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m. a nickname, Sturl.
m. shield of lime-wood.
m. a shield of lime-wood, Fas. viii. 413.
n. lime-tree.
n. a lime-tree, Þiðr. 116.
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adj. white as bast, Lex. Poët.
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and linka, u, f. faintness, the feeling faint and weak; það er linja í mér.
(-ta, -t), v. to cease, stop (l. ferðinni); impers., e-u linnir, it ceases, abates (en er því linnti, greiða þeir atróðr sinn).
t, [Ulf. af-linnan = ἀποχωρειν, Luke ix. 39; cp. A. S. b-linnan; Shetl. and Scot. linn; Old Engl. b-lin]:—to cease, leave off, with dat. to stop; hann linnir eigi fyrr, en …, Fb. i. 210; linna þau eigi fyrr en heima, Vígl. 81 new Ed.: absol., þá linnir þessa líkams vist, a hymn.
II. impers., with dat., it ceases, abates; en er því linnti, but when it ceased, Landn. 218, v. l.; en er því linnti, þá greiða þeir atróðr, Fb. ii. 43; ekki linnir umferðunum um Fljótsdalinn enn, Snót.
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a, m. = linnr, Korm. (in a verse), Reks., see Lex. Poët.
m. serpent (poet.).
m. [cp. Germ. lind-wurm], a serpent, only in poetry, see Lex. Poët. passim; as also in circumlocutions, the serpent of the shield = a sword; the serpent of the arm = a bracelet.
COMPDS: linn-ból, -setr, -vegr, -vengi, a serpent’s lair, seat, way, field, = gold, Lex. Poët.
m. (fabulous) serpent.
m. a ‘snake-worm,’ serpent, the ‘lind-wurm’ of the German legends, Þiðr. 167.
a.
1) soft to the touch;
2) gentle, mild (H. var linr ok blíðr við alla sína menn);
3) agreeable, pleasant; faðmast lint, to embrace softly.
adj., linari, linastr, [Lat. lenis], soft to the touch; linr ok sléttr, Stj. 165; hér er mjúkt ok lint, Fb. ii. 359; linar hosur, Sks. 87 new Ed.
II. metaph. gentle; með linum vindi, Bs. ii. 167; var veðrit miklu linara, i. 629: of a person, gentle, opp. to hard, exacting, mjúkr ok linr, Fms. iv. 210; linr ok léttr í máli, Bs. i. 154; svá linr ok hægr, 294: linr ok litilátr, 72, Sks. 514; ætlið ér hann nú munu yðr linan? Ó. H. 213:—weak, lenient, linr ok eigr stjórnsamr, Stj. 419; linr í lyndi, Fms. ii. 159; linr drykkr, 655 xi. 2: weak, eigi aflmikill ok linr, Sturl. i. 23: gramm. soft, weak, Skálda 159, 179.
III. metaph. soft, snug; at Dönum þykki linara at reka svín til skógar, en berjask við oss Norðmenn, Fms. vi. 258; faðmask lint, to embrace softly, Akv. 40.
a. of little strength.
and lin-elfdr, part. of feeble strength, Fms. iii. 206.
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adj. faint, weak-minded.
a. soft-hearted.
part. soft-hearted, Lil. 59.
f. mercy.
f. (proncd. línkind, linkinni, Barl. 51), mercy, Bs. i. 765, ii. 132.
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adj. gentle, Barl. 51.
m. lenity.
m. (-leiki, a, m.), lenity, Fms. i. 296, ii. 33, xi. 223.
adv. leniently, gently.
adv. leniently, gently, Fms. ii. 36, v. 240, vii. 157, Sturl. i. 13, Stj. 578: slovenly, mod.
a. lenient.
adj. lenient, Stj. 495, Sks. 629.
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part. patient, meek, Bs. i. 579.
pp. mild, gentle in speech.
part. drawling, Róm. 312.
(acc. -ran), a. handy, adroit.
adj., the r is radical, compar. liprari, superl. liprastr; [cp. Lat. lepidus]:—handy, skilled, adroit; the word is freq. in mod. usage, but seems not to occur in writers before the 15th century, and may be borrowed; ertú at nokkuru íþrótta-maðr? þat ferr fjarri, sagði hann, þvíat ek em úliprari (more awkward) en aðrir menn, Fas. ii. 262 (MS. of the 15th century); also used of speech, lipr-leiki, a, m. adroitness.
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að, [lirla or lilla, Ivar Aasen; Engl. lull]:—to sing a lullaby, trill, whistle; Ivar Aasen says that in Norway it is used of the shepherds; meðan lirlar | líneik veri sínum, Fms. vi. (in a verse).
(pl. -ir), f.
1) art, craft (margar listir þær, sem áðr höfðu eigi fundnar verit);
2) skill, adroitness, dexterity (lék hann marga íþróttliga fimleika með mikilli l.).
f. [prob. derived from læra, q. v., Goth. laisjan, before the s was changed into r]:—art, craft; þá list sem astrologia heitir, Stj. 66; kvennligar listir, Fs. 134; klerklig list, Bs. i. 680; hann hafði þeirrar listar eigi fengit, Fb. i. 215; gör með list ok kunnáttu, Edda 8; hann fann ok margar listir, 148 (pref.)
II. [Germ. and Dan. list; Old Engl. liste], craft, artifice, Sks. 689: refinement, með allri list ok kurteisi, Fas. i. 29; Ólafr fagnar honum vel ok með mikilli list, Fms. x. 226.
COMPDS: listamaðr, listaskáld.
f. list, border.
u, f., mod. listi, a, m. [A. S. and Engl. list], a list, a carpenter’s term, as also the list, selvage, border of cloth; spengr ok listur, Stj. 563; ok gyldar listur á, Eb. 226, Al. 35 (of a shield).
m. skilled workman, craftsman.
m. a skilled workman, craftsman, artist, Fas. ii. 412, Fms. iii. 193.
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n. a skilful poet.
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a, m. a list, = lista.
2. a catalogue, list of books, (mod.)
II. a local name in Norway, Listeren, Ó. H. (in a verse).
a.
1) skilled, skilful;
2) polite, elegant.
adj. skilled, Edda (pref.) 149: polite, Fms. xi. 97, Sturl. ii. 230 C.
adv. skilfully; handsomely, finely.
adv. elegantly, Fas. i. 68, 184, iii. 426: cunningly, Str. 55.
a.
1) skilful, clever;
2) elegant, handsome (listuligir menn).
adj. magnificent, Fms. (Ágrip.) x. 377, 381, 397, 415.
a. skilful, clever.
adj. skilful, Fms. xi. 426.
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n. [A. S. and Hel. wlite, Ulf. wlits, = πρόσωπον], a glance; a απ. λεγ., augu heita lit, Edda 109; but found in compds, aug-lit, and-lit.
(að), v. to dye (l. sik í blóði).
að, [Shetl. to litt = to dye blue; Scot. lit], to dye, Stj. 72, Karl. 505; þú litaðir á mér skallann, Lv. 109; hafa lítt litað sik í blóði, Fas. ii. 471; litaðir í blóði, Mar.
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f. dyeing, litunar-gras, n. a dyeing herb, Stj. 81.
n. complexion.
n. complexion, Ld. 134, Al. 3; spelt
f. complexion.
u, f., Clar. (Fr.)
m. complexion.
m. = litarapt, Fas. iii. 426, as also in mod. usage.
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dep. to look about; in the phrase, litask um, never used absol.; þá mælti Útgarða-Loki, ok listask um á bekkina, Edda 33, Eg. 111, Band. 3, Fær. 71, Ld. 92; fagrt um at litask, Fs. 26, passim.
n. change of colour.
n. pl. change of colour, Sks. 526.
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adj. ‘ltttle-working’ clumsy, Nj. 19.
(að), v. to colour, stain; vel ~ðr, of a fine hue.
að, to dye: litkaðr, coloured, Karl. 241; vel litkaðr, of a fine hue, Fbr. 36 new Ed.
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u, f. a little parlour in ancient dwellings, Sturl. iii. 191.
I)
(gen. -ar, pl. -ir, acc. -u), m.
1) colour, hue; bregða lit, to change colour; blár (grár, hvítr, rauðr) at lit, blue (grey, white, red) of colour;
2) the colour of the sky, at dawn or dusk; en er þeir kómu upp á heiðina, kenndu þeir, at lit brá, they saw the day break; þá tók at kenna annars litar, then it began to grow dusk;
3) dye (sœkja grös til litar).
II)
a. hued, coloured (vel, illa l.).
adj. hued, coloured, Eg. 133, Nj. 30, Fms. ii. 71, Fs. 147, Art. 66; mis-litr, chequered.
I)
(gen. -ar, pl. -ir, acc. -u), m.
1) colour, hue; bregða lit, to change colour; blár (grár, hvítr, rauðr) at lit, blue (grey, white, red) of colour;
2) the colour of the sky, at dawn or dusk; en er þeir kómu upp á heiðina, kenndu þeir, at lit brá, they saw the day break; þá tók at kenna annars litar, then it began to grow dusk;
3) dye (sœkja grös til litar).
II)
a. hued, coloured (vel, illa l.).
m., gen. litar, pl. litir, acc. litu, [Old Engl. and Scot. lit = a stain; Dan. löd; see lit above, and líta; the original form would be vlitr]:—colour, hue, also countenance, complexion; litu góða, Vsp. 18; lostfagrir litir, Hm. 92; bregða lit, to change colour, Fms. vi. 178; skipta litum, to exchange colour, see the remarks s. v. hamr, Fas. i. 128; málit skiptir svá litum, such is the case, its colour is thus, Fms. vii. 136; eigi deilir litr kosti, a saying, Nj. 78 (see deila); sá hann þat at þér var litr einn gefinn, thou art nothing but the hue (outside), Sturl. iii. 180; blár, grár, hvítr, rauðr …, at lit, of blue … colour, Ísl. ii. 213, Anal. 215, passim; í regnboga eru þrír litir, Rb. 336; allir litir eru bjartari á glerinu en hvar annar-staðar, MS. 15. 3.
2. special usage, of day-break, the first dawn when the light changes; en er þeir kómu upp á heiðina kenndu þeir at lit brá, they saw the day-break, Sturl. iii. 217; vísaði hann þeim leið, tók þá at kenna annars litar (viz. in the morning), 171; ok í annan lit (the second colour, viz. the changing from dark to light in the early morning, the ‘blush of morn’) fór hann at sjá veiðiskap þeirra, Þorf. …
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m. a dyer, colourer, Lex. Poët.
a. bright of complexion.
adj. bright of complexion, Bs. i. 127.
n. change of colour.
n. pl. a change of colour or light, in morning and evening, Grett. 179 new Ed.
a. dappled.
adj. strawberry-coloured, Gullþ. 14.
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adj. of fine complexion, Fms. x. 151.
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n. pl. a dyer’s herbs, Stj. 157.
n. pl. coloured (dyed) clothes (not with the natural colour of the wool).
n. pl. coloured, chequered clothes, as opp. to the plain black dress, which was the genuine costume of the old Norsemen, Ld. 194, 294, Nj. 70, Ísl. ii. 335, Grett. 134, Eb. 200, Fs. 51.
a. colourless, pale.
adj. colourless, pale, Flóv. 32, Fbr. 114, Str. 13.
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a, m. a dyer’s herbs, N. G. L. iii. 119.
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adj., Fas. i. 212; false for lit rekt = lítt rækt, see Bugge (Edda) 294, note 16.
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t, to change colour, grow pale, Bær. 12, Fms. i. 216.
a. pale (from fear).
adj. pale, from fear, Edda 36, Sd. 173, Orkn. 366.
I)
n.
1) host, folk, people;
fyrða l., the people;
þeir vóru allir eins liðs, they were all of one party;
vera einn sins liðs, to be alone;
2) family, household (lið mitt er heima bjarglaust);
3) troops, host;
samna liði, to gather troops;
4) aid, assistance;
veita e-m lið, to aid;
koma e-m at liði, to come to one’s assistance.
II)
n. poet.
1) ale (cf. líð);
2) ship.
n., not lið. see the cognate words: [Ulf. leiþus = σίκερα, Luke i. 15; A. S. and Hel. lîð; O. H. G. lîdu; mid. H. G. lît; it remains in many provinc. Germ. words,—leit-haus = an ale-house, a tavern; leit-geber = an ale-house keeper; leit-geben = to keep an ale-house; leit-kauf = earnest money, see Schmeller’s Bayrisches Wörterbuch s. v. lit]:—cider, Germ. obstwein; líð heitir öl, Edda 110; drekka líð, Fms. vi. 439 (in a verse); Hárs líð, the ale of Odin = poetry, Ht.; Yggs líð, id., Kormak. The word hardly occurs in prose, and is obsolete.
I)
(lið; leið, liðum; liðinn), v.
1) to go, pass, glide (er skipit leið fram hjá flotanum);
~ e-m ór hug, to pass out of one’s memory;
2) to pass by, go past (er þeir liðu nesit);
impers., en er líðr Euphrates á (acc.), when one has passed the E.;
sem leið jóladaginn, as the Yule-day passed;
þá (or þegar) er e-n líðr, when a person is omitted, passed over;
Úlfr jarl var ríkastr í Danmörku, þegar er konung leið, next to the king;
3) to pass away, elapse, of time (eigi munu margir vetur ~ áðr en þér munuð þessa iðrast);
at liðnum vetri, when the winter had passed;
liðinn, dead, deceased;
at liðinn fylki, after my lord’s death;
4) impers. with dat., nú líðr, svá dögum, at, the days draw on;
þá var liðit degi, the day was far spent;
5) to go on, take place;
ek vil vita, hvat þeim líðr, how they are getting on;
ok sér, hvat leið drykkinum, and sees, how it had gone with his drinking;
6) with preps. and advs.:
~ af e-u, to depart from;
~ af heimi, to depart this life;
~ af, to pass away (líðr af vetrinn = líðr fram vetrinn);
impers., ~ at e-u, to approach, draw near; …
leið, liðu, liðit, [Germ. leiden; Dan. lide], to suffer, endure, tolerate,—this sense is very rare in old writers, as, útlendir konunga-synir skyldu þar ekki líðask eðr vald hafa, Fms. vi. 134; but it appears after the Reformation, in the N. T. and in hymns, Pass., Vídal. passim.
2. to suffer; at svo byrjaði Kristi at líða, ok upp at rísa á þriðja degi af dauða, Luke xxiv. 46.
I)
(lið; leið, liðum; liðinn), v.
1) to go, pass, glide (er skipit leið fram hjá flotanum);
~ e-m ór hug, to pass out of one’s memory;
2) to pass by, go past (er þeir liðu nesit);
impers., en er líðr Euphrates á (acc.), when one has passed the E.;
sem leið jóladaginn, as the Yule-day passed;
þá (or þegar) er e-n líðr, when a person is omitted, passed over;
Úlfr jarl var ríkastr í Danmörku, þegar er konung leið, next to the king;
3) to pass away, elapse, of time (eigi munu margir vetur ~ áðr en þér munuð þessa iðrast);
at liðnum vetri, when the winter had passed;
liðinn, dead, deceased;
at liðinn fylki, after my lord’s death;
4) impers. with dat., nú líðr, svá dögum, at, the days draw on;
þá var liðit degi, the day was far spent;
5) to go on, take place;
ek vil vita, hvat þeim líðr, how they are getting on;
ok sér, hvat leið drykkinum, and sees, how it had gone with his drinking;
6) with preps. and advs.:
~ af e-u, to depart from;
~ af heimi, to depart this life;
~ af, to pass away (líðr af vetrinn = líðr fram vetrinn);
impers., ~ at e-u, to approach, draw near; …
pres. líð (líð’k, Edda); pret. leið; 2nd pers. leitt, mod. leiðst; pl. liðu; subj. liði; imperat. líð, líddu; part. liðinn; a weak pret. líddi occurs, Am. 50, Pr. 438, Ó. H. 167, Mirm. 167: [Ulf. ga-leiþan = ἔρχεσθαι; A. S. lîðan; O. H. G. lîdan; Engl. lithe; Germ. and Engl. glide.]
A. Loc. to go, pass, move, with the notion to glide, slip, of ships, passage through the air, riding, sliding on ice, and the like; ok er skipit leið fram hjá flotanum, Hkr. ii. 54: er lauss Loki líðr or böndum, Vtkv. 15; baðtu heilan líða, thou badest him fare (speed) well, Ó. H. (in a verse); áðr héðan líðir, ere thou passest from here, Fas. i. 519 (in a verse); líða yfir úrig fjöll, Hðm. 11; líða lönd yfir, Gsp.; hvat þar ferr, eða at lopti líðr?—Né ek ferr, þó ek flýg, ok at lopti líð’k, Edda (in a verse); líðandi (sliding) um langan veg, Vkv. 8; hverjar ‘ro þær meyjar er líða mar yfir, Vþm. 48, (mar-líðendr, q. v. = sea gliders); nú viltusk hundarnir farsins þegar þeir liðu at honum, Hom. 120; ok er skipit leið fram hjá flotanum, Hkr. ii. 57; líða hægt og hægt, of a vapour, of a ghost in tales, and the like. …
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n.
1) life; týna lífinu, to lose one’s life; taka (ráða) e-n af lífi, to take or put and end to one’s life; sitja um l. e-s, to attempt or seek one’s life; vera á lífi, to be alive, living; vera lífi minnr, to be dead; fyrir l. sitt, even if it should cost one’s life (þeir vilja ekki fyrir l. sitt frá hverfa); lífs, alive; lífs eða látinn, alive or dead; hvárki lífs né liðinn, lífs né dauða, neither alive nor dead;
2) body; lífs ok sálar, body and soul; esp. the waist, middle (hafði hann vafit klæðum um lífit);
3) person; at svá fagrt l. skyldi þann veg kveljast, that so fine a man should be tortured in that way.
n. [see lifa; A. S. lîf; Engl. life; O. H. G. lîp; Germ. leben; Dan. liv]:—life; í lífi ælífa, Hom. 160; endalaust líf, 107; ráða af lífi, taka af lífi, to take away one’s life, Ó. H.; þér skulut öngu fyrir týna nema lífinu, Nj. 7; líf er í hjarta, Fbr. 137, Hrafn. 28, and passim.
2. gen. lífs, alive; þá reis hann upp lífs ok heill, 656 A. ii. 14; meðan hann er lífs, Fms. xi. 111, Hkr. i. 141, Þiðr. 21: allit., lífs eða liðinn, Karl. 535; lífs eða látinn, Fb. iii. 402; at þú látir okkr hvárki skiljask lífs né dauða, Ó. H. 208; lífs gjarna, with all my heart, Mar.; unna e-m sem lífi sínu, Skáld H. 7. 38: á lífi, alive; vera lífi minnr, to be ‘minus life,’ dead, Ísl. ii. 315.
3. life, conduct of life; hreint líf, gott líf, passim in eccl. writers.
II. [Germ. leib], the body; bæði til lífs ok sálu, Barl. 19, 44; lífs ok sálar, body and soul, Mar.: esp. the waist, middle, hafði hann vafit klæðum um lífit, Fas. i. 508; a person, at svá fagrt líf skyldi svá kveljask, so fine a man, Barl. 149; annað er þar ágætt líf (a dear body) ætl’ eg hann heiti Sturli, Skíða R. …
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a. full of life.
adj. full of life, Hkr. i. 32.
n. = lífi 2.
n. life, conduct, freq. in mod. usage.
(að), v. to call to life, revive.
að, to call to life, revive, Barl. 84, 99, Fms. ii. 142, Stj. 78, Bs. i. 859.
2. to resuscitate, of one frozen, drowned, or apparently dead.
f. calling to life again.
f. a calling to life, Stj. 142, Stat. 300: resuscitation, of one apparently dead, lífganar-tilraun, f. an endeavour to recover one’s life.
n.
1) life;
2) conduct of life.
n. = líf, conduct, Barl. 43, 69, 89, 104, 185: in compds, hrein-lífi, saur-lífi, etc.
m. anniversary of one’s death.
m. the anniversary of any one’s death, ‘passio,’ Fms. xi. 309, Edda ii. 287.
m. sentence of death.
m. a sentence of death, 655 xiii. A. 2.
a. deserving death.
adj. deserving death, Fms. ix. 498.
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adj. native of Lifland, Fas. i. 379.
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a, m. the breath of life, Stj. 18.
f. sustenance of life.
f. food to sustain life, Fms. vi. 235, Stj. 420, Þorst. Siðu H. 180.
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n. life’s blood, Stj. 61.
f. biography.
f. the book of life, Greg. 75: a biography, Bs. ii. 163.
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n. the bread of life, Stj. 210.
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m. pl. = lífdagar.
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n. pl. the doors of life. Mar.
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n. pl. = lífdagar, Bs. i. 101.
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a, m. a life’s end, 656 B. 3.
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adv. very fain, Mar.
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n. pl. truce, safety of life, K. Á. 36, Fms. vii. 294.
m. danger of life, extreme danger.
a, m. life’s danger, Eg. 46, Edda 40, Bær. 16.
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n. ‘life’s county,’ Paradise, Post.
f. deliverance.
f. ‘life’s-help,’ deliverance, Edda 154 (pref.), Fms. viii. 441.
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f. vital motion, Stj.
a. active with life.
adj. bounding with life, Gkv. 2. 31.
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f. ‘life’s-doctrine,’ the gospel, Clem. 49.
n. pl. weariness of life.
n. pl. weariness of life, Fms. ii. 201.
n. sign of life (dauðamörk sé ek á honum, en eigi lífsmörk).
n. signs of life, in one apparently dead, Nj. 154.
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a, m. a life contract, Boldt 103.
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f. = lífsbjörg. food, Finnb. 234, Fms. ii. 227, iii. 12.
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n. [a ‘lis-pound,’ Orkney and Shetl. lispund, 18 lbs. Scots. qs. Lifskt pund from Liftand], a kind of weight, Gþl. 523; fjórar eru merkr ok sjautigir í lífspundi, MS. 732.
f. life history, biography.
u, f. a biography, 625. 82, Fb. iii. 237.
f. pl. ‘life-days’.
f. pl. ‘life-days,’ Fms. i. 216, ii. 2, viii. 93, Stj. 223.
m. life-time.
a, m. a life-time, Fms. iii. 89.
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n. the tree of life, Stj., Sks. 548 (of the cross).
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adj. bereft of life, Ýt.
f. hope of saving one’s life.
f. hope of life, hope of saving one’s life, Fms. viii. 441.
m.
1) means of saving one’s life;
2) way of life.
m. the way of life, Bs. ii. 50.
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f. an artery, Pass. 24. 12, 48. 10.
a. n. permitted to live (er-at l. vinum Ingimundar).
n. adj. fit to live; ekki líft, not fit to live; er-at vinum líft Ingimundar, Fs. 39: of a person, worthy of life, er allir rægja, ok kveða honum eigi líft vera, 656 C. 20, Post. 645. 98.
m. pl. life-days, life.
m. pl. life-days, life, Fms. i. 53, x. 270, Rb. 400, Al. 131, Karl. 101, N. G. L. iii. 99, Þorst. Síðu H. 180, Barl. 62, 91, 146, Stj. 139, Bs. ii. 148.
m. preserver of a person’s life, rescuer.
a, m. = Hfgjafi, bórð. 20 new Ed.
m. preserver of a person’s life, rescuer.
a, m. one who saves a person’s life, Lv. 101, Fas. iii. 308, Gísl. 51.
f. granting life or pardon to one.
f. the granting the life or pardon to one, Fs. 7, Anal. 201, Fms. iii. 161, vi. 224.
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adj. leading a noble life, Greg. 54.
f. the peritoneum.
mod. líf-himna, u, f. the ‘life-membrane,’ the peritoneum, Fas. iii. 138.
a. fearing for one’s life.
adj. fearing for one’s life, cowardly.
a. lifeless, inanimate (líflausir hlutir).
adj. lifeless, inanimate, Skálda 173, 174, Stj. 88.
n. loss of life, death.
n. loss of life, death; andlát (q. v.) is a natural, líflát a violent death, a being put to death, or death from wounds, Ó. H. 74, 219, Fms. i. 46, ii. 30, Ísl. ii. 270, Ld. 8, Bs. i. 78, Fs. 61, Barl. 129.
COMPDS: líflátsdagr, líflátsdómr, líflátsverðr.
v. to put to death.
lét, to put to death, Fas. i. 294, Fms. xi. 3, Hrafn. 28, Barl. 205, passim.
a.
1) alive, living;
2) life-supporting (líflig atvinna).
adj. ‘vital,’ Hom. 59, Skálda 173, Fms. ii. 226, Barl. 112: alive, living, Skálda 173, opp. to líflauss: lively, full of life, mod.: as also líf-liga, adv. vigorously.
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adj. ‘strong-lived,’ dying hard, Stj. 98: full of life.
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a, m. the ‘life-gore,’ gullet in fish.
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adj. ‘strong-lived,’ tenacious of life.
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m. a life stone, healing stone; see lyfsteinn.
n. loss of life, death.
n. loss of life, Stj. 329, Fms. viii. 147 (v. l.), Bs. ii. 117.
a. with hope of life, with hope of recovery.
adj. with hope of life, hope of recovery, Fms. xi. 142, Glúm. 381, Alg. 149.
f. artery.
f. a ‘life-vein,’ artery, Bs. i. 368, Mar.
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n. pl. healing herbs, Fas. iii. 396.
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n.
1) the living body (við þat l. at lifa);
2) the dead body, corpse (jarða l. e-s).
II)
n. bolt-rope, leech-line (of sails).
n. [Swed. lik; Engl. leeches; Dan. lig]:—a naut. term, the leeches, leech-line, the borders of a sail, Edda (Gl.); skautin ok líkin, Hem. (Gr. H.M. ii. 662).
I)
n.
1) the living body (við þat l. at lifa);
2) the dead body, corpse (jarða l. e-s).
II)
n. bolt-rope, leech-line (of sails).
n. [Ulf. leik; A. S. lîc; Old Engl. lich, in lyke-wake, lich-gate; O. H. G. lih; Germ. leiche; Dan. lig; Swed. lik]:—prop. the body, as in Ulf., who renders σωμα by leik, but νεκρός by nahs:
I. the body, the living body, in old poems; en þat it ljósa lík, Sól. 12; nema við þat lík at lifa, Hm. 96; líki leyfa ens ljósa mans, 91; auga þat er liggr í ljósu liki, Kormak; láss hélt líki drósar, Fms. vi. (in a verse); fólgið í móður líki Jötna dólgs, hid in the body of the mother of Thor, i. e. in the earth, Eyvind; cp. also the compds, lík-amr, lík-bjartr, lík-þrár (q. v.), etc.: it also remains in the prose phrase, í heilu líki, ‘in a whole body’ whole, intact, Ó. H. (in a verse): in mod. poetry, dýrðliga smurðu Drottins ‘lík,’ where = líkamr, Pass. 49. 6.
II. a corpse; þá var þvegit líkinu ok jardat um morguninn, Bs. i. 550; líkit var sveipat líndúkum en saumat eigi um, Eb. 264; þar sökk ok niðr lík Þorvalds, Nj. 19; búa um lík, to shroud a corpse, Grág. ii. 388; búa um lík göfugra manna, Eg. 94; fara með lík til graftar, Fs. …
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I)
(að), v. to please, satisfy, with dat. (líkaði yðr vel Finnskattrinn?); hvárt er honum líkar vel eðr illa, whether he likes it or not; e-m líkar vel (illa) til e-s or við e-n, one likes or dislikes a person (honum líkaði til Sighvats vel); líkaði við hana ekki illa, they liked her well enough.
II)
(að), v. to polish, burnish.
III)
adv. also (rare).
adv., Str. 72; the word is here a verb, an not an adverb, and means to please; ‘at líka konungi’ = in order to please the king.
I)
(að), v. to please, satisfy, with dat. (líkaði yðr vel Finnskattrinn?); hvárt er honum líkar vel eðr illa, whether he likes it or not; e-m líkar vel (illa) til e-s or við e-n, one likes or dislikes a person (honum líkaði til Sighvats vel); líkaði við hana ekki illa, they liked her well enough.
