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að, d. róunni, dat. to wheedle.
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a, m. or dafar, f. pl. a dub. word, a shaft (?), Akv. 4, 14.
(að), v. to dabble (splash) with the oars (þú skalt ~ í árum).
að, and damla, with dat. to dabble with the oar, up and down, metaph. from churning, Krók. 59 C. damla, u, f., is used of a small roll of butter just taken from the churn, það er ekki fyrsta damlan sem þú færð, Brúnn, Ísl. Þjóðs. ii. 124.
(að), v. to thrive (hann nam at vaxa ok vel ~).
að, to thrive well, a nursery term, used of babies. dafnan, f. thriving; döfnunar-barn, etc.
(að), v. impers. to dawn; eptir um morguninn er trautt var dagat, at early dawn; en dagar uppi, the day dawns upon one (of dwarfs and giants).
að, to dawn; eptir um morguninn er trautt var dagað, Eg. 360; þegar er hann sá at dagaði, Fms. v. 21; hvern daganda dag, Mar. (Fr.): impers., e-n dagar uppi, day dawns upon one, in the tales, said of hobgoblins, dwarfs, and giants, uppi ertu nú dvergr um dagaðr, nú skínn sól í sali, Alm. 36, cp. Hkv. Hjörv. 29, 30; en Bárðdælingar segja hana (acc. the giantess) hafi dagat uppi þá þau glímdu, Grett. 141: single stone pillars are freq. said in Icel. to be giants or witches turned into stone on being caught by daylight, and are called Karl, Kerling, vide Ísl. Þjóðs. i. 207 sqq.
f. dawn, daybreak.
dögur (deging, Sturl. i. 83 C), f. dawn, daybreak; í dagan, Edda 24; en er kom at d., 29; litlu fyrir d., 30, O. H. L. 51; um morguninn í d., Fms. ix. 258; í dögun, Eg. 261; i öndverða d., Sturl. ii. 249.
n. tale of days.
n. a tale of days, Rb. 48.
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f. morning terce, 625. 176.
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m. the place of d. in the horizon, Fb. I.
(gen. dags, dat. degi; pl. dagar), m.
1) day;
at kveldi skal dag leyfa, at eventide shall the day be praised;
dagr kemr upp í austri, sezt í vestri, the day rises in the east, sets in the west;
öndverðr ~, the early day, forenoon;
miðr ~, midday;
hallandi ~, declining day;
at kveldi dags, síð dags, late in the day;
sannr sem ~, true as day;
í dag, today;
á (or um) daginn, during the day;
sama dags, the same day;
annan dag, the next day;
annars dag, another day;
hindra dags, the day after, tomorrow;
dag frá degi, hvern dag frá öðrum, from day to day;
dag eptir dag, day after day;
nótt ok dag, night and day;
dögunum optar, more times than there are days, over and over again;
á deyjanda degi, on one’s death-day;
2) pl., days, times;
ef aðrir dagar (better days) koma;
góðir dagar, happy days;
3) esp. pl., lifetime;
á dögum e-s, um daga e-s, in the days of, during or in the reign of;
eptir minn dag, when I am dead (gaf honum alla sína eign eptir sinn dag);
mátti hann eigi lengr gefa en um sína dagi, than for his lifetime;
ráða (taka) e-n af dögum, to put to death. …
m., irreg. dat. degi, pl. dagar: [the kindred word dœgr with a vowel change from ó (dóg) indicates a lost root verb analogous to ala, ól, cp. dalr and dælir; this word is common to all Teutonic dialects; Goth. dags; A. S. dag; Engl. day; Swed.-Dan. dag; Germ. tag; the Lat. dies seems to be identical, although no interchange has taken place]
I. a day; in different senses:
1. the natural day:—sayings referring to the day, at kveldi skal dag leyfa, at eventide shall the day be praised, Hm. 80 ; allir dagar eiga kveld um síðir; mörg eru dags augu, vide auga; enginn dagr til enda tryggr, no day can be trusted till its end; allr dagr til stefnu, Grág. i. 395, 443, is a law phrase,—for summoning was lawful only if performed during the day; this phrase is also used metaph. = ‘plenty of time’ or the like: popular phrases as to the daylight are many—dagr rennr, or rennr upp, and kemr upp, the day rises, Bm. 1; dagr í austri, day in the east, where the daylight first appears; dagsbrún, ‘day’s brow,’ is the first streak of daylight, the metaphor taken from the human face; …
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v. above.
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f. hallowedness of the day, Sturl. i. 29.
n. daylight.
n. daylight, Eb. 266.
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v. above.
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n., at dags magni, in full day, 623. 30.
m. a day’s difference (svá at mun sér á).
m. a day’s difference; svá at d. sér á, i. e. day by day, Stj.
n. = dagstarf.
n. day-work, a tax or duty, Thork. Dipl. i. 11.
f. the drinking, after dagverðr, = dagdrykkja.
f. = dagdrykkja, the drinking after dagverðr, Fas. iii. 530, Mag. 3.
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m. pl. ‘day-dooms’ gossip, (mod.), Vídal.
f. day drinking (beginning after the dagverðr).
u, f. a morning-draught, which was taken after the dagverðr, Orkn. 276, Fas. iii. 42.
n., in the phrase, fara ~ (dat.) ok náttfari, to travel day and night.
n. a ‘day-fare,’ journey, used in dat. in the phrase, fara dagfari ok náttfari, to travel day and night, Fms. i. 203; hann hafði farit norðan dagfari, in a single day’s journey, ix. 513.
2. mod. and theol. the ‘journey of life,’ daily course, conduct; hence dagfars-góðr, adj. good and gentle.
f. fasting by day.
u, f. fasting by day, K. Þ. K. 106, Hom. 73.
a. n., in the phrase, e-m verð ~, the day is not long enough for one.
n. adj., in the phrase, verða d., to lose the daylight, to be over-taken by night, Fms. xi. 142, Rb. 376, Ver. 24.
f. day’s journey.
dag-för, f. a day’s journey, Symb. 15, Fms. xi. 440, Stj. 65.
f. day’s walk.
u, f. a day’s walk, Fas. iii. 643.
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a, m. a day-beam, Bjarn. 46, name given to a lady-love.
a. day-long, lasting all day (daglangt erfiði);
daglangt, as adv. all through the day.
adj. [A. S. dœglang], all day long; d. erfiði, toil all day long, Sks. 42; daglangt, all this day long, for this day, Eg. 485, Fms. ii. 268.
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n. pl. day-dreams, vide dreyma.
f. day’s journey (fara fullum ~um).
f. a day’s journey, Fms. vii. 110, Hkr. i. 45; fara fullum dagleiðum, Grág. i. 48.
adv. all day long, = daglangt.
adv. all day long, Korm. (in a verse), Karl. 481.
a. daily, occuring every day.
adj. (-liga, adv.), daily, Fms. ix. 407, Sks. 42, Dipl. iii. 14, H. E. i. 432, Vm. 139.
n. pl. the time about 9 o’clock a. m.
n. (vide dagr), prop. ‘day-meal,’ one of the divisions of the day, usually about 8 or 9 o’clock A. M.; the Lat. hora tertia is rendered by ‘er vér köllum dagmál, ‘which we call d., Hom. 142; cnn er ekki liðit af dagmálum, Hom. (St.) 10. Acts ii. 15; in Glúm. 342 we are told that the young Glum was very lazy, and lay in bed till day-meal every morning, cp. also 343; Hrafn. 28 and O. H. L. 18—á einum morni milli rismála ok dagmála—where distinction is made between rismál (rising time) and dagmál, so as to make a separate dagsmark (q. v.) of each of them; and again, a distinction is made between ‘midday’ and dagmal, Ísl. ii. 334. The dagmal is thus midway between ‘rising’ and ‘midday,’ which accords well with the present use. The word is synonymous with dagverðarmál, breakfast-time, and denotes the hour when the ancient Icel. used to take their chief meal, opposed to náttmál, night-meal or supper-time, Fms. viii. 330; even the MSS. use dagmál and dagverðarmál indiscriminately; cp. also Sturl. iii. 4 C; Rb. 452 says that at full moon the ebb takes place ‘at dagmálum.’ To put the dagmál at 7.30 A. M., as Pál Vídalin does, seems neither to acccord with the present use nor the passage in Glum or the eccl. …
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m. pl. the sons of the day, i. e. men (?), Am.
f. day-mess (held at dagmál).
u, f. day-mass, morning terce, Hom. 41.
n.
1) convenient time (for doing a thing);
2) leita raðs, to be an observer of days or times (menn skulu eigi leita ráðs at sýslu sínni).
n. [A. S. dagrêd = daybreak], this word is rarely used, Eg. 53, 174, Fms. i. 131; in the last passage it is borrowed from the poem Vellekla, (where it seems to be used in the A. S. sense; the poet speaks of a sortilege, and appears to say that the sortilege told him to fight at daybreak, then he would gain the day); the passages in prose, however, seem to take the word in the sense of early, in good time.
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n. (dag-rikt, n. adj., N. G. L. i. 342, 343, v. l.), in the phrase, bæta sem d. er til, of the breach of a Sunday or a holy day, to pay according to ‘the day’s might,’ i. e. according to the time of the day at which the breach is committed, N. G. L. i. 342, 343, 348, 349; or does it mean ‘the canonical importance’ of the day (Fr.) ?
m. day’s rowing.
m. a day’s rowing, A.A. 272.
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u, f. true as day, Nj. 73, Fær. 169, Fas. i. 24, cp. Eb. 60.
n. nightfall (um kveld nær ~i).
(dag-sátr, Sturl. iii. 185 C), n. ‘day-setting,’ nightfall; um kveld nær dagsetri, Landn. 285; í d., Fms. v. 331, ix. 345; leið til dagsetrs, Grett. III; d. skeið, Fms. ix. 383. dag-sett, n. adj. id., Háv. 40; vide dagr.
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f. a day’s sailing, journey by sea, Rb. 482.
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f. a day’s amusement, games, telling stories, or the like, Sturl. i. 63 C, (dagskemta, gen. pl.)
a. shunning the daylight.
adj. ‘day-scared,’ shunning daylight, poët. epithet of a dwarf, Ýt. 2.
f. day’s mowing (= three quarters of an acre of grassland).
u, f. a day’s mowing, an Icel. acre field, measuring 900 square fathoms (Icel. fathom = about 2 yards), to be mown by a single man in a day, Dipl. v. 28, Ísl. ii. 349.
m. daybreak (rare).
m. the ‘day-sting,’ daybreak, Greg. 57, (rare.)
f. the morning star.
u, f. the morning star, Lucifer, Al. 161, Sl. 39.
f.
1) day light, a whole day;
2) an hour of the day.
f. day time, a whole day, K. Þ. K. 6; dagstundar Leið, a ‘Leet’ (i. e. meeting) lasting a day, Grág. i. 122:—elsewhere dagstund means an hour in the day time = stund dags.
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adj. fixed as to the day, Thom. 56, Fms. xi. 445.
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f. [A. S. dagtid], day-service, 673. 60, 625. 177, Sks. 19.
f. help to win the day.
u, f. help to win the day, = liðveizla, Fas. iii. 336.
(verðar, verði, pl. verðir), m. ‘day-meal’ (the chief meal, taken at the time of dagmál), = dögurðr.
and dög-urðr, m., gen. ar, pl. ir, [Dan. davre], ‘day-meal,’ the chief meal of the old Scandinavians, taken in the forenoon at the time of dagmál, opp. to nátturðr or náttverðr (mod. Dan. nadver), supper; corresponding as to time with the mod. Engl. breakfast, as to the nature of the meal with the Engl. dinner. The old Scandinavians used to take a hearty meal before going to their work; cp. Tac. Germ. 22. An early and a hearty meal were synonymous words (vide árlegr); the old Hávamál advises men to go to the meeting ‘washed and with full stomach’ (þveginn ok mettr), but never to mind how bad their dress, shoes, or horse may be; and repeats the advice to take ‘an early meal’ even before visiting a friend, 32, cp. Hbl. 3. Several places in Icel. took their name from the settlers taking their first ‘day-meal,’ e. g. Dögurðar-nes, Dögurðar-á, Landn. 110, 111, cp. also Gísl. 12. The Gr. δειπνον is rendered by dagverðr, Greg. 43. Matth. xxii. 4; but in the Icel. N. T. of 1540 sq. δειπνον is constantly rendered by kveld-máltíð; eta dögurð, Landn. l. c., Nj. 175, Gísl. l. c.; sitja yfir dagverði, Eg. 564, 577, Ísl. ii. 336, Fms. iv. …
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adj. ‘day-wild,’ i. e. not knowing what day it is, K. Á. 190, N. G. L. i. 342.
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m. daily growth; in the phrase, vaxa dagvöxtum, to wax day by day, Finnb. 216, Eb. 318.
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n. and dag-þingan, f. a conference, Ann. 1391; vera í d. við e-n, Fms. iii. 201, Bs. i. 882, freq. in Thom.
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að, to hold conference with one, D. N., Thom. (freq.)
(að), v. impers. to become dented (~ði ekki né sprakk).
að, to be dented; dalaði ekki né sprakk, Eg. 769, cp. Fas. iii. 12 (the verse).
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m. a small tub, esp. for milk or curds; bæði byttur og dallar, Od. ix. 222, Snót 99.
f. dalmatic.
u, f. a dalmatic, Stj., Fms. iii. 168, Vm. 2, 123.
(gen. dals, dat. dal or dali, pl. dalar or dalir), m. dale, valley (djúpir dalir).
m., gen. dalar, poët. a bow. Lex. Poët.; this word has a different inflexion, and seems to be of a different root from the above; hence in poetry the hand is called dal-nauð, the need of (force applied to) the bow,’ and dal-töng, as the bow is bent by the hand.
(gen. dals, dat. dal or dali, pl. dalar or dalir), m. dale, valley (djúpir dalir).
s, m., old pl. dalar, acc. dala, Vsp. 19, 42, Hkv. i. 46; the Sturl. C still uses the phrase, vestr í Dala; the mod. form (but also used in old writers) is dalir, acc. dali, Hkv. Hjörv. 28; old dat. sing. dali, Hallr í Haukadali, Íb. 14, 17; í Þjórsárdali, í Örnólfsdali, 8, Hbl. 17; mod. dal; dali became obsolete even in old writers, except the earliest, as Ari: [Ulf. dals = φάραγξ, Luke iii. 10, and βόθυνον, vi. 39; A. S. dæl; Engl. dale; Germ. tal (thal); cp. also Goth. dalaþ = κάτω, and dala above; up og dal, up hill and down dale, is an old Dan. phrase]:—a dale; allit. phrase, djúpir dalir, deep dales, Hbl. l. c.; dali döggótta, bedewed dales, Hkv. l. c.; the proverbial saying, láta dal mæta hóli, let dale meet hill, ‘diamond cut diamond,’ Ld. 134, Fms. iv. 225: dalr is used of a dent or hole in a skull, dalr er í hnakka, Fas. iii. l. c. (in a verse): the word is much used in local names, Fagri-dalr, Fair-dale; Breið-dalr, Broad-dale; Djúpi-dalr, Deep-dale; Þver-dalr, Cross-dale; Langi-dalr, Lang-dale; Jökul-dalr, Glacier-dale, (cp. Langdale, Borrodale. …
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m. = dalbyggi.
(dalbyggi, Sd. 214), a, m, a dweller in a dale, Grett. 141 A.
f. dale country.
f. a dale-country, Stj. 380, Hkr. ii. 8.
n. dale-ground.
n. dale-ground, Grág. ii. 257.
n. little dale.
n. a little dale, Nj. 132, Fms. vi. 136, Al. 41. damma, u, f. [domina], a dame, Fr. (for. and rare); hence in mod. use madama, madame.
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m. a dam, D. N.
COMPDS: dammstokkr, dammstæði.
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m. a sluice.
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n. a dam-yard, D. N. (for. and rare).
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danpr, m. [Germ. dampf], steam, (mod. word.)
2. a pr. name, Rm., Yngl. S.
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m. [dominus], sir. D. N.; hence comes perhaps the mod. Icel. word of-dan, það er mér ofdan, ‘tis too great a honour for me; else the word is quite out of use.
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að, [dengja], to bang, thrash, Skíða R. 136.
a. Danish;
dönsk tunga, the Danish (or old Scandinavian) language.
adj., Danir, pl. Danes; Dan-mörk, f. Denmark, i. e. the mark, march, or border of the Danes; Dana-veldi, n. the Danish empire; Dana-virki, n. the Danish wall, and many compds, vide Fms. xi. This adj. requires special notice, because of the phrase Dönsk tunga (the Danish tongue), the earliest recorded name of the common Scandinavian tongue. It must be borne in mind that the ‘Danish’ of the old Saga times applies not to the nation, but to the empire. According to the researches of the late historian P.A. Munch, the ancient Danish empire, at least at times, extended over almost all the countries bordering on the Skagerac (Vík); hence a Dane became in Engl. synonymous with a Scandinavian; the language spoken by the Scandinavians was called Danish; and ‘Dönsk tunga’ is even used to denote Scandinavian extraction in the widest extent, vide Sighvat in Fms. iv. 73, Eg. ch. 51, Grág. ii. 71, 72. During the 11th and 12th centuries the name was much in use, but as the Danish hegemony in Scandinavia grew weaker, the name became obsolete, and Icel. writers of the 13th and 14th centuries began to use the name ‘Norræna,’ Norse tongue, from Norway their own mother country, and the nearest akin to Icel. …
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mod. dans, n. a word of for. origin; [cp. mid. Lat. dansare; Fr. danser; Ital. danzare; Engl. dance; Germ. tanz, tanzen.] This word is certainly not Teutonic, but of Roman or perhaps Breton origin: the Icel. or Scandin. have no genuine word for dancing,—leika means ‘to play’ in general: the word itself (danza, danz, etc.) never occurs in the old Sagas or poetry, though popular amusements of every kind are described there; but about the end of the 11th century, when the Sagas of the bishops (Bs.) begin, we find dance in full use, accompanied by songs which are described as loose and amorous: the classical passage is Jóns S. (A. D. 1106–1121), ch. 13. Bs. i. 165, 166, and cp. Júns S. by Gunnlaug, ch. 24. Bs. i. 237—Leikr sá var kær mönnum áðr en hinn heilagi Jón varð biskup, at kveða skyldi karlmaðr til konu í danz blautlig kvæði ok rægilig; ok kona til karlmanns mansöngs vísur; þenna leik lét hann af taka ok bannaði styrkliga; mansöngs kvæði vildi hann eigi heyra né kveða láta, en þó fékk hann því eigi af komið með öllu. Some have thought that this refers to mythical (Eddic) poetry, but without reason and against the literal sense of the passage; …
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mod. dansa, að, to dance, Sks. 705, not in Sturl. and Bs., who use the phrase slá danz; the verb danza occurs for the first time in the ballads and rímur—Ekki er dagr enn, vel d. vifin, Fkv. ii. 102.
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m. dancing, Sturl. i. 23.
m. pool, puddle, a nickname.
a, m. a pool, Ivar Aasen: a nickname, Fms. viii.
(acc. dapran), a. downcast, sad; of things, dreary (~ dagr, daprar nætr, döpr heimkynni).
adj., gen. rs, of a person, downcast, sad, Nj. 11, Isl. ii. 248, 272, Band. 9: of an obicct, dreary, d. dagr, Am. 58; d. nætr, SI. 13; döpr heimkynni, Hbl. 4, Fms. x. 214: the proverb, fyrr er d. en dauðr, one droops before one dies, i. e. as long as there is life there is hope: daprt böl, Pass. 44. 3; döpr dauðans pína, Bs. ii. 501; döpr augu, weak eyes, Vídal. i. 25; augn-dapr, weak-eyed; hence depra or augn-depra, weak sight: a faint flame of a light is also called daprt, tvö döpur ljós sitt log, Jón Þorl. i. 146.
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að, to become faint, in swimming; e-m daprar sund, he begins to sink, Njarð. 374; more usually dep. daprask, Fbr. 160, Fas. iii. 508.
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adj. weak-sighted, Bjarn. 63.
a. dismal, sad; daprlig ásjóna, a sad look; daprlig kona, a dismallooking woman; daprligir draumar, dismal dreams.
adj. (-liga, adv.), dismal, sad; hnipin ok d., Ísl. ii. 196; kona d., a dreary looking woman, Sturl. ii. 212; d. ásjóna, a sad look, Fms. i. 262; d. draumar, dismal dreams, vi. 404.
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að, to walk heavily, to trample, (a cant term.)
(gen. -ar), m. = darr;
vefr darraðar, web of spears, woof of war.
m., gen. ar, [A. S. dearod; Engl. dart; Fr. dard; Swed. dart]:—a dart, Hkm. 2 (in the best MSS.), cp. DL, where vefr darraðar simply means the web of spears; the common form in poetry is darr, n., pl. dörr, vide Lex. Poët., in mod. poetry dör, m., Úlf. I. 16, 4. 47, 7. 61; the word is probably foreign and never occurs in prose.
2. a sort of peg, Edda (Gl.)
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að, [Swed. dasa], to become weary and exhausted, from cold or bodily exertion, Bs. i. 442, Fær. 185, Fms. ii. 98, Orkn. (in a verse), Sturl. iii. 20, O. H. L. 16; dasaðr, exhausted, weary, Ld. 380, Fas. ii. 80, Fms. viii. 55, Bb. 3. 24.
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a, m. (dasinn, adj., Lex. Poët.), a lazy fellow, Edda (GL), Fms. vi. (in a verse).
(að), v. to throb; ~ði hjarta hans við, his heart sank.
að. to sink, of the heart, Fbr. 37, vide detta.
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n. ‘death-blood,’ gore, Fél. ix.
m. pl.
1) bonds of death;
2) wrappings for the dead, winding sheet.
n. pl. death-bonds, Greg. 48.
m. death day, dying day.
m. death’s day, Nj. 109, Stj. 168.
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n. a death swoon.
n. sentence of death.
m. death’s doom, Sks. 736.
n. plague.
n. plague, Stj. 437, 438.
pp. dead drunk.
adj. dead-drunk, Fms. ix. 22.
m. deadly draught.
m. a deadly draught, Fms. i. 8.
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f. gates of death.
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adj. doomed to death, Bs. i. 222.
f. ‘death-fetch’; an apparition boding one’s death.
u. f. a ‘death-fetch,’ an apparition boding one’s death, Nj. 62. v. 1.: vide fylgja.
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= dauðhræddr.
f. deathpang.
f. the death-pang, Mar.
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f. searching for one as if dead.
m. colour (pallor) of death.
m. colour of death. 623. 61.
m. a man doomed to death; vilja hafa en at manni, to seek his life.
m. a man doomed to die, Fms. vii. 33; hafa e-n at dauðamanni. 656 A. I. 25, Eg. 416.
n. sign of death.
-merki, id, n. a sign of death (opp. to lífs-mark), medic. decay or the like, Nj. 154, 656 C. 32; a type of death, Hom. 108.
n. mortal disease.
n. death-sickness, Bs. i. 616.
n. = banaorð; segja ~ e-s, to relate one’s death.
(v. l. and better dauða-yrðr, f., from yrðr = urðr, weird, fate), n. death, ‘death-weird,’ Ýt. 8.
n. the planning of a person’s death, = banaráð.
n. ‘death-rede,’ fatal counsel, Gísl. 35.
n. deadly slander.
n. deadly slander, Landn. 281.
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m. the Dead Sea. Rb., Symb.
m. tribute of death.
m. tribute of death, Niðrst. 6.
m. death-blow; á næsta dag eptir datt honum skellr, he was surprised by death.
m. a death-blow, Bs. ii. 148.
f. the debt of nature (gjalda skuld).
n. the debt of nature, 655 xxxii. 19.
n. death-blow; veita e-m ~, to strike one dead.
n. = dauðaskellr, Stj. 280.
n. deadly strain (of the muscles or tendons, of a horse).
n. deadly splay, a disease of horses, Bs. i. 389.
f. snare of death.
u, f. snare of death, Hom. 144.
m. = dauðaslag.
m. [Dan. stöd], = dauðaslag, Bs. ii. 182.
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n. the death-struggle.
f. hour of death.
f. the hour of death, Al. 163.
m. deadly swoon, fatal sleep.
n. a deadly swoon, fatal deep, as of one fated to die, Fas. iii. 608: medic. catalepsis, also called stjarfi, Fél. x. 43.
f.
1) cause of one’s death;
2) matter of death, a deed deserving death.
f. a cause for death, a deed deserving death, Fms. i. 48, iii. 20, vi. 383.
n. token of death.
n. a token of death, Bret. 66, cp. 11. xx. 226.
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f. pl. the death-spasms, Fél. ix.
f. penalty of death.
f. penalty of death, Sturl. ii. 2.
n. = dauðasök 2.
n. a work deserving death, Ísl. ii. 413.
m. death;
taka dauða, to meet one’s death, die;
~ ferr á e-n, one is surprised by death;
draga e-m til dauða, to cause one’s death;
sá vegr, er til dauða dregr, that leads to death;
liggja fyrir dauðanum, to be dying or on the point of death.
a, m. [Ulf. dauþus = θάνατος; A. S. deað; Engl. death; Germ. tod; Swed. and Dan. död]
1. death; the word is used in the strong form in all Teut. dialects from Gothic to English, but in Icel. it is weak, even in the earliest writers; though traces of a strong form (dauðr, s or ar) are found in the phrase til dauðs (to death) and in compds, as mann-dauðr: cp. also Hm. 69, where dauðr seems to be a substantive not an adjective: Fagrsk. 139 also writes dauðar-orð instead of dauða orð; an old song, Edda 52, has Dvalins dauðs-drykkr = dauða-drykkr, i. e. the death-drink of the dwarf; the strong form also remains in such words as dauð-dagi, dauð-hræddr, dauð-yfli, dauð-ligr, dauð-vána, which could not possibly be forms of a weak daudi, Nj. 198; at dauða kominn, Fms. i. 32; d. for a hann, Nj. 27; the references are numberless, though heathen proverbs and sayings prefer to use ‘hel’ or ‘feigð,’ which were more antique, whereas dauoi recalls Christian ideas, or sometimes denotes the manner of death.
2. medic. mortification.
COMPDS: dauðablóð, dauðabönd, dauðadagr, dauðadá, dauðadómr, dauðadrep, dauðadrukkinn, dauðadrykkr, dauðadyrr, dauðadæmdr, dauðafylgja, dauðahræddr, dauðakvöl, dauðaleit, dauðalitr, dauðamaðr, dauðamark, dauðamein, dauðaorð, dauðaráð, dauðaróg, Dauðasjór, dauðaskattr, dauðaskellr, dauðaskuld, dauðaslag, dauðaslig, dauðasnara, dauðasteytr, dauðastríð, dauðastund, dauðasvefn, dauðasök, dauðatákn, dauðateygjur, dauðaútlegð, dauðaverk. …
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I)
(gen. dauðs), m. = dauði (drepa, brenna, e-n til dauðs).
II)
a.
1) dead;
verða, vera, ~, to become dead, die;
falla niðr ~, to drop down dead;
ganga ~, to reappear (of ghosts), = ganga aptr;
2) inanimate (dautt fé, opp. to kvikfé).
adj. [Ulf. dauþs; A. S. deâd; Engl. dead; Germ. todt; Dan. död]:—dead, Grág. i. 140, Nj. 19; the phrase, verða d., to become dead, i. e. to die, 238, Jb. ch. 3, Am. 98; d. verðr hverr (a proverb), Fs. 114 (in a verse); falla niðr d., Fms. viii. 55: metaph. eccl., 623. 32, Hom. 79, 655 xiv. A; dauð trúa, Greg. 13, James ii. 17, Pass. 4. 33.
2. inanimate, in the law phrase dautt fé, K. Á. 204.
β. medic. dead, of a limb.
3. compds denoting manner of death, sæ-dauðr, vápn-dauðr, sótt-dauðr; sjálf-dauðr, of sheep or cattle, — svidda, q. v.: again, hálf-dauðr, half dead; al-dauðr, quite dead; stein-dauðr, stone-dead; the old writers prefer to use andaðr or látinn, and in mod. use dáinn is a gentler term, used of a deceased friend; daudr sounds rude and is scarcely used except of animals; in like manner Germ. say abgelebt.
m. death, manner of death.
a, m. a mode of death, Ísl. ii. 220, Lv. 68, Fas. i. 88, Greg, 67.
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= dauðadagr, Bs. i. 643
pp. = dauðadrukkinn.
part. dead-drunk, Fms. xi. 108, Orkn. 420.
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part. death-bringing, 623. 26, Greg. 14.
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adj. frightened to death.
m.
1) deadness, lifelessness;
2) the state of being mortal, mortality.
m. mortality, Stj. 21, Greg. 17.
a.
1) deadly, fatal (~ harmr, dauðlig synd, dauðligt eitr);
2) liable to death, mortal (~ maðr).
adj. deadly, Sks. 533, Hom. 52, Stj. 92, K. Á. 202, Fms. xi. 437.
a. dying, at the point of death.
part. at the last gasp, Thom. 419.
a. indecl. = dauðvænn 2.
adj. ind., and dauð-vænn, adj., medic. sinking fast, when no hope of life is left, Grett. 155, Fms. vi. 31, H. E. i. 480.
