Bókastaðir

An Old Norse Library

Prepositions and Conjunctions

Prepositions

í in, into
dativerest, location within

Áttir þú þat á þingi at gera en eigi í heraði

You had the right to do that at the assembly, not in the district.

accusativemotion into

Ok er hann kemr í búðarsundit þá gengr maðr í mót honum

And when he comes into the lane between the booths, then a man walks toward him.

til to, towards; for
genitive

Hon talar til Óspaks ok biðr hann sjá um ráð sitt

She speaks to Óspak and asks him to look after her affairs.

á on, upon, at, in
accusativemotion onto or towards

Váli lét líf sitt ok var flutt lík hans á Mel

Váli lost his life, and his body was carried to Melr.

dativerest on or at

Hvergi þykkir nú minni rausn né risna á búinu en áðr

There is now no less generosity or hospitality at the farm than there was before.

at at, to, towards; according to, in respect of
dative

Oddr snýr nú at Óspaki ok biðr hann taka við búi

Oddr now turns to Óspakr and asks him to take over the household.

með with, along with; by means of
dativeaccompaniment or association among parties

Gellir tekr við fénu Ok er þetta ráðit nú með þeim

Gellir takes the money, and this is now settled between them.

accusativebringing something along, conveyed

Þat sama haust fóru Hildiríðar synir með skatt ok fœrðu konungi

That same autumn Hildiríðr's sons went with the tribute and brought it to the king.

um about, concerning; around, over; during
accusative

Er nú víða leitat um fjǫll ok heiðar ok finnask eigi

Now a wide search has been made over mountains and heaths, but they are not to be found.

við with, against; towards, at, by
accusativeinteraction or dealing with

Oddi hugnar vel við Óspak lét hann mjǫk ráða fyrir búinu

Oddi gets along well with Óspak, and let him have a great deal of say in managing the farm.

dativeaccompaniment, alongside one's own

Þat vil ek at vit sém báðir saman við okkrum mǫnnum

This is what I want: that we two stay together with our men.

af off, from, out of; by, because of
dative

Þetta skaltu þiggja af mér ef þú gengr eigi í móti málinu

You shall accept this from me, if you do not oppose the case.

fyrir before, in front of; for, because of
accusativemotion up before; price in exchange

Þú skalt fá hana fyrir halft hundrað silfrs sakir okkarrar vináttu

You shall get her for half a hundred of silver, for the sake of our friendship.

dativerest before; against one's interest

Helgi Ásbjarnarson hafði ekki lið til at ónýta mál fyrir þeim

Helgi Ásbjarnarson had no force to quash the case against them.

eftir after; along; according to
accusativeafter in time

Konungr hafði veitt honum vingjafir eftir orrustu ok heitit vináttu sinni

The king had given him friendly gifts after the battle and promised him his friendship.

dativealong a path

Sigldu þeir inn eftir Borgarfirði til þess er þraut sker ǫll

They sailed in along Borgarfjörður, until all the skerries had run out.

ór out of, from
dative

Þórolfr Kveld-Ulfsson ok Eyvindr lambi kómu um haustit heim ór víkingu

Þórolfr Kveld-Ulfsson and Eyvindr Lambi came home from a viking raid that autumn.

frá from, away from; about, concerning
dative

Frá því er sagt at þeir Styrmir ok Þórarinn talask við

It is told that Styrmir and Þórarinn talk with each other.

yfir over, above, across
accusativemotion across, encroaching upon

Gerðusk menn ok ekki til þess at sitja yfir hlut hans

And no men undertook to override his rights.

dativestatic position over, stance toward

Óspakr lét vel yfir honum ok kvað hann vera rausnarmann mikinn

Óspakr spoke well of him and said that he was a truly magnificent man.

undir under, beneath
accusativemotion in under something

Ófeigr finnr þat kippir upp sem skjótast undir kápuna ok mælir

Ófeigr notices this, snatches it up as quickly as possible under his cloak, and says:

dativerest beneath something

Þykkir þú hafa brǫgð undir brúnum svá sem þú ert ættborinn til

You seem to have a cunning look about you, just as befits your noble birth.

hjá beside, near, with
dative

Eyjólfr saurr frændi hans drap þrælana hjá Skeiðsbrekkum upp frá Vatnshorni

Eyjólfr saurr, his kinsman, killed the thralls near Skeiðsbrekkur, up from Vatnshorn.

