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f. a gaining, acquiring; öðlun góðra hluta, 656 B. 7.
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dep. að, i. e. øðlask, spelt æðlask, Post. (Unger) 215; [öðli, óðal; Cumbrian to addle or eddle = to gain]:—to win, gain as property, prop. of inheritance (óðal); þá öðlaðisk ok þá eiga gat, Rm. 42; ef þú vill öðlask ástir mínar, Þkv. 29; alls vér megum ríki öðlask með þeirra trausti, Fms. vi. 18; þar fyrir muntu öðlask eilífa sælu, Fb. i. 117; þeir skulu eigi öðlask himinríki, Barl. 42; very freq. in mod. usage, esp. in eccl. use, N. T., Vídal.; (in Eb. 7 new Ed., hann vildi eigi öðlask við frændr sína, the reading ‘áhlýðask’ is to be preferred); hann mun öðlask ríki þat er hann er til borinn, Fms. i. 77; ef vér megum öðlask þat barn, ii. 176; at hann öðlisk at taka eilíft líf, Hom. 5; biskup várn, hann skal oss þjónostu veita, en vér skolum hana svá öðrlask (sic), at vér skolum göra tíund alla ok fulla, N. G. L. i. 6; ok öðlask með því hálfa mörk silfrs konungi til handa, ii. 111: hann öðlaðisk fegrð ok grænleik Paradisar, Orkn. 172; ok öðlisk með því þá sekt er við liggr at lögum ok ekki framarr, N. G. L. ii. 254; í hverri er þessi orð öðlask at heyra, Sks. 173 new Ed.
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n. = óðal (q. v.), a patrimony, whence origin, extraction; ef ek öðli (œþli Cod.) ættak sem Ingunnar-Freyr eði svá sælligt setr, Ls. 43; segja til nafns sins ok alls öðlis (æþlis Cod.), to tell one’s name and whereabouts, Hbl. 9: allit., ætt ok öðli, passim; Danskr at øðli, Danish by extraction, Hom.; cp. the forms orðla, orðlum, N. G. L.; for further references, see eðii (the later form); the old form remains in aldar-öðli, see óðal in the Addenda.
m. a noble captain, prince.
m. [from óðal, öðli; the etymology in Edda 105 is erroneous]:—prop. an allodial owner or possessor of ódal. but only used of a noble captain, prince; Valdimarr var þá sjautján vetra gamall, hann var œðlingr, … öðlingr ok hafði ríki á Jótlandi, Fms. xi. 350; hann var öðlingr af Serklandi, Orkn. 368; the word is very freq. in poetry.
2. in mod. usage öðlingr is a person of a kind and gentle disposition; hann er mesti öðlingr, hann er öðlingr í skapi, and the like.
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öðru-megin, on the other side; see annarr.
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-vísi, adv. otherwise; see vísa.
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f., see aða.
(að), v.
1) to reverse (allir stafir eru öfgaðir þess nafns [Eva] ok gört af Ave);
2) to distort, misrepresent (~ orð e-s).
að, to turn in inverse order; öfga vápni at manni. to turn the butt-end of a weapon to a man, N. G. L. i; allir stafir þessa nafns (i. e. ave from Eva = Eve) eru öfgaðir … ‘Eva’ öfgast ok ‘ave’ er sagt, Mar. (of an anagram).
2. reflex. to be froward, angry; öfgast búendr göfgir, Sighvat.
3. in mod. usage, öfga e-t, to exaggerate, report falsely.
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f. pl. an exaggeration, false report; það eru engar öfgar.
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or öfugr, adj., afigr, N. G. L. i. 376; in old writers contracted, öfgu, öfgir, etc., but in mod. usage uncontractcd throughout: [from af- and vegr; Ulf. ibuks = εἰς τα ὀπίσω; Swed. afvig; Dan. avet; Old Engl. awk (which survives in awk-ward), meaning left,—Fr. gauche]:—turning the wrong way, tail or back foremost; kálvar á beinum fram eða augu í huakka aptan, ok afgu líki öllu, N. G. L. i. 376; hljóp Gunnarr aptr yfir öfugr, Nj. 46: þat gékk öfugt um húsit ok annsælis, Eb. 268, Grett. 151; þat var bragð hans at hann gékk öfigr, Finnb. 246; öfigr féll hann aptr á bak, Skíða R.; hann stökkr út af vegginum öfugr, Fær. 112; skáru af fitjar ok bundu öfgar undir fætr sér, Ó. H. 152; Þórlaug drap við hendi öfgri, the back of the hand, Lv. 38; hjó hann öfgri hendi til Knúts konungs, Fms. xi. 367; þat er misvígi, ef maðr er viginn öfgum vápnum, with the butt-end of a weapon, N. G. L. i. 80: æfin hefir öfug verit, Fs. 8, v. l.; varð þat öfgu heilli, Róm. 181; mæla öfugt orð til e-s, Sturl. ii. 201; hvárigir lögðu öðrum öfugt orð, Grett. 113 new Ed.; öldr-mál öfug, Sdm.
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a, m. a kind of fish, = Dan. pigvar.
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n. = öfugyrði.
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n. an eddy, cross current, used of the tide or current running against the wind or another current, and making rough water.
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a, m. a (fabulous) trout with inverted fins; such fish are by the vulgar believed to be found in mountain lakes, and to be poisonous, see Ísl. Þjóðs.
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n. a froward word, evil word.
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að, [afl, öfligr], to get strong; þá öflgaðisk (waxed) ágirni til fjár, Edda (pref.); ö. í móti, ö. gegn e-m, Sýrir öflgask í móti mér, rise strong against me, Stj.; láta önga íllsku öflgask í gegn sínum rétt-trúuðum mönnum, Fms. ii. 238; engir sterkir borgar-veggir mega móti ö. tilkvámu Guðs postola, Karl. 131.
a. strong, powerful (mikill vexti ok ~); leggja öfiga hönd á e-n, to lay violent hands on one.
adj. (afligr, aflugr, Sks. 605, MS. 4. 72), compar. öflgari, öflgastr (mod. öflugri, öflugastr); uncontr. aflugum, aflugasti, MS. 4. 72, contr. öflgir, etc., but in mod. usage uncontr. throughout; [afl]:—strong, powerful; mikill vexti ok öflugr, Nj. 152; öflgir ok ástkir Æsir, Vsp.; öflgur, Gs. 11; þó var Þjazi þeim öflgari. 9; öflugr ok ríkr, vaskr ok ö., Str.; öflug kenning, Hom. 17; öflgan hita, Sks. 11 new Ed.; leggja öflga hönd á e-n, a violent hand, Bs. i. 905; með öfigum tíri, with mighty glory, Lex. Poët.
f. gain, = aflan.
f. a gain, acquisition; see aflan, p. 7.
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m. a good steward, Sturl. iii. 130.
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i. e. øfri, compar., and øfstr, superl., are older forms for efri, efstr; see p. 116, col. 2.
f. grudge, envy, ill-will, hatred (sakir ~ar við Nóregs konung);
e-m leikr (vex) ~ á e-u, one envies, feels envy at;
verk þat var með hinni mestu ~, that act was the object of the greatest indignation.
f., also spelt afund; [Dan. avind; Swed. afund; prob. from af- and unna, and thus prop. meaning a disowning, a grudge]:—a grudge, envy, ill-will, Sks. 609, Al. 153, Hom. 20, 52, 86; rægðr fyrir öfundar sakir, Ver. 52; sakir öfundar við Noregs konung, Fms. x. 9; gjalda e-m öfund, Ls. 12; öfundar-eyrir, öfundar-fé, money which is a cause of envy, in the proverb, afgjarnt verðr öfundar fé, Fas ii. 332; hann taldi þat sízt öfundar eyri, ok allir mundu honum þar bezt sæmdar unna, Fs. 12; e-m leikr, vex öfund á e-u, Fms. vi. 342, Fb. i. 91.
2. as a law term, malice, hatred; allt þat er manni verðr með öfund misþyrmt, Gþl. 187; öfundar blóð, blood shed in enmity. K. Á. 28; öfundar drep, -högg, a premeditated blow, with intention to harm, N. G. L. i. 68, Gþl. 209.
3. in compounded phrases; öfundar krókr, a malicious trick. Fas. ii. 355, Orkn. (in a verse); öfundar-bragð, id., Grett. 154 A: öfundar þáttr, Fms. xi. 442; öfundar skeyti, darts of envy, Stj, H. E. i. 470; öfundar verk, Sks. 448; öfundar-orð, words of envy, slander, Edda 11 (Gm. 32); öfundar-kennt, invidious, Magn. 438, Fms. …
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(að), v. to envy, bear a grudge against (~ e-n); ~ vinsæld e-s, to envy his popularity; ~ e-n við e-n, to disparage one.
að, to envy, bear malice; with acc, ö. e-n, e-t, Fb. i. 91. Fms. xi. 427, Barl. 50, Nj. 47, Ld. 94, and so in mod. usage: with dat. (a Latinism invidere a-i), Stj., Hom.: impers., mik öfundar e-t, Barl. 116.
a. envious.
m. full of envy, Hom. 113, Sks. 235.
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f. envy.
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adj. envious, spiteful, Ýt.
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part. envied, exposing one to ill-will, Fms. vi. 145.
a. unenvied.
adj. unenvied, Grág. i. 452: gjöfin var eigi öfundlaus, Ó. H. 173: the saving, aumr er öfundlauss maðr, wretched indeed must the person be whom nobody envies.
a.
1) envious;
2) causing envy, envied.
adj. envious.
2. of a thing, causing envy, envied; ríki hans var mjök öfundsamt, Eb. 42; hann hafði fyrst heldr öfundsamt setr, 334, Sturl. ii. 66; en þat varð mjök öfundsamt af þeim mönnum, er …, Fms. xi. 227; þetta verk varð honum mjök öfundsamt, 242.
a. envious, jealous.
adj. envious, jealous, Fms. iii. 153, vi. 96, Sks. 437, Rom. 382.
f. envy.
f. envy, Magn. 506, Barl. 42.
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u, f. thanks, gratitude; see aufusa, p. 32, col. 2.
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m. [cp. Lat. aquila], poët. a kind of hawk: öglis barn, Haustl.; öglis land, -stétt, the falcon’s land or seat, i. e. the hand, Eb. (in a verse); öglis landa eik, Ó. H. (in a verse).
I) (gen. agnar, pl. agnar, agnir), f. chaff, husks (blanda agnar ok sáðir við brauð).
II) from agn, bait.
f., gen. agnar, pl. agnar, agnir; [Ulf. ahana = ἄχυρον, Luke iii. 17; A. S. egle; O. H. G. agana; Germ. agen; Dan. avne; Gr. ἄχυρον]:—chaff, husks; safna hveitinu í korn-hlöðu, en agnirnar brenna í eilífum eldi, Luke iii. 17; skilja korn frá ögnum, Eluc. 37; blanda agnar ok sáðir við brauð, … gras ok agnar, … sekki með heyi eðr ögnum, Sks. 73, 74, 89, new Ed.
2. metaph. an atom, small particle; leyf að eg dragi út ögnina af auga þínu … að þú fáir út dregið ögnina af þíns bróðurs auga, Matth. vii. 4, 5; svo lítil ögn, a little grain; agnar-ögn, an atom.
II. a pr. name of a woman, Fas., Yngl. S. (mythic.)
n. inlet, small bay.
m., or better, augr, m., mod. Norse auger, a kind of fish, a carp, also called karfi, Edda (Gl.)
n. inlet, small bay.
n. an inlet, a small bay or creek, Edda (Gl.); ögrin fógru með vötn ok lón, Eggert.