II)
(að), v. to polish, burnish.
III)
adv. also (rare).
að, [Ulf. leikan = ἀρέσκειν; A. S. lician; Engl. like; O. H. G. lihan; Swed. lika]:—to like: impers., cp. Old Engl. it liketh me, e-m líkar e-t, líkaði yðr vel Finnskattrinn, Eg. 61; at ek göra slíkt er mér líkar af því er ek varðveiti, 395; þetta líkaði Eiríki stórílla, Fms. i. 18: en með því at þeim líkaði (they wished) svá at hafa eðr þar við at auka, Íb. (begin.); hvárt er honum líkar vel eðr ílla, whether he likes it well or not, Ó. H. 54.
2. e-m líkar vel, ílla til e-s, to like one well or not; honum líkaði til Sighvats vel, Fms. iv. 89; Svía konungi líkaði stór-ílla Ólafs digra, 107:—líka vel við e-n, id.; líkar þeim vel við Brand, Lv. 24; líkaði hverjum manni vel við hann, Fms. vi. 112; en konungi líkaði eigi betr við þenna biskup, vii. 173; Hallgerðr sat mjök á sér um vetrinn, ok líkaði (mönnum) ekki við hana ílla, Nj. 25.
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part. painted with images; ker ok horn vóru öll líkuð, ok skygð sem gler, Hkr. i. 90.
m. = líkamr.
a, m. = líkamr, Stj. 148.
(-s, -ir), m. body.
m., gen. líkams, pl. líkami, dat. líkaminum, Stj. 55; a weak form líkami, a, m., is also freq.; [A. S. lîchoma; Old Engl. lichame; Scot. licama; O. H. G. lîhhamo; Germ. leichnam; Dan. legeme]:—the body, prop. qs. ‘flesh-cover’ or ‘flesh-frame’ (lík-hamr), denoting the body, its hue and frame, but used esp. of the living body; es þræls líkam tók á sik, Greg. 49; manns líkami, Gþl. 41; sálur ok líkamir, Hom. 160, passim; when used of the lifeless body líkamr is a gentler term than lík; síðan gengu til allir menn at sjá líkami þeirra, … hversu lítask yðr líkamir þessir? … ek hefi engis dauðs manns líkama sét jafnbjartan, Nj. 208; þeir fundu líkama Skarphéðins þar, 109; þá er líkamr þessa manns var útborinn, Fms. v. 218; slöri fnyk af líkamanum, x. 379; líkama föður síns, 408: thus in the N. T. σωμα is rendered by líkami, not lík, Matth. xvii. 58, 59, Mark xv. 43, 45, Luke xxiii. 52, 55, xxiv. 3, John xix. 38, 40 (of Christ in the grave):—metaph., sólarinnar líkamr, Stj. 16; af hræring nokkurs líkama, Skálda 173; saman lesa ór líkama heilagra Guðspjalla, H. E. i. 584.
II. in a metaph. or eccl. …
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adv. bodily, in the flesh.
adv. bodily, in the flesh, 761 B. 4: carnally, K. Á. 148, Sks. 785.
a. bodily, affecting the body (líkamlig heilsa); fleshly.
adj. bodily, in the body, Skálda 173, Bs. i. 550, Stj. passim.
n. form, shape.
f. form, shape, Edda 4.
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n. a pall, Vm. 54.
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f. ‘lyke-knell,’ ‘mortuos plango,’ the name of a famous bell, Bjarn. 136.
f. = líkferð.
f. = líkferð, ‘lyke-fare,’ burial, B. K. 110.
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u, f. ‘lyke-carrying,’ a funeral, Vm. 71, K. Þ. K. 18.
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f. a grave, Stj.
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m. grave-digging, Fbr.
n. lich-gate.
n. the ‘lich-gate,’ in a churchyard, Sturl. ii. 248.
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m. a hoe for grave-digging, Vm. 29, H. E. ii. 96, cp. Fél. viii. 71 sqq.
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n. a ‘lyke-cross,’ Ám. 90.
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n. a pall, Vm. 139.
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n. = líkakult, Pm. 34.
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m. the section of law on burials, K. Þ. K. 18.
I)
m. equal, match.
II)
(gen. pl. líkja), n.
1) body (l. leyfa ins ljósa mans);
2) form, shape (hann brá á sik l. graðungs eins).
a, m., qs. glíki, an equal, a match, Stj. 289, Fs. 56.
I)
m. equal, match.
II)
(gen. pl. líkja), n.
1) body (l. leyfa ins ljósa mans);
2) form, shape (hann brá á sik l. graðungs eins).
n., dat. líkjum, 656 C. 26, Hom. 46, Hom. (St.), Hkr. i. 10, [from lík, not from glíkr]:—a body; líki leyfa ins ljósa mans, Hm. 91; vexa vel blæju at verja þitt líki, Am. 101; þar eptir máttu merkja hans fegrð, bæði hár ok líki, Edda 15; líki fögr, beautiful, Bjarn. (in a verse).
2. með heilu líki, whole, Lat. integer, Fms. xi. 308, Al. 12; see lík.
II. form, shape; bera Valkera líki, Hallfred; þursa líki, Alm 2; lægjarn líki, Vsp. 39; í steins líki, Hkv. Hjörv. 30; í dúfu líki, Greg. 19; Djöflar kómu í ýmsum líkum ok allra optast í líki Þórs, Mart. 125; þá tók hann at skipta líkjum á sér ok ásjónum, 656 C. 26; hví þeir eru í þessum líkjum syndir, Hom. 46; hón brá sér í nauts-belgs líki vatns-fulls, Landn. 212; hann brá á sik líki graðungs eins, Edda (pref.) 148; hafa manns líki, Edda 9; hann brá á sik ymissa dýra líki, 149; fyrir hví eru þeir í þessum líkjum syndir, Hom. (St.); hann kunni þær íþróttir at hann skipti litum ok líkjum, Hkr. i. 10; þá er sólin gengr í hrúts líki (Aries), Rb. 478.
f. shape, form (hann lét gera járnkróka í l. akkerisfleina).
líkja, líkindi, líkleikr, líkligr, see glíking, glíkja, glíkindi, glíkleikr, glíkligr.
f. mercy, relief, comfort; veita e-m l., to relieve, soothe; hvat er til líkna lagt Sigurði, what comfort is assigned for S.?.
f. [lækna is the healing of the body, líkn the soothing of the mind or heart; the words seem to be identical: in very early usage líkn seems to denote bodily healing also, and particularly of relief in labour, hence the words líknar-galdr, -spor, -lófi in the old poems Sdm. and Hm., as also the líknar-belgr, although now only used of the caul of animals]:
1. healing, remedy; hvat er til líkna lagt Sigurði? Skv. 1. 30; leitaða ek í líkna, at letja ykkr heiman, I sought for means to let you from coming. Am. 46.
2. relief, mercy, comfort; sú erumk líkn, that is my comfort, Ls. 35; til leiðréttu ok líknar, Stj. 149; veita líkn, to relieve, soothe; hann lét þá næra með allri líkn (mercy, tenderness), Fms. ii. 226; biðja e-m líknar eðr lífs griða, vi. 113.
3. mercy, eccl.; biðja líknar sinni misgerning, Mar.; synda líkn, forgiveness of sin, id.; hann bað Guð líknar þegar hann féll í nokkura sök, Sks. 734; Drottinn minn gefi dauðum ró | hinum líkn er lifa, O my Lord, grant rest to the dead, relief to the living, Sól. 82.
COMPDS: líknabelgr, líknarbraut, líknarfullr, líknarfúss, líknargaldr, líknargata, líknarlauss, líknarleysi, líknarspor, líknaræðr. …
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(að), v. to show mercy to, with dat. (hann ~r hvers manns máli);
refl., ~st við e-n, to sue one for mercy (ef ek skal til blóta hverfa ok l. við goðin).
að, to shew mercy to, with dat.; sá er öðrum vill líkna, Hom. 5; hann líknar hvers manns máli, Fms. xi. 260; ek hefi beðit fyrir þér til Guðs at hann líkni þér, Orkn. 172, Rb. 310.
II. reflex. líknask, sue for mercy; ef ek skal til blóta hverfa ok líknask við guðin, Fms. ii. 41.
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adj. = líknsamr, Mar.
f. path of mercy.
f. the path of mercy, Bs. i. 94: name of an oid poem.
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adj. merciful, Sks. 732.
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adj. merciful, Geisli.
m. healing spells, charms.
m. healing spells, charms, Hm. 121.
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u, f. the way of grace, 625. 19.
a. merciless.
adj. merciless, Sks. 511, 550.
n. unmerciful disposition.
n. a hard heart, Sks. 513.
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n. ‘healing-step,’ a kind of charm; á lausnar lófa ok á líknarspori.
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f. a vein of mercy, Lil.
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m. the caul, esp. of calves, lambs, used instead of glass in the windows of ancient houses, see gluggr.
n.
1) shape, form;
2) graven image (l. Freys).
n. and líkneskja, u, f., see the references below; [prob. from lík, not from glíkr, for glíkneski never occurs]:—shape; sem Grikkir rita í öðru líkneski langan staf en í öðru skamman, the Greeks write in one form a long vowel and in another a short one, Skálda (Thorodd) 163; gjörum vér manninn eptir várri líking ok líkneskju, skapaði Guð manninn eptir sjálfs síns mynd ok líkneskju, … meðr heilagrar þrenningar líkneskju, Stj. 19, 20.
II. a graven image; á hváru-tveggja metinu var gört sem væri líkneskja manns, Fms. xi. 128 (Jómsv. 6. 27); fimm líkneski af gulli, Stj. 437; Pétrs líkneski, Vm. 19; Guðmundar líkneski, Pm. 64; lét hann göra eptir hánum eina líkneskju, Stj. 101; líkneskja várrar Frú, Mar.; þjóna dumbum líkneskjum dauðum ok daufum, Barl. 114; líkneski þat er Astarot heitir, Rb. 342; hann þóttisk standa fyrir líkneski því er Kristr var píndr, 370; þessu sama líkneski, Stj. 102: in the mod. phrase, vera eins og líkneskja í framan, to look as pale as a statue.
2. gramm. a metaphor; ok er þar svá skipt líkneskjum á enum sama hlut, Skálda 187.
f.
1) shape, form;
2) graven image (l. Freys).
u, f., see líkneski above.
a. strong in favour, beloved.
adj. fast in goodwill, beloved, Hm. 124.
a. helping, comforting.
adj. helping, comforting, Sks. 518, 728.
a. merciful.
adj. merciful, Sks. 519, Stj. 121, 156.
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adj. gracious, merciful, Stj. 547, Edda 15.
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f. mercy.
a.
1) like, resembling (fríðr sýnum ok mjök l. föður sínum); Kári er øngum manni l., K. has no match; líkt ok ekki, like nothing (Steinólfi þótti þat líkt ok ekki); at líku, all the same, nevertheless;
2) likely, probable (þat er ok líkast, at);
3) likely, promising, fit (lituðust þeir um, hvar líkast væri út at komast).
adj. alike; see glíkr.
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adj. leprous, Stj. 260.
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m. a leper, N. G. L. i. 97.
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f. leprosy, Stj. 324.
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n. a ‘lich-band,’ winding-sheet, 623. 14.
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f. pl. a bier, 623. 57, passim.
a. afraid of a corpse.
adj. afraid of a corpse, Gísl. 22.
f. winding-sheet.
u, f. a winding-sheet, Bs. i. 529.
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f. = valbrá (q. v.), Fél.
f. funeral journey, funeral.
f. a funeral, funeral journey, Eb. 264, Fms. ix. 534, x. 151.
f. funeral procession.
u, f., mod. lík-fylgð, a funeral procession, Mar., Fms. xi. 214, Mork. 10.
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f. = líkfærsla, K. Þ. K. 18.
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u, f. the carrying a body to a church, N. G. L. i. 135; the law ordered that a body should be brought to the church within five nights after death.
f. tolling, knelling.
f. the tolling for a funeral, death knell, Fb. iii. 452.
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adj. = líkblauðr.
f. coffin.
u, f. a coffin, Hkr. iii. 14, Fms. xi. 309.
m. one who assist at a funeral, a coffin-bearer.
m. a ‘lyke-man,’ grave-digger, or one who carries a body to the grave, Eb. 268.
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n., pl. líksimu, [lik = leeches], the leech line, N. G. L. i. 101.
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n. pl. [Ivar Aasen likstraa], ‘lyke-straw,’ N. G. L. ii. 247; dead bodies before being put into the coffin were put on straw, hence the phrase, öllum lengri var sú eina nótt, er ek lá stirðr á strám, Sól. 47; cp. also the Icel. nástrá, q. v.
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u, f. = líkblæja, a winding-sheet, Mar. 1010.
m. funeral dirge.
m. a funeral dirge, funeral service, Grág. i. 204. líksöngs-kaup, n., mod. líksöngs-eyrir, m. a funeral fee, K. Þ. K. 28, Grág. ii. 388.
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m. [Dan. ligtorn], a corn on the foot.
f. leprosy.
f. leprosy, Mirm., Magn. 517, Stj. 324, 616, Fas. iii. 642, N. T.
COMPDS: líkþráfullr, líkþrámaðr, líkþrásótt.
a. leprous.
adj. [cp. Ulf. þrutfills], ‘body-rotten,’ leprous, 625. 46, Hom. 43, Bs. i. 849, Barl. 35, Fms. xi. 309, Magn. 516, Stj. 616.
n. foliage, small branches.
n, [A. S. lîm; Engl. lime; Germ. leim]:—lime, chalk; Hannibal konungr lét sér leir bleyta með blóði Rómverja ok göra þar af borgarlím, Bret. (1849); af tigli ok lími, Stj. 67; var þat mikit musteri ok gört sterkliga at lími, Fms. vi. 267 (of the cathedral of Drontheim); Íllugi var son þeirra, hann druknaði þá er hann flutti lím til steinkirkju þeirrar er hann ætlaði at göra á Breiðabólstað í Vestr-hópi, Bs. (Krs.) i. 32, referring to about 1130 A. D.; lím ok tjara, Mag. 9, Fms. x. 186, Al. 29.
II. glue, paste, passim in mod. usage.
(-da, -dr), v.
1) to lime with mortar;
2) to glue (l. skegg við höku sér).
að, to lime with mortar; til steinsmíðar, at sníða, líma, ok niðr setja, Fms. xi. 428.
2. to glue; líma skegg við, höku sér, Fb. i. 130; hann lét líma ok búa öll blöðin niðr í kjölinn, Ísl. ii. 460, Flóv. 33 (of a shield): gramm., Skálda 170 (of two letters joined together, such as æ),
II. reflex. to cleave to, Stj. 292.
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f. liming; saman-líming, conglutination, Skálda 170, 177. límingar-stafr, m. id., Skálda 177.
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m., gramm. ‘clusters.,’ see Gramm. p. xv, col. 1 bottom.
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m. a cargo of lime, D. N.
v. to set in lime.
t, to lime, Hkr. iii. 62, Orkn. 352 (in a verse).
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part. out of joint, Þiðr. 16.
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n. lime-water, Mag. 9.
n.
1) flax (drósir suðrœnar dýrt l. spunnu);
2) linen, linen garment; ganga und líni, to be wedded.
f., in poët. circumlocutions, bauga-lín, auðar-lín, arm-lín (see Lex. Poët.), = hlín, q. v.
n.
1) flax (drósir suðrœnar dýrt l. spunnu);
2) linen, linen garment; ganga und líni, to be wedded.
n. [Ulf. lein = σινδών; Germ. lein; Engl. linen; Lat. līnum; Gr. λίνον]:—flax; spinna lín, Fas. iii. 594; drósir suðrænar dýrt lín spunnu, Vkv. 1; lín ok bygg, Stj.; smjör ok lín, eir, gull eða silfr, K. Á. 204; af sáði öllu, rúg ok hveiti, hampi ok líni, N. G. L. ii. 355; lín órengt (of a tax in Norway payable in that kind), O. H. L. 60; dóttir á lín allt ok garn, ok reifi ullar, N. G. L. i. 211.
II. [Lat. linteum], linen, linen gear, esp. the head-gear worn by ladies on the bridal day, höfuð-lín (q. v.); brúðar-lín, Þkv. 12, 15, 17, 19; hence, ganga und líni, to wed, be wedded, Rm. 37, where the earl’s bride wore a lín, the carle’s bride a ripti (of less costly stuff), whereas the thrall’s bride was not wedded at all; Guðrún (the bride) sat innar á þverpalli, ok þar konur hjá henni (the bride-maids) ok höfðu lín á höfði, Ld. 296; ok léttliga líni verit, to cohabit, Gkv. 3. 2.
B. COMPDS: línakr, Línakradalr, línbeðr, línbrækr, línbundin, líndregill, líndúkr, líneik, línerla, línfé, línfræ, língarn, línhúfa, línhvítr, línklútr, línklæði, línklæðalérept, línkyrtill, línlak, línligr, línlindi, línrefill, línsekkr, línseyma, línskauti, línsloppr, línsokkr, líntjald, línvefr. …
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I)
f. line, rope.
II)
f. bridal veil (cf. lín 2).
u, f. a line, and as a naut. term, the bowline, Edda (Gl.), cp. bóglína: a rope, hann tók glófana, beltið ok knífinn ok línu mjófa, … eptir þat fór hann í festina ok lét línuna draga sik af berginu undir fossinn, Gullþ. 8. Norsemen mostly used ropes of walrus skin (svörðr), but ropes of flax are also mentioned; meðan strengr ok lína brestr eigi, Orkn. (in a verse).
2. mathem. a line, Rb. 472, 474; Miðjarðar-lína and Lína = the Line, Equator, mod.: a line in a book or writing (mod.), skrifa línu-skakkt, to write the lines unevenly.
II. lín, a head-dress; Hlín línu, poët. a lady, Kormak; línu jörð, the earth of the lín = the head, Fms. v. 200 (in a verse); laut und línu, lysti at kyssa, Þkv. 27.
COMPDS: línuakkeri, línustrengr.
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m. a local name in Iceland from the growth of flax, Landn. 169, Band. (Cod. Reg.) fine.
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n. stuff of linen, Ann. 1332.
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n. an anchor with a line, Sturl. i. 119.
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m. a rope, cord, 623. 46.
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m. a flax field.
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m. a linen bed, Korm. (in a verse).
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f. pl. linen breeks, Ísl. ii. 83, Dropl. 29, Fms. ix. 24.
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f. part. ‘linen-bound,’ swathed in linen, of a lady, Eb. (in a verse).
m. linen tape.
m. a linen tape, Fms. viii. 288.
m. linen cloth, linen kerchief.
m. a linen kerchief, Eb. 264, Bs. i. 874, Fb. ii. 16: a linen cloth, Fms. i. 36, 113.
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f. and lín-gefn, poët. of a lady, Lex. Poët.
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u, f. the bird motacilla, a wagtail.
n. bridal gift.
m. ‘linen-fee,’ a bridal gift, given on the wedding day; hann (the bridegroom) skal ganga yfir gólf þvert ok gefa henni línfé, N. G. L. ii. 305, Ld. 200, Edda 75, Fms. x. 312.
n. flax-seed, linseed.
n. flax-seed, Pr. 474.
n. linen-yarn.
n. linen-yarn, Edda 39.
f. linen cap.
u, f. a linen cap, Nj. 193, Bs. ii. 79.
a. white as linen.
adj. white as linen, of a lady (from wearing linen), Hbl. 30.
m. linen kerchief.
m. a linen ‘clout’ or kerchief, Bs. i. 790.
n. pl. linen raiment.
n. pl. linen raiment, of a lady’s dress, Am. 12, Ld. 260: of men’s under-clothes made of linen, Orkn. 76, Fms. iii. 67, Dropl. 30, Fas. iii. 4, Sks. 287.
m. linen kirtle.
m. a linen kirtle, Sturl. i. 96, Stj. 308.
n. linen bed-sheet.
n. a linen bed-sheet; plur. línlök, Dipl. v. 8, Fms. v. 159.
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adj. linen, Stj. 318.
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a, m. a linen girdle, Stj. 318.
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m. a linen tapestry, Vm. 82.
m. linen sack.
m. a linen sack, Fms. i. 9.
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u, f. a nickname, Fms. x. 97.
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a, m. a linen sheet, kerchief, Bs. ii. 229.
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m. a linen surplice, Vm. 65.
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m. a linen sock, Hom. 138.
n. linen tent.
n. a linen tent, Fs. 180.
m. linen web, linen.
m. linen tissue, linen, Fms. x.
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a, m. [Dan. and Norse lire], a kind of tern, sterna nigra, Edda (Gl.): a nickname, Sturl. i. 176.
(lít; leit, litum; litinn), v.
1) to look; ok í augu leit, and looked him in the eyes;
2) to see, behold (Sölvi gat at l., hvar þeir flýðu);
3) with preps.. l. á e-t, to look on or at; to consider, take into consideration (hann kvazt mundu l. á slík mál); þótti Þrándr brátt hafa á litit, Th. was thought to have been hasty; l. á með e-m, to keep an eye on, take care of; l. til e-s, to look towards one; konungr leit ástaraugum til hennar, the king cast love glances at her; hver spurning lítr jafnan til svara, a question looks for an answer; l. við e-m, to look at one (keisari leit við honum ok spurði, hverr hann væri); l. yfir e-t, to look over (Þ. hafði litit yfir verk húskarla sinna);
4) refl., lízt e-m, it seems (appears) to one; leizt honum mærin fögr, he thought the maiden beautiful; svá lízt mér, sem, it seems to me that; lízt þér eigi silfrit, dost thou not like the silver?; hversu lízt þér á mey þessa, what dost thou think of this maiden?; leizt mér vel á konunginn, I was pleased with the king; recipr., to look to one another (fellst hvárt öðru vel í geð, ok litust þau vel til ok blíðliga). …
pres. lít; pret. leit, 2nd pers. leizt, pl. litu; part. litinn; imperat. lít and líttu; [a Goth. wleiton may be assumed, cp. litr, lit, leita, A. S. wlîtan; Lat. vultus; cp. Germ. ant-litz]:—to look, behold, see; ek lít, I see, behold, Haustl.; hinnig værir þú undir brún at líta, Nj. 55; Sölvi gat at líta hvar þeir flýðu, 247; ok í augu leit, and looked him in the eyes, Vsp. 21; hón leit báða uxana váta, Ísl. ii. 89; hón leit frú sína gráta, Str. 17: freq. in old and mod. usage, þá hóf hann upp sín augu ok leit Abraham langt burt, og Lazarum í hans skauti, Luke xvi. 23:—the phrases, líta ástar, vinar, öfundar, miskunnar augum til e-s, to cast a glance of love, friendship, envy, mercy, Fb. i. 421, passim; hann mátti eigi réttum augum til hans líta, he could not bear to look straight at him, Fms. iv. 48.
II. with prepp.; líta á e-t, to look at or on; hann stóð nokkura stund á hinn fótinn ok leit á stúfinn …, eigi þarftú at líta á, jafnt er sem þér sýnisk, af er fótrinn, Nj. 97; til á at líta ok eptir at skoða um landa-merki, Dipl. ii. 19; Þórr lítr á hornit ok sýnist ekki mikit, Edda 32; líttú á ljúfan, leggðú munn við grön … á leit Guðrún, Gkv. …
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(lítil, lítit), a.
1) little, small in size (lét hann læsa þá í ~i stofu); at ek var ekki l. maðr vexti, that I was not small of stature;
2) small in amount, degree, etc. (lítil var gleði manna at boðinu); sumar þetta var l. grasvöxtr, a small (bad) crop; landit er skarpt ok lítit matland, bad for foraging; hann er l. blótmaðr, no great worshipper; þat er lítit mál, that is a small matter; var hans móðerni lítit, of low rank; jarl hafði hann lengi lítinn mann gört, treated him shabbily; l. fyrir sér, of little account (þér munut kalla mik lítinn mann fyrir mér);
3) of time, short, brief; litla stund, for a short while; litlu siðarr, a little while after.
lítil, lítið, adj., and lítt adverb.; gen. lítils, lítillar, lítils; dat. litlum, lítilli, litlu; acc. lítinn, litla, lítið: plur. litlir, litlar, lítil; gen. lítilla; dat. litlum; acc. litla, litlar, lítil; compar. minni; superl. minnstr (q. v.): [Ulf. leitils = μικρός, ὀλίγος; A. S. lytel; Engl. little; O. H. G. luzil; Swed. liten; Dan. liden and lille: in Germ. the word was replaced by klein, prop. = bright = Engl. clean, but luzel remains in local names such as Lützel-stein = La Petite Pierre in Alsace]:—little, of stature; litlir menn ok smáir, Landn. 145; lítið barn, a little bairn, Ísl. ii. 326; ok sér hvar lá maðr … ok var sá eigi lítill, Edda 29; ekki lítill maðr vexti, 30; Þórr er lágr ok lítill, 33; svá lítinn sem þér kallit mik, þá …, id.; hvat er þat it litla (the little puny thing) er ek þat löggra sé’k, Ls. 44; inn Litli, a freq. nickname, Landn.:—small, of things, litla breiðöxi, Hkr. iii. 16; fjórar litlar munnlaugar, Dipl. iii. 47; opt veltir lítil þúfa miklu hlassi, a saying, a little mound may often upset a big wagon load, Al. …
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adv. of little consideration, lowly, Fms. i. 293, vii. 160.
a. of little worth, insignificant (sýnist þér þat lítilsvert?).
adj. little worth, Fms. vii. 105, Ísl. ii. 327.
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n. = lítilvægi, Odd. 24.
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see lítill B.
a. weak, small, of little account.
adj. (-liga, adv.), prop. of ‘little life,’ small, low, of small amount, Háv. 42 new Ed., Fas. i. 96.
a. n., e-m er ~ um e-t, one is not much pleased with.
adj.; vera lítilgæft um e-t, to be not much pleased with, Fb. iii. 242.
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part. little-minded, Mar.
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adj. humble, moderate, Vápn. 7.
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lét, to condescend, Str. 23.
adv. humbly.
adv. humbly, Stj. 229, Fms. i. 136, x. 261, Rb. 382.
a. condescending, humble.
adj. condescending, humble, Fs. 72, Sturl. i. 36, Bs. i. 306.
a. = lítillátligr.
adj. condescending, humble, Fms. i. 31, vii. 291, Orkn. 202 (v. l.), Band. 28 new Ed., Hom. 49, 148; af lítillátu hljóði, low voiced, Skálda 175.
m. smallness, littleness.
m. lowness, smallness, 623. 12, Barl. 100, Edda 146.
a. small-faced.
adj. small-faced, (mod. smá-leitr), Fms. viii. 321.
adv. little, in a small degree.
adv. little, in a small degree. Gísl. 44, Fms. ii. 65.
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adj. small.
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að, to humble; l. sjálfan sig, to humble oneself.
(-tta, -ttr), v., ~ sik, to humble oneself, condescend.
t; l. sik, to humble oneself, condescend, Fms. x, 232, Fs. 52: reflex., Stj. 33.
n. humility; condescenscion.
n. humility, condescension. Germ. demuth, Sks. 708, Orkn. 138, Fms. i. 147, Hom. 134, Greg. 29, Grett. 161 A, Fs. 53, Lil. 25, Mar. passim.
m. a poor, weak person.
a, m. a poor weak person, opp. to one strong and mighty, Stj. 652, Fms. ii. 182, Thom., Barl. 55.
adv. in a paltry manner.
adv. in an unmanly, paltry manner, Fs. 111, Nj. 210, 229, Eb. 160.
a. unmanly, low, mean.
adj. ‘mannikin-like,’ unmanly, low, mean, Eb. 12, Nj. 229, Ld. 170, Eg. 407.
n.
1) small, mean person;
2) one of low condition.
n. a mannikin, small, mean person, Ld. 10, Nj. 248, Fs. 56, Band. 24 new Ed.: one of low condition, Fms. vii. 183.
f. paltriness, meanness.
u, f. paltriness, meanness, Eb. 170, Hkr. ii. 35.
adv. = lítilmannliga.
adv. in an unmanly manner, Nj. 229, v. l.
a. insignificant, small.
adj. small, insignificant, vile, Fs. 63, Þjal. 23.
n.