í móti against, towards, to meet
dative

Kjartan spratt þegar af baki ok sneri í móti þeim Ósvífrs sonum

Kjartan immediately sprang off his horse and turned to face Ósvífr's sons.

milli between, among
genitive

Skilðusk þeir með kærleik ok mæltu til vináttu mikillar milli sín

They parted from each other with affection and pledged great friendship between themselves.

undan out from under, away from
dative

Lætr hann nú síga fésjóð einn digran niðr undan kápunni

He now lets a big, fat purse slip down from under his cloak.

í gegnum through
accusative

En síðan lagði Grímr sverðinu á Helga svá at stóð í gegnum hann

But then Grímr thrust the sword into Helgi, so that it went right through him.

í milli between, among
genitivephysical position between parties

Váru þeir þar komnir brœðr Jǫkuls ok gengu þegar í milli þeirra

Jǫkull's brothers had arrived there and at once stepped in between them.

Conjunctions

ok and

Hann kom út til Íslands síð landnámatíðar ok var í Skriðudal

He came out to Iceland late in the settlement period and lived in Skriðudalr.

en but, and; than
but, and

En Veðormr lézk mundu veita henni kost sem ǫðru fǫruneyti hans

But Veðormr said he would provide her keep just as he did for the rest of his company.

than, after a comparative

Hann lézk eigi hafa fararefni meiri en liggja megi á bulka

He said he had no more travel provisions than could be piled onto the ship's cargo.

at that

Brátt fannsk þat at Þórólfr var ǫrr maðr ok stórmenni mikit

It soon became apparent that Þórolfr was a generous man and a person of great distinction.

er when; that

Hafði Þórólfr þá þrjú skip er hann siglði austan um Foldina

Þórolfr then had three ships when he sailed from the east around the Fold.

sem as, like; that

Grettir kastaði sér á bak aptr ofan í vatnit ok sǫkk sem steinn

Grettir threw himself backward, down into the lake, and sank like a stone.

ef if

þykkir mér hann ekki ǫrr ef hann gefr mér eigi øxina

He doesn't seem generous to me, if he won't give me the axe.

eða or

Helgi Ásbjarnarson mælti Hvárt eru þetta þín ráð eða annarra manna

Helgi Ásbjarnarson said: Are these plans of yours, or someone else's?

þótt although, even if

þótt Helgi sé lítils verðr þá er hann þó í venzlum bundinn við oss

Although Helgi is of little worth, he is nevertheless bound to us by ties of kinship;

nema unless, except

kvazk ok eigi skyldu skóginn láta nema þeir bæri af honum

He also said he would not give up the wood unless they got the better of him at law.

meðan while, as long as

Eyvindr lambi helzk í vináttu við konung meðan þeir lifðu báðir

Eyvindr Lambi maintained his friendship with the king while they both lived.

áðr before, until

Heldusk þeir eigi lengi við áðr þeir váru yfirkomnir af mœði

They did not hold out long before exhaustion overcame them.

hvárt whether

Hann er sendr í Geirþjófsfjǫrð at vita hvárt Gísli væri þar

He is sent to Geirþjófsfjörður to find out whether Gísli was there.

enda and also, and yet

Flosi hœlðisk aldri um verkin enda fann engi hræzlu á honum

Flosi never boasted about the deeds, and yet no one detected any fear in him.

þegar as soon as, when

Um morgininn þegar lýsa tók var mǫnnum saman stefnt um eyna

In the morning, as soon as it began to grow light, men were summoned together throughout the island.

síðan after, since

Munu þeir nú hafa safnat liði miklu síðan vér settumsk

They will surely have gathered a great force by now, since we settled here.

unz until

En um sumarit eptir ferr hann í Geirþjófsfjǫrð ok er þar unz haustar

But the following summer Gísli goes to Geirþjófsfjǫrðr and stays there until autumn comes.