2. a local name in western Icel., Ögr, í Ögri, Ögrs-vatn, Fbr.
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að, to tease; in the phrase, ögra e-m með e-u, to tease a person with a thing.
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f. [perh. from ögr, n.], a brief moment, such as is required for crossing a creek; cp. vika and the remarks on that word, a απ. λεγ., Vkv. (fine).
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in Hbl., read kögur (q. v.), and see Addenda.
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m. a pr. name. [Germ. Egmond, Egmont], Landn. Korm.
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m. a pr. name, whence Ögvalds-nes, a local name in Norway, Fms. xii.
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n., pl. ökklu, this (like hjarta, lunga, auga) is in good old vellums the constant form, whence mod. ökli, a, m.; [A. S. aucleow; Engl. ankle; Germ. enkel; Swed. ankel]:—the ankle; öklu hans ok iljar, Post. (Unger) 24; gögnum fótlegginn við ökklat, Fms. ix. 528 (thus also Fb. iii. 158, l. c.); óðu þeir í ökla (= öklu), Fb. iii. 304; á legginn við ökklat, D. N. iv. 90; fótrinn fyrir ofan ökkla, Nj. 219; jafnhátt ökla, Fb. i. 524; auklun vóru af eiri, leggirnir af silfri, Al. 116; ökla-eldr, Fb. i. 416. ökla-liðr, m. an ankle-joint, Gullþ. 75.
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m. a lump, heavy clod, also a tumour, protuberance, Fél.; cp. ökvask.
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(Ísl. ii. 417, Fas. iii. 41) and ökul-skúaðr (Fms. ix. 512); better, hökul-brækr, hökul-skúaðr, qq. v.
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m., one of the names of Thor, Edda 14, 28, but not found in the poems themselves; the öku- is not to be derived from aka, but is rather of Finnish origin, Ukko being the thunder-god of the Chudic tribes.
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að, to form a clod or lump; vegrinn blautr ok aukkast (thus the Cod.) leirinn við fætrna, the road was wet, and the loam stuck to the feet, Thom. 359.
2. here may be mentioned the mod. phrase, akka e-u saman, to carry or cart together, of heavy things like damp hay; að akka saman votu heyinu.
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adj. clodded, lumpy; ökkvinn hleifr, Rm. 4 (opp. to hleifa þunna, 28): hleifr þykkr ok ökvinn, þrunginn sáðum, Völsa-þ. ökvinn-kálfa, u, f. with the lumpy calves of the bondwoman, Rm.
m., see ‘aukvisi’.
a, m., see aukvisi, p. 34.
(dat. ölvi, gen. pl. ölva), n. ale.
n., dat. ölvi, gen. pl. ölva; [A. S. ealu; Engl. ale; Dan. öl]:—ale; öl is the general name, used even by the ancients of any intoxicating drink, cp. such phrases as ‘ale’-cups heavy with ‘wine,’ Am., and in ölvaðr; bjór (q. v.) is a Southern Teutonic word, whence the saying, öl heitir með mönnum en með Ásum bjórr, ‘tis called ale among men, beer among the gods, Alm.; of-drykkja öls, … öl alda sona, Hm. 11; öl var drukkit sumt var ólagat, 65; bergja ölvi, Ls. 9: sjálft barsk þar öl, Ls. (prose); því næst var öl inn borit, Eg. 551; er þetta öl var til handa borit, Bs. i. 197; bera öl um eld, Fagrsk. 150; the saying, öl er annarr maðr, Fms. ii. 33, xi. 112; ölit mælti með þeim, Fb. ii. 442: in plur., tveir vóru að hvölfa elfum ölva í iðra sá, Stef. Ól. At banquets women used to serve the cups, in Walhalla the Walkyrja, hence the poets have the compds, öl-gefn, öl-gefjon, öl-gerðr, öl-nanna, öl-saga, öl-selja, the goddess, fairy of the ale, i. e. a woman, Lex. Poët.
II. a drinking-bout, banquet; hann hafði búit Ásum öl, Ls. (prose); mælis-öl, Fms. i. 31; at ölvi ok at áti, Ísl. ii. 380 (ölðri, Grág. …
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f. the elbow-joint, Al. 40.
(gen. aldar, pl. aldir), f.
1) time, age (var ~ hans góð landsfólkinu); of allar aldir, through all ages; at alda øðli, to everlasting possession, for ever;
2) cycle, period; gamla ~, the old cycle;
3) poet., men, people; alda börn, children of men.
= öldr, a banquet; sálu-öld, erfða-öld, a funeral, arvel.
(gen. aldar, pl. aldir), f.
1) time, age (var ~ hans góð landsfólkinu); of allar aldir, through all ages; at alda øðli, to everlasting possession, for ever;
2) cycle, period; gamla ~, the old cycle;
3) poet., men, people; alda börn, children of men.
f., gen. aldar, dat. öldu, and later öld, pl. aldir, alda, öldum; [akin to aldr; A. S. eld or yld; Old Engl. eld (cp. the adj. old); Germ. alt; Dan. old in heden-old = the heathen age]:—a time, age; þessi eru nofn stundanna, ‘öld’ forðum, aldr, Edda 108; var öld hans góð landsfólkinu, Fms. vii. 174; vind-öld, varg-öld, skegg-öld, skálm-öld, Vsp.; róm-öld, war-age, Fms. vi. (in a verse); styrj-öld, veröld, qq. v.; en fyrsta öld var sú er alla dauða menn skyldi brenna, en síðan hófsk haugs-öld, Ó. H. (pref.); feðr várir ok allt forellri fyrst um brana-öld en nú um haugs-öld, Hkr. i. 141; ó-öld, a famine, Ann. 975: óaldar-vetr var mikill á Íslandi í heiðni, … þá átu menn hrafna ok melrakka, Landn. (Hb.); nú er sú öld (such bad times) í Noregi at ek treysti eigi at halda ykkr hér heima með mér, Fms. ii. 4; hans aldar (his life, reign) mun æ vera at góðu getið, Hkm. 19.
2. in a computistic or chronological sense, a cycle, period; gamla öld. the old cycle = cyclus Paschalis; upphaf gömlu aldar, Ann. 1140 (cp. Talbyrding s.a.), also called Páska-öld; sólar-öld, the solar cycle; …
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n.
1) ale (drekka öldr);
2) drinking-party (at öldri ok at áti).
i. e. ölðr, n., öldrs, öldri, the ð being inflexive, = öl; öldra dögg, Eg. (in a verse).
II. a drinking-party, banquet; því er ölðr bazt (baztr Cod.), Hm. 13; drekka eitt ölðr, one bout, Hým. 39; heitt ölðr, 32; jörð tekr við ölðri, Hm. 138; óminnis hegri sá er yfir ölðrum þrumir, 12; gera ölðr, vitnis ölðr, the ‘wolf’s ale,’ i. e. blood, Lex. Poët.
COMPDS: ölðrhús, ölðrmál.
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adv., see öllungis.
(-s, -ar), m.
1) elder, alder-man; senator;
2) hero, champion (mikinn öldung höfum vér hér at velli lagt);
3) old bull.
m. [Dan. olding; old Dan. aldung; cp. A. S. ealdorman]:—an elder, alderman, cp. Lat. senator, Gr. γέρων; Narses öldungr, Ver. 52; öldungar í Rómaborg, 623. 13; at hjáveröndum öldungum, id.; ödungar Rómverja, Ver. 41; meistarar ok öldungar lýðsins, Stj. 323; Moses mælti við öldunga fólksins, 305; spurði hvat héti höfðingjar borgarinnar, sveinninn skrifaði sjau öldunga nöfn ins átta tigar, 396; ‘senatus’ þat má kallask öldunga-sveit á Norrænu, Al. 8, Róm. 258; skript-lærðum og öldungum, Matth. xxvii. 41; þeir æðstu prestar og öldungar, 20; þeim æðstu prestum og öldungum, öldungar lýðsins, 1, 3; þeir æðstu prestar, öldungar og allt ráðið, xxvi. 59, and passim, cp. Pass. 15. 1, 50. 1; cp. sem þá var konungum títt at hafa gamla spekinga til þtss at vita forn dæmi ok siðu forellra sinna, Fagrsk. 150.
II. an old bull (cp. sumrungr, vetrungr, tíðungr), Edda (Gl.); tvá aura fyrir kú ok svá fyrir uxa þriðjung, en hálfan þriðja eyri fyrir öldung, N. G. L. ii. 44: gölt einn svá mikinn sem inn stærsti öldungr, Fas. i. 463; öldungs húð, the hide of an old bull, Grág. i. 505, Sd. 179.
2. metaph. a hero, champion (cp. …
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m. alderman, man of rank.
m. [A. S. ealdorman], an alderman, a man of rank, Jd. 10; aldor-maðr, Pd. 13; the word occurs in these two passages only.
a. aldermanlike, portly, venerable.
adj. aldermanlike, i. e. portly, venerable, Fms. vii. 63 (v. l.), Ísl. ii. 438, Fas. ii. 552.
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see alda, a wave.
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m. unruly sea;
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m. bulwarks of a ship, etc.
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adj. temporal; bornir ́n öldligum föður, Hom. (St.)
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n. a banqueting-house, N. G. L. i. 32, 62, 68, 72, 207.
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n. pl. = ölmál, Sdm. 29.
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n. a nickname, Landn.
II. the name of a county in Icel., id. (mod. Olves), whence Olfusingar, m. pl. the men from O.; Ölfusinga kyn, the genealogy of the O., a historical or genealogical work, Landn.: Ölfus-á, the Olfus water: Ölfus-vatn = the mod. Thingvalla-vatn, Ísl. ii. (Harð. S.)
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m., poët. an ox, Edda (Gl.)
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m. a brewer, Sturl. iii. 190.
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m. a frequenter of an ale-house, N. G. L. i. 62, 68.
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longest of all, local name of a fiord in the deserts of Greenland, A.A. 306; again discovered in 1870, and called Franz Joseph’s fiord, see Maurer in Augsb. Allgem. Zeit. 29th Oct. 1870.
2. name of an island, Edda, Gl. (perh. by a mistake).
adv. altogether, quite.
adv. (mod. öldungis, but in old poets made to rhyme with ll):—altogether, quite; öllungis eigi (cp. Lat. omnino non), not at all, Eluc. 13; öllungis kvittr, Dipl. iv. 11, B. K. 121; drýgja allyngis (sic) hans vilja, Hom. 69; öllyngis ei ok ei, 15; öllungis ílla, altogether ill, Ó. H. (in a verse); öllungis allar, quite all, Bjarn. (in a verse).
f.
1) alms, charity (gera. e-m ölmusu);
2) imbecile person (eru þér þó ölmusur hjá mér).
u, f., also almusa, Hom. passim; [A. S. ælmesse; Engl. alms; Germ. almosen; Dan. almisse; all from Gr. ἐλεημοσύνη]:—an alms, charity, Hom., Stj., K. Á., Bs.; of any charity, thus in the Icel. grammar-school, the allowances are still called ölmusa; ölmusu moli, Stj. 157; ölmusu-gjarn, ölmusu-góðr, charitable, Greg. 75, Bs. i. 332, 356: compds, ölmusu-gæði, charitableness, Hom., Bs.: ölmusu-görð, -gjöf, -gipt, alms-giving, Greg. 75, Grág. i. 163, Blas. 51, Stj., K. Á. 74, D. N. ii. 16: ölmusu-barn, an ‘alms-bairn,’ pauper child, Karl. 400: ölmusu-prestr, a priest pensioned off, ‘emeritus,’ Ám. 100: ölmusu-maðr, an almsman, bedesman, Ó. H., K. Á. 78: metaph. of an imbecile person; nenni ek víst eigi at ölmusur sparki í andlit mér, Fs. 31; ölmusur at vexti ok fráleik, 41; gefa mun enn ölmusu-lagi til Húsafells, i. e. even a bedesman would start in such weather as this, Bjarn. 54.