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adj. deadly sick.
n. lifeless thing, carcass.
n. (cp. Goth. daupublis = επιθανάτιος, I Cor. iv. 9), a carcase, lifeless thing, Stj. 317 (Lev. xi. 38).
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a, m. a drone, sluggard.
a. deaf (dumbir ok daufir).
adj. [Gr. τύφλος; Goth. daubs = πεπωρωμένος. Mark viii. 17; A. S. deâf; Engl. deaf; Germ. taub; Swed. dof; Dan. dov]:—deaf, 623. 57, Luke vii. 22: allit. phrase, daufr ok dumbi. deaf and dumb, Stj. 207; dumbi sá er ekki mælir, d. sá er ekki heyrir, K. Á. 56; blindr eðr d., Gþl. 504, Hom. 120.
2. metaph., Bs. i. 728.
β. (mod.) without savour, = daufligr.
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ð, dep., d. við e-t, to tarn a deaf ear to, Fms. xi. 134, Thom. 374.
a. turning a deaf ear to (við e-t).
adj. one who turns a deaf ear to, 655 xxxi, Fms. vi. 30.
m. slothfulness, sloth.
m. deafness, sloth. Fas. i. 7.
a. lonely, dull (þótti honum daufligt).
adj. (-liga, adv.), ‘deaf-like,’ lonely, dull, Eg. 202, 762, Lv. 22, Fms. vi. 404 (dismal).
m. bad smell, opp. to ilmr.
m. [Goth. dauns = οσμη; cp. Swed.-Dan. dunst; O. H. G. dauns]:—a smell, esp. a bad smell, Anecd. 8; illr d., Rb. 352; opp. to ilmr (sweet smell), 623. 22; in Ub. 3. 27 used in a good sense.
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or daunsna (mod. dunsna), að, in smell at, sniff at, esp. of cattle; gékk Glæsir (an ox) at honum ok daunsnaði um hann, lib. 320.
a. having a strong (bad) smell.
adj. stinking, Bs. ii. 23.
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f. = daunn, Mar.
m. the two at dice, duece;
kasta daus ok ás, to throw deuce-ace.
m. [mid. H. G. tûs; Fr. deux], the dice; kasta daus, to cast a die, Sturl. ii. 95.
II. the rump, of cattle, Fas. ii. 510, cp. dof.
I)
(dái, dáða, dáðr), v. to admire (~ðu menn mjök dans hans);
refl., ~st at e-m, to admire one.
II)
n. trance, senseless state (falla í ~, liggja í ~i).
ð, to admire, be charmed at, a word akin to the preceding, denoting a sense of fascination, a kind of entrancemetit (cp. dar); with acc., dá e-t, dáðu menn mjök danz hans, Sturl. iii. 259; dáðu þat allir, 625. 96, Konr. 59 (Fr.); but esp. and in present usage only dep., dást (mod. dáðst) að e-u, Fms. ii. 192, xi. 429.
I)
(dái, dáða, dáðr), v. to admire (~ðu menn mjök dans hans);
refl., ~st at e-m, to admire one.
II)
n. trance, senseless state (falla í ~, liggja í ~i).
n. [the root word of deyja, dauðr].
1. catalepsy; Icel. say, liggja í dai or sem í dái, to lie motionless, without stirring a limb and without feeling pain; hann vissi þá ekki til sin longum, ok þúui þá sem hann lægi í dái, Bs. i. 336, Fas. ii. 235: falla í da, to fall into a senseless state, Bs. i. 451.
2. it is medic, used of the relieving swoon, like the sleep which follows after strong paroxysms, Fél. ix. 204; it is different from aungvit (swoon) or brotfall (epilepsy).
f.
1) deed;
drýgja ~, to do a daring deed;
2) valour, energy (ef nökkur ~ er í þér);
3) merit, virtue (syndalauss ok allra ~a fullr).
f. [Ulf. dêds, in missdeds. = παράβασις, Germ. missethat, Engl. misdeed; A. S. dæd; Engl. deed; O. H. G. tat; mod. Germ. that; Dan. daad]:—deed; allit. phrase, drýgja dáð, to do a daring deed, Sturl. iii. 7, 10; dáð ok drengskapr, Band, 10: cp. the compds ó-dæði, a misdeed; for-dæða, an evil-doer; the adverbial phrase, af sjálfs-dáðum, of one’s own accord.
β. valour; ef nokkur dáð er í þér, Fms. xi. 86, 623. 49: the word is not much in use, or merely poët. in compds as dáð-framr, dáð-fimr, dáð-gjarn, dáð-göfugr, dáð-kunnr, dáð-mildr, dáð-rakkr, dáð-sterkr, dáð-sæll, dáð-vandr, etc., all of them ‘epitheta ornantia,’ bold, valiant, Lex. Poët., but none ot them can be used in prose without affectation.
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a, m. a dainty. Snot 216.
a. inactive, sluggish, spiritless.
adj. ‘deedless,’ lubberly, Ld. 236, Lv. 53: impotent, Fél. ix. 204.
n. dastardliness.
f. meanness, impotency, Grett. 131.
(pl. -jar), m. a good for nothing, worthless person.
a, m. a good-for-naught, (fainéant), a lubber, Sturl. iii. 135.
a. valiant, doughty.
adj. bold, Sks. 358.
f. bravery.
dáð-samliga, v. dá-semi, etc.
a. virtuous.
adj. virtuous, Sks. 486.
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a, m., botan., see akr-dái.
n.
1) excellence;
2) admiration;
3) miracle.
n. = dásemd, a work of grace, a wonder; göra ótallig tákn ok dáindi, … undarlig d. (miracles) gerði várr Dróttinn. Vitae Patruni (Unger).
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pretty, rather, as an adverb, prefix to adjectives and adverbs.
from deyja.
(v. deyja), dead, deceased, (freq.)
β. masc. the name of a dwarf, Edda ((31.): cp. Dan. daane = to swoon.
m.
1) a pin (to fasten a cloak with);
2) dagger.
m. [cp. mod. Germ. dolch, which word docs not appear in Germ. till the 16th century (Grimm); Bohem. and Pol. tulich; mod. Dan. dolk]:—the pin in the cloaks (feldr) of the ancients, whence also called feldar-dálkr, Glúm. ch. 8, Korm. ch. 25, Fms. i. 180, Gísl. 55, Hkr. Hák. S. Góða ch. 18; cp. also the verse l. c., where the poet calls it feldar-stingr, cloak-pin, cp. Tac. Germ. ch. 17.
2. the vertebrae of a fish’s tail: it is a child’s game iu Icel. to hold it up and ask, hvað eru margar árar á borði undir sporði? whilst the other has to guess how many joints there are, cp. the Ital. game morra, Lat. ‘micare digitis.’
β. a column in a book.
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v. dafla.
a. tasted flavoured (þat er dámat allíkt mungáti).
adj. flavoured, Sks. 164.
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(proncd. dángast), að, to get seasoned: metaph. to thrive; hence, dámgan, döngun, f. thriving; dönguligr, adj., etc.
m. flavour (illr ~).
m. [perh. akin to the Germ. dampf], flavour; görði síðan af dám ekki góðan, Bs. i. 340; illr d., Konr. 57; the phrase, draga dám af e-u, to take a (bad) flavour from a thing; hver dregr dám af sínum sessunautum: Icel. also use a verb dáma, að, in the phrase, e-m dámar ekki e-t, i. e. to dislike, to loathe; a filthy person is called ó-dámr, etc.
a. well-flavoured.
adj. well-flavoured, N. G. L. ii. 419.
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a gen. form from dá or dáinn, in dánar-arfr, m. a law term, inheritance from one deceased, Hkr. iii. 222: dánar-bú, n. estate of one deceased; dánar-dagr, m. or dánar-dœgr, n. day, hour of death, Fins, i. 219, Hs. verse 44 (where it nearly means the manner of death); dánar-fé, n. property of a person deceased, Grág. i. 209, Fms. vi. 392, cp. Dan. dannefæ, but in a different sense, of property which is claimed by no one, and therefore falls to the king; ‘dane-fee,’ i. e. hereditas illorum qui nullum post se heredem relinquunt, Thork. Dipl. i. 3; cp. early Swed. Dana-arver, Schlyter.
I)
n. scoff;
draga ~ at e-m, to make game or jest of one, to ridicule one; cf. dára.
II)
a., scarcely used except in the neut., ‘dátt,’
1) e-m verðr dátt við e-t, one is startled at a thing (við þau tíðendi varð honum svá dátt, sem hann væri steini lostinn);
2) e-m verðr dátt um e-t, one is pleased with a thing; svá var dátt með þeim, at, they were on such friendly terms that; gera sér dátt við en, to be very familiar with one; þá var nú í dátt efni komit, they had come to be good friends.
adj. [dá], scarcely used except in the neut. dátt, in various phrases; e-m verð dátt (or dátt um e-t), numbness comes to one, one is benumbed, 623, 10; við þau tíðendi varð honum svá d. sem hanu væri steini lostinn, at those tidings he was as ‘dumbfounded’ as if he had been struck by a stone, Bs. i. 471.
β. in phrases denoting a charm or fascination exercised over another, always of uncertain and fugitive nature (cp. dá, ð); göra sér dátt við e-n (v. dá-leikar), to become, very familiar with one, Korm. 38: svá var dátt með þeim at …, they so charmed one another that …, Ni. 151; þá var nú í dátt efni komit, i. e. they came to be close friends, Sd. 138; varð mönnum dátt um þat, people were much charmed by it, Bjarn. g. 20, cp. Hm. 50.
γ. dár gleymsku-svefn, a benumbing sleep of forgetfulness, Pass. 4. 11.
I)
n. scoff;
draga ~ at e-m, to make game or jest of one, to ridicule one; cf. dára.
II)
a., scarcely used except in the neut., ‘dátt,’
1) e-m verðr dátt við e-t, one is startled at a thing (við þau tíðendi varð honum svá dátt, sem hann væri steini lostinn);
2) e-m verðr dátt um e-t, one is pleased with a thing; svá var dátt með þeim, at, they were on such friendly terms that; gera sér dátt við en, to be very familiar with one; þá var nú í dátt efni komit, they had come to be good friends.
n. scoff; in the allit. phrase, draga d. at e-m, to make game of one, Hkr. iii. 203; gys og dár, Pass. 14. 2.
(að), v.
1) to mock, make sport of one, with acc.;
2) to impose upon one; ~ e-t af e-m, to cheat one out of a thing.
að, to mock, make sport of, with acc., Fas. i. 9. Sti. 22, 165, 199, Grett. 139.
m. fool, buffoon.
a. m. [Germ. tor or thor; Dan. daare], a fool, buffoon. Fms. ix. 272; dára-samlegr, adj. foolish. Stj. 269; dára-skapr and dáru-skapr, m. mockery, Fas. ii. 337. Grett. 108 A, 144.
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a, m. [abbrev. from soldat], a soldier, (mod.)
I)
(dái, dáða, dáðr), v. to admire (~ðu menn mjök dans hans);
refl., ~st at e-m, to admire one.
II)
n. trance, senseless state (falla í ~, liggja í ~i).
is esp. in mod. use prefixed to a great many adjectives and adverbs, denoting very; dá-góðr, very good; da-vel, very well; dá-vænn, dá-fallegr, v. below; dá-fagr, very handsome; dá-lítill, in the west of Icel. pronounced dultið, dulítill, very little.
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adj. very pretty, Fas. iii. 3, v. 1.
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adv. very, quite; ekki d., not quite, Bjarn. 42.
m. pl. intimacy.
m. pl. (prop. charms), intimacy, Nj. 103.
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adj. (-liga, adv.), [Dan. daarlig], bad; d. tré, Stj. 24; d. deyning, bad smell, 51; d. lerð, Ld. 324; d. kostr, Fms. i. 202; d. dæmi, Sks. 481: wretched (of a person), Magn. 494, Stj. 157, 473.
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n. fondness, intimacy.
(að), v. to admire.
að, to admire, Fms. vi. 57, Magn. 504: dásamandi, part., Fms. v. 239, Mar. 39; this word and the following are by mod. theol. writers much used of God, the grace of God.
a. admirable, wonderfull.
adi. (-liga, adv., Bs. i. 305), wonderful, glorious, Fms. x. 234, iv. 71; d. tákn. Bs. i. 325, Magn. 504, 532, Clem. 46.
f.
1) admiration;
2) marvellous glory.
and dá-semi, f. glory, grace. Mar. 33, 68, Post. 188. dásemðar-verk, n. work of glory: mikil em dásemðar verkin Drottins, great are the glorious works of the Lord. cp. Ps. cxi. 2.
a. very pretty.
adj. very pretty, Fær. 157, Fas. ii. 343.
f. drawn, drawing.
f. dawn, Eluc., Sturl. i. 83 C.
n. dough.
n. [Ulf. daigs, m. = φύραμα; A. S. dâg; Engl. dough; Germ. teig; Swed. deg]:—dough, Ann. 1337, Matth. xiii. 33, I Cor. v. 6–8. Gal. v. 9; the earliest trace of this word is the Goth. deigan, a strong verb by which Ulf. renders the Gr. πλάσσειν, as also οστάκινος by the part. digans, πλάσμα by gadik in Róm. ix. 20, and επλάσθη by gadigans in I Tim. ii. 13: to this family belong the following Icel. words, deigr (moist), deigja, digna, deigla, dígull, the fundamental notion being plasticity: vide the following.
I)
(-ða, -ðr), v. to make soft, to weaken.
II)
f. servantmaid, dairymaid (~ eðr önnur hjún).
1. u, f. a dairy-maid; this word is the humble mother of the Engl. lady, qs. la-dy (vide p. 76. s. v. brauð). A. S. hlæf-dige = bread-maid; cp. Norse bú-deigja (q. v.). Chaucer’s dey (a maner dey), and West Engl. day- (or dey-) house, a dairy. The deigja in old Norse farms was the chief maid, but still a bondwoman, N. G. L. i. 70, H. E. i. 510; öll ertú d. dritin. Ls. 56, where it is curiously enough addressed to the daughter of Byggvir (bygg = barley), a handmaid of the gods; deigja seems to mean a baker-woman, and the word no doubt is akin to deig, dough, and Goth. deigan, to knead, the same person being originally both dairy-woman and baker to the farm: in Icel. the word is never used, but it survives in the Norse bu-deia, sæter-deia, agtar-deia, reid-deia (Ivar Aasen), and Swed. deja, = a dairy-maid.
2. u, f. wetness, dump.
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u, f. a crucible, Germ. tiegel. v. digull.
a.
1) soft, of metal;
2) timid, cowardly.
adj. ‘doughy,’ damp, wet; Icel. say, vera d. í fætrna, to be wettish, less than vátr, wet, and more than rakr, damp.
β. soft, of steel, and metaph. timid; d. brandr, Kb. 238, Þiðr. 79; deigan skal deigum bjóða (proverb), Háv. 40, Fms. i. 143 (in a verse), iii. 193, Pr. 173.
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= dígull, m.; deigul-mór, m. a sort of clay.
I)
(-da, -dr), v.
1) to divide into parts;
sú á, er deilir með jötna sonum grund ok með goðum, that river which parts the giants and the gods;
alit þat land, er vatnsföll ~ til sjófar, of which the rivers form the boundaries down to the sea;
vildi H. bæði kjósa ok ~, H. would both choose and deal (viz. divide the catch in shares and choose for himself the share he liked best);
láta en kjósa ok ~, to give one an arbitrary power in a case;
with dat. (hversu má keisarinn ~ sér í tvá staði);
2) to deal out, apportion, allot;
deildr hlutr, a share allotted to one;
~ dögurð, mat á málum, to deal out portions of food in a household;
~ víg með verum, to deal victory fairly among men;
3) to distinguish, discern, = greina;
eptir þat sá sól ok mátti þá ~ ættir, they could then discern the quarters of heaven;
~ liti, to discern colours;
eigi deilir litr kosti (acc. pl.), colour is no sure test of the quality;
4) to busy or occupy oneself with, deal with (engi maðr á önnur mál at ~ í kirkju, nema biðja fyrir sér);
hann við Ríg rúnar deildi, he capped ritnes (spells) with R.;
~ orðspeki við e-n, to contend in learning with one; …
u. f. disagreement, a contest, often as a law term, law contest (laga-deila, þing-deila), Nj. 90, Fms. i. 68, iv. í 19, 198, vi. 136, viii. 146, Sturl. i. 105, Eg. 367, Rd. 304, Ld. 204.
COMPDS: deilugjarn, deilumál, deiluvænligr.
I)
(-da, -dr), v.
1) to divide into parts;
sú á, er deilir með jötna sonum grund ok með goðum, that river which parts the giants and the gods;
alit þat land, er vatnsföll ~ til sjófar, of which the rivers form the boundaries down to the sea;
vildi H. bæði kjósa ok ~, H. would both choose and deal (viz. divide the catch in shares and choose for himself the share he liked best);
láta en kjósa ok ~, to give one an arbitrary power in a case;
with dat. (hversu má keisarinn ~ sér í tvá staði);
2) to deal out, apportion, allot;
deildr hlutr, a share allotted to one;
~ dögurð, mat á málum, to deal out portions of food in a household;
~ víg með verum, to deal victory fairly among men;
3) to distinguish, discern, = greina;
eptir þat sá sól ok mátti þá ~ ættir, they could then discern the quarters of heaven;
~ liti, to discern colours;
eigi deilir litr kosti (acc. pl.), colour is no sure test of the quality;
4) to busy or occupy oneself with, deal with (engi maðr á önnur mál at ~ í kirkju, nema biðja fyrir sér);
hann við Ríg rúnar deildi, he capped ritnes (spells) with R.;
~ orðspeki við e-n, to contend in learning with one; …
d, [Goth. dailjan and ga-dailjan = μερίζειν, μεταδιδόναι, διαιρεθν, etc.; A. S. dælan; Engl. to deal; Germ. theilen; O. H. G. tailjan; Swed. dela; Dan. dele.]
I. with acc. (never dat.), to deal, divide; the phrase, vilja bæði kjósa ok deila, will both choose and deal, of unfair dealing, a metaphor taken from partners, e. g. fishermen, where one makes the division into shares (deilir), and the others choose (kjósa) the shares they like best, Ld. 38; deildr hlutr, a dealt lot. i. e. share dealt or allotted to one, Grág. i. 243; d. e-m e-t, to allot one a thing, to deal out to one, ii. 294: deila dögurð, d. mat (in mod. usage skamta), to deal out portions of food in a household, Ísl. ii. 337; sér at þar var manni matr deildr, Gísl. 47; þú kunnir aldregi d. mönnum mat, Ls. 46: þá er maðr á brot heitinn ef honum er eigi deildr matr á malum, Grág. i. 149; cp. the proverb, djarfr er hver inn deildan verð; d. fé, Skm. 22; d. bauga, Rm. 20; d. e-t út, to deal out, give, Fms. xi. 434.
2. of places, to divide, bound; fírðir deila, the firths are the boundaries, Grág. …
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f.
1) dole, share;
fara at ~um, to be parcelled out;
fá illt ór ~um, to get a bad share, be worsted;
í nökkuri ~, partly;
í aðra ~, í þriðju ~, secondly, thirdly;
2) quarrel, contest, litigation;
leggja mál í ~, to make a matter the subject of a lawsuit.
(deilþ, deilð), f.
1. a deal, dole, share. Edda 147: fara at deildum, to be parcelled out. Orkn. 88, Ísl. ii. 337 (a portion of meat); göra d., to give a dole, N. G. L. i. 142; the phrase. fá illt ór deildum, to get a bad share, be worsted, Sighvat (in a verse).
2. dealings; harðar deildir, hard dealings, Fbr. (in a verse); sannar deildir, just dealings, Lex. Poët.; ill-deildir, ill dealings; grip-deildir, dealings of a robber, robbery; skap-deild, temper.
3. seldom used of fighting with weapons (N. G. L. i. 64), but freq. of a lawsuit (þing-deild), Nj. 138, 141, 86, 36, Eg. 738, Fms. vi. 361, viii. 268, Gþl. 475: the parliamentary phrase, leggja mál í deild, to ‘lay a case under division’ in court (cp. leggja mál í gørð), a phrase which recalls to mind the English parliamentary phrases ‘division’ and ‘divide.’ Sturl. i. 59; leggja mál til deildar, id., Laxd. 204 (MS., Ed. deilu).
β. cp. also local names, Deildar-tunga, -hvammr, -hjalli, Landn., Sturl.
γ. in Icel. a boundary river is often called Deild or Deildar-á, Deildar-lækr, etc. …
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m. inheritance in shares.
m. inheritance in shares, Grág. i. 172.
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n. a strong body of men, so that some can be kept in reserve, Fms. v. 14.
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v. dældarmaðr.
n. pl. distinctive features; kunna, vita öll (engi) ~ á e-u, to know all (nothing) about a thing; sá þó öll ~ á. honum, all his features were visible.
n. pl. marks, whereby to discern one thing (person) from another; sá þó öll d. á honum, all his features were visible, Fas. i. 298; the metaph. phrase, kunna, vita, deili á e-u (e-m), to know the marks of a thing (man), i. e. to know it so as to discern it from another thing; vita öll d. á, to know exactly; vita eingi d. á, to know nothing about, Eg. 185, Fas. ii. 113, Fms. v. 316.
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f. division, dealing.
m. one who deals out, distributor; bauga ~, giver of rings; sverða ~, warrior, hero (poet.).
m. a dealer. Lex. Poët.: arithm. divisor.
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n. a cup, Js. 78, cp. N. G. L. i. 211.
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m. a ‘mark-stone,’ land-mark, D. N.
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m. [Germ. theil; Goth. dails; Engl. deal; Swed.-Dan. deel, del], D. N.; this word never occurs in old writers, and can scarcely be said to be in use at present. Icel. use the fem. deild and deila, vide above.
a. quarrelsome, contentious.
adj. quarrelsome, Þórð, 59.
n. quarrel.
n. a quarrel, Sturl. i. 30.
a. likely to lead to a quarrel.
adj. likely to lead to a quarrel. Eg. 725.
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n. [mid. Lat. dicra], ten hides, B. K. 125.
2. [deck = to dress], flirtation, finery.
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n. a decree (Lat. word), Bs. i. Árna S.
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að. to coax fur one; in phrases as, vertu ekki að d. harm, or hann vill láta d. sig (of spoilt children).
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a. m. a dog, (cant word.)
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qs. deglingr, m. [dagr], Dayspring, the father of the Sun, Edda.
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m. diamond, (mod.)
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1. d, with dat. to pour out.
2. u, f. a pouring shower.
β. a mist (= dumba), Ivar Aasen.
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u, f. [dammr], to dam, D. N.; demning, f. damming, id.
f. the sharpening, of a scythe by hammering (cf. lédenging).
(dengð, Grág, ii. 338), f. the whetting a scythe by hammering the edge, Grág. i. 200.
m. one who hammers or sharpens, a nickname.
m. one who whets, a cognom., Fms. x. 219.
(-da, -dr), v.
1) to beat, to hammer;
2) to sharpen (a scythe) by hammering;
3) to egg on.
d, [Swed. dänga], to hammer and so whet a scythe; d. lja, Grág. ii. 211.
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u, f. = denging.
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adj. dainty, Snót (Stef. Ól.) 212.
(dat. depli), m. spot, dot.
m., dat. depli, [depil = a pond, little pool, from dapi = a pool, Ivar Aasen], a spot, dot; hvítr, svartr d., O. H. L. 59: a dog with spots over the eyes is also called depill.
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að, d. auguin, to blink with the eyes.
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u, f. [dapr], vide aug-depra or augn-tepra, p. 33.
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n. the peak or shade of a cap.
(-jar, -jar), f. hayrick.
1. f., gen. desjar, pl. desjar, = Scot. and North. E. dass or dess (a hay-rick), cp. also Gael. dais; menn eru við heygarð þinn ok reyna desjarnar, Boll. 348; hey-des, a hay-dass, Bs. 54, Sturl. i. 83, 196: it exists in local names as Desjar-mýri in the cast, Des-ey in the west of Icel.
2. n. [cp. Swed. desman], musk, in the compd des-hús, n. a smelling box for ladies to wear on the neck, of gold or ivory.
(dett; datt, duttum; dottinn), v. to drop, fall;
~ niðr dauðr, to drop down dead;
duttu þær ofan, they tumbled down;
sauðfénaðr datt niðr unnvörpum (dropped down, died suddenly, in heaps) í megrð;
spjót dettr ór hendi e-m, the spear drops out of one’s hand;
dauðinn dettr á, comes on suddenly;
datt norðanveðrit í logn, the north wind fell altogether;
láta e-t ~ niðr, to let a matter drop.
pret. datt, 2nd pers. dazt, pl. duttu; part. dottinn; pres. dett; pret. subj. dytti:—to drop, fall: d. niðr dauðr, to drop down dead, Fms. iii. 132; of a bird when shot, 179; þeir tóku brandana jalhskjótt sem ofan duttu, Nj. 201; spjótið datt ór hendi, El. 91; duttu þær ofan, they tumbled down, Fas. ii. 84; draga þá stundum upp, en láta stundum d., Karl. 161: to drop, die suddenly, sauðfénaðr datt niðr unnvörpum í megrð, Bs. i. 873; þau hafa nú niðr dottið í hor, the cattle dropped down from starvation, 875: to sink, of the heart, Fbr. 108: metaph., líf dettr ór e-m, the life drops out of one, Fms. iii. 214: denoting to come on suddenly, daudinn dettr á, Al. 90; láttu nidr d., engu er nýtt, drop it, it is all false, Fs. 159: the phrases, e-m dettr e-t í hug, a thing drops into one’s mind, i. e. one recollects it suddenly; d. ofan yfir e-n, to be overwhelmed, amazed; d. í stafi, to fall in pieces (as a tub without hoops), to be amazed: cp. datta, dotta.
m. thump (heyrðu þeir brest ok dett sem nakkvat félli).
m. the sound of a heavy body falling; heyra dett, Fms. iv. 168.
a. a kind of metre.
adj. a kind of metre, Edda 124, 129: cp. Ht. 29.
n. = dettiyrði.
n. dropping unregarded words, Mirm.
(-dda, -ddr), v.
1) to kill, put to death;
2) to make null and void (~ dóm); ~ líkamliga löstu, girndir holdsins, ~ sik, to mortify the lusts of the flesh.
dd, [v. dauðr; Ulf. dauþjan; Germ. töden; Swed. döda]:—to kill, put to death, with acc., Ld. 54, Nj. 158, Fms. ii. 270: allit., deyða illum dauða, to put to an ill death, Clem. 57; dræpr ok deyðandi, a law term, Germ. vogelfrei, Gþl. 137; dræpr ok deyðr, N. G. L. i. 351: metaph. (theol.), Fms. ii. 238; d. sik, to mortify one’s lusts, Bs. i. 167.
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f. a deadening, Vídal., N. T.
(-ða, -ðr), v.
1) to make deaf (daufr); impers., hann deyfi, he became deaf;
2) to make blunt (~ egg, sverð, vápn);
3) to soothe, allay (~ kvalar, sakar).
ð, [v. daufr; Ulf. ga-daubjan; Germ. betäuben; Dan. döve; Swed. döfva]:—to make blunt; d. sverð, vápn, eggjar (of weapons blunted by the look of a wizard), Korm. 220, Gísl. 80, Ísl. ii. 225; þær er d. sverð ok sefa, Sdm. 27, Eg. 509 (in a verse), Dropl. 36, Hm. 149, where this power is attributed to Odin himself.
2. to ‘deave’ (Scot. and North. E.), i. e. stupefy; medic., d. hönd, Fas. iii. 396: metaph. to soothe or stupefy, d. sakar, to soothe, Ghv. 2. 23; d. sefa, Sdm. l. c.
II. = Goth. dauþjan, Germ. taufen, = to dip; d. í vatn, to dip in water, N. G. L. i. 339, 378, v. 1.; vide dýfa.
f. deafness.
f. (deyfa, u, f.), [Ulf. daubiþa], deafness, N. G. L. i. 228; numbness, having no savour.
f. deafness.
n. deafness, Bs. ii. 369.
