málit); gera enda á e-u, koma enda á e-t, to bring to an end; vera á enda, to be at an end; S. var vistum með föður sínum til enda, S. stayed with his father to the end; eigi er fyrir enda um gert með þeim, their difference is not settled between them upphaf ok endir, beginning and end; hér skal nú ok endir á verða, here it shall come to an end; sá varð endir á, at, the end of it was, that; til alls endis, to the very end.
a, m., and endir, s, m. [Ulf. andeis = τέλος; A. S. ende; Engl. end; O. H. G. enti; Germ. ende; Swed. ände; Dan. ende]:—the end, conclusion; as in the proverbs, endirinn skyldi í upphafi skoða, Lat. quidquid incipias respice finem; allt er gott ef endirinn er góðr, all’s well that ends well; sjá fyrir enda á e-u, to see the end of a thing (how it will end); göra fyrir enda á e-u (a weaver’s term), to bring to an end, Grett. 100 new Ed.; leysa e-m illan (góðan) enda (a weaver’s term), to bring to an ill (good) end, Korm. 164 (in a verse); mun einn endir leystr vera um þá úgiptu. it will all come to one end, Gisl. 82; binda enda á e-t, to fulfil, finish, Snót 169; göra enda á, to bring to an end, Dipl. i. 6; vera á enda, to be at an end, Fms. xi. 427 (to be at one’s wit’s end); standask á endum, Nj. 111; allt með endum, adv. from end to end, Lex. Poët.; til annars endans, Nj. 176; öðrum endanum, Eg. 91; dyrr á báðum endum, Fms. iv. 220; at sínum enda hvárir, Grág. ii. 48; til enda jarðar, 656 B. 4; endanum (with the article), 655, xxxii; …
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adj. abominable, Clem. 129.
f. ending, termination.
f. ending, termination, Fms. v. 225, Vígl. 16.
m. esp. in nom., = endi (upphaf ok ~ míns máls).
v. endi.
n. borderland.
n. borders, confines, Stj. 406, 531, 546.
a. along the whole extent of, from one end to the other (ríða um endilangt herað); ok lagðist þar ~, at full length; um endilangt, at endilöngu, lengthways.
adj. ‘end-long,’ from one end to another; eptir endilangri mörkinni, Eg. 58; með endilöngum bekkjum, along the benches, Nj. 220; útlaga fyrir endilangan Noreg, 368, Fms. iv. 319, Grett. 97: as adverb. phrases, ‘endwise,’ opp. to ‘across,’ at endilöngum skipum, Fms. vii. 94; um endilangan, Stj. 290; um endilangt, Bs. i. 644; at endilöngu, El. 32.
a. = endalauss.
adj. endless, Hom. 87.
f. nonsense (endilokleysa).
u, f. nonsense, ‘without end or aim,’ Fms. vi. 375.
adv.
1) finally (staðfesta ~);
2) completely.
adv. finally, Stj. 225, Fms. ix. 355, v. l.
a. = endaligr.
adj. final, Stj. 110, Dipl. ii. 11, Bs. i. 8.
n. pl. = endalok; til ~a heims, to the end of the world.
n. pl. the end, conclusion, 625. 172.
n.
1) limit, end;
2) boundary;
3) aim, end.
n. esp. pl. a boundary, confine, Grág. ii. 166, Hom. 48, Stj. 275, 345, Sks. 338, Dipl. ii. 4, Pm. 92: a limit, end, Hom. 52, Skálda 206, Gþl. 44, Sks. 272 B, Fms. ii. 89, H. E. i. 466.
n. = endamerki.
n. (and endi-mörk, f.) = endimark, Sks. 207, 338 B.
I) adv.
1) in times of yore, formerly, = endr fyrir löngu;
2) again (svá kom Óðins son endr at hamri);
3) endr á sinnum, endr ok stundum, from time to time, now and then.
II) pl. from önd, duck.
adv. [cp. Lat. ante].
I. in times of yore, erst, formerly, before; very freq. in old poetry, Am. 1, Ad. 3, Ýt. 12, 13, Eg. 751 (in a verse), vide Lex. Poët.; in prose very rare, or only in the phrase, endr fyrir löngu, a long time ago, Fas. iii. 250, 347; cp. eðr.
2. in the phrases, endr annan veg en endr = now one way, now another, 677. 2; endr ok sinnum, mod. endrum og sinnum, from time to time, now and then, Sks. 208; endr ok stundum, id., 703 B. endra-nær and endrar-nær, adv. at other times, otherwise; bæði þá ok endra-nær, Bs. i. 533; sem jafnan endra-nær, as always else, 526, 538; sem ávalt endrar-nær, Fas. ii. 144; at enum sama hætti sem e., Rb. 28; en þat er endra-nær, at …, but else, that …, Fms. viii. 410.
II. again; svá kom Óðins son endr at hamri, Þkv. 32. Mostly as prefix to nouns and verbs, answering to Lat. re-, chiefly in a biblical and theological sense, esp. after the Reformation.
(-dda, -ddr), v. to ask again.
d, to beg again, Thom. 462, Post.
pp. reborn, regenerated.
part. born again, Sæm. 118, Sturl. iii. 269, Fas. iii. 68.
f. restoration, regeneration.
f. making good again, repentance, Hom. 41.
(see búa), v. to renew, restore.
bjó, to restore, 655 xiii B. 3.
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tt, to repair, restore, 671. 3, 655 A. 13: reflex., 625. 69, Fms. ii. 212, Greg. 34, Stj. 53, 228, 632.
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f. restitution, restoration, Stj. 52, 632, 625. 69.
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m. a thing repaired, patchwork, N. G. L. i. 75.
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f. an offering, presenting again, Stj. 49.
(að), v. to present again.
að, to offer, present again, Stj. 49.
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dd, to regenerate, Hom. 154, 1 Peter i. 3.
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f. regeneration, Matth. xix. 28.
m. pl. those who give again.
part. those who give again, Hm. 40.
(see geta), v. = endrfœða.
gat, to bear (give birth to) again; sonu þína sem Heilög Kristni endrgat, 623. 28; endrgetinn fyrir vatn ok Helgan Anda, Hom. 55, Fms. iii. 166; endrgetinn af vatni ok Helgum Anda, Hom. 3: reflex. to be born again, Post. 656 B. 11, Niðrst. 104.
m. regeneration.
m. the being horn again, Niðrst. 104.
f. = endrgetnaðr.
f. = endrgetnaðr, 655 vi. 2, Titus iii. 5.
(see gjalda), v. to pay back, to repay.
galt, to reward, Mar. 175, Bs. ii. 25, Rom. xii. 19.
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a, m. a rewarder. Heb. xi. 6.
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dd, to heal again. Barl. 148.
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ð, to restore, reconstruct, K. Á. 28.
(að), v. to purify again.
að, to purify again, Hom. (St.)
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ð, to move again, Barl. 130.
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t, to redeem, 2 Peter ii. 1.
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part. replaced, Skv. 3. 65.
f. redemption.
f. redemption, Luke xxi. 28, 1 Cor. i. 30; this and the following two words were scarcely used before the Reformation.
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a, m. the Redeemer, Job xix. 25, etc.
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t, to redeem, Matth. xvi. 26, Luke xxiv. 21.
(að), v. to return to life, to revive.
að, to come to life again, Stj. 221, Greg. 58, Luke xv. 32.
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að, to call to life again, Stj. 30.
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f. a refreshing, revival, Acts iii. 19.
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t. dep. to remember, call to mind, Stj. 23, 40, 51.
f. remembrance, recollection.
f. remembrance, recollection, Hom. 9, Skálda 204.
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f. tribulation, Stj. 49.
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t, to repeat, Matth. vii. 2.
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n. repetition, Sturl. iii. 71 C.
(að), v. to renew, repeat; impers. (~ði sóttina í annat sinn).
að, to renew, repeat, Fms. ix. 248, 499, Jb. 156, K. Á. 28: impers., Eb. 278: reflex. to grow again, Str.
f. renewal.
f. renovation, renewing, Titus iii. 5.
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ð, to refresh, Matth. xi. 28, Rom. xv. 32, 2 Cor. vii. 13.
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f. refreshing.
(-ta, -tr), v. to raise again.
t, to raise again, Fms. x. 276.
a. indecl. downcast, dispirited.
adj. ind. downcast, forlorn; Ketill kvað þá mjök e., K. said that they were much cast down, disheartened, Fas. ii. 16, Fspl. 12; it occurs only in these two passages, see a note of Dr. Scheving to Fspl. l. c., where he says that the word still survives in the east of Icel.
f. (see semja), v. to renew.
samði, to recompose, renew, Bs. i. 735.
(see skapa), v. to create anew, recreate.
að, to create anew, Eluc. 52, Str. 52.
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að, to restore, Acts iii. 21.
(see taka), v. to resume, take up again (~ til e-s).
tók, to retake, Stj. 29.
(-ða, -ðr), v. to make secure again, reconcile.
ð, to reconcile, Bs. i. 686.
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vatt, to turn back (of things), Orkn. 202.
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að, to recover one’s senses, Vídal.
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u, f. retribution, Hm. 4.
a. = endilangr.
adj. = endilangr, Grág. ii. 257, Vkv. 7.
1) (gen. -jar, pl. -jar), f. meadow, meadow-land (hann villtist í enginni); pl. outlying grass-fields.
2) n. meadow, meadow-land (tún ok eng; akr ok engi).
f., pl. engjar, (spelt æng, O. H. L.), [Dan. eng; Swed. äng; A. S. ing, found in local names in North. E., as Ings, Broad Ing]:—a meadow; opp. to akr, in the allit. phrase, akr né eng, Grág. i. 407, Hrafn. 21, Gþl. 136, 360, K. Þ. K. 90; í enginni, Stj. 193; veitti hann lækinn á eng sína, Landn. 145; hálfs mánaðar eng, half a month’s meadow-land, Dipl. ii. 12: in pl. engjar is in Icel. used of the outlying lands, opp. to tún, the home-field, and hagi, the pasturage, vide Grett. ch. 50; engjar manna, Grág. ii. 264: þótt fé gangi í engjar, 233: used in many COMPDS: engjabrigð, engjagrasnautn, engjahey, engjamerki, engjarós, engjaskipti, engjasláttr, engjavinna, engjaverk, engjavöxtr.
I)
(neut. ekki), indef. pron.