(gen. alnar, pl. alnar, alnir), f.
1) fore-arm;
2) cubit, ell.
f. the fore-arm, and hence a cubit, an ell; for this word see alin, p. 13.
m. elbow.
usually contracted ölbogi, and now sounded olbogi; albogi = alnbogi, Ld. 220; almbogi, read alnbogi, Edda 110; [öln and bogi; A. S. elboga; Germ. ellen-bogen; Engl. elbow]:—the elbow; ölbogi, Fms. iv. 383, Ó. H. 176 (ölnboga, Fb. ii. 302, l. c.); hann stendr á knjánum ok ölbogunum, Fms. xi. 64; hann hallaðisk á ölnboga, Str.; upp við ölnboga, Fb. i. 543; höndina fyrir ofan ölnboga, 255; ölboga, 150; olboga, Al. 24, l. 1, passim: a nickname, Orkn.
COMPDS: olbogabarn, ölbogabót, olbogaskot.
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also úlfliðr (q. v.), sounded unliðr, the ‘ell-joint,’ i. e. the wrist, see p. 668, col. 2, and Maurer’s Volksagen, 192.
I)
a. drunk (~ ek varð).
II)
m. alder-tree, = elrir.
1. adj. worse for ale, worse for drink; ölr ek varð, varð ek ofr-ölvi, Hm. 13; ölr ertú Loki, Ls. 47, Gm. 51; ölum stilli, Ýt.: allit., eigi veit hvaðan óðr eða ölr kemr at, a saying, Sturl. iii. 183.
2. m. = elrir, [Norweg. or, older, elle; A. S. alr; Engl. alder; Lat. alnus]:—a kind of tree, the alder-tree, Karl. 196; ölr vanga, poët. the hair, Edda ii. 500; öls blakkr, the wolf, Lex. Poët.
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part. = ölvaðr, Edda (Ht.)
n. alder-bush (?).
better jölstr, [Swed. jolster, ilster], an alder-bush, Gkv. 1. 29, where read jölstrum; see Appendix.
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1. f. = öln or alin, [Lat. ulnus], the fore-arm: in compds, ölun-grjót, the arm-stones, poët. = gems and gold.
2. m. a kind of fish, the mackerel (?), Edda (Gl.): in poët. phrases, ölna-vangr, ölna skeið, -fold, -bekkr, = the sea; jarðar-ölun, the earth-fish, i. e. the snake, Lex. Poët.; ölun-grund, ölun-jörð, = the sea. id.; alna-vágr, mackerel-ponds; alna váð, a mackerel-net, D. N.
f. sincerity, affection; taka við e-m með ölúð, to give one a hearty reception; veita með ölúð, to give hospitable treatment.
f. ‘the whole mind,’ sincerity, devotion; see alúð, p. 18.
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adv. sincerely, devotedly, Bs. i. 337; mod. alúðliga.
pp. worse for drink, tipsy.
part. worse for drink, Fms. xi. 424, passim.
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m. a pr. name, Landn., Nj. 83.
adv. heartily.
adv. cordially, hospitably, Ísl. ii. 348.
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m. an ale-bearer, Lex. Poët.
m. ale-bench, drinking-bench; sitja á ölbekki, to sit drinking.
m. an ale-bench, drinking-bench; sitja á ölbekki, to sit drinking, Fms. vii. 227.
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a, m. an ale-bearer, Bragi.
m., see ölnbogi.
see ölnbogi.
f. ale-booth.
f. an ale-booth, Sturl. ii. 125.
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n. an ale-cask, Landn. (in a verse).
pp. drunk with ale.
part. drunk with ale, Eb. (in a verse).
f. ale-drinking.
u, f. ale-drinking, Am., Eb. 184.
m. pl. drinking-mates.
m. pl. drinking-mates, N. G. L. i. 68.
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m. an ‘ale-napkin,’ worn round the neck, N. G. L. i. 175.
m. ale-ladle.
m. an ale-ladle, Þiðr. 89.
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adj. able to take care of oneself; hestfærr ok ölfærr, Gþl. 269.
n. pl. ale-stores.
n. pl. ale-stores, Bs. i. 78.
n. pl. drinking vessels.
n. pl. drinking-vessels, Edda 68, Fms. vi. 342, 346.
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f. ale-making, brewing, Gþl. 6, 431, Sturl. iii. 147, Fas. ii. 25:
f. ale-brewing.
u, f. ale-brewing, before Yule and other great feasts, Landn. 214, 215.
n. ale-horn, drinking-horn.
n. an ale-horn, Landn. 261.
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a, m., see alhugi.
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n. an ale-house:
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m. the ale ‘frame,’ the ale-horn, Landn. (in a verse).
a. merry with ale.
adj. ‘ale-cheery,’ merry with ale, Gísl. (in a verse).
f. mineral well.
u, f. an ‘ale-well,’ the name of Icel. mineral wells, mentioned in Sks. 163; the chief well is that on Rauðamels-heiðr on the ridge of the mountains between Faxafjord and Breiðifjord in the west of Icel., cp. Eggert Itin.
n. ale-cask.
n. an ale-cask, Gsp., Orkn. 248, Fas. iii. 132, Stj. 311.
m. ale-cauldron.
m. an ‘ale-ship,’ of the big cauldron, Hým.
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m. = ölkjóll. Lex. Poët.
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u, f. an ale-maid, ale-seller, N. G. L. ii. 204.
f. ale-dainties.
f. pl. ale-dainties, spices, Akv.
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n. pl., read ölteiti, Ísl. ii. 232, v. l.
n. pl. talk over ale, table-talk.
n. pl. ‘ale-talk,’ table-talk, Ls. 1, Fms. xi. 19.
a. dull with drink.
adj. ale-moody, dull with drink, Róm, 150, 244.
a. dull with drink.
m. a pr. name, Landn.: Ölmœðlingar, m. pl. the descendants of O., id.
n. = ölmál, öldrmál.
n. pl. = ölmál, Bjarn. 55.
a. drunk (hann varð ~).
adj. ‘ale-mad,’ drunk, Eg. 373, Fms. viii. 249.
a. = ölkátr.
adj. = ölkátr, Hm., Gh.
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m. an ale-reed, i. e. ale-horn, Bjarn.
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f. a myth, word, cp. Germ. alruna, i. e. mandragora or mandrake, for which see Grimm’s Mythol.
II. a pr. name of the swan maiden in Vkv., where, however, the name may be Gaelic, from eala = a swan (Mr. Baring Gould’s Curious Myths, 2nd Series, No. ix).
f. pl. a kind of runes.
f. pl., q. v., Sdm.
f. a female cup-bearer.
u, f. a female cup-bearer, Eg. 210, Lex. Poët.
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m. pl. manners, rules at a drinking-party, Fms. vii. 119.
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f. pl. ale-cups, Am., Hðm.
f. ale-room, drinking-hall.
u, f. an ale-room, drinking-hall, Orkn. 248.
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(öl-tappari), m. an ale-tapster, D. N. ii. 133.
f. cheer, merriment, over drink.
1. adj. = alteiti, in high spirits; glaðr sem ölteiti, Mar. 1047.
2. f. cheer, merriment over drink; þat var haft at ölteiti, at menn kváðu vísur, Eg. 150, Ísl. ii. 232, Eb. 182, Band. 13, Fms. ii. 262.
a. = ölkátr.
adj. = ölkátr, Hrafn. 25.
n. drinking-vessel.
n. pl. = ölgögn. Fb. iii. 354.
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a, m. a pr. name, Skáldatal, Edda 47.
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n. ‘ale-work,’ brewing, Korm. (in a verse).
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m. = ölr, an alder-tree, Edda (Gl.)
f. = ölúð (taka við e-m með ~).
f. cordiality, hospitality; see al-værð.
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or öl-æði = Lat. vinolentia, a fancy heated by drink; Geitir segir, kynlegt er þat er fyrir mik bar. mér sýndist sem klæðit væri …, roði svá mikill af klæðinu at mér þykkir bregða …, ekki sé ek, segir (hann), ok mun þat vera ölöð í augum þér, Vápn. (Fél. 1861, p. 124).
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adj. = öloðr, Gísl. 30.
f. payment for service reward, return (ef þeir mætti hafa ~ erfiðis síns).
f. (i. e. öm-bun), in Norse vellums often spelt amban, in mod. usage, umbun; [this word is interesting as being undoubtedly in form and sense nearly related to ambátt; Goth. andbahts; A. S. ambeht; Germ. amt (see p. 19); accordingly the etymological sense would be wages, hire given to a servant]:—a payment for service, wages; hinn seksk ok eigi á meðför hans gripar, ef sá hafði í ömbon þann á brott hafðan, of seizing an object in order to pay oneself with it, Grág. ii. 197; þeim skal gjalda makliga ömbun, ok mikit verka-kaup, Fms. i. 215; nú skulu þér taka ömbun verka yðvarra, skortir oss nú eigi föng til at gjalda yðr starf yðvart ok góðvilja, Ld. 12; ef þeir mætti af ömbun erviðis síns slökkva sinn sára hungr, if, from the wages for their work, they might appease their hunger, Fms. i. 222.
2. a reward; varir mik at hann þyngi mér, heldr en veita mér réttliga amban (avmbun, v. l.), Fms. vi. 342; en í eilífri ambun eru ávalt góðir sælir en íllir ávalt vesalir, Hom. 20; eptir verðleikum veitask ömbunir í himinríkis fagnaði, Stj. 378; ek bið óumbræðiligra ömbona á himni, Blas. …
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(að), v. to reward, make a return for (~ e-m e-t).
and ambana, mod. umbuna, að, to reward (e-m e-t); alla daga er ek lifi, á ek þér at ambana (ömbuna, v. l.), Fms. vi. 327; þú hefir ömbunat mér íllu gott, thou hast repaid me good by evil, i. 264; láti Guð oss fá þeim umbunat svá at þeir kenni, ix. 499 (ambanat, Fb. iii. 144, l. c.); þá skal Guð ambuna honum, en komi eigi fé fyrir, N. G. L. ii. 91; síðan skal erfingi umbuna honum fyrir starf sitt, Jb. 154; ömbunaði hann þar í móti þrjátigi pakka vaðmáls (paid in turn), Bs. i. 872; þeim skal ek kunna þökk ok ömbuna góðu, er …, Fms. i. 296.
m. rewarder.
a, m. a rewarder, Karl. 138.
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m. [from Lat. ampulla], a jug, Pm. 93; see ampli.
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n. a potsherd, Pm. 93.
m. stack, rick, = amstr.
m. a rick, stack, Edda. ii. 493.
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1. f. an obsol. poët. word, voice, sound; see óman or ómun; this word may be akin to önd, cp. Goth. ahma; it is spelt omvn, Skv. 1. 71 (Bugge); omun, Edda i. 544.
2. = aman, [ama], a teasing, vexation.
a. detestable, disgusting.
adj. dreary, horrid; í hræðiligu dreka líki ok ömorligu, Niðrst. 1; cp. amra, p. 19.
I)
f. porch, = anddyri.
II)
(gen. andar, pl. endr and andir), f. duck (fundu þeir þar andir margar; endr ok elptr).