1) smallness of estate, opp. to greatness;
2) degradation (henni þótti sér ~ í því at smá-konungar báðu hennar);
3) trifle (þér væri ~ í at skipta höggum við Vatsdœli).
n. smallness of estate, opp. to greatness; nú munu vér ætla oss hóf eptir váru iítilræði, Fagrsk. 134: degradation, en henni þótti sér l. í því at smá-konungar báðu hennar, Fms. vi. 30, x. 283, Al. 133, Karl. 76: a trifle, Al. 153, Finnb. 330.
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part., metaph. from sails, carrying little sail, feeble, timid.
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u, f. a nickname, Sturl.
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part. of little faith, N. T.
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adj. = lítilvægr, Hkr. ii. 234.
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adj. of little weight, moment.
a.
1) content with little (mun ek ~ at yfirbót);
2) particular (hann er ~ at orðum, ef honum er í móti skapi).
adj. content with little, Lv. 76, Þorst. hv. 41: easily offended (þægja = to offend), Fb. iii. 422.
as adv.
1) little; ek kann l. til laga, I know but little of the law; hann nam lítt stað, he made a little stand;
2) wretchedly, poorly, badly (hón bar sik þá l. ok grét allsárt).
as adv. little; ok lærðr heldr lítt, a little scholar, Ó. H. 144; ek kann lítt til laga, I know but little of the law, Nj. 31; hann nam lítt stað (made a little stand) ok hvarf þegar, Fms. vi. 60.
2. wretchedly, poorly; lítt ertú staddr, eða viltú þiggja líf at mér, Fb. i. 565; ok kveðr þá lítt vera komna, Fær. 235; fé þat er lítt var komit á skulda-stöðum, money badly invested, 241; em ek lítt leikinn, Am. 88; Ragnhildr lá á gólfi ok skyldi verða léttari ok var all-lítt haldin, Fb. ii. 263.
adv. a little, = lítinn þann; a small amount, a short time (mælti Gísli, at þeir skyldi bíða ~).
lítt-þat, adv. a little, a bit, a little way or while; hann hrærði höfuðit líttþat, Bs. i; nú verðr at víkja líttþat til þess, 197; æp þú eptir Starkaði líttat, Fb. i. 417; hann lýkr upp hurðunni líttat, Fbr. 11 new Ed; ok skeindisk hann þó líttat, Bjarn. 49; lúttu nú at mér líttat, Fms. xi. 102; tekr hann fingr hennar ok kreistir líttat, Þiðr. 134; at blóð-refillinn hans Vagns kæmi við mik í gær líttað, Fms. xi. 144; mælti Gísli, at þeir skyldi bíða líttat, Gísl. 157; en konungrinn hvak undan líttþat, the king drew back a little, Fms. x. 383; þér skulut nú bíða líttat, Mork. 183; þá er líttat linaði élinu, Fms. xi. 136; ýtti hann frá landi líttat, 656 C. 2.
II. lítinn þann = líttat; ok brosti at lítinn þann, and smiled a little, Fb. ii. 78.
I)
(lé, léða, léðr), v.
1) l. e-m e-s or e-m e-t, to lend one a thing (muntu mér, Freyja, fjaðrhams ljá?; bað hann ljá sér skip);
2) to grant, give (vil ek, at þú ljáir mér tómstundar til at finna Gizur); l. sik til e-s, to lend oneself to a thing (ef hann vill sik til þess l. at gera yðr mein);
3) impers., þat má vera, (at) þér ljái þess hugar at hverfa aptr, may be thou art minded to return; ef þér lér tveggja huga um þetta mál, if thou art in two minds in this matter.
II)
f. new-mown grass (kona hans rakaði ljá eptir honum).
III)
dat. and acc. from lé, scythe.
1. pres. lé, lér, mod. ljæ, ljær, pl. ljúm; pret. léði; pres. subj. lé (Blanda MS.), ljái, Nj. 77, Gg. 11, and mod.: the part. lénir (pl.), Fms. viii. (pref. xxv), is a relic of a lost strong inflexion; in mod. usage léðr; imperat. lé, 656 C. 35; mod. ljá or ljáðu: [Ulf. leiwan, a redupl. strong verb = δανείζειν, Matth. v. 42, Luke vi. 34; A. S. and O. H. G. lihan; Germ. leihen; cp. Icel. lán, lána, lén]:—to lend, with gen. of the thing, dat. of the person, but later with acc. of the thing; muntú mér, Freyja, fjaðrhams ljá? Þkv. 3; Óðinn léði Dag (dat.) geirs síns, Sæm. 114; ok ljái (subj., better lé) þér æ friðdrjúgrar farar, Gg. 11; nú hjálpi oss Guð, ok lé oss tóms at bæta syndir várar, Blanda (MS.); hón léði honum megin-gjarða ok járngreipa, Edda 60 (Cod. Worm.); þá léði hann Þórgesti setstokka (gen. pl.), Landn. 104; ef menn ljá göngu-mönnum fjár síns, Grág. i. 262.: ljá öðrum marks, ii. 304; ljá ambáttar, id.; ef maðr lér manni skips, 394; þeir léðu honum hesta (gen. pl.), Ld. 136; sá er skyldr at ljá skips er beðinn er, K. Þ. K. 8; lé þú mér höfuðdúks þíns, Post. 656, l. c.; at þú ljáir mér tómstundar, Nj. 77; Ingimundr lér þeim Stíganda (gen. …
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m. scythe, = lé (rare).
m., gen. ljás, a scythe; see lé.
COMPDS: ljádengsla, ljáfar, ljámús, ljáorf.
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u, f. the whetting of scythes.
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n. the single sweep of a scythe.
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f. a ‘scythe-mouse,’ a slice of sod cut with ths scythe in mowing.
n. scythe-handle.
n. a scythe-handle, Ísl. ii. 329.
n. verse or stanza of a song (ljóð þau, er kallat er gróttasöngr); a ditty, a charm in verse; usually pl., also in names of poems, as Hyndluljóð, Sólarljóð.
n., esp. in pl.; the spelling with h in Hyndlu-hliod, Fb. i. 11, and hljoðum, Fs. 94, note 4, is wrong and due to some transcriber who confounded it with hljóð (q. v.), which is a different root word, cp. the alliteration on l in Hm. 163, 164; [Ulf. liuþ in awi-liuþ and liuþon; A. S. leôð; Old Engl. lud; O. H. G. liôd; Germ. lied]:—a lay, song:
I. sing. a ditty; eigi lengr en gaukrinn þagði, eðr ljóð mátti kveða, Edda 79, cp. Ed. Arna-Magn. i. 376. note 14; eða lengr en svá ljóð eitt kveðak, Gs. 7; þá kvað þursinn af bjargi annat ljóð, Fas. ii. 29; ok þá varð henni ljóð á munni, 507; varð henni þá ljóð á munni, Fb. i. 525.
II. plur. songs, lays; in Hm. it is used of charms or spells, as also in Yngl. S. ch. 7—hann kunni þau ljóð, at upp lauksk fyrir honum jörðin ok björg ok steinar; allar þessar íþróttir kenndi hann með rúnum ok ljóðum, id.; hann ok hofgoðar hans heita ljóða-smiðir (‘lay-smith’) þvíat sú íþrótt (i. e. poetry) hófsk með þeim á Norðrlöndum, Yngl. S. ch. 6; so also, fullr er hann ljóða ok líkn-stafa, full of charms, and healing staves, Sdm. 5; …
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(að), v. to make verses, sing; l. á e-n, to address one in verse.
að, [Ulf. liuþon = ψάλλειν, Róm. xv. 9, and liuþareis = ὁ ἄδων]:—to make verses, sing; þessi maðr ljóðar á oss (addressed us in verse), ok kvað, Fb. i. 351; þat væri vel þóttú ættir annat at vinna en ljóða um þær Baldrshaga-meyjar, Fas. ii. 73; ok ljóðaði svá nöktr sín spádómsfræði allan þann dag, Stj. 471. 1 Sam. xix. 24:—recipr., Fas. i. 333.
f. verse-making, singing.
f. singing, verse-making; vaknat hefi ek við l. þessa, Hem. (Hb.)
m., álfa ~, the elves’ king.
a, m. [lýðr]; álfa ljóði, the elf-man, of Völund, Vkv. 10.
I)
m. = lýðr.
II)
m. blemish, defect.
1. m. = lýðr, Edda (Gl.), Hm. 134; see lýðr.
2. m., á-ljóðr, Ld. 30, a corruption for áljótr, q. v.
m = lýðbiskup.
(and lýð-biskup, Symb. 22), m. [from A. S. leôð-byscop; a word adopted from England through Christianity, and derived from A. S. leôð = people and byscop]:—a suffragan bishop, originally used of missionary bishops who preached the gospel among the ‘gentiles’ (gentes = leôð; Old Engl. lewd people), Bs. i. 690, Fms. ix. 278, Gþl. 364, Sks. 368, Hkr. iii. 362, Fms. vii. 240, H. E. i. 420, passim.
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m. a princely person, Ad. 4.
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f. the alliterative sub-letters (else stuðlar); tveir ljóðfyllendr við höfuðstaf, Edda 138; höfuðstafr ok fylgir þeim eínn ljóðfyllandi, 141.
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f. (spelt hljóðfylling, but erroneously), the alliteration of the sub-letters, Edda (Ht.) 131; þar er ok skothending ok ein ljóðfylling við höfuðstafinn, Edda.
m. pl. the people’s abode, world.
m. pl. the people’s abode, the world, Gg. 2.
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n. a trumpet (?), a nickname, Fb. iii.
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m. pl. men, people, Hkm.
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n. pl. poems, a collection of poems.
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a, m. the ‘song-pounder,’ poët. the tongue, Stor. 1; the metaphor taken from the tongue of a balance.
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m. pl. the ‘lay-staves,’ alliterative letters, freq. in mod. usage, although the word is not found in old writers; ljóðstafr is to be distinguished from hljóðstafr = a vowel.
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m. a song, Str. 2.
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u, f. = lýðska, peculiarity, habits, Edda 110: gramm. idiom, Íslenzk ljóðeiska, Rb. 4, Fas. iii. 58.
(að), v. to gleam, shine; ~r af e-u, a thing gleams or shines (~ði af, er sólin skein á).
að, [A. S. leoman; Engl. loom], to gleam, shine, used impers. in old writers; viða ljómaði af, er morgun-sólin skein á þau hin ágætu klæði, Fms. i. 147; ok hversu ljómar af þeim dýrum klæðum, Al. 75; ok ljómaði víða af á sjáinn er sólin skein á, Fms. ii. 303; af hennar geislum ljómar innan alla myrkvastofuna, Mar.
2. personal, in mod. usage, e. g. sólin ljómar, dagr ljómar, the day breaks; Ljómar ljós dagr, a hymn: part. ljómandi, shining, beaming; ljómandi fagr, beautiful.
m. flash of light, radiance.
a, m. [A. S. leoma; Old Engl. leme; Scot. and North. E. g-loaming; Hel. liomo; the Dan. lyn = lightning is a kindred word contracted from the Goth. lauhoma; cp. Scot. to leam]:—a beam, ray, radiance, Hkv. 1. 15, 21; skínn sól á alla glerglugga, ok berr nú ljómann um alla höllina, Þiðr. 15, Mirm. 35: freq. in mod. usage, dags-ljómi, day-beam, fyrst þá dags-ljóminn lýsir, Pass. 15. 8; dýrðar-ljómi, 41. 6.
II. a nickname, Fb. iii.
n. = león.
n. a lion; see león. ljóns-fótr, ljóns-kló, ljóns-lappi, all botan. names for Lady’s mantle = alchemilla.
m. pl. men (poet.).
m. pl. an obsolete law term, daysmen or umpires; ljónar heita þeir menn er ganga um sættir manna, Edda 107, Vsp. 14, Ýt. 3; it remains in Swed. local names, as Lin-köping = Ljóna-kaupangr, and Jon-köping, dropping the initial l according to the Swedish pronunciation.
m. louver or opening in the roof (for the smoke to escape by, and also for admitting light).
a, m. [from ljós; Swed. liure; Norse liore]:—a louvre or opening in the roof of ancient halls for the smoke to escape by, and also for admitting light, as the walls of such dwellings had no windows; falla eitrdropar inn um ljóra, Vsp. 44; hann komsk út um ljórann ok svá brott, Hkr. i. 267; ef hús verðr íelda í kaupangi, ok verðr eigi logi ljórum hæri, N. G. L. ii. 248; einn morgin kom hrafn á ljóra ok gall hátt, Landn. 161; hann lét snúa fjöl fyrir ljórann svá at lítið op var á, Fms. vi. 281. The men who kept watch used to sit by the louvre; sá er við ljórann sat ok vörð hélt, ix. 364; þat var siðr hans, þá hann drakk, at maðr skyldi sitja við ljóra ok horfa í gegn veðri á drykkju-skála hans ok halda vörð, Fas. ii. 81.
n.
1) a burning light (þeir þóttust sjá fjögur ljós í hauginum brenna); kveikja l., to make a light;
2) light of the sun, etc. (hefir þat ljós af sólu); fig., láta e-t í ljós, to bring to light, reveal; koma í l., to come to light, appear;
3) world; í þvísa ljósi ok öðru, in this life and the next.
n. [Dan. lys; Swed. ljus; cp. Goth. liuht; A. S. leoht; Engl. light; Germ. licht; Lat. lux]:—light; í ljósi, in light, opp. to í myrkri, Grág. i. 433; ok hefir þat ljós af sólu, Rb. 108, passim; sólar-ljós, sun-light; dags-ljós, day-light; stjörnu-ljós, star-light, Lil. 40; kerta-ljós, candle-light: and metaph., hreinlífis ljós, spektar ljós, Greg. 30, Post.; ljós heimsins, the light of the world, N. T., Pass., Vídal. passim.
2. of lamp or torch-light (Dan. lys), often in plur.; með brennandom ljósom, Hm. 99; þrjú vóru log í skálanum … manns-hönd kemr á hit þriðja ljósit, ok kæfir ljósit, Gísl. 29; þar brann ljós, Ó. H. 72; þar brann ljós á kerti-stiku, Fb. i. 258; þeir þóttusk sjá fjögur ljós í hauginum brenna, Nj. 118; kom þá konungr til ok lét bera til ljós, Eg. 216; hvert þat ker eða kerti sem ljósit fylgir, Stj. 76: kveykja, tendra ljós, to make a light, Fs. 38, Sturl. iii. 182; slökkva ljós, to blew it out; but also, drepa ljósið, to ‘kill’ a light, i. e. to extinguish it; skrið-ljós, a lantern; gangi brúðgumi í ljósi í sama sæing konu, Grág. …
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u, f. [Lat. lucina], a nurse or foster-mother, who was usually a midwife also, freq. in mod. usage, also called ljós-móðir, ‘light-mother;’. hún ljósa mín! hún ljósmóðir mín!
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n. pl. the ‘light-shift,’ twilight; í ljósa-skiptunum.
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a, m. [Dan. lyse-stage], a candlestick, chandelier.
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n. pl. snuffers.
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n. the light-water, a local name: Ljósvetningar, m. pl. the men of L., Landn.
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see below s. v. ljóss.
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u, f. a chestnut mare.
a.
1) light, bright; l. dagr, a bright day; verða ljóst, to grow light, dawn;
2) bright, shining (hann hafði exi ljósa um öxl);
3) light-coloured, fair; l. á hár, light-haired, = ljóshárr; ljós vara, ermine;
4) clear, evident, plain (hitt er ljóst, at þeir muni vilja vera úvinir mínir); vil ek ljósan gera mik, I will speak out plainly, make a clean breast.
adj., compar. ljósari, superl. ljósastr; gen. fem. sing. ljóssar, Vkv. 5, mod. ljósrar; dat. fem. sing. ljóssi, Korm. (in a verse), mod. ljósri; gen. pl. ljóssa, mod. ljósra:—light, bright, shining; ljóss ok fagr, Edda 7; ljóss dagr, a bright day, Sól. 12; ganga ljósum logum (allit.), with ‘light lowes,’ bright lights; um morguninn eptir er ljóst var, Hkr. i. 61; gera ljóst, to dawn, Anal. 228; verða ljóst, to grow light, dawn, Fms. ix. 21, Eg. 219: of metals, ljósa exi, a bright shining axe, Ld. 276; ljósan lé, a bright scythe, Fsm.; ljósir aurar, the bright gold, Sól. 34: of a light-coloured horse, ljóss hestr and Lýsingr, but the ancients said hvítr hestr: of hue, ljóss í andliti, Fms. ix. 535; líki ens ljósa mans, Hm. 91; þat ljósa lík, Sól. 12; löttu ávalt ljósar, the ‘bright,’ fair ones, i. e. the ladies, Am. 29; sinnar ljóssar kvánar, Vkv. 5: ljós vara, light ‘ware,’ ermine, Eg. 69: also of food, milk, and the like, whence ljósa-verk, n. dairy work, Nj. 185; cp. hvítr matr.
II. metaph. clear, evident, plain; ljóst er boðorð Drottins, Hom. 96; en hitt er ljóst, at …, Eg. …
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(lýst; laust, lustum; lostinn), v.
1) to strike, smite (laust hann sveininn með sprota); l. e-n kinnhest, to give one a box on the ear; hann lýstr ofan í miðjan hvirfil honum, he dealt him a blow in the middle of the crown; laust hann selinn í svima, he stunned the seal (by a blow on the head);
2) to strike, hit, with a spear, arrow (þá var Knútr lostinn öru til bana); Þjóstólfr skaut broddi, ok laust undir kverkina, and hit him under the chin;
3) phrases, l. árum í sjó, to dash the oars into the sea; l. eldi í, to put fire to; l. e-u upp, to spread a rumour (skal ek þá l. upp þeim kvitt, at); l. upp herópi, to raise the war-cry; l. e-u við e-u, to put forth in defiance against (E. laust skildinum við kesjunni); G. lýstr við atgeirinum, G. parries the blow with the bill;
4) impers. illviðri lýstr á, bad weather comes on of a sudden; laust í bardaga með þeim mikinn, it came to a great battle between them; laust hræzlu í hug þeim, they were panic-stricken; e-m lýstr saman, to come to blows, begin to fight; ok er saman laust liðinu, when they came to close fighting; myrkri lýstr yfir, darkness comes on suddenly. …
pres. lýstr, pl. ljóstum; pret. laust, 2nd pers. laust, pl. lustu; subj. lysti; imperat. ljóst (Þiðr. 323), ljóstú (Kormak); part. lostinn:—a weak pres. lýstir, Grág. ii. 15, Rb. 356; a weak pret. lýsti, Þd. 13 (listi Ed.), Lv. 24, Post., see Lex. Poët.:—to strike, smite, hann hóf upp knatt-tréit ok laust Grím, Eg. 189; ok laust hann sveininn með sprota, Nj. 16; þá reiddisk Þorvaldr ok laust hana í andlitið svá at blæddi, 18; ílla er þá ef ek em þjófs-nautr, ok lýstr hana kinnhest, 75; þá skal ek nú, segir hón, muna þér kinnhestinn þann er þú laust mik, 116, Fms. vii. 157; hann laust við eyra Sámi, Sturl. iii. 123; hann laust milli herðanna Bergi með hjöltunum, Fs. 52; mun þess goldit vera, at þú lýstir mik saklausan, Post.; en þat er Jökull bróðir minn laust þik högg, þat skaltú hafa bótalaust, Fs. 57, Sturl. iii. 26; heldr en þeir lysti á stokk eða stein, Fms. vii. 227; ljósta á dyrr, Finnb.; or ljósta högg á dyrr, Fs. 131; ok laust í höfuð mér svá mikit högg, at haussinn lamðisk, Fms. ii. 188, Bs. i. 335; laust hann selinn í svima, 342; segja menn at hann lysti (subj.) af honum höfuðit, Edda 36; lýstr ofan á miðjan hvirfil … reiðir þá hamarinn af öllu afli ok lýstr á þunn-vangann, 30; …
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(gen. -rs), m. salmon-spear.
m., the r is radical, [Scot. leister; Ivar Aasen ljoster; Swed. ljustra; Scot. leister; cp. the description in Scott’s Guy Mannering]:—a salmon-spear, Pr. 454: metaph. in upp-ljóstr.
m. light-elf.
m. the Light Elves, opp. to the Dökk-álfar, the Dark Elves, Edda 12.
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adj. light blue, D. N., freq. in mod. usage.
a. light yellow, pale.
adj. pale, fawn-coloured, of a horse, Grett. 75, 157 new Ed.
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a, m. the burning of a light, 623. 51.
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m. angel of light, Pd.
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adj. light-eyed.
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a, m., poët. the ether, sky, Edda (Gl.)
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adj. light-hued, Ýt.
a. light-haired.
part. light-haired, Stj. 81, Sturl. iii. 112 C.
a. light-chestnut (hárit ljósjarpt, ~ á hár).
adj. light chestnut, Fms. v. 238, ix. 535, Hkr. i. 320.
n. lantern, lamp.
1. n. a lantern, Stj. 394, 544, 565, Rb. 378, 380, Vm. 7, Pr. 79, Fb. ii. 375, Bret. 118, Mar.
2. n., prop. a ‘light-vessel,’ a lamp (not lantern), cp. Mar. 679, 1036, 1037, Thom. 483.
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a, m. brightness, Fms. x. 169, Hkr. i. 72.
adv. clearly, plainly.
adv. clearly, plainly, Skálda 168, Odd. 107 new Ed.
a. clear, plain.
adj. clear, plain.
a. light-hued, light-coloured.
part. light-hued, Nj. 29, Eb. 42, Fms. ii. 20, vii. 321.
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f. a ‘light-mother,’ = ljósa, q. v.
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m. a lighting tax, a fee to a church for lighting, H. E. ii. 223.
a. ugly (Þ. var manna ljótastr); fátt mun ljótt á Baldri, on Balder there are few blemishes.
adj., ljótari, ljótastr, [cp. Dan. lyde], ugly, hideous, misshapen, of the body; Þórarinn var allra manna ljótastr, hann hafði hendr miklar ok ljótar … þat er manns fótr, sá er ek hygg, at engi skal hér í kaupstaðnum ljótari vera … at eigi muni fást jafnljótr fótr … ok er þessi því ljótari, at hér er ef en mesta táin, Ó. H. 74, 75; Grímr var svartr maðr ok ljótr, Eg. 3; en fleiri vóru Mýramenn manna ljótastir, 771; at hann mundi verða ljótr ok líkr feðr sínum, svartr á húrs-lit, 147, 459 (the verse); mikill vexti ok ljótr, Fms. vi. 200; þat ætla ek at eigi fæðisk upp ljótari maðr en þú ert, 207; ljótari ok leiðiligri, ii. 137; þenna kýs ek, fátt mun ljótt á Baldri, Edda 46; hann var mikill maðr ok sterkr, ljótr ok hljóðlyndr, Eb. 42.
II. metaph. bad, sore, hideous; et ljóta líf, Ls. 4; sé þar ljótan harm, faðir, what a shame! Edda 58; ljótar syndir, Bs. 1. 319; ljótr í siðferði, Mar.; ljótastar sakir, rán ok stuldir, Sks. 664.
III. in pr. names, Ljótr, Ljót-ólfr; of women, Ljót, Ljótunn, Landn.; and as the latter part, Arn-ljótr, Þór-ljótr, id., Fb. iii.
m. ugliness.
m. (-leiki, a, m.), ugliness, Stj. 201, 309, 319.
adv. in an ugly manner.
adv. in an ugly manner, K. Á. 28, H. E. i. 467.
a. ugly, hideous.
adj. ugly, hideous, Sks. 528, Al. 87, Fb. i. 497.
a. with ugly limgs.
part. with misshapen limbs, ugly, Fb. iii. 416.
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part. misshapen, Hallfred.
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m. [Germ. liebling], a ‘loveling,’ an elf, fairy, freq. in mod. usage, Maurer’s Volks.
COMPDS: ljúflingslag, ljúflingsmál.
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n. the fairy metre, the mod. name of a metre like the old kviðu-háttr.
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n. pl. a fairy song, Maurer’s Voiks.
a.
1) beloved, dear (l. e-m);
2) mild, gentle (hann var l. ok lítillátr við alla);
3) ljúft ok leitt, pleasant and unpleasant, weal and woe.
adj., ljúíari, ljúfastr. [Ulf. liubs = ἀγαπητός; A. S. leôf; Old Engl. lef; provinc. Engl. lief; O. H. G. liub; Germ. lieb]:—dear, beloved; Guði ljúfir, acceptable to God, Hom. 159; allir vildu svá sitja ok standa sem honum var ljúfast, Bs. i. (Laur. S.); líttú á ljúfan, Gkv. 1. 13; hinn ljúfi lávarðr, Fms. v. 148, Fsm. 50; sinn ljúfa búanda, Þiðr. 308, 318; ljúfa lávarð, Fb. ii. 385: in addressing one, heyr minn ljúfi Írungr! 329; sæll ok ljúfr, Sigurðr minn, Skíða R. 185: in mod. usage as subst., ljúfi, my love! or ljúfrinn minn!
2. mild, gentle, kind; hann var ljúfr ok lítillátr við alla, Bs. i. 76; and so in mod. usage, cp. ljúfmenni.
3. allit., ljúfr ok leiðr, opt sparir leiðum þats heftr ljúfum hugat, Hm. 39; ljúfr verðr leiðr, ef lengi sitr annars fletjum á, 34; ljúft ok leitt (mid. H. G. liep unde leit), nice and nasty, weal and woe, Fms. viii. 48, Orkn. 284; at ljúfu ok at leiðu, N. G. L. i. 50; gegna jafnt ljúfu sem leiðu, 51; ljúft sem leitt, weal and woe, Js. 76.
II. as a pr. name, Ljúfa, whence Ljúfu-staðir in western Iceland. …
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adj. sweet, agreeable, of a dish.
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adv. graciously.
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n. loveliness of mind, Pass.
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n. a meek, lovable person.
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adj. lovely, sweet, Stj. 289.
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m. a sweetheart, Ísl. ii. 256 (in a verse).
(lýg; laug or ló, lugum; loginn), v.
1) to lie, tell a lie (lýgr þú nú, Atli!); mannfýla sú, er þetta hefir logit, the rascal who has told this lie; l. e-n e-u, to charge one falsely with a thing (ef hann er loginn þessu máli); l. e-u at e-m, to tell a lie to one (eigi er logit at þér); l. á e-n, to tell lies about one, belie; l. til e-s, to tell a lie about (l. til faðernis);
2) to treat falsely; Brandr mun eigi ~ stefnuna, B. will not fail to come; lýgr skjöldrinn nú at mér, now the shield proves false to me, fails me;
3) refl., ~st, to fail, prove false or untrue (hefir yðr þat sjaldan logizt, er ek sagða).
pres. lýg, pl. ljúga; pret. laug, 2nd pers. laugt, mod. laugst, pl. lugu; subj. lygi; part. loginn; a pret. ló (qs. lóg) also occurs, Ver. 16, Nj. 270, Lex. Poët.; pret. pl. lógo, Post. 231; later lugu: [Ulf. luigan = ψεύδεσθαι; A. S. leôgan; Engl. lie; O. H. G. liugan; Germ. lügen; Swed. ljuga; Dan. lyve]:—to lie, tell a lie, þetta hefir hann logit, Nj. 80; fyrir logna sök, Al. 26; þóat hann lygi, Finnb. 346; þú gerðir at ek laug, Hom. 154; drjúgr var Loptr at ljúga, Þd. 1; lýgr þú nú, Am. 100.
2. with prep.; ljúga at e-m, to tell lies to one; þá máttu nú finna skjótt hér sönn dæmi, at eigi er logit at þér, Edda 19, Karl. 180, 399; hví viltú svíkja mik, at þú lýgr æ at mér, Stj. 416, Fms. vi. 257 (in a verse): ljúga á e-n, to lie about a person, slander; ok er hón fékk þat ekki þá ló hón á hann, Ver. 16: ljúga frá, to tell lies; en um allir sagnir hallaði hann mjök til, en ló víða frá, Nj. 270; ok sízt sé logit frá honum, and that what is told of him is true enough, 32.