1) no, none, no one; hafa ekki e-s, to have nothing of it; lose it altogether (er búit við, at þú hafir þá ekki dýrsins); old dat. einugi = engu (fátt er svá illt, at einugi dugi);
2) any, after a negative (aldri fyrr fekk hann þvílíkan sigr í engri herferð); after comparative (þessir dvergar kunnu betr smíða af járni en engir aðrir).
II)
n. meadow, meadow-land (tún ok eng; akr ok engi).
n. (= eng), meadow-land, a meadow, Grág. i. 123, ii. 264, Háv. 51.
COMPDS: engishöfn, engislé, engismaðr.
(pl. englar), m. angel.
m. [Gr. αγγελος; Lat. eccl. angelus: hence in the Teut. dialects, Goth. aggilus; A. S. and Germ. engel; Engl. angel]:—an angel, Rb. 78, Nj. 157, 625. 4, N. T., Pass., Vídal., etc.; englar, höfuð-englar, veldis-englar, Hom. 133; engils andlit, 623. 55.
COMPDS: englafylki, englalið, englalíf, englamjöl, englasveit, englasýn.
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adj. English, D. N. (freq. but mod., vide Enskr).
n. Cape San Angelo.
n. the ness of Achaia; ? the Peloponnesus; Achaia-landi, þat köllu vér Engilsnes, Post. 252, v. l. 4, cp. Orkn.
a. angelical (engillig ásjóna).
adj. angelical, Stj. 4, Niðrst. 4.
f. possession of a meadow.
f. possession of a meadow, Grág. ii. 274.
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m. a scythe to mow a meadow, Korm. 40 (in a verse), (engissler, MS.); this seems to be the correct reading of the passage.
m. owner of a meadow.
m. the owner of a meadow, Grág. ii. 289.
m. a neighbour who has to appear in an engidómr.
a, m. a neighbour who has to appear in an engidómr.
m. meadow-valley.
m. a meadow-valley, Stj. 163.
m. a court to decide the possesszon of a contested meadow.
(or engja-dómr), m. a court to decide the possession of n meadow, sitting on the spot, Grág. (L. Þ. ch. 17) ii. 269 sqq.
n.
1) boundwy of a meadow;
2) the meadow within the boundary.
n. the boundary of a meadow, Grág. ii. 233, 287.
n. division of a meadow.
n. = engja-skipti; engiskiptis-búi, m. = engi-búi, Grág. ii. 276.
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u, f. [Swed. grässhoppa; Dan. græshoppe], a grasshopper, locust, Matth. iii. 4, Exod. x.
m. strip of meadow-land.
m. a piece of meadow-land, Grág. ii. 259, Eg. 745, Vm. 15.
n. meadow-work; um engi-verk, during the time of mowing the meadows.
n. meadow work, Eb. 150; = engja-sláttr; um e., during the time of mowing the meadows, Grág. i. 149, K. Þ. K. 136.
m. that which grows upon meadows.
m. meadow-produce, Grág. ii. 287.
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1. ð, [Gr. αγχω; Lat. ango; Germ. engen], to press tight, compress; engdr (vexed) með ufriði, Str.: with dat., hón engvir honum (makes him anxious, vexes him), ok angrar, id.: the mod. phrase, engja sig (or engjask), Swed. wrida sig, = to writhe with pain, chiefly used of a worm.
2. u, f. and enging, f. [Germ. enge], narrowness (rare): medic., garn-engja, constriction of the bowels.
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f. the escheatage of an eng, Grág. ii. 277.
n. right of grazing, or making hay in the engjar.
f. right of grazing, making hay in the eng, Vm. 48.
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n. hay of the eng, = út-hey, ‘out-field hay,’ opp. to taða, hay from the well-manured home-field.
n. boundary between meadow-lands.
m. marks, borders of the eng, Grág. ii. 219.
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botan. = comarum palustre, marsh cinque-foil, Hjalt.
m. = engiskipti.
n. division of the eng, Grág. ii. 259.
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m. the time of mowing the eng, in August, opp. to túna-sláttr, mowing of the home-field, in July.
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n. making hay in the eng.
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f. making hay in the eng.
m. = engivöxtr.
m. meadow-produce, Jb. 146.
n. one of the nine hosts of angels.
n, a host of angels, Stj., Hom. 133, Fms. v. 340, Mar. 656 A. 8.
n. coll. angels.
n. a host of angels, Greg. 37, Hom. 49, 154.
n. life of angels.
n. life of angels, Hom. 16.
n. ‘angel-meal’, manna.
n. ‘angel-meal,’ i. e. manna, Stj. 145.
f. host angels.
f. a host of angels, Hom. 154.
f. vision of angels.
f. a vision of angels, 625. 84.
m. Englishman.
(Engils-maðr), m. an Englishman, Fms. v, Fas. iii. 354.
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adj. [Lat. angustus; Goth. aggvus; A. S. enge; Germ. eng], narrow, close; í engri gæzlu, in close watch, Str.; vide öngr.
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adv. narrowly; vera e. staddr, to be in a strait, Str.
I)
(en, et), the oldest form of the def. art., = inn, hinn.
II)
adv.
1) yet, still (hann er enn ungr ok bernskr);
2) with compar., enn betri, verri, still better, worse.
1. art. the, = hinn.
2. v. en.
adv. = enn-na, yet; eigi enna, not yet (eigi veit ek enna).
adv. [en with a demonstrative -na], in the phrase, eigi enna, not yet or not forsooth! Glúm. 378, Fms. vi. 360, viii. 119.
n.
1) forehead (þó spratt honum sveiti um enni);
2) a steep crag (in place-names).
n. [a word peculiar to the Scandin.; Swed. änne, but usually in mod. Swed. and Dan. panna or pande; root uncertain]:—the forehead; þó spratt honum sveiti í enni, Nj. 68, Pr. 471; um þvert ennit, Fms. i. 178: also brow, metaph. a steep crag, precipice, Landn., Eb.
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adj. having a straight forehead, Sd. 146.
a. having a broad forehead.
adj. having a broad forehead. Eg. 304, Fms. v. 238.
m. head-band fillet.
m. a fillet worn round the head by heathen priests at sacrificial ceremonies, Lat. vitiae, Kormak (απ. λεγ.)
n. skin of the forehead of animals.
n. the skin of the forehead of animals, Fas. i. 80.
a. having a low forehead.
adj. having a low forehead, Fms. vii. 343.
m. pl. ornamental work on ships of war both fore and aft.
m. pl. [cp. Swed. ännespan = bead-wreath, ornament], carved work, such as dragon-heads on old ships of war, both fore and aft, Fms. v. 304, vi. 120, viii. 197, Orkn. 332, Fas. iii. 113.
n. an icy slope.
n. boulders of ice, Sturl. i. 61.
f. the Engish language.
u, f. the English tongue, Skálda 161.
a. Enghsh; enskir menn, Englishmen.
adj. English, Grág. i. 504, Eg. 517; Enskir menn, m. Englishmen, Fms., Orkn., Hkr.
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u, f. [apr], chilliness, Björn.
n. eating of apples (fruit).
n. eating of an apple, Stj. 40.
n. orchard.
m. [Dan. abildgaard], an ‘apple- yard,’ orchard, Gþl. 144, Vígl. 17.
n. a kind of apples or fruit.
n. ‘apple-kind,’ Stj. 175.
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f. an apple-stalk, a cognom., Fms. viii.
n.
1) apple;
2) tree-fruit (in general).
n. [A. S. æppel; Engl. apple; Swed. äple; Dan. æble; O. H. G. aphol; mod. Germ. apfel]:—an apple, Fms. xi. 9, Rb. 346; it occurs even in old poems, Skm. 19, 20; cp. Edda 17, the apples of Idunna, of which the gods ate and became young again, cp. also Völs. S. ch. 2; Heljar e., the apple of death, Ísl. ii. 351 (in a verse).
COMPDS: eplaát, eplagarðr, eplakyn, eplastöng.
pr. p. bearing apples.
part. apple-bearing, Stj. 14.
a. dapple grey (of a horse).
adj. = apal-grár, q. v., Karl. 306, 334.
prep with dat. and acc.;
I. with dat.
1) with verbs of motion, after (ríða, róa, fara, ganga, senda e-m);
2) denoting the aim and object of many verbs;
leita, spyrja, frétta, ~ e-u, to search, ask, inquire after;
líta ~ e-u, to look afler, attend to;
bíða ~ e-u, to wait for;
vaka ~ e-m, to sit up waiting for one;
segja ~ e-m, to report behind one’s back;
3) following the course of a track, road, etc., along;
niðr ~ hálsinum, down the hill;
~ endilongu, from one end to the other;
~ miðju, along the middle;
4) after, according to, in accordance with (~ sið þeirra ok lögum);
hann leiddist ~ fortölum hennar, he was led by her persuasion;
gekk allt ~ því sem H. hafði sagt, according as H. had said;
5) denoting proportion, comparison;
fátt manna ~ því sem hann var vanr, few men in comparison to what he was want to have;
6) with verbs denoting imitation, indulgence, longing after;
láta ~ e-m, to indulge one;
breyta ~ e-m, to imitate;
7) behind (hann leiddi ~ sér hestinn);
fundust ~ þeim írskar bœkr, which they had left behind;
II. with acc.
1) of time, after, in succession to (vár kom ~ vetr); …
better spelt eftir, in common pronunciation ettir, a prep. with dat. and acc. and also used as adv. or ellipt. without a case: an older form ept or eft only occurs in poetry, Skm. 39, 41, Ýt. 2, Edda 91 (in a verse); ept víg, Hkr. i. 349 (in a verse), iii. 50 (Arnór); [cp. Goth. afar; Runic stone in Tune, after; A. S. æft; Engl. after, aft; Swed.-Dan. efter]:—after.
A. WITH DAT., LOC.; with verbs denoting following, pursuing, or the like; hann reið e. þeim, Eg. 149; hann bar merkit eptir honum, he bore the standard after him, 297; róa e. þeim, to pull after them, Ld. 118; þegar e. Kara, on the heels of Kari, Nj. 202; varð ekki e. honum gengit, none went after him, 270.
β. with the notion to fetch; senda e. e-m, to send after one, Eb. 22, Nj. 78, Fms. i. 2; ríða í Hornafjörð e. fé yðru, ride to H. after your things, Nj. 63.
γ. ellipt., viljum vér eigi e. fara, we will not follow after them. Eb. 242; ek mun hlaupa þegar e., Nj. 202.
2. metaph.,
α. with verbs denoting to look, stara, líta, sjá, gá, horfa, mæna, etc. …
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m. pl. importunity.