III)
(gen. andar, dat. önd and öndu; pl. andir), f.
1) breath; draga öndina, to draw breath; verpa, varpa öndu, to draw a sigh;
2) breath, life; týna öndu, to lose breath, die; fara öndu e-s, to put to death;
3) soul; fela guði ~ sína á hendi, to give over one’s soul into God’s hands.
1. f., gen. andar, pl. endr and andir, and so in mod. usage; [A. S. ened; Dutch eend; O. H. G. anut; Germ. ente; Dan. and, pl. ænder; Lat. anas, anatis; Gr. νηττα]:—a duck, Edda (Gl.); flaug mikill fjöldi anda (gen. pl.) … eina öndina, Art. 38; endr ok elptr, Karl. 477; vali, álptir, gæss ok andir, Grág. ii. 346, passim; brim-önd, töpp-önd.
COMPDS: andaregg, andarfygli, andarsteggi.
2. f., gen. andar; spelt önn, Skm. l. c.; [and-, p. 19, col. 2]:—a porch = and-dyri, prop. the place opposite the door; skynda út at andar, Bjarn. (in a verse); síðan gékk hann eptir gólfi ok útar í öndina, ok lét fyrir lokuna, Lv. 60; ok er þau kóma fram um dyrr, gékk hón í öndina gegnt úti-dyrum ok kembir þar Oddi syni sínum, Eb. 92; vertú sem þistill þrunginn í önn (= önd) ofan verða, Skm. 31; see þröngva.
3. f., gen. andar, dat. öndu, and abbreviated önd; pl. andir; [önd and andi (p. 20) are twin words, for the origin see anda, to which add the Scot. aind or aynd]:—the breath; önd gaf Óðinn, Vsp.; en er barnit skaut upp öndu, Ó. H. 122; var þá niðri öndin (no sign of breathing), síðan skaut hón upp öndinni, began to draw breath, Bs. …
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m. a pr. name, Hornklofi; also of a giant, Edda (Gl.)
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m. (Fas. ii. 261), and öndugis-maðr, m. (Fagrsk., Eg. 575, Mag. 3), the man sitting in the öndvegi opposed to the lord of the house, the king’s first man, Fagrsk. ch. 219, Fas. iii. 31; in Hom. (St.) ‘architriclinus’, John ii. 9, is rendered by öndvegis-maðr.
m. = andri.
m., dat. öndri, pl. öndrar = andrar, snow-shoes: whence öndur-áss, m. the god of the öndurr, one of the names of the god Ullr, Edda i. 266: öndur-dís, f. one of the names of the giantess Skadi; both Ullr and Skadi being represented as great runners on snow-shoes, Edda (Ht.): öndur-goð = öndurdís, Haustl.: in poets, Áta öndurr, the sledge of the sea-king Áti, i. e. a ship; Eynefis öndurr, id., Bragi.
f. high-seat post or pillar.
u, f. the high-seat post or upright, Landn. 34, 35, 96, 261, Korm. 6, Gísl. 140, cp. Landn. 301.
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n., Gþl. 252.
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u, f. food for the soul, Hom. 14.
a. fiery, awful, of the eyes.
adj. [and-, p. 19, col. 2], looking full in the face, an epithet of the eye, fiery; öndótt augu, fiery eyes, Þkv.; öndóttr (not öndótts) inn-máni, Edda, in a verse (Húsd.)
2. a pr. name, Landn.
n. high-seat (sitja í ~).
and önd-ugi, n. [from and- (opposite) and vegr]:—an ‘opposite-seat,’ high-seat, so called because two seats are placed opposite to one another; in ancient timbered halls the benches were placed longways, running along the walls of the halls (sec bekkr), with the two seats of honour in the middle facing one another; the northern bench facing the sun, was called öndvegi it æðra, the higher or first high-seat, the opposite or southern bench being it úæðra, the lower or second high-seat; the two high-seats were the most honoured places in the hall, and a chief guest used to be placed in the southern high-seat. In England the master and mistress sitting opposite one another at each end of the table may be a remnant of this old Scandinavian custom. The sides of the high-seat were ornamented with uprights (öndugis-súlur) carved with figures, such as a head of Thor or the like; these posts were regarded with religious reverence; many of the settlers of Iceland are said to have taken the high-seat posts with them, and when near Iceland to have thrown them over-board to drift ashore, and where they found them, there they took up their abode. …
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f. beginning (fyrir öndverðu heims þessa).
u, f. the beginning; fyrir öndverðu heims þessa, Hom. 196.
adv. early, at the outset.
adv. early, at the outset. Fas. iii. 356.
a.
1) standing face to face (öndurðir skulu ernir klóast);
2) lying in front;
í ~i fylkingu, in the front of the battalion;
3) of time, coming first, earlier, former (part of a period);
á öndverðum vetri, in the beginning of the winter;
bæði öndverðar nætr ok ofan-verðar, both in the beginning and end of the night;
af öndverðu, from the beginning;
fyrir öndverðu, at the outset.
and önd-urðr, adj. standing face to face; öndurðr horfir þú við í dag—Öndurðir skulu ernir klóask (a saying), Ó. H. 183 (and the verse of Sighvat).
2. fronting, in front of; í öndurða fylking, the front of the rank, Ó. H. 217; (öndverðr, Fms. v. 13, 79, l. c.); í öndurðri fylkingu, Mork. 208; í öndverðu höfði, Pr. 430; frá öndverðu til ofanverðs, from top to bottom, Hom. 118; ofanvert heldr enn öndvert þat merki, Rb. 102; öndurt fylki, Vellekla; Öndurt nes (mod. Öndurðar-nes), a local name, Landn. 87, 315; hann bjó á Öndurðri-Eyri (also a local name), 92, Eb. 8 new Ed.
II. of time, in the earlier, former part of a period, opp. to ofanverðr; öndurt sumar, Sighvat; óttu alla ok öndurðan dag, Am. 50; öndverðar nætr ok ofanverðar, Bs. i. 431; öndvert ár, the spring-time, Fms. ix. (in a verse); öndverðan vetr, i. 21, Eb. 21 new Ed., Eg. 188; var kyrt öndvert þingit, Ld. 290, Nj. 63; goðar allir skolu koma til þings öndverðs, Grág. i. 100, 130; öndverðrar Kristni, in the early Christian age, Stj.; í öndorðri Kristni, Hom. 137; öndverða öld, öndurða æfi sína, Ver. 25; af öndverðu, from the outset, K. …
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f. a strait; öngd ok þröngd, Barl. 102.
2. anguish; þar var hryggleikr með öngd ok angri, Barl. 162.
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a, m. a straitness, narrowness, Post. (Unger) 46.
adv. in straits (~ staddr).
adv. in straits; vera öngliga staddr, Str. 75.
a. narrow, strait.
pron. adj. = eingi, none; see eingi, pp. 120, 121.
a. narrow, strait.
adj. [Goth. aggwus; A. S. enge (subst.); Germ. eng; Lat. ang-ustus; cp. Gr. ἄγχω, etc.]:—narrow, strait; aka e-m í öngan krók, to drive one into a corner, Fms. vi. (in a verse, cp. aka ór öngum, see öngur); öngt ok þröngt, Skálda (in a verse); muntú í öngan ormgarð lagiðr, Skv. 3. 57; öngt garðs-hlið ok þröng gata er sú er leiðir til lífs, Barl. 45; halda e-n í öngri gæzlu, Str. 16; öngt í brjósti (cp. Germ. engbrustig), a nickname, Landn.
(pl. önglar), m. fish-hook.
m., dat. öngli, [A. S. angel; Engl. angle; Germ. angel; all from Lat. ang-ulus, being from the same root as ang-ustus, öngr, etc.]:—an angle, hook, Hým. 21, Niðrst. 3, 4, Barl. 123, K. Þ. K., and passim.
2. a nickname, Orkn.
II. a local name in North Norway and Angeln in Sleswik, whence the name of Eng-land (Engle-land) is derived. Önguls-ey, Anglesey in England, Orkn.
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f. pl. straits; aldri fyrr kom hann ór þvílíkum öngum, Karl. 196; hann þóttisk ór öngum aka, Bjarn. 52; ór löngum muns öngum, out of long anxiety of mind, anguish, Hallfred: so in the mod. phrase, vera í öngum sínum, to be depressed in mind.
(að), v. to press (~ saman).
and öngja or engja, d, to straiten, oppress; öngða í allskyns þrautum, Stj. 51; öngðr með úfriði, Str. 14; hón œngvir honum ok hann angrar, 25; takit þessa konu ok látið öngva henni, 34; öngdi þetta ok þröngdi svá mjök orku-efni hennar, Barl. 65; þeir munu svá öngva þér, Flóv. 43.
2. it remains in the phrase, engja sig, engjast, or engja sig sundr og saman, to writhe, like a worm; lagði fyrir brjóst honum svá hart, at hann öngvaði (sic) saman, Fas. iii. 253.
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f. = öngd; þína eymd ok öngving, Bs. i. 201.
n. fainting-fit, swoon, = úvit (falla í ~).
n. a swoon, fainting-fit, Bs. ii. 230; at hann féll í öngvit, en er hann vitkaðisk, Fms. vi. 230, Fbr. 20 new Ed.; ef maðr er lostinn í öngvit, Grág. ii. 16; ok er af henni hóf öngvit, Bjarn. 68 (óvit, Glúm. 368), freq. in mod. usage.
a. in anguish, distressed.
adj. in anguish, distressed; ö. ok auðkumul, Bs. i. 323.
n. straits; koma í ~, to get into a strait.
n. [see þveiti], a ‘narrow place,’ strait; at þú komir aldri síðan í slíkt öngðveiti, Ó. H. 120; verðr hverr fyrir sér at sjá, er menn koma í slíkt öngþveiti, Ld. 264.
I)
(gen. annar, pl. annir), f.
1) work, business, trouble; harin var í mikilli ~, very busy; fá e-m ~, to give one trouble;
2) pl. annir, working season, esp. the hay-making season (en þetta var of annir).
II)
f. for önd = anddyri (?).
= önd, a porch, vestibule, Skm. 31.
I)
(gen. annar, pl. annir), f.
1) work, business, trouble; harin var í mikilli ~, very busy; fá e-m ~, to give one trouble;
2) pl. annir, working season, esp. the hay-making season (en þetta var of annir).
II)
f. for önd = anddyri (?).
1. f. an obsolete word, some part of a sword, the tip or the chape (?), Edda (Gl.); önnar (unnar Cod. wrongly) tunga, the tongue of the önn, i. e. the sword’s blade, Landn. (in a verse); in Hkv. Hjörv. 9 the true reading, we believe, is ‘önn’ er í oddi for ‘ógn;’ hjalt, hugró, önn, egg, valböst all being parts of a sword.