(dey; dó, dóum; dáinn), v. to die (deyr fé, ~ frændr); hann dó af eitri, ór sárum, he died of poison, from wounds; á ~nda degi, on one’s dying day, on one’s deathbed of a limb (dó fótleggrinn allr); of inanimate things, dáinn arfr, an inheritance left to the heir.
pret. dó, 2nd pers. dótt, later dóst, pl. dó, mod. dóu; part. dáinn; pres. dey, 2nd pers. deyr (in mod. familiar use deyrð): pret. subj. dæi; in the south of Icel. people say dæði, inserting a spurious ð; old poems with neg. suffix, deyr-at, dó-at; a weak pret. form deyði (died) occurs in the Ann. 1400–1430, and was much used in biographies of later centuries, but is borrowed from Dan. döde, unclassical and unknown in the spoken tongue; Icel. always say dó: [the root is akin to dá, q. v., Gr. θάνατος, etc.; Ulf. uses a part. divans, by which he sometimes renders the Gr. θνητός, φθαρτός; undivans = αθάνατος, αφθαρτος; undivanei = αθανασία; but the Gr. θνήσκειν he renders not by divan but by ga-sviltan; Hel. uses dôjan, but rarely; the A. S. seems not to know the word, but uses sviltan, whereas in Icel. svelta means to starve, die of hanger; the Engl. perhaps borrowed the verb to die from the Scandin., whereas to starve (used by Chaucer = Germ. sterben) now means to die of hunger or cold]:—to die: deyr fé, deyja frændr, Hm. 76; hann dó af eitri, 623. 27; er þat sögn manna, af hón hafi af því dáit, Korm. …
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(-da, -t), v. to stink.
d, [daunn], to stink, 544. 39, Hom. 151, 623. 22, Stj. 91
f. stink, stench.
f. a stink, bad smell, Stj. 51.
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ð, [cp. Goth. daupjan; Engl. dip; Germ. taufen; Dan. döbe], to dip in water, baptize, N. G. L. i; an obsolete word.
(að), v. to drip (~ði niðr úr kyrtlinum).
að, to drip, prop. of a running at the nose (v. dígull), Sd. 168: to drip, of wet clothes hung out, Konr. 32.
(að), v.
1) to lose temper (of steel);
2) to lose heart.
að, to bencome moist (deigr): to lose temper (of steel), Nj. 203: metaph. to lose heart, Karl. 390, Ó. T. 20, Flóv. 44, Fas. iii. 540, G. H. M. ii. 712.
(acc. digran), a.
1) big, stout, opp. to grannr; ~ sem naut, big as an ox; ~ fótr, a big leg; hon gekk ~ með tveim, she was big with twins;
2) thick, = þjokkr, opp. to þunnr; digrt belti, a thick belt; nautssíða feit ok ~, a fat and thick side of beef;
3) of sound, deep (þat hljóð er digrara);
4) big, haughty; digr orð, big words, threats; gera sik digran, to puff oneself up.
adj., neut. digrt, [the Goth. probably had an adj. digrs; Ulf. renders αδρότης by digrei; Swed. diger; the Germ. dick is different, and answers to Icel. þjokkr, þykkr]:—stout, big; a pole is digr, a wall þykkr: the phrase, d. sem naut, big as an ox, Eb. 314; hár ok d., Anal. 79; d. fótr, Nj. 219; Ólafr Digri, Olave the Fat, Ó. H.: er kálfi var digrastr, Nj. 247: digrt men (monile), Fms. vi. 271; falr langr ok digr, Eg. 285; digrir fjötrar, Sks. 457: (hon) gékk digr með tveim, she was big with twins, Str. 16.
β. irregularly = þykkr; d. panzari, Sturl. ii. 59; d. ok feit nautssíða, a thick side of bacon, Fms. ii. 139.
2. metaph., göra sik digran, to puff oneself out, Bs. i. 719, Karl. 197; digr orð, big words, threats, Ísl. ii. 330, Bs. i. 758.
β. gramm. deep, of a tune, sound, Skálda 177, Ísl. ii. 467, v. 1.
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að, to grow big, of a pregnant woman, Fms. xi. 53; d. í gerðum, id., Bárð. 173, Fb. i. 157: metaph. to make oneself big, d. ok dramba, Th. 11.
f. bigness, thickness.
f. bigness, stoutness (cp. lengd, hæð, breidd, þykt), Fms. iii. 209.
adv. haughtily, boastfully (láta, mæla, barkliga).
adv. ‘big-throated,’ haughtily, Finnb. 252, Bs. i. 764.
a. biglegged.
adj. big-legged, Fms. iv. 28.
a. bignecked, = hálsdigr.
adj. = háls-digr, big-necked, Þiðr. 18.
m.
1) bigness;
2) of sound, deepness, lowness of pitch.
m. (-leiki, a, m.), bigness, Edda 20, Ann. 1345, Bs. ii. 167, 173: aspiration, Skálda 180.
a. big, haughty (digrlig orð, andsvör).
adj. (-liga, adv.), big, boastful. Bs. i. 728, Eg. 711, v. 1.
a. big-nosed, = nefdigr.
adj. = nef-digr, big-nosed, Sturl. iii. 111 C.
n. pl. big words.
n. pl. big words, Stj. 461.
n. run, leap; taka ~, to take to running.
n. a run, leap; taka dik (taka undir sig d.), to take a spring, Bs. ii. 143: the word is probably foreign, but root uncertain; hence comes mið-dik, n., pronounced mið-bik, the middle of a thing; hún (i. e. the Reformation) hefir upphaiit illt og efnislaust, mið-dikið mátalaust, og endann afskaplegan, Bs. ii. 313, a pastoral letter of the old popish bishop Ögmund, A. D. 1539.
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ad, to run, (mod.)
n. a composition in Latin.
n. composition in Latin, Látínu-dikt, Fms. iii. 163, Bs. i. 869, ii. 121; þat nýja dikt, 77: söngva-dikt, composition of songs, Sörla R. I. 5.
(að), v.
1) to compose in Latin (~ ok skrifa bréf á Látínu);
2) to bring about, make;
3) to invent, devise, think out (hann gerir á sömu leið sem fjandinn fyrir honum ~r).
að, [Lat. dictare], to compose in Latin; Gunnlaugr munkr er Látínu söguna diktað hefir, Bs. i. 215, 786; dikta ok skrifa bréf á Látínu; bréf skrifað ok diktað, 798; d. bækr, 79; d. vers, 655 xxxii. 17; d. röksemdir, Bs. i. 786: in old writers dikta is only used of Latin (not Icel.) compositions, but as these compositions were in an affected and artificial style, the word also got the sense of fiction, cp. Germ. dichten, dicbter = a poet, dichtung = poetry; mod. Dan. digter; Engl. ditty; in Icel. mostly with the notion of falsehood, not as in Germ. and mod. Dan. of fancy.
2. to romance, lie; logit eðr diktað, Stj. 40; diktaðu þar andsvör þau er eigi vóru sönn, 248: menn hugðu þetta ráð diktað (feigned), Bs. i. 757; sem fjandinn hafði diktað, Mar. (Fr.); Dóra þú lézt dikta ljóð, dári þig sérhver maðr, Vídal. (a ditty).
f. composition in Latin.
f. composition in Latin, Bs. i. 798.
m. = dikt (rare).
m. a poem (rare), seldom used but as a name of several legendary poems of the 15th and 16th century, Ceciliu-d., etc.
m. a sucking-lamb, kid, calf, pig (þótt kýr leiði dilka).
m. a sucking lamb, Grett. 137, Þorst. St. 51, Grág. i. 417, ii. 307, in the last passage also of sucking pigs, calves or kids; kvíga (a ‘quey’ or young cow) með tvá dilka, Ísl. ii. 401; in Icel. households the lambs are separated from the mother in June, this is called ‘færa frá,’ the time ‘fráfærur,’ the lamb ‘fráfæru-lamb;’ the lambs that are left with the mother all the summer are called ‘dilkar’ as opp. to ‘fráfæru-lamb.’
2. metaph. the small folds all round a great sheepfold.
β. the phrase, e-t dregr dilk eptir sér, it brings trouble in its train.
n. ewes together with their lambs (dilkfjáreign).
n. ewes together with their lambs, Bs. i. 719.
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m. a sheep with a lamb, Grág. i. 418.
f. a ewe with a lamb.
f. a ewe with a lamb, Grág. ii. 304.
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að, with dat. to trill, lull; dillandi rödd, a sweet voice: dillindo, interj. lullaby: dillari, a, m. a triller, of the nightingale; hjartans danspípu dillarinn, Jón Þorl. i. 131.
I)
(að), v. to make dark, darken; impers., um kveldit, er ~ tók, when it begtin to grow dark; tekr at ~ af nótt, the night comes on;
refl., ~st, to grow dark (er nótt ~ðist).
II)
f. darkness (~ nætrinnar); dimmu dregr á et, it begins to look gloomy, threatening.
1. d, (but dinimaðisk, Fb. i. 91; dimmat, part., Mar.):—to become dim; neut. or impers., um kveldit er d. tók, when it began to grow dark, Fms. viii. 305; dimmir af nótt, the night darkens, iii. 135: also of clouds, to grow dark (of a gale, storm); þá hvesti ok dimdi í fjörðinn, Espol. Árb. 1768.
2. u, f. dimness, darkness, esp. of clouds, nightfall; seglið bar í fjarðar-dimmuna, Espol. Árb. l. c.: metaph. gloom, Pass. 4. ii; the phrase, dimmu dregr á e-t, it becomes clouded, looks threatening, Band. 10.
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adj. [A. S. and Engl. dim], dim, dark, dusky; d. ok dökt ský, a dim and dark sky, Fms. xi. 136; verða dimt fyrir augum, to see dimly, esp. of sudden changes from darkness to light, iii. 217; var dimt hit neðra, dark below, Háv. 40; d. himin, Matth. xvi. 3; harla dimt var af nótt, Pass. II. 1; dimm nótt, a dark night; d. stigr, a dim path, Fms. i. 140; dimt él, a dark storm, Úlf. 7. 63; d. regn, Lex. Poët.; d. dreki, the dusky dragon, Vsp. 66.
β. of voice, hollow, Ísl. ii. 467; vide the following word.
a. = dimmraddaðr.
adj. = dimmraddaðr, Fas. ii. 231.
a. deep-voiced.
adj. deep-voiced, Grett. 111.
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n. dark, cloudy weather.
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m. the tail of a seal.
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að, to dangle; dingull, m. a small spider, cp. dor-dingull.
(-ða, -t), v. to make bold; esp. ~ sik or ~st, to dare; ~st til es or at e-u, to have courage for a thing; bœndr dirfðust mjök við Birkibeina, became bold, impudent; ~st at gera et, to dare to do a thing.
ð, (vide djarfr), to dare, always with the reflex. pronoun separated or suffixed, dirfask or d. sik, with infin. to dare, Fms. xi. 54, Ísl. ii. 331; d. sik til e-s, to take a thing to heart, Al. 88, 656 A. I. 36: reflex., dirfask, to dare; bændr dirfðusk mjök við Birkibeina, became bold, impudent, Fms. ix. 408; er þeir dirfðusk at hafa með höndum hans píslar-mark, vii. 195; engi maðr dirfðisk at kveðja þess, i. 83, K. Á. 114; dirfask í e-u, þá dirfðumk ek í ræðu ok spurningum, I grew more bold in speech, Sks. 5.
f. boldness courage.
f. boldness, often with the notion of impudence, arrogance, Eg. 47, Glúm. 309, Fms. iv. 161, xi. 54, Post. 645. 71; of-dirfð, impudence.
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u, f. = dirfð; of-dirfska, temerity.
m. drudge.
m. a drudge (Dan. drog), a word of abuse, Edda (Gl.)
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onomatopoetic. the lark’s note, see p. xxxii, col. 1, bottom.
(-s, -ar), m. plate, dish.
m. [a for. word: from Gr. δίσκος; Lat. discus; A. S. and Hel. disc; Engl. desk and disk; Germ. tisch]:—a plate; þá vóru öngir diskar, Ísl. (Heiðarv. S.) ii. 337, O. H. L. 36, Fms. i. 259, Bs. i. 475; silfr-d., gull-d., silver and gold plate are mentioned as a present given to a king, O. H. 154, cp. Fb. iii. 332; both the words used in this sense, diskr and skutill (Lat. scutellum, Germ. schüssel) are of for. origin; cp. also Rm. 4, 39: in the earliest times small movable tables also served as plates.
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að, to dispense (Lat. word), H. E. i. 510.
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f. dispensing, Stj., Bs.
(að), v. to dispute.
disputera, að, to dispute (Lat. word), Stj.
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n. diameter (Gr. word), 732. 7.
m. pl. gods or priests.
m. pl. [the Icel. has two words, but both of them poetical and obsolete, viz. díar answering, by the law of Interchange, to Gr. θεός (Icel. d = Gr. θ), and tívar, by the same law, to Lat. deus (Icel. t = Lat. d); cp. Sansk. devas, Gr. θειος, Lat. dîvus, Ital. dio, Fr. dieu]:—gods or priests; this word occurs only twice, Yngl. S. ch. 2—þat var þar siðr, at tólf hofgoðar vóru æðstir, skyldu þeir ráða fyrir blótum ok dómum manna í milli; þat eru díar kallaðir eðr drottnar,—where diar means not the gods themselves but the priests; and by the old poet Kormak in an obscure periphrasis, in a poem addressed to the staunch heathen earl Sigurd; Snorri (Edda 96), in quoting Kormak, takes the word to mean gods; but the version given in Yngl. S. seems more likely; the díar of the Yngl. S. were probably analogous to the Icel. goði, from goð (deus). The age of Kormak shews that the word was probably not borrowed from the Latin.
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m. [deig].
I. the mucus of the nose; d. er horr, Edda (Lauf.), Lex. Poët.; hence hor-digull, Fas. ii. 149; mod. hor-dingull, as if it were from dingla.
II. [Swed.-Dan. digel; Germ. tiegel], a crucible; hence poët., gold is called digul-farmr, digul-snjór, -jökull, the load, snow, icicle of the crucible, Lex. Poët.
m. dike, ditch.
and dík, n. [Germ. teich], a dike, ditch, Eg. 529–531, Hkr. iii. 154, Jb. 245, Grett. 161, Fms. iii. 187, vi. 406, Ó. H. 21 (in a verse), Orkn. 452; díkis-bokki, a, m. an eel, poët., Kormak.
m. spot, mark.
a, m. a spot, mark; alloðin nema d. undir vinstri hendi, Fms. iii. 125.
β. esp. medic., b. díla, to burn with caustic; this operation was in olden times performed (caustic being unknown) with a pointed hot iron, and is described in an interesting passage in Bs. i. 379, cp. also Rafns S. ch. 4, Bs. i. 644, Nj. 209.
γ. a brand (on thieves), esp. on the back (v. brenna); fyrr skulu grónir grautar-dílarnir á hálsi þér, þeir er þú brant… en ek myna gipta þér systur mína, Eb. 210, Hkr. iii. 148, Fbr. 190; vide brenna.
(pl. dísir), f.
1) sister (heitir ok systir ~);
2) a female guardian angel, goddess;
3) maid.
f., pl. disir, and an older but obsolete form jó-dís, which remains in the earliest poems, jódís (the sister of) úlfs ok Nara = Hela, Ýt. 7; but Loga dís, the sister of Logi, 9; cp. Edda 109: it also remains in the Icel. fem. pr. name Jódís,—the explanation given in Skálda 183 (from jór, equus, and dís) has no philological value, being only the poet’s fancy: [Hel. idis = virgo; A. S. ides; Grimm ingeniously suggests that the Idistaviso in Tacitus may be corrupt for Idisiaviso, the virgin-mead, from idis and viso = Germ. wiese.]
I. a sister, Ýt. l. c.; heitir ek systir, dís, jódís, a sister is called dis and jódís, Edda 109; dís skjöldunga, the sister of kings, Bkv. 14.
II. generally a goddess or priestess (?), a female guardian-angel, who follows every man from his birth, and only leaves him in the hour of death, cp. the very interesting passages, Hallfr. S. Fs. 114, Þorst. Síðu H. Anal. 184, 185, Gísl., Fms. ii. 192–195 (cp. Nj. 148); hence the phrase, ek kveð aflima orðnar þér dísir, the dísir have left thee, thou art a lost man, Am. …
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n. a sacrifice to the dísir.
n. a sacrifice to the disir, Eg. 205, Yngl. S. ch. 33; þar var veizla búin at vetr-nóttum ok gört disablót, Glúm. 336. In early Swed. laws occur disa-þing, a general assembly, held in February, and disa-þings dagher = the day when the d. sat; disn-þings fridher = the peace, sanctity of the d., Schlyter.
m. hall (temple) of the disir.
m. the temple of the disir, Yngl. S. ch. 33, Hervar. S. Fas. i. 454.
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n. the ‘disir-Scald,’ surname of a heathen Icel. poet who composed a poem in honour of the dísir, Edda, Skáldat.
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a, m. the bung of a cask, Egilsson’s Poems, 68.
(að), v. to distribute.
að, to distribute (Lat. word), Stj. 42, 80.
a. bold, daring (~ í orrustum); ~ ok dularfullr, impudent and arrogant.
adj. [cp. dirfa above; Hel. derbi or derui = audax, improbus; mod. High Germ. derb = hard is a different word, answering to A. S. þeorf, and originally meant unleavened (of bread); kindred words are, Engl. dare, daring, Gr. θαρρειν]:—bold, daring, but also in a bad sense, audacious, impudent; d. í orrustum, bold in battle, Edda 16; d. ok dularfullr, impudent and arrogant, Fms. i. 75; at Ólafr digri mundi eigi svá d. vera at…, so foolishly daring, iv. 107; nú ver eigi síðan svá d., at þú talir ósæmilig orð við Harald, be not so presumptuous as to speak unseeming words to Harold, vii. 168; firna djörf kona ertú ok heimsk, impudent and foolish, xi. 54; djarfastr (boldest) ok bezt hugaðr, Edda 16; víg-djarfr, sókn-djarfr, hug-djarfr, valiant; u-djarfr, shy.
m. boldness, courage.
m. (-leiki, a, m.), courage, Edda 16, Fs. 6, Þiðr. 273.
a. bold, daring.
adj. bold, daring, Fb. i. 380, 445. djarf-liga, adv., Fms. i. 27, ix. 302, Nj. 48, Ld. 214.
a. boldlooking.
(djarfa-mannligr), adj. daring, Bárð. 164.
a. bold of speech.
adj. bold-spoken, Nj. 6, Fms. xi. 53.
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adj. bold in taking, Stj. 422 (of Ruth gleaning).
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part. = djarfmæltr.
(-s, -ar), m. deacon.
m. (djákni, a, m., Sturl. i. 180 C), the Lat. diaconus, a deacon, Dipl. v. 22, Bs., K. Á., K. Þ. K., Vm., etc.
n. disdain.
n. a diadem, D. N. i, 321, 590, etc. (freq. in mod. use); prob. a foreign word, though the root is uncertain.
n.
1) deep water, deep place;
2) the deep sea, deep (kastaði hann øxinni fyrir borð á ~i);
3) pit (~ helvítis).
n. the deep; í djúpum vatna, in the depths of the waters, Sks. 628; mikit djúp (a great gulf) á milli vor staðfest, Luke xvi. 26; at eigi svelgi oss djúpit, 655 xxxii; djúp árinnar, the channel in a river, Fas. i. 151.
β. the deep sea off the shore is called djúp; kastaði hann öxinni fyrir borð á djúpi, Eg. 196; síðan býr Agnarr sik til ok kafar í djúpit, Fas. i. 27: the fishers distinguish between grunn-mið and djúp-mið, vide mið; Icel. also say, hundrað, sextigi… faðma djúp: a large bay may be called djúp, e. g. Ísafjarðar-djúp, Landn. 147; sjávar-djúp, hafs-djúp, the main; hann lét grafa út d. (a ‘deep,’ i. e. channel) við Skeljastein, Fms. x. 153.
γ. metaph., eilift d., 656 B. 9: eccl. used of God, d. miskunnar, gæzku, depth of mercy, grace, etc.; cp. dýpt, dýpi.
a.
1) deep (~ sær, djúp tjörn, djúpt vatn); ~ höttr, a deep hat (coming down over the eyes);
2) heavy, severe (djúp laun ok ill); neut., djúpt, as adv., deep, deeply; leggjast djúpt, to dive deep.
adj., compar. djúpari, superl. djúpastr; djúpust, Greg. 62; djúpari (fem.), Eg. 99; djúpara, Ld. 78; djúpastan, Edda 34; djúpasti, Hom. 144; but in mod. use more freq. dýpri, dýpstr: [Goth. djûps; A. S. and Hel. diôp; Engl. deep; Germ. tief; Swed. djup; Dan. dyb]:—deep, of water; d. vatn, Grág. ii. 131; d. tjörn, Greg. 62; í hinn djúpa sæ, Edda 18, Sturl. ii. 202; djúp á, Eg. 99: of other things, a dale, pit, etc., djúpr dalr, Fms. i. 210, Edda 34; dökkva dala ok djúpa, 38; djúpar grafir (pits), Sks. 426; d. pyttr, Hom. 144: of a vessel (the ark), 625. 7; djúpt sár, a deep sore, i. e. wound, Dropl. 29; d. höttr, a deep hat, coming down over the eyes, Fms. viii. 368; d. hver, a deep kettle, Hým. 5.
β. neut. as adv. deep, deeply; bitu hvelin djúpt í jörðina, Al. 140.
2. metaph., d, tákn, Hom. 134: heavy, severe, d. laun, 100: the phrase, leggjask djúpt, to dive deep, Nj. 102: in mod. usage freq. in a metaph. sense, deep, profound.
a. very, rich.
or -úðigr, adj. the cognom. of Auda, Landn.; it probably means the wise, deep.
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f. ‘deep-finding,’ wit, ingenuity, Pass. 21. 3. djúp-fundinn, part. ‘deep-found,’ ingenious, Króka Refs R. 4. 2.
a. sagacious, ingenious.
part. deep-minded, Skálda (in a verse), Post. 53.
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adj. deep-musing, Sturl. ii. 202.
f. sagacity.
u, f. (-hyggni, f.), sagacity, Fagrsk. 32.
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(-leikr), a, m. depth, Magn. 514, Karl. 394.
a. deep, profound (djúplig ráð).
adj. (-liga, adv.), deep, deeply, Sks. 552.
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and -ráðr, adj. deep-counselling, Þiðr. 135, Fagrsk. 32.
n. deep-scheming.
n. deep-scheming, Fagrsk. 32, v. 1.
pp.
1) deep-laid (djúpsett ráð, orð);
2) deep, penetrating.
adj. deep, deep-laid; d. ráð, Magn. 466, Fas. iii. 218; d. orð, Stj. 4; d. maðr, a deep man, Fms. xi. 44.
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adj. (-skygni, f.), deep-seeing.
f. deep-seeing, penetration.
f. the seeing deep, profoundness, Stj. 560.
a. penetrating.
(-sæligr), adj. seeing deep, penetrating, Eb. 224, Sks. 552.
a. deepminded.
adj. [A. S. deop-hydig], deep-minded.
a. deeply wise, profound, sagacious.
adj. deeply wise, Orkn. 230, Fas. iii. 53.
(dat. djöfli, pl. djöflar), m. devil; freq. as a term of abuse (taki þér djöful þenna).
m., dat. djöfli, pl. lar; [Gr. διάβολος; eccl. Lat. diabolus; A. S. deofol; Engl. devil; Germ. teufel; Swed. djefvul; Dan. djævel; the nearest to the Icel. is the A. S. form, which shews that the word came from England with Christianity; of course in the old Saga time the word was almost unknown; the evil spirits of the heathens were trolls and giants]:—a devil, Nj. 273, Fms. ii. 184; but in Bs., Fms. viii. sqq., the legendary Sagas, etc. it is freq. enough: as a term of abuse, Sturl. ii. 115, Fms. viii. 95, 368, ix. 50; djöfla-blót (vide blót), Mart. 115; djöfla-mót, meeting of d., Greg. 51; djöfuls-kraptr, devil’s craft, diabolical power, Fms, x. 283, Fas. i. 254.
a. devilish.
adj. (-liga, adv.), devilish, 623. 24, 625. 72, Fms. x. 289 290, Barl. 149, Mar. 60.
a. possessed.
adj. ‘devil-wud,’ possessed, Orkn. 518, Clem. 51, N. T.
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adj. = djöfulóðr, Mar. 656 B. 7.
f. boldness, daring feat (þá ~ þorði engi at gøra).
f. [djarfr], boldness, in a good sense, Fms. iv. 133, Pass. 40. 17: impudence, Fms. ii. 184, H. E. i. 503: cp. dirfð, dirfska.
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a, m. [dauðr], deadness, insensibility.
f. a kind of bird.
u, f. the bird tringa fusca, lækjar-duðra, Fél. i. 17, Edda (Gl.)
f. a kind of bird.
u, f. a kind of bird, Edda (Gl.)
(að), v. to become insensible.
að, to become insensible, Anal. 196.
m. torpor, numbness.
a, m. [daufr], medic. torpor, in the hands, feet, etc.,—handar-dofi, fota-dofi; as to the art, stein-dofi, anaesthesia; núla-dofi, ‘needle-torpor,’ ‘pins and needles,’ Fél. ix. 205, 206: metaph. torpor, numbness, Stj. 97, Hom. 108.
a. benumbed, dead, of limbs (~ er mér fótr minn).
adj. dead, of a limb; d. er mér fótr minn, Vápn. 21: metaph. drowsy, [Dan. doven], Al. 71.
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m. torpor, Pass. 9. 10.
(að), v. to lose vitality or force, to become benumbed (eitrormarnir ~ af nætr kuldanum) to become dead, of limbs (~ði höndin); hugrinn ~r, the mind gets heavy; impers., ~r yfir e-u, the matter begins to die down.
að, [Goth. daubnan; Swed. domna], to become dead, of limbs; dofnaði höndin, Fms. vi. 203, Stj. 296, 297: of water, flat, Sks. 165: metaph. the phrase, dofnar yfir e-u, the matter begins to die out, people cease to talk about it, Fms. x. 301, Bs. i. 348, Band. 4; hugr dofnar, the mind gets heavy, Brandkr. 60.
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n. a pillow (?), in the phrase, að sitja upp við dogg, to lie half erect in bed, leaning the head upon a high pillow.
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dokka, u, f. a windlass, Fms. x. 53.
m. knob, boss (of metal).
m., and doppa, u, f. a boss of metal, Þiðr. 111, Karl, 550 (in a saddle); of earrings, D. N. i. 321: (the last word is freq.)
f. trailingline (þeir reru með dorgar sínar at smáfiski).
f. an angler’s tackle, rod and line, etc., for trout or small fish; þeir réru tveir á báti með dorgar sínar at smá-fiski, Sæm. Gm. (introd.), p. 32; land-dorgar, the land of dorg, the sea, Edda 66; dorgar-skot, a kind of fishing implement, D. N. iii. 201; cp. dorga.
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að, to fish with a dorg: in mod. use dorg is only used of fishing through holes in the ice; metaph. Icel. also say, d. við e-t, to go angling for a thing, go dangling after it.
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að, [Lat. dormire], to doze.
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m. a dormitory in a convent, Safn i. 82.
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m. pl. [from Doornik in Flanders], a kind of water-tight boots, Jón Þorl.
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a, m. a wether.
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(dordingull), m. a small spider; araneus tolas ater splendens, filo demissorio, Eggert Itin. 609; also called fiski-karl, fisher-carle; the word is no doubt to be spelt dorg-dígull, i. e. angling spider; for popular lore as to the dordígull vide Ísl. Þjóðs. ii. 547, 548: the small spider’s web is called hégómi, q. v.
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að, (dott, n.), to nod from sleep; dottr, m. a nodder, Háv. 44.
n. direful enmity.
(dolg), n. [A. S. dolg = vidnus, O. H. G. tolg], direful enmity, only in poetry in compds, as dólg-brandr, -eisa, -ljós, the fire, embers, light of the d., = sword; dólg-lið, the ale of the d., i. e. blood; dólg-linnr, the d. snake, i. e. spear; dolg-svala, the battle-swallow, i. e. the shaft; gaping wounds are called dólg-spor, Hkv. 2. 40.
m. enemy, fiend; dauðir dólgar, ghosts.
(dolgr), m. [Ulf. renders χρεωφειλέτης, Luke vii. 41, by dulgisskula; and δανειστής, id., by dulgahaitja]:—a fiend; dauðir dólgar, ghosts, Hkv. 2. 49—verða öflgari allir á nóttum dauðir dólgar mær, en um daga ljósa—used synonymous to ‘devil,’ djöfull, Fms. iii. 200, vi. 143, x. 172 (of a giant); þar sat dólgr í hásæti, mikill ok illiligr (of witches), Fas. ii. 184; svartir dólgar, Karl. 525; sögðu at sá d. væri kominn í bygðina er þeim þætti eigi dæll viðfangs, Grett. 127; söku-dólgr, a criminal; vide dylgja.
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adj. fiendish, Finnb. 326.
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m. = dólgr, Hkv. 2. 49 (Ed. dólgar mær).
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a, m. [dole, Ivar Aasen; cp. Engl. dull], a drudge, Edda. (Gl.)
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m. a sort of dress, Edda (Gl.) 232.
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m. the larva of a caterpillar, Björn.
(pl. -endr), m. judge, = dómari.
a, m., pl. dómendr, [A. S. dêmend], a judge, Fas. ii. 32, Grág. i. 27, 65, 79, Nj., N. G. L. i. ii, Eg. ch. 57, Stj. 378 sqq.; as to the Icel. judges cp. esp. Grág. Þ. Þ. ch. 1, 6, and numberless passages in the laws and Sagas.
m. judge (dómarans er at sitja).
a, m. [Dan. dommer; Swed. domare], a judge, this is the common form instead of dómandi, Edda 93, K. Á. 202, Sks. 472 B, Pass. 27. 5, 28. 10; dómara-sæti, n. judgment-seat, Sks. 480 B; Dómara-bók, f. the Book of Judges: used besides in many compds, lands-dómari, chief judge, of Pilate, Matth. xxvii. 27, Pass. 25. i; yfir-dómari, undir-dómari, etc.