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adj. pressing-one’s claims, importunate.
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f. insisting upon a claim.
a. indulgent; sér ~, self-indulgent.
adj. id., Stj. 11.
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n. a pet child, spoilt child.
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n. a life of indulgence, Ver. 28, 625. 28.
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u, f. an act of indulgence, Stj. 78.
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m. = eptirmál, Háv. 55.
m. prosecutor in a blood-feud (eptirmál).
m. a prosecutor, Bárð. 171.
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m. a prying, inquisitive person.
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adj. a prying man, Eb. 54, v. 1.
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adv. afterwards, Safn i. 35.
m. a boat in tow;
fig., vera ~ e-s, to be inferior to one.
m. an ‘after-boat,’ ship’s boat, Eg. 374, Fms. vii. 195, 214, Orkn. 420: metaph. a laggard, Fær. 49, Ísl. i. 236.
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f. waiting for.
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f. imitation, following, (eccl.)
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m. pl. second cousins (Norse), N. G. L. i. 189.
m. afterbirth.
m. second birth, Stj. Gen. xxxviii. 29.
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n. a trail, track; hafa í eptirdragi.
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n. example, Stj. 132, Fms. i. 141, Fær. 137, Bs. i. 263.
pr. p. following, subsequent.
part. following, Stj. 10, Bs. i. 263.
f. pursuit.
f. pursuit, Eb. 296, Orkn. 442.
f. inquiry.
f. asking after, inquiry, Sks. 52, Bs. i. 632.
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f. following after one.
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adj. = Lat. investigabilis, Hom. 16.
f. = eptirferð;
veita e-m ~, to pursue one.
f. pursuit, Eg. 593.
f.
1) prosecution of a suit to get redress;
2) support, aid;
3) imitation (í eptirgöngu hans dœma).
u, f. a going after, following, attendance, Eb. 112, Sturl. i. 14, iii. 10: prosecution of a thing, Fms. vii. 358. eptirgöngu-maðr, m. a follower, Eb. 112.
m. = eptirganga 2.
m. = eptirganga.
COMPDS: eptirgangsmunir, eptirgangssamr, eptirgangssemi.
n. = eptirganga 2.
n. id., Bs. i. 852.
m. imitator.
a, m. an imitator, follower, Bs. i. 90.
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f. investigation.
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f. ‘after-making,’ i. e. funeral-honours, esp. gifts for the soul of the dead, Fms. x. 103, 234, Gþl. 61.
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f. pl. mimicking one’s voice and gesture.
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u, f. the ‘after-milk,’ Grönd. 182.
pr. p. following, future.
part. following, future, Edda 150 (pref.): a successor, Fms. ix. 328, v. l., Dipl. i. 2: in pl. offspring, Landn. 254, Stj. 386.
f. prosecution (taka málit til eptirkæru).
u, f. prosecution, Rd. 275.
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n. pl. after-whims.
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adj. pleasing, Bs. i. 636.
a. indulgent; sér ~, self-indulgent.
adj. buxom, complaisant, obedient, Nj. 68, Fms. xi. 71, Fas. iii. 196, Stj. 71, Fs. 80.
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adv. for the future.
f. pl. remains.
f. pl. remains, Stj. 543.
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m. after-play; in the proverb, óvandari er eptirleikrinn.
f.
1) search;
2) application to a person.
f. search, pursuit, Nj. 133, Eb. 218, Fms. xi. 240.
f. = eptirleit.
f. searching for, pursuing, Fms. i. 68, vii. 106, x. 268: metaph. request, Sturl. ii. 80, Sks. 234.
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n. looking after a thing. eptirlits-samr, adj. (eptirlits-semi, f.), careful, attentive.
n. indulgence, self-indulgence.
n. indulgence, Stj. 155, Rb. 384, Sks. 619.
a. self-indulgent.
adj. indulgent, Mar.
f. imitation.
(-glíking), f.
1. imitation, 623. 26, Hom. 44, Fms. vi. 28, Stj. 51, Bs. ii. 157.
2. a parable, N. T.
(pl. -endr), m. imitator.
part. imitator, Hom. 48, 51.
n.
1) complaisance, compliance;
2) indulgence, gratification of one’s desires;
3) enjoyment.
n.
1. enjoyment, Stj. 31, 51, 144, 509, Nj. 13.
2. fond indulgence (esp. foi a child), Ld. 88, Gísl. 85, Gþl. 64.
COMPDS: eptirlætisbarn, eptirlætislíf, eptirlætisþjónusta.
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f. a longing after, desire for.
n. an action on behalf of a person slain against the slaver;
eiga ~ eptir e-n, um e-n, to have, the right and duty to take aclion against the slayer.
n. an ‘after-suit,’ i. e. prosecution undertaken after a person is slain, properly by the next heir (aðili, q. v.), Nj. 120, 128, 166, Fms. i. 224.
COMPDS: eptirmálsmaðr, eptirmálastaðr.
m. epilogue, opp. to formáli.
a, m. an epilogue, (mod.)
a. compliant (e-m or við e-n, with).
adj. indulgent, consenting, Nj. 13.
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f. = eptirhreyta.
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f. a copy, drawing, (mod.)
(pl. -endr), m. = eptirmálsmaðr.
part. the prosecutor in an eptirmál, Js. 40, Nj. 175.
n.
1) = eptirmál;
2) compliance, indulgence;
veita e-m ~, to take one’s part;
3) good report.
n. fond indulgence. Fms. x. 375, Nj. 26.
2. = eptirmál. Nj. 176.
3. good report, Mar., Róm. 289.
f. running after, pursuit.
f. a running after, pursuit, Grág. i. 440, Js. 39.
f. pursuit on horseback.
f. pursuit on horseback, Nj. 254, Landn. 152.
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m. a driving one to go on.
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n. an after-writ, copy (mod.), opp. to frumrit.
m. rowing in pursuit of one.
m. the rowing in pursuit of one, Hkr. iii. 94.
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f. the prying into a thing, Eb. 54.
COMPDS: eptirrýningamaðr, eptirrýningasamr.
f. remaining behind.
u, f. sitting back, i. e. remaining behind, N. G. L. i. 156.
f.
1) looking after, attention, care;
2) regret, grief;
e-m er ~ at e-u, one misses a thing, grieves at the loss of.
(-sjón), f. the looking with desire after a lost thing, hence loss, grief, Fms. i. 258, vii. 104, Ld. 194: attending to, 298, Sturl. i. 27.
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f. a looking after, 655 xxxii. 13.
f. a seeking after, pursuing.
f. a seeking after, pursuing, Blas. 38, Fms. i. 222.
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f. speering after, inquiring for.
f. what remains, arrears.
u, f. (-stöðvar, f. pl.), remains, arrears, B. K. 118.
a. remaining behind; verða ~, to remain behind.
adj. remaining behind, Fms. xi. 1.
f. looking after one.
f. looking after one, Ó. T. eptirsýnar-maðr, m. = eptirmálsmaðr, N. G. L. i. 170.
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adj. (-liga, adv.), perceptible.
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u, f. produce, revenue.
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f. attention: eptirtektar-samr, adj. mindful.
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f. pl. an ‘after-counting,’ grudging.
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f. expectation, N. T.
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f., in the phrase, koma ekki í e., to be not amiss.
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part. one who intends to prosecute, N. G. L. i. 165.
a. compar.
1) aftermost, hindmost, opp. to fremri ~ fótr the hind leg; hit eptra austrrúm, the hindmost pumping place;
2) later, latter, opp. to fyrri.
compar., and EPTSTR or epztr, superl. (also sometimes aptari, aptastr), the aftermost, hinder, hindmost:
1. loc., eptra fæti, the hind leg, Edda 28; báða fætr hina eptri, Vígl. 21 (aptr-fætr, hind leg’s); til hins eptra austr-rúms, the hindmost, opp. to fremri, Fms. viii. 139; framstafninn ok hinn eptri (viz. stafn), ii. 304; eptra (aptara) hjalt (of a sword), Fas. iii. 244; at aptara stafni, 429; eigi vil ek vera aptastr allra minna manna, I will not be the hindmost of all my men, Fms. ii. 307; er raddar-staf hefir eptra í nafninu, Skálda 165.
2. temp. later, last; en eftri burðar-tíð en hin fyrri, Hom. 56; hina eftri hingatkomu Krists, 106; þá eru þeir skrökváttar er eftri báru, that last bore witness, N. G. L. i. 32; vide efri and aptr.
I) (older form es), rel. part. in old poems and in law phrases ‘es’ is suffixed to a demonstrative or interrogative word, pron. or adv., as s: sás, sús, þats, þeims, þærs; þars, þás, þegars, síðans, hveims, hvars, &c., = sá es, sú es, þar es, þá es, &c.
I. used as a rel. pron., indecl., who, which, that;
1) Mörðr hét maðr, er (nom.) kallaðr var gígja;
grös fögr, er (acc.) hón hafði í hendi;
aðra hluti þá, er (gen.) menn vildu visir verða;
þann einn son, er (dat.) hann ann lítit;
2) with a prep. placed at the end of the sentence;
land, er hann kom frá, the land he came from;
jötunn, er ór steini var höfuðit á (viz. honum), whose head was of stone;
3) ellipt., the prep. being understood;
ór þeim ættum, er mér þóttu fuglarnir fljúga (viz. ór), from the quarter that I thought the birds flew from;
þeir hafa nú látit líf sitt, er mér þykkir eigi vert at lifa (viz. eptir), whom I think it is not worth while to outlive;
4) a personal or demonstr. pron. may be added to the rel. part., er þú, er þik; er hann, er hón, er hana, er hans, er hennar, er þeim, er þeiri, er þeira, etc.;
œrr ertu, Loki, er þú (who) yðra telr ljóta leiðstafi;
sá maðr, er hann vill, that man who wishes; …
1. old form es, mod. sometimes eð, but usually ‘er;’ indecl. Particle used as relat. pron. or as relat. adv.; in very old MSS. always es, and rhymed so by old poets; in the 12th century it changed into er. In poems and in law phrases the particle ‘es’ is suffixed to the pronoun or adverb, as s or z, e. g. thus: as pron., sá’s = sá es (so in ‘people’s Engl.’ he as, him as, for he who, etc.), Hkr. iii. 11 (Sighvat); dat. þeim’s = þeim es, illi qui, Hm. 3, Fms. vi. 38 (Sighvat); acc. masc. þann’z or þann’s = þann es, illum qui, Vsp. 45 (MS.), Od. i, Hm. 44, 120, Hým. 39, Am. 90; neut. þatz = þat es, illud quod, Hm. 39, Am. 37, Hkv. Hjörv. 3, Fms. iii. 9 (Hallfred): as conj. or adv., hvárt’z … eða = hvárt es … eða, utrum … an, Grág. (Ed. 1853); hvárt’z hann vill at reiða eða …, i. 25, 145, 152, 155, 156, 161, 233, ii. 50: as adv., þegar’s = þegar es, as soon as, Grág. (Ed. 1853) i. 94, Am. 30; síðan’s = síðan es, since (Old Engl. sithens, sithence), 78; even sem’s = sem es, Am. 103; hvar’s = hvar es, wherever, 47, Mork. 138, Hm. 138; hve’s = hve es, however, 140 (MS. …
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n. a heavy beam (Grettir þreif ~ tvau, er lágu í skipinu).
n. [akin to arðr], a heavy balk of timber, Grett. 125; hence the phrase, þungt sem erði, heary as a balk.