2. f., gen. annar, pl. annir: [one is tempted to trace this word to the Goth. aþn and ataþni = ἐνιαυτός, a year; if so, the original sense would be a season, time, and work, business the derived; see annt, anna, amboð]:—a working season; en þetta var of annir, the hay-making season, Bs. i. 339; ef maðr fiskir um annir, ok gengr í grið at vetri, Grág. i. 151; hálfan mánuð um annir, 152; á miðil anna skal löggarð göra, in the time between two working seasons, ii. 261; þat heitir anna í millum, Gþl. 410 (onne millom, Ivar Aasen), the time between two working seasons, e. g. between ploughing time and hay-making, or fencing and hay-making, or the like; vár-önn, the sowing season; löggarðs-önn or garð-önn, the fencing season; hey-önn, the hay season; …
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m. labourer, toiler.
m. a labourer, Edda 107; þat er önnungs verk (household work, farm work) er maðr vinnr hvern dag þat er bóndi vill, K. Þ. K. 136.
m., in the phrase, fyrir önnkost, intentionally, purposely; sigla skipi á sker fyrir önnkost, to run a ship ashore purposely.
ann-kostr, also önd-kostr, m., in the phrase, fyrir önd-kost, intentionally, purposely, as a law phrase; hann sigldi skipi sínn á sker fyrir annkost, ok vildi brjóta (andkost, öndkost, v. l.), he ran the ship on shore purposely, Fms. viii. 367; er þó hafa ek fyrir önnkost svá ritið, Skálda 164; ef menn troðask svá mjök at lögréttu fyrir önd-kost (wantonly) eðr göra þar hrang eðr háreysti, Grág. i. 5; spilla fé manna fyrir önnkost ok fyrir illgirni sakar, 131; göra skaða fyrir önd-kost, þá varðar skóggang, 416.
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adj. [qs. öndugr, i. e. andvígr?] fretful, peevish; þú ert önugr, strákr!
COMPDS: önuglegr, önuglyndi, önuglyndr.
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adj. cross, odd, wayward, Fél. x. 175.
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f. fretfulness, freq. in mod. usage, but not found in old writers.
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adj. cross.
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m. (Anundr), qs. An-vindr, a pr. name, Landn. Önundar-brenna, Ann., Sturl. i. 197; hence Önundar-fjörðr, a local name; Önundar-firðingr, Sturl. iii. 58.
(gen. -var, pl. -var), f. arrow; skjóta öru, to shoot an arrow; frequently used as a token sent round to summon a meeting (skera ör, skera ör upp); cf. herör.
f., gen. örvar; dat. öru, Grág. ii. 19, and later ör; pl. örvar, örva, örum; also spelt with f, örfar, etc.: [A. S. aruwe; Engl. arrow; the word may be akin to örr, adj. = the swift]:—an arrow; örina, annarri ör, … ör liggr þar úti, ok er sú af þeirra örum, … örunum, … ör (acc.), Nj. 96, 115, Hkr. i. 241; örvar þrjár, … örvunum (sic), Fas. i. 511, 541, and passim.
2. metaph. a summons to a meeting, by the sending out an arrow (like the Gaelic ‘fiery cross’), both in war and peace, but originally as a war-token (her-ör); skera örvar upp, Js. 37; skera ör, 41; nema ör eða maðr stefni honum þing, 42: also of a warrant (cp. Germ. steck-brief), summoning a person to appear; the law phrases are, leggja örvar á e-n, to lay an arrow upon, i. e. to summon by a warrant; fylgja örum, to follow the arrow, i. e. to answer a summons; sá skal örum fylgja er fyrstr var á lagðr, N. G. L. i. 60; örvar þrjár … ein ör at dauðum manni, önnur at sárum …, allir skulu þeir örvar bera en engi fella, … sá skal örum fylgja er á eru lagðar … nú ef örvar taka hann ok sækir eigi þing, þá berr hann á baki sök, 270. …
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(gen. arðar), f. crop, produce.
f., gen. arðar, [erja, arði], a crop, produce; örð sér (sows) Yrsu burðar, the crop of the son of Yrsa, i. e. gold, Edda (in a verse); þá á leiguliði einnar arðar mála, … þá á leiguliði tvegeja mála atða, þá örð (not jörð) eina er lands-dróttinn andask á ok aðra næstu eptir, N. G. L. i. 233, Gþl. 329; þat eru þrjár arðir, 314; nú verðr maðr útlagr á jörðu manns. þá skal hann leigu hafa ef úreidd var, ok örð alla rótfasta, N. G. L. i. 40.
COMPDS: arðar leiga, u, f. rent for one year’s crop, Gpl. 330. arðar-máli, a, m. (and -mál, n.), a contract, agreement for one year, Gþl. 314, 329, 336.
v. to raise, lift (~ augum); ~st upp sem leo, to rise to one’s feet like a lion.
að, [örðigr], to raise, lift up, erect; Drottinn örðgar upp bundna, ok leysir fjötraða, 655 xiii. A. 3; konungr leit yfir lýðinn, örðgaði augum, lifting the eyes, with the notion of a fierce look, Fms. vii. 156 (aurgaði v. l., arþgaði, Mork. 190, l. c.); örðgask upp sem leo, to rise to one’s feet like a lion, Stj. 337.
a.
1) erect, upright, rising on end; ríss hestrinn ~ undir honum, the horse rears under him;
2) fig. difficult, arduous (en hitt mun mér ~a þykkja at lúta til Selþóris);
3) harsh, hard (sumt þykkir heldr örðigt í orðum konungs).
or örðugr, adj. [Lat. arduus, but not borrowed from that word]:—erect, upright, rising on end, breasting; ríss hestrinn örðigr (rears) undir honum. Fms. xi. 280; selrinn ríss upp örðigr, Bs. i. 335; liggja örðigr við hægindit í sænginni, to lie leaning high against the pillow in the bed, Bs. ii. 320; reisa kistuna örðiga til hálfs, Pr. 413; Höskuldr sneri at Odda örðigum, H. turned breasting O. boldly, Lv. 82; Bersi ferr örðigr ok leggsk hart, B. rose to breast the waves bravely, of a swimmer, Korm. 116: of a ship cutting the waves, Edda (in a verse): of a steep brink, örðugt upp á-móti, hard to breast.
II. metaph. difficult, arduous; en örðgu boðorð laginna, Greg. 9; hitt mun mér örðgara (örðigra, Fb. l. c.) þykkja, at lúta til Selþóris, Ó. H. 112: very freq. in mod. usage, það er örðugt.
2. harsh; sumt þykkir heldr örðigt í orðum konungs, Fms. vii. 221.
3. stalwart, brisk; örðigr ok sterkr, Mar.; orðigr ok allra manna bezt vígr, Fs. 129.
4. a nickname, Ása hin örðiga, Gullþ.
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or örðum-skeggi, a nickname (cp. bratt-skeggr), Landn., Nj.
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a, m. a difficulty.
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örend-reki, see eyrendlaust, eyrendreki.
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or örvi, f. [örr, adj.], liberality; ágætr af örfi sinni ok atgervi, Þórð. (1860) 95.
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a, m. [A. S. yrfa], a bull, head of cattle, Edda (Gl.)
(að), v. to raise, lift (~ augum); örðgast upp sem leo, to rise to one’s feet like a lion.
að, = örðga (q. v.), Hkr. 687 new Ed.; hence prob. per metathesis the mod. ögra, q. v.
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að, qs. örðglast, [örðigr], to rise to one’s feet (= örðgast), Fms. iv. 58, Fas. ii. 331, iii. 574, Fb. i. 543, Karl. 191.
(gen. arkar and erkr, pl. arkir), f.
1) ark, chest (gengr Vigdís inn ok til erkr þeirar, er Þ. átti);
2) coffin.
f., gen. arkar and erkr, pl. arkir; [A. S. earc, arc; Engl. and Dan. ark]:—an ark, chest; örk ein mikil ok fornlig stóð í elda-húsinu, … örkina, … örkinni, Fær. 186, Eb. ch. 50; örku-fótr, Ó. H. 152; gengr Vígdís inn til erkr þeirrar er Þórðr átti, Ld. 48.
2. a sarcophagus, Symb. 24.
II. eccl. the Ark; gör þú mér örk af trjám, i. e. Noah’s Ark, Stj. 306; örk Guðs, Sks. 753; usually Sáttmáls-örk, Stj., Ver., Barl., Rb., the Bible. arkar-fótr, m. the foot of a chest, Fms. iv. 355.
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n. a kind of seal, [cp. Lat. orca, supposed to be the grampus]; sá hón örkn mikit liggja á steini, Bs. i. 335, Bjarn. (in a verse), Edda (Gl.): also called örkn-selr, m., Sks. 176, where it is described; perh. the mod. urta, urtu-selr, is corrupted from örkn. örkn-höfði, a nickname, Sturl. i. (in a verse).
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að, qs. örðla; in the mod. phrase, það örlar á e-u, a thing rises or shews itself, esp. in a bad sense, of enmity, envy, or the like.
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m., or sounded urmull, = ömul, q. v.; það er enginn örmull eptir af því, not a rag left. 2. urmull (prob. the same word), a swarm; þar er mesti urmull.
(gen. arnar, pl. ernir, acc. örnu), m. eagle (gunni at heyja ok glaða örnu).
m., gen. arnar, dat. erni, pl. ernir, acc. örnu; in mod. usage the word has become fem. örn, arnar, örn, pl. nom. acc. arnir; örn is like björn, an enlarged form from ari, q. v.: [A. S. earn; Chaucer erne; Dan. örn]:—an eagle; erninum, Bs. i. 350; örno ok hrafna, Grág. ii. 346, K. Þ. K. 136; snapir örn á aldinn mar, a saying, Hm. 62; seðja örnu, Hkv. 1. 35; gunni at heyja ok glaða örnu, id.; drúpir örn yfir, Gm.; er á asklimum ernir sitja, Hkv. 2. 48; falla forsar, flýgr örn yfir, Vsp. 58: mythical, örn gól árla, Hkv. Hjörv. 6 (an eagle telling the fate to a young hero): the eagle is the bird of the giants, jötunn í arnarham, Vþm., cp. the legend of giant Þjazi: arnar-flaug, f. eagle’s flight, as an ‘omen’ boding battle; nú er arnar-flaug; of vangi, Edda (in a verse): arnar-leir, m., Gd. 2; see leir II.
II. Örn, as a pr. name, and Örn-ólfr, Veðr-örn: of a woman, Arna. III. = blóð-örn, q. v.; rista örn á baki e-m, Hkr. i. 108, Fas. i. 292, Skv. 2. 26.
COMPDS: arnar-hamr, -kló, -fjöðr, -vængr, m. an eagle’s skin, … wing, Edda 13, 46, Fas. …
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gen. pl. business; see eyrendi β.
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m. eagle, the name of a giant, Lex. Poët.
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adj. eagle-swift, Rekst.
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m. a kind of fish, a mackerel (?), (= ölun); tunna öron, D. N. iii. 688.
(acc. örvan), a.
1) swift, ready; neut., ört, fast; ísinn rak svá ört, at, the ice drifted so fast, that;
2) liberal, open-handed (allra manna örvastr); neut., ört, fully, quite; eigi ört hálfr fjórði tugr manna, not quite thirty-five men;
3) active, energetic.
1. n., later or with a single r, and so in mod. usage; [Dan. ar, arret]:—a scar; ok sá þó á örrit alla æfi, Bs. i. 330; hann þreifaði of örr sára Dróttins, Greg. 14; greri ær (sic) hvít á hvarmum báðum, Hom. 116; mun örr þat sjá á fæti mér meðan ek lifi, Fb. i. 401, Karl. 61; meðal herða honum var örr gróit í kross, Fms. viii. 275 (eyrr, v. l.; aurr, Fb. ii. 636, l. c.); hann hafði örr í andliti, Ld. 274. örra-beinn, adj. ‘scar-leg,’ a nickname, Fs. 128, Landn.
2. adj., acc. örvan, pl. örvir; inn örvi; compar. örvari, örvastr: [root aru-; A. S. earu, Grein; Sansk. ar; Dan. ör, in the phrase ‘ör i hoved’ giddy in the head]:—swift, ready; örr tilfara, allstaðar þar er þurfti hans tilkvámu, Bs. i. 128: neut., hann (the ice) rak svá ört, at …, the ice drifted so fast, that …, Bárð. 9 new Ed.