(-s, -ar), m.
1) opinion, judgement (~ um dauðan hvern);
2) judicial decision, decree, judgement, sentence; stríðr ~, a severe judgement; réttlátr í dómum, impartial as judge; segja upp dóm, to pronounce (pass) sentence;
3) court (of judicature), the body of judges; ganga í dóm, to go into court, take one’s seat in court; setja dóm, to set the court, to let the judges take their seats; sitja í dómi, to sit in judgement or in court; nefna dóm, to nominate (appoint) the judges; sœkja mál í dóm, to prosecute a lawsuit in court; hleypa upp dómi, to break up the court by force; bera fé í dóm, to bribe the court; ryðja dóm, to challenge the court; mál ferr í dóm, a case goes into court;
4) state, condition; heiðinn ~, heathenism; kristinn ~, the Christian faith;
5) heilagr ~, helgir dómar, relic, relics;
6) in compds., -dom, -head, -hood (guðdómr, Godhead, manndómr, manhood, konungdómr, kingdom, &c.).
m. [Goth. dôms, which occurs once, but not in Ulf., who only uses the word in compds, and renders κρίσις and κριτής by siaua; A. S. dôm; Engl. doom and the termin. -dom; O. H. G. tom; known in Germ. only from the termin. -tum (-thum)].
I. a court of judgment, the body of judges, or the ‘court’ itself; the Icel. law of the Commonwealth distinguishes between several bodies of judges; in parliament there were Fjórðungs-dómar, ‘Quarter Courts,’ one for each of the political quarters of the country, Breiðfirðinga-d. or Vestfirðinga-d. for the West, Rangæinga-d. for the South, Eyfirðinga-d. or Norðlendinga-d. for the North, and Austfirðinga-d. for the East; these courts were instituted by Thord Gellir A. D. 964: at a later date a fifth High Court, called Fimtar-domr, the Fifth Court, was erected about A. D. 1004; vide Nj. ch. 98, Íb. ch. 8, Grág., esp. Þ. Þ. in the first chapters, and many passages in the Sagas, esp. Nj., Sturl.; and of mod. authors, Konrad Maurer in his essay, Die Entstehung des Icel. Staates, Ed. 1852, Dasent’s Introd. to Burnt Njal;—the treatise of Maurer is an indispensable guide in matters of the Fimtar-dómr. …
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f. submiting to subpœna.
u, f. submitting to subpoena, N. G. L. i. 22, 221.
n. fee or payment fixed by sentence.
n. a fee or payment fixed by sentence, D. N.
m. defaulter (from court).
a, m. a law term, a runaway from court, used either of the plaintiff or judge if they do not appear in court, or quit the court, or even rise in court, without leave; in which case the judge forfeits his seat, and the plaintiff his case; defined N. G. L. i. 23, 220.
m. ‘judgement-ring’.
m. ‘doom-ring,’ ‘judgment-ring;’ (cp. also vé-bönd, the sacred bounds or bar): the courts of heathen times were surrounded by the dómhringr, about a bow-shot from the centre where the benches were placed; no evil-doer might enter this hallowed ring, or commit an act of violence within it; if he did so, he was called a vargr í véum (lupus in sanctii); the Engl. law term ‘bar’ answers to this old word, cp. Gr. δρύφακτοι, Lat. cancelli; the Goth. staua, = court and judge, properly means a staff, bar; the bar was, according to Eg. l. c., a pole of hazel-wood, hesli-stengr: classical passages referring to this,—þar sér enn dómhring þann, er menn vóru dæmdir í til blóts, í þeim hring stendr Þórs steinn, etc., Eb. ch. 10; þar stendr enn Þórs steinn … ok þar ‘hjá’ (better) er sá domhringr er (in which) menn skyldi til blóts dæma, Landn. 98: another classical passage is Eg. ch. 57 beginning; cp. also Fas. iii. Gautr. S. ch. 7, Edda 10, though the ‘ring’ is not expressly mentioned in these last two passages: hann gengr í dómhringinn ok setzk niðr, Band. 6; en þeir eigu at rísa ór dóminum ok sitja í dómhring innan meðan um þá sök er dæmt, Grág. …
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n. court-house.
n. the ‘house of doom,’ court-bouse, Sks. 784; the idea is foreign, though the word is native: the old courts and meetings were always held in the open air.
f. cathedral.
u, f. [Germ. dom-kirche, from Lat. domus], a cathedral, (mod.)
(see leggja), v. to lay before a court.
lagði, a law term, to lay before a court, Dipl. iii. 13.
f. the nomination of judges.
u, f. the nomination of judges in the Icel. court, described in Íb. ch. 5; in parliament the goðar (priests) had the right to appoint the judges, Grág. i. 25; þeir (viz. the priests) skyldu dómnefnur eiga á þingum, Fms. iii. 106.
n. disregard of judgement.
n. disregard of judgment, Grág. i. 87, cp. Gþl. 21.
f. challenging of judges.
f. a challenging of judges, Grág. i. 27.
f. sitting in court, judgement.
u, f. sitting in court, judgment, Sks. 638, 641.
f. setting or opening the court.
f. opening the court, N. G. L. i. 220.
m. a place in which a court is held.
m. court, tribunal, Grág. i. 448, ii. 405, Edda 10.
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m. a court bar, properly court rails, but used in N. G. L. i. 220 of select men who stand outside and pronounce an opinion on the case.
f. summoning, citing.
(-stemna), u, f. a citing, summoning, Grág. i. 448.
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m. pl. ‘court-stones,’ court-ring, Sturl. i. 31, vide dómhringr.
m. judgement-seat, tribunal.
m. the judgment-seat, John xix. 13, Sks. 622, 637, Hom. 46, Fms. x. 443.
n. = dómstóll.
n. = dómstóll, Sks. 488, 606.
a. qualified to sit in a court as a lawful judge (eiga dómsætt).
adj., in the phrases, vera d., N. G. L. i. 84; eiga dómsætt, to be qualified to sit in a court, a lawful judge, Grág. i. 64.
f. the guarding of a court.
u, f. guarding a court, Grág. i. 65. dómvörzlu-maðr, m. a man who guards the court, a javelin-man, Grág. l. c.
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a, m. (and compds dóna-legr, -skapr, -háttr); this is a college word, by which the students of the old colleges at Skalholt and Hólar called outsiders as opposed to collegians, like the Philister of Germ. universities: it is still used: from Span. don, through the E. Engl. done, (‘In þi dysch sette not þi spone, noþer on þe brynke, as unlernyd done,’ = einsog ólærðr dóni, as an illiterate clown (used mockingly), Bodl. Ashm. MSS. no. 61, about A. D. 1500, Boke of Curtesy, E. Engl. Text Society, 1868.)
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f. [cp. Engl. dose, Dan. daase], a small box, snuff-box, (mod. word.)
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n. [North. E. doit], trumpery, trifles, (cant word.)
(gen., dat., and acc., dóttur, pl. dœtr), f. daughter.
f., gen. dat. acc. dóttur, plur. dœtr, later dætr or dætur; gen. dætra, dat. dætrum; the Icel. keeps a single t throughout in the plur., whereas Swed. and Dan. have döttre; dættr also occurs in Sks. B. (a Norse MS.), and at least once or twice in poetry, cp. the rhyme, Ægis dættr ok tættu, Edda (Ed. A. M.) i. 324; and Hlés dættr, Skálda 198: [Gr. θυγάτηρ; Ulf. dauhtar; A. S. dohtor; Engl. daughter; Swed. dotter; Dan. datter; O. H. G. tohtar; Germ. tochter; the Greek has a short υ, and the Goth. has au, answering to Gr. ο; the diphthongal ó and the double t in the Scandin. is only caused by the suppression of the middle consonant gh]:—a daughter; hann átti dóttur eina er Unnr hét, Nj. 1; Þóra dóttir Sigurðar Orms í auga; Þorgerðr dóttir Þorsteins ens Rauða, 2; Höskuldr átti sér dóttur er Hallgerðr hét, id.; er illt at eiga dáðlausa sonu, ok víst ætla ek yðr til þess betr felda at þér værit dætr föðurs yðvars ok værit giptar, Ld. 236; gott skaplyndi hefðit þér þá fengit, ef þér værit dætr einhvers bónda, 216; nú veit ek at þú ert d. en ekki sonr, er þú þorir eigi at verja frændr þína, Háv. …
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að, (drabb, n., drabbari, a, m.), to ‘drab,’ to dirty.
n. draf, husk.
n. draff, husks, N. G. L. iii. nos. 2, 8, Luke xv. 16.
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1. að, to talk thick; það drafaði í honum, of a drunken person.
2. Þiðr. 116, v. 1., 205, 289, from the M. H. G. drabe or darabe, = thereby, which the Icel. translator did not understand.
n. idle talk, tattle.
n. tattle, Fas. iii. 423.
m. curdled milk when cooked.
a, m. cuddled milk when cooked, Grett. (in a verse); rauð-seyddr d., a red-cooked d., a dainty.
(að), v. to become rotten as draff (~ sundr).
að, d. sundr, to become rotten as draff, Fas. iii. 325, 451.
n.
1) the iron rim under the keel of a boat or a sled; fig., leggja ~ undir ofmetnað e-s, to encourage one’s spirit;
2) an additional line to a stanza.
n. [draga], in compds as ör-drag, a bow-shot, of distance: spec. a soft slope or valley, í hverri laut og dragi, Arm. ii. 94: in pl. drög, the watercourse down a valley, dals-drög, dala-drög; Gljufrár-drög, Pm. 46; Kálfadals-drög, id.; fjalla-drög.
β. sing. the iron rim on the keel of a boat or a sledge; the metaph. phrase, leggja drag undir e-t, to lay the keel under a thing, i. e. to encourage it, Eb. 20.
γ. a lining, in erma-drög, Bév. 16 (Fr.)
δ. Icel. also say, leggja drög fyrir e-t, to lay a drag (net) for a thing, i. e. to take some preparatory steps for a thing.
ε. metric. term, a supernumerary, additional line to a stanza, Edda (Ht.) 124, Fms. vi. 347.
I)
(dreg; dró, drógum; dreginn), v.
1) to draw, drag, pull;
~ heim viðinn, to drag the logs home;
~ árar, to pull the oars;
absol., drógu þeir skjótt eptir, they soon pulled up to them;
~ boga, to draw the bow;
~ segl, to hoist sails (= ~ upp segl);
~ fisk, to catch, pull up fish with a line;
~ kvernstein, to turn the millstone, to grind;
við ramman mun reip at ~, it will be pulling a rope against a strong man, i. e. it will be a difficult task;
2) to draw, inhale (~ úþefjan með nösum);
~ nasir af e-u, to smell a thing;
~ öndina, to breathe, live;
3) to procure, earn, gain (þegar hann hafði fé dregit sem hann vildi);
~ e-m e-t, to procure (or get) one a thing (eigi sögðust þeir vita, at hann drœgi Haraldi ríki);
4) to employ as a measure (~ kvarða við viðmál);
5) to prolong protract (dvalir þessar drógu tímann);
6) to delay, put off, defer;
vil ek þessi svör ekki láta ~ fyrir mér lengi, I will not wait long for these answers;
hann dró um þat engan hlut, he made no subterfuge;
7) to delineate, draw a picture (var dregit á skjöldinn leo með gulli); …
1. u, f., vide drögur.
2. u, f., only in pl. drögur, timber carried on horseback and trailing along the ground, Glúm. 368; dragna-hross, a dray-horse, 369: metric. term, a sort of anadiplosis, when a stanza begins with the last word of the preceding one, Edda (Ht.) 126, Skálda 191.
I)
(dreg; dró, drógum; dreginn), v.
1) to draw, drag, pull;
~ heim viðinn, to drag the logs home;
~ árar, to pull the oars;
absol., drógu þeir skjótt eptir, they soon pulled up to them;
~ boga, to draw the bow;
~ segl, to hoist sails (= ~ upp segl);
~ fisk, to catch, pull up fish with a line;
~ kvernstein, to turn the millstone, to grind;
við ramman mun reip at ~, it will be pulling a rope against a strong man, i. e. it will be a difficult task;
2) to draw, inhale (~ úþefjan með nösum);
~ nasir af e-u, to smell a thing;
~ öndina, to breathe, live;
3) to procure, earn, gain (þegar hann hafði fé dregit sem hann vildi);
~ e-m e-t, to procure (or get) one a thing (eigi sögðust þeir vita, at hann drœgi Haraldi ríki);
4) to employ as a measure (~ kvarða við viðmál);
5) to prolong protract (dvalir þessar drógu tímann);
6) to delay, put off, defer;
vil ek þessi svör ekki láta ~ fyrir mér lengi, I will not wait long for these answers;
hann dró um þat engan hlut, he made no subterfuge;
7) to delineate, draw a picture (var dregit á skjöldinn leo með gulli); …
pret. dró, pl. drógu; part. dreginn; pres. dreg: pret. subj. drægi: [Lat. trahere; Ulf. dragan, but only once or twice, = επισωρεύειν in 2 Tim. iv. 3; Hel. dragan = portare, ferre (freq.); A. S. dragan; Germ. tragen; the Engl. distinguishes between to drag and draw, whence the derived words to draggle, trail, drawl; Swed. draga; the Danes have drage, but nearly obliterated except in the special sense to travel,—otherwise they have trække, formed from the mod. Germ. tragen]:—to draw, drag, carry, pull.
A. ACT., with acc.
I. to drag, carry, pull; hann dró þau öll út, Nj. 131; djöfla þá er yðr munu d. til eilífra kvala, 273; d. heim við, to drag the logs home, 53; d. sauði, to pick sheep out of a fold, Bs. i. 646, Eb. 106; d. skip fram, to launch a ship; d. upp, to draw her up, drag her ashore, Grág. ii. 433; dró Þorgils eptir sér fiskinn, Fs. 129; Egill dró at sér skipit, E. pulled the ship close up to himself, Eg. 221, 306; dró hann þá af grunninu, Fms. vii. 264; hann hafði dregit (pulled) hött síðan yfir hjálm, Eg. …
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m. trail or long line of laden horses.
a, m. a trail or long line of laden horses or carts, Bjarn. 36: cp. heim-dragi, a loiterer, Lex. Poët.
(að), v. to drag, trail oneself along (hann ~r síðan heim at búrinu);
refl., ~st = ~.
að, [Éngl. drain], intrans. to drag, trail along, Fas. iii. 525, Sturl. ii. 49; Skíði d. eptir, Sd. 169; hann dragnar síðan heim at búrinu, Háv. 54; hafði losnað annarr þvengrinn, ok dragnaði skúfrinn, Eb. 220: reflex., Fas. ii. 497.
(að), v. to drag along.
að, = dragna, Karl. 147, 554.
m. a trailing kirtle or gown.
m. a trailing kirtle or gown, Fms, vi. 440, viii. 336.
f. bolt; fig. loiterer.
u, f. a bolt; metaph. a loiterer, Finnb. 300.
a. drawing.
adj. drawling. Fas. i. 382.
f. bodkin.
f. a bodkin, Fas. iii. 631.
n. drag-net.
n. a drag-net, opp. to lag-net, a laying-net.
n. halyard.
n. a ‘draw-rope,’ halyard, Bs. i. 276, Edda (Gl.), Fms. vi. 303.
a. trailing behind (dragsíðar silkislœðr).
adj. trailing behind, of a gown, Eg. 702.
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að, (drall, n.), qs. dragla, to loiter, (slang word.)
n.
1) arrogance (ofbeldi ok ~);
2) pomp.
n.
I. prop. a roll of fat on the neck of fat men or beasts, hnakka-dramb, hnakka-drembi, cp. drambr, m. a knot in charcoal or logwood; hence
II. metaph. arrogance, Nj. 47; ofbeldi ok dramb, Fms. vii. 20.
β. pomp, Fms. x. 232: drambs-fullr, adj. arrogant, Hom. 151, Fms. x. 222: drambs-maðr, m. a haughty, pompous person, Fms. x. 254, Hkr. ii.
(að), v. to be haughty, behave with arrogance (~ við em, í móti em); ~ af e-u, to pride oneself on; ~ yfir sér, to boast; ~ yfir em, to lord it over one, look down upon one.
að, to be haughty, pompous, Flóv. 29, Hom. 135; d. í virðingu, 656 C. II; d. yfir e-m, Greg. 22, Niðrst. 7; d. yfir sér, to boast, Fas. i. 36; d. í móti e-u, Fms. xi. 11.
f. pl. a sort of ‘courtbreeches’.
f. pl. a sort of ‘court-breeches,’ Fms, vi. 440.
a. unpresuming, modest.
adj. (-leysi, n.), unpresuming, Bs. i. 275.
a. haughty.
adj. haughty, Greg. 24, Hom. 7, Fas. i. 89, Luke i. 51, Pass. 35. 7.
n. haughtiness, pride.
n. pride, Fas. i. 18, Str. 81.
adv. haughtily.
adv. (-ligr, adj.). haughtily, Hkr. iii. 244, Sks. 451.
a. haughty, proud.
adj. haughty, Sks. 701, Fas. i. 49, Pass. 21. 7.
f. haughtiness, pride.
f. haughtiness, H. E. i. 519, Al. 153.
f. = drambsemi.
f. = drambsemi, Str. 82.
a. = drambsamr.
adj. = drambsamr, Hom. 152, Karl. 135.
n. pl. proud speech, haughty language.
n. pl. haughty language, Sks. 558.
(-s, -ar), m. a detached pillar of rock.
m. a lonely up-standing rock, Dipl. v. 23; kletta-drangr, fjall-drangr, etc., freq. in Icel., vide Eggert Itin. 497: many places take their names from these basalt rocks, Drangar (pl.), Drang-ey, Dranga-vík, Dranga-jökull, etc.; in popular lore these rocks were thought to be giants turned into clones, Ísl. Þjóðs.
m. = drangr.
m. = drangr, Greg. 62, Bs. i. 346, Mar. 93 (Fr.)
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u, f. [dros], prattle; drösu ok lygi, Anecd. 14; drösur (pl.) ok hégómlig orð, 78; hence the mod. drösla or drusla, u, f. a vulgar ditty.
m. poet. horse, = drösull.
drösull, m., poët. a horse, cp. Ygg-drasill, vide Lex. Poët.
(að), v. to drag, trail oneself along.
að, (qs. dragta), to trail or walk like a cow, Fas. ii. 128, i. 484: Homer’s ειλίπους is rendered by drattandi.
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m. the lord of ghosts, is one of the names of Odin, Hkr. i. II.
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n. hoards in cairns or tombs, Fas. ii. 368.
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m. a gang of ghosts.
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f. pl. ghost stories in nursery tales, for a collection of such, vide Ísl. Þjóðs. i. 222–354.
(-s, -ar), m. the dead inhabitant of a cairn, ghost, spirit.
m. [Lat. truncus is perhaps akin]:
I. a dry log; Edda (Gl.); this sense, however, only occurs in old poets, in compds such as el-draugr, ben-d., hirði-d., her-d., óðal-d., jó-d., gervi-d., in poetical circumlocutions of a man, cp. Edda 68, 85.
II. metaph. in prose (as it is now used), a ghost, spirit, esp. the dead inhabitant of a cairn was called draugr, Ld. 326, Fms. iii. 200, Bs. i. 256, Stj. 492, 1 Sam. xxviii. 15, Róm. 186, 217, Orkn. 210 (in a verse), Fas. (Hervar. S.) i. 436–438, Hkv. 2. 49, fsl. (Harð. S.) ii. 47 (in a verse); it also occurs in the verse on the Runic stone in Schonen, quoted and explained in Rafn Antiq. Orient. 178, but it is uncertain whether it is here used in the first or second sense.
β. a sluggard, a drone who walks about as a ghost; draugs-ligr, adj.; drauga-skapr, m.; draugast, að, to walk about like a ghost.
γ. metric., vide draughentr above.
COMPDS: draugadrottinn, draugafé, draugagangr, draugasögur.
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n. adj. a sort of metre, Edda (Ht.) 137; a supernumerary syllable being added to every line, this syllable seems to have been called draugr, a plug or log.
m. a great dreamer.
m. a great dreamer, Gísl. 41.
f. reading of dreams.
f. the reading of dreams, Anal. 177.
n. dreammonster, phantasm.
n. a dream monster, phantasm, Fas. ii. 414.
m. winter of dreams.
m., Gísl. 63.
(-s, -ar), m. dream; eigi er mark at draumum, dreams are not worth noticing; segja em draum, to tell one’s dream to another; ráða draum, to read (interpret) a dream; ~ rætist, a dream proves true; vakna eigi við góðan draum, to awake from a bad dream; em er draums, one dreams, is in a trance.
m. [A. S. dreâm; Hel. drôm; Engl. dream; Swed.-Dan. dröm; Germ. traum; Matth. i. and ii, and by a singular mishap Matth. xxvii. 19, are lost in Ulf., so that we are unable to say how he rendered the Gr. οναρ:—the A. S. uses dreâm only in the sense of joy, music, and dreamer = a harper, musician, and expresses draumr, Engl. dream, by sveofnas,—even the Ormul. has dræm = a sound; so that the Engl. dream seems to have got its present sense from the Scandin. On the other hand, the Scandin. have dream in the proper sense in their earliest poems of the heathen age, ballir draumar, Vtkv. I; Hvat er þat draurna, Em. I; it is used so by Bragi Gamli (9th century), Edda 78 (in a verse); cp. draum-þing, Hkv. 2. 48, whilst the A. S. sense of song is entirely strange to Icel.: it is true that svefnar (pl.) now and then occurs in old poets = Lat. somnium, but this may be either from A. S. influence or only as a poetical synonyme. Which of the two senses is the primitive and which the metaph.?]:—a dream. Many old sayings refer to draumr,—vakandi d., a day dream, waking dream, like the Gr. …
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f. ‘dreamwoman’, one who appears in dreams.
u, f. a ‘dream-woman,’ a spirit in dreams, Gísl. 41, Þorst. Síðu H. 185.
m. a man who appears in dreams.
m. a man who appears to another in a dream, Fms. ii. 230, viii. 107: a dreamer, Stj. 193. Gen. xxxvii. 19.
m. pl. dream-fantasies.
f. pl. (now m. pl.), dream-phantasies, Fas. iii. 79.
n. pl. dreamphantasm.
n. a dream phantasm, Ld. 122.
a. skilled in interpreting dreams.
adj. skilled in interpreting dreams, Fms. vi. 361.
f. skill in interpreting dreams.
f. skill in interpreting dreams, Fms. iv. 30.
m. a skilfull interpreter of dreams.
m. a skilful interpreter of dreams, Stj. 491. 1 Sam. xxviii. 3.
a. one who never dreams (cf. þat er eigi manns eðli, at hann dreymi aldri’).
adj. (cp. vit-stola), a ‘dream-stolen’ man, i. e. one who never dreams,——the ancients thought this a disease; þat er ekki manns eðli at hann dreymi aldri, Fms. vi. 199, cp. also Hkr. i. 71.
n. assembly of dreams, poet. sleep.
n. dream-meeting, poët. sleep, Hkv. 2. 49.
f. streak.
f. (draka, u, f., Thom. l. c., mod. rák, f.), a streak; lá eptir ein blóð-drák í léreptinu, … fagra heilsu barnsins ok blóð-drákina, Bs. ii. 170; hafði hann þá blóðrás merkiligasta, at ein draka (drák) gékk af hægra veg hanns ennis í skakk um þvert andlitið á vinstri kinninni, ok með því sama marki vitraðist hann síðan mörgum mönnum, Thom. 356; ein rauð blóðdrög, MS. Holm. no. 17 (Fr.), vide drög: rák is at present a very freq. word in Icel., but is hardly found in old writers; the identity of these two words cannot be doubted.
n. slaughter, killing.
n. [drepa], slaughter, Eg. 222, Fms. v. 235, etc.; mann-dráp, man-slaughter, homicide.
f. a heroic laudatory poem with refrains in the central portion (contrasted with flokkr).
u, f. a heroic, laudatory poem; this word is probably derived from drepa, to strike, i. e. to strike the chords of an instrument, vide drepa A. I, as poems were at early times accompanied by instrumental music: the drápas were usually composed in the so-called ‘drótt-kvætt’ metre, q. v., and were much in fashion from the 10th to the 12th or even to the 13th century, but esp. flourished at the end of the 10th and during the 11th; the earliest poems of this kind on record are of the end of the 9th century: even poems in honour of gods, Christ, the holy cross, saints, etc. are called drápur if composed in the proper metre; but most of them are in honour of kings, earls, princes, or eminent men, vide Skáldatal. A drápa usually consisted of three parts, upp-haf introduction, stef or stefjamál the burden or middle part interpolated with artificial burdens, whence the name stefja-drápa, and lastly slæmr or peroration; according to the length, a drápa is tvítug or a poem of twenty stanzas, sextug or sixty stanzas, and so on; it is called erfi-drápa if in praise of a deceased man, mansöngs-drápa (Germ. minne-sang) if addressed to a lady-love, etc. …
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n. a lawsuit concerning a drápa.
n. a lawsuit for a d., viz. a love song (mansöngs-d.), which songs were forbidden, Fs. 87.
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m. a nickname for a poetaster, Landn. 168.
a. bloodthirsty.
adj. blood-thirsty, Sks. 89.
n. destructive gale.
n. a furious, destructive gale, Lv. 59.
(gen. -ar, dat. drætti, pl. drættir, acc. dráttu), m.
1) pull;
2) draught of fish; draught of a seine;
3) hesitation, = undan~.
m., gen. ar, dat. drætti, pl. drættir, acc. dráttu and drætti, [draga, cp. Engl. draught]:—pulling, Jm. 1: metaph. hesitation, Fms. x. 11: a draught, of fishing (fiski-dráttr), but esp. of a drag-net, Luke v. 4.
(-jar, -jar), f. yeast, leaven.
f., gen. sing. and nom. pl. dreggjar, dregs, lees; þeir óguðlegu skulu dreggjarnar af súpa, Ps. lxxv. 8, Fas. ii. 26: metaph., N. G. L. i. 339.
(dat. dregli), m. ribbon.
m., dimin., dat. dregli, a ribbon, Nj. 214, Hkr. i. 320, Edda 20, O. H. L. 65, H. E. ii. 113; dregla-lið = dreglat lið, soldiery decorated with ribbons, Fb. ii. 337,—a reference to the custom of neophytes after baptism wearing a white ribbon round their heads.
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að, to lace, furnish with a ribbon, Sturl. iii. 218.
I) f.
1) scattering;
drepa e-u á ~, to scatter about; fig. to throw or cast aside, to let drop;
þeir drápu óllu á ~ um þessa fyrirætlun, gave it up altogether;
2) string or chain (valrinn komst hvergi, því at ~arnar héldu honum).
II) from drífa.
f. scattering; á dreif, id.; á víð ok dreif, scattered abroad, Grönd. 166.
2. a chain; haukr bundinn í gull-dreifum, and haukrinn komst hvergi þvíat dreifarnar héldu honum, El. (Fr.)
(-ða, -ðr), v.
1) to scatter, disperse, with dat. (dreifðu þeir þá öllu liðinu); to strew (tak duft ok dreif á sárit); to sprinkle (~ vatni umhverfis stein); ~ en blóði, to bedabble one with blood; reflex., ~st, to be spread out;
2) to derive (~ orð af orði).
ð, [Ulf. draibjan; v. drífa], to scatter, disperse, with dat.; dreifðu þeir þá öllu liðinu. Nj. 207, Hkr. i. 250; er þú dreifðir svá mjök frá þér fjölmenni því er …, Fms. vii. 182: metaph. to divert, d. hug e-s, Hom. 38: with the notion of violence, to scatter, Post. 656 C. 14: to strew, tak duft ok dreif á sárit, Pröver 471: to sprinkle, d. vatni, Fms. i. 262, Ísl. ii. 403. Barl. 185: adding acc. of the person, d. e-n blóði, to bedabble with blood, Am. 19; ok dreifir þá meðr blóðinu, Stj. 78.
β. with acc. to disperse, dissolve; dreifðum vér Guðs óvini (acc.), 655 xxxii; vóru dreifð öll bein hans, 623. 33 (very rarely); vera dreifðr við e-ð, to be mixed up with a thing, (mod.)
II. reflex. to be spread out, Eg. 530; of the branches of a tree, Edda 10: orð dreifask (gramm.), words are derived from, Skálda 205.
f. scattering, diffusion; ~ blóðs, effusion of blood.
f. scattering, diffusing, Stj. 244, H. E. i. 500.
adv. scatteredly; fara ~, to march in loose order (of troops).
n. adj. ‘adrift,’ scattered, in the phrase, fara d., of troops, to march in loose order, Fms. i. 71, v. 56; dreifara, viii. 213.