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d, to perform an errand. Vígl. 29.
I)
(also erindi, etc.), n.
1) errand, message, mission, business;
eiga ~ við e-n, hafa ~ til e-s, to have business with one;
reka ~, to do an errand;
þess ~s, to that purpose;
2) the result of one’s errand or mission (þótti mönnum hans ~ lítit orðit);
ef ~t eyðist, if the errand turns to nought;
hefik erfiði ok ~, I have had toil but also gained my quest;
3) ganga erenda (eyrna, ørna) sinna, to go to ease oneself;
4) speech;
tala langt ~ ok snjallt, to make a long and eloquent speech.
II)
(from ‘ør’ and önd), n. see ørendi.
etc., v. eyrendi.
(-ða, -ðr), v.
1) to honour with a funeral feast (síðan lét Egill ~ sonu sina eptir fornum sið);
2) to inherit (erfir hón allt þat eptir börn sín).
ð, with acc. to honour with a funeral feast, cp. the Irish phrase to ‘wake’ him, Eg. 606; síðan lét Egill e. sonu sína eptir fornri síðvenju, 644, Fms. i. 161, xi. 67. 2. to inherit, N. T. and mod. writers.
β. metaph. in the phrase, e. e-t við e-n, to bear long malice, to grumble.
f. inheritance;
taka ~, to take possession of an inheritance;
taka, eignast e-t at ~, to get or come into possession of by inheritance.
f. [(Germ. erbe], inheritance; for the etymology vide arfr; the law distinguishes between frænd-erfð, family inheritance, and út-erfð, alien inheritance, N. G. L. ii. 146; within the frænd-erfð the law records thirteen degrees of kin, Gþl. 232–242, N. G. L. i. 49, Jb. 128 sqq., Grág. i. 170. sqq.: special kinds of ‘út-erfð’ are, brand-erfð (q. v.). gest-erfd, skip-erfð, gjaf-erfð, land-erfð, félaga-erfð, litla-erfð, leysings-erfð, N. G. L. i. 50: again, in mod. usage erfð implies the notion of a family, and út-erfð, út-arfar are used of distant kinsfolk, inheritance in a different line, or the like; vide Grág., Nj., and the Sagas freq.
β. inheriting, succession, Gþl. 48–55.
COMPDS: erfðabálkr, erfðaeinkunn, erfðafé, erfðagoðorð, erfðáland, erfðamaðr, erfðamark, erfðamál, erfðapartr, erfðaskipan, erfðastaðr, erfðatal, erfðaúmagi, erfðaöldr.
m. the section of law treating of inheritance.
m. the section of law treating of inheritance. Ann. 1273.
f. hereditary mark (on cattle).
f. an hereditary mark (on cattle), Grág. ii. 304.
n. heritage, inheritance.
n. an heirloom, inheritance, Grág. i. 206.
n. hereditary priesthood.
n. hereditary priesthood, Sturl. i. 198.
m. heir.
m. an heir, Js. 38.
n. = erfðaeinkunn.
n. = erfða-einkunn, Grág. i. 422, 423.
n. lawsuit concerning an inheritance.
n. a lawsuit as to inheritance, Nj. 6, 92.
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m. share of inheritance, Stj. 110.
f. law or ordinance relating to inheritance.
f. a law, ordinance of inheritance, N. G. L. i. 49.
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m. hereditary estates, used in a special sense of church demesnes held by lay impropriators, vide Arna S., Bs. i. 794.
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n. the section of law respecting inheritance, Gþl. 55.
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a, m. an ‘úmagi’ having an inherited right to support, Grág. i. 134, 237.
m. funeral feast.
n. [Dan. arveöl], a funeral feast, N. G. L. i. 432.
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n. patrimony, land of inheritance, Stj. 50, 66, Orkn. 126, Fms. iv. 224, vi. 20.
n. funeral feast (gøra e. e-s, e. eptir e-n; drekka e. e-s, eptir e-n).
n. a wake, funeral feast, Nj. 167, Fms. i. 161, xi. 68, Ld. 16, Gþl. 275, Rb. 344, N. G. L. i. 391, Am. 83, Gh. 8. For the sumptuous funeral feasts of antiquity, vide esp. Landn. 3. 10, where the guests were more than fourteen hundred, Ld. ch. 26, 27; var nú drukkit allt saman, brullaup Ólafs ok erfi Unnar, ch. 7, Flóam. S. ch. 2, Jómsv. S. ch. 21, 37.
COMPDS: erfisdrykkja, erfisgörð.
(að), v.
1) to toil, labour;
2) ~ e-m, to cause one trouble; ~ sér í e-u, to trouble oneself with;
3) to till (~ jörðina);
4) impers, ~ði sóttarfar hans, his illness grew more severe.
or erviða, að, [Goth. arbaidjan = κοπιαν; early Germ. erbeiten; mod. Germ. arbeiten; mod. Dan. arbeide is borrowed from Germ.]:—to toil, labour, Edda 149 (pref.), 677. 11; allir þér sem erviðið og þunga eruð hlaðnir, Matth. xi. 28: metaph., e. e-m, to cause one toil and trouble, Bs. i. 726: trans., e. jörðina, to till the earth, Stj. 30: impers., sóttar-far hans erfiðaði, his illness grew worse, Fms. x. 147. In the Icel. N. T. it is sometimes used in the same passages which have arbaidjan in Ulf., e. g. heldr hefi eg miklu meir erfiðað en allir þeir aðrir, 1 Cor. xv. 10; öllum þeim sem styrkja til og erfiða, xvi. 16; að eg hafi til einskis erfiðað hjá yðr, Gal. iv. 11; heldr erfiði og afli með höndum, Ephes. iv. 28; hvar fyrir eg erfiða og stríði, Col. i. 29; þá sem erfiða meðal yðar, 1 Thess. v. 12; því at til þess hins sama erfiðum vér einnig, 1 Tim. iv. 10; in 2 Tim. ii. 6 the Icel. text has ‘sá sem akrinn erjar.’
n. trouble, toil, labor; höfum ~ ok ekki erendi, we have the toil, but no result.
or erviði (ærfaði, N. G. L. i. 391; ærfuð, id. I. 10), n. [Ulf. arbaiþs = κόπος; A. S. earfoð; O. H. G. arapeit; mod. Germ. arbeit, which shews that mod. Dan. arbeide and Swed. arbete are borrowed from the Germ.; lost in Engl. The etymology of this word is uncertain; the Icel. notion is to derive it from er- priv. and viða = vinna, to work, but it is scarcely right; Grimm, s. v. arbeit, suggests it to be akin to Lat. labor; Max Müller refers it to the root AR, to plough, Science of Language, p. 258, 3rd Ed.; but arfiði (Björn, p. 41) instead of erviði is a fictitious form, and the statement that in old Norse or Icel. it means ploughing rests only on a fancy of old Björn (Dict. l. c.), to which he was probably led by the similarity between Lat. arvum to Germ. and mod. Dan. arbeit, arbeide: in fact the Icel., ancient or modern, conveys no such notion; even in the old heathen poems the word is used exactly in the present sense, which again is the same as in Ulf.]:—toil, labour, and metaph. toil, trouble; in the allit. phrase, e. en eigi eyrendi, toil but no errand, i. …
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a, m. a painful, hard death, 655 xxxii. 17.
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n. pl. a recompense for labour or suffering, Niðrst. 5, Fms. vi. 149, Barl. 95.
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m. a reliever of labour, Stj. 19.
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m. pl. toils, exertion, Bárð. 180, Fas. i. 402, Fb. i. 280.
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f. servitude, grinding labour, Stj. 247, 265.
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adj. toilsome, Stj. 32.
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f. toil.
a. difficult, hard, troublesome; oss verðr erfitt at þjóna Norðmönnum, it will be hard for us; Guðrún var erfið á gripakaupum, G. was troublesome (extravagant) in buying finery; hvíldist Helgi, því at honum var orðit erfitt, for he was exhausted; þó at honum væri málit erfitt, though he spoke with difficulty.
adj. toilsome, hard, difficult; ok var af því honum erfitt búit, a heavy, troublesome household, Bs. i. 63; erfiða ferð hafa þeir fengit oss, they have made a hard journey for us, Fms. v. 22; Guðrún var erfið á gripa-kaupum, G. was troublesome (extravagant) in buying finery, Ld. 134; e-m verðr e-t erfitt, one has a difficulty about the thing, Fms. vi. 54.
β. hard, unyielding; var Flosi erfiðr, en aðrir þó erfiðri miklu, F. was hard, but others much harder, Nj. 186, 187; jarl var lengi erfiðr, the earl long remained inexorable, 271: ek var yðr þá erfiðr, 229.
γ. hard breathing; ok er hann vaknaði var honum erfitt orðit, when he awoke he drew a deep breath, after a bad dream, Ísl. ii. 194; hvíldisk Helgi, því at honum var orðit erfitt, H. rested, because he was exhausted (from walking), Dropl. 22; þó honum væri málið erfitt, though he spoke with difficulty (of a sick person), Bs. i. 110.
δ. var þess erfiðar (the more difficult) sem…, Fas. i. 81: so in the phrase, e-m veitir erfitt, one has hard work, Bs. i. 555, Nj. 117; erfitt mun þeim veita at ganga í móti giptu þinni, 171. …
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adj. difficult, Sturl. iii. 271.