2. neut. quite; eigi ört hálfr fjórði tugr manna, not quite forty-five men, Ann. 1362.
II. liberal, open-handed; miklu örvari af fé, passim; örr ok ölmusu-góðr, Bs. i. 81; örvastr konunga, Fms. xi. 203; allra manna örvastr, Eg. 517; …
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n. a nickname, Landn. 193.
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mod. urriði, a, m. a salmon-trout; see aurriði.
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adj. scarred, covered with scars, Fs. 128, Fas. ii. 471, Stj. 80.
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also spelt ertog, ærtog, [the etymology of the first part of the word is not certain, but it is prob. a compd, qs. ör-togr, the latter part being togr = twenty, prob. so called because twenty ‘penningar’ made an ærtog; ör or ær may be the old name of a small coin, cp. mod. Swed. öre, a small coin worth less than an English farthing; the mod. Norse name ‘ort,’ = a fifth part of a dollar specie, is an abbreviation of örttog]:—the name of an old coin or piece of money, amounting to a third part of an ounce (eyrir) = twenty penningar or pence, N. G. L., D. N. passim; skolu þeir báðir í ertogi (dat.), N. G. L. i. 185; see eyrir.
(að), v. to incite.
að, [örr, adj.], to exhort; örva ok tendra, Str. 8; the word is very freq. in mod. usage, upp-örva, to exhort, encourage; upp-örvan, exhortation, encouragement.
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m. the name of a giant, see the tale in Edda; the Gr. Ωρίων and the Norse Örvandil may be the same word, their etymology is to be sought for beyond both Greek and Norse; Örvandils tá, the toe of O., Edda (Örvan-tá, Ub. l. c.); see stjarna.
from ör, arrow.
gen., see ör, f., B.
n. a message or summons by an arrow.
n. an ‘arrow-summons,’ ‘arrow-message,’ a message or summons by an arrow, Fms. i. 209.
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m. the tip of an arrow, N. G. L. i. 59.
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m. an arrow-point. Fms. vii. 142, Gþl. 460: a nickname = Odd the archer, Fas. ii.
n. shaft of an arrow.
n. an arrow-shaft, Fas. iii. 331.
n. = örskot.
= örskot, Grág. i. 123.
m. despatching an arrow-message.
m. an ‘arrow-cutting,’ i. e. despatching an arrow-message, Fms. x. 412, Gþl. 81.
n. an assembly summoned by means of an arrow-message.
n. an assembly summoned by an arrow, an extraordinary meeting called together on an emergency, Ó. H. 139, Fms. ii. 104, Gþl. 152.
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u, f. an ‘arrow-drift,’ shower of arrows, Fms. viii. 222.
n. flight of arrows.
n. a flight of arrows, Fms. iii. 32.
m. quiver.
m. a quiver, Fas. ii. 541, Al. 121; usually called
m. quiver.
m., Fms. iii. 223.
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adj., qs. örvhendr (?), [the former part is doubtful, the latter prob. from hönd; the mod. Dan. say keit-haanded]:—left-handed; smá verða örvendra manna högg, Fb. ii. 212; þvíat örvendr maðr hjó, Fbr. 90 new Ed.; örvendi, the verse, l. c.; sár Þormóðar hafðisk ílla ok var jafnan örvendr síðan meðan hann lifði, 34 new Ed.
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= örvhendr, a nickname, Landn. 144.
(gen. -var, pl. -var), f. arrow; skjóta öru, to shoot an arrow; frequently used as a token sent round to summon a meeting (skera ör, skera ör upp); cf. herör.
(i. e. ør-), a prefixed particle, altered from us-; the s remains in usall = vesall, see p. 699, col. 2; also spelt er-, er-vita, Hkv.; or eyr-, eyr-grynni, Ó. H. 106; evr-lygi, Eg. (in a verse): [Ulf. us-; O. H. G. ur-; when uncompounded, see ór, mod. úr, p. 472; as a prefix to nouns, ör- or ör-, for which see p. 469, col. 2. Indeed, there is a strong probability that the negative prefix ó- is a contraction, not of un-, but of or-, so that ó-bættr is from or-bættr, ó-verðr from or-verðr, by agglutination of r, whereby the vowel becomes long (as the O. H. G. prefix ar- in A. S. appears â-): this would account for the fact, that in the very oldest and best vellums there is hardly a single instance of ú- for ó-, and this is the sole modern form not only all over Iceland, but also in most popular idioms of Norway and Sweden; a farther proof is that in many words or-, the ancient form, is preserved in a few vellums, especially of the Norse laws, in such rare forms as ör-sekr, ör-bætiligr, ör-vænt, and ó-vænt, where the current form is ó-sekr, etc. …
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f. = Lat. inopia, lack of means, destitution.
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adj. destitute.
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adj. helpless, Bs. i. 873.
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n. = örvarboð, an arrow-summons, Hkr. i. 250.
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u, f. the name of a giantess, Hdl., Edda.
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adj. [cp. orbotamal = óbótamal, Schlyter], irreparable, Stj. 8, l. 1; whence mod. ó-bætil.
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u, f. utter death, a fishing term used when fish will not bite; komi þá enginn kolmúligr úr kafi, þá mun ördeyða á öllu Norðr-hafi, Ísl. Þjóðs.
n. arrow-shot, used to express distance (Sveinki mun eigi flýja eitt ~).
n. an arrow-shot, range, of distance; þrjú ördrög, Flóv. 40; látum milli ördrag eða lengra, Fms. viii. 382, Grág. ii. 19.
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adj. the forsworn (?), a nickname, Sturl., Ann.
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f. utter poverty, destitution, Fms. vi. 60, Hom. (St.); ef þau æxla fé ór öreigð, Grág. i. 335.
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and ör-eiga, adj. also used as a noun, want, destitution.
2. ‘out of owning,’ poor, destitute, Al. 5; ef sá maðr er ö. er þá kirkju á, N. G. L. i. 388; ef sá maðr andask er öreigi er, ok er engi maðr skyldr at gjalda skuldir hans, Grág. i. 408; öreigi ok féþurfi, Fms. ii. 80; ef þeir menn eru á skipinu er búa ómegðar-búi, ok sé menn öreiga, K. Þ. K. 90; tólf aura öreiga-mund, N. G. L. i. 27, 54, see mundr.
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f. = öreigð, Stj. 156, Hsm. 13. 3.
(from ‘ør’ and önd), n.
1) breath;
e-n þrýtr ~t, one’s breath fails, one loses breath;
Þórr þreytir á drykkjuna, sem honum vannst til ~, Thor drank hard while his breath lasted;
2) strophe, stanza (of a poem);
cf. erendi, eyrendi, eyrindi.
n. an errand, message; see eyrendi.
II. loss of breath; er hann þraut eyrendit … sem honum vannsk til eyrendi, Edda 32; þá var þrotið ørendi hans, his breath was gone, of a person drowning under water, Bs. i. 335: see eyrendi 4.
a. having breathed one’s last, dead (hón hné í fang bónda sínum ok var þá ørend); cf. ‘eyrendr’.
also spelt eyrendr, erendr, adj. = Lat. exanimis, ‘out of breath’ i. e. dead, having breathed one’s last; hón hné í fang bonda sínum ok var þá eyrend. Ísl. ii. 275; steypir honum örendum til jarðar, Al. 38; þrælar konungs vildu draga klæði af Sigurði, var hann eigi eyrindr, Fms. vii. 298; Þorleifr var eigi eyrendr, Fb. i. 414; drepa hann, ok var hann erendr er þeir Hlenni kómu, Glúm. 370; feilr konungrinn þegar á jörð niðr örendr, Fms. xi. 64; fann þá báða örenda, Landn. 235; örendr af sárum, 287; kómu þá upp hjá honum menninir flestir allir örendir, Bs. i. 355; vóiu þeir þá fallnir en ekki erendir, Fbr. 6l, 62 new Ed.
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u, f. to make desolate.
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adj. utterly poor, = öreigi, freq. in mod. usage.
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f. doom, fate, = örlög; þeirra örnefni eða örferðir vitum vér eigi, Fms. x. 397 (Ágrip).
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n., or ör-fjara, u, f. an out-going, ebbing: Örfiris-ey is the pr. name for islands which, at low-water, are joined to the mainland by a reef which is covered at high-water; one such island is near Reykjavik; another at Skard in western Iceland, now called Öffirs-ey; so also Ör-fjara, u, f. = the island Orfir in the Orkneys, Orkn. 182.
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part. quite worn out, dilapidated, H. E. i. 489.
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a, m. cheer, fare (see aurgáti), Fms. xi. 341, Mar.
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m. the name of an old giant (cp. Germ. ur-alt), Vþm., Edda.
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m. a mythical name, Fsm.
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a, m. a nickname, Landn.
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(urgrandari), m. the desolator, Runic stone.
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adj. very slim; örgrant, quite small, minute; in the saying, örgranns eru vér lengst á leit, looking for a small thing takes the longest time, cp. Engl. proverbial phrase ‘to look for a needle in a bottle of hay,’ Mkv.
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m. the name of a giant, Edda.
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adj. quite shallow.
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n. a countless multitude; örgrynni vista, Ó. H. 187; ö. fjár, Hom. 111 (ógrynni, Ó. H. 241, l. c.); ö. sauðfjár, Eg. 741; ö. liðs, O. H. L. 23, 49; eyrgrynni liðs, Ó. H. 106.
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adj. helpless, Barl. 100.
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adj. out of heart, having lost heart, Hom. (St.), Fas. ii. (in a verse).
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part. = örhjarta, Fas. ii. (in a verse).
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ör-hæfi, see öróf, öræfi; hann hefir örhóf manna, Mork. 173.
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adj. free from ice, opp. to ice-bound.
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adv. gratuitously, = ókeypis, Rétt. 84.
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adj. out-burnt, extinguished, of coals burnt to ashes.
2. metaph., vetr görðisk því verri sem meirr leið á, ok verðr örkola fyrir mörgum, Ísl. ii. 134; hence the mod. phrase, vera úrkula vonar um e-ð, to be past hope.
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u, f. penury, want, lack of choice; ok sinn dag dapran at deyja frá svínum allri örkostu er hann áðr hafði, Am. 58.
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m. a resource, way out of a difficulty; hann skal gjalda sex aura … ef hann á örkost til en ekki elligar, Grág. ii. 155; ek hefi slíkan örkost (mat, Bs. i, l. c.) ætlat til Jóla-vistar mönnum sem hér hefir lengi vant verit, Sturl. i. 216: so in the phrase, eiga einskis úrkostar, to have means for nothing, be destitute; ef hann á þess úrkosti, if he has means to do it.
II. a ‘want of choice,’ lack; fundu þeir at Ægis örkost hvera, they found no cauldron by Æ., Hým. 1.
n. lasting scar, bodily blemish, maiming, mutilation (lifa við ørkuml).
(mod. örkumsl), n. [from kuml, q. v., and ör-, = Germ. ur]:—a lasting scar, a blemish or wound that disfigures or maims one for ever; særðir til ölífis, sumir til örkumbla, 655 xi. 1; högg þú hestinn, ekki skal hann við örkuml lifa, Nj. 92; ef ekki er örkumbl gört at þeim, Grág. i. 261; þótt þeir fái örkumbl af eðr bana, 301; barn hvert skal ala er borit verðr, nema þat sé með þeim örkymlum (deformity) borit at þennog horfi andlit sem hnakki skyldi, N. G. L. i. 12; stóð höfuðit gneipt af bolnum, segir Þóroddr at Snorri vildi græða hann at örkumla-manni, make a maimed invalid of him, Eb. 244; Klæingr lifði við örkyml, Sturl. ii. 109 C; liggja úti iðrin, hann hirðir nú eigi um líf með örkumlum þessum, Ísl. ii. 365; fékk annarr bana af en annarr örkuml, Fms. viii. 38; hafa týnt sumir limunum, sumir bera annars-kyns örkuml allan aldr sinn, 251; ok fótrinn af berserknum, hann leysti sik af hólmi ok lifði við örkuml, Glúm. 333. örkumla-lauss, adj. unmaimed, unblemished, Fb. ii. 371, Nj. 246, Sturl. i. 86.