(-tta, -ttr), v., in the phrase, ~ en inni, to shut one up so as to force him to ease himself (drita) within doors.
tt, [drita], in the phrase, d. e-n inni, to lock one up so that he is forced to do his business within doors (a disgrace), Sturl. i. 198, Ld. 209.
m. slough of a dragon.
m. the slough of a dragon, Fas. ii. 378.
n. a dragon’s head on a ship’s prow.
n. a dragon’s head as a ship’s beak, Eg. 42, Hkr. iii. 94.
n. shape of a dragon.
n. the shape of a dragon, Niðrst. 1.
n. a banner bearing the sign of a dragon.
n. the sign of a dragon, Karl. 35 1; the constellation Scorpio is also called Sporð-dreka-merki. The language distinguishes between flug-dreki, the flying dragon of the tales, and sporð-dreki, a tailed dragon, i. e. a scorpion.
m.
1) dragon;
2) ship of war (bearing a dragon’s head as an ornament at the prow).
a, m. [from the Gr. δράκων; Lat. draco; A. S. draca; Germ. drache; Engl. dragon; Swed. drake; Dan. drage]:—a dragon, Al. 160, 656 A, Gullþ. ch. 4; this word, which undoubtedly is of foreign origin, is however very old; it occurs in Vsp. 65 (there is no reason to suspect the genuineness of this verse); it is most freq. used by poets of the 10th and 11th centuries, and is especially used of ships of war bearing a dragon’s head as beaks. Fms. ii. 179, 182, 217, 303, iv. 354, v. 311, vi. 314, 360, vii. 51, 109, 248, x. 36, 77, 204–206, xi. 45, 375.
β. the constellation Scorpion, Rb. 408.
2. naut. a small anchor.
COMPDS: drekahamr, drekahöfuð, drekalíki, drekamerki.
I)
(drekk; drakk, drukkum; drukkinn), v.
1) to drink (~ mjöð, öl, mungát);
~ full, minni, horn, to drink a toast, cup, horn;
~ drykk, to drink a draught (þú skalt ~ af tvá drykki);
~ brjóst spena, to suck;
~ úmælt, without measure;
~ fast (mjök), to drink hard;
~ e-n af stokki, to drink one under the table;
~ sér lítit vit, ~ frá sér vit ilit, to drink away one’s reason;
2) to hold, celebrate a feast (~ veizlu, brullaup, erfi);
3) with preps.:
~ af keri, to drink out of a vessel (drukku þeir af einu silfrkeri);
to drink off (empty) a vessel, cup (hann tók við horninu ok drakk af);
~ á e-n, to drink to a person;
refl., ~st á, to drink to one another;
impers., drekkr á e-n, one ships a sea;
~ til e-s = ~ á e-n;
~ e-t út, to consume or spend in drinking.
II)
f.
1) drink, beverage;
2) a drinking feast or banquet;
Ægis ~, the drinking at Ægir’s.
u, f. drink, beverage, Edda 48: a banquet, N. G. L. i. 91, Og. 13; cp. Ægis-drekka, the banquet at Ægir, Edda.
I)
(drekk; drakk, drukkum; drukkinn), v.
1) to drink (~ mjöð, öl, mungát);
~ full, minni, horn, to drink a toast, cup, horn;
~ drykk, to drink a draught (þú skalt ~ af tvá drykki);
~ brjóst spena, to suck;
~ úmælt, without measure;
~ fast (mjök), to drink hard;
~ e-n af stokki, to drink one under the table;
~ sér lítit vit, ~ frá sér vit ilit, to drink away one’s reason;
2) to hold, celebrate a feast (~ veizlu, brullaup, erfi);
3) with preps.:
~ af keri, to drink out of a vessel (drukku þeir af einu silfrkeri);
to drink off (empty) a vessel, cup (hann tók við horninu ok drakk af);
~ á e-n, to drink to a person;
refl., ~st á, to drink to one another;
impers., drekkr á e-n, one ships a sea;
~ til e-s = ~ á e-n;
~ e-t út, to consume or spend in drinking.
II)
f.
1) drink, beverage;
2) a drinking feast or banquet;
Ægis ~, the drinking at Ægir’s.
pret. drakk, pl. drukku; sup. drukkit; pres. drekk; pret. subj. drykki; [Ulf. drigkan; A. S. drinkan; Engl. drink; O. H. G. trinkan; M. H. G. trinken; Dan. drikke; Swed. dricka]:—to drink, the beverage or feast in acc.; d. mjöð, Hm. 18; mungát, el, Fms. viii. 166, Hm. 82; d. full, minni (a toast), Eg. 552, Fms. vi. 442; d. horn, to drain, drink off a horn, a cup, Hkr. i. 35; síðan tók Kolskeggr justu eina af miði fulla ok drakk, Nj. 43; d. drykk, to drink a draught, Fms. xi. 233; eptir þat tók Þórir kalkann ok drakk af tvá drykki, Gullþ. 7; þú skalt d. af tvá drykki, id.; d. brjóst (acc.), to suck (v. brjóst-drekkr), Mar. 656 A. 23, cp. Gþl. 504.
β. to hold a feast, the feast in acc.; d. Jól, Fms. vi. 100, Fagrsk. 4 (in the poem of Hornklofi); d. veizlu, Nj. ii; d. brullaup, Fms. xi. 88; d. erfi, Nj. 167.
γ. denoting the mode of drinking; d. ein-menning, to drink one to one, Eg. 551; d. tví-menning, to drink two to two, id.; d. fast, to drink hard, Eb. 184; d. úmælt, to drink without measure (cp. mál-drykkja), Fms. iii. 18; d. til e-s, to drink to a person, Eg. …
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(-ta, -tr), v.
1) to put under water, submerge, with dat. (~ skipi); drekktust þrjár snekkjur fyrir atróðri þeirra, were sunk;
2) to drown; impers., em drekkir, one gets drowned;
3) fig. to quell, suppress (~ kristninni).
t and ð, [Ulf. dragkjan; Engl. drench], to drown, with dat., Edda (pref.) 144, Fms. iii. 28, Fas. ii. 35: metaph. to swamp, Fms. x. 395: with acc., Hom. 154 (rarely): reflex, to be submerged, Fms. xi. 66.
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part. ‘drench-loaden,’ a ship laden till she sinks.
adv. haughtily.
adv. (-ligr, adj.), haughtily, Fms. vi. 155, x. 237, Nj. 78, Fas. i. 39; cp. rembiligr.
adv. bravely.
adv. brave, bravely, Korm. 238, Nj. 180, 258, Ld. 206.
a.
1) brave, valiant;
2) generous.
adj. brave, valiant, Ld. 272, Fms. vii. 105, xi. 57: generous, vi. 96, Nj. 73, Boll. 348.
(da, dr), v., naut. term, to bind fast, haul taut to a pole (drengr).
d, a naut. term, to bind fast, haul taut to a pole (drengr); taka akkeri ok d. við ása, Fms. vii. 54; d. með köðlum, 82.
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f. a mother of heroes, a cognom., Hdl. 18.
n. a choice company of gallant men.
n. chosen, gallant men, Fas. i. 73, 304.
(-s, pl. -ir, gen. -ja), m.
1) a bold, valiant, chivalrous man; ~ góðr, a goodhearted, nobleminded man (auðigr at fé ok ~ góðr); ekki þykki mér þú sterkr, en ~ ertu g., but thou art a good fellow; drengir, en eigi dáðleysingjar, gallant men, and no fainthearts; at þú mættir ~inn af verða sem beztr, that you might get the greatest credit from it; hafa dreng í serk, to have a stout heart in one’s breast;
2) a young unmarried man (drengir heita ungir menn búlausir, meðan þeir afla sér fjár eða orðstírs);
3) attendant (þeir heita konungs drengir, er höfðingjum þjóna);
4) fellow (lætr síðan sverðit ríða á hálsinn á þeim leiða dreng);
5) pole cf. ás~.
m., pl. ir, gen. drengs, pl. drengir, on Runic stones drengjar; this is a most curious word, and exclusively Scandinavian; it occurs in the A. S. poem Byrnoth, but is there undoubtedly borrowed from the Danes, as this poem is not very old.
1. the earliest form was probably drangr, q. v., a rock or pillar, which sense still remains in Edda (Gl.) and in the compds ás-drengr, stýris-drengr, cp. Ivar Aasen; it also remains in the verb drengja.
2. it then metaphorically came to denote a young unmarried man, a bachelor, A. S. hagestald, N. H. G. hagestolz; drengir heita ungir menn ok búlausir, Edda 107; ungr d., a youth, 623. 22, Post. 656 C. 32, Edda 35; drengr, a youth, Stj. 409; hverrar ættar ertú d., 465; (hence the mod. Dan. sense of a boy); far-d., a sailor.
3. hence came the usual sense, a bold, valiant, worthy man, and in this sense it is most freq. in all periods of the language. Drengr is a standing word in the Swed. and Dan. Runic monuments, góðr drengr, drengr harða góðr, denoting a good, brave, gallant man, a bold and gentle heart; lagði þá hverr fram sitt skip sem d. …
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n. the nature of a drengr.
n. the nature of a d., Km. 23.
f. what makes a man the better drengr.
f. what makes a man the better d., Fms. ii. 276, vi. 107, Karl. 120.
n. a brave or gallant deed.
n. the deed of a d., brave deed, Sturl. ii. 84.
n. want of generosity, unmanliness.
n. want of generosity, unmanliness, Stj. 396.
a. nobleminded, generous.
and -lyndr, adj. noble-minded, Hkr. i. 327, Nj. 30, Fms. ii. 220; hógværr ok drenglyndr, gentle-minded and high-minded, Nj. 30 (of Njal).
m.
1) = drengr 1;
2) bachelor, opp. to bóndi.
m. a bachelor, opp. to bóndi, N. G. L. i. 31, 98: a stout doughty man, Lex. Poët.
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adv. (-ligr, adj.), bravely, doughtily, Nj. 78, v. l.
f. noblemindedness.
u, f. boldness, Fas. i. 404.
(gen. -skapar), m. highmindedness, courage; falla með skap, to fall fighting bravely; með litlum skap, cowardly; þínum skap (manliness) skal ek við bregða.
m., gen. ar, courage, high-mindedness; the phrase, falla með drengskap, to fall sword in hand, Fms. ii. 42; vit ok d., xi. 112; deyja með drengskap, opp. to lifa með skömm, v. 136; þínum drengskap (manliness) skal ek við bregða, Nj. 13: allit., dáð ok d.; með litlum drengskap, cowardly, Fms. viii. 29; má þat verða til drengskapar, Ísl. ii. 366; drengskapar-raun, trial of d., Sturl. ii. 62.
n.
1) bodily hurt, blow (þat er ~ ef bein brotna);
2) killing, slaying, = dráp;
3) plague, pestilence, = drepsótt;
4) mortification, gangrene.
n. [A. S. drepe; Germ. treff], a smart, blow; the legal bearing of this word is defined Grág. Vsl. ch. 10–13; wound and ‘drep’ are distinguished—þat ero sár er þar blæðir sem á kom, en drep ef annars-staðar blæðir, ch. 51, cp. N. G. L. i. og, 164, Eb. ch. 23: trail, vide dögg.
2. slaying, killing, = dráp, Grág. Vsl. ch. in.
3. plague, pest, = drep-sótt, Stj. 546, Bret. 46, Sks. 731 B: a malignant disease, N. G. L. i. 145; metaph., Al. 86.
4. medic. mortification, gangrene, Fms. iii. 184. ix. 36, Bs. i. 346, Fél. ix. 207.
(drep; drap, drápum; drepinn), v.
I. with acc. or absol.;
1) to stike, beat, knock;
~ e-n vendi, to strike one with a rod;
hann tók hörpu sína ok drap strengi (struck the strings) til sláttar; ~ járn, to hammer iron;
~ or ~ högg á dyrr, to knock at the door;
~ botn úr keraldi, to knock the bottom out of a tub;
at eigi drepir þú mik í dúp, that you knock me not into the deep;
~ í hel, í dauða, til heljar, to smite to death;
2) to kill, slay (skulu vér nú fara at honum ok ~ hann);
3) in a game of chess, to take a piece (þá drap jarl af honum riddara);
4) to produce by a blow or blows;
~ eld, to strike, fire (= ~ upp eld);
~ slóð, to make a trail (drápu kyrtlarnir döggslóðina);
5) with prep., ~ af, to kill, slaughter (cattle);
~ niðr, to kill off (þótt hirðmenn þínir sé drepnir niðr sem svn);
~ sik ór dróma, to get rid of (throw off) a fetter;
~ til e-s, to strike, hit, at one;
~ e-t undir sik, to knock or drag down (skaltu standa hiá, er fjándi sá drepr mik undir sik);
~ upp eld = ~ eld;
~ e-t út, to divulge a thing;
~ yfir e-t, to hide, suppress;
drap hann brátt yfir (he soon mastered) harm sinn; …
pret. drap, 2nd pers. drapt, mod. drapst, pl. drápu; pret. subj. dræpi; part. drepit; pres. drep; with the suff. neg. pret. drap-a. Orkn.: [A. S. drepan; Dan. dræbe; Swed. drapa; O. H. G. trefan; mod. Germ. treffen, whence the mod. Dan. treffe, in the sense to hit; Ulf. uses slahan and stautjan, but never dripan; in Engl. the word is lost.]
A. WITH ACC., OR ABSOL. högg (a blow) or the like being understood, to strike, beat:
I. act. of music, to strike the chords, (cp. phrases such as, slá danz, to strike up for a dance; slagr is battle and poem, Trolla-slagr and Gýgjar-slagr are names of poems); hann tók hörpu sína ok drap strengi (struck the strings) til slags, Stj. 458 (hence drápa, a song); d. e-n vendi, to strike with a rod, Skm. 26: to knock, d. á dyrr, or d. högg á dyrr, to knock at a door, Nj. 150; síðan gengu þau heim bæði ok drápu á dyrr, 153; drápu þar á dyrr, Sturl. iii. 154: metaph., d. á e-t, to touch slightly on a matter; d. botn ór keraldi, to knock the bottom out of a jar, Fms. …
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m., in knatt-drepill, a bat, in the game of cricket.
f.
1) a destructive snowstorm;
2) = drepsótt.
f. a killing snow storm, Eb. 150.
n. an intended affray or assault.
n. pl. a law term (cp. áljóts-ráð, sár-rúð, bana-ráð, fjör-ráð), an intended affray or assault, Grág. ii. 116, 117, Vsl. ch. 75.
a. deadly, destructive.
adj. deadly, destructive, Stj. 71.
f. sledge-hammer.
u, f. a sledge-hammer, Eg. 272.
f. plague, pest.
f. a plague, pest, Yer. 21, Kb. 478.
pp. plague-stricken.
part. plague-stricken, Bs. ii. 33.
m. loiterer, a nickname.
m. [dratta], a loiterer, a cognom., Sturl. i. 89.
(-da, -dr), v.
1) to appear to one (en) in a dream (sá maðr dreymir mik opt);
2) to dream (ein kona dreymdi þann draum); usually impers., with double acc., mik dreymdi draum, I dreamt a dream; konung dreymdi aldri, the king never had a dream.
d and ð, poët. obsol. pret. reflex. dreymdumk; [draumr; A. S. dryman = psallere; Hel. drômian = jubilari; Engl. dream; Germ. träumen; Dan. drömme; Swed. drömma]:—to dream; in Icel. impers. and with a double acc., that of the dreamer and the dream or person appearing; thus, mik dreyindi draum, mik dreymdi mann, etc.; þat dreymdi mik, Nj. 95; hvat hefir þik dreymt, id.; hinn veg d. mik þó, 53; hann kvað sik dreymt hafa Hákon jarl (acc.), 122; dreymt hefir mik mart í vetr, Ld. 126; enn dreymdi hann enn þriðja draum, Fms. xi. 8; or poët., draum dreymdumk = draum dreymdi mik, I dreamt a dream, Bjarn. 49; or with ‘at’ with subj., hann (acc.) dreymði þat, at hann væri at lögbergi, Íb. ch. 4, cp. 385: konung dreymdi aldri, the king never had a dream, Hkr. i. 171; the phrase, at dreyma fyrir daglátunum, esp. of light merry dreams at daybreak, which people in Icel. consider a sign of good health, Fél. ix.
β. pers., the appearance in nom., (rare), sá maðr (nom.) dreymir mik jafnan, Fs. 98; dreymdi Svein Þórr heldr ófryniligr, Fms. ii. 162; þat er fyrir eldi er járn (nom. pl.) dreyma, Gkv. 2. 38; um vetrinn vóru dreymdir draumar margir, Bs. …
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(-ta, -tr), v. to let fill in drops, with dat. (hann dreypir vígðu vatni í munn henni).
t and ð, [drjúpa, draup], to drop, put a drop of fluid, wine, medicine, etc., into the mouth of one sick, fainting, and the like, the fluid in dat.; d. e-u á e-t, or í munn em; hann dreypir vígðu vatni í munn henni, Bs. i. 199; at hann dreypi vatni á tungu mína, Greg. 23, Luke xvi. 24; d. víni á e-n (of fainting), Fas. iii. 508, 571; hann dreypti á konuna þar til at hon raknaði við, ii. 151: to dip, at hann dreypi í vatn enum minsta fingri sínum, Greg. 22, Luke xvi. 24, where the N. T. of 1540 sqq. has, at hann ‘drepi’ hinu fremsta síns fingrs í vatn.
(-ða, -t), v. to bleed, ooze (of blood from a slight wound); hann reist í lófa sér krossmark, svá at dreyrði, so that blood flowed.
ð, to bleed, ooze (of blood from a slight wound), always absol. or neut.; þótti mér dreyra ór hlutunum, Ld. 126; ok dreyrði ór hlutunum, Fb. i. 67; eigi dreyrði ór hvirflinum, Fms. ii. 272; hann reist í lófa sér krossmark svá at dreyrði, so that blood flowed, v. 185; ný-dreyrt blóð, new-bled blood, Þiðr. 199.
pp. spattered with blood.
part. spattered with blood, Fms. vii. 89.
m. blood, gore;
vekja e-m dreyra, to bleed one;
rauðr sem ~ = dreyrrauðr.
and drøri, a, m. [as to the root, cp. Goth. drjúsan, pret. draus, = to drop, fall, a verb analogous to frjósa, fraus, and fröri; this strong verb is lost in the Icel., only the weak dreyra is used; A. S. dreôr = gore; O. H. G. trôr:—are A. S. dreôrig, Engl. dreary, from the same root, in a metaph. sense?]:—blood, esp. gore, properly blood oozing out of the wound; vekja e-m dreyra, to bleed one, Fms. vii. 145; nú vökva þeir sér blóð, ok láta renna saman dreyra sinn. Gísl. 11; manna d., human blood, Fms. xi. 233; the phrase, rauðr sem dreyri, = dreyr-rauðr, red as blood, i. e. dark red, v. 127; rauðr d., Vsp. 33: allit., er hann etr hold mitt ok drekkr dreyra minn, 625. 195; dreyrinn dundi, the blood gushed, Pass. 23. 3: poët. phrases, dals d., jarðar d., the blood of the dales, earth, rivers, Lex. Poët.; Kvásis d., the blood of K., poetry, Edda.
COMPD: dreyrarunninn.
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dreyrugr (drørigr, Ýt. 5, 11), adj. [cp. Engl. dreary, Germ. traurig]:—bloody, gory; uncontr., dreyruga, Al. 41; dreyruga húfu, Gísl. 64, 151; dreyrugra benja, Bragi: contr., dreyrgan mæki, Ýt. 11; dreyrga steina, Sb. 58; dreyrgra darra, Jd. 9.
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part. blent, mixed with blood, Lex. Poët.
m. stained with blood.
(-fár), part. blood-stained, Hkv. Hjörv. 9, Lex. Poët.
a. eager for blood, bloodthirsty.
adj. blood-thirsty, dreary, Al. 31.
a. red as blood;
e-n setr dreyrrauðan, one turns scarlet (Guðrúnu setti dreyrrauða).
adj. blood-red, Eg. 113, Fms. vii. 145.
pl. bloody runes, blood (poet.).
m. pl. dreary, bloody runes, SI. 40.
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að, [drussi], d. sik, to vaunt oneself foolishly, Pass. 1. 1 2.
n.
1) driven snow (hvítr sem ~);
2) spoondrift (sjór var hvítr fyrir ~i).
n. [drífa], driven snow; hvítt sem d., Fms. iv. 372, v. 1.: the foaming sea, sjór var hvítr fyrir drifi, Bs. ii. 116.
COMPDS: drifastormr, drifaveðr.
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m. a strong storm.
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n. a strong storm.
f.
dript, f. a snow-drift; þar var snjár í driptum, Sturl. i. 84; hvítt sem drift, white as driven snow, Ó. H. 170.
a. white as driven snow.
and drift-hvítr, adj. white as driven snow, Karl. 546: naut., leggja til drifs, to lie adrift.
n. dirt of birds (fugla~).
n. (mod. dritr, m.), [Engl. dirt, cp. dríta], dirt, esp. of birds, fugla-d., dúfna-d., Stj. 620. 2 Kings vi. 25; síðan tekr hann fugla dritið, Þiðr. 79, v. 1.: local names, Drit-sker, Eb. ch. 4; Drit-vík, Bárð. ch. 4: nicknames, Drit-kinn, Gullþ.; Drit-ljóð, Fms. ix; Drit-loki, Sturl. i. 30.
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adj. dirty, Sks. 112 new Ed.
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n. a dirty person, Fas. ii. (in a verse).
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a, m. [see ráði], a dirty hog, Edda (Gl.)
I)
(dríf; dreif, drifum; drifinn), v.
1) to drift, drive like spray or snow (þá drífr snær ór öllum áttum); fig. of missles, to shower, fly, like flakes of snow (láta ~ skot, vápn, á e-n); veðr var ~nda, there was a great snow-storm; esp. impers. with dat., dreif sandinn, the sand drifted; lauðri dreif á lypting útan, the spray drove over the poop; þegar dreif í Löginn krömmu, there fell wet snow in the Lake, it began to sleet;
2) to crowd, throng, rush; þá drífr ofan mannfjöldi mikill til strandar, a great crowd rushes down to the shore; dreif allt fólk á hans fund, all people crowded to see him; tóku menn þá at ~ brott frá hertoganum, men began to desert the duke; ~ yfir e-n, to befall, happen to one;
refl., láta yfir ~st (= ~ yfir sik), to yield, give in (rán ok útlegðir þeirra manna, er eigi létu yfir ~);
3) to perform; ~ leik, to play; en í annan stað á ek at ~ mikinn vanda, I am in a hard strait;
4) to besprinkle with (e-t e-u döggu drifinn).
II)
f. fall of snow, snowdrift (skotvápn flugu svá þykt sem ~).
u, f. a fall of snow, sleet; fjúk ok d., Bs. i. 185; veðr var þykt ok d., Fms. v. 341; skotvápn flugu svá þykt sem d., i. 45; um kveldit görði á drífu-él blautt, Orkn. 414; kom þá drífu-él mikit, ok var all-myrkt, Fms. ix. 23.
I)
(dríf; dreif, drifum; drifinn), v.
1) to drift, drive like spray or snow (þá drífr snær ór öllum áttum); fig. of missles, to shower, fly, like flakes of snow (láta ~ skot, vápn, á e-n); veðr var ~nda, there was a great snow-storm; esp. impers. with dat., dreif sandinn, the sand drifted; lauðri dreif á lypting útan, the spray drove over the poop; þegar dreif í Löginn krömmu, there fell wet snow in the Lake, it began to sleet;
2) to crowd, throng, rush; þá drífr ofan mannfjöldi mikill til strandar, a great crowd rushes down to the shore; dreif allt fólk á hans fund, all people crowded to see him; tóku menn þá at ~ brott frá hertoganum, men began to desert the duke; ~ yfir e-n, to befall, happen to one;
refl., láta yfir ~st (= ~ yfir sik), to yield, give in (rán ok útlegðir þeirra manna, er eigi létu yfir ~);
3) to perform; ~ leik, to play; en í annan stað á ek at ~ mikinn vanda, I am in a hard strait;
4) to besprinkle with (e-t e-u döggu drifinn).
II)
f. fall of snow, snowdrift (skotvápn flugu svá þykt sem ~).
pret. dreif, pl. drifu; pres. dríf; pret. subj. drifi; part. drifinn: [Ulf. dreiban = εκβάλλειν; A. S. drîfan; Engl. drive; O. H. G. triban; mod. Germ. treiben; Swed. drifva; Dan. drive, all in a transitive sense—to drive.]
I. to drive like spray, either pers. or impers., with dat. or even neut.; þá kemr áfall mikit … ok dreif yfir búlkann, Bs. i. 422; lauðri dreif á lypting útan, the spray drove over the poop, Fms. vi. (in a verse); hence metaph. phrases, láta yfir d., to let drift before wind and wave, Ísl. ii. 461: or even reflex., láta yfir (fyrir) drífask, to let drive or drift away, let go, give in; rán ok útlegðir þeirra manna er eigi létu fyrir drífask, Fb. i. 70; þat dugir á enga leið, at menn láti yfir drífask, Bs. ii. 51; ok er þó þat ráð, at láta eigi fyrir drífask, Karl. 386, 452: allit. phrase, drífa á dagana, e. g. mart hefir drifit á dagana, many things (splashes) have happened; drifinn döggu, besprent with dew, Vtkv. 5: naut., róa drífanda, to pull so that the spray splashes about, pull hard, Fms. viii. 263, 431: to drift, of a snow storm or the like, tré með drífandum kvistum, a tree with the branches full of snow. …
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n. a petty heap of peat or the like, hence metaph. dríldinn, adj. petty; dríldni, f. pettiness.
(drít; dreit, dritum; dritinn), v. to ease oneself (~ á e-n) öll ertu deigja, dritin, thou art altogether filthy.
pret. dreit, dritu, dritinn, to dirty, cacare; hann sögðu þeir dríta á alla þá er við hann áttu af hrópi sínu, Sturl. ii. 39: part. fem. dritin, dirty, Ls. 56.
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a, m. a drone, (cant word.)
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a, m. an ox, Edda (Gl.)
II. [Swed. drönare], a drone.
a. substantial, lasting, ample; verða drjúgari (drjúgastr), to get the better (best) of it; þú munt þeim öllum drjúgari verða, you will outdo them all, Baglar reðust at, ok varð þat drjúgara, at, the issue was, that.
adj., compar. drjúgari, superl. drjúgastr; in mod. use more freq. drýgri, drýgstr, solid, substantial; the phrase, verða drjúgari or drjúgastr, to get the better or best of it, to prove the better (of two champions); varð Þórir þeirra drjúgari, Bárð. 170; þú, Kári, munt þeim öllum drjúgari verða, thou, K., wilt outdo them all, Nj. 171; hvárir þar mundi drjúgari verða, Ld. 222; þótti þeim, sem hann myndi drjúgastr, Bárð. 170; hverr yðar drjúgastr (strongest) er höfðingjanna, Ísl. ii. 165, Grett. 151.
β. the neut. drjúgt and drjúgum is used as adv. in great numbers, much; Kolskeggr vá drjúgt menn, Kolskegg slew men in numbers, Nj. 108; þaðan af muntu d. spekjask, 677. 12; vegr Gunnarr drjugum menn, Nj. 96; lá þá drjúgum í fyrir þeim, Hrafn. 27: almost, nearly, drjúgum allr, almost all, Fms. ix. 318; drjúgum allra manna virðing, Bret. 38; drjúgum hverr bóndi, Landn. (Mant.) 330; drjúgum dauðr af kulda, Fms. ix. 467: drjúgan (acc. masc.) as adv., id., Fb. i. 304, Karl. 246, 181 (Fr.): the proverb, þat er drjúgt sem drýpr, i. e. many drops make a flood; þar var drjúgt manna, a good many people, Bs. …
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pp. substantial.
part. substantial, Sturl. i. 166.
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part. taking long to walk or pass, of a road, Lex. Poët.
a. self-important.
adj. wanton.
adv. with an air of importannce.
drýg-liga, adv. with an air of importance; láta d., Fms. ii. 145, Nj. 76.
a. ample.
adj. substantial, solid, Sks. 382.
a. long-winded in speaking.
adj. long-winded in speaking, Greg. 39: neut., Vígl. 24.
(drýp; draup, drupum; dropit), v.
1) to drip, to fall in drops (Þórólfr kvað smjör ~ af hverju stráfi);
2) to let in rain, be leaky (hlaðan draup þegar er snjárinn bráðnaði);
3) to droop with the head, = drúpa.
pret. draup, pl. drupu; subj. drypi; sup. dropit; pres. drýp; [Engl. drip; Germ. traufen; Dan. dryppe]:—to drip; blóð drýpr, Fms. x. 366; drupu þá ór blóðdropar, 625. 98; svá at bráðnaði ok draup, Edda 4: absol., þá sveittisk róðan helga, svá at draup á altarit ofan, Fms. viii. 247; Þórólfr kvað d. smjör af hverju strái, Landn. 31.