II. to break an engagement, belie one’s word, fail, absol.; svá segir mér hugr um sem Brandr mun eigi ljúga stefnuna, B. …
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a, m. a liar, Art.
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m. a liar, in compds; vá-ljúgr, q. v.
m. false oath, perjury.
m. a false oath, perjury, Post. 645. 77, 656 A. 16.
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m. some part of a sword, Edda (Gl.)
a. untruthful.
adj. untruthful, inaccurate, Al. 25, (ó-ljúgfróðr.)
n. pl. false evidences.
n. pl. false evidences, Grág. i. 117.
a. false to one’s word (cf. ú~).
adj. false to one’s word, Bs. i. 515, (ú-ljúgheitr.)
m. false verdict.
m. a false verdict, kviðr (q. v.), Grág. i. 53, 130, Nj. 150.
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n. lying, mendacity, Lex. Poët.
a. prophesying falsely.
adj. false-speaking, prophesying falsely, Fms. x. 468.
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m. a false witness, perjurer, Hom.
n. false witness, perjury.
n. false witness, perjury, Fms. vi. 195, Nj. 150, Bs. i. 665, Th. 10.
n. false witness, perjury.
n. = ljúgvitni, Grág. i. 44.
n. falsehood.
n. a falsehood, lie, Sks. 339.
v. see lúka.
see lúka.
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u, f. a harlot (?), a word of abuse, Edda ii. 489.
m. juggler, jester.
a, m. [Engl. loiterer; O. H. G. lottir; mid. H. G. loter]:—a juggler, jester, tramp, a word of abuse, Konr. 42, Þiðr. 140, Pr. 403. loddara-skapr, m. the behaviour of a loddari.
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a, m. a shaggy dog.
(loði, lodda, loðat), v. to cleave to, stick, hang on (haf þú þat silfr, er í hárinu loðir); Hrútr hjó á fót Þjóstólfi svá at lítlu loddi við, so that it hung by a shred; hón loddi á hringinum eptir magni, she kept as firm hold as she could of the ring.
pres. loði; pret. loddi; part. loðat; but the part. adj. loðinn points to a lost strong verb:—to cleave to, cling fast, stick, the original notion being of a shaggy, hairy thing; þat er liðnm loðir saman, N. G. L. i. 345; en þegar er nokkurr maðr átti samlag við konu innan borgar, þú loddu þau saman sem hundar, Fms. xi. 385; lát hella silfr í höfuð þér ok haf slíkt sem í hárinu loðir, vi. 375; hón loddi ok límdisk við hendrnar, Stj. 292; hold loðir yðr í klóm, Hornklofi; loddi rá við raman reimuð Jötun-heima, Haustl.; en svá loddi honum þat vel í eyrum, at …, Bs. i. 163; Rútr hjó með hægri hendi á fót Þjóstólfi fyrir ofan knéit svá at litlu loddi við, i. e. cut the leg nearly off, so that it hung by a shred, Nj. 28; í því hjó Eyjólfr á þumal-fingrinn á honum, ok loddi köggullinn á sinunum, Lv. 86; þau drógusk um einn gullhring … hón loddi á hringinum eptir magni, they pulled by a ring, and she clung to the ring, i. e. did her best to hold it fast, Fas. iii. 387; lífit loðir varla í e-m, Str. 56:—with the notion of shagginess, þá fundu þeir at hann loddi flærð einni, they found that he was all shaggy (clothed) with falsehood, Clem. 24. …
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m. fur cloak.
a, m. [A. S. loða], a fur cloak, Gm. 1, Hðm. 17; loða rauða, Gkv. 2. 19.
a.
1) hairy, shaggy, woolly; ær loðnar ok lembdar, ewes in fleece and with lamb; l. sem selr, shaggy as a seal;
2) covered with thick grass (túnit var úslegit ok gekk hestrinn þangat sem loðnast var).
part. shaggy, thick, of a fleece, as also of a field, crop of grass; loðin sem dýr, Al. 171; loðin sem selr, Fb. ii. 26; Loppa með loðna skó, Ísl. Þjóðs.; ær loðnar ok lembdar, ewes in fleece and with lamb, Grág. i. 502, Bs. i. 334, passim: of grass, túnit var úslegit ok gékk hestrinn þangat sem loðnast var, Grett. 107; var taðan svá loðin, at …, Finnb. 340, Stj. 258, Fb. i. 522; á grasi þóat loðit væri, Fms. ii. 278; kaf-loðinn, very shaggy or thick, of grass.
COMPDS: loðinfingra, loðinhöfði, loðinkinni.
II. in pr. names, Loðinn, Fms.; Loð-höttr, Loð-mundr, Landn.
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u, f. hairy fingered, the nickname of an ogress, Edda (Gl.)
m. shaggy head.
a, m. shaggy head, a nickname, Vápn.
m. shaggy cheek (nicknames).
a, m. shaggy chin, a nickname, Fas.
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u, f. a shaggy spot, thick crop.
2. a kind of herring, clupea villosa.
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f. shaggy breek, the nickname of a mythical Danish king, Landn., Fas. i, Ragn. S. ch. 1, 2.
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m. a rough, hairy kerchief, Edda ii. 494.
f. fur cloak, = loði.
u, f. = loði, Grett. 101, Eg. 574, Orkn. 400, Fms. i. 149.
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adj. talking thick.
f. a large fur doublet.
u, f. a large fur doublet, Eg. 574, Mag. 63.
n.
1) praise, good report (opt kaupir sér í litlu lof);
2) leave, permission (ef konungr vill þeim lof til gefa);
3) in pl. license; þeir skulu ráða lögum ok lofum, the administration rests with them.
n. [A. S. and Old Engl. lof; Germ. lob]:—praise, good report; opt kaupir sér í litlu lof, Hm. 51; lof ok líknstafi, 8; lof ok vit, 9; líknfastan at lofi, 124; ok lagði þar mest lof til er honum þótti makligir, Eg. 33; hón leit á um hríð, ok ræddi hvárki um löst né lof, Ld. 202: in plur., vár lof, Mar. (655 xxxii. 3); opt byrjuð lof, Sighvat (Hkr. iii. 13, in a verse).
2. a laudatory poem, encomium; hér er ok lof kallat skáldskapr, Edda 96; lof Sindra, Fms. iv. 13 (in a verse); vildir þú fásk í því sem þér er ekki lánat, at yrkja lof um mik, Fb. i. 215.
II. license, allowance, permission; ef konungr vill þeim lof til gefa, Eg. 86; en er þeir fengu lof til at mæla við hann, Ó. H. 131; konungr segir at hann mundi hvárki þar til leggja lof né bann, Eg. 349: biðja lofs til e-s, to ask for leave, Grág. i. 38:—allit., lof ok leyfi, nema mitt lof ok leyfi sé til, Ó. H. 99.
2. in plur. a law term, license, in the allit. phrase, lögum ok lofum; þeir (the legislative) skulu ráða lögum ok lofum, they have to rule laws and licenses, i. e. the legislature rests with them, Grág. i. 4, passim; …
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(að), v.
1) to praise (lofa konung þenna, en lasta eigi aðra konunga);
2) to allow, permit (l. e-m e-t);
3) to promise (hann lofaði at koma aptr).
að, imperat. lofaðu, in popular pronunciation lof’mér or lom’mér! lommér að fara; [cp. leyfa; both forms refer to a lost strong verb, ljúfa, lauf, lufu; A. S. lofian; North. E. loave; Germ. loben; Scot. loue or loif]:
I. to praise; lofa konung þenna sem þér líkar en lasta eigi aðra konunga, Fms. vi. 196: with gen. of the thing, sé Guð þess lofaðr, be God praised that …, viii. 219, Nj. 58, 109, MS. 623. 19.
II. to allow, permit; lofa e-m e-t, Eg. 35, K. Á. 176, 230, Stj. 225, H. E. i. 491; lofa is in mod. usage the common word, leyfa is obsolete.
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f. leave, permission, Hom. 144.
a. praiseworthy.
adj. laudable, Fms. x. 87, MS. 732. 13.
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m. the name of a dwarf, Vsp.
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a, m. the name of a mythical king, Edda:—lofðar, m. pl. men, heroes, Edda (Gl.), Ýt., Lex. Poët.
m. poet. prince, king (þar átti ~ land á milli).
m., poët. a king, prince, Hkv., Sighvat, passim:—in plur. the kinsmen of king Lofði, Edda.
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adv. gloriously.
a.
1) laudatory, praising (loflig orð);
2) praiseworthy, glorious.
adj. praising; loflig ræða, a panegyric, Skálda 197; loflig orð, laudation, Hkr. iii. 244: glorious, praiseworthy, Stj. 288, Blas. 47; í hans lofligu lífi, Orkn. 160.
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f. [akin to Engl. love], the name of the goddess of Love, Edda 21.
n. praise.
n. praise, laud, Fms. x. 179, Bret. 16.
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m. fame, glory, honour.
f. laudatory poem.
u, f. an encomium, Landn. 283.
a. eager for praise or renown.
adj. praise-worthy, Ýt.
a. laudatory.
adj. laudatory, Fb. ii. 200.
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f. praise, Fbr. (in a verse), freq. in mod. eccl. usage, Vídal.: worship, praise, Bs. ii. 157.
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part. ‘praise-bereft,’ wicked, Hallfred.
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part. glorious, Lex. Poët.
n. laudatory poem, encomium.
u. an encomium, Eg. 418, Fb. i. 214, ii. 306.
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m. a ‘pile of praise,’ a pyramid of praise, poët. a poem, Ad.
n. leave, permission.
n. leave, permission; at engu loforði biskups-efnis, Bs. i. 475; leggja loforð til e-s, Fas. ii. 328.
II. in mod. usage, a promise; halda, efna loforð sitt.
adv. gloriously.
adv. gloriously, Fms. vi. 206.
a. glorious.
adj. glorious, Fms. i. 259, Stj. 32, 170, Bs. i. 38, ii. 3.
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f. an encomium, Gd. 40.
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f. a glorious ‘spae’ or prophecy, 656 A. 19 (of the song of Simeon).
f. esteem, fame.
u, f. esteem, fame, Str. 16.
a. glorious, famous.
adj. glorious, famous, Ýt. 14, Hom. 107, Str. 19.
m. song of praise, hymn.
n. [Germ. lobgesang], a song of praise, hymn, Hom. 142, Magn. 450, Fms. xi. 308, Rb. 396, freq. in mod. eccl. usage.
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u, f. a ‘praise tongue,’ soubriquet of a poet, Fms.
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adj. praiseworthy, Fms. v. 100.
n.
1) flame (kerti mjök mikit ok log á);
2) esp. pl. lights, torches (þrjú vóru log í skálanum).
n. [Old Engl., Scotland North. E. lowe], a flame; þeir gáfu honum kerti mjök mikit ok log á, Ó. H. 152; ef kerti er látið í vatnið, þá er log er á því, Rb. 352; hræ-log (q. v.), ignis fatuus.
2. esp. in plur. light (candlestick); vóru log upp dregin í stofunni, Sturl. iii. 182; þrjú vóru log í skálanum, Gísl. 29; þá vóru log kveykt í tjöldunum, Fb. ii. 128; með sverð ok stangir ok log, Hom. St. (John xviii. 3).
(að), v. to burn with a flame, to blaze; hyr sé ek brenna, en hauðr l., I see the fire burning and the earth ablaze.
að, [Old Engl. to lowe], burn with a flame; þeim endanum er logaði, Eg. 238; loganda eldi-brand, Nj. 194; hyrr sé ek brenna en hauðr loga, burn in a bright lowe, Hdl. 48; ef ek sé hávan sal loga, Hm. 153; loga ílla skíðin, Finnb. 254; runnr, sá er Moyses sá loga ok eigi brenna, 655 viii. 2; þar til er borgin öll logaði, Fms. vi. 154; ljósið logar, the light lowes; það logar á skíðum or það skíða-logar, the fire lowes brightly.
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dd, [laga], to flow profusely, of blood; það loga-blæðir.
m. flame, blaze; brenna loga (dat.), to burn strongly, be ablaze; þá var enn l. á eldinum, the fire was still aflame.
a, m. [Germ. lohe; Dan. lue], a lowe, flame; brenna loga (dat.), to stand in a bright lowe, Gm. 29; brennandi logi, hár logi, Hm. 84, Am. 15, Ls. 65; Surta-logi, the flame of Surt, Vþm. 50; fundu eigi fyrr en loginn stóð inn um ræfrit, Eg. 239; svá var at sjá í fjallit upp sem í loga sæi, er roðaði af skjöldunum, Fms. viii. 210; reyk ok loga, Ó. H. 121; þá var enn logi á eldinum, there was still a lowe in the fire, 153.
II. a pr. name; of a mythical king, Logi, Ýt.; cp. Há-logi; Loga-dís, Logi’s sister, id.
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f. the ark of the covenant, Rb. 374, Pr. 77.
n. calm (l. var veðrs); veðrit datt (féll) í l., it fell dead calm.
n. [Scot. and North. E. loun = calm; Swed. lugn; Ivar Aasen logn]:—calm, tranquil, of weather, Alm. 23; logn veðrs, Ó. H. 36; í logni, Fms. viii. 178; ok er þeir réru í logui ok sækyrru, … er boði féll í logni, Orkn. 164; datt veðrit í logn, Bs. i. 834; hann hastaði á vindinn ok sjóinn, þá varð logn mikit, Matth. viii. 26: plur., logn mikil, Orkn. 358.
COMPDS: logndrífa, lognrétt, lognsnjór.
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u, f. rolling in a calm, of a ship.
f. drift of snow in calm weather.
u, f. a drift of snow in a calm, Gísl. 28, Njarð. 374.
f., liggja í lognrett, to be becalmed or drifting slowly on the sea.
f., in the naut. phrase, liggja í lognrétt, to be becalmed on the sea, Fas. ii, 30.
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m. snow fallen in a calm.
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n. a firebrand, Fms. i. 29, 290, Gullþ. 15, Bret. 18.
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n.
1) bolt (of a door); láta l. frá hurðu, to unbolt a door;
2) lock (en lyklar vóru settir í lokin);
3) cover, lid (ok l. yfir kerinu);
4) locker or bench in the stern of a boat, = stafnlok (gekk biskup fram í lokit);
5) in pl. lockers; gullhringr hvarf frá husfreyju ór lokum; out of the lockers;
6) fig. in pl. end, conclusion; þat fylgir ljóða lokum, this is the end of my lay; fœra e-t til loka, to put an end to; liða undir l., to die, perish; at lokum, at last, = loks; til loks, to an end; completely, altogether.
II)
n. a kind of fern or weed; ganga sem l. yfir akr, to spread like weeds over a field.
n. [Ivar Aasen lok; Dan. laag; the word remains in Engl. hem-lock], a kind of fern or weed; in the phrase, ganga sem lok yfir akr, to spread like weeds over a field; menn hans gengu sem lok yfir akra, Orkn. 4; gengu þeir einir yfir allt sem lok yfir akra, Fbr. 24 new Ed.; the mod. sem logi yfir akra is a corruption of the old phrase.
I)
n.
1) bolt (of a door); láta l. frá hurðu, to unbolt a door;
2) lock (en lyklar vóru settir í lokin);
3) cover, lid (ok l. yfir kerinu);
4) locker or bench in the stern of a boat, = stafnlok (gekk biskup fram í lokit);
5) in pl. lockers; gullhringr hvarf frá husfreyju ór lokum; out of the lockers;
6) fig. in pl. end, conclusion; þat fylgir ljóða lokum, this is the end of my lay; fœra e-t til loka, to put an end to; liða undir l., to die, perish; at lokum, at last, = loks; til loks, to an end; completely, altogether.
II)
n. a kind of fern or weed; ganga sem l. yfir akr, to spread like weeds over a field.
n. [lúka], a cover, lid of a chest, vessel; hann stakk endanum í lokit þar sem lykillinn gékk at, Mag. 1; ok lok yfir kerinu, Eb. 196; hálfrýmis-kistur þeirra stóðu á skipum, en lyklar vóru settir í lokin, Fms. viii. 85, Mag. 24, 78; kistu-lok, pott-lok: of a ship, a locker or bench in the stem of a boat, mod. stafn-lok, gékk biskup fram í lokit, Bs. ii. 129.
2. in plur. lockers; þeir brutu upp hurðir ok hirzlur, lok ok lása, Sturl. ii. 11; gullhringr hvarf frá húsfreyju ór lokum (out of the lockers) er vandlega vóru læst, Bs. i. 329; í lásum eða í lokum, N. G. L. i. 84; þá eru lok þeirra óheilög við broti, Jb. 424.
II. metaph. plur. an end, conclusion, cp. Germ. schluss; þat fylgir ljóða lokum, Hm. 164; lok mun ek þess segja, Am. 35; fella lok á e-t, to bring to an end, Grág. i. 67; færa til loka, id., Bs. i. 132; líða undir lok, to end, die, perish, Nj. 156, Thom.; leiðar lok, journey’s end, conclusion, Stj. 442; nest-lok, æfi-lok, mála-lok, leiks-lok, q. v.
III. adverb. loks, at last, fînally, Fms. xi. 45, 86, Fbr. 23; and til loks, id., Eluc. …
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I)
f. bolt of a door (hurðarloka); láta loku fyrir hurð, to bolt a door; spretta frá lokunni, láta loku frá hurð, to unbolt a door; margr seilist um hurð til lokunnar, many a man reaches far to get what is near at hand.
II)
(að), v. to lock, shut (l. hurðina).
u, f. a lock (latch); hann rekr aptr hurð ok lætr fyrir loku, Ísl. ii. 135, Fms. vi. 189; lokur ok slagbranda, iv. 299; loka var engi fyrir hurðum, láta lokur frá hurðum, … Auðr lætr loku (lok MS., but loku 114, l. c.) frá hurðu, Gísl. 28–30, Fms. vi. 189, viii. 332, Eg. 601, Lv. 60: the phrase, margr seilisk um hurð til lokunnar, many a man reaches far to catch what is near at hand, (almost answering to the Lat. quod petis hic est), Grett. 107: prop. a peg, Jabel tók búðar-nagla sinn eða loku, ok hamar, Stj. 388, (Judges ii. 21, a nail of the tent.)
II. a kind of song, verses running on without division of strophes, lang-loka; urðar-lokur, a warlock song, a charm; for a specimen of a langloka see Snót 72 (Ed. 1850).
COMPDS: lokugat, lokulindi, lokurán, lokusveinn, lokuþollr.
I)
f. bolt of a door (hurðarloka); láta loku fyrir hurð, to bolt a door; spretta frá lokunni, láta loku frá hurð, to unbolt a door; margr seilist um hurð til lokunnar, many a man reaches far to get what is near at hand.
II)
(að), v. to lock, shut (l. hurðina).
að, [Engl. to lock], to lock, shut; hann gékk inn í húsit ok lokaði innan hurdina, Fms. ii. 281; loka hús, Þjal. 10:—in mod. usage with dat., loka hurðu, dyrum.
(-s, pl. lokrar), m. plane.
m., dat. lokri, [A. S. locer], a plane, a joiner’s term; lokrar tveir, Pm. 124; kirkjan á þrjá lokra ok felli-stokk, 13: metaph., frekr get ek at þeim þykki lokarr minn til fégjalda, I ween they will think my plane cuts no thin shavings in the matter of fees, Fms. ii. 65: poët., óðar-lokarr, ömun-lokar, the ‘voice-plane’ = the tongue, Ad. 16, Edda 85 (in a verse). lokar-spánn, m. plane shavings, Fms. vi. 156, xi. 34, Edda 46, Þiðr. 20.
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1. a, m. [perh. akin to lokka], the evil giant-god of the Northern mythol., see Edda passim, Vsp. 39. Loka-senna, u, f. the banter of Loki, the name of an old poem: as a nickname, Landn. The name of Loki is preserved in a few words, Loka-sjóðr, m., botan. rhinanthus crista galli, Loki’s purse, the name for cockscomb or yellow rattle; and Loka-sjóðs-bróðir, m. bartsia alpina, Maurer’s Volks. 1: Loka-brenna, u, f. fire, the ‘blazing’ of Loki = Sirius, according to a statement of Finn Magnusson: Loka-ráð and Loka-heilræði, n. pl. Loki’s advice, i. e. ironical, misanthropic advice, see Snot 192; cp. the Ditmarscher-lügen in Grimm’s Märchen: Loka-lykt, f. a close smell, as from an evil spirit haunting the room, Ísl. Þjóðs. ii. 556.
II. as an appellative, a loop on a thread, Dan. ‘kurre paa traaden;’ opt er loki á nálþræði, Hallgr.
2. the name of the terrible fire-demon, half god, half giant, the friend and companion of the gods, and yet their most fearful foe. …
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(að), v. to allure, entice (Æsir lokkuðu Fenrisúlf til þess at leggja fjöturinn á hann); l. e-t af e-m, to coax or wheedle out of one (ef menn sitja um at l. af mér fé mitt).
að, [Shetl. luck; Germ. locken], to allure, entice, Am. 73, Fms. viii. 23, Barl. 107, Edda 16, Hom. 108; lokka með blíðum orðum, 623. 12; lokka e-t af e-m, Fms. vi. 201: to pull softly and by stealth, hann lokkar þá af henni menit, Fb. i. 276.
II. [lokkr], reflex. lokkast, to fall in locks, of hair, Karl. 226.
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part. with locks, Rb. 478.
f. allurement, enticement.
f. an allurement, Stj. 38, H. E. i. 490, Barl. 129.
m. allurer, seducer.
a, m. an allurer, MS. 4. 30.
(-s, -ar), m. lock of hair.
m. [A. S., Engl., Germ., and Dan. lock], a lock of hair, Stj. 417, Fb. ii. 563, Fs. 5, Bret. 103, the word is not freq. with the ancients, who used leppr (q. v.), which is now vulgar. lokka-maðr, m. a man with thick locks of hair, Sturl. i. 21.
(að), v. to come to an end, drop (láta l. niðr mál).
að, to drop; láta lokna niðr mál, Band. (MS.) 13.
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m. [cp. loki II, and lykkja], a kind of texture; kyrtill hans var lokr ofinn, en eigi saumaðr, Hom. St. (John xix. 23).
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f. pl. ballads on Loki (in vellum).
adv. at last, finally.
and loksins, adv. at last, finally; see lok.
n. a hole for a latch.
n. a hole for a latch, Fas. iii. 536.
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a, m. a belt with a lock, Bs. i. 337.
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n. a law term, a ‘lock-robbery,’ burglary, Gþl. 387.
m. door-keeper.
m. a ‘lock-boy,’ porter, Bs. i. 849, Thom. 239.
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m. a beam in a weaver’s loom, Björn.
f. locked bed-closet.
u, f. a ‘lock-bed,’ a locked bed-closet, in ancient dwellings, as a defence against night attacks, Sturl. ii. 217, Nj. 183, Eg. 603, Fms. ii. 64, Fs. 72, 102; lokhvílu-þil, the wainscot of a bed-closet, Sturl. ii. 228.
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adj. coverless, uncovered, Vm. 167, Dipl. v. 18.
f. nonsense, absurdity (lygi ok loklausa).
or lok-lausa, u, f, ‘without end,’ nonsense, absurdity, Nj. 214, Sks. 620, Blas. 45, Orkn. 346 (of a promise not fulfilled), Fms. viii. 102, Karl. 50, passim; cp. endi-leysa.
f. = lokhvíla.
u, f. = lokhvíla, Ísl. ii. 262, Ld. 140, Nj. 35, Eg. 603, Eb. 118, Gísl. 115. lokrekkju-gólf, n. a locked bed-closet, Vápn. 4, Gísl. 115.
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m. = lokusveinn, Th. 8.
n. lagoon, inlet.
in the phrase, lon og don, adv. incessantly, Snót.
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a, m. carded wool drawn into a hank before being spun; cp. lyppa: medic. dropsical flesh, hor-lopi, q. v.
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u, f. [cp. löpp], a paw, hand, (vulg.), Skíða R. 125; því ein loppan fraus, Snót (of the ogress Grýla): numbness of the hands from cold, (mod.)
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adj. with hands benumbed with cold.
n.
1) air, atmosphere, sky (skein sól, ok var lítt a l. komin); l. var mikit til jarðar at falla, it was a great height to fall down; l. ok lögr, sky and sea; á l., aloft, into the air; bera (fœra) á l., to spread abroad; hlaupa í l. upp, to leap up into the air; liggja í l. upp, to lie face uppermost; á lopti, aloft, in the air, on high; taka spjót á lopti, to catch a spear as it flies;
2) loft, upper room (Gunnar svaf í lopti einu í skálanum);
3) balcony (hann hleypr ofan ór loptinu á strætit).
n.:
1. [Ulf. luftus = ἀήρ; A. S. lyft; Scot. and Old Engl. lift; Engl. a-loft; O. H. G. and Germ. luft], the air, Eluc. 19, Skálda 174: the air, atmosphere, the sky, heaven, lopt vindlaust, Edda 4; skein sól, ok var lítt á lopt komin, Ld. 36; sól er á góðu lopti, high in the sky, Bs. ii. 111; þeir heyrðu klukku-hljóð í loptið upp, Fms. vi. 63, Hdl. 41, Vsp. 29: lopt var mikit (a great height) til jarðar at falla, Fb. ii. 389: allit., lopt ok lögr, Skm. 6; lýsti af höndum hennar bæði í lopt ok á lög, Edda 22; renna lopt ok lög, 70; hvat manna sá er með gullhjálminn er ríðr lopt ok lög, segja at hann á furðu góðan hest, 56:—plur., inn þver loptin, Bret. 58; hann skapaði himin ok jörð ok loptin, Edda; hann blæss eitri ok dreifir lopt öll ok lög, 41; loptin neðri, Lil. 27; loptin sungu, 34; hverfðr utan um lopt öll, Fas.
2. adverb. phrases; á lopt, aloft, into the sky; hlaupa í lopt upp, io leap up into the air, Nj. 84; hefja e-t á lopt, to hold up aloft, extol, Róm. 308, Bs. i. 284, Finnb. 296; bregða á lopt, Eg. 123; bera (færa) á lopt, to spread abroad, Fms. xi. 287, Fas. …
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að, to lift; þat loptar undir e-t, a thing is lifted, the air being seen between it and the ground, Þórð. 64: in mod. usage, with dat. to lift slightly from the ground, eg lopta því ekki, I cannot lift it, cannot move it.
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m. one of the names of Loki, Edda (Gl.), Þd.: for Lopt-ki, Ls. 19, see -gi (B).
II. a pr. name, Landn.
f. pl. the door to a lopt.
n. pl. the doors to a lopt; gékk hann fram eptir svölunum ok til annarra loptdura, Hkr. i. l7.
m. lightning.
m. lightning.
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m. the window of a lopt, Fms. vii. 245.
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adj. giddy with looking down from aloft.
n. ‘loft-chamber’.
n. a ‘loft-chamber,’ Fms. viii. 7, ix. 362, Stj. 204, 383, Judges iv. 23.
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u, f. a female pr. name, Landn.; prop. a kind of duck, cp. skálp-hæna (in the Addenda).
f. an upper skemma.
f. = lopthús, Fms. x. 149.
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n. skill in climbing, Fms. x. 314.
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f. a kind of trick in wrestling, cross-buttock.
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n. a staircase (outside the house) leading up to the loft or upper storey, Eg. 236, Ísl. ii. 367, Fms. iv. 169 (cp. Ó. H. 72), ix. 239.
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n. the realm of air, Greg. 16.
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u, f. a ‘loft-room,’ a house built on piles, Fms. i. 166.
f. upper room.
u, f. = loptskemma, Fms. viii. 13; allr garðrinn með undir-búðum, loptstofum, ok öllum klefum upp á báðar síður, Boldt 115.
f. pl. balcony, gallery.
f. pl. a balcony, gallery, lattice, Orkn. 74, Fms. vi. 270, 338, Stj. 606, (2 Kings i. 72, a lattice in his upper chamber.)