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m. hardship, difficulty.
adv. with pain and toil; e-t horfir ~, it looks hard; búa ~ við e-n, to treat one harshly; varð mér þar ~st um, there I met with the greatest difficulties.
adv. with pain and toil; er hann sótti e. til hans, he strove hard to get up to him, Edda 60; e-t horfir e., looks hard, Nj. 139; búa e. við e-n, to treat one harshly, Fas. ii. 96; at skipi þessu farisk e., that his ship will fare ill, make a bad voyage, vi. 376; varð mér þar erviðligast um, there I met with the greatest difficulties, Nj. 163.
a. toilsome, difficult, adverse (margir hlutir erfiðligir).
adj. toilsome, difficult, adverse; margir hlutir e. ok þungligir, adverse and heavy, Fms. viii. 31, Sks. 235.
n. toilsome life.
n. a life of toil, 655 viii. 2.
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adj. (-liga, adv.), toilsome, hard, 677. 10.
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adj. hard to work, Grett. 114 A.
(pl. -jar), m. heir, child (þau áttu engan erfingja).
ja, m., (arfingi, Fms. ix. 328, Gþl. 287), pl. erfingjar, [arbingjas (pl.), Runic stone in Tune; Ulf. renders κληρονόμος by arbja or arbinumja; Dan. arving; Swed. arfvinge]:—an heir, Grág. i. 217, Eg. 25, Nj. 3, 656 C. 36, Fms. l. c., etc. etc. erfingja-lauss, adj. without heirs, Fms. v. 298, x. 307.
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u, f. a funeral feast, Pass. 49. 16.
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f. = erfi, Fms. xi. 69.
f. funeral poem.
u, f. a funeral poem, Fbr. 16, Fms. vi. 198, v. 64.
m. a short funeral poem.
m. a short funeral poem, Fms. vi. 117.
n. = erfidrápa.
n. a funeral poem, = erfidrápa. Eg. 605.
f. funeral feast.
u, f. a funeral banquet, Bs. i. 837.
m. poet. heir.
m. [A. S. erfeveord], an heir, poët., Gh. 14, Akv. 12, cp. the emendation of Bugge to Skv. 3. 60.
n. funeral feast, = erfiveizla.
n. [Dan. arveöl], a wake, funeral feast, N. G. L. i. 14.
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n., Gael. word, answering to the Scot. shiel or shieling; upp um dalinn þar sem var erg nokkut, þat köllu vér setr = der som vaar noget erg, det kalde vi. sætter (in the Danish transl.), Orkn. 448 (Addit.), cp. local names in Caithness, e. g. Ásgríms-erg, Orkn. 458.
f.
1) lewdness, lust;
2) wickedness, devilry (með allri ~ ok skelmisskap);
3) unmanliness, unwarrior-like behavior with a strong connotation of effeminacy and passive homosexuality.
f. [argr], lewdness, lust; ergi, æði ok óþola, Skm. 36, Fas. iii. 390; e. keisara dóttur, Bær. 15, El. 10; ílsku ok e. ok hórdóm, Barl. 138: wickedness, með e. ok skelmisskap, Gísl, 31, Yngl. S. ch. 7: in mod. usage ergja, f., means greediness for money or the like; the rare sense of moodiness is quite mod., and borrowed from Germ. through Dan.
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u, f. a squabble; opt eru ergjur meðal granna, Hallgr.
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ð, dep. to become a coward, only in the proverb, svá ergisk hverr sem eldisk, Hrafn. 25, Fms. iii. 192, iv. 346.
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m. [erja], a fuss, bustle.
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n. adj. going in vain; fara at erindislausu, to go in vain. Fs. 5.
(er, arða, arinn), v.
1) to plough (~ jörð sína);
2) to scratch, scrape (hann lætr erja skóinn um legginn).
arði, pres. er, sup. arit: mod. pres. erjar, erjaði, 2 Tim. ii. 6; [A. S. erjan; Old Engl. to ear; cp. Lat. arare, Gr. ἀρουν]:—to plough; prælarnir skyldi erja, Landn. 35, v. l., cp. Fms. i. 240; eitt nes þat fyrírbauð hann at e., löngum tíma eptir örðu menn hlut af nesinu, Bs. i. 293; þér hafit arit með minni kvígu, Stj. 412: in the saying, seint sá man erja, he will be slow to put his hand to the plough, will be good for nothing, Glúm. 341.
β. metaph. to scratch; hann lætr e. skóinn um legginn útan, O. H. L. 45; kom blóðrefillinn í enni Ketils ok arði niðr um nefit, Fas. ii. 126.
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f. pl. brawl, fuss, quarrels.
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and erkibiskups-ríki, n. archbishopric, Fms. xi. 392, vii. 300, x. 88, 155; e. stóll, an archiepiscopal seat, Rb. 422.
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[Gr. ἀρχι-; Engl. arch-, etc.]
I. eccl. arch-, in COMPDS: erkibiskup, erkibiskupsdæmi, erkibiskupligr, erkidjákn, erkiprestr, erkistóll.
II. = great, portentous; erki-býsn, f. portent, Bs. i. 423.
m. archbishop.
m. an archbishop, Gþl. 263, Fms. i. 106, N. G. L. i. 166.
a. archiepiscopal.
adj. archiepiscopal, Bs. Laur. S., Th. 12.
m. archdeacon.
m. an archdeacon, Fms. ix. 325. xi. 416, 625. 45, Stj. 299.
m. archpriest.
m. an archpriest, Bs. i. 173, Stj. 299.
m. = erkibiskupsstóll.
m. an archiepiscopal seat. Symb. 28, Fms. iv. 155.
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d, to go into exile, Stj. 111, but in 162 spelt ör-.
f. exile.
f. [Germ. elende], an exile, Stj. 223.
adv. abroad, in a foreign land.
adv. abroad, in a foreign land, Grág. i. 167. Gþl. 148, K. Þ. K. 158; e. drep, committing manslaughter in a foreign land, Grág. ii. 142; e. víg, a manslaughter committed abroad, i. 183.
a. foreign.
adj., ör-lendr, Gþl. 148, [Hel. elilendi = a foreigner; Germ. elende], foreign, Grág. i. 217, Sks. 462; the spelling with er- and ör- is less correct than el- or ell-, cp. aulandi, p. 34.
II. m. a pr. name, Orkn.
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m. a pr. name; prop. a dimin. of jarl, an earl.
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ð, [armr], to commiserate, Post. 69.
n. pl. sleeves reaching down to the feet.
n. pl. sleeve-linings, Bret.
f. cloak with sleeves.
u, f. a cape with sleeves, Band. 5.
f. ‘sleeve-bag’, wide sleeve.
f. the armpit, 656 C. 28.
a. with long sleeves.
adj. with long sleeves, Fas. ii. 343.
a. sleeveless.
adj. sleeve-less, Fms. xi. 272, Sks. 406.
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adj. with short sleeves.
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adj. with wide sleeves.
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adj. with tight sleeves.
(gen. -ar, dat. and acc. -i; pl. -ar), f. sleeve.
f., mod. ermi, dat. and acc. ermi, pl. ermar, [armr], an arm, sleeve, Fms. v. 207, vi. 349, xi. 332, Nj. 35, Clem. 54, Landn. 147: so in the saying, lofa upp í ermina á sér, to make promises in one’s sleeve, i. e. to promise without meaning to keep one’s word.
COMPDS: ermadrög, ermakápa, ermakjós, ermalangr, ermalauss, ermastuttr, ermavíðr, ermaþröngr.
a. Armenian.
adj. Armenian, K. Þ. K. 74, Íb. 13, Fas. iii. 326.
a. sleeveless, without sleeves = ermalauss.
adj. arm-less, sleeve-less, Fms. vii. 21, Sturl. iii. 219.
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u, f. a short sleeve, Karl.
a. brisk, vigorous.
adj. brisk, vigorous, Bs. i. 655, Fms. v. 300; hence Erna, u, f. a pr. name, Rm. 36, Bs. i. 32, v. l.
a. vigorous-looking, sturdy.
adj. of brisk, stout appearance, Nj. 183, Eb.
n. a kind of wood.
n. a sort of wood, Al. 165.
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f. a brisk, hard struggle, Fbr. (in a verse).
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adj. = ern, Lex. Poët.; fjöl-e., very brisk and bold, Hallfred.
a. = ernligr.
adj. = ernligr, Fms. iii. 222, Eb. 94 new Ed.
(erta, ertr), v. to taunt, tease (er eigi gatt at ~ illt skap);
refl., ~st við e-n, to lease one.
t, to taunt, tease, with acc., Rd. 302, Hkr. iii. 130, Skálda 171, Fms. vi. 323; er eigi gott at e. íllt skap, a saying, Mirm.: reflex., ertask við e-n, to tease one, Fms. ix. 506.
(pl. -ar), f. teasing, provocation (margskonar ~ar).
f. teasing, provoking, Lv. 26; engi ertinga-maðr, a man who stands no nonsense, Eg. 417.
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adj. taunting; ertni, f. a taunting temper.
f. wagtail (bird).
u, f., proncd. erla or atla, [arta], the wagtail, motacilla alba, now called Máríatla or lín-erla.
(gen. ertra), f. pl. pease.
f. pl. [early Germ. arbeiz; mod. Germ. erbse; Dutch erwt or ert; Dan. ært; Swed. ärter]:—peas; the Scandin. word is probably borrowed from Dutch or Fris. and occurs in the 13th century; in old writers the r is kept throughout, ertr, ertrnar, Stj. 161; ertrum (dat.), 655 xxxiii. 4; ertra (gen.), Gþl. 544; ertra-akr, a pea-field, id.; ertra-reitr, a bed of peas, N. G. L. ii. 172; ertra-vellingr, Stj. 160, 161, Gen. xxv. 29: in mod. usage it is declined erta, u, f., gen. pl. ertna, ertum, etc.
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n. hard work, Stj. 263, 264.
old form for er, rel. part., and 3rd pers. sing. from vera.
older form of er.
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u, f. a kind of clay, freq. in Norway in that sense, vide Ivar Aasen; the name of the mountain Esja in Icel. no doubt derives its name from this clay, which is here found in abundance, Eggert Itin. ch. 21; hence Esju-berg, n. name of a farm, Landn., [eisa, and even Germ. esse, Dan. esse, Swed. ässa are kindred words.]
n. ashen box (~ Friggjar).
n. [askr], an ashen box, Edda 17, 21, Fms. ii. 254, Fas. i. 237, Ísl. ii. 79; mod. spelt askja, and used of any small box.
m. fine snow (like ashes).
m. [aska], ashes or fine snow driven by a gale, Bárð. 20 new Ed.
f. a lady’s maid.
f. a lady’s maid, Gm. (pref.)
f. ash pole.
f. an ashen pole, Róm. 232.