Multi-word conjunctions

því at because, for

also written þvíat

Grímr hafði tvau sverð því at Gauss kunni at deyfa eggjar

Grím had two swords, because Gauss knew how to blunt sword-edges with a spell.

þó at although, even if

also written þóat

En þóat Þóroddi þœtti þat illa þá þótti honum sér óhœgt vera bœtr á at ráða

But although Þóroddr thought that a bad thing, he still found it difficult to decide on a remedy.

svá at so that

vér hǫfum stolit fé bónda svá at hann veit ekki til

We have stolen the farmer's property, so that he knows nothing about it.

til þess at in order that, so that

Síðan berr Geirmundr fé undir Þorgerði til þess at hann næði ráðinu

Then Geirmundr offered money to Þorgerðr, so that he might get the marriage arranged.

fyrir því at because

Snorri mælti hér mun ek gefa ráð til fyrir því at ek fyrirman Þorgísli ekki þessar ferðar

Snorri said: Here I will give some counsel about it, because I do not grudge Þorgils this journey.

af því at because

Flosi svarar Ekki spyrr þú þessa af því at þú vitir þat eigi

Flosi answers: "You do not ask this because you don't know it already.”

þá er when

gerði hann svá við mik þá er ek var á Íslandi

He treated me thus, when I was in Iceland.

þegar er as soon as

Hann svarar Búinn em ek þegar er þú ert búinn

He answers, "I'll be ready as soon as you are."

síðan er after

Þar heitir Sverðskelda síðan er þeir Þórólfr hǫfðu fólgit konungsnaut

The place where Þórólfr and his men had hidden Konungsnautr has been called Sverðskelda ever since.

þar er where

Gengr hann síðan at þeim Gizuri þar er þeir sátu á vellinum

Then he went over to Gizurr and the others, where they were sitting on the plain.

þar sem where

tjǫlduðu þeir ok bjoggusk um þar sem þeira menn hǫfðu tjaldat

They pitched their tents and settled in, there where their men had already pitched theirs.

svá sem as, just as; as if

Þorgrímr gaf Nereiði frelsi svá sem jarl hafði orð til sent

Þorgrímur granted Nereiður her freedom, just as the earl had sent word to that effect.

eptir því sem according as, as far as

gengr Ingimundr at eiga Vigdísi eptir því sem stofnat var

Ingimundur goes to marry Vigdís, just as had been arranged.

fyrr en before; after a negative, until

En Gísli létti eigi fyrr en hann kom út at Haffjarðará

But Gísli did not stop until he came out to Haffjarðará.

áðr en before

Hafði þat orðit um haustit áðr en Grettir fór til Bárðardals

That had happened in the autumn before Grettir went to Bárðardalr.

heldr en rather than

Enn hvat muna ek þá heldr enn kalla hann hrúgu

"But what should I call it then, rather than call it a heap?"

ok er and when

ok er þeir váru skilðir þá váru látnir húskarlar Þorsteins báðir

And when they were parted, both of Thorstein's farmhands were found dead.

en er but when, and when

en er þeir siglðu norðr frá Líðandisnesi fóru þeir meirr útleið

But when they sailed north from Líðandisnes, they kept more to the outer sea route.

bæði … ok both … and

Þorsteinn var bæði mikill maðr ok sterkr ok rǫskr til vápns

Þorsteinn was both a big, strong man and skilled with weapons.

hvárki … né neither … nor

Snorri svarar Eigi mun hér þó hvárki koma fé né mannsektir

Snorri answers, 'Yet neither money nor outlawries will come of it here.'

hvárt … eða whether … or

Hon sagðisk eigi vita hvárt hana hefði yfir flutt maðr eða trǫll

She said she did not know whether it had been a man or a troll that carried her across.