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n. ‘air-weight,’ poët. = the mouth, ? or = the voice, Stor. 1.
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m. filtb, Lat. merda.
n. looseness, breaking up (var þá alstaðar los á fylkingunum).
n. looseness, breaking up, Fms. xi. 340, Fas. iii. 29, Karl. 240 (breaking up of the ranks in battle).
(að), v.
1) to loosen, make loose (hann losar til heyit niðri við jörðina);
2) to perform, do (ok hefir þú þá vel losat þitt erendi);
3) refl., losast, to get loose, get away (l. ór hernaði).
að, [cp. lauss, referring to a lost strong verb, ljúsa, laus, losinn]:—to loosen, make loose, Fms. ii. 146, Finnb. 332, D. I. i. 233; hann losar til heyit niðri við jörðina, Fb. i. 523.
II. reflex. losask, to get loose, 623. 26; losast við e-t, to get rid of a thing.
(að), v.
1) to become loose, get free (þá rettust fingrnir ok losnuðu af meðalkaflanum);
2) fig., tók nú bardaginn at l., the ranks began to get loose; l. í sundr, to dissolve, break up;
3) to get away (l. brott).
að, to get loose, get free, Vsp. 50, Edda 41, Eg. 233, 298; þá réttusk fingrnir ok losnuðu (loosened the grasp) af meðal-kaflanum, Grett. 154.
2. metaph., tók nú bardaginn at losna, the ranks began to get loose, in battle, Sturl. iii. 66; tekr lið hans heldr at losna, Al. 141: losna í sundr, to dissolve, break up, split asunder, Fms. viii. 290, ix. 374, Stj. 580, Hom. 83: to get free, 623. 22: sem þau koma á miðja ána losna fætr undir konunni, i. e. she slipped (cp. lauss á fótum), Bs. ii. 175: to part, leave a place, þætti mér bezt at losna þaðan eigi fyrr en …, Fins, ii. 5; losna brott, id., Fb. ii. 194; áðr þeir losni ór héraði, Ld. 276; fannsk þat á hvers orðum at nauðigr losnaði, Eb. 280.
II. reflex. losnask, to get loose, Grett. 135 A.
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n. [ljósta], a blow, stroke, N. G. L. i. 157.
a. lustful, lewd.
adj. lewd, lustful, Stj. 345.
f. lust.
f. lust, K. Á. 104, Al. 87.
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m. membrum virile, Stj. 338.
a. lecherous.
adj. lecherous, Sks. 547.
f. lustfulness, lust, sensuality.
and losta-semi, f. carnal lust, Stj. 105, Hom. 24, Sks. 528, Mar., Barl. 75.
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f. the sin of lust, Eluc. 45.
m. lust, carnal desire.
a, m. [this word is, according to Grimm, derived from ljósta, to smite, so that ‘lust’ prop. means smiting or being smitten; Ulf. lustus = ἐπιθυμία; A. S. lyst; Engl., Germ., and Dan. lust]:—lust, esp. carnal lust, Hom. 16, 25, Pr. 474, Barl. 27, Orkn. 160; líkams losti, carnal lust, Magn. 466.
COMPDS: lostafullr, lostagirnd, lostaliðr, lostasamligr, lostasemd, lostasynd.
a. willing, ready, opp. to nauðigr (skal ek deyja lostig).
adj. willing, ready, with all one’s heart, opp. to nauðigr, Hkv. Hjörv. 42, Fms. ii. 148, Ó. H. 112, Fas. i. 135, Art. 110.
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f. smiting; in upp-lostning, a pretext.
a. so fair as to awaken desire (~ir litir).
adj. so fair as to kindle lust, Hm. 92.
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adv. willingly, lustily, 673 A. 46.
n. labour of love;
létt eru ~, a labour of love falls light.
n. pl. a labour of love: the phrase, létt eru lostverk (mod. létt falla l.), a labour of love falls light, Hom. (St.)
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adj. dainty, of a dish.
f.
1) round, bout, turn (síðan glíma þeir þrjár lotur);
2) lotum, as adv. by fits and starts, from time to time (en lotum horfði hann á).
u, f. a round, bout, continuous effort, without stopping to take breath, or pause, in a fight, races, or the like; vóru góð vígin þar til er gengnar vóru ellefu lotur, Rd. 299; síðan glíma þeir þrjár lotur, Finnb. 318; gengr Ingólfs hestr betr í öllum lotum, Glúm. 356; þessir menn görðu svá harða lotu, at hverr þeirra hefir fyrir sik mann eða meirr, Fas. ii. 533; gengusk þeir at fast, görðu langa lotu, ok féll Jökull á kné, Finnb. 328; en er eptir Steingríms-lotan, var þá veitt allhörð atsókn, en Steingrímr varðisk alldrengiliga ok féll þar, Sturl. ii. 60; þykki þér eigi hörð lota gengit hafa, mágr? 53; þóttisk Teitr hafa haft hann ærit lengi í lotu, i. 148 (ltu C).
II. lotum, adverb. by fits and starts; en lotum (from time to time) horfði hann á, Eg. 172, v. l.; litr hans var stundum rauðr, en stundum blár, en lotum var hann bleikr, Fas. ii. 285; hón reis upp ór rekkju lotum, Bs. i. 353. The word still remains in the mod. phrase, í stryklötu, in one start, without rest or breath; hlaupa í einni stryklötu.
from lúta.
part. stooping from age or illness; lotinn í herðum, or herða-lotinn.
f. reverence, veneration.
f. [lúta], prop. a ‘louting,’ reverence, veneration, Stj. 599, Hkr. i. 6, freq. in mod. eccl. usage.
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adj. bent, worn, broken down.
I) (pl. lœr), f. golden plover.
II) from ljúga.
f., pl. lær (i. e. lœr), lóa, u, f., Edda ii. 489, and in mod. usage:—a sandpiper; for a pretty legend of the origin of this bird see Ísl. Þjóðs. ii. 1, 2; snemma lóan lítla í lopti bláu dirrindí undir sólu syngr, Jónas; veiða smirla ok lœr, Grág. ii. 346; heitir lœr á leiru, Skálda 205, Edda (Gl.); hei-ló, q. v. = sandpiper; sand-ló, id.
2. metaph. a coward; flýðu þeir undan, lœr þeir, the sandpipers, the hares! Fms. xi. 36. ló-þræll, m. ‘sandpiper-thrall,’ the dunlin or tringa alpina, Edda (Gl.), so called from its following in the wake of the sandpiper, Fjölnir ix. 69, 70.
II. = lóð, q. v.; ló á klæði; hence af-lóa, adj. threadbare.
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f. [the word is prob. akin to loðinn], the crop or produce of the land, as opp. to buildings or establishments, a law term; lóð ok allan áverka, the crop and all produce, N. G. L. i. 240; þá skal lög fyrir lóð festa, 154; ef lóð eða bú berr í erfð, 216; á landsdrottinn í lóðinni svá mikit sem húsit metzk, Gþl. 330, 331, Jb. passim. In mod. usage lóð means the ground, esp. on which houses are built, but that this was not the true old sense is clear from the above passage, as is stated by Pál Vídal., s. v. lóð; cp. also lóð-bruni, lóð-torfa, below.
II. Lat. lanugo, the shagginess of cloth, proncd. ló, qs. lóð, hence af-lóa, qs. af-lóða = threadbare:—ló or lóð is also a flock of wool thrown away in walking or spinning; Bárðr minn á Jökli, leggstu á þólið mitt, eg skal gefa þer lóna og leppana í skóna, a ditty.
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u, f. at heat, of a dog (from loða saman).
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a, m. burning of crop, N. G. L. i. 253; opp. to húsbruni.
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u, f., prop. a ‘crop-turf,’ a sod with the grass on, a soft dry slice of sod to keep the fire alive on the hearth during the night, the ‘gathering peat’ of the Scottish.
m. the hollow of the hand, palm (mun ek bera þat í lófa mér).
a, m., proncd. lói, [Ulf. lôfa to render ράπισμα and ραπίζειν; Scot. loof]:—the hollow of the hand, palm, Sturl. i. 42, Ísl. Þjóðs. ii. 556, Fms. iii. 180; henni lágu þrír fingr í lófa, Bs. i. 462, v. l.; stakk í lófa sér, Eg. 211; mun ek bera þat í lófa mér níu fet, Fms. x. 251; klappa lófa á hurð, Fb. iii. 583; klappar á dyr með lófa sín, Fkv.; ok lét brenna spánuna í lófa sér, Ó. H. 197, Post. 645. 60:—the phrases, hafa allan lófa við, to strain every nerve, Al. 151; legg í lófa karls, Ísl. Þjóðs. i. 28, Skíða R. 114 (of a beggar’s alms); það er ekki í lófana lagt, ’tis no easy matter; klappa lof í lófa, to clap hands in triumph; leika á lófum, to be borne on one’s hands; en Leifr leikr á lófum, ok hefir virðing sem konungs-barn mundi hafa, of a spoilt child, Sturl. i. 2, cp. Edda 88 (the verse).
2. a measure, handbreadth, 732 B. 5. lófa-tak, n. a show of hands, a division by show of hands as in England; samþykkja með lófataki, N. G. L. iii. 10; lét hinn sami Rafn í Lögróttu höndum upp taka, ok göra með lófataki útlaga alla þá menn, Bs. i. 763.
n. complete use;
leggjast í ~, to be used up;
þeir munu ekki öllu í ~ koma, they will be unable to make use of all (their forces).
n. a wasting; leggjask í lóg, to be wasted, used up, Bs. i. 409; hafa þeir ofrefli svá at þeir munu ekki öllu í lóg koma, they have so great a multitude that they will be unable to make use of it all, they cannot come to the end of it, Fms. viii. 117, v. l.; baka til lógs, to bake up all one’s stores, N. G. L. i. 304.
(að), v.
1) to part with, make away with (~ðu eigi landinu);
2) to waste, destroy (hvárki mundi sá drykkr viti þeirra ~ né afli þeirra).
að, to part with, but with the notion of waste, with dat.; lógaðu eigi landinu, Glúm. 335; meðan þú átt gripina, … en þá em ek hræddr um ef þú lógar þeim, 339; Glúmr hefir nú lógat þeim hlutum, feldi ok spjóti, er Vígfúss móður-bróðir hans gaf honum, 389; er þeir höfðu baugnum lógat, Korm. 218; lóga löndum, Landn. 261; þessum hring skaltú eigi lóga, Fær. 104; at lógat væri goðorðunum, Sturl. iii. 104; þar skal maðr engu lóga af þvi fé áðr virt sé, Grág. i. 194; lóga viti né afli, O. H. L. 19; dæma gripinn aptr til kirkju ef ólógat er, K. Þ. K. 48, Jb. 218, 222: lóga fyrir, to pay for, Grág.
2. to destroy; lóga af, to kill, slaughter, Grág. i. 426: lóga fé sínu af, id., ii. 339, Jb. 148.
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m. the name ot the sub-teacher at the school of Hólar.
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m. a tramp, a term of abuse, Edda (Gl.), Bjarn. (in a verse). Lex. Poët.
2. penis.
m. loon, loom (the bird).
m. [Shetl. loom], the loon, ember-goose, columbus arcticus, Edda (Gl.), Eggert Itin.; metaph. from the cry of these birds, a cry, lamentation; cp. bar-lómr: in local names, Lóma-gnúpr, Nj.
II. meanness; lómi beittr, Ýt.; ala lóm, Hallfred.
COMPDS: lómbragð, lómgeðr, lómhugaðr.
(pl. -ir), m. lemming.
m., pl. ir, [Ivar Aascn lemende and lomhund; Swed. lemmel]:—the mus lemmus, lemmer; kvikendi þau er locustae heita ok sumir kalla lómundi, Pr. 436, (the Icel. writer has here confounded the lemmer with the locust.)
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n. a trick, Konr. 21.
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adj. cunning, mean, Ýt.
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adj. vile, Haustl.
n. lagoon, inlet.
n. [Ivar Aasten lon], an inlet, sea-loch, Bárð. 166, Grág. ii. 354, Jb. 314; cp. the ‘lón’ in Dögurðarnes in western Iceland: freq. in local names, Lón, Lóns-heiðr, Landn. lóna-sóley, f. a kind of buttercup.
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a, m. a shaggy long-haired dog: botan., kúa-lubbi, q. v.
f. luck, good fortune.
u, f. [a for. word, from Germ. gluck, but occurs in writers of the 14th century, e. g. Bárð. S., or even earlier], luck; þótti Þórðr mikla lukku á hafa haft, Bárð. 36; eigi mun þér silfr-fátt verða til lukkunnar, Finnb. 254 (from Arna-Magn. 132 fol.), Skíða R. 50, 53, 57: freq. in mod. usage, ó-lukka, ill luck, Fms. v. 255.
COMPDS: lukkuligr, lukkumaðr.
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adj. (-liga, adv.), lucky, happy, Fas. iii. 457 (paper MS.)
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m. a lucky man, Fas. i. 447.
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f. [Dan. lugt], a smell, D. N.; see lykt.
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1. að, to smell; luktandi, Sks. 201, (but not in Cod. B.)
2. að, to shut, with dat., Skálda 202 (in a verse).
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að, to loll: lullari, a, m. a lubber, (slang, from the Engl. lollard.)
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pres. lumi; pret. lumdi (?); part. lumað; imperat. lumi:—to keep closely, hold tight; luma af e-u, to yield up, lumi (imperat.) af skutlinum, maðr, lend me the harpoon! Fbr. 86 new Ed., cp. Fb. ii. 209; in old writers only recorded in this instance: in mod. usage, Icel. say, luma á e-u, to keep or hoard, of money, with a notion of stealth or closeness, hann lumir á penningum (of small savings), or hann lumaði (for lumði?) á því; perh. Dan. lomme = pocket is a kindred word.
f.
1) mind, temper;
vera mikillar ~ar, to be of a proud mind;
2) manner;
á ymsar ~ir, in various ways;
á þá ~, á þessa ~, in this way, thus.
f. [Orm. lund], the mind, temper, Edda (Gl.); var nú skipan á komin um lund hans, Hrafn. 24; vera mikillar lundar, to be of a proud mind, Ísl. ii. 3; ef hann fann þat í lund sinni, Fb. iii. 247; etju-lund, a quarrelsome mind, Vellekla; gildrar lundar, proud, Bs. ii. 11; leika e-m í lund, to have a mind for, Al. 137; hugar-lund, fancy, mind.
II. manner; adverb. phrases, nökkura lund (acc.), in some manner, Hom. 55; sömu lund, in the same way, Sks. 448; á allar lundir, in every way, Niðrst. 1: á þá lund, thus, Edda 47; á ymsar lundir, in many ways, variously; á marga lund, Edda 87; á þessa lund, thus, Grág. ii. 22; hverja lund, in what way? how? Þiðr. 337.
COMPDS: lundarfar, lundarlag.
pp. disposed, minded.
part. disposed, minded, Hom. 151.
n. temper, disposition.
n. temper, disposition, Rd. 255.
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n. = lundarfar.
n. temper, = lyndi.
n. temper, Sks. 686, Magn. 434, Karl. 339, Stj. 548.
m. puffin.
a, m. the puffin, alca arctica, Edda (Gl.), freq. in mod. usage; lunda bein, Sturl. ii. 62 (in a verse): a nickname, Bs. i.
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f. pl. the flesh along the back; hrygg-lundir, q. v.: in animals the meat inside the hack; whence lunda-baggi, a, m. a sausage made of the lundir and some fat.
(gen. -ar), m.
1) clump of trees, grove;
2) tree (rare).
m., gen. lundar, dat. lundi, lund, Fagrsk. 11; [Dan. and Swed. lund]:—a grove, Skm. 39, 41; hvera-lundr, Vsp.; ok í lundi óxum, Am. 68; allr lundrinn umhverfis, Stj. 391; Þórir bjó at Lundi, hann blótaði lundinn, Landn. 224; reyni-lundr, Sturl. i. 5; einn fagr lundr, Vígl. 17; ráða einum steini ok litlum lund, Fagrsk. 11: of a hedge (?), taka vígfleka ok bera hann at lundi þeim er stóð sunnan á garðinum, Sturl. ii. 54.
II. very freq. in Dan. and Swed. local names, Lundr, the archbishop’s seat in Denmark (Sweden): in Iceland, Lundr, Lundar, Lunda-reykir, Lundareykja-dalr, whence Lundar-menn, Lundar-manna-goðorð, Landn., Sturl.: these places were connected with the worship of groves, cp. Landn. l. c.: Lund also occurs in local names in Northern England (the ancient Denelagu), as Gilsland, and is a mark of Norse or Danish colonisation.
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f. pl. London; í Lundúnum, in London: also Lundúna-borg, passim: Lundúna-bryggja, London-bridge, Ó. H.
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n. = lunderni, Grett. 95.
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adj. good-tempered. Lex. Poët.
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adj. gentle-minded, Fms. vi. 204.
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adj. ill-tempered, Nj. 16, v. l.
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n. temper.
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part. n. minded, disposed, e-m er e-t l., Post. 481, 633.
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adj. savage-tempered, Nj. (in a verse).
n. poet. war-ship.
n. [perh. from Welsh llong], poët. a ship, Lex. Poët. passim.
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n., pl. lungu, gen. lungna; it occurs only in plur., the sing. may now be used of one lung; [common to all Teut. languages]:—the lungs, Orkn. 18, Stj. 612, Fbr. 137, Fms. iii. 285, Sturl. ii. 150; lungun féllu út í sárit, Glúm. 381, Skíða R. 144.
COMPDS: lungnablaðkr, lungnabólga, lungnasótt.
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m. a lobe of the lungs.
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u, f. pleuritis.
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f. lung-disease, Gþl. 498.
(að), v. to cudgel, thrash.
að, to cudgel, thrash, Stj. 464, 624.
(-s, -ar), m. cudgel.
m. a cudgel, Nj. 194, Sd. 136, Gþl. 177, Vd. 77; tré-lurkr, Glúm. 342, Fms. viii. 96; járn-lurkr, Hbl.; vera allr lurkum laminn, to feel as if thrashed with cudgels: metaph. of the winter 1601 A. D., var sá vetr aftaka-harðr frá Jólum um allt Ísland, ok kallaðr Lurkr, Espol. Árb. s. a.
COMPDS: lurkshögg, lurkslegr.
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n. a blow with a cudgel, Gþl. 177.
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adj. clumsy, clownish.
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m. [Scot. leister], a cudgel, prop. a salmon-spear = ljóstr, q. v.; hann hafði trélurk mikinn um öxl ok ekki vápn annat—þá mælti Özurr, hvar eru vápn þín? annan veg er at berjask við Erling jarl en at þreskja korn, þar má vel hafa lust til, Fms. viii. 96.
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u, f. a small flounder. lúðu-laki, a, m. a drone (abuse).
(gen. -rs), m.
1) trumpet (blása í ~);
2) the stand of a hand-mill (þær at ~i leiddar vóru).
m., the r radical, [cp. Dan. lur, Shetl. looder-horn], a trumpet, Edda 17; þeir höfðu lúðr ok blésu, Orkn. 300; lát taka lúðra ok lát blása um alla borgina, Sks. 748; blása í lúðr, Fms. iv. 300; þeyta lúðr, Al. 35, Stj. 392; kvóðu við lúðrar, Fms. vi. 16; við hinn síðasta lúðr-þyt, því lúðrinn mun gella, 1 Cor. xv. 52, passim.
COMPDS: lúðrblástr, lúðragangr, lúðrshljóð, lúðrmaðr, lúðrsveinn, lúðraþytr, lúðrþeytari.
B. A flour-bin; þær at lúðri leiddar vóru, Gs. 2; leggjum lúðra, 3; steinar rifna, stökkr lúðr fyrir, þótt lúðr þrumi, Hkv. 2. 2, 3; þat ek fyrst of man er sá inn fróði jötunn | á var lúðr of lagiðr, Vþm. 35 (referring to some ancient lost myth). The word is still preserved in the south-east of Iceland,—hleypr mjölit um kring kvernina út á lúðrinn, Fél. ii. 155 (of the year 1782): poët. the sea is called ey-lúðr, island-flour-bin, Edda (in a verse); see the remarks to amlóði:—the phrase, ganga e-m í lúðr, to fall into one’s bin, metaph. phrase, to fall to one’s lot, Gs. 11.
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að, to stoop, cringe, perhaps a metaphor taken from the stooping over a bin; lúðrandi lágt, Stj. 398; fara lúðrandi fyrir kné ábóta, Mar.; lúðra lágt, Thom. 535.
m. sound of trumpets.
m. the sound of trumpets, Hkr. ii. 221, Fms. vii. 289.
m. = lúðragangr.
and lúðr-þytr, m. id., Fms. viii. 226, 1 Cor. xv. 52.
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n. = lúðrþytr, Fms. vii. 289.
m. blowing of trumpets.
m. a blast of a trumpet, Fms. iv. 300.
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m. = lúðrsveinn, Fms. viii. 96.
m. trumpeter.
m. a trumpeter, Fas. i. 497, Fms. viii. 96, 213, ix. 449, 513.
m. trumpeter.
a, m. a trumpeter, Karl. 220, 525, v. l.
f. thick and matted hair, a nickname of Harald the Fairhaired.
u, f. [Ivar Aasen luva; cp. lubbi], rough, matted hair, as a nickname; Haralds hár var sítt ok flókit, fyrir þá sök var hann Lúfa kallaðr, Fagrsk. 9: cp. the vow of king Harold with that of Civilis, Tac. Hist. iv. 61.
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a, m. weariness, esp. of the body from age and overwork. lúa-legr, adj. mean, (conversational.)
pp. from lýja;
1) worn, bruised (vóru ok árar mjök lúnar);
2) worn out, exhausted (hann verðr ~; var ~ hestr hans mjök).
part. worn; see lýja.
(lýk; lauk, lukum; lokinn), v.
1) to shut (= ~ aptr);
2) to end, bring to an end, finish, conclude, with dat. (hann lauk rœðu sinni);
þá er menn höfðu lokit lögskilum at mæla, when they had finished their pleading;
3) to pay, ~ e-m e-t (svá mikit fé, sem vér eigum konunginum at ~);
4) impers., lýkr e-u, it is at an end;
lýkr þar nú sögunni, here the story ends;
eptir þat var lokit þinginu, after that the Thing was broken up;
var þess ván, at illa mundi illum ~, that it would end badly with a bad man;
þá var lokit öllum vistum nema hval, all stores were exhausted, except whale;
absol., svá lauk at lyktum, finally it ended so that;
lýkr svá, at þeir kaupa þessu, it ended so that they struck the bargain;
áðr en lýkr, áðr lýkr, before the end comes (nærr munum við gangast áðr lýkr);
um þat er lýkr, finally, in the end;
5) with preps.:
~ aptr, to shut, with acc. or dat. (~ aptr hurðina or hurðinni);
~ e-u í sundr, to open (lúk heill munni í sundr);
impers., er í sundr lauk firðinum, when the fjord opened;
~ upp, to open, with dat. or acc. (~ upp hurðinni or hurðina);
~ upp augum, to open the eyes; …
u, f. the hollow hand held like a cup, and in plur. of both hands held together.
II. the lid in the opening of a loft. lúku-gat, n. an opening in a loft.
(lýk; lauk, lukum; lokinn), v.
1) to shut (= ~ aptr);
2) to end, bring to an end, finish, conclude, with dat. (hann lauk rœðu sinni);
þá er menn höfðu lokit lögskilum at mæla, when they had finished their pleading;
3) to pay, ~ e-m e-t (svá mikit fé, sem vér eigum konunginum at ~);
4) impers., lýkr e-u, it is at an end;
lýkr þar nú sögunni, here the story ends;
eptir þat var lokit þinginu, after that the Thing was broken up;
var þess ván, at illa mundi illum ~, that it would end badly with a bad man;
þá var lokit öllum vistum nema hval, all stores were exhausted, except whale;
absol., svá lauk at lyktum, finally it ended so that;
lýkr svá, at þeir kaupa þessu, it ended so that they struck the bargain;
áðr en lýkr, áðr lýkr, before the end comes (nærr munum við gangast áðr lýkr);
um þat er lýkr, finally, in the end;
5) with preps.:
~ aptr, to shut, with acc. or dat. (~ aptr hurðina or hurðinni);
~ e-u í sundr, to open (lúk heill munni í sundr);
impers., er í sundr lauk firðinum, when the fjord opened;
~ upp, to open, with dat. or acc. (~ upp hurðinni or hurðina);
~ upp augum, to open the eyes; …
pres. lýk; pret. lauk, laukt (mod. laukst), lauk; pl. luku; subj. lyki; part, lokinn; mod. ljúka, which form is not found in old writers; [Scot. louk; Shetl. lock; Dan. lukke]:
I. to shut; lúka korn-hlöðum, Stj. 212: but mostly with prep., lúka upp, to open; lúka aptr, to shut, both with acc. and dat., in mod. usage with dat. solely; lúka upp mína kistu, Fbr. 46 new Ed.; but, lýkr þá upp kistunni, dat. (in the same page): ok hjarra-grind, svá at menn lúki upp af hrossi ok aptr ef vill, Grág. ii. 264; eru menn skyldir at lúka löghlið aptr á löggarði, ef sá maðr lýkr eigi aptr hliðit, 265; hann lýkr aptr fjósinu ok býr svá um at ekki má upp lúka, Gísl. 29; hann lýkr aptr eptir sér ramliga, 30; lúka upp hurðum, Vall. 218: lúka upp augum, to open the eyes, Bs. i. 318; but, lúka aptr augum, to shut the eyes: tak þú nú við kistu-lyklum mínum, þvíat ek mun þeim eigi lúka optar, Nj. 94; síðan lauk hann upp skemmuna, Fms. vi. 189; lúka upp dyrnar, viii. 332; tóku þá frá slagbranda ok luku upp hurðina, Ó. H. 135: nokkuru síðar var lokit (upp) úti-hurðu, Bs. i. 627; so also, lúka sundr munni, to open the mouth, Háv. …
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f. a discharge, payment; skulda-lúkning, discharge.
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adj. [Germ. laune], knavish, Snót 210.
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adj. crest-fallen, (conversational.)
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ð, pres. lúri, to doze, nap; and lúr, m. a nap.
(pl. lýss), f. louse (sárt bítr soltin ~; lýss ok kleggjar).
f., pl. lýss, [A. S. and O. H. G. lûs; Engl. louse, pl. lice; Germ. laus]:—a louse; lýss ok kleggjar, Eluc. 23; leita sér lúsa = Dan. lyske sig: sayings, læðast eins og lús með saum; sárt bítr soltin lús; munu jarð-lýsnar synir Gríms kögrs verða mér at bana? sárt bítr soltin lús, kvað Gestr, Landn. 146; hann er mesta fiski-lús, of a good angler, Hrólfr 6 (name of a play); færi-lús, a sheep louse; jarð-lús, vermin; ná-lús.
COMPDS: lúsablesi, lúsalyng, Lúsaoddi, Lúsaskegg, lúsasótt.
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a, m. a niggard.
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f. the common ling, Hjalt.
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a, m. nickname of a beggar, Fbr.
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n. lousy-beard, a nickname, Fb. iii.
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f. phthiriasis.
a. lousy (verjan var öll lúsug).
adj. lousy, Fbr. 92 new Ed.
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adj. sedulous (slang), cp. Engl. bookworm.
(lýt; laut, lutum; lotinn), v.