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m. one from the farm Eskiholt, Sturl. ii. 145.
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að, to exasperate, irritate, probably = to make one shake like an aspen, Vídal.
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n. aspen wood (vide ösp), hence Espi-hóll, m. a farm, Landn.: Esphælingar, m. the men from E., id.
m. a ship’s boat.
m. [Swed. esping], a ship’s boat, Fr.
n. riding horse, steed.
n. [for. word; old Swed. örs], a steed, Fms. x. 139, Fas. iii. 471, 582, much used in romances.
I)
(et; át, átum; etinn), v.
1) to eat (~ kjöt, mat sinn, dagverð);
fig., ~ orð sín, to eat one’s own words;
2) to consume;
sorg etr hjarta, sorrow eats away the heart;
refl., Gyðingar átust innan, er þeir heyrðu þetta, the Jews fretted inwardly on hearing this.
II)
f.
1) crib, manger;
standa öllum fótum í etu, to live at rack and manger;
2) pl., etur, cancer (etur í andliti).
u, f., mod. jata, a crib, manger, Hom. 36, 127, Mar. 26; in the proverb, standa öllum fótum í etu, to stand with all feet in the crib, to live at rack and manger. Gísl. 46. etu-stallr, m. a crib, manger, Orkn. 218.
II. medic. cancer, Magn. 480: mod. áta or átu-mein.
I)
(et; át, átum; etinn), v.
1) to eat (~ kjöt, mat sinn, dagverð);
fig., ~ orð sín, to eat one’s own words;
2) to consume;
sorg etr hjarta, sorrow eats away the heart;
refl., Gyðingar átust innan, er þeir heyrðu þetta, the Jews fretted inwardly on hearing this.
II)
f.
1) crib, manger;
standa öllum fótum í etu, to live at rack and manger;
2) pl., etur, cancer (etur í andliti).
proncd. éta; pret. át, pl. átu; pres. et, proncd. iet, Greg. 82; part. etið; pret. subj. æti; imperat. et; [Lat. ĕdere; Gr. ἔδειν; Ulf. ïtan; A. S. and Hel. etan; Engl. eat; O. H. G. ezan; mod. Germ. essen; Swed. äta; Dan. æde]:—to eat, Grág. ii. 347; sem þú mátt vel e., Nj. 75; e. dagverð, Ld. 10; þar’s ek hafða eitt etið, Hm. 66; e. kjöt, Greg. l. c.; at engi er hér sá inni er skjótara skal eta mat sinn en ek, Edda 31 (hence fljót-ætinn, sein-ætinn, rash or slow eating); át hvárrtveggi sem tíðast, id.; Logi hafði ok etið slátr allt, id.; et mat þinn, tröll. Fas. iii. 179.
2. metaph. to eat, consume; eigu at eta alla aura ómagans sem hann sjálfr, Grág. i. 288; eyddir ok etnir, Fms. xi. 423; sorg etr hjarta, sorrow eats the heart, Hm. 122; etandi öfund, consuming envy, Str.; Gyðingar átusk innan er þeir heyrðu þetta, the Jews fretted inwardly on hearing this, 656 C. 17.
β. medic., 655 xxx. 8.
γ. the phrase, eta orð sín, to eat one’s own words, Karl. 478; or, eta ofan í sig aptr, id., of liars or slanderers.
δ. the dubious proverb, úlfar eta annars eyrendi, wolves eat one another’s fare or prey, Ld. …
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a. consuming (~ ryðr).
adj. eating, consuming, Lat. edax, 655 xxix. 6.
(et, atta, attr), v.
1) to incite, egg (goad) on to fight, with dat.; ~ hestum, to make horses fight; with acc., ~ e-n til þolinmœði, to exhort one to patience;
2) ~ hamingju, afli, við e-n, to match one’s luck, strength, with anolher’s; ~ kappi við e-n, to contend in rivalry, vie with one; ~ ráðum, hvárt …, to consider, if …; ~ saman manndrápum, to incite two parties to manslaughter;
3) ~ við e-t, to contend against; ~ við aflsmun (liðsmun), to fight against odds;
4) to put forth; hann etr fram skallanum, he exposes his bare skull (to the blows);
5) to cause to be eaten; ~ heyvi, heyjum, to feed cattle upon hay;
6) refl., etjast við e-n, to contend with one; ef menn etjast vitnum á, if men contend (plead) with witnesses.
u, f. fighting, biting.
COMPDS: etjuhundr, etjukostr, etjutík.
(et, atta, attr), v.
1) to incite, egg (goad) on to fight, with dat.; ~ hestum, to make horses fight; with acc., ~ e-n til þolinmœði, to exhort one to patience;
2) ~ hamingju, afli, við e-n, to match one’s luck, strength, with anolher’s; ~ kappi við e-n, to contend in rivalry, vie with one; ~ ráðum, hvárt …, to consider, if …; ~ saman manndrápum, to incite two parties to manslaughter;
3) ~ við e-t, to contend against; ~ við aflsmun (liðsmun), to fight against odds;
4) to put forth; hann etr fram skallanum, he exposes his bare skull (to the blows);
5) to cause to be eaten; ~ heyvi, heyjum, to feed cattle upon hay;
6) refl., etjast við e-n, to contend with one; ef menn etjast vitnum á, if men contend (plead) with witnesses.
atti; pres. et; part. att; but etjað, Andr. 625. 73; [it means probably ‘to make bite,’ a causal of eta]:—to make fight, with dat., esp. etja hestum, of horse fights, a favourite sport of the ancients; for a graphic description of this fight see Bs. i. 633. Arons S. ch. 18, Glúm. ch. 18, Rd. ch. 12, Nj. ch. 58, 59, Vígl. ch. 7, N. G. L. ii. 126; vide hesta-þing, hesta-at, víg-hestr, etc.
2. gener. to goad on to fight; atta ek jöfrum en aldri sætta’k, Hbl. 24.
β. etja hamingju við e-n, to match one’s luck with another, Fms. iv. 147; e. kappi við e-n, to match one’s force against one, Ld. 64, Eg. 82; e. vandræðum við e-n, 458; e. saman manndrápum, to incite two parties to manslaughter, Anecd. 14: in a good sense, to exhort, ok etjað þá þolinmæði, Andr. l. c. (rare).
γ. ellipt., etja við e-t, to contend against; e. við aflamun, to fight against odds, Al. 110; e. við liðsmun, id., Fms. i. 42, ix. 39, Fs. 122; e. við ofrefli, id., Fms. iii. 9; e. við reiði e-s, Fb. i. 240.
3. to stretch forth, put forth; hann etr fram berum skallanum, he put forth his bare skull to meet the blows, Fms. …
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m. deer-hound, fox-hound.
m. a deer-hound, fox-hound, Sturl. ii. 179.
m. hard condition.
m. a beastly choice, Ísl. ii. 89, Fms. viii. 24, v. l.
f. female hound, bitch-hound.
f. = etju-hundr; bóndi átti e. stóra, Fb. ii. 332, Bárð. 32 new Ed.
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n. (for. word), expences, Stj. 127, Bs. i. 742.
I)
adv.
1) always, ever, = ei, æ;
2) not, = ei, eigi;
ey manni þat veit, no man knows.
II)
(gen. eyjar, dat. ey and eyju; pl. eyjar), f. an island.
gen. eyjar; dat. eyju and ey, with the article eyinni and eyjunni; acc. ey; pl. eyjar, gen. eyja, dat. eyjum; in Norway spelt and proncd. öy; [Dan. öe; Swed. ö; Ivar Aasen öy; Germ. aue; cp. Engl. eyot, leas-ow, A. S. êg-land, Engl. is-land; in Engl. local names -ea or -ey, e. g. Chels-ea, Batters-ea, Cherts-ey, Thorn-ey, Osn-ey, Aldern-ey, Orkn-ey, etc.]:—an island, Fas. ii. 299, Skálda 172, Eg. 218, Grág. ii. 131, Eb. 12; eyjar nef, the ‘neb’ or projection of an island, Fb. iii. 316.
2. in various compds; varp-ey, an island where wild birds lay eggs; eyði-ey, a deserted island; heima-ey, a home island; bæjar-ey, an inhabited island; út-eyjar, islands far out at sea; land-eyjar, an island in an inlet, Landn.: a small island close to a larger one is called a calf (eyjar-kálfr), the larger island being regarded as the cow, (so the southernmost part of the Isle of Man is called the Calf of Man): it is curious that ‘islanders’ are usually not called eyja-menn (islandmen), but eyjar-skeggjar, m. pl. …
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(-dda, -ddr), v.
1) to make empty (auðr), clear of, deprive of its contents (~ allan fjörðinn bæði at mönnum ok fé); ~ bygð (bœi ok borgir, heröð), to desolate, lay waste;
2) to desert, depart from (féllu sumir, en sumir eyddu hálfrýmin); ~ veizluna, to break up the feast; ~ þing, to dissolve the meeting;
3) to do away with, destroy, with dat. (eyddi eldr konum ok börnum);
4) to spend, squander (~ fé, peningum);
5) to render void in law, annul, with acc. or dat. (~ vígsmál or vígsmálum);
6) refl., eyðast, to come to nought; eyddist erfisgørðin fyrir honum, he let the funeral feast drop.
u, f. [auðr], a gap, lacuna, in a book, (mod.)
(-dda, -ddr), v.
1) to make empty (auðr), clear of, deprive of its contents (~ allan fjörðinn bæði at mönnum ok fé); ~ bygð (bœi ok borgir, heröð), to desolate, lay waste;
2) to desert, depart from (féllu sumir, en sumir eyddu hálfrýmin); ~ veizluna, to break up the feast; ~ þing, to dissolve the meeting;
3) to do away with, destroy, with dat. (eyddi eldr konum ok börnum);
4) to spend, squander (~ fé, peningum);
5) to render void in law, annul, with acc. or dat. (~ vígsmál or vígsmálum);
6) refl., eyðast, to come to nought; eyddist erfisgørðin fyrir honum, he let the funeral feast drop.
dd, [auðr; A. S. éðan; Dan. öde; Germ. öden; Swed. öda], to waste:
I. with dat. denoting to waste, destroy, of men or things; hann eyddi (slew) öllum fjölkunnigum mönnum, Stj. 491, Fms. ii. 41, vii. 8; ekki muntu með þessu e. öllum sonum Haralds konungs, i. 16.