β. to let in rain, of houses or things not water-tight; öll hlaðan draup, Fms. ix. 234; ok tóku húsin at drjúpa, Gísl. 22.
m. = dirokkr.
m., one MS. wrongly dirokr, [cp. Dan. drog, Engl. drudge], a drudge, Edda (Gl.)
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að, [drjóli], Old Engl. to droil, i. e. loiter, (cant word.)
a. watertight.
adj. water-tight, Gþl. 331.
n. dripping place (from the eaves).
n. a dripping-place, from the eaves, Gþl. 433.
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n., í dropa-tali, in drops, drop by drop.
m. drop (regns ~).
a, m. [A. S. dropa; Engl. drop; Swed. droppe; Germ. tropfen; Dan. draabe], a drop, Ld. 328, H. E. i. 488.
COMPDS: dropalauss, droparúm, dropatal.
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f. [A. S. dreâs; Ulf. drus = πτωσις; Swed. drosse = a heap of corn; cp. also the Dan. drysse], dross, poët., in the compd álm-dros, the dross of the bow, the arrows, Lex. Poët.
m. the Lord’s day.
m. the Lord’s day, K. Þ. K. 68, Rb. 112, 655 iii, Sturl. iii. 37, 159, 226, Nj. 165; Drottinsdaga hald, hallowing the Lord’s day, Nj. 165; Dróttinsdags nótt, Saturday night, 194; Drottinsdaga veiðr, K. Þ. K. 85.
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n. Sunday evening, Fms. ix. 19.
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m. Sunday morning, Sturl. iii. 37.
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f. Sunday night, Fms, vii. 187.
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n. a future queen, Fas. iii. 456.
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m. a queen’s husband, a prince consort, Nj. 5, v. l.
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n. the title of queen, Fms. i. 101.
f. streak = drák.
f. (drogi, a, m., Edda (Ub.) 277), = drak, Rb. 478, 480; sásk dróg á himni björt sem tungl, Ann. 1334; blóð-dróg, a streak of blood, Thom. (Fr.)
2. a jade.
m. fetter; drepa ór dróma, to act with great vigour.
a, m. [cp. Swed, drum = thrums], the fetter by which the Fenrir (Wolf) was fettered, Edda 19; used in the phrase, keyra í droma, to tie ‘neck and heels;’ Drottinn í dróma keyrðr, Pass. 6. 10; keyrði hann saman í dróma, Úlf. 7. 134.
m. a kind of ship used in the Mediterranean.
m. a kind of ship of war (for. word), [Gr. δρόμων; mid. Lat. dromon; O. H. G. drahemond], Orkn. 358 sqq., Fms. vii. 3: a nickname, Grett.
f. poet. girl, maid.
f. [cp. Ital. druda = a sweetheart], poët. a girl; drósir heita þær er kyrlátar eru, Edda 108, Fas. iii. 618, Al. 70, 152.
f.
1) household, people; dyggvar ~ir, good, upright people; öll ~, all people;
2) the host of the king’s men, bodyguard of a king (~inn).
f.
I. the sill or beam above a door, also a door-post (dyra-drótt).
II. household, people, Vþm. 24, (inn-drótt, sal-drótt, Lex. Poët.); dyggvar dróttir, good, trusty people, Vsp. 63; dverga d., the dwarf-people, 9; d. Írskrar þjóðar, the Irish people; Engla d., English persons, etc., Lex. Poët.; öll drótt, all people, Hkv. 2. 48: twenty people make a drótt, Edda 108.
2. esp. the king’s body-guard; cp. Goth. ga-drauhts, by which word Ulf. renders the Gr. στρατιώτης (drjûgan, pret. drauh = στρατεύειν); A. S. dright; the Scandinavian drótt thus answers to the comitatus of Tacitus, Germ. ch. 13, 14, in the Saga time called ‘hirð.’ Drótt is obsolete in prose, but occurs in Hkr. Yngl. S. ch. 20,—áðr vóru þeir (viz. the kings) dróttnar kallaðir, en konur þeirra dróttningar, en drótt hirðsveitin: poët., víg-drótt, her-d., fólk-d., hjálm-d., etc., warriors.
III. a fem. pr. name, Yngl. S. ch. 20; cp. drós.
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að, d. e-u at e-m, to bring to one’s door-post, i. e. impute to one.
(a, pl. dróttnar), m.
1) lord, master; þræll eða ~, slave or master; dýrt er dróttins orð the master’s word is strong;
2) king, chief; áðr vóru þeir (viz. the kings) dróttnar kallaðir;
3) the Lord (guð ~ minn, ~ várr Jesus Kristr).
mod. drottinn, but in old poetry always rhymed with an ó, e. g. flóttstyggr—dróttni, Sighvat; dat. dróttni or drottni, pl. dróttnar or drottnar, etc.; [A. S. drighten; Hel. druhtin = dominus]:—the master of a ‘drótt’ or household, a lord, master: the proverb, dýrt er dróttins orð, e. g. strong is the master’s word, Bs. i. 484, Al. 128, Ld. 212; þræll eða d., Hom. 29; Josep fékk svá mikla virðing af dróttni sínum, 625. 16, Grág. ii. 86; þrjá dróttna átti hann í þessi herleiðingu, Fms. x. 224; eigi er þrællinn æðri enn dróttininn, Post. 656. 37, cp. John xv. 20; en þó eta hundar af molum þeim sem detta af borðum drottna þeirra, Matth. xv. 27; verit hlýðugir yðrum líkamligum drottnum, Ephes. vi. 5: in mod. usage this sense remains in prose in the compd lánar-dróttinn, q. v.
β. old name for a king, Hkr. Yngl. S. ch. 20 (vide drótt).
γ. as a name of heathen priests; þat eru díar kallaðir eðr dróttnar, Hkr. Yngl. S. ch. 2.
2. the Lord, which also is the standing phrase in mod. usage, in the Bible, sermons, hymns, ever since the Reformation; lofaðr sé Drottinn, Nj. …
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a. faithful to one’s master.
adj. faithful to one’s master, Fms. vi. 401.
a. without a master.
adj. without a master, Fms. iii. 13.
a. pertaining to Our Lord; dróttinlig bœn, the Lord’s Prayer.
adj. lord-like, of the Lord, Bs. i. 171, Stj.; Drottinleg bæn, the Lord’s Prayer, Mar., Hom. 26; d. dæmi, 656 A. 24.
n. pl. treason towards a lord or master.
n. pl. treason towards a lord or master, Hkr. ii. 132, Sks. 571, Hom. 23 (Judas).
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(-sviki), a, m. a traitor to his master, Nj. 260, K. Á. 60.
(að), v. to rule, govern; ~ yfir e-u, to rule over; with dat. (þó lætr hann þat eigi ~ huga sínum).
or drottna, að, [Ulf. drauhtinôn = στρατεύεσθαι], to rule, govern, hold sway; d. yfir e-m, to rule over one, Stj. 396, Fms. viii. 242: with dat., þó lætr hann þat eigi d. huga sínum, Greg. 33; at oss drottni eigi dauði síðan, Niðrst. 8; fyllit jörðina, stjórnit henni ok drottnið, Stj. 21.
f. sway, rule (~ alls heims).
or drottnan, f. sway, rule, 625. 5, Stj. 20, H. E. i. 502; drottnunar-gjarn, adj. ambitious; drottnunar-girni, f. ambition.
m. ruler.
a, m. a ruler, Stj. 20.
f.
1) mistress;
þræll sá, er vegr at dróttni (master) sínum eða ~u (mistress);
2) queen;
3) princess.
and drottning, f.
1. a mistress, Clem. 129 (Unger); þræll sá er vegr at dróttni (master) sínum eðr dróttningu (mistress), Grág. ii. 86 (vide above); ef þræll verðr sekr skógarmaðr um víg dróttins síns eðr dróttningar, 161; drottning hans girntisk hann, Ver. 16. Gen. xxxix. 7; this sense is quite obsolete except in old law phrases and translations.
2. a queen, common to all Scandinavians, Swed. drotning, Dan. dronning, whereas drottinn = king is obsolete, Hkr. Yngl. S. ch. 20, Fms. i. 99, vi. 439, Sks. 468; the instances are endless.
COMPDS: drottningarefni, drottningarmaðr, drottningarnafn.
a. in the heroic or court metre (~ háttr).
adj. (-kvæði, n.), in the heroic metre, the metre used in the drápas (q. v.) or poems which were recited before a king and the king’s men (drótt), whence the name probably comes; dróttkvæðr is opp. to kviðu-háttr, the epic, narrative metre, and ljóða-háttr, the metre of didactic poems or poems in the form of dialogues, Edda (Ht.)
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f. adj. beloved by the household, gentle, epithet of a queen, Am. 10.
m. pl. people, men.
m. pl. men, people, Vþm. 11, 12.
m. a steward at the king’s table.
a, m. a steward at the king’s table; this word occurs in various forms throughout the Saxon parts of Germany, Holland, Belgium, Friesland, Brabant, etc. Du Cange records a ‘drossardus Brabantiae;’ it is in mid. Lat. spelt drossatus, Germ. and Saxon drost, land-drost, reichs-drost (drozerus regni), Fris. drusta, vide Grimm; the Dutch prefer the form drossardus: in the court of the king of Norway the office of dróttseti is not heard of before the beginning of the 12th century (the passage Bs. i. 37 is monkish and of late composition), and is there a kind of head-cook or steward at the king’s table, who was to be elected from the king’s skutilsveinar; d. spurði hvat til matar skyldi búa, the d. asked the king what meat they should dress, Fms. vii. 159 (about A. D. 1125), ix. 249, x. 147; d. ok skenkjari, N. G. L. ii. 413, 415; cp. also Hirðskrá (N. G. L. l. c.) ch. 26, Fms. x. 100 refers to the drost of the German emperor. In the 14th century the dróttseti became a high officer in Sweden and Denmark. The derivation from drótt and seti (seti can only mean a sitter, not one who makes to sit, cp. land-seti, a land-sitter, a tenant) is dubious; …
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(að), v. to be drowned.
að, [drukkinn, drekka], to be drowned, Nj. 59.
f. death by drowning.
f. being drowned, death by drowning, Ld. 58, Orkn. 246, Ann. 1260, 1026.
m. log of wood.
m. a log of dry or rotten wood, Fms. viii. 184; drumba, u, f. a cognom., Rm.
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a, m., medic. heaviness, fulness in the head, drunga-legr, adj.
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f. pl. [drynja], a rattling, thundering, Dan. drön.
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u, f. a coarse, vulgar, common ditty, (mod.)
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a, m. a drone; þú d. (αφρων), 1 Cor. xv. 36.
(-ta, -t), v. to droop, from sorrow (svá drúpir nú Danmörk, sem dauðr sé Knútr sonr minn);
drúpir örn yfir, the eagle hovers over (it).
t or ð, to droop (from sorrow), different from drjúpa, to drip; drúpa is in Icel. an almost obsolete word, in old poets and writers esp. used in a metaph. sense; at the death of a dear person, the country, hills, mountains are said to droop; svá drúpir nú Danmörk, sem dauðr sé Knútr sonr minn. Fms. i. 118; svá þótti drúpa Ísland eptir fráfall Gizurar biskups, sem Rómaborgar ríki eptir fráfall Gregorii páfa, Bs. i. 71; Ari prestr hinn Fróði segir hve mjök várt land drúpði eptir fráfall Gizurar biskups, 145; staðrinn í Skálholti drúpti mjök eptir fráfall hins sæla Þorláks biskups, 301; drúpir Höfði dauðr er þengill, hlæja hlíðar við Hallsteini, Landn. 224 (in a verse): hnípði dróitt ok drúpði fold, Lex. Poët.; drúpir örn yfir, Gm. 10; Vinga meiðr (the gallows) drúpir á nesi, Hlt.; en Skæreið í Skírings-sal of brynjálfs beinum drúpir, Ýt. 22; hans mun dráp um drúpa, dýrmennis mér kenna, Sighvat; knáttu hvarms af harmi hnúpgnípur mer d., my head drooped from grief, Eg. (in a verse); drúpðu dólgárar, the swords drooped (to drink blood), Hkm. 2: in mod. usage drjúpa and drúpa are confounded, aví, hve má eg aumr þræll, angraðr niðr drjúpa, Pass. 41. …
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m. drooping spirits, coldness.
m. drooping spirits, coldness; ok þó at þar hefði orðit nokkurr d. með þeim, þá …, Fms. xi. 76.
f.
1) drinking; sitja einn við drykkju, to sit alone drinking; taka til drykkju, to begin drinking (tóku menn til drylkju um kveldit); þreyta drykkju við e-n, to contend in drinking with one;
2) drink, beverage, = drykkr (byrla e-m drykkju);
3) drinking-bout, banquet (~ skyldi vera at hvárratveggja);
4) drinking-cup (rare).
1. u, f. [drukkinn]
1. a drinking-bout, carousal, banquet; sitja við drykkiu, Eg. 88; var veizla hin bezta, ok d. mikil inni í stofunni, 205; at þeim veizlum er drykkjur vóru, Bs. i. 394; matmála í milli ef eigi vóru alþýðu-drykkjur, a public banquet, l. c.; göra d., to make a banquet, Og. 27; þá var ár mikit ok drykkjur miklar, Ó. H. 71; þar var öl-d. ok fast drukkit. Eb. 184, cp. Flóam. S. ch. 2; taka til drykkju, to take to drinking, Fms. ii. 266; drykkja (banquet) skyldi vera at hvárratveggia, Gísl. 27; tóku menn til drykkju um kveldit, 28; hafa sam-d., to have a carouse, Grett. ch. 8; Jóla boð ok sam-drykkjur, Ó. H. ch. 95, cp. 33, 34, 131, Eg. ch. 11, 44; á-drykkia, q. v., Har. S. Harðr. ch. 23, Fms. vii. 203, cp. Orkn. ch. 33, 34, 70, 101, 104, Sverr. S. ch. 36, 98, 103, 104, Fagrsk. ch. 11, 219, 220: the ancients drank hard, ‘diem noctemque continuare potando nulli probrum,’ Tac. Germ. ch. 11: with kings the drinking (dag-drykkia, q. v.) began immediately after the day-meal, vide the rcferences above; the words of Tacitus, ‘tum (viz. after breakfast) ad negotia, nec minus saepe ad convivia, procedunt armati,’ l. …
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m. drinking-cup.
a, m. a drinking-bowl, Mart. J19.
n. pl. drinkables.
n. pl. drinkables.
n. drinking-horn.
n. a drinking-horn, Fr.
n. drinking-vessel.
n. a drinking-cup, Greg. 50, Sks. 725, Stj. 486.
m. drinking-cheer.
m. drinking cheer, Vm. 56.
n. drinking-table (sitja yfir ~um).
n. a drinking-table, Fms. xi. 2.
n. pl. = drykkjarföng.
n. pl. drinkables, Sturl. iii. 289.
a. sober.
adj. sober, Bs. i. 275.
m. drinker (lítill, mikill ~).
m. a great drinker, Fms. vii. 175, viii. 238, Edda 32.
n. time of drinking.
n. drinking at meal time, Anal. 195, Fas. ii. 266.
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m. a drunkard.
m. (hard) drinking.
m. hard drinking, drunkenness, Fms. iii. 191, Ann. 1389.
m. drinking-hall.
a, m. a banquet hall, Orkn. 244, Fms. i. 299.
f. = drykkjuskáli.
u, f. = drykkjuskáli. Fms. vii. 147, Eg. 553.
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m. a drinking-can, Bs. i. 877.
(-jar, -ir), m.
1) drink, drinking; sitja at (yfir) drykk, to sit drinking; hvat hafa Einherjar at drykk, what kind of drink have the E.;
2) drought; þreyta á drykkinn, to take a deep draught; drekka í tveimr, þremr, drykkjum, to drain in two, three draughts.
jar, m., pl. ir, [A. S. drinc; Engl. drink; Germ. trunk; Dan. drik]:—drink, beverage, Fms. xi. 108, 233; eiga drykk ok sess við e-n, Eg. 95: a draught, Edda 32, 48; hvat hafa Einherjar at drykk? 24; vatns-d., a draught of water, id.; svala-d., þorsta-d., a thirst-draught; muntu nú eigi sparask til eins drykkjar, one draught more, 32; þreyta á drykkinn, to take a deep draught, id.; drekka í tveimr, þremr … drykkjum, to drain in two, three … draughts, id.; undarliga mundi mér þykkja ef þvílíkir drykkir væri svá litlir kallaðir, id.
β. sour whey, proncd. drukkr, Krók. 64; freq. in western Icel.
COMPDS: drykkjarbolli, drykkjarföng, drykkjarhorn, drykkjarker, drykkjarkostr.
a. n., hafa ~, to be short of drink.
n. adj. short of drink, Hkr. iii. 117.
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adj., Skíða R. 65; in the phrase, drykklanga stund, just a moment, a measure of time whilst one drinks a draught.
a. without drink.
adj. (-leysi, f.), without drink, Bs. i. 822, Finnb. 234, K. Á. 34.
a. lucky in drink.
adj. lucky in drink or brewing, Bs. 108.
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m. a nickname, Fms. i; drylla, u, f., Snót 184; also spelt with u, proluvies alvi, (vulgar.)
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u, f. a kind of stockings (?), Art. (Parcevals S.)
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drundi, pres. dryn, to roar. This root word is common to Goth., Scandin., Fris., and Dutch; for Ulf. drunjus = φθόγγος, Róm. x. 18, is a sufficient proof; in Swed. we have dröna, and drön neut.; Dan. dröne and drön; Dutch dreunen; North. E. to drone, as a cow; Fris. dröne; the mod. High Germ. dröhnen was, in the 17th century, borrowed from Low Germ. In old Icel. no instance happens to be on record, except dryn-rann in Gsp. 23, Fas. i. 480; in mod. usage it is freq. enough, and the absence in old writers seems to be accidental; draugr dimmr og magr, drundi í björgum undir, Snót 226, a ditty by Stefan Olafsson; drynja and dynja are different in sense, drynja denotes roaring, dynja crushing; þá heyrði hilmir hátt við kletta drafnar drynja dunur þungar, of the roaring surf, Od. (poët.) v. 401.
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m. pl. [Dan. and Swed. drön], roaring; drunur, f., vide above.
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n., poet. ‘the roaring inn of drink,’ a drinking-horn, Fas. l. c.
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dusil-, a term of contempt, paltry, in the COMPDS drysil-djöfull, m. a petty, paltry devil, devilkin, Fms. iii. 201, in the amusing ghost story, opp. to the big inmates of hell. drysil-hross (spelt dusil-), n. n paltry horse, Ísl. iii. 333. drysil-menni, n. a paltry, petty man, Edda (Gl.)
(-ða, -ðr), v.
1) to commit, perpetrate, carry out, practice (~ synd, hórdóm, munuðlífi); ~ vilja es, to compily with one’s wishes; ~ hlýðni við en, to obey one;
2) to make to go far, eke out (dróttinn drýgði svá þær vistir, at þær, etc.); hvat þarf þetta orðum ~ (to expatiate on)?.
ð, [drjúgr; A. S. dreógan = to endure; North. E. and Scot. to dree = to endure, suffer]:—to commit, perpetrate, mostly in a bad sense; d. synd, to commit a sin, K. Á. 202; d. glæp, id.; d. hórdóm, to commit whoredom, Sks. 340; þú skalt ekki hórdóm d., thou shall not commit whoredom; d. misræðu við konu, id., Grág. i. 338; d. hernað, to pirate, ii. 70; d. ílsku, Orkn. 32: it is a standing phrase in eccl. or sacred writers, N. T., Pass., Vidal.: in a good sense only in a few phrases as the allit., d. dáð, Sturl. iii. 7; or in poets or bad old prose; orlög d., A. S. orlig dreogan (cp. the North. E. to dree one’s weird = to abide one’s fate), to try one’s luck, Vkv. i, cp. also the Germ. tales, in die welt gehen; d. hlýðni, Sks. 675; d. mannliga náttúru, to pay the debt of nature, 447; d. e-s vilja, to comply with one’s wishes, Bær. 14,—the last three passages are bad prose.
β. to make to keep longer, to lengthen, Bs. ii. 173, Bb. 3. 30.
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adj. that which can be pulled against.
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n. adj. [from draumr ?], slowly, Ósv.
m. a petty drápa.
m., dimin. [drápa], a paltry drápa, Hkr. ii. 82, Fms. xi. 204.
a. who may be killed with impunity.
adj. who may be killed with impunity, N. G. L. i. 82, Grág. i. 92, Nj. 111.
f. idle talk, twaddle.
u, f. = drusla.
(gen. drafnar, pl. drafnir), f. poet. billow.
f., gen. drafnar, pl. drafnir, [akin to drefiar], spots, spray-like spots; hence dröfnóttr, adj. spotted; rauð-d., blá-d., etc., red-, blue-spotted; poët. the foaming sea is called drëfn, Fdda.
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að, to roam about; cp. drasill, drösall.
m. lubber (rare).
m., dat. dretti, [draga], a scamp; ellegar skal ek, inn digri dröttr, dubba þik svá svíði, Skíða R. 60.
(að), v.
1) to equip, arm (Saul ~r nú David með sjálfs sins herklæðum); ~ en upp, to attire one in full dress; ~ sik, to trim oneself;
2) ~ en til riddara, to dub one a knight.
(dybba), að, (for. word), to dub a knight; nú hefir þú dybbat mik til riddara, Bær. 5, 18, Fms. x. 109, Karl. 193: to arm, dress, Stj. 464. 1 Sam. xvii. 38; upp dubbaðr, dressed in full dress, Finnb. 226; d. sik, to trim oneself, Fms. vi. 208.
f. dubbing a knight.
f. dubbing a knight, Karl. 222.
n. game at dice, gambling.
(dufl), n. double, Alg. 366 (mathem.)
β. gambling, Gþl. 521, Grett. (in a verse).
II. naut. a buoy.
(að), v. to gamble.
dufla, að, [dubla = a coin, Du Cange], to gamble, Gþl. 521; dublari, a, m. a gambler, Róm. 161.
(-ða, -at), v.
1) to help, aid, support, with dat.;
~ e-m at or við, to succour, lend help (Gísli fór at ~ þeim við);
2) to do, suffice;
þat er þér man ~, which will do for thee;
hefir oss þó dugat þessi átrúnaðr, this faith has served us very well;
fátt er svá illt at einugi dugi, few things are utterly useless;
mun þér eigi þat ~ at sofa hér, it will not do (is not safe) for thee to sleep here;
3) absol., to show prowess, do good service;
dugði hverr sem hann mátti, every one did his best;
4) to suffice, be strong enough;
ef þitt œði dugir, if thy wit suffices;
ef vitni duga, if the witnesses fail not.
pret. dugði; pres. dugi; sup. dugat; imperat. dugi þú, mod. dugðu; [A. S. dugan; Scot. and North. E. to dow; O. H. G. tûgan; Germ. taugen: Dan. due; Swed. duga; Engl. do, in phrases such as, that will do]:—to help, aid, with dat.; dugi þú mér Hvíta-Kristr, Fs. 101; d. frændum sínum, Post. 658 C. 19; ok vill eigi d. henni, will not support her, Grág. i. 368; hann dugði heiðnum mönnum, 655 iii. 4: with the notion to do, suffice, þat er þér man d., which will do for thee, Nj. 13; hefir oss þó dugat þessi átrúnaðr, this faith has done well for us, Fms. i. 34; mun þat d. mínum hesti, it will do for my horse, Mag.: the proverb, fátt er svá illt at einu-gi dugi, cp. the Engl. ‘’tis an ill wind that blows nobody good,’ Al. 46, Hm. 134; mun þér eigi þat d. at sofa hér, it will not do (is not safe) for thee to sleep here, Fms. v. 307: adding prepp. við, at, til, to succour, lend help, en Gísli fór at d. þeim við, Gísl. 22; d. þeir nú at þeim mönnum er lífs var van, Finnb. 316, cp. at-dugnaðr; hón dugir eigi verr til enn einhverr karlmaðr, Fb. i. 533: impers., e-m dugir e-t, it does well, beseems, becomes; …
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pr. p. doughty (~ maðr).
or dugandis-, as a prefix to nouns, denoting doughty; d. maðr (dugand-maðr, Fms. viii. 104), a doughty man, Dipl. i. 3, Orkn. 456, Rd. 260, Róm. 137.
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adj. doughty, Ýt. 15.
f. a useless fellow.
u, f. a ‘dogger,’ small (Dutch or Engl.) fishing vessel, Ann. 1413, where it is reported that thirty English ‘fiski-duggur’ came fishing about Icel. that summer; (hence the Engl. Dogger-bank):—duggari, a, m. the crew of a dugga, D. N. ii. 651.
2. a lazy dogged fellow, Edda (GL), Trist. (Fr.)
m.
1) helper, help in need;
2) = dugandi maðr.
m. an aider, help in need, 656 A, Fms. vi. 118, Fas. iii. 181: a honest hard-working man (mod.)
m. path of virtue.
m. the path of virtue, Hom. 14.
(gen. -ar), m.
1) aid, assistance; veita em dugnað, to give help to one;
2) virtue.
ar, m. doughtiness, valour, aid, assistance; biðja e-n sér dugnaðar, to ask one’s help, 655 v. 1, Ísl. ii. 262, 293; veita e-m dugnað, to give help to one, Fms. v. 259: skyrtunnar d., the virtue of the kirtle, Fas. iii. 441: in pl., Greg.
COMPDS: dugnaðarmaðr, dugnaðarstigr.
m. doughtiness, strength of soul or body (aldri er ~ í þér).
m. pl. ir, [North. E. dow], doughtiness, strength of soul and body, Fms. viii. 411; aldri er d. í þér, thou art good for nothing, Grett. 24 new Ed.
a. good for nothing.
adj. (-leysi, n.), good for nothing, Þórð. 47 (Ed, 1847).
f.
1) concealment; drepa, draga ~ á et, to conceal; með ~, secretly;
2) self-conceit; ~ á vil, pride and wilfulness; ætla sér þá ~, to be so conceited; draga ~ á sik, to think a great deal of oneself; ganga fram í ~, to go on in one’s conceit.
f. [dylja].
I. prop. concealment, in phrases, með dul, secretly, Bárð. 168; drepa dul á e-t, to conceal, Hkr. ii. 140; and in the COMPDS dular-búnaðr, m. a disguise, Fms. vi. 61; dular-kufl, m. a cloak used for a disguise, Grett. 139 A.
II. metaph. self-conceit, pride, in phrases as, dul ok vil, pride and wilfulness, Skálda 163, Sl. 34; ætla sér þá dul, to be so conceited, Finnb. 282; ætlask mikla dul, Fas. ii. 521; dul ok dramb, 655 xi. 3; mikinn dul (masc.), Þórð. MS. (wrongly): the phrase, ganga fram í dul, to go forth in one’s conceit, Hm. 78, (mod., ganga fram í þeirri dulunni): proverb, maðr verðr dælskr af dul, conceit makes an envious, moody man, Hm. 56; dul þín, Band. (MS.) 13.
(að), v. to deny (rare).
1. u, f. a worn strip of cloth.
2. ð, (cp. dylja), a law term, to deny, with gen., N. G. L. i. 93, 94, 330: with subj., Js. 77: absol., 83.
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u, f. a domino, hiding-mask, Post. 123.
m. conceit, self conceit.
m. = dul, Fr.
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adj. silent, close; the phrase, ganga duls e-s, to be unaware of a thing, Fms. v. 265.
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a, m., poët. a dwarf, Ýt. 2.
m. = dulareiðr.
and dular-eiðr, m. [Swed. duls-ed], a law term, an oath of denial, Gþl. 199, Js. 58.
m. a hood used for a disguise.
m. a disguise-hood, hood used for a disguise, Fms. x. 383; dró ek dulhött (MS. wrongly djarfhött) um dökkva skör, Ad. 3.
n. pl. = dularklæði.
n. disguise, Fas. ii. 441.
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a, m. = dulhöttr, (v. kofri.)
f. self conceit.
f. stubborn self-conceit, Sks. 5368. dul-ræna, u, f. id., v. 1.
a. self conceited.
adj. self-conceited, Stj. 122.
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n. a law term, secret manslaughter, = laun-víg, not so strong as murder, Gþl. 150.
f. dust, cloud of dust.
u, f. a mist; cp. the mod. dumbungr, m. a dark, misty, gloomy sky. dumbungs-veðr, m. gloomy weather. In the east of Icel. dumba is the bran of oats when ground, Fél. ii. 155; in Edda (Gl.) it is even mentioned as a sort of seed; hann (the wizard) hristi einn poka, ok þar ór fýkr ein dumba svört (black powder like mist) … blés þar ór vindi miklum móti dumbunni, svá at hon fauk aptr í augu á Gríms mönnum, svá þeir urðu þegar blindir, Fas. iii. 338. dumbr, m. id., also occurs as a name of a giant, the misty; the Polar Sea is called Dumbs-haf = the Misty, Foggy Sea, cp. Bárð. ch. 1; cp. also Gr. τυφος, τυφών, which probably are kindred words.
a. dumb, mute (gaf hann dumbum mál, en daufum heyrn);
adj. dumb; dauf ok dumba skurðgoð, Stj. 207, K. Á. 56.