1) to lout, bow down (konungr laut þá allt niðr at jörðu);
2) to bow to in homage or worship (Erlingr laut konungi ok heilsaði honum);
3) to give away, yield; hinir lægri verða at l., the weaker has to yield;
4) with preps., l. at e-u, to bear upon, have reference to (þat sem at lýtr þess manns lofi); to bow for a thing; l. at litlu, to be thankful for little; l. til e-s, to belong to, bear upon (þetta efni lýtr til lofs herra Guðmundi); to pay homage, show deference, to (lutu allir til hans); l. undir e-n, to be subject to (þeir ætluðu engan guð vera þann, er þeir áttu undir at l.).
pres. lýt, pl. lútum; pret. laut, lauzt (Nj. 70), laut, pl. lutu; subj. lyti; part. lotit: a weak pres. lúti, lúti ek helgum dómi, the Runic poem; pret. lútti, Barl. 199, Stj. 229: [A. S. lútan; Old and North. E. lout; Dan. lude]:—to lout, bow down; konungr laut þá allt niðr at jörðu, Fms. i. 159; hann hélt höndunum yfir höfuð sér ok laut til altaris, ok bar yfirhöfnina aptr af herðum honum er hann hafði lotið undan, iv. 172, 173; stendr hann á knjánum ok ölnbogunum, lýtr hann niðr mjök við, xi. 64; at eigi skal þurfa at lúta optar um sinn í hornit, en er hann þraut erendit ok hann laut ór horninu, Edda 32; Grettir sá er hann laut ok spyrr hvat hann tók upp, Grett. 93; hann lýtr fram yfir borðit, Þiðr. 323; þá féll niðr spónn fyrir henni, hón laut niðr eptir, Eb. 36.
2. of worship; þat er upphaf laga várra, at austr skolum lúta ok gefask Kristi, it is the beginning of our law, that we shall all lout towards the east, and give ourselves to Christ, N. G. L. i. 339; Barlaam lútti í austrið ok bað til Guðs, Barl. 199; henni ek laut hinnsta sinni, ægis-heimi í, I louted to her (viz. the sun) the last time in this world, i. e. …
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f. = lotning, Barl. 25.
a. louting, bent down, stooping.
adj. louting, bowed, bent down, stooping, Stj. 20, Bjarn. 33; með lútu höfði, 601, Mar.; fara lútari, Fs. 55; niðr-lútr, shameful.
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barði, to beat till it becomes tender, beat thoroughly.
f. lazy villain.
u, f. [loddari], a naughty person, Fas. iii. 434, Krók. lyddu-skapr, m., -ligr, etc.
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u, f. custom, manner; sið ok lýðsku, 656 B. 8; ein var hón sér í lýðsku, Fs. 30; öngum manni var hann líkari í sinni lýðsku en Áka móður-bróður sínum, Fms. xi. 50; í allri lýðsku ok í öllu sínu athæfi, 78; hann hefir sömu lýðsku sína ok áðr, O. H. L. 5; see ljóð-æska.
2. dialect, Symb. 10, Hom. (St.) 61, (mál-lýðska.)
n. medicine, healing herb; ekki l., nought, not the least.
f., pl. lyfjar. also spelt lif, see the references below; the word is used as neut. in Bs. ii. 87, and then chiefly in pl. in Bs. i. 179, Fas. iii. 11, Fms. ix. 282; [Ulf. lubja-leisi = φαρμακεία, Gal. v. 20; A. S. lib; O. H. G. lupi; Swed. luf; early Dan. löv]:—a herb, simple, esp. with the notion of healing, witchcraft or supernatural power, = Gr. φάρμακον; trúa á lyf kvenna eða görningar, Hom. 33; lækning, lyf eðr galldra, 121; góð smyrzl ok læknings-lif, Fas. iii. 174; með heilsamligum smyrslum né lækningar-lyfum, Stj. 272; lif (not líf) með lækning, Skv. 1. 17; varisk menn lif, rúnir ok galdra, N. G. L. iii. 300; töfr ok lif, rúnir ok galdra, 286; lækningar lyf, 245; kona hver er ferr með lif ok læzk kunna bæta mönnum, ef hón er sönn at því, þá er hón sek þrem mörkum, i. 390; hann tekr þá nokkur lyf af helgum dómi Jóns biskups, Bs. i. 179; ek hefi þat eitt gras, er … Dagfinnr svarar, engi (= enga?) lyf eðr lækning skulu vér til þessa hafa, nema þær einar (sic), er …, Fms. ix. 282; eitr-fullt lyf, Bs. ii. 87; lítil lyf kveða höfð til lýða sona, the sons of men are made of small matter (seed, cause?), Fas. iii. …
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f. = lyf; oleum eðr aðrar lyfðir, Stj. 522.
(að), v. to heal;
~ e-m e-t, to cure one of;
~ e-m elli, to kill one.
að, to heal; in the phrase, lyfja e-m elli, to cure one of old age = to kill him downright, Am. 74, Fas. iii. 155, 156; lyfja þeim sitt of beldi, to cure them of their overbearance, Al. 10; skal ek lyfja þér þína íllsku, Flóv. 43.
m. healing stone, stone of special virtue.
m., also spelt lif-steinn, Korm. 80, 116, Fas. iii. 244, 307:—a healing stone, stone of virtue (cp. mod. Icel. náttúru-steinn); such stones are recorded as attached to the hilts of ancient swords to rub and heal the wounds with, e. g. the sword Skofnung; wounds made by this sword could only be healed by the stone grooved in its hilt, Ld. 250, 252, Korm. 80, cp. Þórð. (1860) 102; í eptra hjalti sverðsins vóru læstir lifsteinar, þeir er eitr ok sviða drógu ór sárum ef í vóru skafnir, Fas. iii. 244, 307; Bersi hafði lifstein á hálsi, Korm. 116, where the stone was to save one from being drowned.
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a lying story, false report, Fms. xi. 118: a fable as opp. to sönn saga, Hrólfr sagði sögu af Hröngviði berserk ok frá Ólafi Liðsmanna-konungi ok haug-broti Þráins, ok Hrómundi Greipssyni, ok margar vísur með. En þessi saga var skemt Sverri konungi, ok kvað hann slíkar lygisögur skemtiligar, Sturl. i. 23; this is also the mod. common use, see List of Authors (G. III).
f. lie, falsehood, = lygi.
f. = lygi, Fms. ix. 401, x. 342, Bs. i. 766, Pass. 50. 9.
I) (pl. lygar), f. lie, falsehood (þat er ok in mesta ~).
II) from ljúga.
f., indecl. in sing., but in pl. lygar; [ljúga]:—a lie, falsehood; fyrir lygi Ls. 14; slík lygi, Eg. 59; en mesta lygi, Nj. 79, Fms. vi. 241; ok gafsk ván at lygi (laygi), x. 389: plur., lygar ok drabl, Fas. iii. 423; aptr hverfr lygi þegar sönnu mætir, a saying, Bs. i. 639.
2. a fable; en vitrum mönnum þykkir hver saga heimsliga únýtt, ef hann kallar þat lygi er sagt er, en hann má engar sönnur á finna, Ó. T. 2.
COMPDS: lygiandi, lygifortala, lygigrunr, lygikonungr, lygikvittr, lygilauss, lygiliga, lygiligr, lygilöstr, lygimaðr, lygiorð, lygisaga, lygasiaga, lygivitni.
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adj. lying, untruthful, Nj. 73, 78, Post. 645. 65, Anecd.; ólyginn sagði mér! Piltr og Stúlka 34.
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a, m. the spirit of a lie, Stj. 603.
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u, f. false advice, Stj. 264.
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m. false suspicion, Mar.
m. false king.
m. a false king, pretender, Fb. i. 28.
m. false rumour.
m. false news, Nj. 150, Fms. ix. 350.
a. truthful.
adj. truthful, Sturl. iii. 261.
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adv. lyingly, Stj.: incredibly, Al. 21.
a. false (lygilig orð).
adj. incredible, absurd, Anecd.
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m. untruthfulness, Stj. 197.
m. liar, impostor.
m. a liar, impostor, Sks. 75, Fms. ix. 55.
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n. lying words, Stj. 603.
f. false news, untrue story.
u, f., mod.
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n. a false witness, Hom. 18, Sks. 358.
a. calm, smooth, of wind and waves (var veðr gott ok ~t).
adj. [logn; Scot. loun; Swed. lugn; Dan. luun]:—calm, of wind and waves, Ld. 286, Eg. 482.
(-di, -t), v. impers. to become calm (lygndi veðrit).
d, to calm, become calm: impers., lygndi veðrit (acc.), Sturl. iii. 56; lygndi eptir storminn, Art. 85.
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u, f. a nickname, Fb. iii.
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n. = ljúgvitni, Anecd.
(pl. luklar and lyklar), m. key.
m., pl. luklar, mod. lyklar, dat. sing. lykli; [from loka; Dan. nögle; Swed. nyckel, changing l into n]:—a key, Grág. ii. 193, Gþl. 532, Odd. 16, Skálda 172, Fbr. 46 new Ed., N. G. L. i. 131, 383; kistu-lykill, Nj. 94; konungs-lykill, see konungr, Fbr. l. c., Fms. vi. 188: the lady of a house used to wear a bundle of keys at her girdle, hence the phrase in Þkv. 16, 19:—as a musical term, lyklar í symphonu, Skálda. lykla-vald, n. the keeping of the keys.
(lyk, lukta, luktr), v.
1) to shut in, enclose, close; l. e-n í myrkvastofu, to shut one up in a dungeon;
2) to put an end to (hvatki er lífi hans hefir lukt).
pres. lyk; pret. lukti or lukði; subj. lykði; part. luktr; [cp. lúka]:—to lock, shut in, enclose; til þess lykr hann stundum kvið kvenna, Mar.; síðan lukti hann stokkinn sem bezt, id.; at luktum oxanum, id.:—to join, konungr sá þar garða háva ok vel lukta, well wainscotted, Fms. v. 331; also, lukti hann alla lind bauga vel, he welded it well with the hammer, Vkv. 5: lykja aptr, to shut, Róm. 233; lykja e-m, himnaríki, Hom. (St.); lykja e-n úti, to shut a person out, N. G. L. iii. 230; þá bauð jarl at lykja hann í myrkva-stofu, to shut him up in, 623. 11; lykðir ok innibyrgðir, Fms. viii. 219; hann lukti hann í þeim stað er Florenz heitir, Bær. 20; höfðu þeir lukt um (fenced) akra sína ok eng, Eg. 529.
II. with dat. to put an end to: hvatki er líti hans hefir lukt, Fms. x. 395; fyrr en þat er lukt (finished), xi. 429; ok skal þeim lukt vera hit síðasta fyrir Jól, K. Á. 80; hér er lykt þeim hlut bókar, er …, Edda 217.
2. lúka, to discharge, pay; ok lykja út á tveim árum, Dipl. iv. 1; portio sú sem eigi er út lukt, Vm. 17.
III. reflex., en hvatki málum er lykzk hafa, N. …
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f. loop, coil of a rope, etc. (hann hafði ok dregr á hönd sér); gera ~ á leiðinni, to put an end to one’s journey, to stop; coil of a serpent (ormr með lykkju mikilli ok breiðum sporði).
u, f. [Dan. lökke; Ivar Aasen lykke; derived from lykja, lúka, but not from hlekkr]:—a lock, loop, coil; hann hafði lykkju ok dregr á hönd ser, Ísl. ii. 226; lykkjar í hornum, Korin. 86; þar til er lykkja varð á, a bend in a fence, Eg. 231, Fas. ii. 111 (of a flying dragon), Bær. 19: the loop or ring on which a bell hangs, Vm. 76: metaph., gera lykkju á leiðinni, to make a loop in one’s voyage, stop, Fms. v. 197: in knitting, taka upp lykkju, to pick up a loop; fella niðr lykkju, to drop a loop; whence lykkju-fall, n. the dropping a loop so as to leave a hole: lykkju-spor, n. pl. footprints in zig-zag, Jb. 424.
II. an enclosed field (mod. Norse lykke or lokke), a villa, e. g. the Norse villas about Christiania,—eptir öystra stræti ok auster á lykkjur, N. G. L. ii. 241 (v. l.), D. N. passim.
a. looped, curved.
adj., mod. hlykkjóttr, looped, crooked, curved, Stj. 78.
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m., pl. ir, mod. hlykkr, for this false aspiration see introduction to letter H:—a loop, bend, crook, curvature.
a. without bend.
adj., mod. hlykklauss, without loop or bend, Al. 173.
(að), v. to bend the knees.
að, to let down the knees, Fb. ii. 214: metaph., at hann muni niðr lykna undir reglunni, Mar.
f. end, conclusion (sú varð l. á viðrskiptum þeirra, sem nú má heyra); esp. in pl., gøra (vinna) lyktir á e-u, to do, perform; koma málum til lykta, to bring a case to a final issue; leiða e-t til lykta, to bring to an end, finish; at lyktum, at last, finally (þó flýði hann at lyktum); þat verðr at lyktum, at, the end of it was, that.
1. f. [lúka], chiefly used in plur. the end, conclusion, Fms. vii. 187, x. 253, xi. 82, 217, 326, Eg. 733: adverb., at lyktum, and til lykta, at last, finally, Nj. 99, Eg. 196, Fms. vii. 232, 278, x. 409. lykta-lauss, adj. endless, Barl. 142.
2. f. [Dan. lugt], a smell, Gd. 73; ó-lykt, a bad smell. lyktar-lauss, adj. without smell.
3. f. [Dan. lögte], a lantern, Bs. ii. 257.
(að), v. to bring to an end, finish; impers., ~r e-u, it ends.
að, to finish, end, Fms. i. 128, 141, iii. 35, viii. 152 (v. l.), Nj. 150, Fær. 191, Bs. i. 771, Finnb. 342, Kb. 26, 28, 210, Skálda 198.
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f. [lúka], payment, Gþl. 348, Dipl. i. 4.
f. wiliness, cunning.
u, f. wiliness, cunning, Stj. 200, 471, Al. 153; með leynd ok lymsku, Mar. lymsku-ligr, adj. (-liga, adv.), wily.
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að, dep. to act cunningly, sneak, Pr. 415.
adv. cunningly.
adv. cunningly. Mar.
a. wily, cunning.
adj. [Dan. lumsk; perh. derived from lómr II], wily, cunning, Sturl. ii. 117, Fas. iii. 616, Bs. i. 549.
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t, impers. to agree; mér lyndir ve1 (ílla) við hann.
n. temper, disposition.
n. [cp. lund; Swed. lynne], temper, disposition, Fms. i. 288, vi. 45, vii. 16, 221, Stj. 554, passim; skap-lyndi, temper; þurr-lyndi, sulkiness; glað-lyndi, cheerfulness; þung-lyndi, melancholy; góð-lyndi, good-temper; íll-lyndi, ill-temper.
COMPDS: lyndisbragð, lyndisgóðr, lyndislag, lyndislíkr.
n. temper.
n. temper, Grett. 115 A.
a. good-tempered.
adj. good-tempered, Fs. 70.
n. temper, disposition.
n. temper, Grett. 115.
a. of like temper.
adj. of like temper, Fb. i. 529, Fas. ii. 225.
a. tempered; illa l., bad-tempered, opp. to góð~.
adj. tempered, Korm. 75, Fms. iii, 153: in compds, góð-lyndr, glað-lyndr, bráð-lyndr, fljót-lyndr, mis-lyndr, þung-lyndr, þurr-lyndr.
(dat. lyngvi), n. ling, heather.
n., dat. lyngvi, Fm. 21, 28, 29, mod. lyngi; gen. pl. lyngva, Fms. v. 234 (in a verse), Eg. (in a verse); [A. S. and Engl. ling; Dan. lyng]:—ling, heather, not only in the English sense, but also of whortle on which berries grow; lyng is smaller than hrís, q. v.; skríða um lyng, Fms. vii. 251; lyng mikit var par ok ber á, there was much bush with berries on, O. H. L. 67, and so in mod. usage; whence hrútaberja-lyng, bláberja-lyng.
COMPDS: lyngáll, lyngbakr, lyngfiskr, lynghnappa, lynghæns, lyngormr, lyngrif, lyngrunnr, lyngyrmlingr.
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a, m. a pr. name, Sæm.
m. ‘heather-eel’, snake.
m. a ‘ling-eel,’ poët. for a snake, Korm.
m. ‘ling-back’, a fabulous sea-monster.
m. ling-back, a fabulous sea monster whose back was grown with ling, Fas. ii. 249; as in the tale of Sindbad the Sailor.
m. ‘ling-fish’, snake.
m. a ling-fish, poët. for a snake, Gkv. 2. 22.
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að, and lyng-hnappr, m. a bundle of ling, in a pun, Krók. 63, 64.
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n. pl. heath fowl, Orkn. 416 (in a verse).
m. snake (living among heather).
m. a ‘ling-worm,’ snake, Fms. ii. 179, vi. 296, Bs. ii. 94.
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n. the pulling ling, for fuel, Vm. 158.
m. heath bush.
m. a bush, Fas. i. 163.
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m. a little snake, Fas. iii. 233.
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u, f. [lopi], wool drawn into a long hank before being spun. lyppu-lár, m. the chest in which the lyppa is kept.
(-pta, -ptr), v. to lift, raise, with dat. (síðan lypti hón kápuhetti hans ok sá í andlit honum); l. e-u upp, to lift up; l. ferð sinni, to start on a journey; impers., lyptir e-u, it is lifted up, raised; lypti þá mjök brúnum manna, their faces brightened;
refl., ~st, to move, stir (lézt hann ekki mundu þaðan l. fyrr en á bak jólum); lyptist þeim þá lítt reiði, their anger was raised a little.
t, [cp. lopt], to lift, raise, with acc.; lyptandi sínar hendr, Mar.: with dat., síðan lypti hón kápu-hetti hans, Fms. i. 149; gékk konungr þar til ok lypti upp tjaldinu, 158; hann lypti upp kettinum, Edda; lypta brúnum, to lift the eyebrows, shew gladness:—metaph., lypta ferð, to start on a journey, Fms. x. 6; lyptir nú Jóram sínum her, Stj. 610; má ek engum her héðan lypta, Fms. viii. 22.
II. impers. it is lifted up, raised; mér var þat enn mesti harmr, er þessum stormi var lypt, Þiðr. 326; lyptir þá mjök brúnum manna, the men’s eyebrows were lifted up, their faces brightened, Fs. 26.
III. reflex. to move, stir; þá tók hann til hennar, ok lyptisk hón ekki, Landn. 151; lézk hann ekki mundu þaðan lyptask fyrr en á bak Jólum, Fms. viii. 16S; lyptisk þeim þá lítt reiði, their anger was raised a little, Fbr. 137.
f. raised deck (in the after-part of war-ships).
f. a raised place (castle) on the poop of old ships of war, Eg. 122, 361, Fms. i. 158, ii. 305, 308, 322, iii. 1, 2, vii. 165, x. 350, Orkn. 116, passim; lyptingar tjald, a tent in the lypting, Hkr. iii. 77.
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u, f. [Swed. larf], a caterpillar, metaph. a naughty person.
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u, f. = lyrgr, a nickname, Fb. iii.
m. forelock; taka e-m lyrg, to take one by the forelock.
in., mod. lurgr, a forelock (?); only in the phrase, taka e-m lyrg (mod. taka í lurginn á e-m), to take one by the forelock, by the ears (vulg.), Fas. ii. 341; cp. the Engl. loggerheads.
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m. a ‘lyrit-oath,’ a kind of oath of compurgation in the Norse, but not in the old Icel. law; it was an oath of three, viz. of the person who took the oath, with two compurgators, in remembrance of the three lyrit stones, which gave the name to this oath of compurgation; nú skal lyritar-eið svá vinna, sjálfr skal hann vinna, ok annarr jafnréttis-maðr, … sá skal enn þriði, er …, N. G. L. i. 56, cp. Js. 30, Jb.; stendr lyritar-eiðr fyrir hvárt þriggja marka mál ok þau er minni eru, N. G. L. ii. 306; hón skal þess synja með lyritar-eiði með frjálsum konum tveimr, i. 376 (394), of a compurgatory oath in the case of a still-born child.
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u, f. a ban by lyrit, Grág. i. 263, 353.
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f. = lyritarvarzla, Grág. ii. 219.
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m., or better lýritr or lýrittr, gen. lyritar (but lyrits, Grág. ii. 233), dat. lyriti, plur. lyritar. N. G. L. ii. 94, Jb. 193; the quantity cannot be ascertained because the vellums do not distinguish between long and short vowels; it is spelt with one t throughout the Grág. (Kb.); the alliterative phrase lagalyritr, as also the invariable spelling in the Grágás, shew that the word had no initial h. Former attempts at an etymology, from læ and rifta (Björn á Skarðsá), hlýrar and réttir (Pal Vídal.), lygi and rift (Fritzner), must be dismissed; tiie spelling lyriftar, which once or twice occurs in Norse MSS. of the 14th century (N. G. L. i. 394, ii. 94, v. l. 19), is probably a mere corruption. Lyritr is a compd word from lög, law, and rör or reyr, a landmark, which word in the old Swed. law exactly answers to lyrit in the Norse law; lyrit is thus qs. lý-ryr-ti, by assimilation and by weakening the y into i, lyritti; the t being inflexive: its literal sense, therefore, is a lawful rör or landmark. In Sweden there were often five mark-stones, but it is added (Schlyter iii. s. v. rör)—fiuri stenar oc þri stenar mughu rör heta = four stones and even three stones may be called rör, i. …
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adj. a case liable to lyrit; lyritnæmar sakar, Grág. i. 31 (bottom); vígsakar lyritnæmar, 158; en þær eru allar lyritnæmar sakar, er eyris-bót kömr til eða meiri, ii. 173.
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u, f. [lurtr], a nickname, Fms. viii.
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u, f. a wisp of damp hay spread for drying in a mown field; það eru lyskrur í heyinu, there are wet wisps in it, ’tis not quite dry; or lyskróttr, adj. full of wet wisps of hay.
f. desire, pleasure (rare).
f. [losti], lust, desire, but in a good sense; þat er hvers lyst sem hann leikr, a saying: appetite, of food, hafa góða lyst; matar-lyst, id.; ó-lyst, lack of appetite.
COMPDS: lystargóðr, lystarlauss, lystarleysi.
(-sti), v. impers., e-n lystir, one desires, wishes; lifði hverr sem lysti, every one lived just as he pleased; hann lysti at sjá Ísland, he wished to see Iceland; mik lystir til e-s, í e-t, I have a fancy to, a desire for (mik lysti í hring þenna).
t, [losti], to list, desire: impers., e-n lystir, ‘me lists,’ one wishes; sem augun (acc.) lystir at sjá, Str. 45; lifði hverr sem lysti, Bs. i. 501; drekka sem lysti, Fms. ii. 135; hann (acc.) lysti at sjá Ísland, Fs. 104; laut und línu, lysti at kyssa, Þkv. 27; e-n lystir til e-s, Barl. 23, Stj. 59; lysta í e-t, id., Fb. ii. 171.
II. reflex. to be filled with delight, Barl. 29.
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adj. having a good appetite.
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adj. having no appetite.
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n. lack of appetite.
f. desire, pleasure, delight.
f. pleasure, delight, Stj. 45: desire, 148, passim.
adv. delightfully.
adv. delightfully, gracefully, Stj. 31.
a. delightful.
adj. delightful, Stj. 45, Sks. 535, Hkr. iii. 264, Barl. 148.
a. sensual (lystisamlig girnd).
adj. delightful, Stj.
f. = lysting.
and lysti-semd, f. = lysting, Fbr. 137.
a. eager, desirous.
adj. [Germ. lüstig; Old Engl. lusty], eager, willing, Stj. 8, 178: charming, lystugt er úti at vera á vori, Bb. 3. 55.
2. mod. hearty, of appetite for food; ó-lystugr, of bad appetite, also of food.
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a, m. = lysting, Stj. 47: lust, 146.
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adj. = lystiligr.
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m. a nickname, Sturl. iii. 55.
(-s, -ir, rarely -ar), m.
1) people, esp. the common people (er konungr heyrði ákafa lýðsins);
2) the members of a household (gakk þú út ok allr l. með þér);
3) pl. men, persons (allir lýðir).
m., gen. lýðs, pl. lýðir; but lýðar, Akv. 12, Sighvat (Fms. vi. 40); [from Goth. liudan = to grow; cp. Ulf. jugga-lauþs = νεανίσκος; A. S. leôð; Engl. lewd people; O. H. G. liut; Germ. leute; Swed. ung-lyde = youth; cp. Gr. λαός, λεώς]:—people, esp. the common people; lýðr heitir landfólk, Edda 108; vera allir samt sem einn lýðr, Stj. 187; þegar lýðrinn var sjálfráða, Ó. H. 46; allit., stjórn lýðs ok lands, Orkn. 124; lands-lýðr, the people of the land; allr lýðr, all people, Fs. 178; öllum lýð, Magn. 438; allir lyðir, 656 A. ii. 18; af lýðum sínum, by his people, Stj. 347; Múspells-lýðir, Vsp. 51; en er konungr heyrði ákafa lýðsins, Ó. H. 205; tók þar lýðr við trú … í vilð við lýðinn, Fms. x. 393; ok margr lýðr annarr, Karl. 425: the household folk, gakk þú út ok allr lýðr með þér, Nj. 200.
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part. mannered, Fms. i. 134.
m. suffragan bishop.
m. = ljóðbiskup, q. v.
m. commoner, layman.
m. a commoner, layman, Stj. 582, Róm. 228.
a. like a common man.
adj. like a common man, Al. 86.
n. coll. = lýðmenn.
n. collect. = lýðmaðr; svá tignir menn sem lyðmenni, Róm. 158.
f. the duty of a liege-man to his lord, homage (eptir þat veitti jarl honum ønga lýðskyldu).
u, f. homage, the duty of a liegeman towards his lord; eptir þat veitti jarl honum önga lýðskyldu, Fms. iv. 24, Ó. H. 91; sem góðr þegn skal góðum konungi veita, skal ek honum alla þá lögliga lýðskyldu … (in the oath of homage), Gþl. 68.
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n. = lýðskylda, Fms. x. 398, 399.
a. yielding lýðskylda to one, subject to one.
adj. subject, yielding lýðskylda to one, Eg. 14; vóru þá jarlar honum lýðskyldir, Ó. H. 91, Fms. i. 14.
a. = lýðskyldr.
adj. = lýðskyldr, Fas. ii. 458.
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adj. [skera], of blubber, of which all have a right to carve, N. G. L. i. 252.
(lý, lúða, lúinn), v.
1) to beat, hammer; l. járn, to forge iron (with a sledge-hammer);
2) to wear out, exhaust (lýr hann sóttin ok deyr hann);
3) refl., lýjast, to be worn, exhausted (tóku menn þá at l. mjök á erfiði).
pres. lý, lýr; pret. lúði; part. lúinn (lúiðr?):—to beat soft, thrash; hann lýr ok lemr, Stj. 95; hann lagði steininn niðr fyrir smiðju-dyrum, ok lúði þar við járn síðan, to forge iron with a sledge-hammer, Eg. 142; lýja líkam sinn, to chastise one’s body, Stj. 395; hón lýstr hann með trénu, svá at hón lýr (Ed. wrongly glýr) alla höndina, strikes him (on the wrist) with a cudgel and disables his band, Gísl. 156: metaph., lýr hann (acc.) sóttin, ok deyr hann, Fs. 195.
II. reflex. to become benumbed by a blow, of a limb; ok varð mikit högg svá at lúðisk undir, ok brotnuðu rifin, Korm. 212.
2. to be worn, exhausted; tóku menn at lýjask mjök á erfiði, Grett. 95; þá tók Haraldr konungr at eldask mjök ok lýjask, Eg. 171.
III. part. lúinn, worn, bruised; vóru ok árar mjök lúnar, the oars were much worn by pulling, Bárð. 169; hann brytr upp gólfit er áðr var laust ok lúit, Bs. i. 198:—weary, exhausted, var lúinn hestr hans mjök, Bárð. 171; hann verðr ok lúinn, ferr undir eina eik ok hvílisk þar, Fas. i. 131.
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m., gen. lýs, a kind of fish, gadus pollachius, Edda (Gl.), = Norse lyr; whence lýr-gata, lý-braut, lý-slóð, lý-teigr, the track of the lyr, poët. = the sea, Lex. Poët.
I)
(-ta, -tr), v.