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að, to maim; hann barði á tvær hendr ok örkumlaði menn, Lv. 103.
2. part. maimed, disfigured, disabled; hón kvaðsk eigi vilja eiga Bersa örkumlaðan, Korm. 134; ö. var aulinn stór, Skíða R.; vil ek eigi lengr berjask við þik örkumlaðan mann, Ísl. ii. 269.
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adj. = örlátr, bountiful.
a. open-handed.
adj. [örr, adj.], open-handed, Nj. 147, Ld. 312, Bs. i. 619.
m. liberality, munificence.
m. liberality; fyrir örleiks sakir ok allrar atgörfi, Gullþ. 4, Fms. ii. 242, iv. 370, xi. 203, Sks. 442.
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d, to be exiled, Stj. 111; ok örlendz þar, and do emigrate thither, 162.
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adv. abroad, Gþl. 148; sac erlendis.
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see erlendr.
adv. largely, abundantly.
adv. largely, abundantly, Fas. i. 213, Sks. 442, Stj. 348.
a. abundant (~ ávöxtr).
adj. bountiful; með örligri miskunn, 655 xxx. 11.
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n. another form for örlög, [mid. H. G. urliugi; cp. Dutch orlog = war; whence again mod. Dan. orlog = warfare at sea]:—fate, doom, generally conceived as coming in or by war; heyja eyrlygi, Eg. (in a verse); heyr undr mikit, heyr örlygi (‘hear words of doom’), heyr mál mikit, heyr manns bana! Gísl. 15, (these alliterative words are evidently a fragment of an old lay, see Mr. Dasent’s Transl. p. 30, l. c.) In Edda (Gl.) ‘örlygi’ is entered among the names of ‘battles:’ in a verse of Bragi, örlygis-draugr, a battle-worker, warrior; these are the only places in which we find the word, while in Dutch and Low Germ. it is common, but see örlög.
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m. a pr. name, see the preceding word, Landn.: whence Örlygs-staðir, a local name, Sturl.
f. bountiful mind.
t. a bountiful mind; heyrð er bæn þín ok örlyndi, thy prayers and thine ‘alms,’ Post. 290 (Acts x. 4); eigi hefir þú enn tapat örlyndinni. Bs. i. 53.
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adj. relating to charities; ö. boðorð, Hom. (St.)
a.
1) bountiful, liberal, free-handed;
2) impetuous, headstrong.
adj. charitable, bounteous, open-handed, Fms. i. 219, ii. 21, Nj. 16, Al. 5, passim.
n. liberality, charitableness.
f. liberality, charitableness, Fms. ii. 118.
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n. pl. [from ör-, = Germ. ur-, and lög; see örlygi], the primal law, fate, weird, doom, = Gr. μοιρα; þær lög lögðu … örlög seggja, Vsp. 20; ek sé Baldri örlög fólgin, 36; örlög sín viti engi fyrir, Hm. 55; þvíat þú öll um sér örlög fyrir, Skv. 1. 28; aldar örlög hygg ek at hón öll viti, Ls. 21, 29; dæma örlög manna, Fas. iii. 32, Edda 8; Nornir ráða örlögum manna, 11; stýra örlögum, Al. 79, 141; urðu þau örlög Hákonar jarls, at Karkr jarl skar hann á háls, Nj. 156; Afríkar skulu nú fá örlög sín, Karl. 366; hann var manna vitrastr svá at hann sá fyrir örlög manna, Nj. 162; spyrja at örlögum sínum, Fs. 19; þat er örlögin höfðu fyrir skipat, Al. 19; drýgja örlög, to ‘dree’ one’s weird, Vkv. 3; er þat líkast at liðin sé mín örlög, my worldly-worked life at an end, Fs. 84; örlög-símu, örlög-þættir, the ‘weird-thrums,’ threads of the Norns spun at one’s birth, Skv. 2. 14, Hkv. 1. 3; örlaga bönd, Skald H. 3. 4. örlög-lauss, adj. ‘weirdless,’ one whose life is still a blank, Vsp. 17; örlaga-nornir, örlaga-dísir (in mod. poetry), the weird-sisters, the Parcae.
II. exploits; segja frá örlögum sínum, Ls. 25. …
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adj. quite exhausted, powerless.
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að, to be quite exhausted, faint from exhaustion.
m. arrow-case, quiver.
m. an arrow-case, quiver, Fas. ii. 506.
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adj. hasty of speech, Glúm. 364.
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n. pl. (mod. örmull, m.), [ör- and mol, moli; old Swed. or-mylja = a digger, remover of mark-stones, Schlyter]:—prop. atoms, particles, remnants; at eigi finnisk örmol þeirra, 623. 35; var hón svá vandliga niðr brotin, nema nokkur örmol megi finnask í á þeirri er fellr …, Al. 93; brann upp allt Dana-virki, ok sá engi merki eptir né örmol, no trace nor remnants were seen, Fms. xi. 35; þeir sásk aldri síðan, ok engi örmul fundusk af Háreki, Nj. 279; segisk at enn megi finnask mörk ok örmul af örkinni, Stj. 59; ok sást engi örmul (örmull Cod.) síðan til þess, Ann. 1422.
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part. utterly exhausted, Fél. iv. 232.
m. quiver, = örvamælir.
m. = örmalr, a quiver, Barl. 137.
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n. [= Germ. ur-name], a local name, prop. an old name, Stj. 394, Brandkr. 61; svá sem örnefni eru við kennd, Fms. i. 241; þeir hendu þrælana fleiri þar sem síðan eru örnefni við kennd, Eg. 596; hét Örlygr á Patrek biskup til landtöku sér, at hann skyldi af hans nafni örnefni gefa þar sem hann tæki land, Landn. 43, freq. in mod. usage.
2. a pr. name of a person, but rarely; gat Ólafr digri með henni barn, en þeirra örnefni eðr örferðir vitu vér eigi, their names or doings, Fms. x. 397 (Ágrip).
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adj. hasty of speech, frank, out-spoken, Eb. 104, Ó. H. 114, Finnb. 284, Bjarn. 34.
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= örhóf, immensity; örófi vetra áðr væri jörð of sköpuð, Vþm.; öróf manna ok vápna, Mork. 139; ræna örófi fjár, Jomsv. S. ch. 33; öróf fjár, Fas. ii. 538, MS. 656 B.
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t, to strip utterly; aldrei má ö. dún úr hreiðrum, Fél. iv. 220.
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adj. sheepless,, = sauðlauss, Grág. i. 426.
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adj. ‘sackless,’ as a law term, = sykn, ‘out of guilt,’ free; en þeir örsekkir er upp halda árum sínum, N. G. L. i. 65; en ef hann kömr á alla staði þá er hann orsækkr (sic), 379, Gþl. 462; at orsekkju, N. G. L. i. 147 (last line); skal hafa eikju hverr er vill at orsekju, 243, ii. 44 (but osekkir two lines below), and so passim in the Norse laws.
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adj. shameless, unblushing, Al. 87.
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adj. quite short, quite brief; örskamma stund.
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f. a great shame, disgrace, Stj. 54, H. E. i. 461; at eigi mætti hans ö. opinber verða, Post. (Unger) 55.
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n. pl. eccentricity, strange affairs; hence örskipta-maðr, an eccentric, overbearing person, Lv. 27 (cp. the context); inir mestu örskipta menn, violent men, Eb. 110, Fb. i. 250; segja frá nokkurs-konar örskiptum frá kynslum eða undrum, to relate strange things, wonders and marvels, Þiðr. 4.
n. arrow-shot, = ördrag.
n. = ördrag, an arrow-shot, of distance, Al. 13, Karl. 286; örskots-lengð, Grág. i. 91. örskots-helgr, f. a law phrase, an asylum or sanctuary within arrow-shot. Grág. passim; cp. esp. the interesting record Landn. 5, ch. 4 (287, 288); the örskotshelgr is in Grág. Vsl. ch. 51 set at two hundred (i. e. 240) fathoms.
a. swift-gliding, of a ship (skipin vóru örskreið).
adj. swift-sliding, of a ship, Fms. i. 100, iii. 43.
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part. swift-stalking, rapid, Ó. H. (in a verse).
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adj. = örskammr.
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1. tók, to take utterly, take all, leaving nothing; en tjald ok kríu ætti við að halda ok ö. aldrei egg þeirra, Fél. iv. 214.
2. adj. not grasping firmly; verða örtaka fyrir e-m, to lose the grasp, be overpowered by one, Fas. ii. 434.
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n. an over-stocking of a pasture; ganga í örtröð, see tröð.
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að; örugga sik, to cheer one’s heart, take heart, Pr. 420, Stj. 154.
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m. security, confidence, safety, Stj., Sks. 271, Eluc. 48; traust ok ö., 655 xix. i: fearlessness, Fbr. 20.
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adv. unfailingly, without fear, boldly, Stj. 151; bað þá fylgjask vel ok ö., Fms. viii. 92, Anecd. 32.
a.
1) out of danger, safe, secure;
2) fearless, undaunted (~ í framgöngu);
3) resolved (þeir vóru øruggir í því at firrast Nóreg sem mest);
4) trusty, to be relied on (gefið eignir þeim, sem yör eru øruggir); of things, safe (~ íss, øruggt fylgsni).
adj. ‘out of all concern,’ out of danger, safe, secure, Greg. 24, Fms. vi. 152: fearless, undaunted, hugdjarfr sem inn öruggazti berserkr, i. 259; öruggr í framgöngu, vi. 421; verit öruggir ok óttalausir, Ó. H. 240; drengr góðr ok ö. í öllu, Nj. 30, passim.
2. resolved; þeir vöru öruggir í því at firrask Noreg sem mest, Eg. 159, Ld. 302: trusty, to be relied on, gefið eiguir þeim sem yðr eru öruggir, Fms. vii. 182, Th. 2.
3. of things, safe; engi örugg fylgsni, Fms. i. 136; öruggr íss, safe ice, ix. 371; öruggr skjöldr, Finnb. 328; ö. reiði á skipi, Sks. 29; örugga hvíld ok haga, MS. 544. 14; berjask með öruggum atgangi, Ísl. ii. 268; öruggt til lækninga, Sks. 32 new Ed., Magn. 468.
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and ör-vasa, adj. [from ör- and vesa = to be?], prop. decrepit, ‘stone-old,’ worn out; gamall ok örvasi, Glúm. 337, Stj. 225, 548; móður mjök gamla ok örvasa, Fms. i. 76; örvasa af elli, Fb. i. 77; á örvasa aldri, in one’s old age, Fms. ii. 42, Sks. 162 new Ed; enn er Haraldr var orðinn örvasi, Hkr. i. 67; örvasar ok ómagar, N. G. L. i. 180.
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part. a waver, shaker of spears and shafts.
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adj. unwordy; hróðrs örverðr, Ad.
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n. decrepitude, (from verpa I. 4); in the saying, karli hverjum kemr at örverpi, Fms. iii. 96.