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adj. of dark misty colour (of cows).
a. dumb, mute (gaf hann dumbum mál, en daufum heyrn);
~ stafr, a mute (letter).
adj. [Ulf. dumbs = κωφός; A. S. dumb; Engl. dumb; O. H. G. tumb; Germ. dum = stupid, whence Dan. dum; Gr. τυφλός and τυφος are kindred words, the fundamental notion being dusty, clouded]:—dumb, 656 C. 34; dumbir ok daufir, 623. 57: gramm. a mute letter, Skálda 176. In Norway dumine or domme means a peg inside doors or gates.
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adj. dark-red.
(að), v. to thump (rare).
að, [Ivar Aasen dump = a gust; Dan. dumpe], to thump, Lv. 81 (απ. λεγ.)
I)
(að), v. to boom, roar (dunar í skóginum).
II)
f. a rushing, thundering noise.
esp. pl. dunur, f. a rushing, thundering noise, Eb. 174, Fms. iii. 184; hence the Dan. tor-den, qs. Thor-dön, the din of Thor, i. e. thunder, supposed to be the noise of the god Thor in his wain.
I)
(að), v. to boom, roar (dunar í skóginum).
II)
f. a rushing, thundering noise.
að. (cp. dynja), to thunder, give a hollow rushing sound; dunar í skóginum, Edda 30; svá skal danzinn duna, Ísl. Þjóðs. (of dancing).
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að, to dally, Bb. i. 9.
m. band, gangs, drove (flyktust skarfarnir saman í einn dun).
m. a band, gang, drove; ganga í e-m duni, to march in one hand, Sturl. iii. 185 C; sauða-dunn, a drove of sheep, Sd. 164: a number of ten is called dunn, Edda 108.
f. the wild duck, mallard.
u, f. the wild duck, Edda (Gl.), cp. Engl. dun.
f. = dunhendr háttr.
u, f. (-hendr, adj.), a sort of metre, having four anadiploses, Edda (Ht.) 124, 128.
n. dust (verða at ~i).
m., better duft, [it properly means the powder of flowers or the like; so duft in Germ. means a sweet smell as from flowers; in old writers duft is rare, dust (q. v.) freq.; in mod. use dust is almost obsolete, and as these two words can hardly be distinguished in old MSS. (where ft and st look like one another), the transcribers have often substituted duft, where the old MS. has dust: again, dufta (a verb) is never used, but only dusta: duft is probably a foreign South-Teutonic word; the Swedish uses only the more homely sounding ånga, vide angi]:—powder; d. ok aska. Stj. 204, Sks. 211, Magn. 448: botan. pollen; dupt-beri, a, m. the stamen of a flower; dupt-knappr, m. the anther; dupt-þráðr, m. the filament, Hjalt.
from dyrr, door.
v. dyrr.
m. a court at the door of the defendant.
m., vide dómr.
n. = dyrigætti.
= dyrigætti.
m. = dyristafr.
= dyristafr.
f. door-post.
f. a door-post, N. G. L. i. 55.
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m. a door-frame. Grett. 114 A.
m. door-jamb.
m. a door-jamb, Sturl. i. 178.
m. door-keeper.
m. a door-keeper, Sks. 289.
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m. [dvergr], a sulky fellow.
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adj. sulky.
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adj. sulky, rude. durna-skapr, m., etc.
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m. a dwrarf, Ýt. 2: metaph. a sulky man.
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m. = durgr. durts-legr, adj. sulky, rude.
m. door-keeper.
m. a door-keeper, Eg. 409, Fms. ii. 160.
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v. drysil-.
(að), v. to be busy with trifling matters (Sveinki var þar ~ndi).
að, to bustle, be busy, Njarð. 368, (cant word.)
I)
n. dust (vér erum dust ok aska; verða at dusti).
II)
n. tilt (halt eitt ~ með mik).
n. [Dan. dyst; Swed. dust], a tilt; halt eitt d. með mik, Karl, 72; d. ok turniment, Fr.
I)
n. dust (vér erum dust ok aska; verða at dusti).
II)
n. tilt (halt eitt ~ með mik).
n. [A. S. dust; Engl. dust], dust, Fms. v. 82, 324, xi. 12, Stj. 336. Num. xxiii. 10, Greg. 98: flowers ground to dust, Pr. 471, 472, 474, 475.
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að, to dust.
(að), v. to run a tilt.
að, to tilt, fight, Bev. (Fr.)
m. grain of dust.
1. a, m. a grain of dust; engi d. saurs, 656 A. ii. 8.
2. a, m. = dust, Post. 22.
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m. pl. whimsies.
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adj. whimsical, (mod.)
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að, to swathe (in clothes).
from dýja.
a, m. swaddling clothes.
(gen. pl. dúfna), f.
1) dove, pigeon;
2) poet. wave.
u, f., gen. pl. dúfna; [Goth. dubo; A. S. duva; Engl. dove; Dan. due; Swed. dufva; O. H. G. tûba; Germ. taube]
1. a dove, Stj. 111, Hom. 57, 65, Al. 168: as a term of affection, my dove.
2. poët. a wave, one of the daughters of Ran, Edda.
COMPDS: dúfuligr, dúfunef, dúfuungi.
a. dovelike.
adj. dove-like, 655 xxxii. 7.
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n. a cognom. ‘dove-neb,’ dove-beak, Landn.
m. a young dove.
a, m. the young of a dove, Mar. 656, Stj. 317.
(að), v. to cover with a cloth (matsveinar fóru at ~ borð).
að, to cover with a cloth, Fas. iii. 187, 373.
(-s, -ar), m.
1) any cloth or textile fabric;
2) tablecloth;
3) towel, napkin.
m. [Engl. duck; Swed. duk; Dan. dug; Germ. tuch]:—any cloth or texture, Bárð. 160; vaðmáls-d., lín-d., etc., a cloak of wadmal, linen, etc.: a carpet, Fms. ix. 219: tapestry in a church, fimm dúka ok tvá þar í buna, annarr með rautt silki, Vm. 77, vide altaris-dúkr, 20: a neck-kerchief of a lady, dúkr á hálsi, Rm. 16.
β. a table-cloth (borð-dúkr); as to the ancient Scandin. custom of covering the table with a cloth, vide esp. Nj. ch. 117, Bs. i. 475, Guðm. S. ch. 43; and for still earlier times the old heathen poem Rm., where Móðir, the yeoman’s good-wife, covers the table with a ‘marked’ (i. e. stitched) white linen cloth, 28; whilst Edda, the old bondman’s good-wife, puts the food on an uncovered table (verse 4); by a mishap the transcriber of Ob. (the only MS. wherein this poem is preserved) has skipped over a verse in the second line of verse 17, so that we are unable to say how Amma, the husbandman’s good-wife, dressed her table: the proverb, eptir dúk og disk, i. e. post festum.
γ. a towel; at banquets a servant went round to the guests in turn bearing a basin and a towel on the shoulder, Lv. …
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adj. without a cloth, Pm. 108.
n. rags of a cloth.
n. rags of a d., Vm. 77.
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að, to make a dull sound, Fél. xiv. 78.
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m. = dykr, a dull sound.
2. the name of a farm in western Iceland.
m. down, bed of down (sofi hann á dúni).
(dýnn, Mart. 126), m. [Dutch dune; Engl. down; Swed. and Dan. dun; Germ. daun is prob. of Saxon or Dutch origin, as the d remains unchanged]:—down; taka dún ok dýna, N. G. L. i. 334; esp. used of bedclothes of down; the word occurs in the old heathen poem Gs., soft hann á dúni, 5; blautasti d., Mart. l. c.; á duni ok á guðvefi, Fms. x. 379; vöttu (pillows) duns fulla, a verse of Hornklofi. In Icel. ‘dún’ is chiefly used of eider-down, which word is undoubtedly of Icel. origin, Fr. édre-don, Germ. eder-don or eider-daun; the syllable er is the Icel. gen. æðar-dún, from nom. æðr (the name of the eider duck), acc. æði, gen. æðar. The eider-down, now so important as an article of trade, is never mentioned in old Icel. writers or laws; they only speak of the eggs (egg-ver). The English, during their trade with Icel. in the 15th century, seem first to have brought the name and article into foreign markets. At first it was bought in a rough state; Bogi Benediktsson in Feðga-æfi II records that a certain Jón í Brokey (born 1584), after having been in England, was the first who taught the Icel. …
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n. a bed of down.
m. a bed of down-clothes, D. N. (Fr.)
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f. a frame whereon to clean eider-down.
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n. a pillow or bolster of down, D. N.
n. pl. bedclothes of eiderdown.
n. pl. bedclothes of eider-down, Js. 78, Sturl. iii. 108, Bs. i. 802.
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u, f. gathering eider-down.
(að), v. to nap, lake a nap.
að, to nap, Skálda 163.
m. nap, slumber.
m. a nap, slumber, Hom. 116, O. H. L. 80: in mod. usage in such phrases as, milli dúra; sofa góðan, væran, dúr.
n. lull, dead calm; opt kemr œðiregn ór ~i, a lull is often followed by a heavy shower.
(dos, Björn), n. [Norse duus], a lull, dead calm, in the proverb, opt kömr æðiregn ór dúsi, a lull is often followed by a heavy shower, Eb. (in a verse).
(að), v. to quake (jörð ~ði).
1. u, f. a sugar-teat for babies to suck.
2. að, prob. to doze, Og. 18; hví samir hitt at dúsa hirðmanni geðstirðum. Fms. vii. (in a verse); flestir urðu at dúsa, Skíða R. 173: so in mod. usage, láttú hann dúsa, let him alone.
I)
(að), v. to delay, put off, with acc. (muna Helgi hjörþing ~); with dat.; ef ér dvalið ferðinni, if you put off the journey.
II)
f.
1) a long stay;
2) delay.
1. u, f. [Dan. dvale], = dvöl, Fr.
2. að, to delay, with dat.; at dvala ekki förinni, Fms. xi. 2J; ef ér dvalit ferðinni, 115; dvalar hann ekki brotferðinni, Fb. ii. 147; muna nú Helgi hjörþing (hjörþingi or -þingum, better) dvala, Hkv. 1. 49: with infin., Kjartan bað þá ekki dvala, Ld. 176.
a. causing delay;
e-m verðr dvalsamt, one is delayed.
adj. dilatory, Stj. 122; e-m verðr dvalsamt, one is delayed, Greg. 80, Fbr. 136.
(dvel, dvalda, dvaldr or dvalinn), v.
1) to delay; ~ för es, to delay one’s journey; ~ ferð sína, to put off one’s (own) journey; ~ dóm, to defer judgement; ~ ráð fyrir konu, to put off a woman’s marriage; gátu þeir hann eptir dvalit, they managed to keep him back; ~ en frá e-u, to keep one from doing a thing; absol., dvaldi þat fyrir ferð þeirra, it delayed their journey;
2) = ~st, to tarry (ok vildu eigi ~ ok eigi biða Ólafs konungs); dvel eigi, tarry not!, make haste!;
3) with acc. of time, to wait, stay (konungr dvaldi mestan hluta sumars á Hálogalandi); ~ stund es, to hold one up; ~ af stundir, to kill the time;
4) refl., ~st, to stay, make a stay (dvaldist þar um hríð); sá dagr mun ~, that day will be long in coming; ~ munu stundirnar áðr en sagt er allt þat, er ek veit, it will lake many hours, it will be a long time before all is told; ef þat delst, at ek koma eigi hingat, I should be hindered from coming; impers., dvaldist þeim þar lengi, they made a long stay there; dvaldist þeim þar at því, in (doing) that they lost much time.
dvaldi, dvalði; pres. dvel; part. dvalðr, dvalinn; sup. dvalit: [A. S. dveljan; Engl. dwell; O. H. G. tvelan; Swed. dväljas; Dan. dvæle]:—to ‘dwell,’ delay, with acc.; d. för, ferð, to keep back, delay, Grág. ii. 385, Ísl. ii. 266; því dvalða ek dauða þinn, Blas. 47; d. dóm (a law term), to defer judgment, Grág. i. 67; d. ráð fyrir konu, to put off a woman’s marriage, 307; at þat dveli garðlagit, ii. 332; gátu þeir hann eptir dvalit, they managed to keep him back, Fms. vii. 169; d. e-n frá e-u. to keep one from doing a thing, Jb. 380; dvelr mik engi hlutr, at ek geng ekki…, i. e. I will go at once, Fms. ii, 37: the proverb, mart um dvelr þann er um morgin sefr, Hm. 58: absol., dvaldi þat fyrir ferð þeirra, that caused delay, Njarð. 374.
2. in neut. sense = dveljask, to tarry, cp. Engl. to dwell on a thing; ok vildu eigi dvelja, ok eigi bíða Ólafs konungs, Fms. iv. 118.
3. with acc. of time, to wait, abide; konungr dvaldi mestan hluta sumars á Hálogalandi, Fms. iv. 233; d. af stundir, to kill time, Band. 8; d. stund e-s, to hold one up, Karl. …
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(-s, -ar), m.
1) dwarf (lágr ok digr sem ~);
2) one of the short pillars which support the beams and rafters in a house;
3) some kind of ornament (? a brooch) in a lady’s dress (sat þar kona … dúkr var á hálsi, dvergar á öxlum).
m. [A. S. dveorg; Engl. dwarf; Germ. (irreg.) zwerg; Swed. dverg]
α. a dwarf; about the genesis of the dwarfs vide Vsp. 6–16, Edda 9: in mod. Icel. lore dwarfs disappear, but remain in local names, as Dverga-steinn, cp. the Dwarfy Stone in Scott’s Pirate, and in several words and phrases: from the belief that the dwarfs lived in rocks, an echo is called dverg-mál, n. (-mali, m.), dwarf-talk, Al. 35, 37, Fas. iii. 369; and dverg-mála, að, to echo: from the skill of the dwarfs in metal-working, a skilful man is called dverg-hagr, adj. (skilled as a dwarf), or dvergr, a dwarf in his art; dverga-smíði, n. dwarf’s-work, i. e. all works of rare art, such as the famous or enchanted swords of antiquity, Hervar. S. ch. 2, Fas. i. 514, ii. 463–466 (Ásmund. S.), Gísl. 80: crystal and prismatic stones are in Norway called either dwarf’s-work or ‘dwarfy-stones,’ as people believe that they are worked out by the dwarfs in the depths of the earth: botan., dverga-sóleyg, f. ranunculus glacialis, Hjalt. …
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or dvina (in old writers even dvena), að, [North. E. dwyne], to dwindle, pine away; þá dvenar tómr maðr, Hom. 26; dvinar allr þroti (of a tumor), Sks. 235; lét hann eigi dvina kveðandina, Fms. v. 174; þaðan í frá sögðu menn at dvinaði liðveizla Sæmundar við Þorgrím, Sturl. i. 171; görir nú eigi at dvina við, it will not do to saunter, Karl. 380; dvina munda ek láta ferðina, I would let the travelling cease, Fs. 172; heit dvinuðu Heina, their bragging dwindled away, Lex. Poët. In early times this word was probably sounded with an i (short), which may be inferred from the form dvena; and the word was rather common, and occurs rarely. In later times it was ennobled by the frequent use made of it in Pass., and with altered inflexion, viz. an í throughout, the pres. indic. either strong, dvin, or weak, dvínar; thus, hér þegar mannlig hjálpin dvín, Pass. 44. 12; görvöll þá heimsins gleðin dvín, 41. 8; þá æfin lífsins dvín, 36. 10; but holds megn og kraptr dvínar, 44. 1; dvínar og dregst í hlé, 47. 4: infin., sjón og heyrn tekr að dvína, 41. 10.
I)
(gen. dvalar, pl. dvalar or dvalir), f.
1) short stay, stop; delay; eiga skamma dvöl, to make a short stay; meðan þessi ~ (pause) var; bera til dvala, to cause delay;
2) in prosody, quantity.
II)
n. pl. delay; svá at engi skulu ~ á vera, without delay; urðu ~ dœgra, her life was prolonged.
f., gen. dvalar, old pl. dvalar, mod. dvalir, [cp. ‘dwelling’ = delay, Engl. Ballads]
α. a short stay, stop; dvalir ok náttstaði, Stj. 294; eiga dvöl, to stop, Nj. 181; afhvarf manna ok dvalar (acc. pl.), Ld. 204; meðan þessi dvöl (pause) var, Fms. xi. 135: delay, iv. 179; bera til dvala, to cause delay, Fas. iii. 543:—used once as neut. pl., urðu dvöl dægra, Am. 102.
β. gramm. quantity, Skálda 175.
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or dyrðill, m. a nickname, seems to mean a tail, = mod. dindill, Fms. i. 186, ii. 253, 279; cp. daðra, to wheedle.
f.
1) probity, faithfulness: lið ok ~ (help and faithful service) góðs drengs; trúa em til dygðar um et, to trust in one’s integrity;
2) virtue, virtuous deed (fyirir þvílíkar dygðir veitti gúð honum sína miskunn);
3) help (biðið hann veita yðr ~);
4) virtue, good quality (þat tré hefir fjórar dygðir, þá fyrstu, at þat kann eigi fúna).
f. [A. S. duguð = doughtiness, valour; O. H. G. tugad; Germ. tugend; Swed. dygd; Dan. dyd]
α. virtue, probity, only used in a moral metaph. sense; the original sense (from duga, q. v.) of valour, strength, which prevails in the A. S., is quite obsolete; trúa e-m til dygðar um e-t, to trwst in one’s integrity, Fs. 121 (of a judge); fyrir sakir þinnar dygðar, probity, Fms. vi. 58; lið ok d. (help and faithful service) góðs drengs, 227; fyrir sína dygð, for his faithfulness, vii. 158.
β. in mod. eccl. writers the Lat. virtus is rendered by dygð, Vídal., Pass., etc.; ó-dygð, wickedness,
γ. virtue, of an inanimate thing, of a tree, Stj. 256.
COMPDS: dygðarlauss, dygðarleysi, dygðarmaðr, dygðarverk.
a.
1) devoid of virtues (laus grós);
2) wicked (var hann svá lauss, at).
adj. wicked, K. Á. 230: bad, 24.
n. faithlessness, wickedness.
n. faithlessness, wickedness, Stj. 487, Bs. i. 40.
m. trusty man.
m. a trusty man, Grett. 147 A.
n. virtuous action.
n. faithful work, Mar.: cp. dugr, dugnaðr.
a.
1) faithful, trusty (~ maðr);
2) efficacious (dygðugt oleum).
adj. ‘doughty,’ faithful, trusty; d. þjónusta, Fas. i. 90; d. maðr, Grett. 143 A, Th. 12: efficient, having virtue in them, of inanimate things, Stj. 99, 215.
β. in mod. eccl. writers, virtuous, good.
a. faithful, honest (dyggilig þjónosta).
adj. faithful, Stj. 198.
adv. = dyggiliga.
and dyggiliga, adv. faithfully, trustily, Stj. 9, 152, Fms. iii. 115, 138, Bs. i. 40.
(accus. dyggvan, rarely dyggan), a. faithful, trusty; dyggvar dróttir, worthy, good people.
adj., mostly with v if followed by a vowel, e. g. dyggvar, dyggvan, superl. dyggvastr, compar. dyggvari, but sometimes the v is dropped:—faithful, trusty; dyggvar dróttir, worthy, good people, Vsp. 63; d. ok trúr, Fms. x. 233; d. ok drengileg meðferð, vi. 96; dyggra ok dugandi manna, Stj. 121; enn dyggvasti hirðmaðr, Magn. 484; reynda ek hann enn dyggvasta í öllum hlutum, Fms. i. 69; dyggvastr ok drottin-hollastr, Hkr. iii. 150; but dyggastr, Fms. vi. 401, l. c.; ú-dyggr, faithless: in mod. usage esp. as epithet of a faithful servant, d. þjón, dygt hjú; ódyggt hjú, a bad servant, etc.: of inanimate things, dyggir ávextir, Stj. 234.
m. faithfulness, probity.
m. faithfulness, H. E. ii. 66, Fms. viii. 29.
(pl. dykir), m. a crashing noise; varð af því ~ mikill, It gave a great crash.
(mod. dynkr, with an inserted n), m. a cracking, snapping noise; varð af því d. mikill, it gave a great crack, Grett. 96 A, cp. new Ed.; heyrðu þeir dyki mikla, Bárð. 32 new Ed.; mikill dykr, Al. 76; dunur ok dynki, Fas. iii. 412 (paper MS.); varð þat svá mikill dykr, sem nauts-búk flegnum væri kastað niðr á gólfit, Eb. 220 (new Ed. 78); dynkr, Grett. 178 new Ed.
f. pl. suppressed enmity (vóru ~ miklar með þeim).
f. pl. [dólgr], suppressed enmity, finding vent in menaces, hootings, and the like; vóru þá dylgjur miklar með þeim, Eb. 22; nú eru dylgjur miklar þat er eptir var þingsins, Band. 13; vóru þá dylgjur miklar millum þeirra allra, Sturl. i. 196.
(dyl; dulda; duldr, duliðr, dulinn), v.
1) to keep (one) in ignorance of a thing;
~ e-n e-s (eigi skalt þú þat gera at ~ þik sjálfan sanninda);
~ e-s, to conceal, deny, disavow, Þórir dylr þess ekki, Thor does not deny it;
Eysteinn duldi þeirra orða fyrir sik, E. professed that he had never said any stuch thing;
allir duldu, at né eitt vissi til Hrapps, all pretended ignorance about Hrapp;
vera, ganga, duldr (duliðr, dulinn) e-s, to be unaware of, to be kept in ignorance of (hefir hon verit alls þessa duld; veit engi ætt mína ok ganga þess allir duldir);
dulið (dulin) ertu, Hyndla, H., thou art mistaken (deceived);
duliðr (dulinn) at e-m, mistaken about one;
2) refl., ~st, to conceal (hide) oneself;
at þat sé flugumenn ok vili ~st (disguise themselves) undir munka búnaði;
~st í e-u, to conceal a thing from oneself, be ignorant of = ganga duldr e-s (Eiríkr konungr þarf nú ekki at ~ í því, at);
~st við e-t, to refuse to acknowledge, to ignore;
trúit þessu eigi, meðan þér megit ~st, as long as you can ignore it, till you get full evidence;
en Sveinn duldist við þat, but S. shrank from believing it.
pret. duldi and dulði, part. duldr, duliðr, Fms. ii. 97; dulinn, Fb. i. 11 (Hdl. 7), Fs. 97 (MS. Arna-Magn. no. 132); [Swed. dölja; Dan. dölge]
I. to conceal, hide, with acc. of the person, gen. of the thing concealed; d. e-s, to disavow, deny, dissemble; ætla ek því alla (þá varla ?) kunna at dylja þessa ráða, they can hardly deny it, Eg. 49; Þórir dylr þess ekki, 173; Eysteinn duldi ok þeirra orða fyrir sik, E. said he had never said such a thing, Fms. ix. 329; þó duldu þeir ekki illvirkja sinna, they denied not their guilt, confessed it, Sks. 583: with following subj., en allir duldu at né eitt vissi til Hrapps, all dissembled, Nj. 133; en ef umboðsmaðr dylr (disavows), at hann hafi við umboði tekið, Gþl. 375.
II. reflex. to conceal, hide oneself; ok kendi brátt … þó at hann dyldisk, Fms. ii. 173; ok fékk hann svá dulzk fyrir honum, at eigi vissi jarl …, he hid himself (his thoughts) so well, that …, viii. 16; at þat sé flugumenn, ok vili dyljask (disguise themselves) undir múnka búnaði, vi. 188.
2. metaph., d. við e-t, to conceal for oneself; …
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d, [Dan. dulme]; d. yfir e-t, to be careless or indifferent about a thing, Fr.; dylminn, part. careless, indifferent, Stj. 122.
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m. a veil, B. K. 83.
m. pl. the three days before Easter.
m. pl. the ‘dumb-bell days,’ i. e. the three days before Easter; hence dymbildaga-vika, u, f. [Swed. dymmel-vecka; Dan. dimmel-uge], Passion week, Bs. i. 71, Fms. x. 72, H. E. i. 491, Sturl. i. 25; during the dymbildagar the bells in Icel. were rung with a wooden tongue called dymbill, m.; a dymbill is often mentioned among the inventories of Icel. churches of the 14th century, e. g. kirkja á dymbil, Vm. 47, 51: it is, however, likely that the word dymbill itself is simply derived from the Engl. dumb-bell, as in the Roman church the bells were dumb or muffled in the Passion week: Björn (Lex.) mentions that in the century before his time people used to strike the time to a dance with the dymbill. It was also an old Icel. custom that the father of a house inflicted a general chastisement on his children and household on Good Friday for the sins of the past year, gently or strongly as they had been obedient or not; hence the popular phrase, líðr að dimbildögum, or koma dymbildagar, = the dimmel-days are nigh, i. e. the day of reckoning will surely come; cp. H. E. iv. 180, 181 (note).
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f. the three nights next before Easter, Vm. 144.
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adj. = dunhendr, Bs. ii. 103 (in a verse).
f. a lady’s bower (brúðrin sat í dyngju sinni uni daginn).
u, f.
1. a lady’s bower, in old Icel. dwellings, Eg. 159, Nj. 66, Bjarn. 68, Rd. 270, Korm. 10, Fs. 88, Gísl. 15; in those passages it is different from ‘stofa,’ and seems to have been a detached apartment: [as to the root, cp. A. S. dyng, O. H. G. tunc, Engl. dungeon;—the common sense prob. being that both the bower and the dungeon were secluded chambers in the inner part of the house or castle]:—Trolla-dyngjur, a mountain in Icel., a bower of giantesses.
2. a heap, dung, Dan. dynge, (mod.)
(dyn, dunda, dunit), v.
1) to boom, resound (fram reið Óðinn, foldvegr dundi);
2) to gush, shower, pour;
blóð dynr ór sárum es, blood gushes out of his wounds;
dundi ákaft regn ór lopti, the rain poured down in streams;
dundu á þá (or þeim) vápnin, spjótin, the weapons (spears) showered upon them.
dundi; pres. dyn, dunið; [cp. A. S. dynnan; Engl. din; the Icel. word is irregular in regard to the interchange of consonants; for the Lat. tonare, Engl. thunder, Germ. donner would properly answer to Icel. þynja, a word which does not exist]:—to gush, shower, pour, of rain, with the additional notion of sound; dundi ákaft regn ór lopti, Stj. 594. 1 Kings xviii. 45; of blood, blóð er dundi or sárum Drottins, 656 A. I. 31, Pass. 23. 3: dundi þá blóðit um hann allan, Nj. 176: of air quivering and earth quaking, Haustl. 14. Vtkv. 3: of rain and storm, steypi-dögg görði, ok vatnsflóðið kom, og vindar blésu og dundu á húsinu, Matth. vii. 25, 27; dynjandi logi, Ýt. 6, Mar.
2. metaph. to pour, shower, like hail; Otkell lætr þegar d. stefnuna, O. let the summons shower down, Nj. 176: of weapons, dundu á þá vápnin, the weapons showered upon them, Fms. viii. 126; spjótin dundu á þeim, xi. 334: the phrase, dynja á, of misfortune; eigi var mér ván, at skjótara mundi á dynja, vii. 125; hvat sem á dynr, whatever so happens.
3. metaph. also of men, to pour on or march in a body with a din; …
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(pl. -ir), f. din, noise, clattering of hoofs (riðu þeir heim mikinn dyn í túnit eptir hörðum velli); engi ~ verðr af hlaupi kattarins, noiseless are the cat’s steps; gera sem mestan dyn, to make the greatest noise; koma em dyn fyrir dyrr, to make a din before one’s doors, take one by surprise.
m. pl. ir, [A. S. dyn; Engl. din; Swed. dån; Dan. dön], a din; engi d. verðr af hlaupi kattarins, noiseless are the cat’s steps, Edda 19; gnýr eða þrymr, dynr eða dunr, Skálda 169; d. ok brestr, Bær. 15: marching as troops, ríða mikinn dyn, to ride with mickle din (of horsemen galloping), Ísl. ii. 333: the phrase, koma e-m dyn fyrir dyrr, to make a din before one’s door, take one by surprise, Fms. viii. 60, 189; gera sem mestan dyn, to make the greatest noise, 403: in pl., heyrði Gangleri dyni mikla, Edda 44.
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t, to dint.
m. = dykr, dynr.
m., dynta, f., dyntill, m. a dint, a cognom., Fms.; vide dyttr.
f. a tinkling bell.
u, f. a tinkling bell, Grett, 129.
n. a noisy but harmless shot (ek mun skjóta ~).
n. a shot making a din, but harmless, Fms. v. 198.
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f. a door-sill, vide drótt.
I)
(-ða, -ðr), v. to take (fish) with a hand-line (~ fiska).
II)
f. dwarf woman.
1. u, f. [durgr], a dwarf woman, a hag, Þjal. Jón. 17.
2. ð, to fish with a dorg, = dorga, Þiðr. 91.
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f. a door-frame, Sd. 158, Odd. 16.
m. door-post.
(mod. dyru-), m. a door-post, Stj. 279. Exod. xii. 7, Sd. 153, Grett. 121, Ver. 21, Sturl. ii. 49.