β. of money; eyða fé, etc., to spend money, Eg. 70, Grág. i. 327, Nj. 29, Fms. i. 118: to squander, 655 iii. 1, Nj. 18, Fms. xi. 423, Fs. 79: reflex., hann átti land gott en eyddusk lausafé, but his loose cash went, Fms. vi. 102.
II. with acc. to lay waste, desolate, or the like; upp eyða (lay waste) alla þeirra bygð, Fms. v. 161; þá vóru eydd skip Svía-konungs átjan, eighteen of the Swedish king’s ships were made void of men, x. 353; hann eyddi bygðina, iv. 44.
2. to desert, leave; en skyldi út bera ok e. skemmuna, Fms. v. 262; féllu sumir en sumir eyddu (deserted from) hálfrýmin (in a battle), viii. 226; skip brotið eða eytt, a ship wrecked or abandoned, Grág. i. 91; en hón er nú eydd af mönnum, forlorn or deserted of men, Al. 1.
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n. waste or ruinous state; leggja í ~, to lay waste; vera (liggja) í ~, to be deserted or ruined.
n. [auðr, Germ. öde], waste, desert; leggja í e., to leave in the lurch, desert, Jb. 277; jörðin var e. og tóm, Gen. i. 2; yðart hús skal yðr í e. látið verða, Matth. xxiii. 38: in COMPDS, desert, forlorn, wild; eyði-borg, f. a deserted town (castle), Stj. 284. eyði-bygð, f. a desert country, Fs. 19. eyði-dalr, m. a wild, desolate vale, Hrafn. 1. eyði-ey, f. a desert island, Fms. x. 154. eyði-fjall, n. a wild fell, Sks. 1. eyði-fjörðr, m. a desert firth county, Fs. 24. eyði-haf, n. the wild sea, Stj. 636. eyði-hús, n. deserted dwellings, Hkr. ii. 379. eyði-jörð, f. a deserted household or farm, Dipl. iii. 13, Jb. 183. eyði-kot, n. a deserted cottage, Vm. 61. eyði-land, n. desert land, Hkr. i. 96. eyði-mörk, f. a desert, wilderness, Fms. i. 118, iv. 336, v. 130, Fær. 62, Stj. 141, 283. eyði-rjóðr, n. a desert plain, Stj. 527, 2 Sam. xv. …
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f. desolation, Matth. xxiv. 15.
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lagði, to lay waste, N. T.
adv. in a desolate state.
adv. in a forlorn state, Stj. 113.
a.
1) perishable;
2) sad, cheerless (mér sýnist siðr þeirra veikligr ok ~).
adj. empty, in metaph. sense, sad, cheerless; veikligr ok e., weakly and cheerless, Fas. ii. 30; e. veraldar riki, v. 343; ýmislegt né e., 677. 2: medic., e-m er eyðiligt, one feels empty (hollow) and uneasy: also in the phrase, e-t er eyðiligt, strange, unpleasant.
f. adder, = eðla.
u, f. [early Swed. oydla; cp. Dan. ögle, ‘der er ögler i mosen’]:—a lizard, also a toad, ÓH.: hence eðl-vina, adj. the friend of lizards and toads, epithet of a witch, Hdl.; cp. the charm in Macbeth.
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u, f. waste, squandering.
COMPDS: eyðslumaðr, eyðslusemi.
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m. a spendthrift, þorst. hv. 35.
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f. extravagance.
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m. one who frightens, a terror, Lex. Poët.
(-ða, -ðr), v.
1) to furnish with a loop or eye (e. snöru);
2) to look (til e-s, at one).
ð, to furnish with a loop or eye, Fins. xi. 304. β. [Dan. öjne], to see, esp. to see far off, Clar. 176.
a. having eves of a certain kind; vel e., with fine eyes; mjök e., large-eyed.
later form eygðr, which, however, is freq. in MSS. of the 14th century, adj. [auga]:—having eyes of a certain kind; vel e., with fine eyes, Stj. 460. I Sam. xvi. 12, Nj. 39: e. manna bezt, Ísl. ii. 190, Fms. vi. 438, xi. 79; mjök eygðr, large-eyed, Þorf. Karl. 422; eigi vel eyg, not good looking, Fms, iii. 216; e. mjök ok vel, with large and fine eyes, Eb. 30, Fb. i.545; e. forkunnar vel, with eyes exceeding fine, Fms. iv. 38; esp. freq. in compds: in the Sagas a man is seldom described without marking the colour, shape, or expression ol his eyes, fagr-e., bjart-e., dökk-e., svart-e., blá-e., grá-e., mó-e.; the shape also, opin-e., út-e., inn-e., smá-e., stór-e., etc.; the lustre of the eye, snar-e., fast-e., hvass-e., frán-e., dapr-e., etc.; expressing disease, vát-e., rauð-e., ein-e.; expressing something wrong in the eye, hjá-e., til-e., rang-e., etc., Fél. ix.192.
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a, m. a cluster of islands.
a. full of islands.
adj. full of islands, Fb. i. 541.
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adj. = eykthelgr, Hom. (St.) 13.
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n. the hour of eykð, = Lat. nona, Hom. (St.) 1. c.
n. vehicle, cart.
n. a vehicle; hestr ok e., Dropl. 26.
(-jar, -ir), m. beast of draught.
m., pl. eykir, gen. eykia, [Swed. ök; Dan. ög; akin to ok, a yoke]:—a beast of draught; úlfalda ok eyki, Stj. 393; hross eðr eyk, Grág. i. 434; þat er einn e. má draga, ii. 362; þeir hvildu sik þar ok eyki sína, Eg. 586 (travelling in a sledge); eykja fóðr, fodder for eykr, N. G. L. i. 38: eykr includes oxen, horses, etc.,—eykjum, hestum ok uxum, cattle, whether horses or oxen, Fms. v. 249; eyk, uxa eðr hross, Jb. 52; uxa ok asna, þá sömu eyki …, Mar.; hefi ek öngva frétt af at nokkurr þeirra hafi leitt eyki Þórs (of Thor in his wain with the he-goats), Fb. i. 321: metaph., Bs. i. 294.
II. the passage Bs. i. 674—þar er þeir höfðu eykinn búit—ought to be read ‘eikjuna,’ vide eikja. eykja-gerfi, n. the harness of an eykr, Ýt. 10; jötuns-e., the giants’ e., i. e. a wild ox, poët., 14: in poetry ships are called the eykir of the sea-kings and the sea.
f.
1) half-past three o’clock, p. m. (var þat nær e. dags);
2) time of three hours (þá er þógn hafði verit nær hálfa e.).
eykð, f. three or half-past three o’clock P. M.; many commentaries have been written upon this word, as by Pal Vídalín Skýr., Finn Johnson in H. E. i. 153 sqq. note 6, and in Horologium, etc. The time of eykð is clearly defined in K. Þ. K. 92 as the time when the sun has past two parts of the ‘útsuðr’ (q. v.) and has one part left, that is to say, half-past three o’clock P. M.: it thus nearly coincides with the eccl. Lat. nona (three o’clock P. M.); and both eykt and nona are therefore used indiscriminately in some passages. Sunset at the time of ‘eykð’ is opposed to sunrise at the time of ‘dagmál,’ q. v. In Norway ‘ykt’ means a luncheon taken about half-past three o’clock. But the passage in Edda—that autumn ends and winter begins at sunset at the time of eykt—confounded the commentators, who believed it to refer to the conventional Icel. winter, which (in the old style) begins with the middle of October, and lasts six months. In the latitude of Reykholt—the residence of Snorri—the sun at this time sets about half-past four. Upon this statement the commentators have based their reasoning both in regard to dagmál and eykt, placing the eykt at half-past four P. …
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m. the place of the sun at half past three, p. m. (sól sezt í eyktarstað).
m. the place of the sun at half-past three P. M.; meira var þar jafndægri en á Grænlandi eðr Íslandi, sól hafði þar eyktar-stað ok dagmála-stað um skamdegi, Fb. i. 539,—this passage refers to the discovery of America; but in A. A. l. c. it is wrongly explained as denoting the shortest day nine hours long, instead of seven; it follows that the latitude fixed by the editors of A. A. is too far to the south; frá jafndægri er haust til þess er sól setzk í eykðarstað, þá er vetr til jafndægris, Edda 103.
a. to be kept holy from eykt (half past three) of the preceding day, = nónheilagr.
adj. a day to be kept holy from the hour of eykt, or half-past three P. M., e. g. Saturday, Grág. i. 395.
m. cart-horse.
m. a cart-horse, Eg. 149, Fb. ii. 332.
m. harness of an eykr.
n. the harness of an eykr, Gþl. 358.
(-da, -t), v.
1) to commiserate, pity; e. sík, to lament;
2) impers., eymir af e-u, one feels sore after something.
ð, [aumr], to commiserate, Post. 69.
(-da, -t), v.
1) to commiserate, pity; e. sík, to lament;
2) impers., eymir af e-u, one feels sore after something.
d, [aumr], to feel sore; in the phrase, e. sik, to wail, Hom. 155: reflex., eymask, id., Post. (Fr.)
β. impers., in the metaph. phrase, það eymir af e-u, one feels sore, of after-pains, Fas. iii. 222: in mod. usage also of other things, whatever can still be smelt or felt, as if it came from eimr, q. v.
f.
1) misery, wretchedness; sjá e. á e-m, to pity one;
2) stinginess, meanness.
(eymð), f. misery, Fms. i. 223, ii. 126, vi. 334, viii. 242: in pl., Stj. 38; af lítilli e., Fas. i. 215.
COMPDS: eymðarskapr, eymðartíð.
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adj. (-liga, adv.), pitiful, piteous, Post.
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and eymdar-háttr, m. wretchedness.
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f. and eymðar-tími, a, m. time of misery, 655 xxxii. 2. Stj. 404, Karl. 248.
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n., medic. a sore, sore place.