1) to light up, illuminate (sól skal l. allan heim ok verma); impers., ok lýsir allt lopt af faxi hans, and from his mane is lighted up all the sky; lýsir af e-u, it shines, glitters (lýsti ok af hjálminum, er sólin skein á); lýsir, it gets light, it dawns (um morguninn, er lýsa tók);
2) to manifest, show, exhibit (Heinir lýstu mikinn drengskap);
3) to proclaim, publish, give notice of, as a law term; with acc., l. frumhlaup, sár, víg á hendr e-m, to charge one with, indict one for, an assault, wound, manslaughter; with dat., l. vígi á hendr sér, to declare oneself to be the cause of a death;
4) to publish, proclaim, with dat. (lýsir hann þingreið sinni); l. yfir e-u, to make known (S. lýsir erindi sínu fyrir jarli);
5) impers., nú lýsir hér yfir því, at hún, now it became clear, that she;
6) to illuminate (a book).
II)
f. gleam, shimmering light (ek sé lýsu nökkura til hafsins).
u, f. a gleam, shimmering light; brá yfir blám loga, Þórir spurði hvat lýsu þat væri, Gullþ. 5; ek sé lýsu (lýsa Ed.) langt norðr í haf, Fas. ii. 30 (in a verse); ek sé lýsu nokkura til hafsins, Finnb. 230; Sturlu sýndisk sem lýsu nokkurri brygði fyrir hamarinn, Sturl. ii. 86. lýsu-knappr, m. a nickname, Sturl. iii.
II. a fish, gadus merluccius, Norse lysing, Edda (Gl.), Fms. vi. 376 (in a verse).
I)
(-ta, -tr), v.
1) to light up, illuminate (sól skal l. allan heim ok verma); impers., ok lýsir allt lopt af faxi hans, and from his mane is lighted up all the sky; lýsir af e-u, it shines, glitters (lýsti ok af hjálminum, er sólin skein á); lýsir, it gets light, it dawns (um morguninn, er lýsa tók);
2) to manifest, show, exhibit (Heinir lýstu mikinn drengskap);
3) to proclaim, publish, give notice of, as a law term; with acc., l. frumhlaup, sár, víg á hendr e-m, to charge one with, indict one for, an assault, wound, manslaughter; with dat., l. vígi á hendr sér, to declare oneself to be the cause of a death;
4) to publish, proclaim, with dat. (lýsir hann þingreið sinni); l. yfir e-u, to make known (S. lýsir erindi sínu fyrir jarli);
5) impers., nú lýsir hér yfir því, at hún, now it became clear, that she;
6) to illuminate (a book).
II)
f. gleam, shimmering light (ek sé lýsu nökkura til hafsins).
t, [ljós; Dan. lyse; Swed. liusa], to lighten, illumine; hón (the sun) skal lýsa allan heim ok verma, Sks. 38; sól lýsir tungl, Rb. 448, passim, Hom. 128, MS. 656 C. 2; æ lýsir mön af mari, to shed light, Vþm.; lýsa blinda, to give light to the blind, 677. 5, 656 B. 12:—to light up, lýsa lampa, Str. 18, Sks. ii. 177: lýsa kirkju, to light up a church, D. I. passim, Vm. passim: to illuminate a book, en Magnus prestr hefir skrifat upp þaðan, ok lýst alla, Fb. (inscription):—of the daylight, to dawn, lítt var lýst af degi, Ld. 46; um morguninn er lýsa tók, Fms. i. 111; þegar er lítt var lýst, Ó. H. 115.
2. impers. it shines, beams; lýsti ok mjök af hjálmi hans er sólin skein á, Fms. i. 44; fyrir þínar sakar lýsir allan heim, by thee light shines on all the world, Hom. 31.
II. metaph. to explain, Sks. 193, 587.
2. to manifest, shew, exhibit; lýsa ótrúleik, Eg. 64; lýsa hug sinn, to declare one’s mind, Grág. i. 8; Heinir lýstu mikinn drengskap, Fms. ix. 344: pass., sem lýsisk í sögunni, xi. 440; hann lýsti meir í því ríki sitt ok þrályndi en réttlæti, Bs. …
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m. illuminator.
a, m. an illuminator, Fms. x. 244, MS. 655 xiii. B. 3.
n.
1) light, brightness;
2) means of lighting; oil, train-oil.
n. a lighting, brightness, Hom. 128.
II. oil, train-oil, from its bright colour, Stj. 154, K. Á. 206, Gþl. 524, K. Þ. K. 162, freq. in mod. usage; þorsk-lýsi, cod-oil; hákarls-lýsi, shark-oil; sel-lýsi, seal-oil; brætt lýsi, sjálfrunnið lýsi.
COMPDS: lýsisfat, lýsimælir.
f.
1) lighting, illumination;
2) daybreak, dawn;
3) declaration, publication;
4) bans of marriage.
f. light, illumination, K. Á. 100.
2. the daybreak, dawn; í lysing þessa dags, Hom. 80; hann andaðisk þann sama morgun í lýsing, Fms. ii. 195: bíða lýsingar, iv. 151, ix. 46.
II. metaph. declaration, publication, Grág. i. 18, Nj. 110, Gþl. 307.
2. the bans of marriage, K. Á. 110, Bs. i. 742. COMPBS: lýsingar-skeið, n. the time of daybreak, Fms. viii. 337. lýsingar-váttr, m. a witness to a declaration, a law term, Nj. 233. lýsingar-vætti, n. an attestation to a lýsing, Nj. 87.
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m. a light-coloured horse; but a light-coloured mare is called ljóska, q. v.
n. train-oil cask.
n. an oil-cask, Bs. i. 842.
n. bright gold.
n. bright gold, opp. to rauða gull, Edda 68, Fas. iii. 627.
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n. a lantern, Vm. 6.
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u, f. a candle-box, Am. 6.
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u, f. a kind of lamp, Vm. 9, D. I. i. 270.
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m. an oil-dealer, N. G. L. iii.
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a, m. a candlestick, D. N.
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m. colour for illuminating books, D. I. i. 266.
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m. = ljóstollr, K. Á. 78, 102, 162.
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f. [lús], the ‘lousy disease,’ phthiriasis, Stj. 272.
(-tta, -ttr), v.
1) to blemish;
2) to blame;
3) to disgrace, violate.
t, [ljótr], to deform, Skálda 170, Stj. 142.
II. metaph. to blemish; lasta ok lýta, Barl. 184, Stj. 134, Fas. i. 330, ii. 207: to disgrace, violate, Stj. 376, 502, 536.
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adj. full of faults, Stj. 473.
a. faultless, without blemish.
adj. faultless, Str. 2.
n.
1) fault, blemish (þat var lýti á, at);
2) disgrace.
n. a fault, flaw, deformity, Korm. 18, Grett. 158, Hkr. iii. 64: metaph. disgrace, Grág. ii. 129.
COMPDS: lýtafullr, lýtalauss.
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adj. ugly, Sks. 302.
f.
1) custom, manner (hann hefir sömu lýzku sína ok áðr);
2) dialect, = mál~.
u, f. = lýðska.
(dat. lævi), n., poet. venom, bane;
blanda lopt lævi, to poison the air;
sviga læ, ‘switch-bane’, fire;
biðja e-m læs, to wish one evil;
löngr eru lýða læ, the woes of men are long.
n., dat. lævi, [Ulf. lew = ἀφορμή and lewian = παραδιδόναι; cp. A. S. læwa = a traitor]:—fraud, craft; ljóða læ, the treason of the people, Hkr. i. 255 (in a verse).
2. craft, art, skill, Vsp. 18, where it is spelt lá; önd, óðr, and læ were the three mental gifts of the three gods who made man.
3. bane; sviga læ, ‘switch-bane,’ poët. the fire, Vsp. 52; frið-læ, n breach of peace, Edda (Ht.); klungrs læ, a fire, Fms. vii. 66 (in a verse): a plague, evil, biðja e-m læs, to wish one evil, Hm. 137; hes lausn, a release from evil, O. H. (in a verse); löng eru 1ýða læ (pl.), long are the people’s woes, Sdm. 2; blanda lopt lævi, to poison the air, Vsp. 29.
II. = lá, the sea, a different word, [Scot. le or lee], water, liquor; gríðar læ, the ogress sea = the blood, Höfuðl. (but a doubtful passage): læ-baugr, m. the sea circle = the horizon, sky = veðr metonymically, Ó. H. 171 (in a verse).
COMPDS: læblandinn, lægjarn, læskjarr, læspjöll, læstyggr, lætrauðr, lævísi, lævísliga, lævíss. …
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u, f. a sneaker; fjalla-læða, of fog creeping about the sides of mountains but leaving the summits clear.
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d, (qs. lœðask?), to sneak, steal, slink, creep; læðisk kisu lóra, of a cat, Hallgrim: freq. in mod. usage:—also, but less correct, used as act. with dat., læða e-u, to put stealthily.
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m. (spelt levðingr in Cod. Reg.), [from læðask?], the name of the charmed fetter with which the wolf Fenrir was bound in the mythical tale, Edda 19.
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f. [lófa], a hand’s breadth; læfðar breitt, Flóv. 31.
f.
1) a hollow, low place;
2) lowness;
3) degradation.
f. [lágr], a hollow, low place, Nj. 61, Sks. 605, Þorf. Karl. 420, Stj. 611, Mag. 146: lowness, Hom. 8, Stj. 173, Bs. ii. 42, Barl. 169.
I) n.
1) berth, anchorage (leggja skipi í l.);
2) opportunity, fair wind (gaf þeim ekki l. út ór firðinum).
II) from liggja.
n. [from liggja or perh. better from logn (lœgi) = loun, calm water, cp. Alm. 23]:—a berth, anchorage, Alm. 23, Fs. 92, 148, 151, Fms. i. 157, vi. 17, 120, x. 233, passim: opportunity, ok gaf þeim eigi lægi út ór firðinum, Fbr. 13 new Ed.; hence the mod. sæta lægi, to watch an opportunity.
2. = leg, situation, Sks. 294.
f. disgrace, degradation.
f. a lowering, degradation, Glúm. 337, Fs. 13, Hom. 46, 97.
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(qs. lœgir?), m., poët. the sea, Edda (Gl.), prop. the calm sea; cp. sílægja and logn.
(-ða, -ðr), v.
1) to lower, let down (l. segl);
2) fig. to humble, bring down (hann drap þá, eða lægði þá á annan veg);
3) impers., lægir e-t, it is lowered, sinks; þeir sigldu svá, at lönd (acc.) lægði, they sailed so far that the land sank out of sight; þegar er sólina lægði, when the sun sank; of a storm, it abates (þá tók at l. veðrit);
4) refl., ~st, to fall, sink abate (vindar lægðust; af hans tilkvámu lægðist harkit).
ð, [lágr], to lower, let down; lægja segl, Fms. ii. 305; höfin lægja storma sína, Sks. 221.
II. metaph. to humble, bring down; at lægja þessa villu, Hkr. i. 102; en drap þá er móti honum vóru, eða lægði (humbled) þá annan veg, Fms. x. 192; lægja sik, to lower, humble oneself, Hom. 40, 50.
III. impers. it is lowered, sinks; nú lægir segl (acc.) þeirra, Ó. H. 182; þeir sigldu svá at lönd (acc.) lægði, they sailed so far that the land sank out of sight, Ant. Am. 271; þegar er sólina lægði, when the sun sank, Eb. 172.
2. of a storm, it abates; þá tók at lægja veðrit (acc.), Nj. 124; en er veðrit tók at mínka ok lægja brim, Eg. 99; til þess er veðr lægði, 129; en þegar um várit er sjó tók at lægja, 160.
IV. reflex. to get lower; lönd lægjask, to sink under the horizon, Orkn. (in a verse):—to sink, fall, abate, þá lægðusk þeir ok féllu niðr, Fms. x. 324, Sks. 204; af hans tilkvámu lægðisk harkit, Fms. ix. 414.
a., eiga lægt at kirkju, to have a right to be buried at a church.
adj., only in compds, gras-lægr (q. v.), or in neut. in the phrase, eiga lægt (at kirkju), to have a right to be buried, K. Þ. K. 18, 34: in the phrase, var þá lægt viðr, at …, it was on the point of … (cp. lá við), Stj. 479.
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m. [Dan. lægedom], = læknis-dómr, Bs. ii. 180, Mar.
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u, f. a bird; see doðka.
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n. a running brook. Lv. 85.
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n. or -farvegr, m. the bed of a brook, Korm. 182.
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n. a ghyll with a brook, Dipl. v. 19.
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m. the mouth of a brook, Ld. 250, Eg. 185.
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f. a running brook, Stj. 163.
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u, f. a little brook.
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f. a cure, = lækning; koma til læknar, Hkr. i. 102, Post. 248; þeir er vilja læknar lifa (lyfa?), Hm. 148.
(að), v. to cure, heal.
að, but older læknði, Fms. x. 370; spelt lecnði, whence lækning, but mod. læknaði:—to cure, heal, Barl. 9; en Ástríð leknði hann, Fms. x. 370; lækna sár, Al. 99, Bs., passim in mod. usage.
m. physician.
a, m. a leech, = læknir, Þórð. 70, Bs. i. 294.
(pl. -ar), f.
1) cure; Hallr var at ~u at Hváli, H. was under medical treatment at H.;
2) medicine (góð l.);
3) the healing art.
f. a cure, as also the art of healing, Nj. 154, Sks. 117, Stj. 625, Hom. 133, Bs. i. 639–643:—medicine, góð lækning, Pr. 473; lækningar kaup, a fee for a cure, N. G. L. i. 67; lækningar lyf, a medicine, Stj. 272, see lyf; lækuingar bragð, a cure, Fms. viii. 442. lækninga-maðr, m. a leech, = læknir.
(-is, -ar), m. physician.
m. a leech, physician, Sdm. 11, Nj. 89, MS. 623, 40, Fas. iii. 644, Hkr. ii. 376, Mar., Stj., Bs. i. 640 sqq., passim.
COMPDS: læknisdómr, læknisfé, læknisfingr, læknisgras, læknishendr, læknislyf.
m. medicine.
m. medicine, Stj. 126, Barl. 17.
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n. a leech’s fee, Gþl. 149.
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m. the ‘leech-finger,’ digitus medicalis, Stj. 191.
n. healing herb.
n. a healing herb, Pr. 470.
f. pl. healing hands.
f. pl. ‘leech-hands,’ healing hands, Sdm. 4. Fms. v. 40.
n. medicine.
f. a medicine. 656 B. 11, see lyf.
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1. m. [i. e. lœkr; Ivar Aasen lök], the umbilical cord, navel string, a midwife’s term, Stj. 198.
2. m. (i. e. lœkr,—lœkr, œgr, því fegra þykkir hljóða en lækr, ægr, Skálda 178), gen. lækjar, dut. with the article læknum, Ísl. ii. 339, 340, Fms. vi. 351; pl. lækir, gen. lækja, dat. lækjum:—a brook, rivulet, Edda (Gl.), Nj. 69, 155, 244, Ísl. ii. 339, 340, Bs. i. 196. Dropl. 34, Lv. 85, Fms. i. 252, 253, vi. 351, Fb. i. 414, passim, esp. in mod. Icel., in which lækr is always used instead of the Dan. bæk; bæjar-lækr, and in many local names, Brjáns-lækr, Lækjar-bugr, Bs.; Lækjar-skógr, etc.
COMPDS: lækjarduðra, lækjarfall, lækjarfar, lækjargil, lækjaróss, lækjarrás, lækjarspræna.
(-s, -ar), m. loom (bird).
m., pl. læmingjar:—a loom (bird) = lómr, Gísl. 67, cp. 155: metaph., the phrase, í læmingi, by stealth, Gísl. 155; in Vígl. 22 the new Ed. reads í fleymingi.
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u, f. [lón], a hollow place, vale.
n.
1) the leg above the knee, thigh (Kolskeggr hjó á lærit ok undan fótinn);
2) ham, of meat (lær af þrevetrum uxa).
n., mod. læri, [A. S. lire; Scot. lyre = the fleshy parts of the body; Old Engl. leere = skin; Dan. laar]:—the thigh, the leg above the knee; hjó á lærit ok undan fótinn, Nj. 97, Glúm. 380; taka í mitt lær, Fbr. 53; Icvsti holdit allt af lærinu, Róm. 239; blés upp allan fótinn, lærit tók þá at grafa, Grett. 153; lærit upp at smá-þörmum, 154:—of a beast, á lær galtanum, Gullþ. 15.
II. a ham, of meat; eða tvau lær hengi, þars ek hafða eitt etið, Hm. 66; þó at eitt lær hengi upp, N. G. L. i. 349; lær oxans tvau ok báða bógana, Edda 45; lær af þrévetrum oxa, O. H. L. 60; sjaldan liggjandi úlfr lær um getr, né sofandi maðr sigr, Hm. 57.
(-ða, -ðr), v. to teach (hann lærði Ara prest); lærast at e-m, to get information from a person.
ð, [Ulf. laisjan = διδάσκειν; A. S. lærnan; Old Engl. lere; Engl. learn = to teach formerly, and sometimes so used still; Scot. lair or lear; O. H. G. leran; Germ. lehren: Swed. lära; Dan. lære; in all changing the s into r; the word may be a derivative from lesa (I), to gather; cp. Eat. legere, to gather and to read]:
I. to teach, with acc. or absol.; þeirra kenningar lærðu oss, Hom. (St.): the disciple in acc., læra annan í stað sinn, K. Þ. K. 60; hann lærði Ara prest, Hkr. (pref.); hverr sá maðr er lærir aðra, Gd. 35; hann lét læra hann á vígfimi ok riddara-skap ok allsháttar íþróttir, Fms. i. 97: lærðr á Látinu-tungu, K. Þ. K. 74; vel lærðir til vápna ok riddara-skaps, Sks. 381; nema hjarta heyrandans lærisk af helgum Anda, Greg. 19; lærask at e-m, to get information from a person, Karl. 444; cp. lærðr below.
II. to learn, in mod. usage iir this sense only, but seems not to occur in old writers, for Fas. ii. 67 is a paper MS., but cp. læra bók, Nd. 18 (a poem of the beginning of the 15th century).
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part. a teacher, Stj.
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f. a book of learning.
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f. science.
m. scholar (~ mikill).
m. a scholar, Bs. i. 98.
pp. learned (vel. l. þegar á unga aldri); lærðir menn, clerics.
part., [cp. Old Engl. lered], prop. ‘taught,’ and then learned, a scholar; næmr ok vel lærðr, Bs. i. 127, K. Þ. K. 154; lærðir menn, opp. to leikir menn (laymen); lærðr eða leikr, Dipl. ii. 13; in mod. usage = a scholar; há-lærðr, high learned; ó-lærðr, unlearned; lítt-lærðr, vel-lærðr, freq.; see læra (I).
f. teaching, instruction.
f. teaching, learning, in olden times esp. for holy orders; þá seldu honum margir sonu sína til læringar, ok létu vígja til presta, Íb. 14, Bs. i. 63; til fóstrs eða læringar (education) eða farar, Grág. i. 172; hann var settr til læringar, 623. 54:—teaching, precept, Hom. 108, 157; læringar = kenningar, Skálda 205 (in a verse).
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m. learning, = lærdómr, Stj. 14, 64.
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f. a ‘ lore-daughter,’ female disciple, Stj. 157.
m. teacher, master.
m. a ‘lore-father,’ teacher, master, Sks. 307, 803, Post.: of the Fathers, eccl.
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f. a ‘lore-mother,’ female teacher, Greg. 27.
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f. a female disciple, Stj. 158, Greg. 27.
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m. a pulpit, chair, Mart. 113.
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m. a ‘lore-son,’ disciple, Bs. i. 907.
m. disciple.
1. m. a ‘lore-swain,’ disciple, Fms. i. 134, Gþl. 40; Eyjólfr virði Þorlák mest allra sinna lærisveina, Bs. i. 91, and passim in the N. T. (the disciples of Christ), Vídal., Pass.: freq. in mod. usage = schoolboy.
2. this word is a translation of A. S. leorning-cniht, a word used in Ælfric’s English at the time when Christianity was transported from England to Norway and Iceland; at a still earlier time the English rendered ‘discipulus’ by ‘þegn’ (Gregory’s Pastoral Care).
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adj. deep in lore, a nickname, Bs.
m.
1) learning, scholarship;
2) the clergy (öfundarmenn lærdómsins).
m. learning, scholarship, Bs. i. 8; hann hafði höfðingskap mikinn ok lærdóm góðan, 90, passim: of the clergy, as opp. to the laity, leikdómr, Bs., H. E. passim.
COMPDS: lærdómsbók, lærdómsgrein, lærdómsmaðr.
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u, f. a joint bone.
m. thigh-bone.
m. the thigh bone, Fms. ix. 219, Edda 28, Sks. 372, Gullþ. 15.
(-ta, -tr), v.
1) to lock, with dat.; læsti hón loptinu innan, she locked the room from the inside; kirkjur vóru allar læstar, all the churches were locked;
2) to shut in, lock up (hón fylgdi henni í útibúr ok læsti þau þar);
3) to set in metal (í hjalti sverðsins vóru læstir lyfsteinar).
t, [láss; Dan. laase], to lock, shut, with dat., læsti hón þegar loptinu innan, Nj. 7; var þeirri hurðu læst, Fms. iii. 67; þau vóru öll læst innan borgar, xi. 74; hurðin var bæði læst innan ok útan, Hom. 120; læsti síðan skríninu, Fms. vi. 402; kirkjur vóru allar læstar, viii. 229:—to shut one in, hón fylgði þeim í úti-búr ok læsti þau þar, Ísl. ii. 108; var hestr Grettis læstr í húsi sterkliga, Grett. 113: læsa bréf, to seal, Róm. 247, Bs. ii. 122:—to groove, í hjalti sverðsins vóru læstir lyfsteinar, Fas. iii. 244.
2. of a beast of prey; læsa klóm, hrammi, to pierce or clasp with the claws; hón læsti klónum inn að beini: reflex., læsast or læsa sig, to pierce, penetrate; klærnar læstust inn að beini (of claws), mjúksár um limu logi mér læsir sig fast, Snót 128.
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f. a lock.
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part. locked, having a lock, Dipl. iii. 4.
(dat. látum), n. pl.
1) noise, cries (slík l. þóttist konungrinn eigi heyrt hafa);
2) manners, voice (lit hefir þú Gunnars ok l. hans).
n. pl., in dat. látum, [Dan. lader, cp. lát], manner, also including sound; læti er tvennt, læti heitir rödd, læti heitir æði, Edda 110. Vsp. 18; engi þau læti, hljóð eða raddir, Skálda 172; hón kveðr við svá hátt ok öskurliga at slík læti þóttisk konungrinn eigi heyrt hafa, Fb. ii. 26; við askranleg læti, Al. 142; honum þótti íllt at heyra læti þeirra, their wailings, Fms. iv. 369; bæði handa læti ok fóta, Sks. 116; lit ok læti, Skv. 1. 39.
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adv. artfully, MS. 4. 6.
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adj. of Lóm, from the county Lóm in Norway, D. N.
pp. baleful, venomous.
part. baleful, venomous, Gkv. 2. 39.
a. guileful.
adj. guileful, Vsp. 39.
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see lémegin, Stj. 16.
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adj. guileless, Fms. vii. (in a verse).
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n. pl. baleful tidings, poët., Darr. (Nj.)
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adj. = læskjarr, Hallfred.
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adj. guileless, Sighvat.
(pl. -jar), m. lark (bird).
a, m. [A. S. lawerc; Old and North. E. lavrock], a lark, Edda (Gl.)
f. craft.
f. craft, Edda 69: skill, craft, lævísi allra hluta nemsk með venju, MS. 4. 7.
a. crafty.
adj. crafty, as an epithet of Loki, Hym., Ls., Edda; hin lævísa kona, Gg. 2: artful, skilful, lævíss maðr, MS. 4. 5.
(gen. laðar), f. invitation (poet.).
1. f., gen. laðar, [laða], bidding, invitation; laðar þurfi, Vþm. 8; buðumk hilmir löð, Höfuðl.; bjóða líðendum löð, Fsm. 3; þjóð-löð, hospitable reception, Hm. 4: in pr. names, Sigr-löð, who invites victory; Gunn-löð, Hm.
2. f., gen. löðar, [Engl. lathe], a smith’s lathe; kenna gull til sjóðs eða díguls eða lꜹðar, Edda 84, freq. in mod. usage. löð-hyrr, m. the fire of the lathe, poët. for gold, Ísl. ii. 372 (in a verse).
n. froth, see lauðr.
n. froth, (and löðra, að), see lauðr and lauðra.
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see lauðrungr.
a. mean, despicable.
adj. (-liga, adv.), cowardly, Grett. 90 A.
n. mean, feeble person.
n. a coward, feeble person, Fas. iii. 437.
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m. a bidder, inviter, Ýt. 23.
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or Loðurr, m. [cp. Germ. lodern], one of the names of Loki,—Loðurr is the Prometheus of the Northern mythology, see læ and óðr. Odin, Hænir, and Löðurr were the three gods who created Ask and Embla, Vsp.: vinr Löðurs, the friend of Löður, = Odin, Ht. (Hkr. i. 88).
n. pl.
1) law, laws (með ~um skal land byggja, en með ólögum eyða);
leggja ~ á e-t, to establish by law;
leiða e-t í ~, to bring into law, introduce a law;
taka e-t í ~, to accept as law (fyrr en kristni væri í ~ tekin á Íslandi);
hafa e-t í ~um, to adopt by law (þat var í ~um haft á Íslandi);
setja ~, to give law;
dœma e-m ~, to adjudge one’s case according to law;
leita laga við e-n, to go to law with;
ræna e-n ~um, to deprive one of law, to treat one unfairly;
segja or segja upp ~, to recite the law, say what is the law;
at (eptir, með) ~um, according to law;
2) participation or fellowship in law (þrælar eru ekki í ~um með öðrum mönnum);
leiða e-n í ~, to make one a full member of a community (eru þeir nú leiddir í ~ með þeim Jómsvíkingum).
n. pl. laws, see lag B.
2. in compds as a prefix = lawful, legal, as defined, ordered, prescribed in law, general, or the like.
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m. [leggja], poët. a ‘stabber,’ sword, only in poetry, Lex. Poët.
(gen. laggar), f. groove in the staves of a cask.
f., gen. löggvar, Edda ii. 100 (in a verse); in mod. usage laggar; [Scot. leggin; Engl. ledge]:—the ledge or rim at the bottom of a cask, Grág. i. 501, freq. in mod. usage: also of the inside of a cask, það er dálítið eptir í lögginni.
2. a mark on sheep, a small square piece cut out of the side of the ear.
COMPDS: löggbrotinn, löggstokkinn.
(að), v. to wag the tail (rare).
að, [prob. from lögg; Dan. logre = to wag the tail, of a dog]:—to crouch abjectly, like a dog; hvat er þat it litla er ek löggra sék, ok snapvíst snapir, Ls. 44, a α-dasia-oxia;π. λεγ.
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part. with the ledge broken off.
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part. = löggbrotinn, Stj. 367.
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n. the jurisdiction of a lagman, Fms. v. 266.
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m. an oath of homage to the king, Gþl. 66.
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adj. without a lagman, Ann. 1390.
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m. a logman’s decree, Jb. 170.
f. book of the law.
f. the book of the law, Stj.
n. pl. law tables.
n. pl. the tables of the law, Th. 10.
m. legal point, ground of action.
m. a law point, Germ. rechtspunkt, Grág. i. 402; hvat viltú þá göra fyrir lögmáls-staðinn? Ísl. ii. 149.
(gen. lagnar), f. a net laid in the sea, opp. to dragnet.
f., pl. lagnir, [leggja], a net laid in the sea, opp. to a drag-net, Gþl. 421; lagnar skip, a boat used in laying down nets, Eg. 4, Ó. H., D. N. ii. 89: in plur., lagnir, the place where the nets are laid; sela-lagnir, nets for catching seals.
II. a neut. pl., hans menn róa á sjó at fá græna fiska með lögn, ok nú urðu lögnin svá þung, at …, Þiðr. 71.
(gen. lagar, dat. legi), m.