(gen. dura), f. pl. door opening, doorway (Oddr hljóp út or durunum).
n. or f. pl., in mod. usage always fem., and often so in old writers; sometimes even in old MSS.: neut. with the article; dyrrin with a double r (or dyrin, Kb. 42 new Ed., Stj. 520, Edda 29, Nj. 198): fem. dyrnar; aðrar dyrr, Fms. iv. 220, 221; dyrr byrgðar, Stj. 40; einar dyr, Sturl. i. 189; dyr opnar, id. (but dyrin, id., one line below, perhaps wrongly by the transcriber), önnur dyrr, Clem. 143 (Unger): in most cases, however, the gender of the gen. and dat. cannot be discerned: there is hardly any instance of its neuter use if joined to an adjective; thus, in Njála we read, gengu þeir þá inn allir ok skipnðusk í dyrrin (neut.); but only four lines below, ef nokkurar væri laundyrr á: hversu margar dyrr eru á Valhöll eða hversu stórar, Edda 25; but settisk Þórr í dyrrin, 29: in old writers the gen. and dat. are spelt with u, dura, durum, and that they were so pronounced may be seen from Skálda 163—þegar gestrinn kveðr ‘dura,’ þá skyldi eigi bóndinn ‘dúra;’ cp. also Grág. ii. 194, Fms. iv. 221, viii. 161, Gm. 23, Sturl. iii. 218, Edda 25, Landn. 231; but dyra, dyrum, Ísl. ii. 342 (rare): in mod. usage y throughout (spelt dyra, dyrum, proncd. as i):—[Gr. θύρα; …
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n. = dyrigætti (?), D. N.
(-jar, -jar), f. cairn.
f., gen. sing. nom. pl. dysjar, [Dan. dös and dysse], a cairn, less than haugr, Ld. 152, Eb. 172, 176, Dropl. 9, Fas. i. 438 (in a verse), Hbl. 45, Þórð. 73; kumbl-dys, Gg. 1.
(að), v. to bury in a cairn.
að, [Dan. dysse = to hide], to bury in a cairn, heap stones over a witch, criminal, or the like, never used of a proper burying, Eb. 172, Grett. 112, Fms. v. 222, Landn. 107.
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tt, [Engl. dint], to meddle: recipr., þér höfðut til dytzt, Stj. 510: in mod. usage, dytta að e-u, to varnish.
m. dint, a nickname.
m. a dint, a nickname, Fms. ii. 67; hnakka-d., a ‘neck-dint,’ i. e. a shot by a bolt in the nape of the neck, Orkn. 416 (in a verse); the hnakka-dyz of the MS. is = dytts, as vaz = vatns, braz = bratts.
n. quaking bog, quagmire.
n. a bog, Sturl. iii. 50, Gþl. 393, Róm. 259.
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dýfliza, u, f. a dark dungeon, Al. 94, Fms. i. 258, iii. 89, vi. 164, Eluc. 12, 42, Sks. 457, Þiðr. 63, Grett. 158. Fagrsk. 111: [no doubt a foreign word, perhaps from ‘diabolus’ = the dungeon of hell.]
(-ða, -t), v. to dip (~ e-m í vatn).
u, f. dipping in.
(-ða, -t), v. to dip (~ e-m í vatn).
ð, [cp. Goth. daupjan = βαπτίζειν; O. H. G. taufjan; Germ. taufen; Dan. döbe; A. S. dyppan, akin to djúpr; cp. also dúfa, a billow; all these words are akin, but the Engl. dive is the same word]:—to dip, with dat.; d. e-m í vatn, to dip one into water, Hom. 139, K. Á. 6, cp. N. G. L. i. 339; d. sér, to dive: the word is now freq., but rare in old writers, who preferred drepa; in Germ. etc. it is only used in the sense of christening = baptizare, prop. to dip into water, but never so in the Icel., which renders baptize by skira.
(dý, dúða, dúit), v. to shake; ~ dörr, spjót, to shake the spears to fight; skör nam at ~, he shook (tossed) his locks.
(mod. dúa), dúði, to shake, quiver, of spears or the like; d. frökkur, dörr, to shake spears, fight, Rm. 32, Fms. vi. (in a verse); d. skör, to shake the locks, Þkv. 1; hann dúði spjótið inn í dyrnar, Sturl. iii. 218, Ld. 278: in mod. usage, það dúir undir, of boggy ground that shakes under the feet.
f. downbed, featherbed, pillow or bolster filled with down.
1. u, f. [dúnn]. a down-bed, feather-bed, a pillow or bolster, Fms. iii. 125, vi. 279, ix. 26, x. 186, Dipl. iii. 4, Bs. ii. 167, Lex. Poët.
2. boggy ground, Dropl. 26, v. l.
2. ð, to cover, belay with down, N. G. L. i. 334.
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n. [djúpr; Ulf. diupei; Germ. tiefe], depth.
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að, to become deeper, deepen.
f. depth.
(and dýpð), f. [Goth. djupipa], depth, Clem. 33, Bs. i. 209.
n.
1) animal, beast, quadruped, opp. to birds and reptiles (skapari manna, fugla ok dýra ok skriðkykvenda);
2) wild beast; deer (renna hundum at dýrum, reisa dýr).
n. [Gr. θήρ; Ulf. djûs = θηρίον, Mark i. 13, 1 Cor. xv. 32; A. S. deôr; Engl. deer; Germ. thier; Swed.-Dan. dyr]:—an animal, beast:
α. excluding birds, dýr ok fuglar, Edda 144 (pref.); fuglar, dýr eðr sækvikindi, Skálda 170; dýrum (wild beasts) eða fuglum, Grág. ii. 89.
β. used of wild beasts, as bears, Nj. 35, Grett. 101, Glúm. 330, Fs. 146 (bjarn-dyra): in Icel. esp. the fox, Dropl. 27, Bs. ii. 137, the fox being there the only beast of prey, hence dýr-bit; úarga-dýr, the lion; villi-d., a wild beast.
γ. used esp. of hunting deer, the deer of the forest, as in Engl. deer, the hart, etc., Hkv. 2. 36, N. G. L. i. 46, Str. 3, Fas. iii. 4, Þiðr. 228–238; hrein-d., the reindeer; rauð-d., the red deer.
COMPDS: dýrabogi, dýragarðr, dýragröf, dýrakjöt, dýrarödd, dýraskinn, dýraveiðar, dýrsbelgr, dýrshorn, dýrshöfuð.
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a, m. a trap to catch foxes.
m.
1) enclosure to catch wild beasts;
2) a yard with wild beasts.
m. a yard or inclosure to catch wild beasts, Gþl. 456.
f. a pit to catch wild beasts.
f. a pit to catch wild beasts, Gþl. 456, 457.
n. flesh of animals.
n. the flesh of animals, Stj. 8.
f. voice of beasts.
f. the voice of beasts, Skálda 170.
n. skin of wild beasts.
n. the skin of wild beasts, Fas. iii. 124.
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f. pl. deer-hunting, Þiðr. l. c., 655 x. 2, Gþl. 447.
f. glory (himnaríkis ~).
f. [Engl. dearth], glory; himinríkis d., the glory of heaven, Fms. v. 143, 230, Fær. 137, 625. 163, Fms. v. 216 (a glorious miracle): in pl., 623. 32, Eluc. 47; tóm d., vain-glory, 655 xxvi. 3: in N. T. and eccl. writers since the Reformation this word is much in use; the δόξα of the N. T. is usually rendered by dýrð.
COMPDS: dýrðardagr, dýrðarfullr, Dýrðarkonungr, dýrðarkóróna, dýrðarmaðr, dýrðarsamliga, dýrðarstaðr, dýrðarsöngr.
m. day of glory, feast.
m. a day of glory, Hom. 90, Fms. ii. 142.
a. full of glory.
adj. full of glory, Fms. ii. 199, vii. 89.
m. the King of Glory (Christ).
m. the King of Glory (Christ), Niðrst. 4.
f. crown of glory.
u, f. a crown of glory, Magn. 502, Pass. 25. 11.
m. a glorious man, saint.
m. a glorious man, Hkr. iii. 250, Bs. i. 90.
adv. gloriously.
adv. and -ligr, adj. glorious, Stj. 288, 655 xxxii. 17, Fms. iv. 32, Stj. 34.
m. a glorious place.
m. a glorious place, Ver. 3.
m. song of glory, hymn.
m. a song of glory.
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a, m. [A. S. Deôr; cp. Deôra-by = Derby]. a pr. name, Landn.: in local names, Dýra-fjörðr, in western Iceland, Landn., Gísl.
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n. pl. costly things; dýrindis vefnaðr, a costly stuff.
(að), v.
1) to exalt, glorify (guð ~ði son sinn);
2) to celebrate (~ þenna dag); ~ hátíð es = halda hátíð es;
3) to worship (far þú með mér at ~ dróttin guð þinn); to pray one reverentially (kastar hón sér fram á gólfit fyrir fœtr konungi ok ~ði hann);
refl., ~st, to magnify oneself, to glory; sá er ~st, dýrkist hann með guði, he that glorieth, let him glory in the Lord.
(and dýrðka), að, with acc. to worship, Stj. 103: to glorify, Ver. 6; d. Drottinn Guð þinn, Stj. 4. 58; d. Guðs orð, 655 C. 15; d. kenning postulanna, 14: to celebrate, d. þenna dag. Hom. 8: to exalt, nú er tíð Drottinn, sú er þú d. oss ambáttir þínar, Blas. 47; ek em Guð sá er þik dýrkaða’k, ok mun ek enn d. þik, 50: hann dýrkaði válaðan, Greg. 24; d. e-n með e-u, Fms. x. 315; d. e-n, to pray one reverentially; hón kastar sér fram á gólfit, dýrkaði hann, svá segjandi, Stj. 522. 2 Sam. xiv. 4; hence the common Icel. phrase, vertu ekki að d. hann, don’t beg (coax) him.
2. reflex. to magnify oneself; þá mundu Gyðingar dýrkask í sjálfum sér, Stj. 392; hirð eigi þú maðr at d. í krafti þínum, thou man, glory not in thy strength, Hom. 8; sá er dýrkask, kvað Paulus postuli, dýrkisk hann með Guði, 23: in pass. sense, Fms. xi. 415; dýrkaðisk þolinmæði réttlátra, Hom. 49; verit ér þolinmóðir litla stund, at ér dýrkisk, 623. 32. In N. T. and mod. eccl. writers the Gr. δοξάζειν is sometimes rendered by dýrka, e. g. Matth. v. 16.
f.
1) adoration, worship (veita goðum ~);
2) glorifying (~ andar ok líkama).
f. worship, adoration, 623. 11: veita goðum d., 655. 1: in pl., Stj. 54: glorifying, dýrkan andar ok likama. 50; afguða-d., skurðgoða-d., idolatry.
m. holy man, saint.
(dýrðlingr, Hom. 115. Bs. i. 202, Fms. i. 227). m. [A. S. deôrling; Engl. darling]:—a saint, holy man; Guðs d., Ver. 1. Fms. iv. 227, 232, v. 214, Bs. i. (freq.)
(dýrri, dýrstr), a.
1) high priced, dear; ek met hana dýrra en aðrar, I put her at a higher price than the rest;
2) precious, costly (skjöldinn þann inn dýra); dýrar hallir, costly halls; inn dýri mjöðr, the goodly mead; inn dýri háttr, artificial metre;
3) of high worth, worthy (in dýra dróttning, María); skatna dýrstr, the best of men; Jón Loptsson, er dýrstr (noblest, worthiest) maðr er í landi þessu.
adj., compar. dýrri, superl. dýrstr, mod. more freq. dýrari, dýrastr; dyröztum, Fb. i. 211: [Ulf. does not use this word, but renders εντιμος etc. by reiks or svêrs; A. S. deore; Engl. dear; Dan. and Swed. dyr; O. H. G. tiuri; Germ. theuer]:—dear:
1. of price, of such and such a price: referring to the weregild, at sá maðr sé vel dýrr, Hrafn. 9; fésætt svá mikla, at engi maðr hafi dýrri verit hér á landi enn Höskuldr, i. e. that there has never before been paid so high a weregild as for Hoskuld, Nj. 189; munu þat margir ætla at hann muni dýrstr gerr af þeim mönnum er hér hafa látizt, 250; dýrr mundi Hafliði allr, Sturl. i. 47: of other things, ek met hana dýrra en aðrar, I put her at a higher price than the rest, Ld. 30; hversu dýr skal sjá kona, how much is she to cost? id.; kaupa dýru verði, to buy dearly, at a high price; þér eruð dýru verði keyptir, 1 Cor. vi. 20.
2. precious, costly; bókina dýru, Fms. vii. 156; skjöldinn þann inn dýra, Eg. 698: enn Dýri dagr, vide dagr, Ann. 1373, Mar. 96; eigi var annarr (gripr) dýrri í Noregi, Fas. ii. 65; því betr sem gull er dýrra en silfr, Ld. …
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m. beast’s skin.
m. a beast’s skin. Fas. ii. 518 (of a bear).
n. an oxhorn, esp. a drinkinghorn.
n. a deer’s horn used for a drinking cup, Eg. 306, 307, 551, Edda 82.
n. head of a deer.
n. the head of a deer, Sturl. i. 106.
n. biting of lambs (sheep) by foxes (eigi varð bónda mein at biti síðan).
n. ‘deer-bite,’ of the worrying of lambs by a fox, Bs. i. 587.
a. dearly paid for.
adj. dearly paid for, Fms. vi. 106.
m. a thing of great value, a treasure.
m. a jewel, treasure, a thing of great value, Eg. 4, 55, 179, Orkn. 354.
m. deer-hound, fox-hound.
m. a deer-hound, esp. a fox-hound, Eb. 216.
m. deer-calf.
m. a deer-calf, Hkv. 2. 36.
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m. a dub. reading (of a horse), Glúm. 356.
pp. dearly bought.
part. dearly bought, Fbr. 56 new Ed.
pp. dearly rated.
part. dearly rated, Ld. 30.
m. dearness.
m. (-leiki, a, m.), dearness, Dipl. ii. 5.
a. glorious (~ klæðnaðr, dýrlig veizla).
adj. (-liga, adv.), glorious. Fms. iv. 82, vii. 85, x. 223, xi. 51, Eg. 478; d. veizla, Bs. i. 133: d. matráð, 139.
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n. a glorious man, Lex. Poët.
a. precious.
adj. precious, Stj. 180, 204, Fas. i. 455, Sks. 183.
n. deer-skin.
n. a deer-skin. N. G. L. iii. ch. 47.
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n. a time of dearth, famine, N. T.
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adj. [Dan. deilig], fair, (mod. and rare.)
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(dœgn), n. [Swed. dygn; Dan. dögn], = dægr, q. v., N. G. L. i. 335, Skálda 190; this form is very rare.
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(dœgr), n. [dagr; in Dan. dögn means the natural day = 24 hours, and answers to Icel. sólar-hringr, whereas Icel. dægr usually means both night and day, so that one day makes two dægr]: hence dægra-mót or dægra-skipti, n., denotes the twilight in morning and evening, Hom. 41, Sks. 218; í degi dægr tvau, í dægri stundir tólf, in a day two dægr, in a dægr twelve hours, Rb. 6; þau (Day and Night) skulu ríða á hverjum tveim dægrum umhverfis jörðina, Edda 7; tuttugu ok fjórar stundir skulu vera í tveimr dægrum, Sks. 54: hann sigldi á átta dægrum til þess er hann tók Eyjar á Íslandi, and below, ek skildumk fyrir fjórum nóttum (viz. Sunday to Thursday) við Ólaf konung Haraldsson, Fms. iv. 280; þeir vóru þrjú dægr í leitinni, Nj. 265; á hverju dægri, Grág. ii. 169; á dægrinu, 360; tvau dægr, Fb. i. 539; þrjú d., 431; skipti þat mörgum dægrum, id.:—in all these passages the sense seems clearly to be as above.
2. in some few cases it seems to be used of the astronomical day = 24 hours, or the Danish dögn; such is the case with the interesting passage Landn. 1. ch. 1; …
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n. the division of day and night, Sks. 26, Fms. iv. 381.
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f., in the phrase, til dægra styttingar, to shorten the time, of pastime, Fas. iii. 39.
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n. ‘day-tale,’ calculation of time, Rb. 488: sam-dægris (sam-dœgnis, O. H. L. 86), adv. the same day; also sam-dægrs: jafn-dægr or jafn-dægri, equinoctial time.
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f. a day’s sail, Landn. 26.
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(dœl), f. [dalr, dól], a little dale, Nj. 253. Sd. 173, Sturl. ii. 100 C: of fjalldala ok dælar, Greg. 59.
f. ship’s pump.
u, f.
I. a small dale, Sturl. ii. 100 (Ed.)
II. a naut. term, a contrivance to serve the purpose of a ship’s pump, Edda (Gl.); hence dælu-austr, m. emptying a ship by a dæla, Fbr. 131, Grett. 95; dælu-ker, n. a kind of bucket: hann hað þrælinn færa sér í d. þat er hann kaliaði sjó, Landu. 251; hence the metaph. phrase, láta dæluna ganga, to pour out incessantly, chatter without ceasing, Grett. 98. The ancients cannot well have known the pump; but as dælu-austr is distinguished from byttu-austr, where the buckets were handed up, so dæla seems to have been a kind of groove through which the bilge water was made to run out into the sea instead of emptying every bucket by handing it overboard: in Norse döla means a groove-formed trough, eaves, a trench, and the like, D. N. iv. 751, Ivar Aasen s. v. dæla, p. 75.
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1. f. = dæl, Fms. x. 319.
2. f. [a], gentleness, in the COMPD dældar-maðr (deildar-maðr, v. l.), m. a gentle, easy man, Ld. 68, 276.
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(dæll, sing.), m. pl. dales-men, O. H. L. 23: mostly in compds, as Lax-dælir, Vatns-dælir, Sýr-dælir, Svarf-dælir, Fljóts-dælir, etc., the men from Laxeydale, Waterdale, etc.
a. gentle, easy to deal with (vertu nú dæl meðan ek em brautu; ekki þótta ek dæll heima); þat er eigi svá dælt (= auðvelt, easy) at taka Sigurð jarl af lífdögum; dælt er heima hvat, anything will pass at home; gera sér dælt við e-n, to put oneself on a free, familiar footing with one (Þórðr gerði sér dælt við þau Þorvald ok Guðrúnu); ek mun nú gera mér dælt um ráðagørð við þik, I will take the liberty to give thee straightforward advice.
adj. gentle, familiar, forbearing; this word is no doubt akin to deila (qs. deill), i. e. one who is easy ‘to deal with;’ vertu nú dæl (i. e. keep peace, be gentle) meðan ek em brautu, Nj. 52; ekki þótta ek nú dæll heima, I was not good to deal with at home, Fms. xi. 51; ekki d. viðfangs, not easy to deal with, Grett. 127; dæll (easy, affable) öllu lands fólki, Orkn. 184: engum þótti dælt at segja konungi hersögu, Fms. i. 41; þat er eigi svá dælt (easy) at taka Sigurð jarl af lífdögum sem at drepa kið eðr kálf, 53; þótti þeim dælla at taka þat er flaut laust, vi. 262; þótti nú sem dælst mundi til at kalla, er ungr konungr réð fyrir ríki, Eg. 264: the phrases, göra sér dælt við e-n. to put oneself on a free, familiar footing towards one; Þórðr görði sér d. við þau Þorvald ok Guðrúnu, Ld. 134; ek mun nú gera mér dælt um ráðagörð við þik, I will take the liberty to give thee straightforward advice, Nj. 216; hann görði sér við þá dælt, Grett. 144; mun dælt við mik þykja, ef þú ert eigi í för, they will pay me little heed, unless thou art with me, Lv. 37; þótti vera spottsamr ok grár við alla þá er honum þótti sér dælt við, rude and taunting against all whom he thought his match to deal with, Bjarn. …
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m. = dælleikr.
(-leiki), m. = dælleikr, Sks. 482, 553, v. l., Sturl. i. 215 C.
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u, f. familiarity.
β. idle talk, nonsense, Edda 110, Karl. 437.
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adj. [ó], belonging to a dale, mostly in compds: Breið-dælskr, from Broaddale, Sturl. i. 112 C.
β. [Engl. dull], moody, dull; en til dælskr af dul, Hm. 56; d., fólskr, impertinent, foolish. Fms. iv. 205.
m. familiarity; gør allt í dælleikum við oss, make no ceremony with us.
m. (-leiki, a, m.), familiarity, often with the notion of over great freedom, easy dealing; mjök kennir nú dælleika af várri hendi … er svá vándr dúkr er undir diski þínum, Bs. i. 475; fyrir dælleika sakir, Sks. 553; til þeirra dælleika, 482; gör allt í dælleikum við oss, make no ceremony with us (the king’s words to his host), Fms. vi. 390; hann (Moses) var svá í dælleikum við Guð, M. was in such familiarity with God, Ver. 23: affability, condescension, mildi ok dælleika, Fms. ix. 535, v. l. (of a duke): ú-dæll, overbearing; inn-dæll, delightful.
a. pleasant to look at, genteel.
adj. [hence Dan. deilig], genteel, fine to look at, Edda 58.
β. = dæll, familiar, Al. 33.
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d or ð, [dómr; Ulf. dômian; A. S. dêman; Engl. deem (as in demster); O. H. G. tomjan; lost in mod. Germ.; Swed. dömma; Dan. dömme]:—a law term, to give judgment, pass sentence; d. mál, to give judgment in a case, Nj. 56, Eg. 417; hvat sem at dæma er, Þorst. St. 55; lét dæma vörnina, caused judgment to be given on the part of the defence (in relerence to a curious Norse custom, by which both plaintiff and defendant pleaded before different courts, which had finally to adjust the sentence according to rules varying with the circumstances), Nj. 240; d. dóm, to pass sentence, Fms. xi. 246; d. rangan dóm, Sks. 109 B: the fines etc. in acc., d. fé, útlegðir, sekð, to pass sentence to a fine, outlawry, payment, etc., Grág. i. 320; útlegðir þær er á alþingi eru dæmðar, 3; fé þat á dæmask á heimili þess er sóttr er, 320; á þá at dæmask féit þannug, then the money is to pass (by sentence) to them, 378; dæma eindaga á fé, to fix a term for payment, 3; d. lög, to pass a lawful sentence, Fms. xi. 224; d. af, to make void, Sks. 11: d. um e-t, to judge of a thing, 625. …
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n. adj. almost unexampled.
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adj. wise in old lore, Fms. iv. 89.
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adj. unexampled, Stj. 391.
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m. a man to be imitated, Greg. 12.
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n., usually in pl., [dómr.]
1. an example, case; hörð dæmi, a hard fate, Hkv. 2. 2; úlfa d., the case (doings) of wolves, Hðm. 30; kvenna d., womanish example, behaving like a woman, Þorst. St. 52; at mér verði vargsins d., Band. (MS.) 35: in plur., forn dæmi ok siðu foreldra sinna (cp. the Germ. weisthümer, alterthümer), old tales and customs of their forefathers, Fagrsk. ch. 219; þessi dæmi (i. e. verses) öll eru kveðin um þenna atburð, Mork. 114; þó hafa mörg dæmi orðið í forneskju, many things have happened in olden times, Ó. H. 73 (margs d., Fms. iv. 172, less correctly), cp. dæmi-saga; spekingr at viti ok at öllu fróðr, lögum ok dæmum (old lore, tales), mannfræði ok ættfræði, Fms. vii. 102; Ari prestr hinn Fróði, er mörg d. spakleg hefir saman töld, Bs. i. 145, cp. also Barl. 47, 73, 112; hence fá-dæmi, an unexampled, portentous thing; eins dæmi, in the proverb, eins dæmin eru vest, viz. a singular, unexampled fate is the worst: used even of pictures, a story represented by drawing, Pm. 122: gramm. a citation, proof, nú skal láta heyra dæmin, now let us hear the proofs, Edda 49; …
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f. judgment, Grág. i. 235, Skálda 211.
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u, f. a fable, parable; in old eccl. translations, the parable of the N. T. is rendered by ‘dæmisaga,’ Greg. 22; but in mod. versions and writers since 1540 a distinction is made, and dæmisögur are fables, e. g. of Aesop, Reynard, or the like; whereas the parables of the N. T. are called ‘eptir-líking;’ heyrit mik ok mína dæmisögu, Stj. 399. Judges ix. 7: an old saw, Fms. vii. 102, v. l.: a proverb, Stj. 560. 1 Kings iv. 32, (rare.)
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m. the judgment seat, 623. 12, 13, 73, 625. 79.
(-ta -t), v. to fetch a deep groan (~ við);
refl., ~st, to become exhausted.
t, to utter a deep groan, Sturl. ii. 154: reflex. to lose breath from exhaustion, Sks. 231: part. dæstr, exhausted, breathless, Grett. 98.
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f. pl. groanings; með stunum og dæsum.
f.
1) rump (döfin dýrsins);
2) a kind of spear.
f., pl. dafar, the rump, Scot. doup; hér yfir skipunum uppi mættusk döfin ok höfuðit dýrsins (of a bear), Fas. ii. 172, while 510 has dausin; cp. Norse dov = rump, Ivar Aasen.
2. a kind of spear, Edda (Gl.), Akv. 4, 14.
II. [cp. dafna, and Swed. däfven = moist], suck (?) and metaph. rest, in the poët. phrase, vær döf, sweet rest; milli Belindar brjósta-kúlna búið hefi eg þér væra döf, Grönd. 67; hreppa væra döf, sweet rest (of one dead), Feðga-æfi, 83 (in a verse).
(gen. döggvar, dat. dögg or döggu; pl. döggvar), f. dew.
f., old gen. döggvar. Korm., Sks. 606, Fms. ii. 278, mod. daggar; old pl. döggvar, Vsp. 19, Vþm. 45; mod. daggir, Sks. 40; dat. sing. döggu, Vtkv. 5, 656 A. 18: [A. S. deaw; Engl. dew; Germ. thau; Dan. and Swed. dug]:—dew; nátt-dögg, night-dew; morgun-dögg, morning-dew, Vþm. 45, Hkv. Hjörv. 28.
COMPD: (mod. daggar-, old döggvar-), döggvar-drep, n. a dew-track, Fms. ii. l. c.
a. bedewed.
adj. bedewed, Hkv. 1. 46.
(-að or -ða), v.
1) to bedew (döggvir hann jörðina af méldropum sínum);
2) to irrigate, water.
að or ð, to bedew; pres. döggvar, Stj. 73, 397; hon döggvaði, fætr Drottins, 655 xxxi. 2; á morni hverjum döggvir hann jörðina af méldropum sínum, Edda 7; döggðu andlit sin í tárum, 623. 58; d. hjörtu manna, Skálda 210, Hom. 45.
f. bedewing, irrigation.
f. bedewing, Stj. 14.
n. dew-fall, deposit of dew.
n. dew-fall, Stj. 17.
a. besprinkled with dew.
adj. dew-besprinkled, Hkv. 2. 41.
m. chape (of a sheath).
m. [Swed. dopsko], the tip or chape of a sheath, etc., Fas. i. 173, Gullþ. 47, Gísl. 115.
f. track left in the dew; ok draga kyrtlarnir ~ina, the tunics brush the dew.
f. the slot or track left in the dew, Gísl. 67.
m. king, descendent of King Dag.
m., poët. a king, descendant of king Dag, Edda 105, Hdl. 18.
2. mockingly, a draggle-tail, Sturl. i. 62.
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dögurðr, v. dagan, dagverðr.
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dökð, f. [dock], a pie, pool, Gþl. 393, Mart. 107.
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að, to darken, Fms. i. 216, x. 284, Fas. iii. 12.
(acc. -van), a. dark; ~ á hár, dark-haired.
adj., acc. dökkvan etc., with v inserted, [Swed.-Dan. dunkel; Germ. dunkel, A. S. deark, Engl. dark, may be identical, rk = nk], dark, Rb. 108; ský dökt ok dimt, Fms. xi. 136; dökkvir hjálmar, vi. 150; dökkt yfirbragð, i. 97; d. á har, dark of hair, Nj. 39; dökkvan skima, Sks. 229: compar., dökkvara liós, 203; dökkvir villustigar, Fms. i. 138.
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ð, to darken; eigi döktusk augu hans, Stj. 348. Deut. xxxiv. 7; þa er dökkvir skilning, 656 C. 33: impers., dökkvir þik, andskoti, art thou in darkness? 623. 31; dag (acc.) dökði, the day darkened, Skálda (in a verse).
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a, m. a dark spot, Fas. iii. 560.
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n. pl. the Dark elves, as opp. to Ljósálfar, Edda 12, answering to the huldu-folk of mod. legends.
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adj. dark blue, Sturl. ii. 212.
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adj. dark brown, Fas. i. 172.
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adj. dark green, Stj. 62.
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adj. dark haired, Hkr. iii. 281.
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adj. dark auburn, Ld. 274.
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adj. dark coloured, Sturl. ii. 212, Fms. vii. 239.
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adj. dark red, Þiðr. 178.