(pl. eyru), n. ear (eyrum hlýðir gestr, en augum skoðar); setja hnefa við e. e-m, to give one a box on the ear; leiða e-n af eyrum, to get rid of one; koma e-m til eyrna, to come to one’s ears, of news; hafa nef í e. e-m, to put the nose in one’s ear, to whisper to one, of a tell-tale.
n., pl. eyru, gen. eyrna, [Lat. auris; Goth. ausô: A. S. eâre; Engl. ear; O. H. G. ôra; Germ. ohr; Swed. öra, öron; Dan. öre, ören]:—an ear; eyrum hlýðir, en augum skoðar, he listens with his ears, but looks with his eyes, Hm. 7:—proverbs, mörg eru konungs eyru, many are the king’s ears, Orkn. 252; þar eru eyru sæmst sem óxu, the ears fit best where they grow, i. e. a place for everything and everything in its place, Nj. 80; láta inn um eitt eyrat en út um hitt, to let a thing in at one ear and out at the other; láta e-t sem vind um eyrun þjóta, to let a thing blow like the wind about one’s ears, i. e. heed it not; Grími var sem við annat eyrat gengi út þat er Þorsteinn mælti, Brand. 60; svá var sem Kálfi færi um annat eyrat út þótt hann heyrði slíkt talað, Fms. xi. 46; skjóta skolla-eyrum við e-u, to turn a fox’s ear (a deaf ear) to a thing; þar er mér úlfs ván er ek eyru sé’k, I can guess the wolf when I see his ears, Fm. 35, Finnb. 244; við eyra e-m, under one’s nose, Ld. 100; mæla í e. e-m, to speak into one’s ear, Fg. 549; hafa nef í eyra e-m, to put one’s nose in one’s ear, i. …
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f., botan. a flower, epilobium montanum, Hjalt.
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u, f. a rowning of secrets in one’s ear, poët. a wife, Vsp. 45, Hm. 116.
n.; see erendi.
or örendi, erendi, n. [A. S. ærend = mandatum; Engl. errand; Hel. arundi; O. H. G. arunti; Swed. ärende; Dan. œrende; akin to árr, a messenger, vide p. 45, and not, as some suggest, from ör-andi; the reference Edda l. c. is quite isolated; there is, however, some slight irregularity in the vowel]
1. an errand, message, business, mission; eiga e. við e-n, to have business with one, Eg. 260; reka eyrendi, to do an errand, message (hence erind-reki), 15; þess eyrendis, to that errand or purpose, Stj. 115, 193; hann sendi menn sína með þessháttar erendum, Fms. i. 15; báru þeir fram sín erindi, 2, Íb. 11; hón svaraði þeirra erindum, Fms. i. 3; ok láti yðr fram koma sínu eyrendi, 127; koma brátt þessi örendi (news) fyrir jarlinn, xi. 83; hann sagdi eyrendi sín þeim af hljóði, Nj. 5; mun annat vera erindit, 69; gagna at leita eðr annarra eyrenda, 235; tók Þorgils þeim eyrendum vel, Sturl. iii. 170; síns örendis, for one’s own purpose, Grág. i. 434; ek á leynt e. (a secret errand) við þik, Fs. 9; erviði ok ekkí örendi, Þkv. (vide erfiði); hafa þeir hingat sótt skapnaðar-erindi, a suitable errand or end, Þiðr. …
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n. adj. purpose-less; fara e., to go in vain, Fms. vi. 248, Glúm. 351, Th. 18, Al. 34.
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(örend-reki and erind-reki), a, m. [A. S. ærend-raca], a messenger, Post. 645. 27, Gþl. 12, 42, Greg. 44, Stj. 524, Barl. 52.
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u, f. the failure of one’s errand, Hg. 21.
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n. pl. the result of one’s errand, Fms. xi. 69.
(gen. -is, pl. aurar), m.
1) ounce of silver, the eighth part of a mark (átta aurar í mörk); hringr, er stendr sex aura, a ring weighing or worth six aurar; verðr þá at hálfri mörk vaðmála e., then the ~ is equal to half a mark in wadmal; e. brendr = e. brends silfrs, an ounce of pure silver;
2) ounce (svá var haglit stórt, at hvert haglkornit vá eyri);
3) money in general, property; ljósir aurar verða at löngum trega, bright silver brings long, woe; ilir af aurum, a miser; gefin til aura (= til fjár), wedded for money; hann vissi ekki aura sinna tal, he knew not the tale (extent) of his riches; lausir aurar, opp. to ‘fastr ~’, movables, chattels (lönd ok lausir aurar); fríðr ~ (= frítt fé, kvikfé), cattle;
4) money, currency; Flosi spurði í hverjum aurum hann vildi fyrir hafa, asked in what money he wished to be paid.
m., gen. eyris, dat. and acc. eyri; pl. aurar, gen. aura, dat. aurum; a word prob. of foreign origin, from Lat. aureus, Fr. or, Engl. ore; (A. S. ora is, however, prob. Danish.) The first coins known in Scandinavia were Roman or Byzantine, then Saxon or English; as the old word baugr (q. v.) denoted unwrought, uncoined gold and silver, so eyrir prob. originally meant a certain coin:
I. an ounce of silver or its amount in money, the eighth part of a mark; an eyrir is = sixty pennies (penningar) = three ertog; tuttugu penningar vegnir í örtug, þrír örtugar í eyri. átta aurar í mörk, 732. 16; silfr svá slegit at sextigir penninga görði eyri veginn, Grág. i. 500; penning, þat skal hinn tíundi (prob. a false reading, x instead of lx) hlutr eyris, 357; hálfs eyris met ek hverjan, I value each at a half eyrir, Glúm, (in a verse); leigja skip þrem aurum, to hire a boat for three aurar, Korm.; einn eyrir þess fjár heitir alaðsfestr, Grág. i. 88: the phrase, goldinn liverr eyrir, every ounce paid; galt Guðmundr hvern eyri þá þegar, Sturl. i. 141; gjalda tvá aura fyrir einn, to pay two for one, Grág. i. 396, ii. …
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adj. penniless, N. G. L. i. 52.
n. lobe of the ear.
n. the lobe of the ear, Sks. 288, v. l.
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m. the lobe of the ear.
m. ornament of the ear.
m. ear-rings, Stj. 396.
n. earring.
n. ear-rings, Stj. 311, 396.
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m. ear-rings.
n. vain praise.
n. ‘ear-praise,’ vain praise, Barl. 63.
n. earmark, on sheep and cattle.
n. ear-cropping, of animals, Grág. ii. 308, cp. 309, Jb. 291.
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m. an ear-pick.
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m. the lobe of the ear, Korm. 86, H. E. i. 492
(gen. eyrar, dat. and acc. eyri; pl. eyrar), f. sand or gravelbank, either of the banks of rivers (áreyrar, dalseyrar) or of a small point of land running into the sea, a spit.
f., mod. eyri, gen. eyrar, dat. and acc. eyri, pl. eyrar, [aurr; Dan. öre; Swed. ör: it remains also in Scandin. local names, as Eyrar-sund, the Sound; Helsing-ör, Elsinore, qs. Helsingja-eyrr]:—a gravelly bank, either of the banks of a river (ár-eyrar, dals-cyrar) or of small tongues of land running into the sea, Fms. v. 19, Eg. 196, Nj. 85, Grág. ii. 355, N. G. L. i. 242, and passim in local names, esp. in Icel., vide Landn.: eyrar-oddi and eyrar-tangi, a, m. the point or tongue of an eyrr, Gísl. 93, Grág. ii. 354, Jb. 314, Háv. 47; Eyrar-maðr, m. a man from the place E., Sturl. iii. 11, Band. 9; Eyr-byggjar, m. pl. id., hence Eyrbyggja Saga, the history of that name, Landn., Eb., Bs. i. 409. A great meeting used to be held at Haleyr, now Copenhagen (P. A. Munch), Fær. ch. 2, hence Eyrar-floti, a, m. the fleet at Eyrar, Eg. 78. Another meeting was held in Drondheim (Niðarós) on the gravel banks of the river Nid, hence Eyrar-þing, n., Fms. vi. 24, viii. 49, ix. 91, 449, etc.
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adj. a dub. απ. λεγ., in the phrase, jó eyrskan, a shod (?) horse, Akv. 32; vide aurskór.
n. quicksilver, mercury.
n. ‘ore-silver,’ mercury, 655 xxx. 7; mod. kvika-silfr.
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a, m. the breast-fin, of a fish.
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m., dimin. [ausa], little ladle, a nickname, Fms. xii.
a. compar. more eastern; hit eystra, the eastern way.
[austr], compar. the more eastern; austastr, superl. the most eastern, Nj. 8, 281, Hkr. i. 137, Eg. 100, Fms. i. 252, vii. 259, xi. 414. Eystra-salt, n. the Baltic, Fms. i. 100, Fær. 10, etc.
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vide öx.
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= öxn, see uxi.
I)
adv.
1) always, ever, = ei, æ;
2) not, = ei, eigi;
ey manni þat veit, no man knows.
II)
(gen. eyjar, dat. ey and eyju; pl. eyjar), f. an island.
a prefix, ever-, vide ei-.
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a, m. an islander, Lex. Poët.
a. belonging to Eyjafirth.
adj., Ey-firðingar, m. pl. men from Eyjafirth in Icel., Landn.
f. ‘the everglowing’, poet. the sun.
f. the ever-glowing, poët. the sun, Alm. 17.
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adj. [Dan. ejegod], ‘ever-good,’ cognom. of a Danish king, Fms. xi.
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m. ‘isle-candle,’ cognom. of a fair lady, Bjarn.
n. island.
n. an island, Fms. i. 233, xi. 230, Eb. 316.
β. the island Öland in Sweden, A. A. 290.
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v. eilífr.
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part. studded with islands, poët. epithet of the sea, Lex. Poët.
a. pertaining to the Orkneys, from the Orkneys.
adj. from the Orkneys, Landn. 27, B. K. 29, Lex. Poët.
adv. = eyfit.
or ey-fit, ey-fvit, ey-vitar, adv. [ey = not, and vit = wight], naught; used as subst. eyvitar, gen., Hm. 93; eyvitu, dat., 27; but else used as adv., blandask eyvitar (blend not) við aðra ísa, Sks. 40 new Ed.: the proverb, eyfit týr (it boots not) þótt skyndi seinn, Mkv.; eyfit hef ek fé, I have no money, Fbr. 49 new Ed.; en biskup hafði þó eyfvit at sök við þenna mann, the bishop could do nothing with this man, Bs. i. 170; hón matti eyfit mæla eðr sofa, she could neither speak nor sleep, 180; hón mátti ok eyfit sofa, 195.
m. the rivet in a clasp knife.
m. the rivet in a clasp knife, now called þolin-móðr, Edda (Gl.)