2. a ‘reckling,’ the last smallest egg in a nest, so also the last-born dwarf-child, is in Icel. called örverpi.
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að, mod. sounded örvingla, [ör- and vil], to despair, with gen.; ö. sér e-s, flestir örvilnuðu sér lífs, they despaired of life, 656 C. 21: chiefly used,
II. reflex. örvilnask, to despair, absol. or with gen.; örvilnisk engi sér líknar, Hom. 78; ö. hjálpar, 48; örvilnask undan-kvámu, 121; örvilnuðusk allir aðrir enn Páll postoli, at þeir myndi land taka, 655 xvii. 4, Al. 110; hann huggar aðra, at eigi örvilnisk þeir, Greg. 38; æ meðan hann örviinask eigi, Sks. 511.
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(mod. örvinglan), f. despair. Fms. i. 138, Sks. 609, Stj. 51.
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and ör-viti (er-vita, Hkv. l. c.), adj. out of one’s senses, frantic; ærr ok ervita, Hkv. 2. 32; œrr ok örviti, Ls. 21; þá hljóp ek upp örviti, Fms. vii. 158, Mork. 191, l. c.; örvita hræðsla, mad fear, Mar. 1045; hón örvita, Greg. 12; banvænn ok nær örviti, sinking fast and well-nigh senseless, Fms. i. 86; dauðvána ok örviti, vi. 31.
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n. vinegar; drykkiar-ker fullt örvínans, … þá es Jesús hafði tekit örvínan, Hom. St. (John xix. 28 sqq.), now obsolete.
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u, f. anything beyond hope; mér er Sveins á engri stundu örvæna, no hour at which I may not expect Sweyn, Orkn. 412 (örvænt, v. l.); margir menn mæla, at eigi sé örvæna at ek koma þar, that it is not past hope, that …, it may well be that …, Ld. 204.
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n. expectation; vissi engi hans nátt stað, ok engi hans örvæni, nobody knew his whereabouts, Fagrsk. ch. 58.
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adv. feignedly; láta örvænliga, sem hann hafi aldri getið sinna eyrinda fyrir þér, to make believe, feign, Fas. iii. 83.
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adj. beyond expectation, past hope; fyrir hann var einskis örvænt orðs né verka, anything could be expected from him, he was able to do anything. Ísl. ii. 326; þó er eigi örvænt (‘tis not unlikely) at ek hafa ámæli af konu minni, Nj. 65; eigi er örvænt at skjótt steypi hans ríki, Fms. i. 207.
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t, to despair, with gen., Ísl. ii. 160, Fms. x. 219, 352: enskis ílls örvænti ek fyrir yðr, there is no wicked thing that may not be expected from you, Ísl. ii. 160, freq. in mod. usage.
2. reflex., Fms. vi. 410, Fb. iii. 391.
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f. despair, hopelessness, Mar.
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f. despair.
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t, = örvænta; örvætta sér sigrs, Fms. x. 352.
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m. the swift furtherer, Þd.
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part. utterly exhausted, worn out. Pass.
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m. the sturdy, the stubborn (?), the name of an old giant, the father of the Norns, Vþm.
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adj. without expedients, confounded; Vagn verðr eigi ö., hann ferr um endi-langa Danmörk, Fb. i. 172, O. H. L. 14.
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n., qs. ör-hœfi, Mork. l. c.; in old writers used in sing.; [from its use in old writers it seems as if it were derived from ör- neg. and höfn, a haven]:—an open, harbourless coastland, in old writers used almost exclusively in this sense; fyrir hafnleysis sakir ok öræfis, Landn. 276; ef skip er í öræfi komit, Jb. 381; hann lét göra þar virki ok höfn er áðr var öræfi, Fms. vii. 100; örhœli ok hafnleysur, Mork. l. c.; ok veita strandir þar í mörgum stöðum hafnir er fyrr var örœfi, Sks. 11 new Ed.; sandar, örœfi ok brim mikit fyrir útan, Hkr. i. 229.
2. a wilderness; komast um síðir ór öræfi þessu, of a mountain, Bs. i. 200: in mod. usage plur. a desert, wilderness.
II. in local names, Öræfa-jökull or Öræfi, n. pl., is the local name of the open, unsheltered coastland of southern Iceland, the present Skaptafells-sýsla.
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n. [cp. askran, p. 25], a roaring, bellowing, of a bull, Fas. iii. 411.
(að), v. to roar, bellow.
að, to bellow; öskra sem blótneyti, Fas. i. 425; uxi, hann öskraði ógurliga ok lét mjök ílliliga, Fb. i. 261: freq. in mod. usage, esp. of enraged cattle.
2. to scream, roar (from pain), Str. 32; cp. eiskra.
a. horrible, = öskurligr (óp mikit ok öskranligt).
= öskrligr; ö. sýn, Bs. i. 256; öskranligt óp, Mar. 1054.
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adv. horribly, hideously; hann (the bull) fór beljandi um völlinn ok lét öskrliga, Eb. 118 new Ed.; æpa ö., to yell hideously, Fb. i. 417, ii. 26.
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adj. hideous; belja öskrligri röddu, Bær. 19.
gen. from aska.
of ashes, see aska.
COMPDS: öskudagr, öskugras, öskupoki.
pp. baked in ashes.
part. baked in ashes, Stj. 393. Judg. vii.
m. Ash Wednesday.
m. Ash-Wednesday, Fms. viii: also ösku-óðinsdagr, Stj. 40.
pp. besprinkled with ashes.
part. besprinkled with ashes, Sturl. ii. 186.
f. heap of ashes.
u, f. a heap of ashes, Fas. iii. 217.
n. fall of ashes (from a volcano).
n. a fall of ashes (from a volcano), Ann. 1300.
a. ash-pale, pale as ashes.
adj. ashy-pale, pale as ashes, Mag. 4.
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n., botan. = rhinanthus or cockscomb, Hjalt.
m. = öskudyngja.
m. a heap of ashes, Eb. 94.
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a, m. an ‘ash-poke,’ ash-bag. In Icel. on Ash-Wednesday, men and women, esp. the young, are all day long on the alert, being divided into two camps; the women trying to fasten small bags of ashes, by a hook or pin, on the men (hengja á þá ösku-poka), hooking the ash-bag on their backs or clothes, so as to make them carry it unawares; it a man carries it three steps or across a threshold without knowing it, the game is won. The men on their side fasten bags with small stones on the women.
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f. ash-pit.
(að), v. to wade or splash (hón öslar aptr til meginlands).
að, [akin to vaða-óð, qs. vaðsla or from usli = fire (?)], to wade, splash in water; hón öslar aptr til meginlands, Fas. ii. 182: very freq. in mod. usage, e. g. of children dabbling in water: in poets also of ships, skeiðir úðr undan bar ösluðu súða ljónin, Sig. Breiðf.
a. like a she-ass; ~ kvern-steinn, the upper mill-stone (mola asinaria).
adj., ö. steinn, 655. Matth. xviii. 6, transl. of ονικος λίθος, the upper millstone.
from asna, she-ass.
see asna.
(gen. aspar, pl. aspir), f. aspen-tree (einstœð sem ~ í holti).
f., gen. aspar, pl. aspir, [A. S. æsp; Dan. asp], an aspen-tree, Edda (Gl.); einstæð sem ösp í holti, Hom. 5; strange to say that the word is never used in poetical circumlocutions.
II. in local names, Espi-hóll.
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adj. brisk, energetic; see atall: cp. mod. Norse atal = saucy, peevish.
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adj. [at, n., p. 29], able to fight, of a horse, Rb. 298.
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see auvirð, auvirðask, p. 36.
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see auvisli.
(gen. øxar, exar, dat. and acc. øxi, exi, pl. øxar, exar), f. axe (hann hafði í hendi øxi mikla).
i. e. øx, f., gen. öxar, dat. and acc. öxi, pl. öxar, preserving the ö throughout; declined like heiðr, öx standing for öx-r; also spelt eyx and ex: in mod. usage declined like höfn, nom. öxi, gen. axar, dat. and acc. öx or öxi, pl. axir: [Goth. aqwisi; a word common to all Indo-European languages]:—an axe. Am. 39, Nj. 19, 70, Sturl. i. 63, Eg. 180, 183, Ld. 112, K. Þ. K. 170, and passim: öxar-egg, f., -skapt, n. the edge, haft of an axe, Sturl. ii. 91, Fms. vi. 212, Fær. 111: öxar-hamarr, m. the back of an axe, Nj. 253, Grág. ii. 14, Fær. 221: öxarhamars-högg, n. a blow with the back of an axe, Fms. ix. 469, Gþl. 177, Orkn., Lv. 86: öxar-hyrna, u, f. the hooked beak of an axe, such as a bill, halberd, or Lochaber-axe, Fær, 111, Fms. ii. 82, Lv. 82: öxar-stafr, m. a nickname, Lv. 86: öxar-talga, u, f. masonry, Stj.: öxa-tré, n., Sturl. i. 158: öxar-þæri, n., Grág., see þæri. The axe, rather than the sword, was the favourite national weapon of the old Norsemen and Danes, cp. …
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að, to cut, carve with an axe, of wood; öxa við, Fms. ii. 233.
(gen. axlar, pl. axlir), f.
1) shoulder-joint, shoulder (hendr blóðgar upp til axla); hann hafði øxi um öxl, he carried an axe over his shoulder; sat Þorkell upp við ~, TH. sat half up, leaning on his arm; líta um ~, to look over one’s shoulder;
2) fig. the shoulder of a mountain (en er þeir kömu inn fyrir öxlina);
3) axel = öxull.
f., gen. axlar, pl. axlir; [Goth. amsa; A. S. eaxl; Engl. axle; Dan. axel; Germ. achsel; Fr. aisselle; all from Lat. axilla, Grimm’s Dict. i. 163]:—the shoulder-joint, so called from being the ‘axis’ on which the arm moves (the general word is herðar, q. v.): lerka at öxl, Fms. vi. 440; þeir þrifu í axlirnar ok toguðusk um, viii. 383; hendr blóðgar upp til axla, Þiðr.; féll hann ok lesti öxl sína, Þorf. Karl. 390, v. l.; dvergar á öxlum, Rm.; hann hafði öxi um öxl, across the shoulder, Ld. 276; á öxl, Gullþ. 64; engi maðr tók betr enn í öxl honum, Fms. v. 67; meðal axlar ok ölboga, Bs. i. 640; hann slær sverðinu á öxl Grimi ok klýfr hann í herðar niðr, Finnb. 288; sat Þorkell upp við öxl, Th. sat half up leaning on his arm, Vápn. 29; at þú of öxl skjótir því er per atalt þykkir, cp. to turn the cold shoulder to, Gg.; lita, sja um oxl, to look over one’s shoulder at, look askance at, Orkn. (in a verse), Fbr. 38, 82 new Ed.
2. metaph. the shoulder of a mountain; en er þeir kómu inn fyrir öxlina … undir öxlinni suðr frá Knerri, Eb. 76, 77 new Ed.; fjalls-öxl, Fas. i, 53.
3. …
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i. e. øxn, pl. oxen; see uxi.
m. axle (himinn sýnist um þær veltast sem hvel um öxul).
m. an axle, Lat. axis; veltask sem hvel um öxul, Pr. 476; en öxull skal millim vera, Sks. 89 new Ed. öxul-tré, n. an axle-tree, Sks. 423.
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m., early Dan. Atzerus, a pr. name, Landn., Dropl.; thus Özur was the name of the first Danish archbishop of Lund (Özurr erki-biskup, Bs. i).