1) sea, koma um lög, to come by sea; lopt ok lög, air and sea; lands eða lagar, á landi eða legi, on land or sea;
2) water, any liquid.
m., gen. lagar; dat. legi. pl. legir, Lil. 31; acc. lögu, Fb. i. 525 (in a verse); [A. S. lagu; cp. Engl. lake; O. H. G. lagu; Lat. locus]:—the sea; koma um lög, to come by sea, Vsp. 51: in the allit. phrase, lopt ok lög, air and sea, Sks. 47, Skm. 6; lands eða lagar, on land or sea; or á landi eða legi, Grág. ii. 171, Al. 107; hvergi kom ek þar lands né lagar, at …, Bs. i. 721, ii. 5, 122; lagar hjarta, ‘sea-heart,’ poët. for a stone, Ýt.; lagar stóð, the sea steeds = ships, Lex. Poët.; stíga land af legi, Hkv. Hjörv. 26.
2. a local name of large lakes, e. g. Lögr = the Melar in Sweden, Ó. H.; or of a great estuary, við á þá er Tanais heitir ok þann lög er þar fellr ór, Stj.
II. water, any liquid; tak lög af grasi, Pr. 471; síðan tók hann sér lög nökkurn, kastaði þar í öskunni, ok görði af graut, Fms. ii. 163; lýsi, hunang ok allskyns lögr annarr, K. Á. 206; í vatni vörmu eða köldu, en öngum legi öðrum eða vökva, H. E. i. 480; af þeim legi er lekit hafði ór hausi, Sdm. 13; verpa lauki í lög, 8; spræna rauðum legi, Ó. H. (in a verse); sár-lögr, benja-lögr = blood; …
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f. the order, constitution of the l., as to the number of its members, Jb. 9, Nj. 150.
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n. the treasury of the l., from which the lögsögu-maðr was paid, Grág. i. 3.
m. member of the lögrétta.
n. [lagraetman, Jamieson], a member of the lögrétta, in Icel. sense, Grág. i. 8; in Norse sense, Jb. 1.
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u, f. a seat in the l., Grág. i. 4.
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m. the section of law of the l., Grág. i. 4.
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n. the seat of the law-speaker in the lögrétta, Grág. i. 37, (the opening of the courts fixed at the hour when the sun shone on the seat of the l.)
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m. the section of law about the lagman (see lögmaðr), Grág. i. 1–4.
m. lawspeaker.
m. the ‘law-speaking man,’ the lagman or law-speaker of the Icel. Commonwealth, see the remarks s. v. lögmaðr; for the office, duties, etc. see Grág., esp. the Lögsögumanns-þáttr or section of the l., the Íb., Kristni S. ch. 11, Nj., etc.; for a list of the Icel. lögsögumenn from 930–1280 A. D. and lögmenn from 1280–1800, when the office and name were abolished, see Safn ii. 1 sqq. The lögsögumaðr was during the first hundred years (930–1030) elected for life, afterwards for a shorter time (three years); his tenure of office formed the groundwork for the chronology of Ari the historian in his work the Icelander Book.
m.
1) messmate;
2) mate, colleague, companion.
m., prop. a messmate, Orkn. 442, Fms. vi. 6, Sks. 370, Stj. 436:—a mate, colleague, companion, Fms. vii. 268, Gþl. 20, 518.
n. messmateship.
n. messmateship, Sks. 293.
m. lawful heir.
a, m. a lawful heir, Fms. ix. 333, Js. 28.
m. legal interest.
m. legal interest; tíunda fé sitt ok allan lögávöxt fjár síns, Bs. i. 68.
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m. a ‘law-ring,’ cp. baugr (II), the payment of weregild, Grág. ii. 171.
f. legal demand.
f. a legal demand, legal call, in pleading, Nj., Grág.
n. the law-rock (the place at the Alþingi where the laws were recited).
or Lög-berg, n. the Law-hill, rock of law, where the Icel. legislature was held, see Grág., Nj. passim, and Mr. Dasent’s Introduction to Burnt Njál, which contains a description and drawing of the place. Lögbergis-ganga, u, f. the procession (of the goðar) to the Law-rock, Grág. i. 26. Eg. 703, Fms. ii. 172.
(see binda), v. to bind, stipulate by law.
batt, to bind, stipulate by law, Fagrsk. 57.
(see bjóða), v. to order, prescribe by law.
bauð, to order, prescribe by law, Jb. 170: lög-boðit, law-bidden, ordered.
n. lawful call, demand.
n. a legal bid, at a sale, Grág. i. 198: a lawful call = lögbeiðing, Nj. 238:—a law, ordinance, mod. = laga-boð.
f. lawbook, code of laws.
f. a ‘law-book,’ code of laws, Fms. vii. 305, viii. 277, K. Þ. K. 24, N. G. L. i. 378, Ísl. Ann. 1271, 1272, 1280, D. N. passim: but as the Icel. Commonwealth has no fixed code, so the word never applies to Icel. previous to the union with Norway.
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f. an amendment of law, K. Þ. K. 24.
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m. a law breaker, Eg. (in a verse).
n. breach of law.
n. a breach of law, Eg. 352. lögbrots-maðr, m. a law breaker, Mar.
n. lawful household.
n. a lawful household, Grág. ii. 39.
f. law quarrel, litigation.
u, f. a law quarrel, a cause before a court, Bs. i. 75.
m.
1) lawful court;
2) legal sentence.
m. a lawful court, Grág. i. 17:—a legal sentence, Bs. i. 141.
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n. [lögr], a ‘sea-deer,’ poët. a ship, Lex. Poët.
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ð, to adjudge by law, D. N.
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n. a ‘law-doom,’ jurisdiction.
f. just (lawful) provocation.
f. full provocation, as defined by law, Nj. 154.
m. lawful oath.
m. a lawful oath, an oath as ordered by law, Grág., Nj. passim:—a nickname, Lög-Eiðr, Bárð.
m. legal term.
a, m. a legal term, Grág. i. 132, 399, K. Þ. K. 174.
(pl. -aurar), m.
1) legal money, legal payment;
2) = eyrir, six ells of vaðmál; eighth part of a mark.
m., pl. lögaurar, legal money, lawful tender, legal payment, Grág. i. 88, 193, 391, 392, 466, ii. 245, K. Þ. K. 172.
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m. a legal fathom, one prescribed by law, Grág. ii. 91.
m. a legal time for moving one’s household.
m. a legal time for moving one’s household, Grág. ii. 42.
f. law-fast.
u, f. the law-fast, ordered by law, Grág. i. 293, K. Þ. K. 102; lögföstu tíð, Post. 645. 77.
a. domiciled.
adj. ‘law-fast,’ domiciled, Grág. i. 243, 245, 381, ii. 39.
(see fá), v. to receive legally.
fékk, to take, receive, legally, Fms. viii. 295.
m. ‘sea-horse’, ship (poet.).
m. [lögr], the ‘sea-steed,’ sea-horse, Hým.
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1. t, = festa lög fyrir e-t, see festa (II. 2), N. G. L. i. 244, Gþl. 334, Jb. 250, 331.
2. u, f. a lawful title, right in matters of possession, a Norse law term answering to lyritr (II) in the Icel. law, N. G. L. i. 244, Gþl. 362, 451.
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f. = lögfesta, Dipl. i. 7.
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f. a lawful mooring, of a whale, Sturl. ii. 28:—plur. a lawful betrothal.
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n. a ‘law-fee,’ of a fine, N. G. L. ii. 306.
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n. a lawful partnership, of marriage, N. G. L. ii. 305.
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n. a fostering, as defined in law, the fostering a child from its 8th to its 16th year, Grág. ii. 45; see fóstr.
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a, m. one who has given lögfóstr to another, Grág. ii. 45.
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f. a lawful query, in pleading, Grág. i. 36.
a. learned in law.
adj. learned in law, Bs. i. 733.
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f. law, jurisprudence, Bárð. 173.
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m. a lawyer, a man skilled in law.
a. lawful, legal.
adj. lawful, legal, Ld. 210, Ísl. ii. 379, Fs. 159, N. G. L. ii. 306, passim.
m. lawful meeting, public meeting.
m. a lawful meeting, public meeting, Ld. 62, Fs. 60.
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f. legal espousals, Grág. i. 316.
m. lawful fence.
m. a lawful fence, as prescribed in law as to height and thickness. Grág. ii. 262, 266, 267.
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t, to give lawful currency to.
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n. validity.
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adj. of full value, current.
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part. lawfully given away, of a lady, D. N.
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and lög-gjafari, a, m. a lawgiver.
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f. a legal gift, Gþl. 271; lawgiving, legislation, (mod.)
n. pl. lawful abode.
n. a lawful domicile, Grág. i. 19, 149.
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adj. holy, sacred, of days according to the canonical law, Grág., K. Þ. K. passim (alla löghelga daga).
n. lawful domicile.
n. = löggrið, Grág. i. 150, Nj. 33.
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n. a gate as prescribed by law, Grág. ii. 264.
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m. a Rape (hreppr) as defined by law, Grág. i. 443, Jb. 178.
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f., or lög-hverfa, u, f. a lawful fence, D. N. v. 186.
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n. a lawful bargain, Grág. i. 148, K. Þ. K. 70.
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part. a ‘law-surveyor’ to declare if a thing belongs to a person or not, Grág. i. 424.
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part. lawfully entitled to, Jb. 244.
m. pl. law quibbles.
m. pl. law quibbles, Fms. vii. 142, Sks. 439.
f. legal summons.
f. a legal summons, Grág. i. 35, Nj. 218.
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f. skill in the law, Nj. 236.
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adj. versed, skilled in the law, Nj. 222, Fms. vii. 133.
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u, f. = lögkæni, Fms. vii. 142.
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adj. of lawful length, Jb. 407.
a. unlawful.
adj. lawless, Sks. 77 new Ed.
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f. a lawful Leet (meeting), K. Þ. K. 68.
(see leiða), v.
1) to bring (a freedman) to the privileges of the law, = leiða e-n í lög;
2) to introduce as law, = leiða e-t í lög.
d, = leiða í lög, to bring (a freedman) to the privileges of law, (cp. to naturalise), Grág. i. 290.
II. to introduce as law, (leiða e-t í lög), Bs. i. 720, freq. in mod. usage.
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u, f. lawful rent, Grág. i. 196, 217.
f. lawlessness, lawless state.
u, f. lawlessness, a lawless state, Gþl. 361, Bs. i. 71, Hkr. ii. 134, Magn. 472, Fms. xi. 294, Sks. 339.
adv. lawfully.
adv. lawfully, Nj. 188, K. Á. 54, Bs. ii. 96.
a. lawful, legal.
adj. lawful, legal, Nj. 1, Eg. 725, Fms. vii. 142, x. 307, K. Á. 58, passim; ú-löglegr, unlawful.
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m. a lawful lyrit (q. v.), Grág. i. 109.
f. legal declaration (in pleading).
f. a legal declaration, in pleading, Grág. i, 18, Nj. 15.
m.
1) lawyer (Njáll var maðr svá mikill, at engi fannst hans jafningi);
2) later, = lögsögumaðr (as in Norway and Sweden).
m. [old Swed. lagman; the president of the supreme court formerly held in Orkney was called the lagman]:—‘law-man.’ In the ancient Scandinavian kingdoms each legal community or state (lög) had its own laws, its own parliament (lögþing), and its own ‘law-man’ (lagh-mann, lögmaðr); the lagman was the first commoner and the spokesman of the people against the king and court at public assemblies or elsewhere; he was also the guardian of the law, and the president of the legislative body and of the law courts. As in the heathen time laws were not written, the lagman had to say what was the law of the land in any case of doubt; in the general assemblies, at least in Iceland, he had to ‘say’ the law (from memory) to the assembled people from the Law-hill (Lögbergi); hence in the Icelandic Commonwealth he was called lög-sögu-maðr (q. v.), the ‘law-speaker,’ ‘law-sayer,’ ‘speaker of the law,’ and his office lög-saga or lög-sögn = ‘law-speaking:’
1. Sweden and Gothland in olden times were the classical lands of lagmen, for the whole kingdom was a confederation of commonwealths, each with its parliament, law-speaker, and laws, who were all of them united under one king; …
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n. a lawful mark on sheep, Grág. i. 416, ii. 308, 309.
n.
1) prescription, rule of the law;
2) law;
3) mutual agreement.
n. prescription, rule of the law; skulum vér þat lögmál hafa um útgörðir várar er fyrr hefir verit, N. G. L. i. 104; með þessu lögmáli skulu börn hans til arfs koma, 152; greiða lögmál, to solve a law point, Grág. i. 7; hafði þat lögmál á verit, at …, it was the old law, that …, 309: = lögskil, mæla lögmálum sínum, Eg. 734.
2. ordinance, statute, Th. 82, esp. in an eccl. sense; hlýðinn Guði ok hans lögmáli, Bs. i. 263; Guð hafði þat birt í inu forna lögmáli, Stj. 42, Skálda 209, 210 (of the old and new covenant), Barl. passim: in mod. usage esp. of the Mosaic law, Lögmálið, N. T., Vídal., Pass.
COMPDS: lögmálsbók, lögmálsspjöld, lögmálsstaðr, logmálsörk.
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a, m. a law stipulation, Grág. ii. 234, 246, Jb. 201.
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n. legal taxation, N. G. L. i. 90.
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a, m. a legal taxer, surveyor, Grág. i. 88, 397.
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n. a ‘law-meeting,’ public meeting, Fs. 43.
pp. prescribed in the law (öll lögmælt skil).
part. defined in the law, prescribed in the law; in the old oath, öll lögmælt skil, all pleadings or proceedings as prescribed in the law, Nj. 232; see lögmætr below, which seems to be the older form.
a.
1) = lögmæltr (öll lögmæt skil);
2) coming under the law, punishable (lögmætar sakir).
adj. legitimate, as prescribed in the law, öll lögmæt skil af hendi leysa, Grág. (Kb.) i. 46; ok veita honum í því lögmæta björg, 78; lögmæt sök, a lawful case, Fms. iii. 144.
2. in mod. usage = lawful; ó-lögmætr, unlawful, not valid.
m. law-quibble.
m. a quibble in law, Fms. vii. 120.
m. legal steelyard.
a, m. a legal steel-yard, Grág. i. 499.
m. legal guardian, warden.
part. a legal guardian, warden, Grág. i. 162 [cp. Germ. vormund, as also vollmündig], K. Þ. K. 158; at hann mundi réttr lögráðandi fyrir dóttur sinni, Lv. 32; hann lét móður sína lögráðandi, Ld. 62.
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n. loss of right, injustice, lawless dealing, N. G. L. i. 88, Eb. 26 new Ed. (in a verse).
f. legal challenge.
f. a legal challenge, Grág. i. 17, 31.
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d, to quash a suit; l. mál, Þiðr. 74, (lögrinnt, qs. lögrengt.)
f. public fold.
f. a public fold for gathering and dividing sheep when driven in from the pastures, Grág. i. 417, Jb. 292.
f.
1) the legislature in the Icelandic Commonwealth; also the place where the legislative sittings were held; ganga til lögréttu, to proceed to the ~;
2) in Norway, and also in Iceland after the union with Norway, public court of law.
u, f.
I. ‘law-mending,’ an ordinance; þat væri góð lögrétta er konungrinn gaf um konunglega refsing, Sks. 670.
II. as a law term, the name of the legislature of the Icel. Commonwealth, either from rétta lög, to make the law right, or perh. better from rétt, a fence, qs. a law-fence, law-yard, law-court, from being held within the sacred circle, called vé-bönd; for the word is used of the place as well as of the body sitting there, e. g. ganga til lögréttu, to proceed to the l., Nj. 150.
2. in the Norse law, as also in Iceland after the union with Norway, lögrétta was the public court of law held during the general assembly (þing), and presided over by the lagman; the members (lögréttu menn) were delegated from all the counties represented in the assembly, see N. G. L. ii. 10 sqq., as also Jb. Þingfara-balk, ch. 2.
3. in the Icel. Commonwealth the lögrétta was the legislative held during the althing on the lögbergi (q. v.), and consisted of the forty-eight Goðar (see goði); it was presided over by the lögsögu-maðr (see lögmaðr), and controlled all laws and licences (ráða lögum ok lofum), and was the supreme power in the land; …
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m. ‘law-right,’ compensation legally due to one.
m. a ‘law-right,’ lawful due; biskup býðr at gjalda fyrir málit sex hundruð, ok kailar biskup meir en tvá lögréttu, Bs. i. 492.
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f. = lagaripting, Dipl. ii. 12.
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rauf, to dissolve by law, Jb. 122 A.
f. legal challenge (of neighbours or judges).
f. a legal challenge, of neighbours or judges, Nj. 235.
(-da, -dr), v. to deprive of law, = ræna e-n lögum.
t, to deprive of law, to treat unfairly and in a lawless manner, Gþl. 542, Bs. i. 737.
m. a person who has been cheated of his lawful right.
m. a person who has been wronged or cheated of his lawful right, Eg. 526, Fms, vii. 65.
f.
1) ‘law-speaking’, pronouncing the law;
2) the office of the lögsögumaðr (taka lögsögu, hafa lögsögu);
3) declaration of the lögsögumaðr or lögmaðr (þá bað konungr þóri lögmann birta sína lögsögu).
u, f.
I. ‘law-saying,’ ‘law-speaking,’ pronouncing the law, Fms. ix. 332; þá bað hann Þóri lögmann birta sína lögsögu, 335.
II. the office of the lögsögu-maðr in Icel., and lögmaðr (lagman) in Sweden and Norway (from segja lög, to speak the law): the phrases, taka lögsögu, hafa lögsögu, þar næst tók Hramn lögsögu næstr Hængi, ok hafði tuttugu sumur, Jb. 6, passim; for Norway, see Fms. ix. 330, 332; for Icel., see Íb., Kristni S., Grág., Nj. passim; as for the public reading of the law from the Law-hill (upp-saga) see Grág. i. 2, 3: (op. the legal usage of the Isle of Man.)
COMPDS: lögsögumaðr, lögsögumannsrúm, lögsögumannsþáttr.
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part. pronounced, declared as law, Gpl. 27.
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a, m. = lögréttumaðr.
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part.; lögsamðr dómr, a sentence lawfully pronounced, lawful sentence, N. G. L. i. 19, Gþl. 27.
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u, f. a lawful meeting, Grág. i. 296.
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adj. = lögligr, H. E. i. 456, Eg. 725, Hom. 33.
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adj. lawful, Stj. 311.
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part. ‘law-sayer,’ a person who lawfully pleads or takes part in public affairs, any free citizen of full age, Grág. ii. 31.
a. guilty by law (hvárigir urðu lögsekir).
adj. convicted, declared guilty, Grág. ii. 63, Sturl. i. 101.
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or lög-sekð, f. ‘law-guilt,’ penalty, one of the three degrees of outlawry, Grág. i. 119.
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n. standard silver, Grág. i. 392, cp. 500.
(pl. -sjándr), m.
1) surveyor;
2) eye-witness, lawful witness.
part. a ‘law-seer,’ surveyor; hafit ér nökkut lögsjándr til kvadda! Eb. 56, Grág. i. 392, 393, 504, ii. 31.
n. pl. pleadings or proceedings as prescribed in the law = lögmælt skil (Mörðr mælti ~ at vanda sínum).
n. pl. ‘law-business,’ such as pleading, or any public duties in the courts or in the lögrétta; Mörðr gigja mælti lögskil at vanda sínum, Nj. 3; hverr sá maðr er þar þurfti lögskil af hendi at leysa at dómi, skyldi áðr eið vinna …, Landn. 258; allir þeir menn er lögskil nokkur skulu mæla at dómum á alþingi, hvárt er þeir skulu sakir sækja eðr verja, eðr bera vætti eðr kviðu, ok skulu þeir vinna eiða, áðr þeir mæli þeim málum, svá at dómendr heyri, Grág. i. 56.
II. a lawful procedure; ef maðr skýtr niðr úmaga með engi lögskil (unlawfully), Grág. i. 297.
m. legal divorce.
m. a legal divorce, Grág. i. 367.
f. ordinance.
f. an ordinance, Grett. 97.
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n. a lawful sharing, Grág. i. 425.
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f. a law scroll, Sks. 22.
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f. a legal debt. lögskuldar-maðr, m., and -kona, u, f. a male (female) legal debtor, Grág. i. 221, 233, 339, ii. 69, 70.
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u, f. a legal obligation, Grág. i. 73: = lögskuld, Vápn. 10.
a.
1) bound by law;
2) prescribed by law.
adj. legally obliged, bound by law, Grág. i. 280:—prescribed by law, K. Þ. K. 102, 124.
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adj. ‘law-bound,’ ordered by the law, K. Á. 9.
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f. an action at law, Gþl. 217.
a. learned in the law.
adj. law-wise, learned in law, Bs. i. 640.
f. jurisprudence.
f. ‘law-wisdom,’ jurisprudence, Ísl. ii. 205.
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m. a ‘law-sage,’ a great lawyer, 655 iv. 2.
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f. a lawful question, in pleading, Grág. i. 19.
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m. a stack-yard as prescribed by law, Grág. ii. 286.
f. lawful summons.
u, f. a lawful summons, Grág. i. 39, 374, Nj. 240.
f.
1) the jurisdiction of a lögmaðr;
2) office of a lögmaðr;
3) declaration made by a lögmaðr.
f. the jurisdiction of a lagman (see lögmaðr); þessi friðr skal standa um alla þessa lögsögn, Gþl. 450.
II. the office = lögsaga; hafa lögsögn, Fms. ix. 332, Landn. 321.
2. a declaration of a lagman; þér hafit optarr eggjat Skúla at kalla til Noregs en lögsögn Ámunda, 333, K. Á. 216.
(see taka), v.
1) to receive by law;
2) to accept as law (þá er kristni var lögtekin).
tók, to receive by law; messu-daga lögtekna, K. Þ. K. 124; alla lögtekna daga, Vm. 132; þú ert miklu ærri maðr at aldri en sva, at vér hafim hér lögtekna í Jómsborg, at vera í sveit með oss, Fms. xi. 93.
2. to accept as law; þá er Kristni var lögtekin, Fs. 77; lögtekin Jónsbók á Íslandi, á alþingi, Ísl. Ann. 1281, Bs. i. 720, passim.
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u, f. a recital of the law (by the bishop); koma til þings ok telja þar lögtalu fyrir mönnum, N. G. L. i. 378, v. l.
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f. the introduction of a law, Magn. 512.
f. lawful tithe.
f. pl. = the eccl. horae canonicae, Grág. i. 142.
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f. a lawful tithe, Grág. i. 379, K. Þ. K. 140.
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n. a lawful bail, Grág. ii. 234, 235.
m. poet., boiler, kettle.
m. [lögr], a boiler, Hým. 6.
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varði, to protect by law, D. N.
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f. protection by law, D. N.
f. fraudulent procedure.
u, f. a fraudulent procedure, Grág. i. 21, Nj. 235, 237.
a. mistaken in point of law.
adj. mistaken in point of law, Grág. i. 316.
a. = lögspakr.
adj. = lögspakr, Nj. 222, Bárð. 171.
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m. = lögspekingr.
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u, f. = lögspeki, Skálda 207 (in a verse).
f. lawful point of defence.
f. a lawful point of defence, in pleading; ok finna þeir eigi lögvarnir í málinu, ok horfði til þess at Þorkell mundi verða sekr, Glúm. 347, Nj. 111, Grág. i. 41, 423.
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m. legal interest, = lögavöxtr, Grág. i. 198.
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m. a section of the law, Grág. i. 2, Bs. i. 707.
n.
1) in Norway, general assembly, parliament;
2) public meeting (Gunnar reið til allra mannfunda ok ~a).
and lög-þingi, a, m., also spelt lögðing, Ó. H. 64; [Swed. lagthing; Orkneys lawting, Jamieson]:—a Norse, Swed., and Dan. law term, a general assembly or parliament, a general assembly of the community ‘lög,’ thus answering to alþingi, which word is peculiar to Icel., whereas lögþing is not used in the Grágás or the Sagas of the Icel. Commonwealth, except in a derived sense; en er Kristni var í Svíþjóð, þá hélzk þar þó lögðing ok markaðr, Ó. H. 64; í hverri þessi deild landsins er sitt lögþing, ok sín lög, 65; á hana at sækja á lögþingi því er hér er í þessu fylki, en þat er Þrándarness-þing, Fms. vii. 133; þvíat ek hygg þat lög vera, … at mál yrði eytt á þremr lögþingum, at þaðan af skyldi aldrei verða uppreist þess máls, 142; þat skal til vegar ganga á lögþingi einhverju, Frosto-þingi, Gula-þingi, eðr Heiðsævis-þingi, 136, (opp. to the lesser fylkis-þing); var hann þá til konungs tekinn á hverju lögþingi, Fb. ii. 309; vér skolum lögþingi várt eiga á tólf mánaðum hverjum, Bótólfs messu aptan, í Gulöy á þingstað réttum, Gþl. 5.
II. in Norway and Sweden, in the later Middle Age, it came to mean a law court of a district, a kind of county assizes, presided over by the lagman, see D. …
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(pl. lamar), f. hinges (of a chest).
f., pl. lamar, mod. lamir, [lama], the hinges, esp. of a chest, but hjarir (q. v.) of a door; lamar á bak en hespur fyrir, of a shrine, Fms. v. 120, freq. in mod. usage.
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m. [lamb], a nickname, Sturl. iii. 187.
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f., pl. lanar, mod. lanir, a small oblong hayrick, freq. in mod. usage: poët., hræs lanar, heaps of corpses, Höfuðl.
2. [cp. Engl. lane], a row of houses, D. N. ii. 498, iii. 862.
adv. long ago, long since.
and löngum, adv., see langr.
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long-talker, long-winded talker, used as a vocative, in king Harald’s parting words to the poet Arnór—kom sja til nakkvars, löngumorðinn, he came for something, that long-talker! Mork. 32; in Fms. vii. 198 the passage is corrupted into kom svá næst til Noregs, by the transcriber who did not understand the king’s banter.
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f., gen. lappar, pl. lappar and lappir, a paw, of dogs and cats.
(acc. -van), a. weak, good-for-nothing (l. mun hann æ heitinn).
adj., acc. löskvan, [cp. Engl. lazy; in early Swed. loska-mader = a bachelor, loska-kona = a spinster, loska-læghe = stuprum; cp. Swed. losk, Dan. luske, and Icel. lið-leskja]:—weak, idle; löskvan láð-mann, Fas. ii. (in a verse); löskr mun hann æ heitinn, Am. 57; löskvan þátt, the weak side (in a moral sense), Harms. 13.
(gen. lastar, dat. lesti; pl. lestir, acc. löstu), m.
1) fault, flaw; segja kost ok löst á e-u, to tell fairly the good and bad of a thing;
2) misbehaviour;
3) vice (l. ofdrykkjunnar).
m., gen. lastar, Ó. H, 176, line 3; mod. lösts; dat. lesti, pl. lestir; acc. löstu:—a fault, flaw; en ef lestir eru á, Gþl. 499; sá löstr er vér köllum nykrat eðr finngálknat, Skálda 187; brag-löstr, a metrical fault, Sighvat: allit., kost ok löst, Nj. 23, see kostr; löstu ok kostu, Hm. 134; skap-löstr, fault of temper, Ó. H. 176:—a blunder, af lesti pentarans, Mar.
II. metaph. in a moral sense, misbehaviour; hann skal bæta kirkjunni löstinn (his misdemeanour) tólf aurum, K. Þ. K. 26; ekki nema lestir þeir sé at þeim at þau verði at verri, Grág. i. 275.
2. a vice; löstr ofdrykkjunnar, Fms. viii. 251; ek skal finna löstinn, Ó. H. 175, freq. in mod. usage, N. T., Vídal., Pass.
COMPDS: lastafullr, lastalauss.
(pl. latar), f. dissuasion; telja latar á um e-t, to raise difficulties about a thing.
f., pl. latar, [latr], dissuasion; telja latar á e-u, to tell the drawbacks, dissuade, Sturl. ii. 55; konungr fór mjök undan ok taldi allar latar á um ferð þessa, Fas. iii. 143.
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að, = latra, [Engl. loiter]:—to loiter, lag behind carelessly.